1655:
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6198:
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6250:
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689:, though the evidence has been described as “circumstantial” by Francesco Pomponio. He later became associated with wisdom and agriculture. In the Old Babylonian and early Kassite periods his cult was only popular in central Mesopotamia (Babylon, Sippar, Kish, Dilbat, Lagaba), had a limited extent in peripheral areas (Susa in Elam, Mari in Syria) and there is little to no evidence of it from cities such as Ur and Nippur, in sharp contrast with later evidence. In the first millennium BCE he became one of the most prominent gods of Babylonia. In Assyria his prominence grew in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE. In Kalhu and Nineveh he eventually became more common in personal names than the Assyrian head god Ashur. He also replaced Ninurta as the main god of Kalhu. In the Neo-Babylonian periods some inscriptions of kings such as
886:
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660:
417:
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protective goddesses capable of interceding on behalf of humans. She shared these roles with
Ninshubur. She was closely associated with Inanna/Ishtar, though not identical to her as the two often appear side by side in the same texts: for example in Larsa Inanna, Nanaya and Ninsianna all functioned as distinct deities, while in god lists Nanaya appears among Inanna's courtiers, usually following Dumuzi and Ninshubur. In late sources Nanaya and Ishtar sometimes appear as goddesses of equal status. In neo-Babylonian Uruk she was one of the most important deities, and retained this status under Persian rule as well. There is also evidence for her worship continuing in Seleucid and Parthian times, as late as 45 CE.
1096:
6323:
147:
second phase, which occurred in the third millennium BC, the divine hierarchy became more structured and deified kings began to enter the pantheon. During the third phase, in the second millennium BC, the gods worshipped by an individual person and gods associated with the commoners became more prevalent. During the fourth and final phase, in the first millennium BC, the gods became closely associated with specific human empires and rulers. The names of over 3,000 Mesopotamian deities have been recovered from cuneiform texts. Many of these are from lengthy lists of deities compiled by ancient
Mesopotamian scribes. The longest of these lists is a text entitled
776:
19:
4643:
50:
185:(rather than Mesopotamian) sources, in which the term was applied to a class of distinct, Hurrian, gods instead. Anunnaki are chiefly mentioned in literary texts and very little evidence to support the existence of any distinct cult of them has yet been unearthed due to the fact that each deity which could be regarded as a member of the Anunnaki had his or her own individual cult, separate from the others. Similarly, no representations of the Anunnaki as a distinct group have yet been discovered, although a few depictions of its frequent individual members have been identified. Another similar collective term for deities was
6075:
815:
1315:. In Mesopotamia these two gods started to merge in the Sargonic period, and it seems it was already impossible to find a clear distinction between them in the Ur III period. While northern texts put an emphasis on the benevolent character of the weather god as a bringer of rain, in the south he was often associated with destructive weather phenomena, including dust storms, though even there he was credited with making plant growth possible in areas which weren't irrigated. He was regarded as the son of An, though less commonly he was also referred to as a son of Enlil. His wife was
1432:
4597:
5652:
1615:("vizier"), a type of deity serving as another's personal attendant. Her mistress was Inanna. Many texts indicate they were regarded very close to each other, with one going as far as listing Ninshubur with the title "beloved vizier," before Inanna's relatives other than her husband Dumuzi. She consistently appears as the first among Inanna's courtiers in god lists, usually followed by another commonly worshiped deity, Nanaya. She was portrayed as capable of "appeasing" Inanna, and as "unshakably loyal" in her devotion to her. In the Sumerian myth of
1058:
5483:
1084:. In addition to being the god of shepherds, Dumuzid was also an agricultural deity associated with the growth of plants. Ancient Near Eastern peoples associated Dumuzid with the springtime, when the land was fertile and abundant, but, during the summer months, when the land was dry and barren, it was thought that Dumuzid had "died". During the month of Dumuzid, which fell in the middle of summer, people all across Sumer would mourn over his death. An enormous number of popular stories circulated throughout the Near East surrounding his death.
6505:
6430:. Known festivals dedicated to them have been described as "lugubrious" by researchers, and included a "wailing ceremony," "the festival of chains" and a celebration known only as "place of disappearance." It has been proposed that these rituals might reflect an unknown myth about descent to the underworld or perhaps capture of these two deities. They almost always appear as a pair, though sporadic references to Belet-Šuḫnir alone are known from Mesopotamian documents, while Belet-Terraban is attested on her own in Susa during the reign of
4522:
5923:, etc.) or as astral or atmosphetic spirits serving the gods, or as a combination of some of the above. The Elamite goddess Narundi was regarded as their sister in Mesopotamia. While destructive, the Sebitti weren't necessarily regarded as evil. They played an apotropaic role, appearing for example in rituals meant to protect houses from demons. In apotropaic contexts they were described as armed with hatchets. A possibly analogous group, additionally identified with the Pleiades, is described as Inanna's "seven-headed mace" in one text.
365:
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1521:. He was closely associated with the Underworld, and some researchers go as far as proposing he was the oldest Mesopotamian god associated with it, though it is most likely more accurate to say that there was initially no single universally agreed upon version of relevant mythical and cultic concepts, with various deities, both male and female, ruling over the Underworld in the belief systems of various areas and time periods. Ninazu was also a Ninurta-like warrior god, as well as the "king of snakes." He was worshipped in
1691:. There is little direct evidence for temples (in Nippur she was worshiped in the temple of her daughter Ninlil) and clergy of Nisaba, but literary texts were commonly ended with the doxology "praise to Nisaba!" or other invocations of her. The term "house of wisdom of Nisaba" attested in many texts was likely a generic term for institutions connected to writing. Her importance started to decline (especially outside the scribal circles) after the Old Babylonian period, though attestations as late as from the reign of
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469:
3813:. They were regarded as guardians of doorways and they may have originally been envisioned as a set of twins guarding the gates of the Underworld, who chopped the dead into pieces as they passed through the gates. During the Neo-Assyrian period, small depictions of them would be buried at entrances, with Lugal-irra always on the left and Meslamta-ea always on the right. They are identical and are shown wearing horned caps and each holding an axe and a mace. They are identified with the constellation
5597:
6659:. His assistants were Lagamar and Ishmekarab, whose names have Akkadian origin and who were originally worshiped in Mesopotamia. Frans Wiggermann proposes that Inshushinak and the Mesopotamian gods Ishtaran, Ninazu, Ningishzida and Tishpak can be collectively described as "Transtigridian snake gods" existing on the boundary between Elamite and Mesopotamian culture based on their shared connection to judgment, the afterlife and snakes, as well as similar locations of their major cult centers.
6894:
1231:
572:
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3867:). Gianni Marchesi describes him as "gendarme demon par excellence." He was regarded as a figure of low rank, serving under other deities, but nonetheless capable of rewarding righteousness. The goddess Ninmug was his mother according to the text of a Sumerian lamentation. It has been proposed that he was originally a deified human ruler. Similar origin has been proposed for a number of other gods of similar character, such as Ḫadaniš (who shares his name with a king of
733:
613:
6446:
24592:
6835:
6970:
6708:
6119:
4774:
24580:
5833:. Although Lamashtu has traditionally been identified as a demoness, the fact that she could cause evil on her own without the permission of other deities strongly indicates that she was seen as a goddess in her own right. Mesopotamian peoples protected against her using amulets and talismans. She was believed to ride in her boat on the river of the Underworld and she was associated with donkeys. She was believed to be the daughter of An.
1291:
5618:) believed to serve the sun god Utu in Sumerian mythology, and later his Akkadian counterpart Shamash. In the Epic of Gilgamesh a scorpionman and a scorpionwoman guard the gate through which the sun rises and sets each day, but it is likely this motif existed earlier independently from this myth. Unlike most other apotropaic creatures, a male girtablullu was also often accompanied by his feminine counterpart in apotropaic rituals.
2998:
127:, which were used for transporting their cult statues by land. Sometimes a deity's cult statue would be transported to the location of a battle so that the deity could watch the battle unfold. The major deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon were believed to participate in the "assembly of the gods", through which the gods made all of their decisions. This assembly was seen as a divine counterpart to the
6493:
analogous position in corresponding pantheons, he and Enlil were partially conflated. However, Dagan had a distinct purpose in the
Mesopotamian pantheon as well, as the god granting rulers control over western lands. In Nippur he shared a temple with Išḫara, though contrary to conclusions in older scholarship these two deities were not regarded as a couple, and merely shared a similar area of origin.
3799:
910:) and creation. Descriptions of her as "mother" weren't always referring to motherhood in the literal sense or to parentage of other deities, but sometimes instead represented her esteem and authority as a senior deity, similar to references to major male deities such as Enlil or Anu as "fathers." Certain mortal rulers claimed her as their mother, a phenomenon recorded as early as during the reign of
5992:
apotropaic ritual involving a figurine of uridimmu made from cedar wood prescribes praying to Marduk and
Sarpanit to bestow healing powers upon the representation of the creature, and describes it as their faithful servant capable of interceding with them on behalf of humans. The ritual also states that Sarpanit makes the uridimmu well disposed towards the patient treated with apotropaic magic.
153:, a Babylonian scholarly work listing the names of over 2,000 deities. While sometimes mistakenly regarded simply as a list of Sumerian gods with their Akkadian equivalents, it was meant to provide information about the relations between individual gods, as well as short explanations of functions fulfilled by them. In addition to spouses and children of gods, it also listed their servants.
1917:. Enki and Ninki followed by a varying number of pairs of deities whose names start with "En" and "Nin" appear as Enlil's ancestors in various sources: god lists, incantations, liturgical texts, and the Sumerian composition "Death of Gilgamesh," where the eponymous hero encounters these divine ancestors in the underworld. The oldest document preserving this tradition is the Fara god list (
1327:). In these roles he was associated with Shamash. In Zabban, a city in the northeast of Babylonia, he was regarded as the head of the local pantheon. In Assyrian sources he was closely connected to military campaigns of the kings. Kurba'il on the northern frontier of the empire was regarded as his most notable cult center in neo-Assyrian times. In god lists foreign weather gods such as
6004:
1921:). Sometimes all the ancestors were collectively called "the Enkis and the Ninkis." Enki, the ancestor of Enlil, is not to be confused with the god Enki/Ea, who is a distinct and unrelated figure. The ancestral Enki's name means "lord earth," while the meaning of the name of the god of Eridu is uncertain but not the same, as indicated by some writings including an amissable g.
6459:
Near East during the first millennium BC and are common in Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. This god's name in
Assyrian and Babylonian may have been Pessû. Bes seems to have been the only Egyptian god who became widely worshipped throughout Mesopotamia. His role in Mesopotamian religion was however closer to that of a type of apotropaic creature (native examples of which include
1687:. Nisaba was the mother of the goddess Sud, syncretised with Enlil's wife Ninlil, and as a result she was regarded as his mother in law. While a less common tradition identified her as the daughter of Enlil, she was usually regarded as the daughter of Uraš, and references to Anu or Ea as her father are known from first millennium BCE literature. Her husband was the god
850:
most myths, she is usually presented as the daughter of Nanna and Ningal, but, in other stories, she is the daughter of Enki or An along with an unknown mother. The
Sumerians had more myths about her than any other deity. Many of the myths involving her revolve around her attempts to usurp control of the other deities' domains. Her most famous myth is the story of her
6991:" or "Ishtar of Nineveh"). Despite her origin, the oldest known attestations of both Shaushka and her main cult center, Nineveh, come from Mesopotamian, rather than Hurrian, documents. She is attested in religious documents from the Ur III period, but her worship evidently persisted in later times too, as she appears in a list of offerings from Old Babylonian
389:. However Anu was himself described as the descendant of various primordial beings in various texts (god lists, incantations, etc.), and Enlil was often equipped with his own elaborate family tree separate from Anu's. While An was described as the utmost god, at least by the time of the earliest written records the main god in terms of actual cult was
5856:
city god of
Eshnunna he also started to be associated with his serpentine symbolic animals. In the Middle Babylonian period Marduk started to be associated with the mušḫuššu, possibly in reflection of Hammurabi's conquest of Eshnunna; his son Nabu was later associated with it too. Marduk's association with it was in turn transferred to Ashur after
760:
and
Ninhursag served as his advisers, alongside his children Utu and Inanna. Other references to Nanna holding such a position are known from personal names and various texts, with some going as far as stating he holds "Anuship and Enlilship," and Wilfred G. Lambert assumes that he was regarded as the supreme god by his clergy in Ur and Harran.
6570:). In Mesopotamian sources he appeared only sporadically in the Neo-Assyrian period, and in a commentary on the incantation series Šurpu he is equated with Enlil, most likely based on their shared role as gods who grant authority to human rulers. Past researchers sometimes incorrectly assumed he was one and the same as a distinct Elamite god,
6311:
assumed to be connected to Ishtar due to a shared epithet – however, it was applied to a wide variety of gods including Marduk and Nergal, and as such cannot serve as grounds for claims about identification of these two deities with each other, as many epithets were shared between deities not necessarily regarded as analogous to each other.
2146:. Her name is a female version of Anu's own. She was worshiped in the late first miilennium BCE in Uruk in the newly built temple complex dedicated to Anu. Her elevation alongside her husband was connected to a theological trend under Achaemenid and Seleucid rule which extended their roles at the expense of Ishtar. German classical scholar
1941:). He was sometimes regarded as the father of Enlil, or as his uncle. Texts allude to combat between Enmesharra and Enlil (or perhaps Ninurta), and his subsequent imprisonment. In some traditions it was believed that this is how Enlil gained control over destinies. In a late myth he was described as an enemy of Marduk.
5378:, "weaving." While the claim that her name means "spider" and that she was envisioned as a spider spinning a web can be found in a number of publications, recent research shows that association between Uttu and spiders is limited to a single text (a hemerology), which connects her Sumerian name with the Akkadian word
6492:
Dagan was the main god of the middle
Euphrates area, regarded as a god of prosperity and "father of gods." While his cult centers were never major political powers in their own right, he was nonetheless a popular deity and his cult had international importance in the Ebla period already. Due to their
5972:
could refer to multiple types of creatures, and both benevolent and malevolent character was assigned to them in various texts. Ugallu was depicted as a "lion demon," with the body of a man, head of a lion and bird-like claws. This class of beings was likely viewed as enforcers of divine will. Due to
5661:
Humbaba (also Huwawa, Huppipi, Hubbubu) was a monster residing in the Cedar Forest defeated by
Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Sculptures of Humbaba's head are attested in an apotropaic role from Mesopotamian temples. Humbaba was commonly referenced in omen texts, which highlighted his
2426:
narrating Gilgamesh's heroic exploits. The opening of the poem describes Gilgamesh as "one-third human, two-thirds divine". Very little evidence of worship of Gilgamesh comes from times later than the Old Babylonian period. A late source states that he was worshiped during ceremonies connected to the
2067:
in one text. It has been proposed that the presence of Ama-Arhus in late theophoric names from Uruk explains why Gula appears to not be attested in them, despite being worshiped in the city. It is possible that she was merely viewed as her manifestation or synonym, as she is not otherwise attested in
2002:
are the only deities in existence. A male-female pair, they mate and Tiamat gives birth to the first generation of gods. Ea (Enki) slays Abzu and Tiamat gives birth to eleven monsters to seek vengeance for her lover's death. Eventually, Marduk, the son of Enki and the national god of the Babylonians,
6458:
Bes was the Egyptian god of play and recreation. He was envisioned as a "full-faced, bow-legged dwarf with an oversized head, goggle eyes, protruding tongue, bushy tail and usually a large feathered crown as a head-dress." Representations of an almost identical dwarf-god became widespread across the
4505:
The reading of the name of this goddess, NIN.SAR (possibly to be understood as "Lady Herbs"), is uncertain, with Ninšar being favored by authors such as Andrew R. George and Wilfred G. Lambert, while Antonie Cavigneaux and Martin Krebernik argue Ninnisig is more likely to be correct. She belonged to
4101:
Ninegal or Ninegalla, known in Akkadian as Belet Ekallim (both meaning "lady of the palace") was a minor goddess regarded as a tutelary deity of palaces of kings and other high-ranking officials. She was the wife of Urash, the city god of Dilbat, and was worshiped alongside him and their son Lagamar
3528:
Ki was a Sumerian goddess who was the personification of the earth. In some Sumerian accounts, she is a primordial being who copulates with An to produce a variety of plants. An and Ki collectively were an object of worship in Umma and Lagash in the Ur III period, but the evidence for worship of her
3418:
Ishum was a popular, but not very prominent god, who was worshipped from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. In a fragmentary myth, he is described as the son of Shamash and Ninlil, but he was usually the son of Shamash and his wife Aya. The former genealogy was likely the result of confusion between
1873:
from the neo-Assyrian period attempted to merge the roles of Marduk and Anshar, which Wilfred G. Lambert described as "completely superficial in that it leaves the plot in chaos by attributing Marduk's part to his great-grandfather, without making any attempt to iron out the resulting confusion." In
1563:
Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. She was not associated with any city of her own, serving primarily as Enlil's spouse, and as such was probably an artificially created deity, invented as a female equivalent to Enlil. She was nonetheless regarded as having power on par with Enlil;
759:
and one of his most prominent myths was an account of how he was conceived and how he made his way from the Underworld to Nippur. A theological system where Nanna, rather than Enlil, was the king of gods, is known from a text from the Old Babylonian period; in the preserved fragment Enlil, Anu, Enki
6721:
An Eblaite goddess of pre-Semitic and pre-Hurrian origin. She was among the western deities introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period, and shared temples with Belet Nagar in Ur and with Dagan in Nippur. Due to association with Ishtar she developed into a love goddess, associated with marriage.
