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Public Order Act 1986

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An Act to abolish the common law offences of riot, rout, unlawful assembly and affray and certain statutory offences relating to public order; to create new offences relating to public order; to control public processions and assemblies; to control the stirring up of racial hatred; to provide for the
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requires at least six clear days' written notice to be given to the police before most public processions, including details of the intended time and route, and giving the name and address of at least one person proposing to organise it; creates offences for the organisers of a procession if they do
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The "Reform Section 5" campaign was established in May 2012 to garner support for an alteration of section 5, and led to an increase in the threshold from "abusive or insulting" to strictly "abusive" for speech restricted by the act. It was reported that under section 5 alone, 51,285 people were
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which would amend and strengthen the Public Order Act 1986 in certain ways, including widening the restrictions police can place on protests and demonstrations, impose conditions on one-person protests, and define what is meant by protests causing "serious disruption" to wider communities.
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exclusion of certain offenders from sporting events; to create a new offence relating to the contamination of or interference with goods; to confer power to direct certain trespassers to leave land; to amend section 7 of the
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provides police the power to impose conditions on assemblies "to prevent serious public disorder, serious criminal damage or serious disruption to the life of the community". The conditions are limited to the specifying of:
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An Act to abolish the common law offences of riot, rout, unlawful assembly and affray and certain statutory offences relating to public order; to create new offences relating to public order.
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a chief police officer has the power to ban public processions up to three months by applying to local authority for a banning order which needs subsequent confirmation from the
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provides police the power to impose conditions on processions "to prevent serious public disorder, serious criminal damage or serious disruption to the life of the community"
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amendment to a forthcoming Crime and Court Bill meant the removal of "insulting" from the definition of section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986. A subsequent
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The police have been accused by protestors and journalists of misusing the powers in section 14 on several occasions. During the
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amended the act to reduce the minimum numbers of people in an assembly to two, and removed the requirement to be in the open air.
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briefing paper acknowledged the government's acceptance of the amendment and detailed the reasons for its decision.
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Originally meant an assembly of 20 or more persons in a public place which is wholly or partly open to the air. The
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Before the introduction of the Public Order Act 1986, policing public order was based on various relevant
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Parts 3 and 3A – Racial and religious hatred, and hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation
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The campaign was supported by a range of groups and famous individuals. These included the
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Law Commission. Criminal Law: Offences relating to Public Order (Law Com 123). HMSO. 1983.
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journalists were forced to leave the protests by police who threatened them with arrest.
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not give sufficient notice, or if the procession diverges from the notified time or route
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convicted between 2001 and 2003, 8,489 of whom were between 10 and 17 years of age.
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in England and Wales. It advocated the abolition of the common law offences of
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The long title of the Act details the intention of the Public Order Act 1986:
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The Crown Prosecution Service Charging Standards for Public Order Offences
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Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
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use of words or behaviour or display of written material (section 18),
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and associated disorder between 1984 and 1985 – in particular the
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in POA Part 3A section 29AB. This legislation was introduced by
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UK terror laws being misused to obstruct journalists, MPs told
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The Act should be considered in connection with Article 11 of
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The Law Commission stated its desire to further to extend the
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distributing, showing or playing a recording (section 21),
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This section defines the words "dwelling" and "violence".
