730:
698:. The British feared the spread of the movement in other princely states of the region and increased the policing powers of some of the Rajputana states to clamp down on the protestors. In 1923, Chaudhary was arrested, without a warrant, and made to walk in chains for over three miles. He was assigned menial tasks such as collecting firewood for cooking. Charged with sedition, he served 15 months in
575:. But as Gandhi's influence in India began to increase in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Chaudhary took more interest in his philosophy and established contact with Gandhi. At this time, revolutionary anarchists such as Sethi and Pathik, who were the first mentors of Chaudhary, came to respect Gandhi and often sought his advice; Sethi had become the most crucial functionary of
844:. On his return from Bangalore to Wardha in August 1942, Chaudhary learned that an arrest warrant had been issued against him in Merwada state in the wake of the Quit India movement. He thought it appropriate to reach Ajmer with his family and surrender to the police. He was sent to Ajmer Central jail for over two years, along with his brother Durgaprasad and
1090:
556:. This speech urging masses to adopt non-violent means to oppose colonialism profoundly impacted Chaudhary. Earlier, while studying at Jaipur's Maharaja College, he had already been introduced to Mahatma Gandhi's anti-colonial activism undertaken in South Africa through writings of prominent nationalists such as
859:, a publishing house set-up by Gandhi in Ahmedabad, entrusted Chaudhary with translation of a number of Gandhi's writings given Chaudhary's lingual abilities in not just Hindi and English but also Urdu, Persian and Sanskrit. Therefore, Chaudhary shifted to Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad with his family.
1057:
Chaudhary imbibed Gandhi's vision in his personal life by living a life of simplicity. He and Anjana Devi gave up jewellery and other luxuries in the first decade of their married life and spent much of their life without much income. Like Gandhi, Chaudhary followed a diet of boiled, spice-free food.
814:
A drought affected large parts of
Rajputana region exacerbating the conditions of poor farmers and labourers in 1936. At this point, Gandhi suggested to Chaudhary to return to Rajputana states to help Bhils. Chaudhary did vital social work through Rajasthan Sevak Mandal and created/recharged over 500
705:
Chaudhary's salient work with the
Rajasthan Seva Sangh continued for a long time as its activities kept on growing in Rajputana princely states. For instance, in 1925β26, Chaudhary sided with Sikar-based farmers in their protests to abolish exploitative taxes. He was again sent to jail for six months
252:
and his close associates given his vast knowledge of languages viz. English, Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu, Persian, and
Sanskrit. A renowned journalist, Chaudhary established and ran several newspapers in Hindi and English, including Rajasthan Kesari, Naveen Rajasthan, Navjyoti (weekly), and Naya Rajasthan
1022:
The couple had three children. In 1927, Anjana Devi gave birth to their first child and only son, Pratap. After that, in three years, she gave birth to two daughters, Sita and
Subhadra, respectively. As Chaudhary spent almost six years serving various prison terms, Anjana Devi had a special role in
772:
Chaudhary reached Dandi just before the momentous event took place on 5 April 1930. Gandhi instructed him to reach
Rajasthan to spread the message of Dandi March. Accordingly, Chaudhary made a few speeches in Ajmer region after which he was arrested and sent to Ajmer jail. He was released after the
969:
As he grew older, Chaudhary shifted to Ajmer in 1965. He operated out of a simple two-room house, half of which served as the office of Gram Sahyog Samaj. He was associated with several organisations devoted to constructive programmes. For example, from 1965 until 1978, he worked with Ajmer Nagrik
677:
After this convention, Rajasthan Seva Sangh's headquarter was shifted to Ajmer from Wardha. Consequently, Chaudhary also shifted to Ajmer and he also started a weekly, Naveen
Rajasthan, later renamed to Tarun Rajasthan. In 1922, as this weekly published a revolutionary writing advocating to topple
752:. After finishing this work, Chaudhary suggested to Gandhi to undertake similar activities in the rest of India's princely states. Both of them put together a statement of objective for what was named the Princes & People's Service Society - though the society could not eventually take shape.
818:
In 1939, Chaudhary returned to Wardha with his Anjana Devi and their three children, namely, Pratap, Sita, and
Subhadra. He handed over the editorial and publishing duties of Navjyoti to his brother Durgaprasad (who later established the newspaper as an important daily of Rajasthan). At Wardha,
795:
Later, he returned to Ajmer from southern India and along with brother
Durgaprasad and associates, viz. Shobhalal Gupt, Chandrabhan Sharma, and Maniklal Verma, set up an ashram in Nareli near Ajmer for the training of civil activists under the banner of Rajasthan Sevak Mandal (Rajasthan Service
669:
In 1921, Rajasthan Seva Sangh established the newspaper
Rajasthan Kesari in Wardha with the financial assistance of Jamnalal Bajaj. Chaudhary served as the publisher and assistant editor of this newspaper. A few months after its start, a news item vocally opposing the British administration in
438:
At
Maharaja College, Chaudhary could access and read newspapers for the first time in his life. He became curious about political history and national movements. His knowledge base expanded as he acquainted himself with not only the Indian movement for independence but also various nationalist
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at a time when educating women was considered a social taboo, especially in Rajasthan. Anjana Devi joined Chaudhary's fray of freedom fighters and gave up wearing jewellery after the couple co-founded Rajasthan Sevak Sangh in 1920. For her contribution in mobilising women during the Bijolia
545:. Chaudhary was assigned this task by Pratapsinh on the advice of Chhotelal Jain. However, Jaychand's reluctance made it impossible for Chaudhary to undertake the killing. Ultimately, Pratapsinh was selected to kill Craddock but as Craddock fell sick, it could not be carried out either.
