Politics of Quebec

2587:. Liberal governments of the 1960s followed a robust nationalist policy of "maîtres chez nous" ("masters in our own home") that would see French-speaking Quebecers use the state to elevate their economic status and assert their cultural identity. The government took control of the education system, nationalized power production and distribution into Hydro-Québec (the provincial power utility), unionized the civil service, founded the Caisse de Depot to manage the massive new government pension program, and invested in companies that promoted French Canadians to management positions in industry. In 1966, the Union Nationale returned to power despite losing the popular vote by nearly seven points to the Liberal Party, but could not turn the tide of modernization and secularization that the Quiet Revolution had started. Both 6793: 4905: 3236:; it advocated recognizing Quebec as an equal and independent (or "sovereign") nation that would form an economic "association" with the rest of Canada. An architect of the Quiet Revolution, Lévesque was frustrated by federal-provincial bickering over what he saw as increasing federal government intrusions into provincial jurisdictions. He saw a formal break with Canada as a way out of this. He broke with the provincial Liberals who remained committed to the policy of defending provincial autonomy inside Canada. 144: 4919: 6779: 4500: 36: 7387: 743:. Its members are appointed by the National Assembly. The commission has been given powers to promote and protect human rights within all sectors of Québec society. Government institutions and Parliament are bound by the provisions of the Charter. The commission may investigate into possible cases of discrimination, whether by the State or by private parties. It may introduce litigation if its recommendations were not followed. 3461:. Sixty per cent of the Quebec electorate voted against the sovereignty-association project. After opening a final round of constitutional talks, the Trudeau government patriated the constitution in 1982 without the approval of the Quebec government, which sought to retain a veto on constitutional amendments along with other special legal recognition within Canada. The new constitution featured a modern 4688: 3441:. The revised law of 1988 adheres to the Supreme Court judgment, specifying that signs can be multilingual so long as French is predominant. The maintenance of an inspectorate to enforce the sign laws remains controversial. However, most Quebeckers adhere to the sign laws, as remembrance of what Montreal looked like (an English city for a French majority) before the sign laws is still vivid. 4368:"That the National Assembly reiterates its desire to promote the language, history, culture and values of the Québécois nation, promote integration into our nation in a spirit of openness and reciprocity, and bear witness to its attachment to our religious and historical heritage represented by the crucifix in our Blue Room and by our coat of arms adorning our institutions." 459: 3832:

Canada. Before the arrival of the Parti Québécois, all major Quebec parties were federalist and nationalist. Since then, the party most associated with this view is the Liberal Party of Quebec. On two occasions, federalist nationalists of Quebec attempted to reform the Canadian federation together with allies in other provinces. The 1990

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GHG/km. This emission level was also lowered every year until it fell to 127 g of GHG/km in 2016. Manufacturers have to obtain an emission average equivalent to that of the enforced level, so they are still be able to sell vehicles that sometimes exceed this threshold. These standards are as strict as those of

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the voters who gave Brian Mulroney two back-to-back majorities in the 1980s, when he promised to bring Quebec into Canada's constitution "with honour and enthusiasm."" They swing between a desire for full independence, and for the recognition of Quebec nationhood and independence within Canada. They are typically

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was lauded by federalists for his impassioned and articulate defense of Canada during the referendum. He left the Progressive Conservative Party to lead the provincial Liberals (no legal relation to its federal counterpart) and a "No" campaign in the event of another referendum, and led his new party

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Established in 1963, the Conseil du statut de la femme (Council on the Status of Women) is a government advisory and study council responsible for informing the government of the status of women's rights in Québec. The council is made of a chair and 10 members appointed by the Québec government every

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Quebec is the only Canadian province that has set up a ministry to exclusively embody the state's powers for matters of international relations. In other provinces, the general tendency is to entrust this type of mandate to a minister that was already carrying out other responsibilities (most likely

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and Dumont insisted that negotiations with the federal government should come before a declaration of independence. They compromised with an agreement to work together followed by a referendum question that would propose resorting to a UDI by the National Assembly only if negotiations to negotiate a

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to stop what was described as an "Apprehended Insurrection" by the FLQ. Critics charge that Trudeau violated civil liberties by arresting thousands of political activists without a warrant as allowed by the Act. Supporters of these measures point to their popularity at the time and the fact that the

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is a legislative officer responsible for handling complaints from individuals, companies and associations who believe the government of Quebec or any of its branches has made an error or treated them unjustly. The Ombudsman has certain powers defined by the Public Protector Act. The Québec Ombudsman

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for the first time but however to regain months later) nor the Quebec Liberals won a majority. Québec Solidaire also gained a few seats from the Parti Québécois collapse and a couple from Quebec Liberals. This also ended the interest of Quebec independence from Canada for a while, as seemingly half

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replaced the Liberals federally in 1984 and governed until 1993. Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney brought together all provincial premiers, including Robert Bourassa, to get the Quebec government's signature on the constitution. The Meech Lake Accord in 1987 recognized Quebec

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based on individual freedoms that would ban racial, sexual, and linguistic discrimination and enshrine minority language rights (English in Quebec, French elsewhere in Canada). After dominating Quebec politics for more than a decade, both Lévesque and Trudeau would then retire from politics shortly

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So-called "soft nationalists" have been characterized as "those who were willing to support Quebec independence only if they could be reasonably reassured that it would not produce economic hardship in the short term", and as "people who call themselves Quebecers first, Canadians second". They are

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colonizing agent of English Canada. Consequently, they demand complete independence for Quebec, which they view in the context of national liberation movements in Africa and the Caribbean of the 1960s. Independence is seen as the culmination of a natural societal progression, from colonization to

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Sovereigntists are moderate nationalists who do not believe Canada to be reformable in a way that could answer what they see as the legitimate wish of Quebecers to govern themselves freely. They opt for the independence of Quebec; however, at the same time, they insist on offering an economic and

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in order to accommodate the wish of Quebecers to continue to exist as a distinct society by its culture, its history, its language, and so on. They recognize the existence of the Quebec political (or civic) nation; however, they do not think Quebecers truly wish to be independent from the rest of

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Prior to the 2018 election, the political status of Quebec inside Canada used to remain a central question. This desire for greater provincial autonomy has often been expressed during the annual constitutional meetings of provincial premiers with the Prime Minister of Canada. In Quebec, no single

714:), the government ministers, the ministers of state and delegate ministers. The Executive Council directs the government and the civil service, and oversees the enforcement of laws, regulations and policies. Together with the Lieutenant Governor, it constitutes the government of Québec. See also 4549:

in Quebec. Following this announcement, the government undertook the initiatives needed to keep its promises. On January 14, 2010, a law came into effect aimed at reducing vehicle GHGs. Automobile manufacturers who sell vehicles in Quebec have to comply with an emission ceiling of 187 g of

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and those businesses with over one hundred employees were obliged to establish a Committee of francization As well, the language law placed restrictions on school enrollment for children based on parental language of education and banned outdoor commercial signs displaying languages other than

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was CA$ 2,168 (€1,700)—less than half of Canada's average tuition. Quebec universities are among the least expensive in Canada. Part of the reason for this is the relative democratization of higher education implemented during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, when the Quebec government froze

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and threaten to excommunicate sympathisers of liberal ideas. For the time it lasted, the Duplessis regime resisted the North American and European trend of massive State investment in education, health, and social programs, turning away federal transfers of funds earmarked for these fields; he

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Quebec's national policy covers all areas relating to the Quebec nation. It establishes the values and foundations on which Quebec society bases its cohesion and its specificity. The Québécois constitution is enshrined in a series of social and cultural traditions that are defined in a set of

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The first law related to privacy protection is the Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 1971. It ensured that all persons had the right to access their credit record. A little later, the Professional Code enshrined principles such as professional secrecy and the confidential nature of personal

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Parizeau resigned and was replaced by Bouchard. The sovereigntist option was pushed aside until they could establish "winning conditions". Bouchard was suspected by hard-line sovereigntists as having a weak commitment to Quebec independence. Bouchard, in turn, was ill at ease with the ardent

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The Accord faced stiff opposition from a number of quarters. In Quebec and across Canada, some objected to it arguing that "distinct society" provisions were unclear and could lead to attempts at a gradual independence for Quebec from Canada, and compromising the Charter of Rights. The Parti

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put the sovereigntist option aside entirely and ran on a fiscally conservative agenda. They won three consecutive byelections, and their popularity soared fleetingly in opinion polls shortly before the 2003 provincial election, in which they won only four seats and 18% of the popular vote.

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occurred for a number of reasons including regulations that made French the only language of communication allowed between employers and their employees. Under pain of financial penalties, all businesses in Quebec having more than fifty employees were required to obtain a certificate of

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is the debate regarding the future of Quebec and the status of it as a province of Canada. Political parties are organized along ideologies that favour independence from Canada (sovereigntist or separatist) and various degrees of autonomy within Canada (autonomists or federalists).

