669:"In memory of Sir Philip Charles Henderson Calderwood Durham of Fordell, Polton and Largo, Admiral of the Red, Knight Grand Cross of Bath and of military merit in France. He was born (sic; in fact baptised) on 29 July 1763 entered the R.N at 14 and was made Post Captain in 1793, his activity, gallantry, judgement and zeal were excelled by none in his profession and his numerous captures and successes were acknowledged by many public testimonials. He became Rear Admiral in 1810 with Commander in Chief for he West Indies from 1813 till peace in 1815 and held the command at Portsmouth from 1837-1839, he represented Queensborough and Devizes in several Parliaments, but passed his later years chiefly at Fordel. Courted in society and generously spending an ample fortune, in 1799 he married Lady Charlotte Matilda Bruce, daughter of Charles, 5th Earl of Elgin who died in 1816 and secondly in 1817 Anne Elizabeth (sic; in fact Anne Isabella), daughter and heiress of Sir John Henderson of Fordell, Baronet, whom he survived only 3 months, he died at Naples on the 2.4.1845 and was interred beneath the West Aisle of this Church. Erected by his Great Nephew James Wolfe Murray of Cringletie 1849."
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558:, and so a young master's mate named Jack Spratt swam between the ships and leaped on board, fighting alone against the entire French crew until support could be given from his ship. The British crew then swarmed across the Frenchman and captured her. Durham was wounded in the battle. He took his battered ship (which had suffered 17 men killed 53 wounded)back to England, in time to give evidence at Calder's court-martial, became a banner bearer at Nelson's funeral.
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He added the names
Henderson and Calderwood to his own on his second marriage and on inheriting his mother's family estate, respectively. Following his second wife's death in 1844, Durham journeyed to Rome on private business. Contracting bronchitis, he went to Naples intent on taking a ship back
963:
The Book of
Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns and Rulers of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great Britain Original 1851
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after which he was informally reprimanded by Calder for being "over zealous" in pursuit of the enemy. Following the battle
Admiral Calder requested a court martial to acquit his own conduct and called Captain Durham to appear in his defence along with two other captains. Unlike his two comrades,
255:. His first year at sea was somewhat blighted when that ship came under the command of a martinet captain, Anthony James Pye Molloy, under whom the ship's company grew mutinous. In 1778 Durham procured his discharge and afterwards obtained a position under his original captain, on
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644:(who has also edited his naval papers, available to subscribers to the Navy Records Society) discovered, he had an illegitimate daughter, Ann Bower (1789/90 - 1858), but left no further descendants.
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Medals of the
British navy and how they were won: with a list of those officers, who for their gallant conduct were granted honorary swords and plate by the Committee of the Patriotic Fund
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he brought in a convoy of 157 merchant ships from the
Mediterranean in the face of enemy opposition. This feat provoked accolades and rewards, and he took over the frigate
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Stuart W. McDonald, 'Calderwood, Margaret (1715â1774)â, Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2010
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in which he saw further service at the siege of
Gibraltar before making a cruise to the West Indies and then another one down the African coast in
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as a junior lieutenant. Durham spent the next two years living in France, becoming fluent in French. Afterwards he served in HMS Salisbury and
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to
Britain, but died there on 2 April 1845, his remains being returned to Largo for burial in the family vault. As his biographer
601:, who was especially fond of Durham's tall tales, often remarking "That's a Durham!" when he heard such a tale regardless of the
292:. Being on deck, Durham was able to jump overboard and swim to safety, but the Admiral and over 800 persons lost their lives.
