31:
92:
eventually fell out of favour in the
English colonial empire due to a variety of reasons, including the gradual sociopolitical stabilisation of England's American colonies, the easing of bureaucratic difficulties in managing the colonies and increasing economic or administrative difficulties faced by
97:
sought to solidify their power and authority throughout the empire, and gradually converted all proprietary colonies to Crown colonies, which were administered by officials directly appointed by the Crown. By the 18th century, most former proprietary colonies had been converted into Crown colonies.
251:
for a sovereign to grant almost regal powers of government to the feudal lords of his border districts to prevent foreign invasion. Those districts or manors were often called palatinates or counties palatine because the lord wielded the power of the king in his palace. His power was regal in kind
259:
and lasted at least in part to 1830 for good reason: remoteness, poor communications, governance carried out under difficult circumstances. The monarch and the government retained their usual right to separate head and body, figuratively or literally, at any time. (See also the hereditary title
114:
in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of the crown. Proprietary governors had legal responsibilities over the colony as well as responsibilities to shareholders to ensure the security of their investments.
190:
which facilitated private investment and colonial self-government. The charters made the proprietor the effective ruler, albeit one ultimately responsible to
English Law and the King. Charles II gave the former Dutch colony
226:
of the United States of
America. By the time of the Revolution some had consolidated multiple grants, while others, such as conflicting claims to what became the state of
337:. Caltaux again became their proprietor from 1901 to his death. On 26 June 1960, the islands became a regular French possession, administered by the High Commissioner for
30:
110:, who, holding authority by virtue of a royal charter, usually exercised that authority almost as an independent sovereign. These colonies were distinct from
85:
by the Crown to establish overseas colonies. These proprietors were then granted the authority to select the governors and other officials in the colony.
322:
567:
369:
255:
That type of arrangement had caused many problems in Norman times for certain
English border counties. Those territories were known as
187:
159:
533:
The
American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century: The Proprietary Province in Its Earliest Form, the Corporate Colonies of New England
587:
230:
and the western borders of numerous states, including New York and
Virginia, as well as the sovereignty of what became the state of
572:
496:
Martinez, Albert J. "The
Palatinate Clause of the Maryland Charter, 1632-1776: From Independent Jurisdiction to Independence."
125:
Many never even visited the colonies they owned. By the early 18th century, nearly all of the proprietary colonies had either
325:(b. 1847–d. 1907), who was their proprietor from until 1891. It was only on 23 August 1892 that they were claimed for the
562:
342:
17:
186:
used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on
Britain itself. He offered his friends
582:
94:
119:
The proprietary system was a mostly inefficient system, in that the proprietors were, for the most part, like
58:
65:, which held ultimate authority over their management. All English colonies were divided by the Crown via
520:
2 (July 1896): 644–64; Part 495. vol 3 (October 1897): 31–55; Part III. vol 3 (January 1898): 244–65.
577:
511:
204:
354:
283:
326:
183:
359:
196:
173:
169:
35:
516:
Osgood, Herbert L. “The
Proprietary Province as a Form of Colonial Government.” Part I.
8:
307:
215:
78:
54:
547:
Constructing Early Modern
Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750
302:. In return, Dugua promised to bring 60 new colonists each year to what would be called
306:. In 1607, the monopoly was revoked, and the colony failed, but in 1608, he sponsored
275:
248:
364:
219:
120:
107:
318:
429:
David S. Lovejoy, "Equality and Empire The New York Charter of Liberties, 1683,"
384:
256:
211:
192:
50:
61:
established from the 17th century onwards, all land in the colonies belonged to
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70:
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consisted of 20 colonies on the continent's mainland. After the conflict,
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341:. On 3 January 2005, they were transferred to the administrators of the
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between 40° and 60° North. The King also gave Dugua a monopoly in the
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62:
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177:
165:
147:
227:
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or else had significant limitations placed on them by the crown.
82:
77:. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies (often
295:
46:
446:
Joseph E. Illick, "The Pennsylvania Grant: A Re-Evaluation,"
231:
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to his younger brother The Duke of York, who established the
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the exclusive right to colonize lands in North America at a
237:
294:
for those territories and named him Lieutenant General for
321:) were on 2 March 1880 settled and named by the Frenchman
180:
were initially established under the proprietary system.