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The sovereigntist campaign remained moribund under Parizeau. It was only with a few weeks to go in the campaign that support for sovereignty skyrocketed to above 50%. On October 30, 1995, the partnership proposal was rejected by an extremely slim margin of less than one per cent.

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While the advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding on the lieutenant governor, there are occasions when the lieutenant governor has refused advice. This usually occurs if the premier does not clearly command the confidence of the elected National Assembly.

637:. These honours are presented at official ceremonies, which count among hundreds of other engagements the lieutenant governor takes part in each year, either as host or guest of honour; in 2006, the lieutenant governor of Quebec undertook 400 engagements and 200 in 2007. 4740:

from the federal government, transfer payments from other provinces and direct payments. By some measures Quebec is the highest taxed province; a 2012 study indicated that "Quebec companies pay 26 per cent more in taxes than the Canadian average". A 2014 report by the

4599:, but mainly hydroelectricity. Compared to Alberta... There is the whole structure of the economy that could explain this phenomenon" analyzes the academic Erick Lachapelle. Nearly 500,000 people took part in a climate protest on the streets of Montreal in 2019. 791:

A first in North America, the Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec (Quebec Commission on Access to Information, CAI) is an institution created in 1982 to administer the Quebec legislative framework of access to information and protection of privacy.

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The Accord collapsed in 1990 when Liberal governments came to power in Manitoba and Newfoundland, and did not ratify the agreement. Prime Minister Mulroney, Premier Bourassa, and the other provincial premiers negotiated another constitutional deal, the

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On July 1, 1998, 69 linguistic school boards, 60 Francophone and 9 Anglophone, were created in replacement for the former 153 Catholic and Protestant boards. In order to pass this law, which ended a debate of over 30 years, it was necessary for the

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tuition fees to a relatively low level and created CEGEPs. When Jean Charest's government decided in 2012 to sharply increase university fees, students protests erupted. Because of these protests, Quebec's tuition fees remain relatively low today.

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Today, the CAI administers the law framework of the Act respecting access to documents held by public bodies and the protection of personal information as well as the Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector.

4720: 3260:, who campaigned against the violation of civil liberties under Duplessis and the economic and political marginalization of French Quebecers in the 1950s. Trudeau saw official bilingualism in Canada as the best way of remedying this. 540:

Many of Quebec's political institutions are among the oldest in North America. The first part of this article presents the main political institutions of Quebec society. The last part presents Québec's current politics and issues.

4649: 3457:" with the federal government. The Referendum promised that a subsequent deal would be ratified with a second referendum. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau would campaign against it, promising a renewed federalism based on a new 4590:

The population of Quebec seems to be more sensitive to environmental issues than the population of other Canadian provinces. According to a 2019 university study, 67% of Québécois residents are aware of humanity's impact on

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in 1976. The first PQ government was known as the "republic of professors", for its high number of candidates teaching at the university level. The PQ government passed laws limiting financing of political parties and the

3404:(Bill 101). The Charter established French as the sole official language of Quebec. The government claimed the Charter was needed to preserve the French language in an overwhelmingly anglophone North American continent. 4873:

for French-speaking countries. Since the 1960s, Quebec has an international network of delegations which represent the Government of Quebec abroad. It is currently represented in 28 foreign locations and includes six

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strongly support this form of federalism. They may recognize the national status of Quebec, but only informally in the cultural and sociological sense. The traditional vehicle for "status-quo" federalists is the

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is responsible for the selection and integration of immigrants, and immigration policy favours respect for Québécois values as well as respect for Quebec's cultural, historical and social characteristics.

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and gave the Montreal-based Anglo-Scot business elite, as well as British and American capital a free rein in running the Quebec economy. His government also continued to attempt to prevent circulation of

6113: 4468:, or matters relating to treaties, deals, accords and programs, only Quebecois political bodies have negotiatic power, along with heads of state, governments, embassies and foreign consulates. Under the 3793:

supports Quebec's right to self-determination, but they are firmly opposed to sovereignty, and do not support any major devolving of economic and political powers to Quebec's provincial government.

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The government of Quebec consists of all the ministries and governmental branches that do not have the status of independent institutions, such as municipalities and regional county municipalities.

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In 1973, the Tribunal des professions was created to behave as an appeal tribunal to decisions taken by the various discipline committees of Quebec's professional orders. The current president is

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said that the Accord compromised principles of provincial equality, and ignored the grievances of the Western provinces. Aboriginal groups demanded "distinct society" status similar to Quebec's.

3279:(English-speaking in Quebec, French-speaking elsewhere) the right to federal services in their language of choice, where the number justifies federal spending. He also implemented the policy of 7469: 4694:, Premier from 1939 to 1944. He granted women the right to vote in 1940, made education compulsory until age 14, introduced free primary school education, and affirmed workers' rights to 1108:. English and French were made the official languages in Quebec Courts and the provincial legislature. The Quebec school system was provided public funding for a dual system based on the 5897: 4789:(RAMQ) which works to maintain the accessibility of services for all citizens of Quebec. Pre-hospital care and rescue missions are provided by foundations and non-profit organizations. 3811:

movement who believe Quebec should seek to gain more political autonomy as a province while remaining a part of the Canadian federation. In 2018 election that the only Autonomist party

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An administrative tribunal, the Tribunal administratif du Québec is in operation since April 1, 1998, to resolve disputes between citizens and the government. The current president is

767:. It is responsible for applying and defining Québec's language policy pertaining to linguistic officialization, terminology and francization of public administration and businesses. 4725:(CNESST) is the main body responsible for the application of labour laws in Quebec and enforcing the collective agreements concluded between unions of employees and their employers. 3590:

amid continued anger over the rejection of the Meech Lake Accord. The Parizeau government quickly held a referendum on sovereignty in 1995. Premier Parizeau favoured a unilateral

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Cabinet Minister who felt humiliated by the defeat of the Meech Lake Accord, led other Quebec Progressive Conservatives and Liberals out of their parties to form the sovereigntist

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nationalism of some elements in the Parti Québécois. He eventually resigned over alleged instances of anti-Semitism within the hard-line wing of the party and was replaced by

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electoral method. Never varying from first-past-the-post, of all the provinces of Canada, Quebec is the only province that since 1867 has not ever used a multi-seat district.

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has the mandate to oversee social and workforce developments through Emploi-Québec and its local employment centers (CLE). This ministry is also responsible for managing the

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has allowed Quebec to integrate better into the Canadian community, in addition to guaranteeing a legal and linguistic context conducive to the development of the province.

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came under sharp criticism for mishandling the "No" side of the referendum campaign. He launched a hard-line "Plan B" campaign by bringing in Montreal constitutional expert

4595:, while the figure drops to 47% in Saskatchewan and to 42% in Alberta. The economic structure of each of these provinces could be one explanation: "Quebec does not produce 626: 7125: 5474: 2531:

Churches maintained the control they previously gained over social services such as schools and hospitals. The authoritarian Duplessis used the provincial police and the "

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The Executive Council is the body responsible for decision-making in the government. It is composed of the Lieutenant Governor (known as the Governor-in-Council), the

4446: 4545:: Quebec intended to reduce its emissions by 20% by 2020 (compared to the emissions of 1990) and will focus on the transportation sector, which accounts for 40% of 3864:, and tend to be swayed by the political climate, becoming "harder" nationalists when angered by perceived rejection by English Canada (such as the blocking of the 6831: 4562: 6105: 4654: 6139: 6029: 4319:

It is also based on a set of statements which clarify and reinforce already established social practices. For example, in his press release on February 8, 2007,

3331: 3283:, answering the concern of immigrant communities that their cultural identities were being ignored. In 1971, Trudeau also failed in an attempt to bring home the 5910: 3650:

in 2000 to establish strict criteria for accepting a referendum result for sovereignty and a tough negotiating position in the event of a Quebec secession bid.

3611:. Tensions between the left wing of the party and the relatively fiscal conservative party executive under Bouchard and Landry also led to the formation of the 3892:

political partnership to the rest of Canada on the basis of the equality of both nations. The political parties created by the sovereigntists created are the

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While the powers of the Crown are vested in the monarch, they are exercised by the lieutenant governor, his personal representative, typically on the binding

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in 1791. The diagram at right represents the political system of Québec since the 1968 reform. Prior to this reform, the Parliament of Québec was bicameral.

