1999:
3770:"Politburo Standing Committee" is the most commonly used name to refer to the body in English-language media. It is sometimes abbreviated PSC or PBSC (if "Politburo" is written as "Political Bureau"). It can also be referred to informally as simply the "Standing Committee". In its official English-language press releases, Chinese state media refers to the body by its lengthier, formal name, "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee". In turn, its members are officially referred to as "Members of Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee". These official forms are rarely used by English-language newspapers outside of mainland China.
356:
4893:
3605:
2009:
7488:
4203:
concealed in order to gain the broadest level of consensus, with Hu Jintao being a prime example. Various theories have been proposed, mostly by academic outside of mainland China, to discern the 'factions' within a
Standing Committee (often between "conservatives" and "reformers"), though in practice due to its opaque operations, faction membership has never been a hard-and-fast rule. Overly showy or high-profile 'campaigning' for the PSC, such as the actions of former Chongqing party secretary
4195:(七上八下; lit. "seven up, eight down"), referring to the fact that if a PSC member is 68 or older at the time of a party congress, he must retire, but if he is 67 or younger, he may still enter the committee. Recently, however, doubt has been cast over this "rule". A senior party cadre named Deng Maosheng, in a statement to state-run news agency Xinhua in October 2016, stated that "The strict boundaries of 'seven up, eight down' don’t exist. This is something from folklore, and cannot be trusted."
4907:
1982:
4921:
7440:
3906:
3816:
5801:
58:
4157:, rise in the Chinese political system and selection to the Standing Committee depends more on loyalty to powerful patrons than on ability. It was widely believed, for example, that the Standing Committee line-up of the 16th Party Congress included several members who were elevated based on their relationship with outgoing General Secretary Jiang Zemin, including, most notably,
4014:. On 6 October, Hua Guofeng called a PSC meeting ostensibly to discuss Mao's legacy and memorial arrangements, inviting the active PSC members to attend. Wang and Zhang were both arrested at the meeting and accused of "counter-revolutionary crimes". Thereafter, only Ye and Hua continued their official duties. A functioning PSC was not restored until 1977.
4186:
Since the late 1990s, nearly all PSC members have experience as a party chief of a province or a direct-controlled municipality. Of the 29 Standing
Committee members inaugurated to the body since 1997, only six individuals have not held regional party chief positions: Li Peng, Wen Jiabao, Li Lanqing,
4133:
to determine their support for the candidacy of new
Politburo and PSC members. These straw polls are not binding and instead reflect the evolving consensus of the group on a new member's candidacy. The Politburo may also conduct a straw poll of all incumbent Central Committee members on the candidacy
4128:
Selection of members is believed to be largely the result of high-level deliberations among incumbent members of the party's
Politburo and PSC as well as retired PSC members. Prospective candidates for membership in the PSC typically rely on individual members of this high level group to act as their
4115:
held in 2012, membership of the PSC was yet again reduced to seven members. The head of the
Political and Legal Affairs Commission did not feature in the new Standing Committee, neither did the vice-president. The positions of executive secretary of the Secretariat and that of "propaganda chief" were
4202:
term limits and relatively high turnover, with the vast majority of members serving for one or two terms. Since 1989, the only PSC member to have served more than three terms on the body was Hu Jintao, who served for four terms between 1992 and 2012. Policy views of ambitious aspirants are routinely
4098:
held in 2002, the
Standing Committee was expanded from seven to nine members. Some political observers speculated that the expansion was done in order to stack the new Standing Committee with loyalists of Jiang Zemin, though this characterization has been disputed. During Hu Jintao's term as General
4190:
Age is also key. For instance, since 1989, all
Standing Committee members have been at least 50 years old at the time of their appointment. Hu Jintao was 50 upon his appointment to the PSC at the 14th Party Congress in 1992. Xi Jinping was 54 and Li Keqiang was 52 at their appointment to the PSC at
4107:
died in June 2007, becoming the first sitting PSC member to die in office since 1976. His vacancy was not filled ostensibly because it was only a few months preceding a Party
Congress, making the body operate temporarily with an eight-member structure. The 17th Party Congress maintained roughly the
4226:
The following is a list of the historical composition of the
Standing Committee since the formation of the Standing Committee of the CCP's 4th Central Bureau in 1927. Starting from 1943, those ranked first have consistently held the title of Chairman or General Secretary of the CCP. The remaining
4182:
Seniority also played an important role. It was established convention that a member of the PSC must have served for at least one term on the
Politburo prior to entry to the PSC. However, this "rule" had been broken several times by those destined for party leader or the premiership, most notably
4022:
After taking power in 1978, one of the goals of Deng Xiaoping was to strengthen the power of the party and institutionalize bodies such as the Politburo and its Standing Committee. For much of the 1980s, the PSC was restored as the party's supreme decision-making body. The committee was again
3690:
elects the Politburo Standing Committee. In practice, however, this is only a formality. The method by which membership is determined has evolved over time. In turn, the Politburo chooses the Politburo Standing Committee through secretive negotiations. The Standing Committee functions as the
3767:) simply refers to a body that carries out the day-to-day affairs of its parent organ, in this case, the Politburo. The Politburo Standing Committee members are the center of political power in China. Organizationally below them are the Politburo, and then the Central Committee.
6678:
3994:, Zhu De, and Mao all died. Deng Xiaoping was purged. During this time the body lost any semblance of a functioning policy-making or executive organ, and it met only on an ad hoc basis. By Mao's death in September 1976, the only members who still attended meetings were
6888:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
3714:
The PSC is theoretically responsible to the Politburo, which is in turn responsible to the larger Central Committee. In practice, the Standing Committee is supreme over its parent bodies. Additionally, because China is a one-party state, Standing Committee decisions
3892:). Unlike most other Communist parties in the world modeled after the party of Lenin, the CCP formed a Standing Committee because the Politburo (normally the highest organ in a communist party) was considered too large and unwieldy to make decisions effectively.
4099:
Secretary (2002–2012), the PSC could be understood as a "leadership collective" or a "joint presidency"; that is, essentially a body operating on consensus that executes powers normally granted to a single officeholder. The 16th Party Congress also saw
4031:, though they made most of their decisions informally) for influence. Deng Xiaoping himself bridged the two bodies, and his informal clout translated to great political power personally. In 1987, Deng and other party elders ousted then General Secretary
4062:
The operation of the Standing Committee has remained largely stable since Tiananmen in 1989. The 1989 Plenum was the last occasion where a major reshuffle of the PSC occurred. At the 14th Party Congress in 1992, seven people – Jiang, Li Peng,
4027:, that is, decisions were to be made based on consensus, and, failing that, decisions are taken by majority vote; once a decision is taken the entire body speaks with one voice. However, the PSC competed with retired party elders (organized as the
3888:. During the early history of the CCP it was seen as the highest central body that was intended to carry out day-to-day work of the Party's Central Committee. It was composed of the top leadership figures of the larger Political Bureau (i.e., the
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
4183:
with Zhu Rongji and Hu Jintao in 1992, and Li Keqiang and Xi Jinping in 2007. Jiang Zemin was also in the middle of serving out his first term on the Politburo before he was suddenly made General Secretary and thus a member of the PSC in 1989.
6688:
6683:
1386:
5523:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4879:
4878:
7421:
4934:
535:
6064:
5391:
5167:
4191:
the 17th Party Congress in 2007. At the same time, since the 16th Party Congress in 2002, PSC members who were 68 or older at the time of a Party Congress have retired without exception. This has been known as the rule of
6853:
6848:
3990:, gained seats on the Politburo Standing Committee, and it resumed a somewhat normal functioning. The last years of the Cultural Revolution were dominated by internal chaos. Between 1975 and 1976, PSC members Kang Sheng,
2648:
3754:
have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee. The portfolios of additional members varied. As of 2015, Politburo Standing Committee members receive a monthly salary of approximately US$ 1,833.