6136:
Allani, in Mesopotamia known as Allatum, was the Hurrian goddess of the underworld. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period as an independent deity. She had at least one temple, likely located in Ur. She continued to be worshiped in the Old Babylonian period. In later periods she was
6013:
Urmahlullu was an apotrapaic creature with the lower body of a lion and upper body of a man, attested mostly in Assyria. Depictions are late (13th century BCE or later) and uncommon, and it is doubtful if any role was assigned to it in mythology. Apotropaic rituals nonetheless occasionally refer to
5081:
Shulpa-e's name means "youthful brilliance", but he was not envisioned as youthful god. According to one tradition, he was the consort of Ninhursag, a tradition which contradicts the usual portrayal of Enki as Ninhursag's consort in myths. In one Sumerian poem, offerings are made to Shulpa'e in the
4714:
Nungal, also known as Manungal, was the goddess of prisons, also associated with the death penalty. Her name means "great prince(ss)" in Sumerian. She is rarely attested in literary compositions. In the so-called Weidner god list she appears among chthonic deities, and she was sometimes referred to
4003:
Martu, in Akkadian known as Amurru, was the divine personification of the nomads who began to appear on the edges of the Mesopotamian world in the middle of the third millennium BC, initially from the west, but later from the east as well. He was described as a deity who "rages over the land like a
3011:
and Anthony Green, he "represented fire in all its aspects: as a destructive force and as the burning heat of the Mesopotamian summer; and as a creative force, the fire in the blacksmith's furnace and the fire in the kiln where bricks are baked, and so as a 'founder of cities'." He is traditionally
2520:
and charioteer of the sun-god Utu. He was worshipped at Sippar and Uruk during the Old Babylonian Period and later worshipped at Assur. According to some accounts, he may have been Utu's son. However, in Sippar he was regarded as the son in law of Utu's Akkadian counterpart Shamash instead, and the
2193:
Annunitum ("the martial one") was initially an epithet of Ishtar, but later a separate goddess. She is first attested in documents from the Ur III period. She was a warrior goddess who shared a number of epithets with Ishtar. It is possible she was depicted with a trident-like weapon on seals. In
1896:
phrase meaning "forever and ever") were ancestors of Anu according to the so-called "Anu theogony." They represented "eternal time as a prime force in creation," and it is likely they developed as a personified form of a preexisting cosmological belief. A single text identifies them as ancestors of
849:
Inanna, later known as Ishtar, is "the most important female deity of ancient Mesopotamia at all periods." She was the Sumerian goddess of love, sexuality, prostitution, and war. She was the divine personification of the planet Venus, the morning and evening star. Accounts of her parentage vary; in
6406:
Belet Nagar was the tutelary goddess of the Syrian city of Nagar. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period, likely due to her connection to kingship and due to her role as a divine witness to commercial treaties. It is possible that "Haburitum" known from similar Mesopotamian sources
5881:
Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. He is shown with "a rather canine face with abnormally bulging eyes, a scaly body, a snake-headed penis, the talons of a bird and usually wings." He was believed to be the son of the god
5855:
Mušḫuššu ("furious snake" or "awful snake") was a dragon-like creature (sometimes a lion-dragon hybrid), depicted as a servant of various gods in Mesopotamian art. It was originally associated with Ninazu and, by extension, with his son Ningishzida (in Lagash); after Tishpak replaced Ninazu as the
4683:
Numushda was a god who was associated with the city of Kazallu. His worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period, but his cult seems to have ceased at the end of the Old Babylonian Period. He was believed to be the son of the moon-god Nanna and may have been regarded as a storm deity. In the
3779:. He is mentioned as a god alongside Ninsun in a list of deities as early as the Early Dynastic Period. A brief fragment of a myth about him from this same time period is also preserved. During the Third Dynasty of Ur, all the kings would offer sacrifices to Lugalbanda as a god in the holy city of
1953:
Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, though sometimes he was instead referred to as his grandfather. Like Enmesharra he was regarded as a vanquished theogonic figure, and sometimes the two were equated. He might be analogous to Endukuga, another ancestor of Enlil from god lists.
1306:
Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder"), was the Mesopotamian god of storms and rain. In northern Mesopotamia, where agriculture relied heavily on rainfall, he was among the most prominent deities, and even in the south he ranked among the "great gods." In god lists
436:
Enlil, later known as Ellil, is the god of wind, air, earth, and storms and the chief of all the gods. The Sumerians envisioned Enlil as a benevolent, fatherly deity, who watches over humanity and cares for their well-being. One Sumerian hymn describes Enlil as so glorious that even the other gods
384:
An (in Sumerian), later known as Anu (in Akkadian), was the supreme God and "prime mover in creation", embodied by the sky. He is the first and most distant ancestor, theologically conceived as the God of Heaven in its "transcendental obscurity". In some theological systems all of the deities were
7064:
Simut was an Elamite god associated with Mars, regarded as herald of the gods. His name was used as a theophoric element in Old Babylonian personal names, while god lists associate him with Nergal. It is possible the Akkadian goddess Manzat, who became a popular deity in Elam, was regarded as his
5991:
Uridimmu ("mad dog" or "mad lion") was an apotropaic creature in Mesopotamian mythology. Next to nothing is known about its history prior the Middle Babylonian period, but in texts from this era it was associated with Marduk and his wife Sarpanit, and was believed to serve as their gatekeeper. An
5938:
Suhurmašu was a creature likely imagined simply as a type of fish by the Sumerians, but as a fish-goat hybrid by the Akkadians. A Sumerian text refers to it as "the lofty purification priest of the Apsu," and in apotropaic rituals it was associated with exorcisms. It was also used to symbolically
5210:
Sumugan (also spelled Sumuqan) or Šakkan was a god associated with quadrupeds, especially donkeys or alternatively wild sheep. In literary texts (such as hymns) he was also tasked with caring for their habitat and plants growing there. In some texts his epithet is "shepherd of everything." He was
1723:
called him a son of Ashur instead. Initially his wife was Ishtar of Kish (regarded as separate from Ishtar of Uruk), but after the Old Babylonian period she was replaced by Bau in this role, and continued to be worshiped independently from him. In some texts Zababa uses weapons usually associated
798:
Utu, later known as Shamash, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Sun, who was also revered as the god of truth, justice, and morality. He was the son of Nanna and the twin brother of Inanna. Utu was believed to see all things that happen during the day and to aid mortals in distress. Alongside
4363:
Ninkasi was the goddess of beer. She was associated with Širaš, the goddess of brewing. In one hymn her parents are said to be Enki and Ninti, though it also states she was raised by Ninhursag. Sometimes Ninkasi was viewed as a male deity. In the so-called Weidner god list, Ninkasi appears among
4136:
Ningal ("great queen"), later known by the corrupted form Nikkal, was the wife of Nanna-Suen, the god of the moon, and the mother of Utu, the god of the sun. Though she was worshiped in all periods of ancient Mesopotamian history, her role is described as "passive and supportive" by researchers.
146:
The Mesopotamian pantheon evolved greatly over the course of its history. In general, the history of Mesopotamian religion can be divided into four phases. During the first phase, starting in the fourth millennium BC, deities' domains mainly focused on basic needs for human survival. During the
6310:
are cognate, they weren't entirely the same deity, but merely developed in parallel from one source. She was described as "daughter in law of the god An." A temple dedicated to her, Ehilikalamma ("House of the luxury of the land") existed in Babylon. In past scholarship Ashratu was incorrectly
5163:
Siduri (or more accurately Šiduri) was a goddess who according to the Epic of Gilgamesh was believed to keep an alehouse at the edge of the world. In the Old Babylonian versions, she attempts to dissuade Gilgamesh from his quest for immortality, instead urging him to be content with the simple
1246:
Bau was a prominent goddess of Lagash, and some of its kings regarded her as their divine mother. She was also a healing goddess, though unlike other healing goddesses she only developed such a function at some point in her history. She was the wife of Ningirsu, and rose to prominence in third
5259:
describes how, in one ritual, Nabu and Tashmetu's statues would be brought together for a "marriage ceremony". One extant letter describes how, after their wedding, Tashmetu and Nabu stayed in the bedchamber for six days and seven nights, during which time they were served an elaborate feast.
3954:
Mandanu was a divine judge, attested after the Old Babylonian period, but absent from older god lists such as the so-called Weidner and Nippur lists. According to assyriologist Manfred Krebernik he can be considered a personification of places of judgment. He belonged to the circle of deities
1572:
explain that Sud was the goddess' name before she married Enlil, receiving the name Ninlil. However, Sud was originally an independent deity who was close in character to Sudag, an alternate name of the wife of Shamash; the confusion between Sudag and Sud(/Ninlil) is reflected in a myth where
1450:
Nanaya was a goddess of love (including erotic love and lust). She was commonly invoked in spells connected to this sphere. Her worship was widespread, and she appears frequently in the textual record. She was also involved in intercession and was regarded as "lady of lamma," a class of minor
1564:
in one poem, Ninlil declares, "As Enlil is your master, so am I also your mistress!" In documents from the Ur III period, Ninlil was believed to be able to determine fates much like husband, and the pair was jointly regarded as the source of royal power by kings. Sud, the tutelary goddess of
2545:, but this may be a local hero, not the same as the god of healing. According to Alfonso Archi, the Eblaite Damu should be understood as the deified concept of a kinship group rather than a personified deity. The official cult of Damu became extinct sometime after the Old Babylonian Period.
2115:
and a single mythical composition. Thorkild Jacobsen identifies her as a leech goddess. As noted by assyriologist Nathan Wasserman, however, leeches are only attested with certainty in late medical texts, and the image of a leech in Mesopotamian literature is that of "a non-divine, harmful
2977:
eventually take Dumuzid away after he is betrayed by an unnamed "friend", but Inanna decrees that he and Geshtinanna will alternate places every six months, each spending half the year in the Underworld while the other stays in Heaven. While she is in the Underworld, Geshtinanna serves as
2427:
dead, alongside Dumuzi and Ninishzida. In incantations he commonly appeared alongside minor underworld deities such as Ningishzida, Geshtinanna, or Namtar and his family. There are also attestations of Gilgamesh as a servant of Nergal and Ereshkigal, specifically a ferryman of the dead.
1779:
periods in the early second millennium BC. A category of primordial beings common in incantations were pairs of divine ancestors of Enlil and less commonly of Anu. In at least some cases these elaborate genealogies were assigned to major gods to avoid the implications of divine incest.
5973:
their fearsome characters they were viewed as a source of protection as well, and as such appear on apotropaic amulets. Similar leonine creatures were sometimes depicted or described as servings the gods (notably Ishkur, Ishtar, Marduk and Ninurta) as mounts or pulling their chariots.
5010:, "to carry." It is sometimes assumed he was Nergal's son. It has been argued that such a connection could be a reflection of the location of his cult center, Ṣupur-Šubula, in the proximity of Nergal's city, Kutha. However, as noted by Jeremiah Peterson, it is unclear if the god list
2822:
Erra is a warlike god who is associated with pestilence and violence. He is the son of the sky-god An and his wife is an obscure, minor goddess named Mami, who is different from the mother goddess with the same name. As early as the Akkadian Period, Erra was already associated with
2396:, the king of Uruk adopted Gilgamesh as his patron deity. The kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur were especially fond of Gilgamesh, calling him their "divine brother" and "friend". During this period, a large number of myths and legends developed surrounding him. Probably during the
4913:Šerua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. She was the only deity regarded as related to him for reasons other than syncretism with Enlil, but Assyrian theological treatises disputed if she was his wife or daughter. She should not be confused with Erua, an epithet of
2219:. He eventually became regarded as a god of magical knowledge and was thought to be the son of Enki and Ninhursag. He was later absorbed as an aspect of Marduk. In the standard Babylonian magical tradition, the name "Asarluhi" is used as merely an alternative name for Marduk.
6185:
to many cities in the Mesopotamian part of his empire, including Babylon. These efforts are thought to have been directed at the Iranian population of the city to tie regional courts to the imperial core rather than as an attempt to impose Persian deities on the Babylonians.
5785:
Lahmu ("hairy one") was a type of apotropaic creature. He was originally associated with Enki and later with Marduk. On cylinder seals Lahmu was sometimes depicted as a fisherman. In mythical texts, the god Enki/Ea is sometimes said to have 50 lahmu serving him. During the
905:
Ninhursag ("Mistress of the mountain ranges"), also known as Damgalnuna, Ninmah, Nintur and Aruru, was the Mesopotamian mother goddess. Her primary functions were related to birth (but generally not to nursing and raising children, with the exception of sources from early
4170:
Ningirida was the wife of Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida and his two sisters. A passage describing Ningirida taking care of baby Ningishzida is regarded as one of the only references to deities in their infancy and to goddesses breastfeeding in Mesopotamian literature.
1670:
Nisaba was originally a goddess of grain and agriculture, but, starting in the Early Dynastic Period, she developed into a goddess of writing, accounting, and scribal knowledge. Her main cult city, Eresh, was evidently prominent in early periods, but after the reign of
6597:" (either the river or the area surrounding it) or "she of the city Ḫabura." The former option is considered more plausible, as her cult center was apparently Sikani, located near the head of the river Khabur, rather than Ḫabura, which was instead located near modern
1724:
with Ninurta and fights his mythical enemies, and on occasion he was called the "Nergal of Kish," but all 3 of these gods were regarded as separate. In one list of deities he is called "Marduk of battle." His primary symbol was a staff with the head of an eagle. His
5093:
5493:
Imdugud, later known as Anzû, is an enormous bird-like monster with the head of a lion described as so huge that the flapping of its wings was thought to be the cause of sandstorms and whirlwinds. Imdugud probably originated as the personification of atmospheric
1623:, she pleads with the gods Enlil, Nanna and finally Enki in effort to persuade them to rescue Inanna from the Underworld. She was regarded as a wise adviser of her divine masters and human rulers alike. In addition to being the sukkal of Inanna, she also served
2615:). However, her name shows no etymological affinity with any attested terms related to sheep, and it has been suggested that while she was definitely a goddess associated with livestock and pastoralism, she was not necessarily exclusively connected with sheep.
491:
Enki, later known as Ea, and also occasionally referred to as Nudimmud or Ninšiku, was the god of the subterranean freshwater ocean, who was also closely associated with wisdom, magic, incantations, arts, and crafts. He was either the son of An, or the goddess
6763:
Kumarbi was one of the main gods of the Hurrians, regarded as partially analogous to Enlil (and Dagan) due to his role as "father of the gods." He had a chthonic character and was associated with grain and prosperity. In Mesopotamia he appears in the Assyrian
1042:), fevers, plagues, and war. In myths, he causes destruction and devastation. In the neo-Babylonian period in many official documents Nergal is listed immediately after the supreme gods Marduk and Nabu, and before such prominent deities as Shamash and Sin.
3529:
is scarce and her name was sometimes written without the dingir sign denoting divinity. A fragmentary late neo-Assyrian god list appears to consider her and another figure regarded as the wife of Anu, Urash, as one and the same, and refers to "Ki-Urash."
5358:
Uṣur-amāssu was one of the deities regarded as children of Adad and Shala. While initially viewed as male, she came to be regarded as a goddess and achieved a degree of prominence in Neo-Babylonian Uruk, where she belonged to the entourage of Ishtar.
4062:
Nimintabba was a minor goddess who belonged to the entourage of Nanna, the tutelary god of Ur. She had a temple in Ur during the reign of king Shulgi. It is possible she was initially a deity of greater theological importance, but declined with time.
96:, meaning "fear". Deities were almost always depicted wearing horned caps, consisting of up to seven superimposed pairs of ox-horns. They were also sometimes depicted wearing clothes with elaborate decorative gold and silver ornaments sewn into them.
2536:
Damu was a god who presides over healing and medicine. He was the son of Ninisina or of Gula. In some texts, "Damu" is used as another name for Dumuzid, but this may be a different word meaning "son". Another god named "Damu" was also worshipped in
4234:
popular saying, when a mouse fled from a mongoose into a serpent's hole, it announced, "I bring you greetings from the snake-charmer!" A creature resembling a mongoose also appears in Old Babylonian glyptic art, but its significance is not known.
2240:
Ashgi was one of the main gods of Adab in the Early Dynastic and Sargonic periods. It is unclear if he was initially the spouse or the son of the goddess Nintu, analogous to Ninhursag. In later periods he was viewed as her son, and her husband
981:
from his father Enlil and, in a myth that is alluded to in many works but never fully preserved, he killed a group of warriors known as the "Slain Heroes". Ninurta was also an agricultural deity and the patron god of farmers. In the epic poem
2729:. It has been pointed out that Dumuzi does not appear in any of the texts where Enkimdu occurs alongside Amurru, which might indicate that in this case the latter was meant to serve as a shepherd god contrasted with Enkimdu in a similar way.