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possession of racially inflammatory material (section 23)
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publishing or distributing written material (section 19),
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Section 12 – Imposing conditions on public processions
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Section 14 – Imposing conditions on public assemblies
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Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
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Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
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Archived from 598: 441:Section 11 – Advance notice of public processions 378: 4344: 854:legislation.gov.uk: Schedule 16 to the CJIA 2008 490:Section 14A – Prohibiting trespassory assemblies 797: 738:2009 G20 London summit protests § Policing 288:Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act 1875 253:Criminal Law: Offences Relating to Public Order 235:that extended to other cities in 1981, and the 4373:Religious discrimination in the United Kingdom 2991:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1988: 1048: 863: 861: 370: 4191:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919 4227:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales 458:Section 13 – Prohibiting public processions 406:Section 9(2) abolished the offences under: 4251:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland 1995: 1981: 1055: 1041: 858: 539:public performance of a play (section 20), 495:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 357:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 143:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 990:Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill 843:legislation.gov.uk: Schedule to RRHA 2006 720:Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill 589:Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 351:Intentional harassment, alarm or distress 151:Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 2989:Great Britain and Ireland and the United 1375:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm 1062: 770:is authorised by section 43 of this Act. 311: 650: 477:the number of people who may take part, 207:. It implements recommendations of the 4358:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1986 4345: 1568:Preventing the lawful burial of a body 1380:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm 867: 713: 4239:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1976: 1536:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred 1036: 718:In 2021 the government published the 578:forced to accept the substitute words 169:Text of statute as originally enacted 4310:United Kingdom statutory instruments 1443:Offences Against the Person Act 1861 937: 793: 791: 778: 776: 602: 583:To stir up hatred on the grounds of 562:Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 296:Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 247:in June 1985. Furthermore, the 1983 147:Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 870:"Journalists on the G20 front line" 640:European Convention on Human Rights 568:, was amended several times in the 436:Part 2 – Processions and assemblies 13: 2002: 522:If the act is intended to stir up 176:Revised text of statute as amended 14: 4384: 999: 788: 773: 766:The citation of this Act by this 480:the location of the assembly, and 1836:Encouraging or assisting a crime 1796:Perverting the course of justice 1217:Encouraging or assisting a crime 1005: 798:Strickland, P; Douse, D (2013). 663:The campaign to reform section 5 657:2009 G-20 London summit protests 645: 606: 193:Parliament of the United Kingdom 34:Parliament of the United Kingdom 27: 4211:Acts of the Scottish Parliament 1960:History of English criminal law 1851:Obstruction of a police officer 1514:Fear or provocation of violence 983: 957: 931: 529:of the Act creates offences of 412:Tumultuous Petitioning Act 1661 343:Fear or provocation of violence 125:Tumultuous Petitioning Act 1661 4315:Scottish statutory instruments 1861:Refusing to assist a constable 1677:Taking without owner's consent 938:Kott, Tom (19 December 2012). 905: 887: 868:Vallée, Marc (17 April 2009). 847: 836: 814: 760: 599:The Act and Article 11 of ECHR 511:Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 379:Section 9 – Offences abolished 255:recommended updating the law. 1: 4332:Church of England instruments 2011:Pre-parliamentary legislation 1881:Fabrication of false evidence 1593:Misconduct in a public office 1519:Harassment, alarm or distress 1093:Regulatory (lowered mens rea) 824:(1986 c. 64). 7 November 1986 753: 545:broadcasting (section 22). or 365:Harassment, alarm or distress 214: 2042:the Kingdom of Great Britain 1598:Misfeasance in public office 1198:Ignorantia juris non excusat 587:was to be proscribed by the 506:Section 16 – Public assembly 355:added by section 154 of the 292:Prevention of Crime Act 1953 135:Football Spectators Act 1989 7: 1765:Cheating the public revenue 1557:Effecting a public mischief 1403:Assault with intent to rape 726: 699:also voiced their support. 