612:, Calcutta, and Ahmedabad. Through these meetings, Chaudhary not only grew closer to Gandhi and his ethics but also imbibed his values of austerity and simple living in his personal life. Chaudhary renounced family wealth and his wife, Anjana Devi, abandoned the wearing of jewellery.
792:(Harijan Service Society), Chaudhary headed the organisation's activities in Rajputana region where feudal and casteist norms prevailed on a great scale. Chaudhary also joined Gandhi in his nation-wide tour to remove untouchability and took care of the Gandhi's correspondences.
358:, a municipality in Rajasthan's Sikar district. Ram Narayan was third of his parentsβ seven children, four of whom were boys and three girls. Durgaprasad, one of his younger brothers, was a Gandhian nationalist and publisher who was jailed during the Quit India movement.
914:. Accordingly, in 1955, Chaudhary shifted to Delhi to work for this organisation to contribute to constructive programmes besides heading its correspondence and awareness building about the organisation. He remained Bharat Sevak Sangh's important functionary until 1960.
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644:. Anjana Devi was the sole woman founding member of this group intended to advance the causes of poor farmers, landless labourers, and bonded slaves in Rajputana's princely states. She was pivotal in organizing women from marginalized backgrounds against the
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due to ideological differences with Congress party. Chaudhary, who was also disillusioned with orthodox elements in Congress' Rajasthan unit, joined this new political party in 1950. He was persuaded by Congress party to rejoin them sometime before the
504:. On his elder brother's advice, Chaudhary took and passed a few examinations, known as inter-science examinations, though he rejected a scholarship to study in Japan and also left Maharaja College in Jaipur to contribute to the nationalist cause.
929:, where it worked on removing social evils and discriminatory traditions, and on improving employment opportunities for the migrant poor. The society also established a college in Faridabad's Ajronda village and trained over 5,000 bureaucrats and
755:
On Gandhi's advice to involve himself in constructive programmes, Chaudhary shut down the weekly Young Rajasthan. Gandhi personally edited Young Rajasthan's farewell article during Congress party's Lahore convention published on 26 December 1929.
685:
princely state abolished 84 oppressive taxes imposed on cultivators and labourers. Chaudhary soon began to spread information about the group and Bijolia satyagraha as a local correspondent sending news dispatches to several newspapers, viz. Aaj,
528:
As part of Kranti Dal in his initial years of association with the Indian freedom movement, Chaudhary became a conduit for supplying messages and information to revolutionaries spread in parts of north India, including those associated with the
651:
Chaudhary and Anjana Devi gave up their ancestral belongings, including numerous grand properties, settling for a monthly wage of fourteen rupees to be a part of the Rajasthan Seva Sangh. In 1921, this organisation took over the leadership of
674:. During his first term in jail, Chaudhary spent around three months behind bars. However, they were treated with respect and let off a few weeks before their term's end to attend the Congress party's Ahmedabad convention in December 1921.
347:
of present-day Rajasthan state. His father, Muralidhar Chaudhary, served as the chief advocate estimating taxes on the farm produces in Sikar princely state. His mother, Chhotibai Chaudhary, was the daughter of Manikaran Harbhajanka, a
1033:
Chaudhary, through his will written in 1972, instructed family members to use his personal savings to set up Rajasthan Trimurti Smarak Trust, an organisation wished to establish in the memory of his three mentors, i.e. Arjunlal Sethi,
810:
In 1935β36, as Chaudhary began to suffer from a heart ailment, Gandhi invited him to his ashram at Wardha to personally take care of his health. He stayed with Gandhi's secretary, Mahadev Desai, and took his daily lunch with Gandhi.
768:
to Chaudhary, though, the latter felt he was not suitable for this duty. Gandhi entrusted Chaudhary with important administrative responsibilities at the ashram and did not include him in the list of protestors who marched to Dandi.