922:. She was also associated with the city of Kesh, where she replaced the local goddess Nintur, and she was sometimes referred to as the "Bēlet-ilī of Kesh" or "she of Kesh". It is possible her emblem was a symbol similar to later Greek letter
3336:
One of the 11 "standing gods of Ebabbar," divine judges assisting Shamash, as well as a member of various Assyrian groups of judge deities. While Akkadian in origin (the name means "he (or she) heard the payer), Ishmekarab also appears in
4970:, northeast of Babylon, indicates that he may have also been worshipped there. He was also a warrior god and is referred to as a "hero of An". In the Babylonian myth of Anzû, Shara is one of the warrior gods who is asked to retrieve the
1749:. The earliest accounts of creation are simple narratives written in Sumerian dating to the late third millennium BC. These are mostly preserved as brief prologues to longer mythographic compositions dealing with other subjects, such as
1267:, with some sources (ex. from Nippur) indicating she was exalted above Ningirsu. While the original Lagashite cult of Bau declined alongside the city, she continued to be prominent in Kish in northern Babylonia, where she arrived in the
6651:: "Lord of Susa") was one of the main Elamite gods. He was associated with kingship and the underworld, and served as the tutelary god of Susa. In some Mesopotamian texts he appears as an underworld god, for example in the god list
4555:(312 BC – 63 BC). She was sometimes regarded as the astral aspect of Inanna, but in Isin she was instead associated with Ninisina and in Larsa Ninsianna and Inanna were separate goddesses. She was also sometimes associated with the
2560:
Dingirma was a goddess from Kesh regarded as analogous to Ninhursag. Her name means "exalted deity." While in literary texts the names Dingirma and Ninhursag can alternate, administrative texts from Kesh exclusively use the former.
5790:(911 BC – 609 BC), figurines of Lahmu, who is depicted with long hair and a long, curled beard, were placed under the foundations of houses and temples to protect against demons and pestilence. Lahmu is closely associated with the
2845:
Erragal, also known as Errakal, is a relatively rarely-attested deity who was usually regarded as a form of Erra, but the two gods are probably of separate origin. He is connected with storms and the destruction caused by them. In
4443:
Ninmena was a Sumerian goddess of birth whose name means "Lady of the Crown". Although syncretised with more prominent similar goddesses (like Ninhursag) in literary texts, she never fully merged with them in Sumerian tradition.
2003:
slays Tiamat and uses her body to create the earth. In the Assyrian version of the story, it is Ashur who slays Tiamat instead. Tiamat was the personification of the primeval waters and it is hard to tell how the author of the
1408:(boundary stones), Ištaran is often represented by a serpent, which may be Nirah or Ištaran himself. It is also possible that he's the god with an ophidian lower body known from cylinder seals. In a ritual associated with the
3199:
of Lagash refers to him as the "herald of the land of Sumer" in one inscription. His wife might have originally been Dumuzi-abzu, though later he was regarded as the husband of Ninmug due to syncretism between him and Ishum.
643:
initiated the trend of writing his name with the same signs as that of Anshar, a primordial being regarded as Anu's father in the theology of Enuma Elish. He may have originally been a local deity associated with the city of
5315:
While in texts from cities such as Nippur Uraš was an earth goddess, in Dilbat it was the name of an unrelated male god, husband of Ninegal, who served as the city's tutelary deity. He was regarded as the father of Lagamar.
5533:
Bašmu ("venomous snake") was a mythical horned snake who played an apotropaic role in Mesopotamian religion. While in some contexts its name can be a generic word designating any mythical snake or dragon, as early as in
4004:
storm". One myth describes how the daughter of the god Numušda insists on marrying Martu, despite his unattractive habits. In Old Babylonian and Kassite art, Amurru is shown as a god dressed in long robes and carrying a
6260:
In Mesopotamia and Syria, Artemis was identified with the goddess Nanaya. This identification had a long-lasting influence on Nanaya by introducing associations with the moon and archery. The cult of Apollo and Artemis
1311:, however evidence such as theophoric names indicates that the weather god's popularity only grew in later periods under the Akkadian name. Hadad is already attested as the name of the weather god in early sources from
168:
2144 – 2124 BC) and the Third Dynasty of Ur. This term usually referred to the major deities of heaven and earth, endowed with immense powers, who were believed to "decree the fates of mankind". Gudea described them as
3976:. Her titles, such as "Lady of regulations of heaven" and "Companion of heaven" highlighted her astral character, though she was also associated with prosperity of cities. Outside Mesopotamia she was also worshiped in
1420:. His national cult fell into decline during the Middle Babylonian Period, though he still appeared in documents such as neo-Assyrian land grants. However, in Der he continued to be venerated in later periods as well.
3505:, "lady of the sorceresses." However, her character and functions remain unclear. It has been proposed that her name was originally a term for a location in the netherworld due to its similarity to the Sumerian word
2045:
Alammush was the sukkal of Nanna. He appears very rarely in known literary texts, though in one case, possibly a fragment of a myth about Nanna going on a journey, he is described as "suitable for justice like Utu."
1714:
Zababa was a war god who served as the tutelary deity of Kish. His main temple was E-mete-ursag. The earliest attestation of him comes from the Early Dynastic Period. During the reign of Old Babylonian kings such as
5082:
Underworld and, in later sources, he was one of the demons of the Underworld. No less than ten temples of Shulpa'e are listed in the so-called Canonical Temple List, but their names and locations are not preserved.
23773:
4982:
and in a single building inscription from the Third Dynasty of Ur, Shara is described as Inanna's "son", a tradition which runs directly contrary to the usual portrayal of Inanna as youthful and without offspring.
5754:
Kusarikku ("bison man") was a creature depicted as a human-faced bison standing on its hind legs, associated with the sun god Utu. Depictions of kusarikku alongside lahmu were sometimes incorrectly interpreted as
1849:. It has been argued that she was one and the same as the primordial deity, but this view is not universally accepted and Manfred Krebernik argues it cannot be presently established if they were one and the same.
1386:. He was regarded as a divine judge, and kings were said to "render justice like Ištaran." A text from the late Early Dynastic Period invokes Ištaran to resolve a boundary dispute between the cities of Lagash and
2576:
Dumuzi-abzu is a local goddess who was the tutelary goddess of Kinunir, a settlement in the territory of the state of Lagash. Her name, which probably means "good child of the Abzu", was sometimes abbreviated to
2585:. It is possible that in Early Dynastic and Sargonic sources the name Dumuzi often referred to Dumuzi-abzu and not to the husband of Inanna. It is assumed that she belonged to the circle of deities connected to
597:, he eventually came to parallel Enlil as the chief of the gods. Some late sources go as far as omitting Enlil and Anu altogether, and state that Ea received his position from Marduk. His wife was the goddess
6791:
addressed to Urtaku, an Elamite ruler, as one of the deities meant to guarantee peace between the two monarchs, alongside Assyrian gods Ashur, Bel, Nabu, Sin, Shamash, Ishtar of Nineveh and Ishtar of Arbela.
5728:, a creature whose identity is currently unknown, rather than a human. Kulullu was described as a servant of Ea who carries a vessel from which it could pour a liquid symbolizing abundance and prosperity. In
1217:
Gula, Ninkarrak and Nintinugga all figure as separate deities with own courts. Dogs were associated with many healing goddesses and Gula in particular is often shown in art with a dog sitting beside her.
635:, or perhaps the hill atop which it was built. He initially lacked any connections to other deities, having no parents, spouse or children. The only goddess related to him, though in an unclear way, was
4404:
Ninmada was a god regarded as a brother of Ninazu, who was described as a snake charmer in the service of An or Enlil. A goddess bearing the same name appears among the assistants of Ninmah in the myth
2800:, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position. They take the dispute before Enlil, who rules in favor of Enten. The two gods rejoice and reconcile.
2654:, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position. They take the dispute before Enlil, who rules in favor of Enten. The two gods rejoice and reconcile.
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and the interpretation of dreams, but was also believed to assist the poor and the impoverished and ensure the accuracy of weights and measurements. She was also associated with fish and waterfowl. The
19108:
5946:
Unlike many other apotropaic creatures, it doesn't appear as a member of Tiamat's army defeated by Marduk in Enuma Elish, which might indicate it was viewed as more peaceful than other similar beings.
5890:
back to the Underworld. Amulets bearing his image were positioned in dwellings to protect infants from Lamashtu and pregnant women frequently wore amulets with his head on them as protection from her.
1654:
21046:
3396:, or personal attendant, of Enki. His name is related to the word meaning "having two faces" and he is shown in art with a face on either side of his head. He acts as Enki's messenger in the myths of
181:, which doesn't necessarily contradict the conventional definition of Anunnaki and doesn't explicitly identify them as gods of the Underworld. Unambiguous references to Anunnaki as chthonic come from
3649:
Lahar was a god associated with sheep. Research shows that he was usually regarded as a male deity, though he was initially interpreted as a goddess in Samuel Noah Kramer's translations. In the poem
5390:, in which she resists the sexual advances of her father Enki but he convinces her to let him in using a gift of fresh produce and the promise that he will marry her. Enki then intoxicates her with
3659:
are created by the Anunnaki to provide them with food. They produce large amounts of food, but become drunk with wine and start to quarrel, so Enki and Enlil intervene, declaring Ashnan the victor.
2986:. According to Julia M. Asher-Greve she was connected in myths to Geshtindudu, another minor goddess, by friendship alone, an uncommon connection between otherwise unrelated Mesopotamian goddesses.
2895:
are created by the Anunnaki to provide them with food. They produce large amounts of food, but become drunk with wine and start to quarrel, so Enki and Enlil intervene, declaring Ashnan the victor.
3129:. Haya was primarily a god of scribes, but he may have also been associated with grain and agriculture. He also served as a doorkeeper. In some texts, he is identified as the father of the goddess
2673:
sources the name Ninbilulu is also attested, though it's uncertain if it should be considered an alternate form, or a separate, possibly female, deity. The relation between Enbilulu, Ninbilulu and
6519:. While Hurrians did not worship this pair as personified deities, in Mesopotamia they appear as primordial gods in a handful of texts. Hamurnu (Hahharnum) alone appears in a copy of the god list
2343:
Belet-Seri ("mistress of the steppe") was a goddess who acted as the scribe of the underworld. She could be identified with Geshtinanna or with Gubarra, the Sumerian name of the spouse of Amurru,
7049:
Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. She is assumed to be an underworld deity of Hurrian origin.
2725:
in 1944. Initially it was assumed that it would end with Inanna choosing Enkimdu, but this interpretation was abandoned after more editions were compiled. In laments, he could be associated with
5164:
pleasures in life. The origin of her name is uncertain. A personal name understood as "she is my rampart" is attested in Mesopotamian sources from the reign of Third Dynasty of Ur, but the word
3904:
Mammitum was one of the goddesses who could be identified as the wife of Nergal. In the Old Babylonian period, she is the best attested among them. It is possible she was originally the wife of
1643:
times. Ninshubur was popular in the sphere of personal religion, for example as tutelary deity of a specific family, due to the belief she could mediate between humans and higher ranking gods.
5032:
both of them appear in association with Adad. Their character was regarded as destructive. They could be associated with Adad, either alone, alongside Shamash, or deities from his circle like
4791:, the patron goddess of Isin. In some texts, he is identified with Ninurta or Ningirsu. One Sumerian poem describes Pabilsag's journey to Nippur. Pabilsag was believed to be the constellation
1775:
could not have been written any earlier than the late second millennium BC, but it draws heavily on earlier materials, including various works written during the Akkadian, Old Babylonian, and
3587:, a type of prayers asking for help with an individual's problems. She was regarded as the personification of a type of ritual censer. A late text states that "the duck is the bird of Kusu."
6377:
Terracotta figurines of Athena are known from Seleucid Babylon, and she is also one of the most popular deities depicted on bullae from Seleucid Mesopotamia, which depict Athena of both the
111:
were given constant care and attention and a set of priests were assigned to tend to them. These priests would clothe the statues and place feasts before them so they could "eat". A deity's
5860:
destruction of Babylon. The apotropaic use of its depictions was likely connected to the belief that it served as a fearless protector of its divine masters, fighting evil on their behalf.
5014:, usually used to support this theory, recognizes him as Nergal's son, as the corresponding section contains a lacuna. Another possible restoration would instead make him the son of Ishum.
19059:
Dalley, Stephanie (2013). "Gods from north-eastern and north-western Arabia in cuneiform texts from the First Sealand Dynasty, and a cuneiform inscription from Tell en-Naṣbeh, c.1500 BC".
5538:
inscriptions it was also understood as a specific creature. Some texts indicate that bašmu possessed forelegs. A largely analogous creature was the muššàtùr, depicted as a horned cobra.
4854:
Sarpanit was the wife of Marduk. Her name was most likely derived from Sarpan, a village near Babylon, which in a myth about her marriage to Marduk was given to her by her father Enlil.
264:
as "Enlil of the gods," possibly reflecting the existence of a similar belief connected to him among his clergy too, though unlike the doctrine of supremacy of the moon god, accepted by
3091:Ĝatumdug was a goddess from the early pantheon of Lagash. While the meaning of her name is unknown, she was described as the city's mother, or its founder. According to inscriptions of
2466:, he leads Inanna through the seven gates of the underworld, removing one of her garments at each gate so that when she comes before Ereshkigal she is naked and symbolically powerless.
1970:. She eventually came to be regarded as the mother of Enki and was revered as an important mother goddess. Because the cuneiform sign used to write her name is the same as the sign for
6523:, where he is also explained as a name of Anu. Prior to the discovery that their names have Hurrian origin, Hahharnum and Hayashum were described as "little known primordial deities."
20532:
6578:
shows that his worship was adopted by Persians as well from the Elamites. While commonly proposed in the past, a connection between Humban and Humbaba is now regarded as implausible.
2264:
Aruru was initially a distinct minor goddess, regarded as violent and connected to vegetation; however, despite lack of a connection to birth or creation she was later conflated with
20031:
6303:. In addition to being envisioned as a couple, they shared an association with mountains and steppes. According to Steve A. Wiggins, while the names of the Mesopotamian Ashratum and
3423:, because the both of them are said to have been the husband of the goddess Ninmug. He was sometimes associated with the Underworld and was believed to exert a calming influence on
6347:
in Upper Mesopotamia in Seleucid and Roman times. In the syncretic environment of the Upper Euphrates in the early centuries CE, Atargatis was associated with Artemis, Athena, and
6214:
kings favoured Apollo as the patron deity of their dynasty and introduced his cult to Mesopotamia. Locally, Apollo was syncretised with Nabu, but the Greek-speaking communities of
5123:, where she is one of the seven assistants of the eponymous goddess, alongside Ninimma, Ninmada, Ninšar, Ninmug, Mumudu and Ninnigina. She could also be addressed as a daughter of
4966:
Shara was a local deity associated with the city of Umma, where his main temple was the E-mah. A fragment of a stone bowl inscribed with his name discovered in the rubbish dump at
4719:. Her husband was the god Birtum. The name Ninegal was sometimes used as her epithet, and it is possible in Dilbat she and the distinct goddess Ninegal were regarded as analogous.
4201:
Ninimma was a courtier of Enlil regarded as his scribe and sometimes as the nurse of his children. Like other goddesses from Enlil's circle she had a temple in Nippur. In the myth
236:. However, newer research shows that the arrangement of the top of the pantheon could vary depending on time period and location. The Fara god list indicates that sometimes Enlil,
23905:
18648:
276:
became the supreme god in Babylonia, and some late sources omit Anu and Enlil altogether and state that Ea received his position from Marduk. In some neo-Babylonian inscriptions
17821:
3419:
Sud (Ninlil) and Sudag, a title of the sun god's wife. He was a generally benevolent deity, who served as a night watchman and protector. He may be the same god as the Sumerian
1372:, which was located east of the Tigris river on the border between Mesopotamia and Elam. His wife was the goddess Šarrat-Dēri, whose name means "Queen of Der", or alternatively
1193:
A prominent place in the Mesopotamian pantheon was occupied by healing goddesses, regarded as divine patronesses of doctors and medicine-workers. Multiple such deities existed:
5821:
Lamashtu was a goddess with the "head of a lion, the teeth of a donkey, naked breasts, a hairy body, hands stained (with blood?), long fingers and fingernails, and the feet of
2392:
2900–2350 BC). It is certain that, during the later Early Dynastic Period, Gilgamesh was worshipped as a god at various locations across Sumer. In the twenty-first century BC,
21303:
4209:, called "Ea of the goldsmith" in an explanatory text. Occasional references to Ninimma as a male deity are also known, and in this context he was called "Ea of the scribe."
68:, an ambiguous substance which "covered them in terrifying splendor" and which could also be worn by heroes, kings, giants, and even demons. The effect that seeing a deity's
18225:
2095:
of Anu, and it has been proposed that she was originally an epithet of Ninshubur. Assyriologist Frans Wiggermann translates her name as "mother who cannot be pushed aside."