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Hydroelectricity is Quebec's main energy source. The Hydro-Québec corporation, owned by the government of Quebec, is the main producer and provider of this

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The Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission) is a publicly funded agency created by the

8030: 7446: 5168: 4672: 2560: 8192: 7256: 5314: 4814: 3517:. It weakened Meech provisions on Quebec and sought to resolve the concerns of the West, and was soundly rejected by a country-wide referendum in 1992. 3947:

provincial autonomy to outright independence. Accordingly, they tend to favour assertive declarations of independence over negotiations, idealizing the

655:. However, it has a few special characteristics, one of the most important being that it functions primarily in French, although French and English are 8236: 3253: 832: 727: 5898:

http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-soleil/actualites/environnement/200912/29/01-934788-ges-le-quebec-sera-aussi-severe-que-la-californie-a-la-mi-janvier.php

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Immigration to Quebec is supported by integration programs favouring French, as it is the common language, as well as the principles of pluralism and

843: 7188: 4676: 4573: 850: 4215: 3952: 8187: 7849: 6992: 828:. The judges of the first are appointed by the Government of Quebec, while the judges of the two others are appointed by the Government of Canada. 613:, which sets the lieutenant governor of Quebec apart from the other Canadian viceroys. (Instead, new sessions begin with the Opening Speech by the 7266: 4768: 4020: 3868:), but "softening" when they perceive sovereigntists as threatening the economic and social stability seemingly afforded by Canadian federalism. 621:. For instance, upon installation, the lieutenant governor automatically becomes a Knight or Dame of Justice and the Vice-Prior in Quebec of the 6352: 758: 7854: 7251: 6198: 4866: 4785: 4488: 3665:

option regarding autonomy currently gathers a majority of support. Therefore, the question remains unresolved after almost 50 years of debate.

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The Parliament of Québec holds the legislative power. It consists of the National Assembly of Québec and the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.

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to an election victory in 2003. He was re-elected as provincial Premier in the election of 2007, and again in 2008, after having called a

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the provinces were granted control of education. The religious-based separate school systems continued in Quebec until the 1990s when the

7178: 6987: 6430: 6334: 5792: 5007: 4301: 6456: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7433: 7211: 3350:(FLQ) was formed in an effort to attain Quebec independence. In October 1970, their activities culminated in events referred to as the 5482: 4875: 7015: 4159: 2520: 2500: 1716: 1219: 4878:(government houses), four delegations (government offices), nine government bureaus, six trade branches, and three business agents. 7133: 5555: 5335: 4962: 4182: 3871:

Many also view the spectre of Quebec secession as a useful negotiation tool to gain more powers within Confederation. For example,

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official and the Assembly's records are published in both languages. The representatives of the Québec people are elected with the

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at the end of 1968, the National Assembly has all the powers to enact laws in the provincial jurisdiction as specified in the

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and the Parti Québécois, which its members define as a party of social democratic tendency. The Parti Québécois organized a

7423: 7143: 7093: 7083: 6977: 6617: 5742: 4803:(CPEs; 'centres for young children') are institutions that link family policies to education. They are administered by the 4199: 3008: 2274: 618: 5256: 5222: 79: 8048: 7502: 7487: 6957: 6840: 6678: 6162:"Accord Canada-Québec relatif à l'immigration et à l'admission temporaire des aubains (Accord Gagnon-Tremblay—McDougall)" 5667: 4615:, agricultural zones were created to ensure the protection of fertile land, which make up 2% of Quebec's total area. The 3415:

was English. This exodus of English speakers provided a substantial and permanent boost to the population of the city of

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who evangelized in French Canada. The clergy used its influence to exhort Catholic voters to continue electing with the

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Independent from the government, this institution is responsible for the administration of the Québec electoral system.

761:(Quebec Office of the French language) is an organization created in 1961. Its mandate was greatly expanded by the 1977 8259: 8112: 7925: 7298: 7226: 6982: 6876: 3623: 3537: 3536:, leader of the Quebec Liberal Party's youth wing left Bourassa's party to form a "soft nationalist" and sovereigntist 3347: 2966: 902: 783:

four to five years. The head office of the council is in Québec City and it has 11 regional offices throughout Québec.

6135: 6037: 4534:(MELCC) is the primary entity responsible for the application of environmental policy on the Québécois territory. The 2583:, the political power of the church was greatly reduced. Quebec entered an accelerated decade of changes known as the 7976: 7271: 7231: 7216: 4245: 119: 3879:(Equality or independence) in the late 1960s as a way of pressing for increased powers from the federal government. 842:

was created. It became the first judicial tribunal in Canada specializing in human rights. The current president is

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from Quebec that, according to Statistics Canada (2003), since 1971 saw a drop of 599,000 of those Quebecers whose

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to assume the major role in the Canadian system, with occasional involvement in areas of provincial jurisdiction.

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called for military assistance to guard government officials. Prime Minister Trudeau responded by declaring the

589:.Thus, it is typically the lieutenant governor whom the premier and ministers advise, in exercising much of the 7557: 6967: 6952: 5457: 4798: 4340: 4307: 4114: 4034: 3790: 3545: 3401: 763: 68: 57: 6595: 6060:"Consolidated provincial and territorial government revenue and expenditures, by province and territory, 2009" 5521: 4642:

are essentially public property. The calculation of annual cutting possibilities is the responsibility of the

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On October 30, 2003, the National Assembly adopted a resolution reaffirming that the people of Quebec form a

3685:, won the majority of seats, the first time since 1966 that neither the Parti Québécois (which also lost its 3319: 3288: 3280: 1783: 671: 622: 564: 479: 277: 8231: 4671:(UPA) seeks to protect the interests of its members, including forestry workers, and works jointly with the 3375:

FLQ was wiped out. Independence-minded Quebecers would now opt for the social democratic nationalism of the

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The federalist nationalists are nationalists who believe it is best for the people of Quebec to reform the

3783: 3694: 3674: 3594:(UDI) followed by negotiations with the federal government if sovereignty were endorsed in the referendum. 3583: 3396: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 982: 937: 225: 7572: 6533: 4166: 3299:

refused to accept a deal that would not include a Constitutional veto on federal institutions for Quebec.

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Through its civil society, Quebec is also present in many international organizations and forums such as

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indicated that "Relative to its size, Quebec is the most indebted province in Canada by a wide margin".

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and view Canada as a bilingual, multicultural nation based on individual rights. They stress that their

3493:". The Mulroney government also transferred considerable power over immigration and taxation to Quebec. 970:

is explicitly banned in Quebec, upheld by a unanimous vote against it in 2005 by the National Assembly.

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and low-pollution energy. Hydro-Québec is a profitable company in constant expansion (for example the

4006: 3812: 3678: 3615:, another social-democratic sovereigntist party that later merged with other left-wing groups to form 2701: 8294: 8063: 7748: 7308: 6914: 6708: 5766: 5717: 4942: 4578: 4461: 4395: 3770: 3408: 825: 6199:"Au Québec pour bâtir ensemble : Énoncé de politique en matière d'immigration et d'intégration" 5787: 2591:

and Union Nationale governments continued to oppose federal intrusion into provincial jurisdiction.

7981: 7971: 7728: 7068: 6894: 6738: 5743:"Bureau du Québec dans les Provinces atlantiques - Secrétariat du Québec aux relations canadiennes" 5592: 4977: 4952: 4567: 4538:(SEPAQ) is the main body responsible for the management of national parks, wildlife reserves, etc. 4174: 3816: 3407:

The enactment of Bill 101 was highly controversial and led to an immediate and sustained exodus of

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The British-type parliamentarism based on the Westminster system was introduced in the province of

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there are 125 Members of the National Assembly, so approximately one MNA for each 45,000 electors.

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of Quebecers preferred returning to the idea of receiving more political autonomy within Canada.

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Broad-based dissatisfaction by both English and French-speaking Quebecers with the government of

3323: 3249: 3229: 3083: 2206: 866: 570: 400: 396: 169: 46: 7002: 6643: 5449: 4629:

of Quebec and is recognized for its agro-food, veterinary and agro-environmental biotechnology.

4083: 3564:, Quebec, was one of two Progressive Conservatives left in Parliament, and became party leader. 906: 93: 8314: 8246: 8209: 8145: 7797: 7650: 7645: 7293: 7073: 6863: 5873: 5616: 4515: 3901: 3897: 3828: 3668: 3573: 3502: 3453:, Premier René Lévesque asked the Quebec people for "a mandate to negotiate" his proposal for " 3450: 3311: 3268: 2545: 1129: 1117: 1097: 675: 667: 656: 610: 361: 246: 179: 148: 6188:

Résolution de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec sur la défense des valeurs québécoises, mai 2008

4947: 4541:

On November 23, 2009, Jean Charest announced Quebec's greenhouse gas reduction targets at the

3429:

French. The section of the law regarding language on signs was deemed unconstitutional by the

8155: 8092: 7010: 6651: 4542: 4062: 3746: 3686: 3458: 3330:

stating "The state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation"; he also created the first

3284: 2524: 933: 821: 7552: 3599:

new political "partnership" under Lucien Bouchard failed to produce results after one year.

2519:, a centre-right party in Quebec that emphasized provincial autonomy and allied itself with 485:

asks the leader of the majority party to form a government in which he will serve as Premier

8329: 8216: 7733: 7683: 7678: 7525: 7515: 6899: 6703: 5843:

Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec, ed. (2006).