1131:
Chaudhary wrote over 10 books in Hindi including a history of Rajasthan, experiences with Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, his wife Anjana Devi, and his thoughts on the future of Rajasthan. Some of his prominent books include
851:
In Chaudhary's absence, his wife, Anjana Devi continued the publication of the Navjyoti weekly based in Ajmer. Chaudhary was released in the last week of May 1945, a few months after the release of Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
313:
After India's independence, Chaudhary lived for a decade in Delhi working to remove social discrimination and promoting knowledge of governance among public servants and elected local-level leaders. In Delhi, he grew close to
759:
At the ashram, he took up duties such as administrative work, cleaning the campus, teaching Hindi to women and children while learning the art of weaving during his five-month-long stay. His stay coincided with the historic
276:
However, increasingly in his twenties, he adopted Gandhi's ideological repertoire in his political activism. He and his wife, Anjana Devi, gave up family wealth and settled for a life of self-austerity on the principles of
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devotee. His study of languages, including English, continued at this school where he remained till class six. Due to his academic excellence, Chaudhary was double promoted and was able to skip classes at Jobner school.
819:
Gandhi entrusted Chaudhary with his personal correspondence. An avid reader and writer, he translated the weekly Harijan, and handled the library and reading room during this time. He also taught Hindi to Mirabehn and
862:
In 1946, Chaudhary established a daily titled Naya Rajasthan dedicated to Gandhian principles and ideas. He left Ahmedabad, along with his family, to settle in Ajmer and run the Naya Rajasthan newspaper.
365:
with nobility background. His father, Muralidhar Chaudhary, inherited his aristocrat position in Sikar state from his elder brother, Chainsukhji, who had shifted from Kanwat to Neem Ka Thana to become a
656:βa movement started by Pathik in 1916 against exploitative taxes imposed on farmers and labourers by feudal lords in the Bijolia region. Among the people it worked for, the group promoted wearing
938:
During his decade-long time in Delhi, Chaudhary grew close to Nehru. From 1958 to 1960, Chaudhary conducted nineteen comprehensive interviews of Nehru which were compiled and published titled as
741:
In 1928β29, after Chaudhary was briefly engaged with the Rajputana Praja Parishad (Rajputana People's Conference), he started an English weekly titled Young Rajasthan with Shobhalal Gupt from
291:. His wife, Anjana Devi, too, was an equal partner in this endeavour, especially in mobilising women. Later, he worked to spread agricultural knowledge and formal education among the deprived
582:
Chaudhary taught in Ramgarh at an industrialist's school after leaving his college education. In mid-1917, he left this job to fully devote himself to the independence movement and contacted
245:
He spent almost six years in prison serving five different jail terms due to his civic rights activism in pre-independent India, including over two years during the Quit India movement.
977:, a controversial period in India's history. In response, Chaudhary wrote a detailed, strongly worded letter to Indira Gandhi pleading for an immediate removal of national emergency.
310:, where he resided for three years with his family, Chaudhary handled Gandhi's correspondence besides managing important administrative duties at the ashram as Gandhi's trusted aide.
906:
At this point, Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, proposed to him to serve as information secretary in Bharat Sevak Sangh, a national development agency set up by
784:- a term that he popularised for scheduled castes or ex-untouchables. Chaudhary was hand in hand with Gandhi in this task. For instance, when in 1932, Gandhi, with the help of
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He refused political positions to observe Gandhi's ethic of maintaining a distance from lucrative offices of power. For instance, Chaudhary was offered the ambassadorship to
1104:
Chaudhary was a prolific writer, translator, publisher, and editor for his entire career. He published and edited, at various points of his life, Hindi newspapers such as
973:
In the early 1970s, as attacks on civil liberty mounted in India, he became a pessimist with regards to India's future. In 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a
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In this phase of his life, though Chaudhary had begun to increasingly retreat from active public life, he remained physically until his last days as he believed in
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875:, Chaudhary continued with social work, writing, and translation based in Ajmer. He translated Gandhi's key writings, apart from canonical Gandhian texts by
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605:. Later, through Chhotelal Jain, Chaudhary found out that Gandhi was particularly impressed by his readiness to give up casteist norms of untouchability.
597:, Gandhi wrote to Bajaj praising Chaudhary's teaching abilities. However, Chaudhary was unable to proceed to Champaran as he had committed to teaching at
970:
Sangh (Ajmer Citizens Society), Rajasthan Lok Sevak Sangh (Rajasthan People's Service Society), and Swatantra Senik Sangh (Freedom Fighters' Society).
710:
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Anjana Devi passed away on 27 April 1981 to cancer at the age of 83. In her memory, Chaudhary set up Anjana Devi Smarak Trust in Ajmer and wrote her
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in Rajasthan by 1921. Soon, Chaudhary renounced violent means for revolutionary activities and accepted the Gandhian idea of nonviolent resistance.
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1054:, women's education, and voluntary physical labour. Throughout his life, he undertook constructive programmes to implement these Gandhian ideals.
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Chaudhary taught at Wardha until the later part of 1920. During this time, he met Gandhi multiple times during Congress party's conventions in
1228:
984:(voluntary physical labour). He spent two hours every day doing physical labour, especially by maintaining a garden in his house's compound.