24034:
21577:
23749:
5662:
unusual appearance. His face was frequently compared to entrails of sacrificial animals. While connections to the minor god Humhum from northern Babylonia, to Elamite god
240:
and Enki were regarded as the three most significant deities. Inanna was also the most important deity in Uruk and a number of other political centers in the Uruk period.
4945:
Shala, also known as Medimsha ("having beautiful limbs") was the wife of the weather god Adad. She was a goddess of rain, and was often depicted naked on cylinder seals.
4250:
Ningirama was a goddess associated with incantations, water, and fish, and who was invoked for protection against snakes. It has been argued that she was conflated with
2481:
Bizilla was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya. It is assumed that like her she was a love goddess. She was also most likely regarded as the sukkal of Enlil's wife
1477:
Nanshe was a goddess associated with the state of Lagash, whose cult declined with the loss of political relevance of that city. She was a daughter of Enki and sister of
17870:
Elam and its neighbors recent research and new perspectives: proceedings of the international congress held at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, September 21–23, 2016
3635:, according to which he exalted the eponymous god in the "lower sea." He could be associated with other deities with marine associations, such as Sirsir and Lugal'abba.
19613:, London, England, New York City, New York, Melbourne, Australia, Toronto, Ontario, New Delhi, India, Auckland, New Zealand, and Rosebank, South Africa: Penguin Books,
973:
Ninurta, also known as Ningirsu, was a Mesopotamian warrior deity who was worshipped in Sumer from the very earliest times. He was the champion of the gods against the
755:
Nanna, Enzu or Zuen ("Lord of Wisdom") in Sumerian, later altered as Suen and Sin in Akkadian, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Moon. He was the son of Enlil and
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demons come to drag him down to the Underworld by hiding him in successively in four different places. In another myth about Dumuzid's death, she refuses to tell the
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Birtum was the husband of the prison goddess Nungal. The name, which means "fetter" or "shackle" in Akkadian, is grammatically feminine, but designates a male deity.
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Ninhegal was a goddess of abundance worshiped in Sippar. It is possible she can be identified as the goddess depicted with streams of water on seals from that city.
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from Enlil. In both stories, the creature is challenged by Ninurta, who defeats him and returns the stolen property to its rightful owner. In the Sumerian story of
1845:. It is possible Alala and Belili were paired together only because both names are iterative. The name Belili could also refer to a goddess regarded as a sister of
1761:. Later accounts are far more elaborate, adding multiple generations of gods and primordial beings. The longest and most famous of these accounts is the Babylonian
6726:, otherwise mostly a symbol of underworld gods, and scorpions, also associated with marriage. According to a Hurrian source she was viewed as a daughter of Enlil.
6549:, and he served an apotropaic function. Figures of Herakles have been found widely in Hatra and the cultic statue of Nergal used the iconography of the Greek god.
4869:Šarrāḫītu ("The glorified one") was a goddess worshiped in Babylon during the reign of Esarhaddon and later in Uruk. She was identified with Ashratum, the wife of
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Uraš is the earliest attested consort of Anu, as evidenced by Sumerian texts dating to the third millennium BCE. Her role as Anu's consort was later ascribed to
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in neo-Assyrian times. It is assumed that he was analogous to the Hurrian god Nupatik, possibly introduced to Arbela after a statue of him was seized in a war.
648:, but, with the growth of the Assyrian Empire, his cult was introduced to southern Mesopotamia. In Assyrian texts Bel was a title of Ashur, rather than Marduk.
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3292:, but seems to have been completely obscure during all other periods of Mesopotamian history. He was closely associated with the kings of the Akkadian Empire.
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Alala and Belili were ancestors of Anu, usually appearing as the final pair in god lists accepting this tradition of his ancestry. Alala was also adopted into
6426:, beyond the borders of sphere of direct Mesopotamian influence, where the corresponding cities were located. A seal inscription associates both of them with
6141:. Some documents associate her with Išḫara; in Hurrian sources they are well attested as a pair due to some shared functions. She is not to be confused with
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6995:. A temple dedicated to her was located in Babylon as well. She influenced the later Assyrian Ishtar of Nineveh, though the latter also shows influence from
2940:, "the smiling one," which is likely a reference to the frequent mention of smiles in Akkadian erotic literature. Her name is derived from the Akkadian word
323:, Utu was believed to be the Sun, and Nanna was the Moon. However, minor deities could be associated with planets too, for example Mars was sometimes called
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as the tutelary deity of Eshnunna. He shared most of his functions and attributes (ex. plough, two maces and various snakes and serpentine monsters such as
4547:. Ninsiana's gender varied depending on location. She is described in one text as the "holy torch who fills the heavens" and was frequently associated with
3840:. He seems to have primarily been a warrior-god, but he was also associated with domesticated animals. One hymn calls him the "master of the open country."
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Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. He was believed to guard streets and gates at night. King
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priestesses of Ningirsu." Her name can be translated as "the maid of the (lofty) way" and refers to a route of processions in Girsu in the state of Lagash.
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Musician goddesses always mentioned as a pair who were handmaidens of Shaushka. In Assyria they were incorporated into Ishtar's entourage in her temple in
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instead. Initially no city had Ninhursag as its tutelary goddess. Later her main temple was the E-Mah in Adab, originally dedicated to a minor male deity,
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seems to have originally been applied to the "great gods", but it later came to refer to all the gods of Heaven collectively. In some instances, the terms
7204:, also written in Babylon, represent the first unambiguous Judahite declaration of the non-existence of foreign deities and proclamation of Yahweh as the
5498:. In some descriptions, he has a "beak like a saw", indicating that he sometimes had the head of a bird. In Sumerian mythology, Imdugud steals the sacred
3924:, a goddess of birth or "divine midwife," some researchers assume they are one and the same. However, it has been proven that they were separate deities,
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was Nimgir, the deified lightning. In addition to being a weather god, Hadad was also a god of law and guardian of oaths, as well as a god of divination (
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Manzat ("Rainbow") was the Akkadian goddess of the rainbow. She was worshiped in Der, and was sometimes viewed as the wife of the city's tutelary god,
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Ama-arhus (Nin-amaʾarḫuššu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess
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Barjamovic, Gojko (2012). "Propaganda and practice in Assyrian and Persian imperial culture". In Bang, Peter Fibiger; Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz (eds.).
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Irnina was the goddess of victory. She could function as an independent deity from the court of Ningishzida, but also as a title of major goddesses.
1529:, who despite foreign origin had a similar character and attributes. Ninazu was also worshipped at Enegi in southern Sumer. His divine beast was the
19860:, Lanham, Maryland, Boulder, Colorado, New York City, New York, Toronto, Ontario, and Plymouth, England: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,
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Tadmuštum was the daughter of Nergal. She could be regarded as the wife of Šubula, and like him appears among underworld deities in known sources.
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Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian, was a god closely associated with Inanna, but their relationship is unclear and ambiguous. He appears in
593:. The expansion of his cult closely paralleled the historical rise of Babylon and, after assimilating various local deities, including a god named
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Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
4486:. She is only attested in texts from Ur and Puzrish-Dagan from the Ur III period, though it is also possible that she was worshiped in Gishbanda.
173:(tutelary deities) of all the countries." While it is common in modern literature to assume that in some contexts the term was instead applied to
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Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban were a pair of goddesses venerated in the Ur III period. They were most likely introduced from the area north of
5255:. Tashmetu is associated with wisdom and sexual attractiveness, a quality which she shares with Inanna and Nanaya. A poetic composition from the
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Nintu is a Sumerian mother goddess associated with childbirth. Her name literally means "Lady of Birth". She may just be an aspect of Ninhursag.
4581:. Later their genders were switched around, possibly due to confusion between the male Mesopotamian Ninsikila and a similarly named goddess from
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indicate that Nabu could take precedence even over the supreme Babylonian god Marduk. His cult also spread beyond Mesopotamia, to cities such as
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Potter, David S. (1991). "The Inscriptions on the Bronze Herakles from Mesene: Vologeses IV's War with Rome and the Date of Tacitus'" Annales".
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Pabilshag was a god whose worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. He was believed to be the son of Enlil and the husband of
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Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. He is the husband of the goddess
23294:"Haya (god); Spouse of Nidaba/Nissaba, goddess of grain and scribes, he is known both as a "door-keeper" and associated with the scribal arts."
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Eventually Gula became the preeminent healing goddess, and other healing goddesses were sometimes syncretised with her, though in the god list
177:
Underworld deities, this view is regarded as unsubstantiated by assyriologist Dina Katz, who points out that it relies entirely on the myth of
64:. They were thought to possess extraordinary powers and were often envisioned as being of tremendous physical size. The deities typically wore
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sometimes associated with Utu/Shamash, as his son or courtier. His attribute was likely fleece. In some sources Enkidu was compared with him.
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Enmesharra was a minor deity of the underworld. Seven, eight or fifteen other minor deities were said to be his offspring. His symbol was the
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Urkitum was in origin an epithet of Ishtar meaning "the Urukean," who eventually developed into a separate goddess. It is possible she was a
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Ezina, or Ashnan in Akkadian, was a goddess of grain. She was commonly associated with Kusu, a goddess of purification. In the Sumerian poem
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3612:). He was associated with the underworld. He was also worshiped in Elam, where he was associated with Ishmekarab and the underworld judge
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2295:, which could be understood both as "bride" and "daughter in law". She was especially popular during the Old Babylonian Period and the
18187:
Armstrong, James A. (1996), "Uruk", in Fagan, Brian M.; Beck, Charlotte; Michaels, George; Scarre, Chris; Silberman, Neil Asher (eds.),
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Nabarbi ("she of Nawar") was Hurrian goddess possibly analogous to Belet Nagar. In Mesopotamian sources she is attested in the Assyrian
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Meskilak was a Dilmunite goddess and the wife of Inzak. The Mesopotamians viewed her as a daughter of Enki and Ninhursag under the name
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3509:, the entrance to the underworld. In late theological sources she was regarded as Nanaya's hairdresser and one of the two "daughters of
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Figures appearing in theogonies were generally regarded as ancient and no longer active (unlike the regular gods) by the Mesopotamians.
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Tutu was the tutelary god of Borsippa at least between Ur III and Old Babylonian periods. Later he was syncretised with Marduk, and in
4306:, Dumuzid and Ningishzida are described as guarding the gates of the highest Heaven. Ningishzida was associated with the constellation
3783:. Two epic poems about Lugalbanda describe him successfully crossing dangerous mountains alone, though hindered by severe illness. The
3038:, the queen of the Underworld. His name probably originally meant "canal inspector of An" and he may be merely an alternative name for
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documents from Sippar she sometimes appeared as a divine witness. A similarly named and possibly related goddess, Annu, was popular in
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Ugallu ("big day" or "big weather beast") was a class of beings in Mesopotamian mythology, attested after the Ur III period. The term
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she's one of the seven birth goddesses, the other 6 being Shuzianna, Ninmada, Ninshar, Ninmug, Mumudu and Ninniginna. Her husband was
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Nanibgal was initially a title or alternate name of Nisaba, but eventually developed into a distinct goddess attested in the god list
3908:
rather than Nergal, and was only introduced to Kutha alongside him. Her name might mean "oath" or "frost" (based on similarity to the
639:. Later he was syncretized with Enlil, and as a result Ninlil was sometimes regarded as his wife, and Ninurta and Zababa as his sons.
24233:
22065:"Comments on the Translatability of Divinity: Cultic and Theological Responses to the Presence of the Other in the Ancient near East"
1535:, a serpentine dragon-like mythical creature, which was later also associated with Tishpak, Marduk (and by extension Nabu) and after
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20679:
Grenzüberschreitungen Studien zur Kulturgeschichte des Alten Orients: Festschrift für Hans Neumann zum 65. Geburtstag am 9. Mai 2018
3693:. Wilfred G. Lambert proposed that Laṣ was a goddess of healing, as an explanatory version of the Weidner god list equates her with
24088:
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Sherida (Sumerian) or Aya (Akkadian) was the wife of the sun god Utu/Shamash and the goddess of dawn. Her most common epithet was
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Ereshkigal was the queen of the Mesopotamian Underworld. She lived in a palace known as Ganzir. In early accounts, her husband is
24280:
21544:
17907:
224:, writing in 1963, stated that the three most important deities in the Mesopotamian pantheon during all periods were the deities
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The Sumerians regarded Inzak as the chief god of the Dilmunite pantheon, but the Dilmunites themselves regarded him as a god of
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and honoured the god under the name Apollo, using a mixture of Greek and Mesopotamian iconography. A cult of Apollo and Artemis
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Mamu or Mamud was the daughter of Aya and Shamash, worshiped in Sippar. She was the goddess of dreams. Her husband was Bunene.
1865:
In some myths and god lists, Anshar and Kishar are a primordial couple, who are male and female respectively. In the Babylonian
319:. Many major deities in Sumerian mythology were associated with specific celestial bodies: Inanna was believed to be the planet
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repudiates her sexual advances. Anu gives it to her and she unleashes it on the world, causing mass destruction. Gilgamesh and
5510:
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Nunusdug was a minor goddess from the city of Kisiga, attested only in the Early Dynastic period. Her name means "good woman."
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and plants it in the ground, resulting in the growth of eight new plants, which Enki later eats. She also appears in the myth
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it was Zababa, rather than Ninurta, who was regarded as the primary war god. He was initially regarded as a son of Enlil, but
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Tammuz, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of shepherds and the primary consort of the goddess Inanna. His sister is the goddess
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An Elamite goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar by modern researchers, but incorrectly assumed to be an alternate name of
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and developed a distinct apotropaic role as early as in the Old Babylonian period. Mesopotamians viewed her as sister of the
5432:
Wer was a weather god worshiped chiefly in northern Babylonia and in Assyria. He appears in an Old Babylonian version of the
119:
which were normally stored inside their temples and were used to transport their cult statues along waterways during various
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Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian was a minor god worshiped in Dilbat as the son of the city's tutelary god,
24228:
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18777:
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was probably written and compiled after the exile, when the Jews were allowed to return to their homeland by the Persians.
4810:
Panigingarra was a god worshiped in Adab who was the son of Ninhursag and Shulpa'e. One inscription calls him the "lord of
4758:. He was a member of a group of deities that were worshipped in Harran during the Neo-Assyrian Period by the predominately
18581:
3054:
that she is descending to the Underworld to attend the funeral of "Gugalanna, the husband of my elder sister Ereshkigal".
1869:, they are the second pair of offspring born from Abzu and Tiamat and the parents of the supreme An. A partial rewrite of
24310:
23965:
23940:
23922:
8448:"Star-god: Enki/Ea and the biblical god as expressions of a common ancient Near Eastern astral-theological symbol system"
4230:
Ninkilim was a deity who was associated with mongooses, which are common throughout southern Mesopotamia. According to a
2670:
2385:
1918:
22365:
20079:
6931:
proposes that her worship was transmitted there from a Mesopotamian source. An Akkadian god list known from a copy from
2757:
Ennugi was a god regarded as "lord of ditch and canal" and "chamberlain of Enlil." Based on similar meaning of the name
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24125:
24066:
23687:
23058:
6575:
23137:
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1980:, it is highly probable that she was originally conceived as the personification of the subterranean primeval waters.
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19963:
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978:
22778:
Von Göttern und Menschen: Beiträge zu Literatur und Geschichte des Alten Orients. Festschrift für Brigitte Groneberg
22187:
6745:, Jabru was a god similar to Anu or Enlil. While described as Elamite, he is not attested in any sources from Elam.
4152:
Ningikuga is a goddess of reeds and marshes. Her name means "Lady of the Pure Reed". She is the daughter of Anu and
3809:
Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea are a set of twin gods who were worshipped in the village of Kisiga, located in northern
1169:
252:
was the king of the gods, and Anu, Enlil and Enki merely his advisers, likely a view espoused by Nanna's priests in
24629:
24093:
23277:
23034:
22217:
Richter, T. (2004). "Untersuchenungen zu den lokalen Panthea Süd- und Mittelbabyloniens in altbabylonidcher Zeit".
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19088:
18172:
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5886:. He was a beneficent entity who protected against winds bearing pestilence and he was thought to be able to force
5724:
Kulullu ("fish man") was an apotropaic creature depicted a centaur-like fish-man. In one text it has the head of a
4254:, the deity of mongooses, at an early date, but she is a distinct deity as late as during the reign of Esarhaddon.
2777:
2631:
1307:
his position is similar to that of Sin, Shamash and Ishtar. Ishkur is already attested as the god of Karkar in the
22150:
20883:
19092:
18485:
18208:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
6954:
Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. She appears with her husband in cylinder seal inscriptions from the
3252:, "the river that receives man" or "the river which confronts man," could refer both to him and to the procedure.
1874:
other late sources Anshar was sometimes listed among "conquered" mythical antagonists. In a fragmentary text from
437:
could not look upon him. His cult was closely tied to the holy city of Nippur and, after Nippur was sacked by the
24258:
22860:
22231:
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4999:
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to him there in around 100 AD. He was a syncretic deity, combining elements of Greco-Roman and Babylonian cults.