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tore off most of the French ship's bow and devastatingly raked her before fighting a long gun duel with the battered
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Admiral Sir Philip H Calderwood Durham (1763-1845), by John Wood 1844, National
Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
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but this marriage was also childless. In 1819, was promoted to vice admiral He was on friendly terms with
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Following his recovery and receipt of the usual awards for a
Trafalgar captain, Durham was transferred to
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in 1763, the fourth child and third son of James Durham. His maternal grandmother was the diarist
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in 1830, though this was overturned on petition and he did not take his seat. He was elected for
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On 28 March 1799 he married Lady Charlotte Matilda Bruce, daughter of royal governess
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until 1810 when he was made a Rear-Admiral. In 1814 he was given command of the
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708:, ed. Captain Peter Hore RN, Seaforth Publishing for the 1805 Club, 2015
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Durham flatly refused to leave his ship which had been repaired at
695:, Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London, 2005,
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Admiral Sir Philip Charles Henderson Calderwood Durham, by
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On 12 February 1793 Durham took command of the small sloop
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In 1830 Durham became a full admiral and conferment as a
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fame, and continued his service in home waters until the
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Catastrophe at Spithead: The Sinking of the Royal George
229:
was lengthy, distinguished and at times controversial.
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Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
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wallowed in her wake (she sank after the battle). The
1306:
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
682:, Hilary L. Rubinstein, Tempus Publishing Ltd, 2005,
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contributions in Parliament by Philip Charles Durham
967:. Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 279.
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and captured two enemy frigates on his way there in
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was the first capture of the war of a vessel flying
1064:"Durham, Philip Charles Calderwood Henderson"
213:(baptised 29 July 1763 – 2 April 1845) was a
727:, Hilary L. Rubinstein, Seaforth Publishing, 2020
738:Durham's Dramas: A Trafalgar Captain at the Polls
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433:Signature of Captain Durham on a document after
262:. Aboard her he saw his first action during the
1281:British naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
418:was the biggest frigate in the Navy, cut down (
319:The emergency in 1790 brought him promotion to
1296:Royal Navy captains at the Battle of Trafalgar
744:, new series vol.6, 2021, pages 89â99, 214-216
706:Nelson's Band of Brothers: Lives and Memorials
554:was unable to gain the upper hand against the
376:, or ÂŖ300, their first such award of the war.
354:The next day he captured the French privateer
351:was pierced for 14 guns but only carried ten.
207:Sir Philip Charles Henderson Calderwood Durham
295:Durham then filled a lieutenant's vacancy on
1276:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
491:a few months later. The other two captains,
1206:Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands Station
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610:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
196:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
773:(1754 - 1840) James Durham (later General)
31:
680:Trafalgar Captain: Durham of the Defiance
524:headed straight for the Spanish flagship
467:'s fleet in 1804 and participated in the
266:, later gaining the attention of Admiral
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964:Digitized by the University of Michigan
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393:. From her, on 22 October, he moved to
37:Portrait as a Vice Admiral (about 1820)
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483:Portsmouth and specially requested by
16:British Royal Navy officer (1763â1845)
959:
750:, article by Hilary L. Rubinstein in
740:, article by Hilary L. Rubinstein in
513:missed the battle whilst in England.
1124:Animation of the Battle of Trafalgar
995:(28 January 1782 â 18 December 1844)
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463:, which he took to join Admiral Sir
372:gave him a piece of plate worth 100
818:Was selected to assist with signals
648:Memorial at Largo church, East Fife
487:and so was still in command at the
383:on 24 June 1793 and command of the
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882:(28 March 1771 â 21 February 1816)
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323:on 2 November 1790 and command of
237:Philip Charles Durham was born in
14:
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1061:O'Byrne, William Richard (1849).
330:. From there he moved in 1791 to
1133:Parliament of the United Kingdom
779:(1760 - 1791) Margaret Strange (
612:on 1 December. He was elected a
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1092:. (London: Norie & Wilson).
1071:A Naval Biographical Dictionary
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960:Haydn, Joseph (13 June 2008).
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855:O'Byrne (1849), Vol. 1, p.319.