884:
586:, a well-known businessperson, a follower of Gandhi associated with Indian independence movement, and one of Chaudhary's life-long mentors.
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Chaudhary considered his Ahmedabad stay nothing less than a pilgrimage. Gandhi assigned him responsibilities of constructive programmes in
512:
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903:. He served as Congress Rajasthan's vice-president, yet internal factionalism disoriented Chaudhary further away from electoral politics.
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under Chhotelal Jain, a prominent student leader who had given up violence after his contact with Gandhi and whom Chaudhary already knew.
1124:
as a way to mobilize the masses during Indian independence movement. In 1929, he established and briefly operated the English newspaper,
796:
Society) in 1935. He was the chairperson of this group while Shobhalal Gupt served as its secretary. They also established an ashram in
253:
during various phases in his lifetime. Born into a family of privilege in present-day Rajasthan, Chaudhary, as a graduate student in
1751:
1328:
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In late 1941, Gandhi asked Chaudhary to run Gauseva Sangh at Wardha. Chaudhary undertook extensive training in dairy sciences at
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1701:(Hindi. "Bapu: What did I see, what did I understand?"), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 13.
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the British administration, Chaudhary was jailed again for three months and barred from entering Jaipur state for 15 years.
1012:
Satyagraha, she not only spent multiple jail terms but was also threatened to be killed at gunpoint by a police officer in
399:, he learnt Urdu under Mirza Rahim Baig, a strict disciplinarian. Soon, his study of Sanskrit language began under a local
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city. At sixteen, Chaudhary excelled with First Class in his matriculation examination. Consequently, in 1911, he joined
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Soon, to his surprise, Gandhi personally wrote to Chaudhary a letter asking about his availability to work in Bihar's
837:
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during Indian independence movement and in his crusade to abolish taxes on landless labourers and farmers imposed by
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While in Delhi, Chaudhary aided Indian government's talks as the government's chief interlocutor and mediator with
553:
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1200:
1003:, Chaudhary's mother's native town. Her father, Baldevram, was a trader and served as a member of Srimadhopur's
1215:, ashram residents, et al. Chaudhary translated key Gandhian literary works, for example, Gandhi's secretary,
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1019:. In 1932, she was jailed twice in the wake of the violation of Gandhi-Irwin pact by British administrators.
764:. Gandhi, in his absence during Salt March, decided to hand over editorial responsibilities of his newspaper
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near Ajmer. Soon, on the advice of Bajaj, he left Rajasthan to join Gandhi at Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad.
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Nevertheless, Chaudhary's faith in non-violent resistance was still not resolute as he was briefly wooed by
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caste in northern India. Muralidhar Chaudhary was also involved in agriculture and money lending business.
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legal counsel. Due to their services to the princely state, they were endowed with the titular surname of
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wells among Bhil-dominated villages. In 1936, this organisation launched Navjyoti weekly based in Ajmer.
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1989:
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In English, Chaudhary published his ideas on social work from his personal experience in a book titled
1047:
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1932:
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1165:(1959, originally in Hindi), and a compilation of his interviews with Jawaharlal Nehru published in
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at the time of Congress party's Nagpur convention in December 1920. It was modelled on the lines of
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322:, frequently interviewing him and exchanging letters. He lived the last two decades of his life in
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in the early 1900s. He drew inspiration from the writings of Aurobindo Ghose, Lokmanya Tilak, and
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His social work took place on the direct advice and instructions of Gandhi. He stayed at Gandhi's
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
1963:
Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
1950:
Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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circa 1912β13. It became his route to intellectual awakening and broadening of the mind. He read
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Shradhannjali: Swargiya Ramnarayan Chaudhary Aur Anjana Devi Ek Vishistha Swatantra Senani Yugal
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providing a sound upbringing of their three children, often taking personal advice from Gandhi.
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Shradhannjali: Swargya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjanadevi Ek Vishishta Swatantra Senani Yugal
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Shradhannjali: Swargya Ram Narayan Chaudhary Aur Anjanadevi Ek Vishishta Swatantra Senani Yugal
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In this time, he happened to appreciate the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini's memoirs and
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and toured the southern parts of India with Gandhi in the latter's campaign to rid the evil of
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Circa 1960, Chaudhary formed Gram Sahyog Samaj (Village Cooperation Society) in a present-day
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541:. Circa 1915, Chaudhary and Jaychand were selected to murder British Raj's Home member Sir
501:
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After class six, Chaudhary was shifted to Maharaja High School, located next to the famous
724:
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During his college days, Chaudhary married Anjana Devi, daughter of a wealthy trader from
287:
demanding revocation of feudal taxes on farmers, labourers and bonded slaves in Rajputana
8:
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1993:(In Hindi; Ten years with Nehru), Shrimati Anjanadevi Smarak Trust: Ajmer, 1988, pp. 6.