2325:
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and his name may be etymologically derived from a phrase meaning "Lord of the Good Tree". In the Sumerian poem,
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659:
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22720:
22668:
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22503:
22409:
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22007:
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21835:
21635:
21250:
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20243:
Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C.: Revised Edition
19563:
17891:
6787:
An Elamite deity known chiefly from a passage mentioning "the forest of Manziniri." She appears in a letter of
3651:
2887:
1011:
248:, rather than Enki, as the third most prominent deity. An Old Babylonian source preserves a tradition in which
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23733:
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23453:
23372:
22584:
22253:
Rogers, John H. (1998), "Origins of the Ancient Astronomical Constellations: I: The Mesopotamian Traditions",
22090:
21965:
21871:
21795:
19969:
19652:
19500:
19206:
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18374:
18101:
7090:). It is agreed that he had foreign roots. While in early scholarly works Hurrian origin (and a connection to
5800:, a singular Lahmu and his consort Lahamu (whose name is derived from the same root) are a primordial couple.
5028:
Shullat and Hanish were a pair of gods regarded as twins, and usually mentioned together. In tablet XI of the
1966:
Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and
24619:
24443:
24154:
23651:
22877:"An/Anu (god): Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian"
21348:
21090:
20194:
5504:(the clay tablets recording all the aspects of civilization) from Enki. In Akkadian mythology, he steals the
5374:
Uttu was the goddess of weaving. Her name was a term for a part of a loom and a cognate of the Sumerian verb
4102:
in some locations. "Ninegal" could also function as an epithet of other deities, especially Inanna, but also
3317:
in which he tells Anu that the reason why the south wind does not blow is because Adapa, the priest of Ea in
1271:. The city god of Kish, Zababa, became her husband. She remained a major goddess of that city as late as the
914:
of Kish (c. 2700 BCE). She was the wife of Enki, though in some locations (including Nippur) her husband was
713:, where in sources from the late first millennium BCE he is the most frequently attested foreign god next to
291:, the most powerful and important deities in the pantheon were sometimes called the "seven gods who decree":
21720:
James, Peter; Van der Sluijs, Marius Anthony (2008), "Ziggurats, Colors, and Planets: Rawlinson Revisited",
19801:
The other gods who are: studies in Elamite-Iranian acculturation based on the Persepolis fortification texts
18940:
6351:. In Dura-Europos, she had a temple separate from that of Artemis and shared iconographic similarities with
5743:
5585:
after defeating it may be an effort to explain why the constellation seems to be missing its hind quarters.
4609:
Ninsun was a goddess whose name can be understood as "lady of the wild cows." She was the divine consort of
3176:Ḫegir, later known as Ḫegirnunna, was one of the seven deities referred to as "septuplets of Bau" or "seven
885:
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19453:
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Silili is an obscure goddess who was apparently the mother of all horses. She is only attested once in the
4551:. Her worship is first attested during the Third Dynasty of Ur and she continued to be venerated until the
4047:
and in a number of rituals. She had her own spouse, Ennugi, and own distinct role as a courtier of Ninlil.
3008:
1675:
almost entirely disappeared from records. Texts mentioning Nisaba are sporadically attested as far west as
23789:
19505:, Berkeley, California, Los Angeles, California, and London, England: The University of California Press,
19171:"Religious continuity and change in Parthian Mesopotamia: A note on the survival of Babylonian traditions"
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866:
is forced to take her place in the Underworld. Alongside her twin brother Utu, Inanna was the enforcer of
24059:
20046:
7159:
5559:
The Bull of Heaven is a mythical beast that Ishtar demands from her father Anu in both the Sumerian poem
4792:
2827:
and he eventually came to be seen as merely an aspect of him. The names came to be used interchangeably.
449:
of the Babylonians, and Assur, who fulfilled an analogous role for the Assyrians. He was associated with
22900:
22685:"A New Join to the Hurro-Akkadian Version of the Weidner God List from Emar (Msk 74.108a + Msk 74.158k)"
21182:
21092:
Celibacy in the Ancient World: Its Ideal and Practice in Pre-Hellenistic Israel, Mesopotamia, and Greece
19920:"Erra (god); God of war and plagues, who later became closely associated with the underworld god Nergal"
3787:
makes him a shepherd, who reigned for 1,200 years. He has a close relationship with the goddess Inanna.
24178:
24130:
24002:
21327:
5260:
Tashmetu is attested relatively late and is not mentioned in texts prior to the Old Babylonian Period.
5251:, the god of scribes and wisdom; in Babylonian mythology, this role is instead assigned to the goddess
3792:
1817:
who was killed by the god Ea (Enki). Abzu was the personification of the subterranean primeval waters.
128:
23179:
Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit and Israel: Continuity and Changes in the Forms of Religious Life
7200:
was probably edited and redacted by Judahite priests living in Babylon during the exile. The works of
4325:
Ningublaga was associated with cattle. He was believed to oversee the herds belonging to the moon god
3889:
Mami or Mama is a mother goddess whose name means "mother". She may be the same goddess as Ninhursag.
2963:. She was the sister of Dumuzid, the god of shepherds. In one myth, she protects her brother when the
24624:
24428:
24393:
24071:
23980:
23316:
Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (1997). "Nanaya: Lady of Mystery". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).
20218:
Klein, Jacob (1997). "The God Martu in Sumerian Literature". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).
19896:"Tašmetu (goddess); Divine consort of the god Nabu, associated with wisdom and sexual attractiveness"
19895:
6032:
Ušumgallu ("prime venomous snake") was an apotropaic snake monster similar to bašmu. In the god list
21982:"The Literary Corpus of the Old Babylonian Larsa Dynasties: New Texts, New Readings, and Commentary"
20119:
6545:
In Mesopotamia, the cult of Herakles was syncretised with the cults of Nergal and the Persian deity
6265:
was brought from Antioch to Seleucia on the Eulaios in Elymais. The Greek settlers on the island of
3213:
Humhum was a minor god worshiped in Dūr-Šarruku (also known as Sippar-Aruru) in northern Babylonia.
24320:
24193:
24054:
24022:
24012:
23293:
19919:
6696:. During the Neo-Babylonian Period, Inzak was identified with Nabu under the latter's name Mu'ati.
2713:
as the personification of the irrigation system, though the evidence is scarce. ppears in the myth
2380:
Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of
1628:
1251:
elevated Bau's rank to equal of that of Ningirsu, and called her "Queen who decides the destiny in
441:
in 1230 BC, his cult fell into decline. He was eventually paralleled in his role as chief deity by
416:
268:, it found no royal support at any point in time. In Zabban, a city in the northeast of Babylonia,
190:
24223:
21734:
6322:
4506:
the court of Enlil and was regarded as his personal butcher. Her husband was Erragal. In the myth
3501:
Kanisurra (also Gansurra, Ganisurra) was a goddess from the entourage of Nanaya. She was known as
2850:
I 316, Erragal is listed as the husband of the goddess Ninisig and is equated with Nergal. in the
24418:
24403:
24263:
24173:
23204:
19170:
7234:
7197:
7004:
6498:
6266:
6235:
6142:
5265:
5256:
3345:, both in legal documents and in texts about the underworld. Ishmekarab's gender is unclear, but
23945:
6882:, equated with "Divine Seven of Elam" – a Mesopotamian grouping of Elamite gods – in god lists.
6515:
Hahharnum and Hayyashum were the Mesopotamian adaptation of Hurrian words for heaven and earth,
5825:." She was believed to feed on the blood of human infants and was widely blamed as the cause of
3746:
Lugala'abba ("Lord of the Sea") was a god associated both with the sea and with the underworld.
3133:. He was worshipped mostly during the Third Dynasty of Ur, when he had temples in the cities of
2792:), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods:
2646:), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods:
2215:
Asarluhi was originally a local god of the village of Kuara, which was located near the city of
1255:." This made her the highest ranking goddess of the local pantheon of Lagash, putting her above
24485:
24465:
24408:
24358:
24330:
24305:
24213:
23990:
23975:
23960:
23142:
Struggles of Gods: Papers of the Groningen Work Group for the Study of the History of Religions
21729:
21399:
20114:
6215:
5578:
3814:
249:
23679:
22776:
19455:
The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts
19354:
19029:
6601:. In Mesopotamia she was worshiped alongside other western deities, such as Dagan and Išḫara.
1913:
Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the
24554:
24505:
24470:
24453:
24433:
24388:
24383:
24378:
24290:
24243:
24108:
23935:
23177:
7177:
6874:
An Elamite goddess known from Susa who in Mesopotamia was regarded as analogous to Ishtar or
6040:
of Ninkilim, while in some later texts it is stated to be Nabu's dragon instead of mušḫuššu.
4940:
4307:
2409:
2296:
1604:
1487:
1298:
1272:
1268:
1108:
1000:
rivers to make them useful for irrigation. His major symbols were a perched bird and a plow.
22683:
Simons, Frank (2017), Hazenbos, Joost; Mittermayer; Novák, Mirko; Suter, Claudia E. (eds.),
21628:
Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi
7024:
Shuqamuna and Shumaliya were a pair of Kassite gods regarded as the tutelary deities of the
6074:
4859:
1882:
times he is seemingly vanquished by Enki and an otherwise little known goddess Ninamakalla.
1368:
Ištaran was a prominent god, who served as the tutelary deity of the Sumerian city-state of
24564:
24517:
24512:
24480:
24142:
22425:
22262:
19722:
Harris, Rivkah (February 1991), "Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites",
18689:
7193:
5911:
A group of 7 anthropomorphic figures variously described as servants of Nergal, as sons of
5119:
Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. She also appears in the myth
4814:." In late sources he was syncretised with Ninurta. He appears in a poorly preserved myth,
4759:
3727:. In Sumerian times, Lisin was viewed as a mother goddess. She is identified with the star
2960:
2932:
Gazbaba was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya, like her connected with erotic love.
2863:
851:
115:
was believed to be that deity's literal place of residence. The gods had boats, full-sized
24285:
22775:
Staiger, Annabelle (2010). Shehata, Dahlia; Weiershäuser, Frauke; Zand, Kamran V. (eds.).
7192:, and deported the elite members of Judahite society to Babylon in an event known as the "
5838:
4978:, Shara is one of the three deities who come to greet her upon her return. In the myth of
4715:
with the epithet Ninkurra, "lady of the underworld." According to one hymn her mother was
1531:
8:
24549:
24353:
24168:
23173:
22901:"Ninsi'anna (god/goddess); Deity of the planet Venus; an aspect of Inana/Ištar as Venus."
19097:, New York City, new York and London, England: Continuum International Publishing Group,
18961:
The Hellenistic settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India
7098:
etymology for his name, as well as for the name of his son Nanshak known from god lists.
6887:
6566:
Humban was an Elamite god associated with the concept of kingship and divine protection (
5787:
4642:
4009:
3855:
Reading of the theonym LUM-ma is unclear. The god bearing it was regarded as a guardian (
3686:
2705:
Enkimdu is described as the "lord of dike and canal". His character has been compared to
2362:
1260:
132:
22266:
22107:"Ishtar of Nineveh and Her Collaborator, Ishtar of Arbela, in the Reign of Assurbanipal"
19611:
The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian
16381:
6238:
in the Persian Gulf, which had a garrison who built many structures in the Greek style.
5651:
5472:
3474:). Kakka is not to be confused with a different unrelated deity named Kakka, known from
974:
24315:
24270:
24083:
24049:
23871:
23364:
23269:
23026:
22876:
22852:
22844:
22712:
22174:
22142:
22134:
21915:
21787:
21755:
21747:
21415:
20875:
20867:
20327:
20319:
20237:
20186:
19747:
19739:
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19193:
18477:
18469:
18164:
18051:
18043:
17991:
17947:
17852:
6793:
6594:
6583:
5667:
5019:
3784:
3346:
2722:
2320:
1914:
394:
221:
120:
53:
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia and its major cities relative to modern landmarks
22476:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies: Part II"
20067:"The Worship of the Skygod: A Comparative Study in Semitic and Indo-European Religion"
18925:, Orientalische Relionen in der Antik, vol. 16, Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck,
6852:
text, where she appears alongside Kumarbi and Samnuha as one of the deities of Taite.
6504:
5348:
5340:
5339:, a divine representation of the city of Uruk itself. She was closely associated with
5037:
3072:
and thus sister of Damu. She was not associated with other healing goddesses, such as
1619:, Ninshubur rescues Inanna from the monsters that Enki sends to capture her, while in
1577:, normally regarded as the son of Shamash and his wife, is instead the son of Ninlil.
24579:
24398:
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23997:
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23835:
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20099:
20085:
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19999:
19989:
19959:
19881:
19861:
19835:
19820:"The Hellenistic Archives from Tel Kedesh (Israel) and Seleucia-on-the-Tigris (Iraq)"
19804:
19785:
19751:
19674:
19644:
19634:
19614:
19593:
19583:
19553:
19534:
19524:
19506:
19487:
19477:
19459:
19440:
19430:
19409:
19377:(16), Chicago, Illinois: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: 127–140
19339:
19298:
19257:
19240:
19230:
19212:
19197:
19157:
19147:
19129:
19098:
19076:
19035:
19012:
18993:
18983:
18964:
18946:
18926:
18905:
18864:
18823:
18783:
18753:
Budin, Stephanie L. (2004), "A Reconsideration of the Aphrodite-Ashtart Syncretism",
18739:
18674:
18656:
18634:
18609:
18589:
18566:
18527:
18481:
18461:
18404:
18394:
18350:
18340:
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18129:
18093:
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18035:
17983:
17939:
17913:
17883:
17873:
17856:
17811:
17791:
7189:
6955:
6648:
6431:
5565:
5433:
3909:
3681:, she became the goddess most commonly identified as such starting with the reign of
3564:
2852:
2608:
2423:
2414:
2272:
instead, in which case the conflation was meant to highlight the latter's authority.
2151:
1893:
1431:
1202:
Ninkarrak, most likely of Akkadian, rather than Sumerian, origin, worshiped in Sippar
690:
288:
85:
81:
24295:
22426:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part I"
21692:
Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod
20066:
19986:
A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:A-nu-umm and AN:Anu šá Ameli
18500:
Beckman, Gary (1999). "The Goddess Pirinkir and Her Ritual from Ḫattuša (CTH 644)".
5844:
2142:
2334 BC – 2154 BC) as a consort for Anu, and appears in such a role in the god list
1095:
112:
18:
24595:
24583:
24539:
24423:
24325:
24300:
24208:
24120:
24113:
24098:
23914:
23853:
23675:
23348:
23253:
23212:
22828:
22782:
22696:
22487:
22440:
22118:
21899:
21779:
21739:
21559:
21407:
21277:
20851:
20311:
20170:
20124:
19951:
19831:
19731:
19703:
19185:
19068:
19025:
18762:
18517:
18509:
18453:
18268:
18121:
18027:
17844:
7163:
7095:
5284:
4330:
3960:
2915:
2679:
1838:
1834:
1373:
1328:
1196:
Nintinugga, "mistress who revives the dead," worshiped in Ninlil's temple in Nippur
867:
686:
676:
182:
124:
61:
23592:
23069:
22965:
21986:
Studia Mesopotamica 3: Jahrbuch für altorientalische Geschichte und Kultur. Band 3
21480:
21381:
The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies
20633:
20592:
19819:
19759:
19383:
5577:
eventually slay the bull. The Bull of Heaven is identified with the constellation
4896:, the local god of the Sumerian city-state of Der. Her name means "Queen of Der".
4750:
Nusku is the god of fire and light. He was the son and minister of Enlil. The god
2782:
2636:
2304:
1897:
Enlil instead. They appear for the first time in an incantation from the reign of
1394:
of Lagash mentions himself having installed a shrine for Ištaran in the temple of
854:, in which she attempts to conquer the Underworld, the domain of her older sister
49:
24413:
24248:
24198:
23970:
23829:
23809:
23551:
23510:
23469:
23388:
22924:
22735:
22519:
22304:
22023:
21651:
21439:
21110:
20981:
20940:
20899:
20798:
20757:
20716:
20551:
20462:
20421:
20380:
20339:
20272:
19668:
19630:
The Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: introduction, critical edition and cuneiform texts
19424:
19313:
19272:
19006:
18879:
18838:
18797:
18713:
18603:
18540:
18291:
18272:
18244:
16390:
7025:
6797:
6615:
5796:
5697:
Kingaludda was a demon whose name means "director of the storm." In the god list
5002:. It is assumed that the name is etymologically connected with the Akkadian word
4552:
4326:
3289:
3241:
2911:
2789:
2686:
2643:
2611:
proposed that she should be understood as a deification of the ewe (adult female
2254:
2135:
1994:
1879:
1875:
1809:
1763:
1745:
Various civilizations over the course of Mesopotamian history had many different
1445:
1339:
1077:
814:
722:
308:
107:, but that a god's statue was a physical embodiment of the god himself. As such,
24029:
23883:
23111:
Immigration and emigration within the ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipiński
21944:
Studia Mesopotamica: Jahrbuch für altorientalische Geschichte und Kultur. Band 1
20128:
18776:(2005), "Chapter Twenty: Near Eastern Connections", in Foley, John Miles (ed.),
18649:"Issues and Problems in the Contemporary Debate Regarding the Priestly Writings"
7224:
6863:
6633:
5732:
a pair of kulullu statues (one male and one female) guarded the temple of Nabu.