6314:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
4087:, showing the first signs that the PSC would become a term-based body operating on a fixed schedule. Liu Huaqing was also the last PSC member with a military background. In 1999, Vice President Hu Jintao also became
7163:
6309:
3394:
1960:
3671:(CCP). Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members, and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the
2377:
1408:
2406:
2076:
6191:
2393:
3927:
3837:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6883:
6878:
4079:– were named to the Standing Committee, this arrangement remained unchanged until the regularly scheduled 15th Party Congress in 1997, where Qiao Shi and Liu Huaqing retired and were replaced by
1914:
1277:
1940:
1901:
714:
5530:
1927:
1398:
1294:
508:
5490:
7729:
6838:
3719:
have the force of law. Its membership is closely watched by both the national media as well as political watchers abroad. Historically, the role of the PSC has varied and evolved. During the
1273:
7686:
6999:
6203:
2383:
517:
7681:
7172:
7167:
7147:
6994:
2302:
1970:
1945:
6196:
6022:
1888:
7157:
490:
5381:
5157:
5427:
3734:) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the General Secretary, President, Premier, first-ranked Vice Premier, Chairman of the
3301:
792:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6116:
5548:
4741:
4714:
4687:
4641:
4595:
4576:
4553:
4517:
4502:
4474:
4425:
4216:
4134:
of new Politburo and PSC members, but this poll is only consultative. The process of selecting the new Politburo and PSC begins with a closed door session of the incumbent PSC at
1950:
1036:
433:
6573:
6498:
6493:
6483:
6478:
4944:
4406:
4358:
4283:
4251:
1998:
8166:
7756:
7153:
7047:
7042:
7037:
6106:
6000:
4154:
3404:
3083:
2720:
1464:
1216:
7677:
6913:
1757:
1283:
526:
447:
8244:
6123:
6054:
5327:
1862:
1721:
1523:
4142:
convenes in the fall. The list of Politburo and PSC candidates for the Central Committee to formally confirm is usually complete several weeks before the Party Congress.
8309:
8180:
6128:
6096:
4788:
4187:
Luo Gan, Liu Yunshan, Wang Huning, and Ding Xuexiang; of these, only three – Li Peng, Wen Jiabao, and Wang Huning have never served in a regional leadership role.
2221:
1474:
1241:
1088:
608:
3763:
The Politburo Standing Committee is technically responsible to the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. In Chinese political usage, a "Standing Committee" (常务委员会,
6223:
3117:
2693:
1591:
3727:
2319:
2336:
2092:
749:
7914:
5967:
3978:, which was nominally reporting to the Politburo Standing Committee but in fact was a separate "centre of authority" that acted mostly on its own accord. At the
3409:
1513:
1459:
1382:
4881:
7902:
5952:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5516:
5458:
3966:
In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the Politburo Standing Committee ceased normal operations, as many of its key members, such as Chinese President
1434:
1422:
1248:
626:
621:
616:
562:
5194:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
5715:
5711:
5707:
4112:
4095:
3739:
3533:
2468:
2372:
2166:
1577:
1330:
994:
984:
499:
7240:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6240:
6059:
3979:
3881:
3877:
2987:
1127:
697:
369:
4179:
faction) between the 16th and 18th Congresses, though it is not precisely known to what extent factional identity played in the selection of PSC members.
7933:
7906:
7861:
6263:
6017:
5957:
3450:
3238:
2743:
1990:
1753:
1061:
5119:
5037:
3337:
2458:
2102:
2028:
1562:
1340:
4051:
were removed from the PSC at the Fourth Plenum in 1989, largely by fiat of Deng and the elders rather than institutional procedure, to be replaced by
3781:(中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会委员). As even the officially abbreviated terminology may still be too lengthy and unwieldy, some media outlets refer to PSC members as
8299:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7032:
6578:
6473:
6074:
5790:
5480:
4232:
2448:
1833:
1267:
1172:
763:
603:
588:
7865:
7749:
7607:
7526:
7416:
7022:
6330:
5914:
5814:
5560:
4139:
4088:
3687:
3680:
3436:
2097:
1770:
1072:
1001:
990:
980:
131:
70:
3793:
may still be an ambiguous term, as provincial and local party committees all have a Standing Committee, the members of which can also be known as
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
3454:
3414:
2758:
1965:
1049:
742:
469:
7922:
6778:
6488:
5977:
4346:
3747:
3169:
2551:
1955:
1493:
8185:
7885:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6150:
6111:
5995:
5539:
5291:"Standing Committee of Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee hears reports of five leading Party members groups and Secretariat | XINHUA"
4977:
Li Lanqing served as vice-mayor of Tianjin, Luo Gan the vice-governor of Henan, and Liu Yunshan the party chief of Chifeng, among other roles
4949:
4043:
without gaining the consensus of the PSC. Zhao was opposed to declaring martial law and broke with other members of the PSC, notably Premier
2519:
1714:
1203:
1025:
415:
7620:
7137:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6304:
5417:
3743:
3440:
2789:
1680:
1263:
17:
8278:
7491:
4040:
3676:
3642:
2653:
1726:
1335:
971:
858:
722:
8031:
7477:
6768:
5929:
3885:
3751:
2198:
2085:
1685:
1449:
1045:
438:
5006:
4091:, as he was being groomed to succeed Jiang. This was the first time Vice President had occupied the post of Vice Chairman of the CMC.
7938:
6275:
6218:
6213:
6170:
6101:
6027:
2662:
2463:
2156:
2107:
1307:
7876:
6563:
6228:
5919:
5768:
4939:
3672:
3206:
3186:
2483:
2034:
1454:
1021:
692:
593:
394:
143:
5069:
8304:
7292:
5317:
3731:
3482:
3030:
2784:
1479:
862:
4506:(elected September 1982): Hu Yaobang (removed January 1987), Ye Jianying (resigned September 1985), Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang,
4198:
In 2002, apart from Hu Jintao, the entire PSC retired and was replaced. Strict age-based retirement instituted in the CCP meant
7312:
3510:
3446:
1709:
1668:
877:
871:
843:
650:
3615:
8314:
8171:
7426:
6084:
5825:
5800:
5783:
2929:
2878:
2174:
1005:
850:
481:
4968:
Indeed, this was the only time since 1992 that the Standing Committee member had not served out an entire term on the body.
4103:
gain a seat on the PSC without a formally defined portfolio, though he was widely considered to be the "propaganda chief".
3389:
3369:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3191:
2670:
2071:
2059:
2053:
1484:
4831:
7742:
6668:
5934:
3474:
3292:
3287:
2573:
2567:
1748:
1704:
1055:
639:
5225:
4129:
patrons. The current and former Politburo members conduct several rounds of deliberations interspersed with a series of
8175:
6245:
6089:
6079:
5271:
4848:
4840:
4828:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4789:
3538:
3262:
3162:
3000:
2944:
2608:
2602:
2419:
2008:
1469:
1369:
951:
4852:
4846:
1981:
7327:
6155:
5364:
5133:
5064:
3953:
3863:
3576:
3558:
3543:
3515:
2258:
2253:
2246:
2215:
921:
376:
5450:
4835:
4815:
4808:
4807:
3935:
3845:
7443:
6208:
5776:
5202:
4855:
4854:
2768:
2590:
2504:
2309:
4861:
7265:
4862:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4176:
3635:
3419:
2804:
2135:
3691:
epicenter of the CCP's power and leadership, and its membership has ranged from five to nine people. During the
7947:
7470:
7455:
6034:
3931:
3841:
3071:
2595:
2275:
1907:
1846:
1444:
1426:
772:
281:
206:
4857:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4833:
4827:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4804:
4796:
6268:
4853:
4851:
4758:
3735:
2297:
1695:
1365:
452:
267:
192:
118:
5508:
5029:
4860:
7910:
6069:
5962:
5096:
4850:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4795:
4793:
4792:
3707:
determined membership. Since the 1990s, Politburo membership has been determined through deliberations and
3505:
3342:
3176:
3066:
3045:
2910:
2897:
2430:
2341:
2331:
2265:
819:
665:
660:
381:
4859:
4858:
355:
8237:
7411:
7250:
5356:
5125:
4028:
3704:
3497:
3157:
2631:
2625:
2270:
1985:
1875:
809:
787:
4863:
4845:
4839:
4824:
4809:
4791:
4856:
3628:
3591:
3553:
3523:
3255:
3152:
2641:
2618:
2583:
2231:
2208:
903:
7463:
5263:
4838:
4825:
4823:
4806:
3975:
2816:
2763:
2192:
1690:
814:
704:
400:
388:
5798:
7280:
7255:
6160:
3916:
3826:
3773:
In official Chinese-language announcements, the most commonly used name for members of the body is
3665:
Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
3464:
3357:
3096:
3025:
3013:
2799:
2540:
2524:
2002:
1439:
908:
680:
35:
Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
4841:
4790:
7270:
5804:
3920:
3830:
3668:
3427:
3054:
2890:
2453:
2425:
2324:
1539:
1392:
836:
4298:(elevated January 1934), Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao, Cai Hesen, Zhou Enlai, Li Lisan, Su Zhaozheng
7918:
6010:
5972:
4723:
3586:
3548:
3352:
3137:
3130:
3076:
2873:
2280:
2241:
2202:
1234:
572:
4849:
6233:
5350:
4146:
4024:
3225:
3061:
1587:
655:
645:
557:
552:
8152:
7891:
7317:
7302:
7275:
6165:
6005:
5621:
5606:
5091:
4998:
4542:(Post-Tiananmen re-shuffle, elected June 1989): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Yao Yilin,
3468:
3460:
3379:
3332:
3296:
3280:
3018:
2811:
2473:
2365:
2314:
1855:
1805:
1229:
898:
888:
758:
4935:
Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
8:
6181:
5626:
3720:
3528:
3328:
3231:
3196:
3105:
3040:
2868:
2686:
2151:
1881:
1567:
946:
777:
424:
7332:
7307:
6977:
5591:
5422:
5322:
5059:
3347:
3181:
2837:
2823:
2292:
1509:
1377:
1313:
1287:
958:
936:
928:
737:
567:
163:
7487:
7380:
6281:
5360:
5267:
5129:
3492:
3142:
3112:
2905:
2843:
2794:
2509:
2012:
346:
7322:
4912:
4498:(resigned February 1980), Chen Yun, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang (elected February 1980)
3711:
by incumbent and retired members of both the Politburo and the Standing Committee.