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748:Sir Philip Durham in Miniature
626:Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
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624:in 1834. He became the naval
379:Durham received promotion to
217:officer whose service in the
1243:Charles Elphinstone Fleeming
786:(1764 - 1786) William Durham
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219:American War of Independence
178:American War of Independence
7:
776:(1756 - 1815) Thomas Durham
754:, Autumn 2022, pages 16-17.
662:National Galleries Scotland
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264:Great Siege of Gibraltar
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182:French Revolutionary War
164:Leewards Islands Station
1291:People from Upper Largo
1161:1834–1836
742:The Trafalgar Chronicle
578:Leeward Islands Station
530:but was blocked by the
1321:Deaths from bronchitis
693:The Trafalgar Captains
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590:Knight Commander (KCB)
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808:Retrieved 12 Jan 2015
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1153:Member of Parliament
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642:Hilary L. Rubinstein
614:Member of Parliament
527:Principe de Asturias
1271:Royal Navy admirals
1226:Sir Thomas Williams
1199:Sir Francis Laforey
939:1812 HMS Venerable
924:Flew his flag on:-
893:HMS Endymion (1797)
864:Long (1895), p.432.
518:Battle of Trafalgar
489:Battle of Trafalgar
243:Margaret Calderwood
1103:Admiral Durham bio
933:1811 HMS Hannibal
828:Richard Kempenfelt
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630:Army and Navy Club
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444:and sister of the
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268:Richard Kempenfelt
168:Portsmouth Command
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1240:Succeeded by
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1191:Military offices
1177:Succeeded by
945:1812 HMS Bulwark
841:26 December 1782.
712:The Durham Papers
658:Sir Francis Grant
426:in October 1798.
424:Battle of Donegal
370:Lloyd's of London
358:. The capture of
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1078:John Murray
499:commanding
485:Lord Nelson
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1255:Categories
1173:1835â1836
1082:Wikisource
1055:References
839:Lieutenant
446:Lord Elgin
442:Lady Elgin
215:Royal Navy
144:Royal Navy
116:Allegiance
54:1763-07-29
1168:1834â1835
759:Footnotes
603:raconteur
584:Venerable
510:Thunderer
435:Trafalgar
414:in 1796.
390:Narcissus
321:Commander
233:Biography
572:and the
552:Defiance
538:Defiance
522:Defiance
460:Defiance
349:Spitfire
344:Spitfire
313:Barfleur
290:Spithead
160:Commands
133:Service/
109:Scotland
69:Scotland
1157:Devizes
1109:Hansard
1017:Admiral
947:74 guns
941:74 guns
935:74 guns
929:64 guns
783:Durham)
622:Devizes
548:Berwick
546:as the
533:Berwick
516:At the
385:frigate
374:guineas
360:Afrique
356:Afrique
274:Victory
252:Trident
204:Admiral
154:Admiral
1163:With:
1073:
731:
718:
699:
686:
634:London
565:Renown
420:razeed
334:Cygnet
327:Daphne
192:Awards
135:branch
85:Naples
556:Aigle
543:Aigle
416:Anson
411:Anson
299:Union
259:Edgar
101:Largo
89:Italy
61:Largo
1155:for
1048:1840
1039:1817
729:ISBN
716:ISBN
697:ISBN
684:ISBN
616:for
582:HMS
563:HMS
508:HMS
506:and
503:Ajax
501:HMS
495:and
458:HMS
409:HMS
405:Hind
397:Hind
395:HMS
388:HMS
342:HMS
332:HMS
325:HMS
311:HMS
304:HMS
297:HMS
279:HMS
277:and
272:HMS
257:HMS
250:HMS
225:and
150:Rank
105:Fife
75:Died
65:Fife
48:Born
781:nÊe
632:in
448:of
403:In
211:GCB
1257::
1076:.
1067:.
846:^
636:.
605:.
520:,
400:.
347:.
337:.
316:.
221:,
209:,
107:,
103:,
87:,
67:,
63:,
1084:.
664:.
56:)
52:(
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