493:added by section 70 of the 424:Seditious Meetings Act 1817 383:Section 9(1) abolished the 306: 10: 4389: 1841:Escape from lawful custody 1727:Fraud by abuse of position 1393:Assault with intent to rob 1317:Category:Criminal defences 802:. House of Commons Library 418:Shipping Offences Act 1793 371:Section 8 – Interpretation 18:United Kingdom legislation 4353:English legal terminology 4300: 4259: 4199: 4175: 2983: 2954: 2670:Acts of Parliament of the 2669: 2649: 2048: 2036: 2010: 1957:For obsolete aspects see 1946: 1894: 1778: 1750: 1692:Misappropriation of funds 1624:Offences against property 1622: 1484: 1456: 1326: 1306:Diminished responsibility 1245: 1207: 1179: 1111: 1070: 1023:The Public Order Act 1986 685:Peter Tatchell Foundation 552:Acts intended to stir up 195:that creates a number of 174: 167: 160: 155:Crime and Courts Act 2013 130: 120: 115: 105: 95: 90: 70: 60: 50: 40: 26: 2987:of the United Kingdom of 2673:Kingdom of Great Britain 2018:List of English statutes 1779:Offences against justice 1552:Outraging public decency 1476:Sexual Offences Act 2003 1277:inc. participation in a 1187:Lesser included offences 1143:Intention in English law 1138:Intention (criminal law) 673:National Secular Society 72:Territorial extent  2456:Interregnum (1642–1660) 1025:, as amended, from the 689:The Freedom Association 260:codification of the law 245:Battle of the Beanfield 243:in June 1984 – and the 237:national miners' strike 199:. They replace similar 2650:Parliament of Scotland 1896:Other common law areas 1846:Obstruction of justice 1588:Accessory (legal term) 1350:Corporate manslaughter 556:are proscribed in POA 304: 4302:Secondary legislation 2957:Parliament of Ireland 2049:Parliament of England 1811:Misprision of treason 1732:Conspiracy to defraud 1687:Handling stolen goods 1531:Public Order Act 1986 1486:Public order offences 1012:Public Order Act 1986 822:Public Order Act 1986 483:its maximum duration. 430:Public Order Act 1936 312:Part 1 – New offences 283: 225:Public Order Act 1936 205:Public Order Act 1936 197:public order offences 185:Public Order Act 1986 139:Broadcasting Act 1990 22:Public Order Act 1986 4363:English criminal law 4223:Acts of Senedd Cymru 4154:European Communities 2023:Charter of Liberties 1831:Harboring a fugitive 1801:Witness intimidation 1751:Forgery, personation 1370:Concealment of birth 1064:English criminal law 899:16 July 2011 at the 651:Misuse of section 14 4128:Halsbury's Statutes 2040:of states preceding 2038:Acts of parliaments 1886:Rescuing a prisoner 1856:Wasting police time 1614:Dereliction of duty 1573:Breach of the peace 1291:Prevention of crime 1153:Criminal negligence 944:The Huffington Post 714:Proposed amendments 677:Christian Institute 572:and ultimately the 385:common law offences 290:, section 1 of the 221:common law offences 201:common law offences 23: 4134:Legislation.gov.uk 2985:Acts of Parliament 1952:English law portal 1938:Criminal procedure 1603:Abuse of authority 1433:False imprisonment 1284:Medical procedures 1112:Elements of crimes 919:on 4 November 2013 618:. You can help by 585:sexual orientation 422:section 23 of the 241:Battle of Orgreave 21: 4340: 4339: 4325:Acts of Adjournal 4296: 4295: 4288:1972–2009/2015–16 4261:Orders in Council 4177:Church of England 4171: 4170: 2665: 2664: 2532:Habeas Corpus Act 2443:Petition of Right 1970: 1969: 1876:Contempt of court 1806:Witness tampering 1524:intent aggravates 1509:Unlawful assembly 1365:Child destruction 1209:Inchoate offences 1071:Classes of crimes 1027:National Archives 1010:The full text of 971:. 18 October 2012 748:Public Order Bill 681:Big Brother Watch 679:, the Bow Group, 636: 635: 428:section 5 of the 416:section 1 of the 410:section 1 of the 397:unlawful assembly 276:unlawful assembly 203:and parts of the 181: 180: 116:Other legislation 77:England and Wales 4380: 4320:Acts of Sederunt 4280:Northern Ireland 4275: 4274: 4148:relating to the 4145: 4144: 2046: 2045: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1742:Webcam blackmail 1563:disorderly house 1499:Violent disorder 1360:Unlawful killing 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1639: 1634: 1628: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1583:Forcible entry 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1471:Sexual assault 1468: 1462: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1385:Common assault 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1334: 1332: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1279:sporting event 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1237:Common purpose 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1128: 1123: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1060: 1059: 1052: 1045: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1020: 1015: 1001: 1000:External links 998: 995: 994: 982: 956: 