3432:
3049:
2041:
1633:
1573:
915:
730:
459:
312:
237:
4039:. In 1989, Deng and various party elders ordered the military to intervene in the
7360:
7350:
7260:
6295:
5255:
4926:
3487:
3091:
2019:
406:
7485:
4362:(elected September 1956): Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun,
7385:
5686:
5485:
5230:
4457:
3999:
3362:
2951:
2915:
2885:
2829:
2478:
1933:
1851:
1819:
1300:
804:
5290:
8293:
7375:
5853:
5841:
5696:
5671:
5586:
5538:
4754:
4696:
4692:
4678:
4616:
4495:
4487:
4324:
4307:
4288:
4158:
3971:
3777:(中共中央政治局常委); this is an abbreviation of the much lengthier official title of
3696:
2993:
2577:
2410:
1839:
1642:
1615:
1601:
941:
685:
547:
113:
5382:"Exclusive: China's backroom powerbrokers block reform candidates - sources"
5158:"Exclusive: China's backroom powerbrokers block reform candidates - sources"
4375:(Cultural Revolution re-shuffle, elected August 1966): Mao Zedong, Lin Biao
7390:
7365:
6953:
6947:
5676:
5666:
5651:
5636:
4898:
4662:
4631:
4627:
4585:
4438:
4276:
4272:
4245:
4241:
4100:
4080:
4011:
4003:
3974:, fell out of favour with Chairman Mao. Real power was concentrated in the
3700:
3609:
3581:
2920:
2850:
2559:
1780:
1672:
1649:
1622:
1414:
1077:
319:
244:
183:
Standing Committee of the Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China
3876:
The first Standing Committee was formed in July 1928, at a meeting of the
7370:
6965:
6959:
5883:
5877:
5865:
5691:
5681:
5631:
5576:
5352:
Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership
5121:
Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership
4727:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4674:
4658:
4612:
4566:
4558:
4507:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4166:
4162:
4150:
4130:
4117:
4072:
4052:
4036:
4007:
3995:
3708:
3218:
3100:
3006:
2859:
2774:
2436:
2399:
2387:
1894:
1349:
1164:
1150:
675:
521:
473:
167:
103:
4920:
4580:(elected September 1997): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, Li Ruihuan,
4145:
According to informed academic observers such as Cheng Li, a scholar at
2077:
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
5895:
5871:
5859:
5835:
5656:
5616:
5556:
4719:
4670:
4666:
4654:
4650:
4608:
4604:
4589:
4562:
4547:
4449:
4336:
4320:
4303:
4256:
4084:
4068:
4056:
4032:
3991:
3987:
3967:
3692:
3268:
3212:
2712:
2612:
2499:
2141:
2113:
1920:
1787:
1763:
1656:
1517:
1295:
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
1179:
1134:
1095:
1081:
1065:
1012:
530:
494:
485:
463:
419:
410:
88:
75:
7406:
7000:
Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
6971:
6929:
5889:
5661:
5646:
5641:
5571:
5318:"Ending Congress, China Presents New Leadership Headed by Xi Jinping"
4735:
4731:
4646:
4600:
4581:
4570:
4543:
4534:
4464:
4399:
4384:
4332:
4311:
4264:
4260:
4237:
4076:
3983:
3889:
3779:
Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì Wěiyuán
3675:, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the
3147:
2972:
2750:
2735:
2708:
2225:
1608:
1543:
1402:
1254:
1195:
1108:
883:
512:
98:
6995:
Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3905:
3815:
6941:
6935:
5566:
4746:
4620:
4526:
4511:
4363:
4328:
4268:
4204:
4135:
4123:
4104:
4064:
3274:
2063:
2045:
1868:
1812:
1581:
1187:
1144:
1104:
503:
428:
93:
7355:
5451:"Age of China's New Leaders May Have Been Key to Their Selection"
5386:
5260:
China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict
5162:
4635:
4530:
4522:
4380:
4350:(elected June 1945): Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, Ren Bishi
4171:
4048:
4044:
3695:
era, Mao himself selected and expelled members, while during the
2635:
171:
5481:"Will Xi Bend Retirement 'Rule' to Keep Top Officials in Power?"
4217:
20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
6923:
6288:
5581:
4750:
4340:
2936:
2727:
2700:
1529:
1222:
1209:
1156:
1119:
1112:
893:
108:
5060:"16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 2002"
4787:
4155:
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
2721:
Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1722:
State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
27:
Committee of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
5847:
4295:
3374:
2977:
251:
Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì
4945:
Political position ranking of the People's Republic of China
3884:
in 1956, the Standing Committee was replaced by the Central
7422:
Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee
3683:
must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.
3880:. Between January 1934 and the 1st plenary session of the
2694:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
223:
China Communist Party Central Politburo Standing Committee
57:
4319:(Zunyi re-shuffle, elected January 1935): Zhang Wentian,
3667:, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the
7492:
Organizational structure of the Chinese Communist Party
5418:"Family Ties and Hobnobbing Trump Merit at China Helm"
4221:
2167:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
324:
249:
4888:
4323:(elevated July 1937), Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu, Wang Ming,
3980:
9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
3882:
8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
3878:
6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
2988:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
536:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
3686:According to the party's Constitution, the party's
3239:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
8310:Standing committees of the Chinese Communist Party
5195:"China's Next Leaders: A Guide to What's at Stake"
3740:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
4691:(elected November 2012): Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang,
1475:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation
8291:
7417:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
4718:(elected October 2017): Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang,
4433:, Hua Guofeng (elevated April 1976), Zhou Enlai
4207:, were considered detrimental to PSC selection.
4124:Contemporary selection method and considerations
4089:Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
3726:The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in
3415:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
4777:: Expelled from party (including posthumously)
4165:. Much has been written on the divide between
3789:(常委). However, note that without any context,
2642:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
640:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
7471:
6151:Working Committee of Central and State Organs
5784:
5540:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
5524:
4783:: Expelled from the party, then rehabilitated
4210:
3636:
2759:National Press and Publication Administration
1460:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
286:
272:
211:
197:
42:
5411:
5409:
3744:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3338:International Development Cooperation Agency
2790:National Radio and Television Administration
1956:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1686:National Development & Reform Commission
1264:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
1128:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
8279:Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party
5315:
4010:, with Zhang and Wang being members of the
3934:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3844:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3746:, the party's top anti-graft body, and the
1563:State Council (Central People's Government)
1173:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
7478:
7464:
5791:
5777:
5531:
5517:
5189:
5187:
5185:
4950:Politics of the People's Republic of China
3886:Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
3730:. Historically, the General Secretary (or
3681:General Secretary of the Central Committee
3643:
3629:
651:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
326:Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěihuì
6276:Institute of Party History and Literature
6171:Office for Safeguarding National Security
5406:
5309:
4017:
3954:Learn how and when to remove this message
3864:Learn how and when to remove this message
3723:, for example, the PSC had little power.
3395:International Military Cooperation Office
2663:Office for Safeguarding National Security
1308:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
666:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
8300:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
5442:
5379:
5155:
4940:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
3207:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
3187:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
2035:National Defense Mobilization Commission
1242:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
5380:Kang Lim, Benjamin (20 November 2017).