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1069:. A few years later, Nehru offered to make him a minister in his government. After the
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1836:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 78-79.
1823:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 80-84.
1770:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pg. 44-46.
1741:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 27-28.
1632:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 13-14.
552:, Gandhi who had arrived in India from South Africa denounced this violent act in a
1616:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 6-15.
1248:
1219:'s diaries. He also translated writings of other Gandhian social reformers such as
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As a staunch Gandhian, Chaudhary believed in non-violence resistance, promotion of
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1908:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 141.
1880:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 108.
1590:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 4-5.
1577:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 2-3.
1849:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 99.
1783:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 47.
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1199:
As a translator of Gandhi's writings and important Gandhian activists, Chaudhary
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856:
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515:. She also donned the role of his associate in the Indian independence struggle.
1564:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2000 (originally 1954), pp. 1.
458:(Revolutionary Corps), to contribute to Indian nationalist movement, along with
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with his brother Chagganlal to study at a school run by Thakur Karni Singh, an
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Chaudhary wrote and edited 13 books, and translated over 65 canonical texts by
239:
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Ram Narayan Chaudhary resided multiple times, with his family, at Ahmedabad's
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Rajasthan Kesari resulted in the imprisonment of Chaudhary and its co-editor,
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2096:(in Hindi), Rajasthan Swarna Jayanti Samaroh Samiti: Jaipur, 2001, pp. 42-43.
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1688:(in Hindi), Rajasthan Swarna Jayanti Samaroh Samiti: Jaipur, 2001, pp. 14.
827:. Anjana Devi was considered one of the most efficient cotton spinners on
1603:(in Hindi), Rajasthan Swarna Jayanti Samaroh Samiti: Jaipur, 2001, pp. 9.
1551:(in Hindi), Rajasthan Swarna Jayanti Samaroh Samiti: Jaipur, 2001, pp. 7.
1144:), an authorized and first-of-its kind history of Rajasthan state titled
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in Jaipur, situated right next to his high-school, to study engineering.
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Fighting princely feudalism: Rajasthan Seva Sangh and Bijolia satyagraha
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Rajasthan Mein Swatantra Sangram Ke Amar Purodha: Ram Narayan Chaudhary
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Rajasthan Mein Swatantra Sangram Ke Amar Purodha: Ram Narayan Chaudhary
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Rajasthan Mein Swatantra Sangram Ke Amar Purodha: Ram Narayan Chaudhary
1362:(in Hindi). Navajivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad. pp. Preface IV.
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With Gandhi: from Sabarmati and Sevagram Ashram to India's Independence
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1726:(in Hindi). Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner. 1992. pp. 118-120.
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Rajasthan Mein Swatantra Sangram Ke Amar Purodha: Ramnarayan Chaudhary
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Rajasthan Mein Swatantra Sangram Ke Amar Purodha: Ramnarayan Chaudhary
1346:(in Hindi). Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner. 1992. pp. 109β110.
1330:
Rajasthan Mein Swatantra Sangram Ke Amar Purodha: Ramnarayan Chaudhary
1296:(in Hindi). Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner. 1992. pp. 105β121.
1536:(in Hindi). Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner. 1992. pp. 107-08.
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In 1928, Chaudhary left the group and his duties were handed over to
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a couple of times in the late-1920s and 1940s. At Gandhi's ashram at
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48:
1619:
1408:(in Hindi). Navajivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad. pp. 133-139.
890:
In the early 1950s, a set of Congressmen left the party to form the
866:
548:
In 1915, after a student killed a senior English police official in
2044:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 139-45.
2006:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 137-39.
1521:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, preface iv.
1505:(in Hindi). Rajasthan Swarna Jayanti Samaroh Samiti: Jaipur, pp. 4.
1263:
1232:
954:
930:
367:
196:
1673:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 25-28.
1489:(in Hindi). Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner. 1992. pp. 105.
1378:(in Hindi). Navajivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad. pp. 13β14.
1313:(in Hindi). Navajivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad. pp. 80β84.
1207:, views on public education, ideas about state-society relations,
681:
By 1921β22, Bijolia satyagraha's expanse had grown: for instance,
184:
2123:(in Hindi), Shrimati Anjanadevi Smarak Trust: Ajmer, 1988, pp. 6.
1810:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 49-50
1755:(in Hindi), Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner, 1992, pp. 132-133.
1058:
Chaudhary did not believe in the ritualistic aspect of religion.
926:
803:
to promote education, agricultural skills, and cleanliness among
800:
699:
568:
549:
400:
2057:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 2-3.
2031:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 149.
1978:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 123.
1965:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 122.
1393:(in Hindi). Navajivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad. pp. 108.
1171:(1964). Later, these two books were translated into Gujarati by
1065:
by the Nehru government in 1952-53 through their mutual friend,
1952:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 96.
1921:(in Hindi), Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 91.