930: 904: 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1275: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014:at Wikisource 1013: 1008: 1004: 1003: 992:Parliament.uk 991: 986: 970: 969:The Telegraph 966: 960: 945: 941: 934: 918: 914: 908: 902: 898: 895: 890: 875: 871: 864: 862: 855: 850: 844: 839: 823: 817: 801: 794: 792: 784: 779: 777: 769: 763: 759: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 724: 721: 711: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 660: 658: 646:Controversies 643: 641: 630: 627:November 2018 621: 617: 614:This section 612: 609: 605: 604: 596: 594: 590: 586: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 531: 530: 528: 525: 524:racial hatred 512: 508: 505: 504: 500: 496: 492: 489: 488: 482: 479: 476: 475: 472: 469: 468: 464: 460: 457: 456: 452: 449: 448: 443: 440: 439: 431: 427: 425: 421: 419: 415: 413: 409: 408: 407: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 376: 366: 362: 361: 358: 354: 352: 349:Section 4A – 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 336: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 282: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 256: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 231:in 1979, the 230: 229:Southall riot 226: 222: 212: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 177: 173: 170: 166: 159: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 114: 110: 108: 104: 100: 98: 94: 89: 86: 82: 78: 75: 69: 66: 63: 61:Introduced by 59: 55: 53: 49: 45: 43: 39: 35: 25: 16: 4269:1994 to date 4204:institutions 4163:1972 to date 4139:Short titles 4126: 2955:Acts of the 2454: 2071: 1958: 1950: 1753:and cheating 1737:Fare evasion 1530: 1346:Manslaughter 1315: 1311:Intoxication 1253:Self-defence 1196: 1148:Recklessness 1130: 1118: 985: 973:. Retrieved 968: 959: 947:. Retrieved 943: 933: 921:. Retrieved 917:the original 907: 889: 877:. Retrieved 874:The Guardian 873: 849: 838: 826:. Retrieved 816: 804:. Retrieved 762: 717: 701: 670: 666: 654: 637: 624: 620:adding to it 615: 593:David Hanson 582: 557: 551: 526: 521: 405: 382: 374: 363:Section 5 – 341:Section 4 – 333:Section 3 – 325:Section 2 – 317:Section 1 – 284: 280: 257: 252: 233:Brixton riot 218: 184: 182: 111:1 April 1987 107:Commencement 97:Royal assent 65:Douglas Hurd 15: 2028:Magna Carta 1354:Infanticide 1192:Concurrence 768:short title 702:In 2013, a 697:Stephen Fry 4368:Hate crime 4347:Categories 4152:(formerly 1707:Cybercrime 1637:Dishonesty 1561:Keeping a 1438:Harassment 1423:Kidnapping 1330:the person 1222:Conspiracy 1120:Actus reus 1103:Common law 1083:Either way 1078:Indictable 754:References 223:, and the 215:Background 131:Amended by 56:1986 c. 64 42:Long title 2975:1751–1800 2970:1701–1750 2766:1760–1764 2761:1755–1759 2756:1750–1754 2751:1745–1749 2746:1740–1744 2741:1735–1739 2736:1730–1734 2731:1725–1729 2726:1720–1724 2721:1715–1719 2098:1422–1460 2093:1413–1421 2088:1399–1411 2083:1377–1397 2078:1327–1376 2066:1308–1325 2061:1275–1307 2056:1225–1267 1871:Espionage 1702:Extortion 1697:Blackmail 1682:Deception 1667:Squatting 1263:Necessity 1227:Accessory 1180:Doctrines 1171:Omissions 1162:Vicarious 1158:Corporate 1126:Causation 1098:Statutory 975:27 August 949:27 August 923:27 August 691:. Actors 4202:devolved 4179:measures 1933:Evidence 1914:Property 1904:Contract 1866:Sedition 1770:Uttering 1672:Trespass 1647:Burglary 1545:Causing 1541:Nuisance 1338:Homicide 1301:Insanity 1246:Defences 1132:Mens rea 897:Archived 743:Riot Act 727:See also 307:Offences 298:and the 251:report, 81:Scotland 52:Citation 2965:to 1700 2657:to 1707 1928:estates 1791:Perjury 1786:Bribery 1760:Forgery 1652:Robbery 1610:of oath 1608:Perjury 1448:Treason 1418:Battery 1398:Robbery 1273:Consent 1232:Attempt 1088:Summary 560:by the 558:Part 3A 191:of the 1924:Trusts 1504:Affray 1342:Murder 1258:Duress 879:13 May 828:15 May 806:15 May 683:, the 675:, the 527:Part 3 401:affray 335:Affray 274:, and 264:affray 1962:table 1919:Wills 1657:Theft 1632:Arson 574:Blair 499:raves 91:Dates 4278:for 4244:List 4232:List 4225:and 4216:List 4186:List 4119:2024 4114:2023 4109:2022 4104:2021 4099:2020 4094:2019 4089:2018 4084:2017 4079:2016 4074:2015 4069:2014 4064:2013 4059:2012 4054:2011 4049:2010 4044:2009 4039:2008 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Index

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title
Citation
Douglas Hurd
England and Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Royal assent
Commencement
Tumultuous Petitioning Act 1661
Football Spectators Act 1989
Broadcasting Act 1990
Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006
Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
Crime and Courts Act 2013
Text of statute as originally enacted
Revised text of statute as amended
Act
Parliament of the United Kingdom
public order offences
common law offences
Public Order Act 1936
Law Commission
common law offences
Public Order Act 1936
Southall riot
Brixton riot
national miners' strike
Battle of Orgreave

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