5182:
5156:Kang Lim, Benjamin (20 November 2017).
3775:Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi
3483:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2552:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
2232:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
656:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
14:
8292:
7313:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
5978:Political and Legal Affairs Commission
5250:
5248:
5223:
4521:(elected November 1987): Zhao Ziyang,
4470:, Deng Xiaoping (elected January 1975)
3895:
3511:China and the World Trade Organization
3447:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2584:Public Security Organs People's Police
878:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
8258:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8248:
8243:
8241:
8235:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8211:
8209:
8203:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8151:
8149:
8147:
8145:
8143:
8127:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8087:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8069:
8067:
8065:
8037:
8035:
8030:
8015:
8013:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7997:
7991:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7930:
7899:
7897:
7884:
7875:
7873:
7860:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7755:
7748:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7728:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7676:
7666:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7619:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7570:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7534:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7459:
7427:Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
5772:
5512:
5493:from the original on 20 December 2016
5461:from the original on 10 February 2013
5448:
5430:from the original on 18 November 2012
5330:from the original on 15 November 2012
5285:
5283:
5040:from the original on 10 December 2018
5009:from the original on 10 December 2018
2930:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
2879:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2619:State Security Organs People's Police
2175:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
2108:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
1941:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
6065:Comprehensively Law-Based Governance
5415:
5394:from the original on 19 October 2017
5170:from the original on 19 October 2017
5072:from the original on 18 October 2007
4745:(elected October 2022): Xi Jinping,
4410:(elected April 1969): Mao, Lin Biao
3932:adding citations to reliable sources
3899:
3842:adding citations to reliable sources
3809:
3370:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
3192:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
298:Central Politburo Standing-Committee
5245:
3475:National Immigration Administration
2520:Federation of Industry and Commerce
2157:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
1915:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
716:General Principles of the Civil Law
24:
5348:
5280:
5254:
5226:"Running China on $ 1,833 a Month"
5201:. 13 November 2012. Archived from
5117:
5027:
4222:Historical membership and rankings
3263:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2945:Cyberspace Administration of China
952:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
25:
8326:
7328:Scientific Outlook on Development
6156:Central Financial Work Commission
6060:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms
5449:Shirk, Susan (15 November 2012).
5416:Wong, Edward (17 November 2012).
5224:Olesen, Alexa (21 January 2015).
5065:China Internet Information Center
4561:, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Li Ruihuan,
4035:from the PSC, replacing him with
3516:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2373:Political Consultative Conference
1961:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
1946:Science and Technology Commission
1902:Training and Administration Dept.
1749:Central Military Commission (CMC)
922:Scientific Outlook on Development
646:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
7486:
7439:
7438:
6224:Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
5799:
5316:Edward Wong (14 November 2012).
4919:
4905:
4891:
3904:
3814:
3805:
3603:
2769:State Council Information Office
2591:State Immigration Administration
2007:
1997:
1980:
1928:Discipline Inspection Commission
1450:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
661:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
354:
56:
8236:Party organizations within the
7266:Communist Youth League of China
6301:Executive Leadership Academies
6001:Office of the General Secretary
5473:
5373:
5342:
4971:
4962:
3420:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
2805:China Global Television Network
2785:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2649:Bureau of Prison Administration
2209:People's Courts Judicial Police
2136:National Supervisory Commission
1217:Office of the General Secretary
8305:Collective heads of government
7948:Central Policy Research Office
6679:7th: 1945–1949 & 1954–1956
6075:Financial and Economic Affairs
5217:
5149:
5111:
5084:
5052:
5021:
4991:
4138:in the last summer before the
4116:consolidated into one person,
4041:1989 Tiananmen Square protests
3758:
3539:China–European Union relations
3031:Special administrative regions
2216:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1455:Financial and Economic Affairs
325:
287:
273:
250:
212:
198:
13:
1:
8245:CMC Political Work Department
7501:
6269:Chinese Academy of Governance
5092:"The Chinese Communist Party"
4984:
4047:. In the aftermath, Zhao and
3982:, radical supporters of Mao,
3559:China–United States relations
3544:China–Latin America relations
3405:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
3001:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2744:Central Propaganda Department
2596:Local public security bureaus
1971:Offices Administration Agency
1480:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
8315:1928 establishments in China
6465:Politburo Standing Committee
5963:United Front Work Department
5097:Council on Foreign Relations
4390:, Deng Xiaoping, Kang Sheng
4108:same structure as the 16th.
3657:Politburo Standing Committee
3506:China and the United Nations
3410:CCP International Department
3390:Ministry of National Defense
3317:Diplomatic missions of China
3177:Taiwan independence movement
2898:Publishing industry in China
2431:United Front Work Department
2276:Regular Disciplined Services
2266:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
2072:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
2054:Ministry of National Defense
1089:National Security Commission
929:Harmonious Socialist Society
820:Death sentence with reprieve
794:Administrative Procedure Law
43:
18:Politburo Standing Committee
7:
7931:Research institutions:
7743:Central Military Commission
5935:Central Military Commission
5357:Brookings Institution Press
5126:Brookings Institution Press
4884:
4429:(elected August 1973): Mao
4259:, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao,
4029:Central Advisory Commission
3705:Central Advisory Commission
3498:Community of Common Destiny
3288:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3158:Republic of China on Taiwan
2568:Ministry of Public Security
1889:Equipment Development Dept.
1056:Central Military Commission
10:
8331:
8186:Institutional Organization
6112:Institutional Organization
5264:W. W. Norton & Company
4749:, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning,
4214:
4211:Current members (in order)
4023:organized on the basis of
3800:
3736:National People's Congress
3153:Political status of Taiwan
2603:Ministry of State Security
2303:Public Prosecutions Office
2103:Military reform since 2015
1715:Deputy Secretaries-General
1485:Social Development Affairs
1366:National People's Congress
904:Primary stage of socialism
872:Admission Oath (Article 6)
439:Current provincial leaders
8271:
8215:
8213:
8207:
8205:
8197:
8195:
8141:
8133:
8121:
8119:
8111:
8109:
8101:
8097:
8073:
8071:
8059:
8057:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8028:
8026:
8011:
8009:
7995:
7993:
7977:
7975:
7965:
7963:
7928:
7926:
7882:
7880:
7871:
7854:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7832:
7826:
7818:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7782:
7780:
7770:
7768:
7753:
7746:
7716:
7714:
7696:
7694:
7674:
7672:
7668:
7654:
7652:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7617:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7568:
7564:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7498:
7435:
7399:
7341:
7291:
7239:
7136:
7021:
7012:
6987:
6912:
6837:
6767:
6756:
6667:
6562:
6462:
6451:
6444:
6329:
6256:
6180:
6139:
6043:
5986:
5943:
5905:
5824:
5813:
5705:
5600:
5547:
4599:(elected November 2002):
3976:Cultural Revolution Group
3534:China–Caribbean relations
3118:Mainland & Macau CEPA
2817:China Radio International
2764:China Film Administration
1951:Strategic Planning Office
1681:Cabinet-level departments
773:Intellectual property law
336:
318:
311:
306:
302:
294:
280:
266:
261:
243:
236:
231:
227:
219:
205:
191:
187:
182:
162:
157:
149:
137:
127:
81:
69:
64:
55:
8238:People's Liberation Army
7757:General Secretary Office
7251:People's Liberation Army
6161:Hong Kong Work Committee
5968:International Department
5297:(in Traditional Chinese)
4955:
4645:(elected October 2007):
4557:(elected October 1992):
4414:, Zhou Enlai, Chen Boda
3699:era consultations among
3577:Administrative divisions
3358:Belt and Road Initiative
3055:Hong Kong SAR Government
3026:One country, two systems
3014:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2800:China Central Television
2310:Secretariat for Security
1986:People's Liberation Army
1727:most Central Enterprises
1470:Overseas Chinese Affairs
909:Four Cardinal Principles
282:Traditional Chinese
207:Traditional Chinese
8164:Other commissions:
7271:Young Pioneers of China
6840:CCDI Standing Committee
6141:Dispatched institutions
5953:Organization Department
5806:Chinese Communist Party
4478:(elected August 1977):
3742:, the Secretary of the
3669:Chinese Communist Party
3549:China–Pacific relations
3428:Chinese nationality law
2320:Unitary Police Services
1977:National armed forces:
1393:Council of Chairpersons
1249:Organization Department
981:National Party Congress
686:Socialist law tradition
563:Organization Department
268:Simplified Chinese
193:Simplified Chinese
8167:Spiritual Civilization
7621:Central Commission for
6107:Spiritual Civilization
6102:Science and Technology
6035:Policy Research Office
5973:Social Work Department
5907:Decision-making bodies
5030:"鲍彤再看六四（二）：我是如何被抓进秦城的"
5028:Li (李), Nanyang (南央).