5169:"Canada Wide > About Us > The Order of St. John > The Order of St. John in Canada" 4890: 4842: 4313: 3999: 3992: 3960: 3837: 3802: 3682: 3579: 3514: 3392: 3376: 3252:

in Ottawa sought to address the new political assertiveness of Quebec. He commissioned the

2814: 2745: 2588: 2576: 2309: 2147: 1644: 1278: 1121: 956: 918: 687: 550: 508: 313: 166: 4783:(ASSS; 'health and social services agencies'). Quebec's health system is supported by the 3366:, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier, who was killed a few days later. Quebec Premier 2555:

jealously guarded provincial jurisdictions. Common parlance speaks of these years as "La

882: 715: 8: 8274: 7954: 7920: 7778: 7738: 7723: 7203: 7053: 6904: 6889: 6759: 6723: 6693: 6353:"Loi sur la Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (L.R.Q., chapitre S-13.01)" 6227: 4997: 4846: 4810: 4608: 4473: 4347: 4231: 4041: 3932:

Indépendentistes are fully nationalist in outlook. They view the federal government as a

3893: 3849: 3549: 3529: 2595:

Post-National Assembly, Rise of Quebec nationalist movements and Recent political history

949: 660: 525: 7520: 7403: 5846:

Le Québec et les changements climatiques: un défi pour l'avenir. Plan d'action 2006-2012

5542: 4013: 3616: 3520:

The collapse of the Meech Lake Accord reshaped the entire Canadian political landscape.

3501:, opposed the Meech Lake agreement because it did not grant Quebec enough autonomy. The 2886: 926: 298: 8226: 8182: 8035: 7713: 7668: 7098: 7058: 7043: 6909: 6850: 6674: 5503: 5442: 5120: 4992: 4932: 4886: 4272: 4108: 3921: 3908:

side prevailed in both, but its margin was very narrow in the second referendum (50.6%

3766: 3438: 3233: 886: 870: 652: 447: 424: 284: 263: 196: 7577: 4691: 3904:, each of which could have led to negotiations for independence had it succeeded. The 3819:

in the mid-20th century with this view about the future of Quebec's political status.

8382: 8306: 8204: 8167: 8133: 8097: 8080: 7832: 7768: 7395: 7063: 6764: 5853: 5543:

Manifesto of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale - Independence of Québec

5453: 5002: 4982: 4714:(QPIP) as well as last-resort financial support for families and people in need. The 3948: 3872: 3865: 3833: 3731: 3475: 3315: 3307: 2544:, combated communism and even tried to shut down other Christian religions like the 2492: 1984: 1091: 967: 862: 614: 590: 501: 420: 294: 6379:"Loi sur la protection du territoire et des activités agricoles (L.R.Q., c. P-41.1)" 6063: 4128: 3774: 3568:

1995 referendum, its aftermath and fall of interest in Quebec Independence 1995–2018

3224:

A non-violent Quebec independence movement slowly took form in the late 1960s. The

898: 8353: 8289: 8199: 8150: 7088: 7030: 6633: 6538: 4853: 4822: 4749: 4742: 4558: 4526:

Since 2006, Quebec has adopted a green plan in order to meet the objectives of the

4351: 3956: 3758: 3711: 3587: 3498: 3490: 3371: 3292: 2584: 707: 8324: 4729: 4532:

Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment, and Fight Against Climate Change

3639: 3635: 3553: 8398: 8334: 8221: 8172: 7371: 7313: 6783: 6621: 6583: 6571: 6078: 5509: 4924: 4733: 4622: 4434: 4414: 4334: 4328: 3933: 3880: 3762: 3741:

Federal Liberals largely defend Quebec's remaining within Canada and keeping the

3595: 3521: 3506: 3481: 3480:

From 1985 to 1994, the federalist provincial Liberal Party governed Quebec under

3420: 3388: 3367: 3335: 3296: 2564: 2556: 1993:

Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1936–1973) – seats won by party

1594:

Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1904–1935) – seats won by party

1141:

Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1867–1900) – seats won by party

1125: 922: 817: 771: 272: 6612: 6509:"Loi sur les collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel (L.R.Q., c. C-29)" 5818:"Comparaison interprovinciale et analyse de l'administration publique au Canada" 5038: 3697:, the ruling party, Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), secured 90 seats out of 125. 3642:, who would attack the perceived ambiguity of the referendum question through a 3548:, with Western conservatives voting Reform, Quebec conservatives voting for the 8340: 8319: 7635: 5718:"Bureaux du Québec au Canada - Secrétariat du Québec aux relations canadiennes" 5231: 5039:"The Westminster Approach to Prorogation, Dissolution and Fixed Date Elections" 4849:

centers, private colleges, public colleges (CEGEPs), and private universities.

4818: 4592: 4527: 4426: 4207: 4136: 3937: 3750: 3608: 3412: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3257: 3245: 1395: 1109: 8102: 5556:"Le premier ministre énonce sa vision et crée une commission spéciale d'étude" 5401:"Parties reach agreement in principle to give PQ and QS official party status" 5135: 2600:

Elections to the National Assembly of Quebec (1976–2018) – seats won by party

731:

has a social contract with Québécois to ensure the transparency of the state.

8413: 8162: 6797: 5230:(4 ed.). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 3. Archived from 4910: 4838: 4499: 4464:

that are the main interlocutors in foreign countries. In matters relating to

4406: 3658: 3244:

In reaction to events in Quebec and formal demands of the Lesage government,

910: 634: 439: 253: 215: 4716:

Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail

3669:

Return of Quebec Autonomy movement and Rise of Coalition Avenir Québec 2018–

914: 8363: 7930: 7464: 7441: 4865:

Quebec is a participating government in the international organization the

4664: 4612: 4546: 4320: 3719: 3653: 3557: 3552:, and Ontario and Western Montreal voters putting the Liberal Party led by 3533: 3425: 3303: 3275:

which made French and English official languages and guaranteed linguistic

3264: 467: 404: 371: 3757:

is based on shared civic values, and reject nationalism defined solely on

894: 631:

various awards that are named for and presented by the lieutenant governor

7935: 7117: 4584: 4469: 4354: 4183:

Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif/Parti social démocratique du Québec

4144: 3754: 3722:

are therefore present in most major parties, creating internal tensions.

3647: 3359: 2580: 2536: 2532: 435: 412: 266: 229: 186: 143: 5692: 5087: 4918: 4409:, for representing itself and defending its interests in Canada: one in 3219: 1100:, guarantees for the maintenance of its language and religion under the 8058: 7640: 6839: 5193: 4626: 4551: 4465: 4399: 4152: 3861: 3742: 3715: 3561: 3327: 3276: 2528: 2512: 2504: 1113: 1101: 163: 5978: 4246:

Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec/Parti de la Democratie Socialiste

8358: 7587: 7324: 6867: 6576: 6562: 5149:. Quebec City: l'Association québécoise de droit constitutionnel: 144 4596: 1069:– Sovereignists 23.06%, Federalists 45.40%, Autonomist/Others 30.84% 1063:– Sovereignists 30.22%, Federalists 54.65%, Autonomist/Others 14.84% 1057:– Sovereignists 41.37%, Federalists 33.78%, Autonomist/Others 22.83% 1027:– Sovereignists 42.87%, Federalists 43.55%, Autonomist/Others 11.81% 1021:– Sovereignists 33.24%, Federalists 45.99%, Autonomist/Others 19.24% 1015:– Sovereignists 31.99%, Federalists 36.93%, Autonomist/Others 30.84% 1009:– Sovereignists 38.95%, Federalists 44.25%, Autonomist/Others 16.37% 1003:– Sovereignists 39.87%, Federalists 31.20%, Autonomist/Others 27.05% 997:– Sovereignists 33.01%, Federalists 41.52%, Autonomist/Others 23.05% 991:– Sovereignists 33.16%, Federalists 27.96%, Autonomist/Others 37.42% 985:– Sovereignists 30.04%, Federalists 27.28%, Autonomist/Others 40.98% 354: 6457:"Loi sur la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (L.R.Q., c. R-5)" 6003: 5545:. English.republiquelibre.org (2011-01-29). Retrieved on 2013-07-12. 5221:

Berezovsky, Eugene (2009). Staff of Canadian Monarchist News (ed.).

1075:– Sovereignists 8.76%, Federalists 47.29%, Autonomist/Others 43.95% 1051:– Sovereignists 49.26%, Federalists 46.07%, Autonomist/Others 4.00% 1045:– Sovereignists 38.69%, Federalists 55.99%, Autonomist/Others 3.45% 1039:– Sovereignists 40.16%, Federalists 53.64%, Autonomist/Others 3.21% 1033:– Sovereignists 44.75%, Federalists 44.40%, Autonomist/Others 6.46% 391:

are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other

35: 7597: 7537: 4767:

Quebec's health and social services network is administered by the

4755:

Ministère de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles du Québec

4695: 4381: 4090: 3942: 3444: 3382: 874: 861:

The territory of Quebec is divided into 17 administrative regions:

7789: 6548: 5196:"Awards Program > Lieutenant Governor of Québec Awards Program" 4687: 7386: 6673: 6564:

Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse

5224:$ 1.52 per Canadian: The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy 5017: 4519: 4422: 4418: 4410: 3416: 1132:

to formally secularize the school system along linguistic lines.