5482:
5382:(spider). She was worshiped in E-ešgar ("house of work assignment), part of the
1826:
24534:
24203:
24183:
24149:
24137:
24007:
23985:
23352:
22491:
22444:
22300:
20174:
20017:
Toward the Image of Tammuz and Other Essays on Mesopotamian History and Culture
18773:
18766:
7239:
7181:
6685:
5543:
5500:
4348:
Ninigizibara was a deified harp who could be regarded as an advisor of Inanna.
3921:
3876:
3736:
3698:
3573:
2761:
to the former title, it has been proposed that they might have been analogous.
2318:
The name Bēl-ṣarbi means "lord of the poplar" (the tree meant is assumed to be
2188:
2147:
2121:
2064:
1998:, after the separation of heaven and earth, the goddess Tiamat and her consort
1906:
1148:
1024:
681:
Nabu was the Mesopotamian god of scribes and writing. His wife was the goddess
552:
287:
The number seven was extremely important in ancient Mesopotamian cosmology. In
156:
Various terms were employed to describe groups of deities. The collective term
22786:
22292:
22122:
21888:"UET 6/1, 74, the Hymnic Introduction of a Sumerian Letter-Prayer to Ninšubur"
21563:
20696:
20504:"Drachenmutter und Himmelsrebe? Zur Frühgeschichte Dumuzis und seiner Familie"
20302:
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised",
19955:
19161:
18653:
The strata of the priestly writings: contemporary debate and future directions
18031:
17887:
17848:
5436:, which states that the cedar mountain belonged to him, and that he appointed
5040:. Shulgi of Ur built a temple dedicated to them, but its location is unknown.
4596:
4459:
Ninmug was the tutelary goddess of metal workers. She was the wife of the god
4206:
1038:. He was also associated with forest fires (and identified with the fire-god,
24613:
24544:
24495:
24438:
24373:
24103:
23729:
23360:
23265:
23226:
23022:
22840:
22708:
22664:
22499:
22452:
22130:
22086:
22003:
21961:
21911:
21867:
21831:
21299:
21246:
21081:
20863:
20182:
20136:
20003:
19244:
19080:
18531:
18465:
18354:
18333:"A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17–19: No One Has Seen What I Have Seen"
18160:
18097:
18039:
18026:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq, Cambridge University Press: 3–17.
17987:
17943:
17787:
When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David
7201:
6893:
6453:
5871:
5441:
5060:
4476:
3766:
3694:
3677:
Laṣ was one of the goddesses who could be regarded as the wife of Nergal. In
3142:
3119:
2277:
2210:
1746:
1230:
1224:
1069:
631:. It has been proposed that originally he was the deification of the city of
23:
23769:
23449:
23128:
22622:
22580:
22405:
21411:
21210:
21042:
20528:
19648:
19597:
19538:
19491:
19444:
19189:
18997:
18513:
18408:
18145:"A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols"
6701:
4278:
Ningishzida is a god who normally lives in the Underworld. He is the son of
2811:
2111:, and one of the two sisters of Ningishzida. She is known from the god list
538:. Enki was the divine benefactor of humanity, who helped humans survive the
24460:
24368:
22781:. Cuneiform Monographs (in German). Vol. 41. Brill. pp. 225–236.
22700:
21813:
God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia
21614:
6987:
Shaushka was a Hurrian goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar ("Ishtar of
6928:
6927:
in the past. She was also worshiped by Hurrians in Syria and Anatolia, and
6344:
6300:
6182:
6092:
5826:
5295:
4870:
4800:
4689:
4483:
4338:
4333:
role, and appears in many incantations, for example against scorpion bite.
3989:
3929:
3714:
3682:
3518:
3283:
3051:
2726:
2486:
2235:
2184:
1967:
1707:
1692:
1662:
1440:
1239:
1122:
898:
706:
556:, the tablets concerning all aspects of human life. He was associated with
450:
446:
386:
23857:
23257:
23217:
20511:
Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke
18631:
Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
18125:
6019:
5216:
5006:, "to dry" or "to be dry." A less likely proposal instead derives it from
3631:
Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. He appears in the text
2249:. His mother replaced him as the tutelary deity of Adab in later periods.
1199:
Ninisina, who in addition to her primary role was also the goddess of Isin
24559:
24500:
24448:
24253:
23205:"The Family God in Old Babylonian and Especially in Old Assyrian Sources"
21903:
21768:"Two New Sumerian Texts Involving The Netherworld and Funerary Offerings"
21209:, Religion & Ethics, The British Broadcasting Company, archived from
18942:
The Origin of Biblical Traditions: Hebrew Legends in Babylonia and Israel
18522:
10738:
9081:
7054:
6823:. She was sometimes referred to as Nin-Dilmun, meaning "Lady of Dilmun".
6627:
6546:
6401:
6390:
6152:
6068:
5857:
5685:
Kilili was a demon or minor goddess who served as a messenger of Ishtar.
5303:
4950:
4887:
4688:, Numushda's unnamed daughter insists on marrying the nomadic desert god
4659:. He was identified with snakes and may appear in the form of a snake on
4650:
4521:
4259:
4220:
3981:
3967:
3640:
3613:
3605:
3475:
3342:
3154:
2979:
2949:
2892:
2566:
2462:) of the underworld. In older publications his name was read as Neti. In
2231:
2195:
1946:
1898:
1720:
1684:
1683:, though it is uncertain if she was actively venerated further west than
1536:
1518:
1416:. A reference to Ištaran as a dying god appears also in a late text from
1369:
1361:
1308:
1081:
894:
710:
606:
364:
324:
281:
100:
77:
23273:
23109:
van der Toorn, Karel (1995). "Migration and the Spread of Local Cults".
23030:
22647:
Ancient Near Eastern art in context: studies in honor of Irene J. Winter
22178:
21783:
21751:
21743:
21322:
20098:
Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001), Kõiva, Mare; Kuperjanov, Andres (eds.),
18168:
18047:
17995:
17951:
17790:, New York City, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 130–131,
17761:
17725:
15373:
15371:
14854:
14852:
14850:
14848:
14567:
14565:
14563:
14550:
14548:
14546:
14533:
14531:
14288:
14286:
14065:
14063:
14061:
13929:
13927:
13925:
13923:
13871:
13869:
13867:
13865:
13395:
13393:
13391:
13389:
12736:
12734:
11848:
11846:
11844:
11842:
11840:
11838:
11836:
11676:
11674:
11661:
11659:
11634:
11632:
11630:
11530:
11528:
11503:
11501:
11358:
11356:
11354:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10676:
10674:
10672:
10469:
10467:
9729:
9727:
9652:
9650:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9059:
5064:
4767:
3268:
2324:) in Akkadian. He could also function as one of the gods connected with
1490:
revived (or continued) her cult, making her the royal tutelary goddess.
1034:
Nergal was associated with the Underworld and is usually the husband of
775:
24475:
24363:
23300:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy,
23241:
23006:
22907:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy,
22883:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy,
22562:
Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen Stadtstaates von Lagaš
22238:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy,
22138:
20871:
20323:
20241:
19926:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy,
19902:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy,
19743:
19373:
Falkenstein, A. (1965), "Die Anunna in der sumerischen Überlieferung",
18473:
18144:
18015:
17971:
17927:
17866:"Puzur-Inšušinak, the last king of Akkad? Text and Image Reconsidered."
15005:
15003:
14818:
14816:
14814:
14684:
14682:
14506:
14504:
14502:
14412:
14410:
14408:
14242:
14240:
13852:
13850:
13848:
13617:
13615:
13613:
13611:
12801:
12755:
12753:
12751:
12749:
12599:
12597:
12595:
12593:
12591:
12578:
12576:
12574:
12340:
12338:
12336:
12194:
11593:
11591:
10836:
9815:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9771:
9769:
9754:
9744:
9742:
9690:
9688:
9686:
9684:
9671:
9669:
9667:
9665:
9635:
9625:
9623:
9598:
9596:
9594:
9592:
9590:
9134:
9112:
9110:
9108:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9043:
9041:
9039:
9014:
9012:
9010:
9008:
9006:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7244:
7205:
7169:
7139:
7131:
6834:
6788:
6656:
6598:
6299:) was an Amorite goddess who in Mesopotamia came to be associated with
6138:
6100:
5997:
5912:
5811:
5670:
have been proposed in scholarship, they are not regarded as plausible.
5590:
5124:
5087:
4979:
4967:
4961:
4877:"Ashratum, the foreigner." In Uruk she was associated with Belet-Seri.
4823:
4716:
4610:
4510:, she appears as one of the seven assistants of the eponymous goddess.
4414:
4315:
4052:
3905:
3751:
3424:
3420:
3326:
3214:
3185:
3104:
3035:
2959:
Geshtinanna was a rural agricultural goddess sometimes associated with
2858:
2805:
2590:
2446:
2393:
2333:
2073:
1926:
1688:
1514:
1482:
1158:
1089:
1065:
1035:
855:
698:
539:
501:
393:. Anu's supremacy was therefore "always somewhat nominal" according to
149:
108:
22848:
22106:
21027:. Chicago, Illinois: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
20839:
19715:
19072:
18441:
14949:
14947:
14582:
14580:
12061:
12059:
12057:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8044:
8042:
6969:
6766:
6707:
6688:, where a temple was dedicated to him. He appears, alongside his wife
6118:
5714:
4893:
4656:
2177:
2035:
1525:
during the third millennium BCE, but he was later supplanted there by
1354:
1139:, Ereshkigal is described as Inanna's "older sister". In the god list
24522:
24490:
23711:
A reassessment of Asherah: with further considerations of the goddess
23017:. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 1–44.
22816:
18782:, New York City, New York and London, England: Blackwell Publishing,
17241:
15458:
15368:
14845:
14694:
14643:
14560:
14543:
14528:
14422:
14283:
14252:
14225:
14162:
14099:
14058:
13920:
13881:
13862:
13386:
13148:
12731:
11870:
11858:
11833:
11671:
11656:
11644:
11627:
11615:
11603:
11576:
11540:
11525:
11498:
11351:
10686:
10669:
10479:
10464:
10399:
10351:
10339:
10327:
10252:
10228:
9724:
9712:
9700:
9647:
9608:
9570:
9093:
9024:
8840:
8447:
7185:
6936:
6924:
6820:
6571:
6464:
6397:
6316:
5760:
5737:
5570:
5419:
5109:
5072:
5045:
4614:
4568:
4515:
4468:
4287:
4240:
4231:
4161:
4142:
3917:
3810:
3776:
3724:
3678:
3553:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3234:
3162:
3073:
3025:
2758:
2419:
2352:
2265:
2242:
2161:
2108:
2051:
1731:
1716:
1636:
1582:
1565:
1324:
1162:
1114:
997:
915:
875:
831:
640:
590:
505:
401:
a multicolored stone (red, white and black) was associated with him.
328:
304:
265:
245:
22684:
22643:"Shulgi-simti and the Representation of Women in Historical Sources"
22642:
22600:
22475:
22385:
22324:
21981:
21887:
21811:
21623:
21226:
21095:, A Michael Glazier Book, Collegeville, Maryland: Liturgical Press,
20855:
20674:
20315:
19698:
Hallo, William W. (1996), "Review: Enki and the Theology of Eridu",
19547:
18457:
17865:
17205:
15000:
14811:
14679:
14667:
14655:
14499:
14405:
14358:
14237:
14075:
13845:
13608:
12789:
12746:
12588:
12571:
12333:
11770:
11588:
11368:
9800:
9766:
9739:
9681:
9662:
9620:
9587:
9105:
9069:
9036:
9003:
8938:
8936:
7648:
6445:
5596:
5104:
Shul-utul was the tutelary god of the dynasty started by Ur-Nanshe.
4988:
4491:
3685:. In Assyria, an analogous phenomenon is attested from the reign of
1771:, which is divided into seven tablets. The surviving version of the
1057:
546:, he organizes "in detail every feature of the civilised world." In
23811:
Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer
23709:
23667:
23429:
23336:
22832:
22560:
22370:, Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company,
22064:
21939:
21851:
21767:
20014:(2008) , "Toward the Image of Tammuz", in Moran, William L. (ed.),
19943:
19735:
19707:
19628:
18417:
18362:
18075:
14988:
14944:
14577:
14487:
12095:
12054:
10315:
10291:
10240:
8852:
8039:
7775:
7763:
7087:
7077:
7044:
6963:
6819:, it is possible that later on she was identified with Nabu's wife
6805:
6689:
6528:
6468:
6423:
6289:
6282:
6211:
6178:
6126:
6088:
6027:
5986:
5978:
5928:
5887:
5805:
5235:
4914:
4838:
4788:
4755:
4670:
4548:
4373:
4329:. Consumption of beef was regarded as taboo to him. He also had an
4251:
4214:
4005:
3973:
3222:
3081:
3069:
2983:
2742:
Enlilazi was a minor god regarded as the "superintendent of Ekur."
2706:
2659:
2550:
2397:
2344:
2203:
2088:
1776:
1640:
1522:
1502:
1478:
1395:
1182:
1154:
859:
682:
667:
598:
594:
517:
513:
174:
157:
23633:
23242:"On Leeches, Dogs and Gods in Old Babylonian Medical Incantations"
22261:(1), London, England: The British Astronomical Association: 9–28,
20158:
19031:
Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others
19008:
The Dictionary of Mythology: An A-Z of Themes, Legends, and Heroes
16702:
6693:
5581:
and the reason why Enkidu hurls the bull's thigh at Ishtar in the
5523:
5170:
4901:
2933:
1568:, came to be regarded as one and the same as Ninlil, and the myth
636:
331:
was a Venus deity distinct from Inanna in at least some contexts.
21940:"Two New Sumerian Texts Involving the Deities Numushda and Gibil"
19880:, Mesopotamian Civilizations, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns,
18502:
Ktèma: Civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques
16826:
16248:
16246:
10645:
10621:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10216:
9529:
9527:
9356:
8960:
8933:
8253:
8251:
7414:
7412:
7106:
7070:
7037:
6988:
6977:
6944:
6913:
6879:
6857:
6828:
6750:
6619:
6427:
6307:
6243:
6160:
5941:
5906:
5895:
5641:
5437:
5398:
her. She is rescued by Enki's wife Ninhursag, who removes Enki's
5321:
5197:
5033:
4849:
4754:
is sometimes described as his son. Nusku's main symbol was a lit
4677:
4661:
4560:
4433:
4395:
4353:
4291:
4189:
4087:
4068:
4027:
4017:
3944:
3728:
3664:
3592:
3583:
Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian
3545:
3297:
3257:
3150:
2923:
2910:
Gareus was a god introduced to Uruk during late antiquity by the
2832:
2695:
2471:
1632:
1526:
1413:
1404:
1335:
1047:
984:
962:
931:
911:
863:
862:. She is only revived due to Enki's intervention and her husband
835:
694:
628:
584:
579:
571:
485:
261:
21856:
Aula orientalis: Revista de estudios del Próximo Oriente Antiguo
21353:, The Legendary Past, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press,
20509:. In Sallaberger, Walther; Volk, Konrad; Zgoll, Annette (eds.).
20246:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press,
18922:
Enki und Ninmah: Eine mythische Erzählung in sumerischer Sprache
15903:
15901:
15899:
15897:
15517:
15515:
15513:
15511:
15509:
13422:
13420:
12172:
12170:
10585:
10303:
7948:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7936:
5822:
5518:
tree planted by Inanna and is driven off by the hero Gilgamesh.
4773:
4386:. After having sex with her father Enki, Ninkurra gave birth to
4302:, revered Ningishzida as his personal protector. In the myth of
3689:
onward. In the Old Babylonian period, Nergal's wife was usually
2997:
919:
732:
19552:. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Departement Oriëntalistiek.