4236:(elected April 1927):
4018:After economic reforms
3738:, the Chairman of the
3554:China–Russia relations
3524:China–Africa relations
3353:China Development Bank
3329:Foreign aid from China
3170:"Taiwan Province", PRC
3138:Cross-Strait relations
3131:Cross-Strait relations
3084:Mainland & HK CEPA
2525:People's organizations
2332:Public Security Police
2281:Hong Kong Police Force
2242:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2193:Supreme People's Court
2098:Military modernization
1876:Logistic Support Dept.
609:Previous constitutions
482:Communist Party leader
377:Leadership generations
7623:Discipline Inspection
7281:People's organization
7256:People's Armed Police
7139:Discipline Inspection
5988:Directly administered
4287:(elected July 1928):
4147:Brookings Institution
4025:democratic centralism
3226:Taiwan Affairs Office
3077:Independence movement
3062:Politics of Hong Kong
2298:Court of Final Appeal
2259:Prosecutions Division
2254:Department of Justice
2247:Court of Final Appeal
2003:People's Armed Police
1696:National Audit Office
1327:Provincial committee
558:Collective leadership
553:Democratic centralism
434:Current state leaders
389:Hu–Wen Administration
8159:Local Party branches
8153:Leading Small Groups
7934:Central Party School
7892:Central Guard Bureau
7318:Deng Xiaoping Theory
7276:United front (China)
6264:Central Party School
6166:Macau Work Committee
6006:Central Guard Bureau
5958:Publicity Department
5607:surname stroke order
4999:"天道酬勤绘沧桑——著名山水画家张登堂"
4354:, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi
4255:(elected May 1927):
3928:improve this section
3838:improve this section
3677:party's constitution
3529:China–Arab relations
3461:Visa policy of China
3380:New Development Bank
3343:Ministry of Commerce
3106:Macau SAR Government
3019:Macau Liaison Office
2812:China National Radio
2495:Historical parties:
2315:Macau Security Force
1863:Political Work Dept.
1501:State representative
1445:Constitution and Law
1230:Central Guard Bureau
899:Deng Xiaoping Theory
676:Chinese legal system
491:State representative
453:Orders of precedence
416:20th Party Politburo
395:Xi–Li Administration
139:Responsible to
7412:Neoauthoritarianism
6670:Military Commission
6445:Leadership sittings
6241:Hong Kong and Macau
6023:Cryptography Office
5489:. 31 October 2016.
5205:on 10 February 2013
4113:18th Party Congress
4096:16th Party Congress
3896:Cultural Revolution
3783:Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi
3721:Cultural Revolution
3307:Diplomatic missions
3279:Secretary-General:
3197:Chinese unification
3041:Hong Kong Basic Law
2911:Internet censorship
2869:Censorship in China
2626:Ministry of Justice
2152:Corruption in China
1524:Presidential Office
1163:Secretary-General:
1046:Central Secretariat
947:Four Comprehensives
751:Labour Contract Law
681:Civil law tradition
518:Conference Chairman
407:4th Leadership Core
382:Succession of power
52:
8172:Cyberspace Affairs
8017:Politburo Standing
7730:Standing Committee
7682:deputy secretaries
7371:Crown Prince Party
7333:Xi Jinping Thought
7308:Mao Zedong Thought
7242:Wider organisation
6085:Cyberspace Affairs
6011:Central Guard Unit
5924:Standing Committee
5549:Standing Committee
5423:The New York Times
5349:Li, Cheng (2016).
5323:The New York Times
5118:Li, Cheng (2016).
5003:gallery.artron.net
3785:(政治局常委) or simply
3765:Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì
3663:), officially the
3348:Exim Bank of China
3182:Anti-Secession Law
3072:Pro-democracy camp
2838:China News Service
2824:Xinhua News Agency
2378:National Committee
2293:Judiciary of Macau
2222:Procurator-General
1435:Special Committees
1383:Standing Committee
1341:Deputy secretaries
1331:Standing committee
1274:Standing Committee
1235:Central Guard Unit
1033:Standing Committee
937:Xi Jinping Thought
894:Mao Zedong Thought
810:Capital punishment
788:Administrative law
527:Commander-in-chief
500:Head of government
425:14th State Council
32:
8287:
8286:
8264:
8263:
8181:National Security
7941:Party History and
7895:
7750:General Secretary
7687:Secretary General
7608:Central Committee
7527:National Congress
7453:
7452:
7381:New Zhijiang Army
7235:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7024:Central Committee
7015:National Congress
7008:
7007:
6760:Central Committee
6752:
6751:
6455:Central Committee
6332:National Congress
6325:
6324:
6192:Cryptography Work
6143:for co-ordination
6097:National Security
6047:for co-ordination
5915:General Secretary
5816:Central Committee
5766:
5765:
5610:
5561:General Secretary
4771:: Died in office.
3970:and Vice Premier
3964:
3963:
3956:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3728:protocol sequence
3688:Central Committee
3653:
3652:
3592:Ethnic minorities
3493:Beijing Consensus
3433:Chinese passports
3273:Deputy Director:
3256:Foreign relations
3143:Chinese Civil War
3113:Politics of Macau
2906:Internet in China
2795:China Media Group
2734:Deputy Director:
2671:Urban Management
2420:Political parties
2407:Secretary-General
2394:Vice-Chairpersons
2128:Supervisory organ
2013:China Coast Guard
1847:Joint Staff Dept.
1758:supreme commander
1710:Secretary-General
1669:Secretary-General
1423:Secretary-General
1409:Vice-Chairpersons
1186:Deputy Director:
1141:Deputy Directors:
1022:Central Politburo
1002:General Secretary
991:Central Committee
851:Principal leaders
509:Congress Chairman
401:Xi Administration
397:(2012–2017)
391:(2002–2012)
347:Politics of China
340:
339:
332:
331:
313:Standard Mandarin
257:
256:
238:Standard Mandarin
178:
177:
132:Central Committee
71:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
8322:
7889:
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7466:
7457:
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7446:
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7441:
7400:Related articles
7344:
7323:Three Represents
7303:Marxism–Leninism
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6028:Central Archives
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5262:. New York, NY:
5256:Li, David Daokui
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4913:Communism portal
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4193:qi-shang, ba-xia
4161:, Huang Ju, and
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3610:China portal
3608:
3607:
3606:
3067:Pro-Beijing camp
3050:John Lee Ka-chiu
2707:Deputy Leaders:
2657:
2345:
2337:Judiciary Police
2328:
2086:Military history
2011:
2001:
1991:Theater commands
1984:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1790:
1783:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1634:State Councilors
1625:
1618:
1611:
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1568:Li Qiang Cabinet
1429:
1159:
1153:
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1009:
916:Three Represents
889:Marxism–Leninism
815:Capital offences
705:List of statutes
460:Paramount leader
448:National leaders
358:
342:
341:
328:
327:
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290:
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8176:Foreign Affairs
8174:
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7395:
7361:Tsinghua clique
7351:Shanghai clique
7342:
7337:
7293:
7287:
7261:Militia (China)
7241:
7227:
7223:20th: 2022–2027
7218:19th: 2017–2022
7213:18th: 2012–2017
7208:17th: 2007–2012
7203:16th: 2002–2007
7198:15th: 1997–2022
7193:14th: 1992–1997
7188:13th: 1987–1992
7183:12th: 1982–1987
7178:11th: 1978–1982
7138:
7132:
7128:20th: 2022–2027
7123:19th: 2017–2022
7118:18th: 2012–2017
7113:17th: 2007–2012
7108:16th: 2002–2007
7103:15th: 1997–2002
7098:14th: 1992–1997
7093:13th: 1987–1992
7088:12th: 1982–1987
7083:11th: 1977–1982
7078:10th: 1973–1977
7023:
7014:
7004:
6983:
6914:
6908:
6904:20th: 2022–2027
6899:19th: 2017–2022
6894:18th: 2012–2017
6889:17th: 2007–2012
6884:16th: 2002–2007
6879:15th: 1997–2002
6874:14th: 1992–1997
6869:13th: 1987–1992
6864:12th: 1982–1987
6859:11th: 1978–1982
6839:
6833:
6829:20th: 2022–2027
6824:19th: 2017–2022
6819:18th: 2012–2017
6814:17th: 2007–2012
6809:16th: 2002–2007
6804:15th: 1997–2002
6799:14th: 1992–1997
6794:13th: 1987–1992
6789:12th: 1982–1987
6784:11th: 1980–1982
6769:
6759:
6758:Approved by the
6757:
6748:
6744:20th: 2022–2027
6739:19th: 2017–2022
6734:18th: 2012–2017
6729:17th: 2007–2012
6724:16th: 2002–2007
6719:15th: 1997–2002
6714:14th: 1992–1997
6709:13th: 1987–1992
6704:12th: 1982–1987
6699:11th: 1977–1982
6694:10th: 1973–1977
6669:
6663:
6659:20th: 2022–2027
6654:19th: 2017–2022
6649:18th: 2012–2017
6644:17th: 2007–2012
6639:16th: 2002–2007
6634:15th: 1997–2002
6629:14th: 1992–1997
6624:13th: 1987–1992
6619:12th: 1982–1987
6614:11th: 1977–1982
6609:10th: 1973–1977
6564:
6558:
6554:20th: 2022–2027
6549:19th: 2017–2022