748:

Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse

6287:"Charte des droits et libertés de la personne (L.R.Q., c. C-12)" 5282:

Supreme Court of Canada. Boucher v. the King, S.C.R. 265. p. 305

4682: 3951:

of the 1830s. Their ideological origins can be found within the

7940: 7820: 6483:"Loi sur le Conseil supérieur de l'éducation (L.R.Q., c. C-60)" 5953: 4663:

with the Quebec government in order to protect forests against

4430: 4361: 3306:" with a strong federal government founded on shared values of 878: 623:

Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

408: 6030:"Revenu Québec - Basic Rules for Applying the GST/HST and QST" 1081:– Sovereignists, Federalists 56.40%, Autonomist/Others 42.15% 666:

The government is constituted by the majority party and it is

446:, which has 125 members. Government is conducted based on the 5780:"Allocution du ministre de l'Éducation, M. Paul Gérin-Lajoie" 5697:

Les premiers ministres des provinces et territoires du Canada

5379:"PQ and QS to get official party status in National Assembly" 4882: 4405:

Quebec possesses a network of three offices, each led by one

4296:("Electoral Law of Quebec"). Other notable examples include: 3644:

Supreme Court reference on the unilateral secession of Quebec

2511:

in the 1930s. This political lineage dates back to the 1850s

1096:

When Quebec became one of the four founding provinces of the

786: 4611:

regulations since 1978. Faced with the problem of expanding

4460:

coordinates guiding principles in international policy, its

4278:

judicial judgments and legislative documents, including the

3749:. They embrace the liberalism held by former Prime Minister 651:

The National Assembly is part of a legislature based on the

5911:"La "base climatosceptique" bel et bien présente au Québec" 4705:

Ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale du Québec

4511: 4507: 734: 6600: 3815:

successfully won over most of Quebec population since the

3263:

In 1968, Trudeau was elected Prime Minister on a wave of "

2645: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2609: 2033: 2021: 2014: 1603: 1175: 1165: 1150: 458: 6543: 5928: 4618:

Commission de protection du territoire agricole du Québec

4323:

reaffirmed three of Quebec society's fundamental values:

3346:

During the 1960s, a violent terrorist group known as the

617:.) The lieutenant governor is also expected to undertake 4762: 4554:(United States), according to the Government of Quebec. 4518:

and was the first to see the hydroelectric potential of

3916:). Sovereigntists find their ideological origins in the 774:

for a comparison with other jurisdictions in the world.

5114: 752: 633:, which were reinstated in 2000 by Lieutenant Governor 6503: 6477: 6451: 6425: 6399: 6373: 6347: 6307: 6281: 6255: 4076: 856: 4602: 4437:

effectively with the other provinces of the country.

3302:

Trudeau's vision was to create a Constitution for a "

670:

to the National Assembly. Since the abolition of the

5475:"Quebec voters mull separation from the separatists" 5257:"Quebec gives thumbs down to Shariah law | CBC News" 5081: 4900: 4841:

studies include : the public university of the

4494: 4398:, which allows it to participate proactively in the 3334:. This government also repealed Canada's race-based 1588: 803: 6841:

Politics of the provinces and territories of Canada

5642:"Grandeur et misère de l'utopie bilingue au Canada" 581:In Canada, lieutenant governor is appointed by the 514:

determines the date of the coming general elections

60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6405:"Loi sur les normes du travail (L.R.Q., c. N-1.1)" 5441: 4445:Quebec's international policy is founded upon the 3254:Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism 959:to amend Article 93 of the Constitution Act 1867. 625:. The lieutenant governor presents numerous other 6313:"Charte de la langue française (L.R.Q., c. C-11)" 6008:ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale 5376: 4536:Société des établissements de plein air du Québec 3976:List of political parties in Canada § Quebec 3924:'s short-lived precursor to the Parti Québécois. 3326:Justice Minister in 1967, he eliminated Canada's 777: 8411: 6106:"Quebec business taxes highest in North America" 5822:École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP) 5084:"Why does the Governor General give the Speech?" 3822: 3445:1980 referendum and the Constitution Act of 1982 3383:Sovereigntists elected and the Anglophone exodus 1988:, the Quiet Revolution and Pre-National Assembly 816:The principal judicial courts of Québec are the 488:enacts the laws adopted by the National Assembly 442:, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and the 5593:"Résolution de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec" 5466: 4364:, as well as a motion on May 22, 2008, citing: 3796: 1128:requested an amendment under provisions of the 333:Premier (as President of the Executive Council) 6225: 6136:"Quebec's debt 'worryingly high', report says" 4860: 4806:Ministère de la Famille et des Aînés du Québec 4650:Société de protection des forêts contre le feu 4489:Organisation internationale de la francophonie 3239: 2640: 2633: 2026: 2009: 2002: 1170: 1160: 1155: 7805: 7340: 6825: 6659: 5824:. L'observatoire de l'administration publique 5194:Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec. 5067:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMacLeod2008 ( 4683:Employment, taxation and immigration policies 3341: 2570: 2523:in English Canada. Under his government, the 5198:. Éditeur officiel du Québec. Archived from 5119:. Éditeur officiel du Québec. Archived from 5086:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from 4832: 4826: 4804: 4778: 4772: 4753: 4732:takes the majority of its revenue through a 4709: 4703: 4643: 4616: 4291: 4285: 4279: 3883:expressed similar sentiments as a student. 3843: 3469: 3081: 3043: 3005: 2963: 2925: 2883: 2811: 2743: 2698: 2486: 2341: 2306: 2271: 2237: 2203: 2145: 2078: 1867: 1837: 1811: 1780: 1750: 1714: 1642: 1425: 1392: 1364: 1331: 1276: 1217: 609:. Not among them, though, is delivering the 5524:. Directeur général des élections du Québec 5433: 5171:. St. John Ambulance Canada. Archived from 5008:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 4852:In 2012, the annual cost for postsecondary 4834:Conseil supérieure de l'Education du Québec 4780:agences de la santé et des services sociaux 4673:Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 4621:(CPTAQ) is the main guarantor. The city of 4216:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale 3953:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale 3220:René Lévesque and "Sovereignty-Association" 7812: 7798: 7347: 7333: 6832: 6818: 6666: 6652: 5472: 5220: 4815:Ministry of Education and Higher Education 4607:Agriculture in Quebec has been subject to 4485:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie 3980: 787:Quebec Commission on Access to Information 6862: 5423:"Quebec's historic 2022 election results" 5143:Revue québécoise de droit constitutionnel 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 6601:Quebec English School Boards Association 5668:"Loi sur les langues officielles (1969)" 5082:Government of Canada (4 December 2015). 4963:List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition 4686: 4677:Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources 4498: 4346:In addition, Quebec defines itself as a 3497:Québécois, by then led by sovereigntist 735:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission 457: 6076: 5908: 5448:. James Lorimer & Company. p. 5377:Presse Canadienne (November 22, 2018). 5336:"Thank you, Montreal! Thank you, Rene!" 5133: 5062: 4777:(RLS; 'local service networks') and 18 4440: 3786:have adopted aspects of this position. 3773:, immigrants, and aboriginal groups in 3463:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 3435:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 978:Voting patterns break down as follows: 759:Office Québécois de la Langue Française 605:The lieutenant governor is tasked with 519:Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) 14: 8412: 7543:Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec 7354: 5439: 5403:. CTV news Montreal. November 22, 2018 5359:. Marianopolis College. 23 August 2000 4786:Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec 4769:Ministry of Health and Social Services 4711:Régime québécois d'assurance parentale 4284:("Law on the National Assembly"), the 3765:culture. They defend the need for the 3736: 3267:". In 1969, his government instituted 576: 573:of the premier and Executive Council. 558: 7793: 7328: 7115: 6861: 6813: 6647: 6275: 6116:from the original on October 31, 2012 5036: 4828:Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur 4763:Health, social and education policies 4456:, formulated in 1965. While Quebec's 4121: 2563:, as in the first scenes of the film 7558:Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec 6849:This article is part of the series: 6327: 6301: 5136:"In Search of a Quebec Constitution" 4514:. He successfully put an end to the 4302:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 3969: 3854: 3700: 2499:party emerged from the ashes of the 1085: 753:Québec Office of the French language 741:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 695: 640: 511:and the heads of public corporations 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 7819: 6431:"Code du travail (L.R.Q., c. C-27)" 6142:from the original on April 10, 2014 6103: 6062:. Statistics Canada. Archived from 4458:Ministry of International Relations 4077:Other recognized provincial parties 3927: 3840:were both ultimately unsuccessful. 2542:books banned by the Catholic Church 857:Municipal and regional institutions 721: 453: 24: 7583:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec 6614:Tribunal des droits de la personne 6550:La Politique québécoise sur le Web 6261:"Loi électorale (L.R.Q., c E-3.3)" 6228:"Ténacité des étudiants québécois" 6085:from the original on April 8, 2014 5874:"Québec fixe sa cible à 20 %" 5473:Kheiriddin, Tasha (Apr 25, 2011). 5338:. National Post. November 18, 2006 5317:. CBC Television. February 7, 2012 4603:Agricultural and forestry policies 4394:The Quebec premier is part of the 4290:("Law on the Executive"), and the 4266: 4261: 4097:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec 3918:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association 973: 811: 627:provincial honours and decorations 600: 240:President of the National Assembly 25: 8436: 6544:Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec 6527: 6077:Kozhaya, Norma (March 11, 2004). 5108: 4869:, which can be seen as a sort of 4495:Environmental and energy policies 4480:in intergovernmental relations). 4372: 3959:, a founding organization of the 3886: 1589:Early 20th century or Liberal Era 962: 804:Chief electoral officer of Québec 7385: 6791: 6778: 6777: 6628:Tribunal administratif du Québec 5909:Carabin, François (2019-10-02). 5013:Reference re Secession of Quebec 4917: 4903: 4341:separation of State and religion 4129:Château Clique/Parti bureaucrate 3256:in 1963. Pearson also recruited 943: 462:Organization of powers in Québec 438:— the Parliament of Quebec — is 142: 34: 7116: 6634:L'État québécois en perspective 6497: 6471: 6445: 6419: 6393: 6367: 6341: 6249: 6219: 6191: 6182: 6154: 6128: 6097: 6081:. Montreal Economic Institute. 6070: 6052: 6022: 5996: 5971: 5946: 5921: 5902: 5891: 5866: 5836: 5810: 5791:. 12 April 1965. Archived from 5772: 5760: 5735: 5710: 5685: 5660: 5634: 5598: 5586: 5574: 5548: 5536: 5522:"Référendum du 30 octobre 1995" 5514: 5497: 5415: 5393: 5370: 5349: 5328: 5307: 5298: 5285: 5276: 5263: 5249: 4669:Union des producteurs agricoles 4200:Ralliement créditiste du Québec 3807:The Quebec autonomists are pro- 1135: 1106:British North America Act, 1867 840:Human Rights Tribunal of Quebec 607:a number of governmental duties 535: 45:needs additional citations for 27:Politics of a Canadian province 6335:"Code civil du Québec, L.R.Q." 5214: 5187: 5161: 5127: 5102: 5075: 5056: 5030: 4530:regarding climate change. The 4329:equality between men and women 4308:Charter of the French language 4254:Union des forces progressistes 4115:New Democratic Party of Quebec 4035:New Democratic Party of Canada 3613:Union des forces progressistes 3542:Progressive Conservative Party 3402:Charter of the French Language 938:regional county municipalities 932:Inside the regions, there are 778:Council on the Status of Women 764:Charter of the French Language 13: 1: 7548:Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec 6639:Canadian Governments Compared 6590:Office de la langue française 6557:Conseil du statut de la femme 6226:Pascale Dufour (2012-06-01). 5767:"Bureaux du Québec au Canada" 5357:"The Language Laws of Quebec" 5115:National Assembly of Quebec. 