17501:
16904:
15680:
15678:
15299:
15297:
15124:
15122:
14194:
14192:
14179:
14177:
14152:
14150:
14148:
14135:
14133:
14131:
14118:
14116:
14114:
13581:
13579:
10894:
10892:
10890:
10279:
9183:
8876:
7302:
7300:
7173:
7135:
7126:
7091:
7083:
7019:
6996:
6875:
6758:
6723:
6675:
6554:
6483:
6360:
6336:
6304:
6231:
6205:
6191:
6147:
6130:
6111:
6082:
5951:
5920:
5902:
5865:
5756:
5706:
5675:
5663:
5633:
5574:
5514:, Imdugud is one of several creatures that come to inhabit the
5403:
5383:
5310:
5252:
5179:
5154:
5146:
5132:
4845:
4745:
4697:
4590:
4582:
4530:
4449:
4383:
4365:
4299:
4279:
4273:
4196:
4131:
4115:
4103:
4079:
3894:
3868:
3780:
3772:
3762:
3690:
3672:
3656:
3621:
3599:
3534:
3458:
3392:
3384:
3368:
3354:
3309:
3130:
3126:
3059:
3043:
3039:
2978:
Ereshkigal's scribe. In Lagash she was regarded as the wife of
2900:
2874:
2824:
2747:
2674:
2598:
2586:
2582:
2516:
2501:
2494:
2482:
2432:
2269:
2165:
1985:
1938:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1814:
1813:, Abzu is primordial undeterminacy, the consort of the goddess
1726:
1700:
1680:
1672:
1648:
1611:
1609:
Assyriologists regard Ninshubur as the most commonly worshiped
1598:
1551:
1544:
1495:
1470:
1456:
1425:
1412:
temple in Nippur, Ištaran is a "dying god" and is equated with
1378:
1343:
1331:
1264:
1256:
1132:
1127:
1118:
1005:
993:
967:
954:
907:
827:
823:
804:
784:
756:
745:
714:
702:
671:
565:
557:
535:
530:
525:
509:
442:
428:
316:
273:
257:
237:
104:
43:
31:
22565:(in German). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
21228:
LUMMA in the onomasticon and literature of Ancient Mesopotamia
19948:
Proceedings of the 53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale
19944:"The Assumed Human Origin of Divine Dumuzi: A Reconsideration"
19702:, vol. 116, American Oriental Society, pp. 231–234,
19673:, New York City, New York and London, England: A&C Black,
18191:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 735–736,
17047:
16977:
16975:
16642:
16243:
16186:
16081:
16048:
15988:
15711:
15633:
15139:
15137:
14922:
14920:
14918:
14916:
14881:
14451:
14010:
13758:
13756:
13754:
13752:
13717:
13686:
13554:
13552:
13550:
13548:
13546:
13544:
13542:
13311:
12394:
12392:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11805:
11452:
11450:
11448:
10757:
10755:
10753:
10716:
10714:
10712:
10710:
10708:
10706:
10573:
10452:
10435:
9900:
9898:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9890:
9888:
9790:
9788:
9786:
9784:
9524:
9514:
9512:
9510:
9280:
9207:
8700:
8698:
8248:
7921:
7792:
7790:
7710:
7453:
7451:
7424:
7409:
7150:
4026:
Misharu ("justice") was a son of Adad and Shala. His wife was
3697:, while other similar documents place her in the proximity of
2862:, Errakal is said to "tear up the mooring poles", causing the
23668:"Agriculture as Civilization: Sages, Farmers, and Barbarians"
23593:"Siebengötter A. Mesopotamien · Seven gods A. In Mesopotamia"
23341:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
22275:
Anahita. A History and Reception of the Iranian Water Goddess
21892:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
21772:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
21021:
Lambert, Wilfred G. (2007). "An Exotic Babylonian God-List".
20163:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
19211:, Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated,
18671:
Panthée: religious transformations in the Graeco-Roman Empire
18655:, Zürich, Switzerland: Theologischer Verlag, pp. 32–33,
18418:"Nabû and Apollo: the two faces of Seleucid religious policy"
17568:
17566:
17564:
17059:
17035:
16278:
16276:
16263:
16261:
16233:
16231:
16218:
16216:
16203:
16201:
16176:
16174:
16172:
16170:
16133:
16131:
16118:
16116:
16114:
16112:
16110:
16108:
16071:
16069:
16067:
16065:
16063:
16038:
16036:
16011:
16009:
16007:
16005:
16003:
15954:
15952:
15939:
15937:
15924:
15922:
15920:
15918:
15916:
15894:
15857:
15855:
15818:
15816:
15814:
15812:
15799:
15797:
15795:
15793:
15759:
15757:
15744:
15742:
15740:
15738:
15623:
15621:
15619:
15617:
15615:
15613:
15611:
15548:
15506:
14914:
14912:
14910:
14908:
14906:
14904:
14902:
14900:
14898:
14896:
14441:
14439:
14437:
14383:
14381:
14379:
14377:
14375:
14373:
14215:
14213:
14211:
14209:
14207:
14000:
13998:
13750:
13748:
13746:
13744:
13742:
13740:
13738:
13736:
13734:
13732:
13707:
13705:
13703:
13701:
13699:
13684:
13682:
13680:
13678:
13676:
13674:
13672:
13670:
13668:
13666:
13417:
13177:
13175:
13173:
13171:
13169:
13167:
13165:
13163:
13088:
12629:
12627:
12614:
12612:
12167:
11803:
11801:
11799:
11797:
11795:
11793:
11791:
11789:
11787:
11785:
11724:
11722:
11720:
11718:
11716:
11714:
11712:
11326:
11324:
11322:
11320:
11318:
11316:
11314:
10790:
10788:
10786:
10784:
10782:
10542:
10540:
10538:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10389:
10387:
10194:
10192:
10190:
10188:
10186:
9886:
9884:
9882:
9880:
9878:
9876:
9874:
9872:
9870:
9868:
9840:
9838:
9836:
9834:
9832:
9830:
9828:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9554:
9497:
9449:
9447:
9313:
9311:
9309:
9307:
9246:
9244:
9242:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9234:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9167:
9165:
9163:
9161:
8993:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8620:
8618:
8162:
8160:
7981:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7933:
7553:
7551:
7399:
7397:
7209:
7118:
6905:
6843:
6771:
6731:
6681:
6664:
6487:
6476:
6460:
6352:
6348:
6340:
6330:
6296:
6096:
6003:
5883:
5768:
5729:
5623:
5535:
5399:
5242:
4922:
4908:
4782:
4751:
4737:
4636:
4622:
4578:
4544:
4534:
4460:
4303:
4295:
4153:
4107:
3845:
3822:
3720:
3706:
3609:
3510:
3446:
3432:
3409:
3318:
3314:
3276:
3196:
3146:
3092:
3017:
3013:
2991:
2965:
2797:
2793:
2766:
2651:
2647:
2620:
2612:
2509:
2224:
2216:
2156:
1959:
1842:
1822:
1574:
1555:
1506:
1417:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1316:
1280:
1252:
1248:
1103:
1039:
1020:
958:
950:
923:
844:
788:
645:
632:
620:
521:
497:
493:
480:
406:
390:
372:
320:
296:
269:
241:
229:
186:
161:
116:
23113:. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oriëntalistiek.
20113:, Tartu, Estonia: Folk Belief and Media Group of ELM: 7–33,
18339:, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Brill,
17835:
al-Salihi, Wathiq I. (1996). "Two cult-statues from Hatra".
17658:
17656:
17593:
17178:
17176:
17174:
17172:
17170:
17168:
17166:
17164:
17149:
16882:
16880:
16816:
16814:
16801:
16799:
16784:
16726:
16654:
16396:
15780:
15778:
15776:
15774:
15772:
15701:
15699:
15697:
15695:
15693:
15675:
15665:
15663:
15294:
15205:
15119:
15046:
15044:
15042:
14189:
14174:
14145:
14128:
14111:
13898:
13896:
13576:
13287:
13136:
13126:
13124:
13122:
13120:
13107:
13105:
13103:
13078:
13076:
12993:
12991:
12989:
12987:
12721:
12719:
12717:
12715:
12713:
12711:
12709:
12707:
12705:
12703:
12661:
12659:
12657:
12262:
12260:
12157:
12155:
12153:
12151:
12149:
12122:
11969:
11967:
11965:
11963:
11961:
11959:
11957:
11955:
11953:
11889:
11887:
11885:
11746:
11699:
11697:
11695:
11693:
11691:
11689:
11564:
10977:
10975:
10973:
10916:
10887:
10860:
10848:
10423:
10374:
10372:
10370:
10368:
10366:
10173:
10171:
10131:
10129:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10110:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10102:
10046:
9495:
9493:
9491:
9489:
9487:
9485:
9483:
9481:
9479:
9477:
9464:
9462:
9434:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9340:
9338:
9268:
8908:
8906:
8830:
8828:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8750:
8748:
8735:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8608:
8606:
8604:
8602:
8600:
8598:
8469:
8467:
8465:
8463:
8461:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8423:
8284:
8094:
8092:
8012:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8004:
8002:
8000:
7998:
7996:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7531:
7353:
7351:
7297:
1631:, Ninshubur was syncretized with the male messenger deities
612:
19125:
Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?
17347:
17345:
17343:
17195:
17193:
17191:
17103:
17101:
17088:
17086:
16972:
16933:
16931:
16772:
16762:
16760:
16747:
16745:
16743:
16741:
16630:
16420:
16353:
16351:
15884:
15882:
15650:
15648:
15538:
15536:
15534:
15532:
15530:
15195:
15193:
15156:
15154:
15152:
15134:
15073:
15071:
14978:
14976:
14974:
14033:
14031:
14029:
14027:
14025:
13651:
13598:
13596:
13594:
13539:
13432:
13335:
13277:
13275:
13262:
13260:
13199:
13063:
13061:
13059:
13057:
12389:
12277:
12275:
11513:
11445:
11341:
11339:
11105:
10933:
10931:
10877:
10875:
10824:
10812:
10800:
10767:
10750:
10726:
10703:
10065:
10063:
10061:
9988:
9986:
9949:
9947:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9917:
9915:
9913:
9855:
9853:
9781:
9507:
9375:
9373:
9371:
8923:
8921:
8695:
8571:
8500:
8498:
8496:
8494:
8421:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8301:
8299:
8274:
8272:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8029:
8027:
8025:
7787:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7468:
7466:
7448:
7319:
7317:
7315:
6992:
6981:
6932:
6715:
6655:
he can be found among the deities forming the entourage of
6642:
6561:
6227:
6095:
of Ahura Mazda were erected in modern Iraq, for example in
5916:
5610:
Girtablullu were creatures with the upper body of a human (
5395:
5391:
5364:
5248:
5168:
functioned as epithet of deities in Hurrian texts as well.
4957:
4708:
4604:
4556:
4538:
4428:
Nin-MAR.KI (reading uncertain) was the daughter of Nanshe.
4387:
3977:
3860:
3758:
3338:
3313:, or personal attendant, of Anu. He appears in the myth of
3134:
3111:
2710:
2542:
2538:
2526:
2521:
daughter of Shamash and Aya, Mamu (or Mamud) was his wife.
2505:
2384:, who probably ruled sometime during the early part of the
2381:
2370:
2058:
1999:
1976:
1800:
1676:
1409:
1387:
1346:
1312:
1209:; possibly initially a title rather than a distinct goddess
1206:
1186:
1178:
1117:, whose character is undefined, but later the northern god
1029:
989:
750:
653:
476:
468:
458:
438:
424:
376:
300:
277:
233:
39:
22192:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge,
21695:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge,
20159:"Inanna's Descent and Undressing the Dead as a Divine Law"
19128:, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,
17972:"Translation of Gods: Kumarpi, Enlil, Dagan/NISABA, Ḫalki"
17561:
17272:
17270:
17268:
16962:
16960:
16958:
16548:
16546:
16456:
16444:
16326:
16324:
16322:
16320:
16318:
16273:
16258:
16228:
16213:
16198:
16167:
16155:
16143:
16128:
16105:
16093:
16060:
16033:
16021:
16000:
15976:
15964:
15949:
15934:
15913:
15852:
15840:
15809:
15790:
15754:
15735:
15723:
15608:
15596:
15572:
15560:
15494:
15358:
15356:
15343:
15341:
15339:
15314:
15312:
14893:
14726:
14724:
14711:
14709:
14434:
14370:
14336:
14334:
14332:
14330:
14305:
14303:
14301:
14204:
13995:
13961:
13959:
13957:
13944:
13942:
13833:
13823:
13821:
13819:
13817:
13815:
13790:
13788:
13775:
13773:
13771:
13729:
13696:
13663:
13529:
13527:
13525:
13500:
13498:
13496:
13494:
13466:
13464:
13462:
13449:
13447:
13364:
13362:
13160:
13027:
12765:
12624:
12609:
12435:
12433:
12431:
12018:
12006:
11979:
11821:
11782:
11709:
11433:
11423:
11421:
11419:
11311:
11289:
11287:
11238:
11236:
11234:
11197:
11195:
11122:
11120:
11011:
11009:
11007:
11005:
10992:
10990:
10960:
10958:
10779:
10657:
10597:
10535:
10518:
10506:
10384:
10269:
10267:
10183:
9865:
9825:
9551:
9444:
9409:
9397:
9385:
9304:
9231:
9158:
9146:
8972:
8390:
8388:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8157:
7958:
7834:
7832:
7817:
7563:
7516:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7394:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7285:
7275:
7273:
7271:
6234:
reported that a temple of Apollo existed on the island of
3723:
were worshipped in Adab and Kesh. Her husband was the god
272:
was the head of the pantheon. In the first millennium BCE
18267:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–59.
17673:
17671:
17653:
17641:
17605:
17583:
17581:
17549:
17405:
17357:
17291:
17289:
17287:
17285:
17161:
17071:
16916:
16877:
16811:
16796:
16531:
16519:
16485:
16483:
15769:
15690:
15660:
15284:
15282:
15280:
15278:
15241:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15222:
15220:
15039:
15027:
14871:
14869:
14867:
14835:
14833:
14831:
14768:
14766:
14597:
14595:
14273:
14271:
14269:
14267:
14048:
14046:
13893:
13247:
13245:
13243:
13241:
13117:
13100:
13073:
12984:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12920:
12813:
12700:
12654:
12644:
12642:
12450:
12448:
12257:
12146:
12134:
11950:
11882:
11686:
11069:
11045:
10970:
10411:
10363:
10168:
10156:
10120:
10099:
9539:
9474:
9459:
9421:
9335:
9323:
9292:
9122:
8948:
8903:
8825:
8789:
8779:
8777:
8745:
8722:
8685:
8683:
8670:
8668:
8643:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8595:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8522:
8458:
8311:
8089:
7993:
7909:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7807:
7805:
7739:
7722:
7528:
7436:
7348:
7143:
6622:(boundary stones), was a bird with its head turned back.
6439:
5604:
5495:
5440:
as its guardian. He is most likely not the same deity as
5386:
temple complex in Babylon. She appears in the early myth
5247:
In Assyrian mythology, Tashmetu is the divine consort of
3798:
3099:(tutelary deity) to him. She was later equated with Bau.
2717:. The text has originally been published under the title
2589:. It is possible Dumuzi-abzu was regarded as the wife of
1624:
1290:
793:
765:
354:
312:
292:
225:
35:
22601:"Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court"
20310:, Ankara, Turkey: British Institute at Ankara: 115–121,
19830:. USA: MI: MPublishing, University of Michigan Library.
17703:
17701:
17525:
17489:
17417:
17369:
17340:
17188:
17137:
17113:
17098:
17083:
16928:
16867:
16865:
16757:
16738:
16690:
16348:
16336:
16293:
16291:
15879:
15645:
15527:
15482:
15470:
15190:
15178:
15149:
15068:
14971:
14959:
14932:
14801:
14799:
14797:
14795:
14793:
14753:
14751:
14022:
13591:
13481:
13479:
13299:
13272:
13257:
13054:
13044:
13042:
12559:
12549:
12547:
12545:
12543:
12541:
12528:
12526:
12524:
12522:
12355:
12353:
12311:
12309:
12307:
12305:
12292:
12290:
12272:
12182:
12112:
12110:
12071:
11996:
11994:
11938:
11928:
11926:
11486:
11474:
11380:
11336:
10928:
10904:
10872:
10633:
10609:
10146:
10144:
10087:
10075:
10058:
10034:
10022:
10010:
9998:
9983:
9971:
9959:
9944:
9927:
9910:
9850:
9368:
8918:
8893:
8891:
8559:
8491:
8479:
8400:
8296:
8263:
8060:
8022:
7873:
7665:
7463:
7363:
7312:
7117:
Umbidaki was a god worshiped in the temple of Ishtar of
6741:
According to Mesopotamian sources, such as the god list
6684:, a land in eastern Arabia. His main cult center was on
6269:
had a shrine to Artemis and made dedications to Artemis
4463:, and by extension also of Hendursaga in later periods.
4110:, where she served as the tutelary goddess of the city.
19803:. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
17537:
17513:
17381:
17265:
16955:
16838:
16618:
16606:
16594:
16582:
16570:
16558:
16543:
16315:
15446:
15434:
15422:
15410:
15353:
15336:
15324:
15309:
15166:
15095:
15083:
15056:
14736:
14721:
14706:
14516:
14346:
14327:
14315:
14298:
13954:
13939:
13908:
13812:
13785:
13768:
13639:
13627:
13564:
13522:
13510:
13491:
13459:
13444:
13405:
13359:
13323:
13228:
13226:
12960:
12871:
12869:
12678:
12676:
12674:
12472:
12460:
12428:
12365:
12245:
12211:
12209:
11734:
11552:
11462:
11416:
11404:
11299:
11284:
11272:
11260:
11248:
11231:
11219:
11207:
11192:
11180:
11168:
11156:
11144:
11132:
11117:
11093:
11081:
11033:
11021:
11002:
10987:
10955:
10943:
10563:
10561:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10496:
10494:
10264:
9256:
8710:
8385:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8347:
8195:
8185:
8183:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8175:
8111:
8109:
8107:
7829:
7495:
7478:
7375:
7329:
7268:
4998:Šubula was a minor god most likely associated with the
4613:, the deified king of Uruk, and the mother of the hero
4127:
3863:, Enlil's temple in Nippur, or as an underworld demon (
3731:. Later, Ninsikila's and Lisin's genders were swapped.