742:
609:
598:
518:
423:
407:
307:
257:, was initially drawn towards revolutionary activities against
254:
207:
in India who contributed over three decades of his life to the
1660:, Audio File from Rajasthan State Archives, 28 September 1988.
523:
1795:(in Hindi), Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner, 1992, pp. 144.
1422:. Kolkata: Institute of Historical Studies. pp. 296β298.
958:
781:
780:
In the 1930s, Gandhi most crucially worked for the uplift of
682:
658:
350:
323:
110:, Rajasthan Seva Sangh, Bharat Sevak Sangh, Gram Sahyog Samaj
66:
1944:
1942:
1333:(in Hindi). Rajasthan Swarna Jayanti Samaroh Samiti: Jaipur.
953:
regarding the latter's demand to create a separate state of
283:. In the 1920s, Chaudhary was one of the leading figures of
1867:(in Hindi), Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan (1981), pp. 72-87.
1062:
2145:
Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhi Heritage Portal)
987:
Chaudhary died in Ajmer on 4 April 1989 at the age of 94.
935:
in Punjab. This college named after Nehru exists to date.
910:
to aid government's development plans which was headed by
1939:
1211:, natural remedies for diseases, and correspondence with
999:
in 1911. Anjana Devi came from a wealthy family based in
666:, removal of untouchability, and skill-based education.
620:
Chaudhary and like-minded civic workers such as Pathik,
2083:(in Hindi). Prabhakar Prakashan: Ajmer. pp. 48-49.
2018:, Rajasthan State Archives, 29 September 1988 (Part 2).
1936:(in Hindi). Prabhakar Prakashan: Ajmer. pp. 55-56.
1203:. These works included Gandhi's prison experiences at
2106:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1793:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1752:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1724:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1714:, Navjivan Prakashan Mandir: Ahmedabad, 2008, pp. 27.
1534:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1487:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1476:(in Hindi). Prabhakar Prakashan: Ajmer. pp. 8β9.
1344:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
1293:
Rajasthan Swadhinta Sangram Ke Sakshi: Kuch Sansmaran
2070:(in Hindi). Prabhakar Prakashan: Ajmer. pp. 23.
1451:"India Post Released Stamp on Durgaprasad Chaudhary"
2108:, Rajasthan State Archives: Bikaner, 1992, pp. 146.
339:Ram Narayan Chaudhary was born on 1 August 1895 at
1645:(in Hindi). Prabhakar Prakashan: Ajmer. pp. 14-30.
1439:(in Hindi). Prabhakar Prakashan: Ajmer. p. 7.
2140:Official tribute website on Ram Narayan Chaudhary
867:Public intellectual and social worker (1947β1965)
2151:
823:, who later served as independent India's first
1081:of Rajasthan. He declined all of these offers.
500:. He also became interested in the work of the
334:
2175:Indian independence activists from Rajasthan
519:Struggle for Indian Independence (1914β1947)
1007:. Chaudhary personally taught languages to
601:Marwadi Education Society run by Bajaj and
524:From revolutionary activism to non-violence
406:At the age of eight, Chaudhary was sent to
1471:
1432:
1420:Dictionary of National Biography (Vol. 1)
1418:Singh, Jaswant (1972). Singh, S P (ed.).
1306:
1156:(1948, Present Rajasthan), among others.
964:
433:
329:
1326:
1088:
728:
389:Chaudhary's formal education began at a
234:. Chaudhary was closely associated with
1355:
1100:published by Navajivan Prakashan (1954)
214:He employed protest techniques such as
165: 1911; died 1981)
2152:
488:as part of his induction at Kranti Dal
1889:Kanakmal Gandhi and Kusumtai Pandey,
1857:
1855:
1653:
1651:
1529:
1527:
1513:
1511:
1497:
1495:
1417:
1093:Ram Narayan Chaudhary's book titled,
195:(1 August 1895 β 4 April 1989) was a
1658:Interview with Ram Narayan Chaudhary
1322:
1320:
1286:
1284:
921:. Its initial activities focused on
441:Japan's fight against Russian Empire
439:struggles across the world, such as
1041:
737:(image courtesy: Wikimedia Commons)
13:
2016:Interview of Ram Narayan Chaudhary
1906:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1878:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1852:
1847:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1834:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1821:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1781:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1767:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1738:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1699:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1648:
1630:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1614:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1588:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1575:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1562:Bapu: Maine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1524:
1508:
1492:
1159:His popular English books include
1135:Bapu: Meine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
1096:Bapu: Meine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha?
361:Chaudhary was born into a wealthy
14:
2191:
2133:
1390:Bapu: Meine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha
1375:Bapu: Meine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha
1317:
1310:Bapu: Meine Kya Dekha, Kya Samjha
1281:
1864:Rajasthan Mein Hindi Patrakarita
1201:translated over five dozen books
1150:(1980, 20th Century Rajasthan),
990:
403:priest living in Neem Ka Thana.