69:
into one of three types of colony; proprietary colonies,
154:
British America colonies before the American Revolution
420:, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1904. Chapter IV
106:Proprietary colonies in America were governed by a
127:surrendered their charters to the crown to become
545:Roper, Louis H., and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, eds.
81:), known as proprietors, were granted commercial
554:
448:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
370:Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies
252:but inferior in degree to that of the king.
540:The Proprietary Province in Its Later Forms
38:, which was founded as a proprietary colony
160:Colonial charters in the Thirteen Colonies
238:Similar practices outside of English rule
234:in 1820, remained unresolved well after.
29:
418:History of the United States of America
247:In medieval times, it was customary in
242:
14:
555:
568:English colonization of the Americas
343:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
24:
508:Maryland as a proprietary province
490:
269:
176:and several other colonies in the
25:
599:
542:(Columbia University Press, 1930)
498:American Journal of Legal History
588:Governance of the British Empire
141:
573:Colonial government in America
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469:
456:
440:
423:
410:
13:
1:
404:
310:to open a colony at Quebec.
59:English overseas possessions
7:
522:part 1 online free at JSTOR
506:Mereness, Newton Dennison.
348:
136:
101:
10:
604:
563:Constitutional state types
518:American Historical Review
464:American Historical Review
431:William and Mary Quarterly
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53:which existed during the
450:(1962) 85#4 pp. 375-396
433:(1964) 21#4 pp. 493-515
205:Province of Pennsylvania
93:proprietors. Successive
355:English colonial empire
34:An illustration of the
583:History of colonialism
538:Osgood, Herbert Levi.
531:Osgood, Herbert Levi.
416:Elson, Henry William,
284:Pierre Du Gua de Monts
199:. He gave an area to
39:
27:Type of English colony
327:French Third Republic
79:joint-stock companies
33:
466:, July, 1897, p. 644
360:Proprietary governor
243:Historical precedent
214:colonies before the
203:who established the
197:Province of New York
43:Proprietary colonies
36:Province of Maryland
528:the standard survey
308:Samuel de Champlain
216:American Revolution
55:early modern period
249:Continental Europe
121:absentee landlords
95:English sovereigns
40:
18:Proprietary Colony
578:Colonial land law
500:(2008): 305–325.
365:Proprietary House
333:colony of French
329:, as part of the
323:Hippolyte Caltaux
257:counties palatine
188:colonial charters
16:(Redirected from
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485:
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476:
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444:
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427:
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319:Glorioso Islands
222:of those became
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71:charter colonies
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603:
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491:Further reading
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475:Martinez (2008)
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385:Lord proprietor
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315:ĂŽles Glorieuses
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270:French examples
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212:British America
193:New Netherlands
184:King Charles II
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108:lord proprietor
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51:English America
45:were a type of
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462:Osgood, H. L.
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280:King of France
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155:
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129:royal colonies
112:Crown colonies
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75:Crown colonies
67:royal charters
26:
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549:(Brill, 2007)
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142:The Caribbean
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90:indirect rule
88:This type of
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484:Roper (2007)
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380:Commonwealth
375:Crown colony
331:Indian Ocean
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201:William Penn
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42:
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557:Categories
405:References
335:Madagascar
300:New France
282:, granted
158:See also:
391:Donatário
292:fur trade
274:In 1603,
166:provinces
63:the Crown
502:in JSTOR
452:in JSTOR
435:in JSTOR
349:See also
288:latitude
276:Henry IV
263:marquess
220:thirteen
178:Americas
174:Carolina
170:Maryland
148:Barbados
137:Examples
102:Practice
83:charters
510:(1901)
339:RĂ©union
228:Vermont
535:(1930)
526:part 3
512:online
304:Acadie
296:Acadia
278:, the
224:states
47:colony
232:Maine
57:. In
313:The
298:and
210:The
164:The
73:and
266:.)
168:of
49:in
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524:,
345:.
207:.
172:,
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317:(
131:,
123:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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