6544:18th: 2012–2017
6539:17th: 2007–2012
6534:16th: 2002–2007
6529:15th: 1997–2002
6524:14th: 1992–1997
6519:13th: 1987–1992
6514:12th: 1982–1987
6509:11th: 1977–1982
6504:10th: 1973–1977
6464:
6454:
6452:
6440:
6331:
6321:
6296:Guangming Daily
6252:
6219:Military Reform
6214:Inspection Work
6182:
6176:
6142:
6140:
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6080:Foreign Affairs
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4927:Politics portal
4925:
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4906:
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4897:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4448:, Ye Jianying,
4369:, Deng Xiaoping
4347:7th Secretariat
4224:
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4126:
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3960:
3949:
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3808:
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3752:CCP Secretariat
3748:first secretary
3649:
3620:
3616:Other countries
3604:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3587:Family planning
3572:
3564:
3563:
3520:
3502:
3488:Panda diplomacy
3479:
3424:
3401:
3386:
3325:
3313:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3217:Deputy Leader:
3203:
3133:
3123:
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3097:Chief Executive
3092:Macao Basic Law
3088:
3046:Chief Executive
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2271:Security Bureau
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2205:
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2185:Judicial organs
2181:
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2093:Armed conflicts
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1465:Foreign Affairs
1421:
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829:
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801:
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699:Legislation Law
672:
642:
631:
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542:Related systems
476:
372:
349:
295:Literal meaning
262:Abbreviation(s)
220:Literal meaning
213:中國共產黨中央政治局常務委員會
199:中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会
170:
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123:
44:中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会
41:
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33:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
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5:
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7886:General Office
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7386:Xishan Society
7383:
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7358:
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7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7173:8th: 1956–1969
7170:
7160:
7150:
7148:5th: 1927–1928
7144:
7142:
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7133:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7073:9th: 1969–1973
7070:
7068:8th: 1956–1969
7065:
7063:7th: 1945–1956
7060:
7058:6th: 1928–1945
7055:
7053:5th: 1927–1928
7050:
7048:4th: 1925–1927
7045:
7043:3rd: 1923–1925
7040:
7038:2nd: 1922–1923
7035:
7033:1st: 1921–1922
7029:
7027:
7016:
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7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6991:
6989:
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6975:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6920:
6918:
6915:CCDI Secretary
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6854:8th: 1956–1969
6851:
6845:
6843:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6779:8th: 1956–1969
6775:
6773:
6762:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6689:9th: 1969–1973
6686:
6684:8th: 1956–1969
6681:
6675:
6673:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6604:9th: 1969–1973
6601:
6599:8th: 1956–1969
6596:
6594:7th: 1945–1956
6591:
6589:6th: 1928–1945
6586:
6584:5th: 1927–1928
6581:
6579:4th: 1925–1927
6576:
6574:3rd: 1923–1925
6570:
6568:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6499:9th: 1969–1973
6496:
6494:8th: 1956–1969
6491:
6489:7th: 1945–1956
6486:
6484:6th: 1928–1945
6481:
6479:5th: 1927–1928
6476:
6470:
6468:
6457:
6453:Elected by the
6446:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6282:People's Daily
6278:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6188:
6186:
6183:Leading groups
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6051:
6049:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Secrecy Office
6015:
6014:
6013:
6003:
5996:General Office
5992:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5898:(2012–present)
5893:
5887:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5832:
5830:
5819:
5811:
5810:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5773:
5764:
5763:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5553:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5536:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5504:
5486:Bloomberg News
5472:
5441:
5405:
5372:
5365:
5341:
5308:
5279:
5273:978-0393292398
5272:
5244:
5231:Foreign Policy
5216:
5181:
5148:
5134:
5110:
5083:
5051:
5034:cn.nytimes.com
5020:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4970:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4916:
4902:
4886:
4883:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4762:
4761:
4738:
4711:
4684:
4638:
4592:
4573:
4550:
4537:
4514:
4499:
4471:
4458:Zhang Chunqiao
4422:
4403:
4379:, Zhou Enlai,
4370:
4355:
4343:
4331:, Kang Sheng,
4314:
4280:
4267:, Zhou Enlai,
4248:
4223:
4220:
4215:Main article:
4212:
4209:
4140:Party Congress
4125:
4122:
4067:, Li Ruihuan,
4019:
4016:
4000:Zhang Chunqiao
3962:
3961:
3944:September 2023
3912:
3910:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3872:
3871:
3854:September 2023
3822:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3760:
3757:
3732:Party Chairman
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:Related topics
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3458:
3444:
3430:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3363:Silk Road Fund
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3324:
3323:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3150:
3145:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3043:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:Zhuang Rongwen
2949:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2916:Great Firewall
2901:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2891:Internal media
2886:Media of China
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:People's Daily
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:Reference News
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2391:
2382:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2058:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1934:Zhang Shengmin
1925:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1834:General Office
1828:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1820:Zhang Shengmin
1816:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1741:Military organ
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1705:General Office
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1585:
1572:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1540:Vice President
1538:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Ethnic Affairs
1432:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1397:
1380:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:Zhang Shengmin
1292:
1291:
1290:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1212:
1204:General Office
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:Office Chief:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:Office Chief:
1117:
1115:
1102:Vice-Chairman:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
970:
969:
968:
966:
965:
964:
963:
962:
961:
956:
955:
954:
949:
944:
934:
933:
932:
927:
920:
918:
913:
912:
911:
906:
896:
891:
886:
876:
874:
857:
856:
855:
854:
853:
847:
846:
840:
835:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:
822:
817:
800:
799:
798:
797:
783:
782:
781:
780:
770:
769:
768:
756:
755:
754:
747:
735:
728:
720:
710:
709:
708:
707:
702:
690:
689:
688:
683:
671:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
630:
629:
624:
619:
613:
600:
597:
596:
591:
585:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
544:
543:
539:
538:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
479:
478:
477:
468:
456:
455:
450:
444:
443:
442:
441:
436:
431:
422:
413:
398:
392:
385:
384:
379:
373:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
351:
350:
345:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
322:
316:
315:
309:
308:
307:Transcriptions
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
284:
278:
277:
270:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
254:
247:
241:
240:
234:
233:
232:Transcriptions
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
209:
203:
202:
195:
189:
188:
185:
184:
176:
175:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
85:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8327:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8297:
8295:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8261:
8246:
8239:
8234:
8232:
8202:
8199:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8173:
8168:
8154:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8117:
8115:
8114:
8099:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8064:
8061:
8050:
8045:
8041:
8039:
8033:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8002:
8000:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7944:
7935:
7924:
7923:Legal Affairs
7920:
7916:
7915:International
7912:
7908:
7904:
7893:
7887:
7878:
7869:
7867:
7866:Vice Chairmen
7863:
7859:
7856:
7852:
7850:
7846:
7844:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7828:
7824:
7822:
7821:
7816:
7794:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7773:
7767:
7758:
7751:
7744:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7699:
7692:
7691:
7688:
7683:
7679:
7670:
7637:
7627:
7624:
7609:
7593:
7590:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7566:
7560:
7558:
7550:
7548:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7504:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7481:
7476:
7474:
7469:
7467:
7462:
7461:
7458:
7448:
7447:
7434:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7398:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7376:Fujian clique
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7290:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7238:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7135:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7020:
7017:
7011:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6979:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6911:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6849:7th 1949–1956
6847:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6836:
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6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
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6792:
6790:
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6755:
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6707:
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6680:
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6666:
6660:
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6607:
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6600:
6597:
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6587:
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6507:
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6409:
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6399:
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6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
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6369:
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6364:
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6328:
6316:
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6300:
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6230:
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6207:
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6185:
6179:
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6138:
6130:
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6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6083:
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6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
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6063:
6061:
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6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6042:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5904:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5854:Zhang Wentian
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5842:Xiang Zhongfa
5840:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5697:Huang Kunming
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5672:Zhang Guoqing
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5601:Other members
5599:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5587:Ding Xuexiang
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5412:
5410:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5376:
5368:
5366:9780815726937
5362:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5345:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5275:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5220:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5152:
5137:
5135:9780815726937
5131:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5024:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4990:
4974:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4917:
4914:
4903:
4900:
4889:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4755:Ding Xuexiang
4752:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4697:Yu Zhengsheng
4694:
4693:Zhang Dejiang
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:Zhou Yongkang
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4617:Zeng Qinghong
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:Wang Dongxing
4493:
4489:
4488:Deng Xiaoping
4485:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4444:, Kang Sheng
4443:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4421:
4418:, Kang Sheng
4417:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:, Liu Shaoqi
4393:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4325:Wang Jiaxiang
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:Zhang Wentian
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:Xiang Zhongfa
4286:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4159:Zeng Qinghong
4156:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4121:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3972:Deng Xiaoping
3969:
3958:
3955:
3947:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3913:This section
3911:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3868:
3865:
3857:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3823:This section
3821:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3806:Early history
3798:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3697:Deng Xiaoping
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Spokespersons
3300:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:Ding Xuexiang
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Radio jamming
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:Wang Xiaohong
2575:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2411:Wang Dongfeng
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:State Council
2027:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:Zhong Shaojun
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:Departments:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:Vice Chairmen
1769:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
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161:
158:Meeting place
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114:Ding Xuexiang
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8016:
7939:Institute of
7911:United Front
7903:Organization
7900:Departments:
7437:
7391:Gang of Four
7366:Eight Elders
6954:Wu Guanzheng
6948:Wei Jianxing
6463:
6315:Jinggangshan
6294:
6287:
6280:
6173:in Hong Kong
5923:
5677:Chen Wenqing
5667:Zhang Youxia
5652:Li Hongzhong
5637:Liu Guozhong
5604:
5495:. Retrieved
5484:
5475:
5463:. Retrieved
5454:
5444:
5432:. Retrieved
5421:
5396:. Retrieved
5385:
5375:
5351:
5344:
5332:. Retrieved
5321:
5311:
5299:. Retrieved
5294:
5259:
5235:. Retrieved
5229:
5219:
5207:. Retrieved
5203:the original
5198:
5172:. Retrieved
5161:
5151:
5139:. Retrieved
5120:
5113:
5103:24 September
5101:. Retrieved
5095:
5086:
5074:. Retrieved
5063:
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5033:
5023:
5011:. Retrieved
5002:
4993:
4973:
4964:
4899:China portal
4780:
4774:
4768:
4763:
4740:
4713:
4686:
4681:
4663:Li Changchun
4640:
4632:Li Changchun
4628:Wu Guanzheng
4623:
4594:
4586:Wei Jianxing
4575:
4552:
4539:
4516:
4501:
4473:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4439:Wang Hongwen
4434:
4430:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4316:
4299:
4291:
4282:
4279:, Luo Yinong
4277:Su Zhaozheng
4273:Zhang Tailei
4250:
4246:Zhang Guotao
4242:Tan Pingshan