377:, generally associated with the
326:in his home state of Rajasthan.
121:Bapu: Meine Kya Dekha Kya Samjha
2111:
2099:
2086:
2079:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1986).
2073:
2066:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1986).
2060:
2047:
2034:
2021:
2009:
1996:
1981:
1968:
1955:
1930:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1986).
1924:
1911:
1898:
1883:
1870:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1798:
1786:
1773:
1758:
1744:
1729:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1676:
1663:
1641:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1986).
1635:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1539:
1480:
1472:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1986).
1465:
1443:
1433:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1986).
1426:
1387:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1954).
1372:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1954).
1307:Chaudhary, Ram Narayan (1954).
1269:List of Indian freedom fighters
940:Nehru - In His Own Words (1964)
295:, a tribal group in Rajasthan.
185:http://ramnarayanchaudhary.org/
162:
1411:
1396:
1381:
1366:
1349:
1337:
1300:
1193:Reflections of a Social Worker
995:Ram Narayan Chaudhary married
871:Post India's independence and
395:near his family home. At this
203:, writer, and publisher, from
1:
2180:Indian independence activists
1274:
1077:to power, he was offered the
908:Planning Commission of India
384:
261:inspired by the writings of
209:Indian independence movement
135:Indian Independence Struggle
7:
1501:Bhandari, Mohanraj (2001).
1327:Bhandari, Mohanraj (2001).
1242:
1084:
468:Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay
335:Birth and family background
10:
2196:
2120:Nehruji Ke Saath Das Varsh
1990:Nehruji Ke Saath Das Varsh
486:Indian War of Independence
1036:Thakur Kesarisinh Barhath
638:Servants of India Society
201:anti-colonial nationalist
180:
172:
144:
130:
114:
103:
95:
85:
77:
55:
30:
23:
1895:(in Hindi), pp. 206-208.
1892:Sevagram Ki Gandhi Ganga
1168:Nehru - In His Own Words
1147:Beesvi Sadi ka Rajasthan
1038:, and Vijaysinh Pathik.
838:Imperial Dairy Institute
533:- a plot to assassinate
197:Gandhian social reformer
108:Indian National Congress
90:Maharaja College, Jaipur
2117:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1987:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1904:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1876:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1845:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1832:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1819:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1779:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1764:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1735:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1697:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1628:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1612:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1586:Ram Narayan Chaudhary,
1184:Panditji - Potani Vishe
750:Kathiawar agency states
571:, especially after the
562:Ganeshshankar Vidyarthi
454:, Chaudhary joined the
125:Nehru: In His Own Words
1573:Ramnarayan Chaudhary,
1560:Ramnarayan Chaudhary,
1402:Agrawal, Sita (2008).
1356:Agrawal, Sita (2008).
1101:
965:Later life (1965β1989)
873:Gandhi's assassination
738:
646:feudal taxation regime
434:Intellectual awakening
330:Early life (1895β1914)
224:non-violent resistance
176:Pratap, Sita, Subhadra
16:Indian social reformer
1092:
1071:1977 general election
901:1952 General Election
892:Praja Socialist Party
732:
642:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
632:, Bhanvarlal started
531:Delhi conspiracy case
193:Ram Narayan Chaudhary
151:Anjana Devi Chaudhary
25:Ram Narayan Chaudhary
2081:Anjanadevi Chaudhary
2068:Anjanadevi Chaudhary
1933:Anjanadevi Chaudhary
1643:Anjanadevi Chaudhary
1474:Anjanadevi Chaudhary
1436:Anjanadevi Chaudhary
1048:Hindu-Muslim harmony
821:Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
672:Satyadev Vidyalankar
664:Hindu-Muslim harmony
634:Rajasthan Seva Sangh
502:Theosophical Society
498:Strangling of Persia
2160:Indian nationalists
2092:Mohanraj Bhandari,
1861:Manohar Prabhakar,
1682:Mohanraj Bhandari,
1599:Mohanraj Bhandari,
1545:Mohanraj Bhandari,
947:Shiromani Akali Dal
790:Harijan Sevak Sangh
688:Amrut Bazar Patrika
558:Krishnakant Malviya
271:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
236:Harijan Sevak Sangh
1249:Bijolia Satyagraha
1178:Bapu - Mari Najare
1153:Vartmaan Rajasthan
1102:
975:national emergency
833:at Wardha ashram.
739:
654:Bijolia Satyagraha
573:Russian revolution
464:Gulab Singh Sogani
285:Bijolia Satyagraha
1254:Vijay Sinh Pathik
1225:Shankarlal Banker
1213:Vallabhbhai Patel
1175:and published as
1162:Bapu as I saw him
1141:Bapu as I saw him
1067:Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
1028:biography in 1986
951:Master Tara Singh
896:Ram Manohar Lohia
798:Dungarpur state's
775:Gandhi-Irwin pact
762:Salt March's time
595:In another letter
543:Reginald Craddock
513:arranged marriage
450:On the advice of
445:Swami Vivekananda
190:
189:
96:Years active
2187:
2124:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1909:
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1896:
1887:
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1341:
1335:
1334:
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1314:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1239:, among others.