5046:Canadian Parliamentary Review 5023: 4572:, the James Bay Project, the 4281:Loi sur l'Assemblée Nationale 4137:Parti canadien/Parti patriote 3985: 3823:Federalist Quebec nationalism 3725: 3624:Action démocratique du Québec 3538:Action démocratique du Québec 3395:led by René Lévesque win the 3348:Front de libération du Québec 2967:Action démocratique du Québec 903:Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine 681: 565:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 544: 480:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 7698:2012 Quebec student protests 7631:2012 Quebec general election 7626:2014 Quebec general election 7621:2018 Quebec general election 7616:2022 Quebec general election 7531:Parti conservateur du Québec 6577:The Courts of Quebec Website 6539:Government of Quebec Website 5444:Our Lives: Canada After 1945 4794:centres de la petite enfance 4462:Quebec's general delegations 4160:Conservative Party of Quebec 4056:Conservative Party of Canada 4021:Conservative Party of Quebec 3797:Federalist Quebec autonomism 3784:Conservative Party of Canada 2501:Conservative Party of Quebec 1079:1962 Quebec general election 1073:1966 Quebec general election 1067:1970 Quebec general election 1061:1973 Quebec general election 1055:1976 Quebec general election 1049:1981 Quebec general election 1043:1985 Quebec general election 1037:1989 Quebec general election 1031:1994 Quebec general election 1025:1998 Quebec general election 1019:2003 Quebec general election 1013:2007 Quebec general election 1007:2008 Quebec general election 1001:2012 Quebec general election 995:2014 Quebec general election 989:2018 Quebec general election 983:2022 Quebec general election 507:appoints the members of the 7: 7641:Referendums on independence 7377:Former lieutenant-governors 6534:National Assembly of Quebec 5583:(consulted 7 November 2008) 5315:"Five years after Bill 101" 5117:"Parliament and Government" 4978:Political parties in Quebec 4973:National Assembly of Quebec 4938:Political culture of Canada 4896: 4861:International organizations 4728:When it comes to taxation, 4645:Bureau du forestier en chef 4224:Parti républicain du Québec 3782:, although elements of the 3592:declaration of independence 3240:Pierre Trudeau's liberalism 3116: 3080: 3042: 3004: 2962: 2924: 2882: 2810: 2742: 2697: 2377: 2340: 2305: 2270: 2236: 2202: 2144: 2077: 1893: 1866: 1836: 1810: 1779: 1749: 1713: 1641: 1484: 1456: 1424: 1391: 1363: 1330: 1275: 1216: 1104:of 1774 formed part of the 702:Executive Council of Quebec 647:National Assembly of Quebec 10: 8441: 8285:Notable people from Quebec 7414:Premiers by time in office 6877:Sovereign in the provinces 6505:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6479:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6453:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6427:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6401:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6375:Les Publications du Québec 6349:Les Publications du Québec 6309:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6283:Éditeur officiel du Québec 6257:Éditeur officiel du Québec 5983:forestierenchef.gouv.qc.ca 5560:Premier ministre du Québec 4988:Timeline of Quebec history 4774:réseaux locaux de services 4661:public-private partnership 4504:Louis-Alexandre Taschereau 4483:Quebec is a member of the 4270: 4191:Parti ouvrier-progressiste 4027: 3973: 3847: 3800: 3771:English-speaking Quebecers 3729: 3571: 3473: 3397:Quebec provincial election 3342:FLQ and the October Crisis 3117: 2579:government led by Premier 2571:Quiet Revolution 1960–1966 2517:Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine 2378: 1894: 1485: 1457: 1089: 947: 838:On December 10, 1990, the 745: 699: 685: 644: 562: 548: 499: 477: 8376: 8305: 8245: 8141: 8132: 8088: 8079: 8031:Leaders of the Opposition 8003: 7994: 7962: 7953: 7913: 7840: 7831: 7706: 7661: 7606: 7573:Parti culinaire du Québec 7501: 7478: 7455: 7447:Former Opposition Leaders 7432: 7394: 7383: 7362: 7284: 7202: 7124: 7111: 7029: 7001: 6938: 6875: 6857: 6847: 6773: 6747: 6714:Newfoundland and Labrador 6686: 5929:"Bienvenue sur Québec.ca" 5672:L'Encyclopédie Canadienne 5562:. Québec. 8 February 2007 5508:October 15, 2006, at the 5291:Supreme Court of Canada. 5269:Supreme Court of Canada. 4943:Council of the Federation 4811:Quebec's education system 4396:Council of the Federation 4167:Action libérale nationale 3844:Sovereignism (separatism) 3505:in Western Canada led by 3486:Progressive Conservatives 3470:Meech Lake Accord of 1987 3362:was kidnapped along with 2509:Action libérale nationale 2487:Duplessis years 1936–1959 2241:Parti social démocratique 1754:Action libérale nationale 377: 367: 360: 353: 345: 337: 329: 319: 312: 304: 290: 283: 259: 252: 245: 235: 221: 211: 192: 185: 175: 155: 141: 134: 6607:Tribunal des professions 5134:Wiseman, Nelson (2009). 4953:Quebec general elections 4384:life in different ways. 4293:Loi électorale du Québec 4193:/Labor-Progressive Party 4070:People's Party of Canada 3586:under the leadership of 3584:1994 provincial election 3526:Progressive Conservative 3047:Parti national populaire 1333:Independent Conservative 619:various ceremonial roles 587:prime minister of Canada 7707:Other Canadian politics 7516:Parti libéral du Québec 7511:Coalition Avenir Québec 7493:Government House Leader 7457:Speaker of the Assembly 5271:Roncarelli v. Duplessis 4968:List of Quebec senators 4958:List of Quebec premiers 4871:Commonwealth of Nations 4813:is administered by the 4771:. It is composed of 95 4377:Quebec participates in 4049:Liberal Party of Canada 4007:Coalition Avenir Québec 3981:Major political parties 3877:Égalité ou indépendance 3813:Coalition Avenir Québec 3780:Liberal Party of Canada 3683:Quebec Autonomist Party 3679:Coalition Avenir Québec 3455:sovereignty-association 3431:Supreme Court of Canada 3318:ideals, and, later on, 3230:sovereignty-association 2702:Coalition Avenir Québec 867:Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean 585:, on the advice of the 401:parliamentary democracy 397:constitutional monarchy 170:constitutional monarchy 7424:Government departments 6242: 6079:"Soaking 'les riches'" 5954:"CPTAQ : Accueil" 5788:Gouvernement du Québec 5769:(consulted April 2021) 5440:Finkel, Alvin (1997). 5427:www.federalretirees.ca 4833: 4827: 4805: 4779: 4773: 4754: 4734:progressive income tax 4710: 4704: 4699: 4644: 4617: 4587:also sees modest use. 4563:Manic-Outardes project 4523: 4389:Official Languages Act 4370: 4292: 4286: 4280: 3829:Canadian confederation 3789:The social-democratic 3646:in 1998 and draft the 3574:1995 Quebec referendum 3451:1980 Quebec referendum 3273:Official Languages Act 1130:Constitution Act, 1982 1118:Constitution Act, 1867 1098:Canadian Confederation 676:Constitution of Canada 524:are elected using the 491:has the power to veto. 463: 180:Constitution of Canada 149:Coat of arms of Quebec 8280:Language demographics 7568:Parti indépendantiste 7563:Parti unité nationale 6755:Northwest Territories 6679:province or territory 6232:Le Monde diplomatique 5123:on February 23, 2010. 5037:Hicks, Bruce (2012). 4738:equalization payments 4690: 4543:Copenhagen conference 4502: 4447:Gérin-Lajoie doctrine 4366: 4103:Parti Unité Nationale 4063:Green Party of Canada 3875:ran on a platform of 3747:Canadian constitution 3687:official party status 3622:Mario Dumont and the 3572:Further information: 3474:Further information: 3459:Canadian Constitution 3332:Divorce Act of Canada 3285:Canadian Constitution 3269:Official Bilingualism 3009:Ralliement creditiste 2575:In 1960, under a new 2275:Ralliement creditiste 1116:religions. Under the 891:Abitibi-Témiscamingue 461: 8425:Government in Quebec 8026:Lieutenant Governors 7593:Parti vert du Québec 6940:Lieutenant Governors 6729:Prince Edward Island 5958:www.cptaq.gouv.qc.ca 5880:(in Canadian French) 4998:Quebec sovereigntism 4891:World March of Women 4843:University of Quebec 4659:(SOPFEU) works in a 4625:is the agricultural 4441:International policy 4314:Civil Code of Quebec 4084:Parti vert du Québec 3993:Quebec Liberal Party 3838:Charlottetown Accord 3803:Autonomism in Quebec 3791:New Democratic Party 3515:Charlottetown Accord 3466:in the early 1980s. 957:Parliament of Canada 907:Chaudière-Appalaches 688:Government of Quebec 551:Parliament of Quebec 69:"Politics of Quebec" 54:improve this article 8354:Saint-Jean-Baptiste 8270:Demographic history 8008:Electoral districts 7914:Historic identities 7636:Electoral districts 7364:Lieutenant Governor 6104:Marotte, Bertrand. 6034:www.revenuquebec.ca 5979:"Forestier en chef" 5747:www.sqrc.gouv.qc.ca 5722:www.sqrc.gouv.qc.ca 5622:on December 4, 2008 4876:General delegations 4847:vocational training 4609:agricultural zoning 4474:popular sovereignty 4232:Ralliement national 4132:(pre-Confederation) 3850:Quebec Sovereignism 3737:Canadian Liberalism 3693:In the 2022 Quebec 3358:Trade commissioner 3293:Victoria conference 3228:was created by the 2601: 2546:Jehovah's Witnesses 1994: 1813:Independent Liberal 1595: 1366:Independent Liberal 1142: 950:Education in Quebec 672:Legislative Council 661:first-past-the-post 577:Constitutional role 559:Lieutenant Governor 526:first-past-the-post 474:Lieutenant Governor 417:Lieutenant Governor 341:Lieutenant Governor 308:Lieutenant Governor 278:Lieutenant Governor 226:Parliament Building 8420:Politics of Quebec 8255:Indigenous peoples 8041:National Assembly 8013:Executive Council 7926:Province of Quebec 7850:Prehistory to 1533 7691:Quebec sovereignty 7669:Quebec nationalism 7553:Équipe autonomiste 7356:Politics of Quebec 6851:Politics of Canada 6675:Politics of Canada 6620:2011-03-10 at the 6582:2014-10-27 at the 6570:2006-01-08 at the 6066:on March 12, 2009. 5581:"Société de droit" 5485:on 30 January 2013 5381:. Montreal Gazette 4993:Quebec nationalism 4933:Politics of Canada 4887:World Social Forum 4700: 4524: 4287:Loi sur l'éxecutif 4273:Quebec nationalism 4122:Historical parties 4109:Affiliation Quebec 3767:federal government 3439:Ford v Quebec (AG) 3250:Liberal government 2599: 2561:The Great Darkness 1992: 1986:La grande noirceur 1784:Ligue nationaliste 1593: 1140: 871:Capitale-Nationale 653:Westminster System 464: 393:Canadian provinces 389:politics of Quebec 285:Head of government 187:Legislative branch 136:Politics of Quebec 8407: 8406: 8372: 8371: 8348:La Belle Province 8128: 8127: 8075: 8074: 8049:Political parties 8021:General elections 7990: 7989: 7949: 7948: 7787: 7786: 7684:Quebec autonomism 7679:Quebec federalism 7674:National question 7503:Political parties 7434:Opposition Leader 7322: 7321: 7304:Political culture 7289:Foreign relations 7280: 7279: 7107: 7106: 6807: 6806: 6798:Canada portal 6040:on August 7, 2016 5859:978-2-550-53375-7 5648:. 6 February 2018 5595:, 30 October 2003 5479:The National Post 5175:on 4 October 2009 5003:Quebec federalism 4983:History of Quebec 4516:Grande Hémorragie 4086:(Green Party/PVQ) 3970:Political parties 3949:Patriote movement 3873:Daniel Johnson Sr 3866:Meech Lake Accord 3855:Soft nationalists 3834:Meech Lake Accord 3732:Quebec federalism 3707:National Question 3701:National Question 3544:collapsed in the 3476:Meech Lake Accord 3316:social democratic 3308:individual rights 3217: 3216: 2493:Maurice Duplessis 2484: 2483: 1982: 1981: 1586: 1585: 1092:History of Quebec 1086:Political history 863:Bas-Saint-Laurent 772:language policies 716:Premier of Québec 696:Executive Council 641:National Assembly 591:royal prerogative 502:Premier of Quebec 448:Westminster model 444:National Assembly 385: 384: 324:Executive Council 236:Presiding officer 203:National Assembly 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 8432: 8392: 8385: 8295:English-speaking 8260:Census divisions 8139: 8138: 8086: 8085: 8067: 8066:(administrative) 8044: 8016: 8001: 8000: 7960: 7959: 7921:Colony of Canada 7838: 7837: 7814: 7807: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7521:Québec solidaire 7488:Current assembly 7404:François Legault 7389: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7113: 7112: 6859: 6858: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6811: 6810: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6781: 6780: 6699:British Columbia 6668: 6661: 6654: 6645: 6644: 6596:Quebec Ombudsman 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6337:28 October 2011. 