4231:
4227:ranks vary.
4225:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:Youth League
4170:
4144:
4127:
4110:
4101:Li Changchun
4093:
4081:Wei Jianxing
4061:
4021:
4012:Gang of Four
4004:Wang Hongwen
3965:
3950:
3941:
3926:Please help
3914:
3875:
3860:
3851:
3836:Please help
3824:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3725:
3716:
3713:
3701:party elders
3685:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3582:Hukou system
2921:Great Cannon
2858:
2851:Global Times
2849:
2842:
2828:
2773:
2672:
2560:Chen Wenqing
2426:CCP (ruling)
2398:Top-ranked:
2366:United front
1966:Audit Office
1781:Zhang Youxia
1691:Central bank
1673:Wu Zhenglong
1650:Wu Zhenglong
1623:Liu Guozhong
1415:Li Hongzhong
1413:Top-ranked:
1078:Zhang Youxia
1032:
972:Organization
859:Constitution
805:Criminal law
793:
765:Property Law
764:
759:Property law
750:
743:
732:Marriage Law
731:
723:
715:
698:
604:Constitution
589:Constitution
320:Hanyu Pinyin
245:Hanyu Pinyin
39:
34:
29:
8032:Secretariat
7919:Social Work
6966:Wang Qishan
6960:He Guoqiang
6950:(1992–2002)
6770:Secretariat
6436:20th (2022)
6431:19th (2017)
6426:18th (2012)
6421:17th (2007)
6416:16th (2002)
6411:15th (1997)
6406:14th (1992)
6401:13th (1987)
6396:12th (1982)
6391:11th (1977)
6386:10th (1973)
6045:Commissions
5945:Departments
5930:Secretariat
5892:(2002–2012)
5886:(1989–2002)
5884:Jiang Zemin
5880:(1987–1989)
5878:Zhao Ziyang
5874:(1981–1987)
5868:(1976–1981)
5866:Hua Guofeng
5862:(1943–1976)
5856:(1935–1943)
5850:(1931–1935)
5844:(1928–1931)
5838:(1921–1927)
5692:Yuan Jiajun
5687:Chen Min'er
5682:Chen Jining
5632:Shi Taifeng
5577:Wang Huning
5542:(2022–2027)
5497:14 December
5465:18 November
5434:18 November
5334:15 November
5209:18 November
5044:10 December
5013:10 December
4728:Wang Huning
4709:Zhang Gaoli
4705:Wang Qishan
4701:Liu Yunshan
4675:He Guoqiang
4659:Jia Qinglin
4613:Jia Qinglin
4567:Liu Huaqing
4559:Jiang Zemin
4508:Li Xiannian
4492:Li Xiannian
4484:Ye Jianying
4480:Hua Guofeng
4167:Princelings
4163:Jia Qinglin
4151:Susan Shirk
4131:straw polls
4118:Liu Yunshan
4073:Liu Huaqing
4053:Jiang Zemin
4037:Zhao Ziyang
4008:Ye Jianying
3996:Hua Guofeng
3759:Terminology
3709:straw polls
3219:Wang Huning
3163:Taiwan Area
3101:Ho Iat-seng
3007:Xia Baolong
2860:China Today
2775:China Daily
2673:(chengguan)
2652: [
2558:Secretary:
2437:Shi Taifeng
2400:Shi Taifeng
2388:Wang Huning
2340: [
2323: [
1932:Secretary:
1895:Xu Xueqiang
1350:Party group
1299:Secretary:
1165:Wang Huning
1151:Wang Huning
727:(From 2021)
522:Wang Huning
474:Peng Liyuan
168:Zhongnanhai
104:Wang Huning
65:Information
8294:Categories
7943:Literature
7294:Ideologies
7013:Elected by
6381:9th (1969)
6376:8th (1956)
6371:7th (1945)
6366:6th (1928)
6361:5th (1927)
6356:4th (1925)
6351:3rd (1923)
6346:2nd (1922)
6341:1st (1921)
6209:Rural Work
5896:Xi Jinping
5872:Hu Yaobang
5860:Mao Zedong
5836:Chen Duxiu
5657:He Weidong
5617:Ma Xingrui
5557:Xi Jinping
5455:China File
5398:18 October
5301:12 January
5295:LINE TODAY
5199:China File
5174:18 October
5141:18 October
4985:References
4720:Li Zhanshu
4671:Li Keqiang
4667:Xi Jinping
4655:Wen Jiabao
4651:Wu Bangguo
4609:Wen Jiabao
4605:Wu Bangguo
4590:Li Lanqing
4563:Zhu Rongji
4548:Li Ruihuan
4450:Li Desheng
4402:, Chen Yun
4398:, Zhu De,
4337:Liu Shaoqi
4321:Mao Zedong
4304:Xiang Ying
4257:Chen Duxiu
4085:Li Lanqing
4069:Zhu Rongji
4057:Li Ruihuan
4033:Hu Yaobang
3992:Zhou Enlai
3988:Kang Sheng
3968:Liu Shaoqi
3693:Mao Zedong
3269:Xi Jinping
3267:Director:
3230:Director:
3213:Xi Jinping
3005:Director:
2950:Director:
2935:Director:
2726:Director:
2713:Shen Yiqin
2687:Propaganda
2613:Chen Yixin
2142:Liu Jinguo
2140:Director:
2114:Xi Jinping
1921:Liu Faqing
1919:Director:
1906:Director:
1893:Director:
1880:Director:
1867:Director:
1856:Liu Zhenli
1838:Director:
1806:Liu Zhenli
1788:He Weidong
1764:Xi Jinping
1657:Shen Yiqin
1518:Xi Jinping
1208:Director:
1180:Xi Jinping
1178:Director:
1135:Xi Jinping
1133:Director:
1096:Xi Jinping
1094:Chairman:
1082:He Weidong
1066:Xi Jinping
1013:Xi Jinping
778:Patent law
744:Labour Law
738:Labour law
724:Civil Code
531:Xi Jinping
495:Xi Jinping
486:Xi Jinping
470:First lady
464:Xi Jinping
420:Xi Jinping
411:Xi Jinping
370:Leadership
128:Elected by
89:Xi Jinping
76:Xi Jinping
8019:Committee
7907:Publicity
7877:Politburo
7678:Secretary
7407:Shuanggui
7343:Groupings
7168:1955–1956
7164:1949–1955
7158:1933–1945
7154:1928–1933
6974:(2017–22)
6972:Zhao Leji
6968:(2012–17)
6962:(2007–12)
6956:(2002–07)
6944:(1987–92)
6938:(1978–87)
6932:(1955–68)
6930:Dong Biwu
6926:(1949–55)
6565:Politburo
6474:4th: 1927
6204:Education
6070:Financial
5920:Politburo
5890:Hu Jintao
5662:He Lifeng
5647:Li Shulei
5642:Li Ganjie
5572:Zhao Leji
4736:Han Zheng
4732:Zhao Leji
4724:Wang Yang
4647:Hu Jintao
4601:Hu Jintao
4582:Hu Jintao
4571:Hu Jintao
4544:Song Ping
4535:Yao Yilin
4465:Dong Biwu
4452:, Zhu De
4400:Li Fuchun
4385:Chen Boda
4333:Ren Bishi
4312:Wang Ming
4265:Li Weihan
4261:Cai Hesen
4238:Qu Qiubai
4077:Hu Jintao
3984:Chen Boda
3915:does not
3890:Politburo
3825:does not
3673:Politburo
3465:Hong Kong
3451:Hong Kong
3437:Hong Kong
3148:One China
2973:Hong Kong
2751:Li Shulei
2736:Li Shulei
2709:Li Shulei
2226:Ying Yong
2203:Zhang Jun
2199:President
1908:Wang Peng
1882:Zhang Lin
1798:Members:
1609:He Lifeng
1544:Han Zheng
1510:President
1494:Presidium
1403:Zhao Leji
1378:Elections
1336:Secretary
1284:Secretary
1255:Li Ganjie
1196:He Lifeng
1109:Zhao Leji
959:Democracy
884:Communism
719:(to 2020)
568:Elections
513:Zhao Leji
144:Politburo
99:Zhao Leji
8275:See also
7862:Chairman
7445:Category
6942:Qiao Shi
6936:Chen Yun
6055:Auditing
5567:Li Qiang
5491:Archived
5459:Archived
5428:Archived
5392:Archived
5328:Archived
5258:(2024).
5168:Archived
5076:26 March
5070:Archived
5038:Archived
5007:Archived
5005:. 瀚雅画廊.
4885:See also
4764:Notes:
4747:Li Qiang
4742:20th PSC
4715:19th PSC
4688:18th PSC
4642:17th PSC
4621:Huang Ju
4596:16th PSC
4577:15th PSC
4554:14th PSC
4540:13th PSC
4527:Qiao Shi
4518:13th PSC
4512:Chen Yun
4503:12th PSC
4475:11th PSC
4426:10th PSC
4364:Lin Biao
4329:Chen Yun
4269:Li Lisan
4205:Bo Xilai
4200:de facto
4169:and the
4136:Beidaihe
4105:Huang Ju
4065:Qiao Shi
3795:Changwei
3791:Changwei
3787:Chángwěi
3717:de facto
3333:to China
3321:in China
3293:Minister
3275:Li Qiang
3232:Song Tao
3211:Leader:
2992:Leader:
2699:Leader:
2632:Minister
2609:Minister
2574:Minister
2384:Chairman
2112:Leader:
2064:Dong Jun
2060:Minister
2046:Li Qiang
2042:Chairman
1869:Miao Hua
1813:Miao Hua
1754:Chairman
1582:Li Qiang
1399:Chairman
1312:Leader:
1188:Li Qiang
1145:Li Qiang
1105:Li Qiang
1062:Chairman
863:ideology
504:Li Qiang
429:Li Qiang
288:中央政治局常委會
274:中央政治局常委会
94:Li Qiang
7680:,
7356:Tuanpai
6980:(2022–)
6124:Secrecy
5622:Wang Yi
5387:Reuters
5163:Reuters
4636:Luo Gan
4531:Hu Qili
4523:Li Peng
4407:9th PSC
4381:Tao Zhu
4373:8th PSC
4359:8th PSC
4317:6th PSC
4284:6th PSC
4252:5th PSC
4233:4th CSC
4172:Tuanpai
4153:of the
4111:At the
4094:At the
4049:Hu Qili
4045:Li Peng
3936:removed
3921:sources
3846:removed
3831:sources
3801:History
3750:of the
3703:on the
3297:Wang Yi
3281:Wang Yi
2636:He Rong
2020:Militia
1576: (
1574:Premier
1528:Chief:
1221:Chief:
844:History
174:, China
172:Beijing
82:Members
7921:, and
7166:&
7156:&
6988:Others
6924:Zhu De
6310:Yan'an
6305:Pudong
6289:Qiushi
6257:Others
6246:Office
6234:Office
6229:Taiwan
6197:Office
6129:Office
6117:Office
6090:Office
5827:Leader
5627:Yin Li
5582:Cai Qi
5363:
5270:
5237:9 July
5132:
4751:Cai Qi
4446:(D, X)
4412:(D, X)
4341:Zhu De
4149:, and
4075:, and
4006:, and
3986:, and
3679:, the
2937:Cai Qi
2749:Head:
2728:Cai Qi
2701:Cai Qi
2435:Head:
1530:Cai Qi
1427:Liu Qi
1253:Head:
1223:Cai Qi
1210:Cai Qi
1157:Cai Qi
1120:Cai Qi
1113:Cai Qi
861:&
109:Cai Qi
8183:, and
7945:, and
7162:7th:
7152:6th:
6978:Li Xi
5848:Bo Gu
5592:Li Xi
4956:Notes
4759:Li Xi
4296:Bo Gu
3469:Macau
3455:Macau
3441:Macau
3375:BRICS
2978:Macau
2656:]
2469:CPWDP
2459:CNDCA
2344:]
2327:]
1852:Chief
1314:Li Xi
1288:Li Xi
150:Seats
119:Li Xi
7864:and
7685:and
5760:20th
5756:19th
5752:18th
5748:17th
5744:16th
5740:15th
5736:14th
5732:13th
5728:12th
5724:11th
5720:10th
5499:2016
5467:2012
5436:2012
5400:2017
5361:ISBN
5336:2012
5303:2024
5268:ISBN
5239:2024
5211:2012
5176:2017
5143:2017
5130:ISBN
5105:2023
5078:2013
5046:2018
5015:2018
4083:and
4055:and
3919:any
3917:cite
3829:any
3827:cite
3655:The
2505:CDSP
2484:TDSL
2474:CZGP
2464:CAPD
2449:RCCK
1592:list
1578:list
1514:list
1387:14th
1370:14th
1278:20th
1268:20th
1050:20th
1037:20th
1026:20th
1006:list
995:20th
985:20th
693:Laws
627:1978
622:1975
617:1954
5716:9th
5712:8th
5708:7th
5605:in
4781:(R)
4775:(X)
4769:(D)
4682:(X)
4624:(D)
4468:(D)
4461:(X)
4454:(D)
4442:(X)
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