1114:Naveen Rajasthan
1106:Rajasthan Kesari
1042:Personal beliefs
955:Punjabi speakers
912:Gulzarilal Nanda
887:, among others.
846:Swami Kumaranand
786:Amritlal Thakkar
735:Sabarmati Ashram
715:Jay Narayan Vyas
711:Maniklal Kothari
692:Bombay Chronicle
569:Marxist thoughts
539:Viceroy of India
482:Vinayak Savarkar
478:Lala Har Dayal's
428:Maharaja College
318:, India's first
316:Jawaharlal Nehru
300:Sabarmati Ashram
267:Giuseppe Mazzini
232:Rajputana region
166:
164:
139:Bijolia movement
117:
62:
40:
38:
21:
20:
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2194:
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2100:
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2087:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1940:
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1454:
1453:. 3 August 2012
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1371:
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1318:
1305:
1301:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1259:Arjun Lal Sethi
1245:
1173:Navajivan Trust
1126:Young Rajasthan
1110:Tarun Rajasthan
1087:
1044:
993:
967:
869:
857:Navajivan Trust
825:Health Minister
777:in March 1931.
727:
719:Rishidutt Mehta
696:Hindustan Times
640:established by
630:Haribhai Kinker
618:
603:Krishnadas Jaju
526:
521:
494:Morgan Schuster
452:Arjun Lal Sethi
436:
387:
337:
332:
289:princely states
263:Aurobindo Ghose
220:non-cooperation
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104:Organization(s)
86:Alma mater
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5:
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2134:External links
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2053:Sita Agrawal,
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2040:Sita Agrawal,
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2027:Sita Agrawal,
2020:
2008:
2002:Sita Agrawal,
1995:
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1974:Sita Agrawal,
1967:
1961:Sita Agrawal,
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1948:Sita Agrawal,
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1917:Sita Agrawal,
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1517:Sita Agrawal,
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1122:Naya Rajasthan
1086:
1083:
1073:which brought
1052:untouchability
1043:
1040:
992:
989:
966:
963:
959:Sikh community
868:
865:
726:
723:
706:for doing so.
626:Maniklal Verma
622:Shobhalal Gupt
617:
614:
584:Jamnalal Bajaj
554:public address
525:
522:
520:
517:
460:Chhotelal Jain
435:
432:
386:
383:
345:Sikar district
336:
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320:Prime Minister
250:Mahatma Gandhi
240:untouchability
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1455:. Retrieved
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1205:Yerwada jail
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1075:Janata Party
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349:
343:, a town in
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275:
247:
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228:feudal lords
213:
192:
191:
116:Notable work
61:(1989-04-04)
59:4 April 1989
18:
1229:Manu Gandhi
1120:weekly and
1009:Anjana Devi
1001:Srimadhopur
997:Anjana Devi
885:Manu Gandhi
773:signing of
766:Young India
537:, the then
509:Srimadhopur
259:British Raj
78:Nationality
2154:Categories
1275:References
949:'s leader
788:, started
480:articles,
456:Kranti Dal
420:Hawa Mahal
412:Arya Samaj
280:aparigraha
216:satyagraha
37:1895-08-01
2165:Gandhians
1457:8 October
982:shramdaan
932:sarpanchs
919:Faridabad
855:In 1945,
842:Bangalore
591:Champaran
473:Anandmath
385:Education
375:Chaudhary
304:Ahmedabad
205:Rajasthan
99:1914-1989
71:Rajasthan
49:Rajasthan
2170:Gandhism
1243:See also
1237:Pyarelal
1233:Mirabehn
1196:(1962).
1118:Navjyoti
1085:Writings
1017:Amargadh
957:for the
782:Harijans
599:Wardha's
577:Congress
550:Calcutta
369:zamindar
173:Children
131:Movement
1138:(1954,
1014:Mewar's
927:Haryana
894:led by
830:charkha
801:Sagwara
700:Udaipur
401:Brahmin
363:Marwadi
181:Website
167:
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923:Punjab
743:Beawar
717:, and
702:jail.
694:, and
610:Nagpur
424:Jaipur
408:Jobner
397:maktab
392:maktab
308:Wardha
269:, and
255:Jaipur
222:, and
145:Spouse
81:Indian
1005:panch
805:Bhils
683:Mewar
659:khadi
351:panch
324:Ajmer
293:Bhils
161:(
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67:Ajmer
1459:2020
1181:and
1063:Iran
925:and
560:and
462:and
56:Died
31:Born
840:in
496:'s
484:'s
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379:Jat
354:of
302:in
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2156::
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