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6253: 6236: 6235: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6203: 6195: 6189: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6036:. Archived from 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5906: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5851: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5797: 5784: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5621: 5615:. Archived from 5610: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5552: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5518: 5512: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5481:. Archived from 5470: 5464: 5463: 5447: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5343: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5293:Saumur v. Quebec 5289: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5202:on 29 April 2010 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5140: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5090:on 26 April 2018 5079: 5073: 5072: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5043: 5034: 4927: 4922: 4921: 4913: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4836: 4831:(CEGEP) and the 4830: 4808: 4802: 4782: 4776: 4757: 4750:interculturalism 4743:Fraser Institute 4724: 4713: 4707: 4675:(MAPAQ) and the 4658: 4647: 4641: 4633:Quebec's forests 4620: 4582: 4571: 4455: 4387:Since 1969, the 4295: 4289: 4283: 4014:Québec Solidaire 3957:Pierre Bourgault 3928:Indépendantistes 3712:Social democrats 3695:general election 3617:Québec solidaire 3588:Jacques Parizeau 3499:Jacques Parizeau 3491:distinct society 3417:Toronto, Ontario 3372:War Measures Act 3320:multiculturalism 3281:multiculturalism 2887:Québec solidaire 2602: 2598: 2585:Quiet Revolution 1995: 1991: 1596: 1592: 1143: 1139: 927:Centre-du-Québec 833:Paule Lafontaine 728:Quebec Ombudsman 722:Quebec Ombudsman 712:Premier ministre 657:Constitutionally 583:governor general 454:Political system 299:François Legault 247:Executive branch 146: 132: 131: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8429: 8410: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8368: 8335:Iris versicolor 8301: 8241: 8232:Public holidays 8210:List of writers 8124: 8071: 8065: 8042: 8014: 7986: 7977:Protected areas 7945: 7909: 7827: 7818: 7788: 7783: 7702: 7657: 7602: 7578:Parti équitable 7526:Parti Québécois 7497: 7474: 7470:Former Speakers 7451: 7428: 7409:Former premiers 7390: 7381: 7372:J. Michel Doyon 7358: 7353: 7323: 7318: 7314:Politics portal 7276: 7198: 7120: 7103: 7025: 6997: 6934: 6871: 6853: 6843: 6838: 6808: 6803: 6792: 6790: 6769: 6743: 6682: 6672: 6622:Wayback Machine 6584:Wayback Machine 6572:Wayback Machine 6530: 6525: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6476: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6346: 6342: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6239: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6075: 6071: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6010:. Emploi Québec 6004:"Emploi-Québec" 6002: 6001: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5892: 5883: 5881: 5878:Radio-Canada.ca 5872: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5825: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5510:Wayback Machine 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5471: 5467: 5460: 5438: 5434: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5375: 5371: 5362: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5341: 5339: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5320: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5268: 5264: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5138: 5132: 5128: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5041: 5035: 5031: 5026: 4925:Politics portal 4923: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4863: 4796: 4765: 4718: 4692:Adélard Godbout 4685: 4652: 4635: 4623:Saint-Hyacinthe 4605: 4576: 4574:Romaine project 4565: 4506:, Premier from 4497: 4449: 4443: 4415:Atlantic Canada 4375: 4333:the primacy of 4275: 4269: 4267:National policy 4264: 4262:Public policies 4175:Union Nationale 4124: 4079: 4030: 4000:Parti Québécois 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3961:Parti Québécois 3934:successor state 3930: 3902:1995 referendum 3898:1980 referendum 3889: 3881:Lucien Bouchard 3857: 3852: 3846: 3825: 3817:Union Nationale 3805: 3799: 3775:northern Quebec 3763:French Canadian 3739: 3734: 3728: 3703: 3671: 3634:Prime Minister 3596:Lucien Bouchard 3580:Parti Québécois 3576: 3570: 3522:Lucien Bouchard 3507:Preston Manning 3482:Robert Bourassa 3478: 3472: 3447: 3421:Quebec diaspora 3393:Parti Québécois 3389:Robert Bourassa 3385: 3377:Parti Québécois 3368:Robert Bourassa 3344: 3336:immigration law 3297:Robert Bourassa 3242: 3226:Parti Québécois 3222: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3121: 2929:Union Nationale 2868: 2851: 2844: 2831: 2824: 2815:Parti Québécois 2800: 2790: 2780: 2767: 2760: 2738: 2597: 2573: 2565:Maurice Richard 2557:Grande Noirceur 2551:Union Nationale 2497:Union Nationale 2489: 2478: 2469: 2460: 2451: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2388: 2310:Parti Québécois 2198: 2185: 2178: 2159: 2135: 2122: 2115: 2108: 2101: 2091: 2082:Union Nationale 1990: 1977: 1968: 1959: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1914: 1905: 1709: 1702: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1591: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1554: 1545: 1536: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1491: 1326: 1319: 1309: 1302: 1266: 1252: 1242: 1235: 1228: 1138: 1126:Lucien Bouchard 1122:Parti Québécois 1094: 1088: 976: 974:Voting patterns 965: 952: 946: 859: 851:Jacques Forgues 826:Court of Appeal 818:Court of Quebec 814: 812:Judicial bodies 806: 789: 780: 755: 750: 737: 724: 704: 698: 690: 684: 649: 643: 603: 601:Ceremonial role 579: 567: 561: 553: 547: 538: 504: 482: 456: 362:Court of Appeal 355:Judicial branch 297: 276: 273:Manon Jeannotte 271: 270:represented by 269: 207: 151: 137: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:Quebec politics 15: 12: 11: 5: 8438: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8401: 8394: 8393: 8386: 8378: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8344: 8341:Je me souviens 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8311: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8297: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8251: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8213: 8212: 8202: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8193:Historic Sites 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8156:List of movies 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8103:Transportation 8100: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8010: 8004: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7972:National Parks 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7817: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7794: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7662:Current issues 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7507: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7484: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7467: 7461: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7438: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7400: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7384: 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6663: 6656: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6624: 6610: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6586: 6574: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6528:External links 6526: 6523: 6522: 6496: 6470: 6444: 6418: 6392: 6366: 6340: 6326: 6300: 6274: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6218: 6190: 6181: 6153: 6127: 6110:Globe and Mail 6096: 6069: 6051: 6021: 5995: 5970: 5945: 5920: 5901: 5890: 5865: 5858: 5835: 5809: 5771: 5759: 5734: 5709: 5684: 5659: 5633: 5597: 5585: 5573: 5547: 5535: 5513: 5496: 5465: 5458: 5432: 5414: 5392: 5369: 5348: 5327: 5306: 5297: 5284: 5275: 5262: 5248: 5237:on 7 July 2009 5213: 5186: 5160: 5126: 5107: 5101: 5074: 5055: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4948:État québécois 4945: 4940: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4914: 4898: 4895: 4862: 4859: 4825:schools), the 4764: 4761: 4684: 4681: 4604: 4601: 4593:global warming 4528:Kyoto Protocol 4496: 4493: 4442: 4439: 4427:Western Canada 4374: 4373:Federal policy 4371: 4344: 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3836:and the 1992 3835: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3720:conservatives 3717: 3713: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3675:2018 election 3666: 3662: 3660: 3659:snap election 3655: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640:Stéphane Dion 3637: 3636:Jean Chrétien 3633: 3632:Liberal Party 3628: 3625: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3554:Jean Chrétien 3551: 3547: 3546:1993 election 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3413:mother tongue 3410: 3405: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3289:Great Britain 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3255: 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Québec. 5802:17 January 5566:6 November 5459:1550285513 5363:2012-12-14 5342:2012-12-14 5321:2012-12-14 5024:References 4627:technopole 4552:California 4466:Quebec law 4417:), one in 4400:federation 4352:democratic 4153:Parti bleu 4016:party (QS) 3986:Provincial 3955:headed by 3743:status quo 3726:Federalism 3562:Sherbrooke 3433:under the 3328:sodomy law 3277:minorities 3248:'s ruling 2606:Government 2529:Protestant 2513:Parti bleu 2505:Paul Gouin 1999:Government 1600:Government 1147:Government 1114:Protestant 1102:Quebec Act 968:Sharia law 923:Montérégie 915:Lanaudière 682:Government 545:Parliament 440:unicameral 216:Unicameral 197:Parliament 80:newspapers 8359:Snowy owl 8290:Québécois 8275:Education 8178:Festivals 8015:(cabinet) 7955:Geography 7900:1960–1981 7895:1931–1959 7890:1900–1930 7885:1867–1999 7880:1841–1966 7875:1791–1840 7870:1760–1790 7865:1663–1759 7860:1608–1662 7855:1534–1607 7608:Elections 7588:Parti nul 7294:Judiciary 7204:Elections 6868:The Crown 6864:Executive 6687:Provinces 6515:8 January 6489:8 January 6463:8 January 6437:8 January 6411:8 January 6385:8 January 6089:March 15, 6014:8 January 5646:Le Devoir 4823:secondary 4597:petroleum 4583:, etc.). 4559:renewable 4382:political 3354:when the 3271:with the 895:Côte-Nord 887:Outaouais 338:Appointer 305:Appointer 291:Currently 260:Currently 162:within a 110:June 2008 8399:Category 8237:TV shows 8188:Heritage 8183:Folklore 8118:railways 8113:highways 8108:airports 8064:Regions 8054:Premiers 8036:Monarchy 7996:Politics 7842:Timeline 7825:articles 7598:Parti 51 7538:Bloc pot 7299:Monarchy 7031:Premiers 6784:Category 6704:Manitoba 6618:Archived 6580:Archived 6568:Archived 6511:. 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