3138:
3115:
2374:
2091:
Uruk. According to one Old Babylonian text she was the
1143:
she opens the section dedicated to underworld deities.
839:
741:
253:
23814:, New York City, New York: Harper&Row Publishers,
23337:"An Unrecognized Synonym of Sumerian sukkal, "Vizier""
22236:
Nimrud: Materialities of Assyrian Knowledge Production
20048:
The Harps that Once...: Sumerian Poetry in Translation
19857:
Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East
17749:
17668:
17578:
17393:
17306:
17304:
17282:
17023:
16999:
16987:
16480:
16468:
16432:
16303:
15867:
15828:
15584:
15275:
15232:
15217:
15107:
14864:
14828:
14763:
14592:
14264:
14043:
13983:
13971:
13374:
13347:
13238:
13211:
13015:
12917:
12905:
12893:
12854:
12844:
12842:
12840:
12838:
12836:
12834:
12832:
12830:
12828:
12639:
12484:
12445:
12221:
12042:
12030:
11758:
11057:
8864:
8815:
8813:
8774:
8680:
8665:
8653:
8630:
8583:
8534:
8510:
8219:
7885:
7861:
7844:
7802:
7256:
6226:
was brought to Seleucia on the Eulaios (the refounded
1263:, she was the second most notable "divine wife" after
23850:
The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia
20850:(1). British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 82–86.
20020:, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, pp. 73–103,
19474:
Before the muses: an anthology of Akkadian literature
18391:
The pantheon of Uruk during the neo-Babylonian period
18204:
17698:
17688:
17686:
17477:
17465:
17453:
17441:
17429:
17247:
17211:
17125:
16943:
16862:
16850:
16714:
16666:
16507:
16495:
16408:
16363:
16288:
15464:
15400:
15398:
15396:
15394:
15392:
15390:
15388:
15386:
15377:
15015:
15009:
14858:
14822:
14790:
14778:
14748:
14700:
14688:
14673:
14661:
14649:
14631:
14619:
14607:
14571:
14554:
14537:
14475:
14463:
14428:
14416:
14393:
14364:
14292:
14258:
14246:
14231:
14168:
14105:
14081:
14069:
13933:
13887:
13875:
13856:
13800:
13621:
13476:
13399:
13187:
13154:
13039:
12972:
12948:
12936:
12807:
12795:
12777:
12759:
12740:
12603:
12582:
12538:
12519:
12509:
12507:
12505:
12503:
12501:
12499:
12416:
12404:
12350:
12344:
12321:
12302:
12287:
12200:
12107:
12083:
11991:
11923:
11911:
11899:
11876:
11864:
11852:
11776:
11680:
11665:
11650:
11638:
11621:
11609:
11597:
11582:
11546:
11534:
11507:
11362:
10842:
10744:
10697:
10680:
10485:
10473:
10405:
10357:
10345:
10258:
10141:
9819:
9775:
9760:
9748:
9733:
9718:
9706:
9694:
9675:
9656:
9641:
9629:
9614:
9602:
9581:
9140:
9116:
9099:
9087:
9075:
9063:
9030:
9018:
8888:
8335:
8323:
8238:
8236:
8234:
8207:
8054:
7897:
7781:
7769:
7659:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7580:
7578:
6593:Ḫabūrītum was a goddess understood as either "she of
5279:"Tutu" is simply one of the names of the latter god.
2973:
where he is hiding, even after they torture her. The
2083:
Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list
822:
Eanna temple in Uruk, though she also had temples in
21852:"Nanna/Suen Convenes in the Divine Assembly as King"
21728:, The American Schools of Oriental Research: 57–79,
20675:"Some Observations on Late Urukean Theophoric Names"
20274:
The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character
19451:
19355:"Apollo-Nabû: The Babylonian policy of Antiochus I."
18877:
18836:
17767:
17737:
17731:
17713:
17316:
17253:
17229:
17217:
16678:
15263:
15251:
14510:
14087:
13223:
13003:
12881:
12866:
12688:
12671:
12377:
12233:
12206:
11392:
11374:
10552:
10491:
10204:
8368:
8172:
8133:
8104:
7698:
7590:
7196:". Modern scholars generally agree that much of the
6137:
equated with, and eventually fully assimilated into
3349:
considered it more likely that this deity was male.
1121:
was placed in this role. Her gatekeeper was the god
21719:
21274:
Personal names in the Aramaic inscriptions of Hatra
21267:"Religious Significance of Hatran Theophoric Names"
19950:. Penn State University Press. pp. 1121–1134.
19580:
House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia
19452:Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001),
18795:
18337:
Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism
18205:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
17629:
17617:
17328:
17301:
17011:
16892:
14994:
14953:
14586:
14493:
12825:
12065:
9219:
8810:
8145:
8121:
7686:
5614:, "untamed man") and the lower body of a scorpion (
5444:from Mari, assumed to be a deified hero in origin.
5149:, also argued to be a god associated with the sea.
2107:Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife
385:believed to be the offspring of An and his consort
280:'s status was equal to that of Marduk. In Assyria,
22736:"Ordal A. Mesopotamien · Ordeal A. In Mesopotamia"
22117:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 41–44.
21024:Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2004
20277:, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press,
18584:, in Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. (eds.),
18016:"HADDA OF ḪALAB AND HIS TEMPLE IN THE EBLA PERIOD"
17912:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,
17683:
15383:
12496:
8231:
7751:
7625:
7602:
7575:
7032:in the symbolic form of birds sitting on a perch.
6335:Worship of the goddess Atargatis is attested from
5852:Ninazu, Ningishzida; Tishpak; Marduk, Nabu; Ashur
5450:
3441:Kabta was a deity commonly paired with Ninsianna.
3271:. In offering lists he appears next to Shulshaga.
2944:, which can be translated as "sexual attraction."
2709:'s. It has been proposed that he was worshiped in
23913:
23431:Mesopotamian protective spirits: the ritual texts
23386:
22695:(1), Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter: 82–100,
21440:"Nisaba A. Philologisch · Nisaba A. Philological"
20071:Jordan Lectures in Comparative religion, series 6
20051:, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press,
19224:
19208:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions
18878:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998b),
18837:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998a),
17982:(4). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 319–336.
17938:(2). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 114–129.
17804:Ackerman, Susan (2006) , Day, Peggy Lynne (ed.),
16832:
10591:
10333:
10321:
10309:
10297:
10285:
10246:
10234:
10222:
9195:
6046:
5530:Ereshkigal, Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak; Išḫara
3980:, where she was possibly regarded as the wife of
3145:. In later times, he had a temple in the city of
2455:Bitu's primary function is that of a gatekeeper (
1517:or of Enlil and Ninil. He was also the father of
24611:
23387:Ebeling, Erich; Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2019),
22367:An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamian Religion
22062:
19312:Edzard, Dietz-Otto; Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980),
19011:, London, England: Arcturus Publishing Limited,
18796:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
17507:
16910:
16708:
6796:proposed a connection between Manziniri and the
6273:; Strabo also reports that an oracle of Artemis
5705:, "evil god," and his name was written with the
3240:Idlurugu was a god who represent the concept of
799:Inanna, Utu was the enforcer of divine justice.
685:and he may have been associated with the planet
23807:
23246:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
23209:Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
23007:"Untersuchungen zum Pantheon von Adab im 3. Jt"
22277:. London: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited.
22255:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
20211:The Image of the Underworld in Sumerian Sources
19523:. Chicago London: University of Chicago Press.
19502:Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins
19458:, New York City, New York: Simon and Schuster,
19004:
18945:, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock Publishers,
18690:"Anunna (Anunnaku, Anunnaki) (a group of gods)"
18452:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–10.
18155:(1). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 18–28.
12101:
10651:
10627:
9533:
9362:
8966:
8942:
8858:
8846:
8257:
7094:) was proposed for him, newer sources favor an
4873:, and a late esoteric text explains her name as
3217:returned his statue to a temple located there.
3007:Gibil is the deification of fire. According to
2775:Enten is a shepherd deity in the Sumerian poem
2581:, but she has no obvious connection to the god
1513:Ninazu was a god regarded as either the son of
534:, or minister, was the two-faced messenger god
88:contain many words to express the sensation of
23808:Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983),
23004:
21599:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
21153:A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology
20100:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia"
18668:
18076:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background"
16648:
11752:
7028:of Babylon. They were depicted on a number of
6407:and the Hurrian Nabarbi are the same goddess.
5174:regards her as a deity connected with wisdom.
4529:É-ešbarzida temple in Ur and other temples in
4364:chthonic deities alongside the prison goddess
2485:in Ḫursaĝkalama, her cult center located near
2134:Antu is a goddess who was invented during the
1402:and describes Ištaran as a god of justice. On
550:, he is described as the holder of the sacred
23899:
23674:. Oxford University Press. pp. 662–689.
23172:
23108:
19381:
19311:
18980:The cultic calendars of the ancient Near East
18651:, in Shectman, Sarah; Baden, Joel S. (eds.),
18078:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.).
15907:
15554:
15521:
15128:
13426:
7176:kingdoms of Israel and Judah. In 586 BC, the
2629:Emesh is a farmer deity in the Sumerian poem
496:, and is the former case the twin brother of
23834:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press,
23794:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press,
23754:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
22605:General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3
21545:"Der Wettstreit zwischen Dumuzi und Enkimdu"
21184:Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature
21088:
19633:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.
19034:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press,
18538:
18246:Art and Immortality in the Ancient Near East
14198:
14183:
14156:
14139:
14122:
3478:, who was a healing goddess associated with
3157:, but this may have been a different deity.
2245:is identified as his father in the god list
1639:, though this process wasn't complete until
260:. An Old Babylonian personal name refers to
23665:
23549:
23508:
23252:. Presses Universitaires de France: 71–88.
23135:
22827:(4). University of Chicago Press: 289–294.
22814:
22322:
22272:
21649:
21542:
21478:
21437:
21384:, New York City, New York: Allworth Press,
19382:Fechner, Josephine; Tanret, Michel (2014),
19372:
19094:Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan
18669:Bricault, Laurent; Bonnet, Corinne (2013).
18422:Orient und Okzident in Hellenistischer Zeit
17863:
16981:
16778:
16426:
16383:The Underworld Vision of an Assyrian Prince
15143:
13558:
13205:
12398:
11519:
11456:
10830:
10818:
10806:
10773:
10761:
10732:
10720:
9794:
9518:
8882:
7975:
7927:
7716:
7430:
7418:
7403:
7357:
6618:. His symbol, known from some Mesopotamian
5141:Sirsir was the god of sailors. In the text
3562:Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the
3288:Ilaba was briefly a major deity during the
23906:
23892:
23636:. In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).
23631:
23590:
23467:
23427:
23389:"Mischwesen A. Philologisch. Mesopotamien"
23334:
23315:
23138:"Inanna/Ishtar as a Figure of Controversy"
23067:
22167:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
20378:
20097:
19498:
18918:
18628:
18262:
17810:, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press,
17611:
17599:
17572:
17555:
17363:
17182:
17155:
16820:
16805:
16790:
16525:
16282:
16267:
16252:
16237:
16222:
16207:
16192:
16180:
16161:
16149:
16137:
16122:
16099:
16087:
16075:
16054:
16042:
16027:
16015:
15994:
15982:
15970:
15958:
15943:
15928:
15861:
15822:
15803:
15784:
15763:
15748:
15729:
15717:
15705:
15684:
15639:
15627:
14926:
14887:
14457:
14445:
14387:
14219:
14016:
14004:
13839:
13762:
13723:
13711:
13690:
13317:
13181:
13111:
13033:
12997:
12819:
12771:
12725:
12176:
12161:
12140:
12128:
11973:
11815:
11728:
11703:
11570:
11439:
11330:
10981:
10866:
10794:
10663:
10603:
10579:
10546:
10529:
10512:
10458:
10446:
10429:
10417:
10393:
10378:
10198:
10177:
10162:
10135:
10114:
9904:
9844:
9564:
9545:
9501:
9468:
9438:
9350:
9329:
9317:
9298:
9286:
9274:
9250:
9213:
9189:
9177:
9152:
9128:
8997:
8834:
8804:
8768:
8739:
8704:
8624:
8577:
8565:
8504:
8485:
8473:
8433:
8290:
8278:
8083:
8016:
7987:
7952:
7733:
7680:
7557:
7472:
7457:
7442:
7388:
7369:
7342:
7323:
7306:
7291:
7279:
5563:and in Tablet VI of the Standard Akkadian
23434:. Groningen: STYX & PP Publications.
23239:
23216:
22480:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
22433:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
22363:
21979:
21809:
21733:
21397:
21377:
20631:
20590:
20549:
20501:
20460:
20419:
20337:
20118:
19988:. New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection.
19798:
19757:
19005:Coleman, J. A.; Davidson, George (2015),
18521:
18186:
17834:
17662:
17647:
17411:
17375:
17199:
17143:
17077:
17065:
17053:
17041:
17029:
15160:
15077:
15050:
15033:
13902:
13130:
13094:
13082:
12665:
12266:
11893:
11492:
11480:
11345:
11075:
11051:
8362:
8201:
8033:
7879:
7569:
7522:
7510:
7489:
6295:Ashratum (or Ashiratum in documents from
4711:temple in Nippur, Lagash, Sippar, Dilbat
4577:Ninsikila was the husband of the goddess
4390:, the goddess of weaving and vegetation.
4298:, the Sumerian king of the city-state of
4106:. Outside Mesopotamia she was popular in
3042:. The son of Ereshkigal and Gugalanna is
2042:worshiped with Nanna in Ur as his sukkal
22898:
22874:
22640:
22598:
22473:
22423:
22383:
22306:Everyday Life in Babylonia & Assyria
22069:Les représentations des dieux des autres
22021:
21937:
21885:
21849:
21765:
21688:
21656:, Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood,
21558:. Penn State University Press: 383–398.
21224:
21200:
20979:
20897:
20837:
20755:
20107:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
20084:, London, England: Kyle Cathie Limited,
20044:
20010:
19873:
19700:Journal of the American Oriental Society
19670:An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism
19352:
19251:
18711:
18415:
18388:
18360:
17909:Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World
17803:
17783:
17495:
17423:
17351:
17119:
17107:
17092:
16937:
16844:
16766:
16751:
16732:
16696:
16660:
16462:
16450:
16357:
16342:
16330:
15888:
15602:
15566:
15542:
15500:
15488:
15476:
15303:
15211:
15199:
15184:
15172:
14982:
14965:
14938:
14805:
14522:
14037:
13827:
13794:
13602:
13585:
13305:
13293:
13281:
13266:
13142:
13067:
12439:
11740:
11468:
11427:
11410:
10937:
10922:
10910:
10898:
10854:
10273:
10093:
10081:
10069:
10052:
10040:
10028:
10016:
10004:
9992:
9977:
9965:
9953:
9938:
9921:
9859:
9453:
9415:
9403:
9391:
9379:
9262:
8716:
8689:
8674:
8659:
8647:
8553:
8528:
8516:
8189:
7838:
7796:
6181:, the cult of Anahita was introduced by
2573:The state of Lagash, especially Kinunir
1539:destruction of Babylon also with Ashur.
48:
17:
23747:
23707:
23680:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557301.013.0031
23638:Sumerian Gods and their Representations
23318:Sumerian Gods and their Representations
23298:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
23202:
23182:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Brill.
23051:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
23048:
22905:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
22881:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
22774:
22225:(257). Münster, Germany: Ugarit-Verlag.
22216:
21674:. USA: University of California Press.
21264:
21108:
21061:
21020:
20938:
20796:
20714:
20220:Sumerian Gods and their Representations
19924:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
19900:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
19853:
19817:
19204:
19178:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History
19144:Clio's Other Sons: Berossus and Mantheo
19141:
18963:. USA: University of California Press.
18772:
18694:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
18499:
18439:
18363:"Antiquarian Theology in Seleucid Uruk"
18330:
18080:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman
17905:
17807:Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel
17543:
17519:
17483:
17471:
17399:
17387:
17295:
17276:
16993:
16966:
16684:
16636:
16624:
16612:
16600:
16588:
16576:
16564:
16552:
16438:
16402:
15452:
15440:
15428:
15416:
15362:
15347:
15330:
15318:
15101:
15089:
15062:
14839:
14742:
14730:
14715:
14352:
14340:
14321:
14309:
13965:
13948:
13914:
13779:
13657:
13645:
13633:
13570:
13533:
13516:
13504:
13470:
13453:
13438:
13411:
13368:
13341:
13329:
13021:
12966:
12694:
12478:
12466:
12371:
12251:
11558:
11305:
11293:
11278:
11266:
11254:
11242:
11225:
11213:
11201:
11186:
11174:
11162:
11150:
11138:
11126:
11111:
11099:
11087:
11039:
11015:
10996:
10964:
10949:
8589:
8379:
8225:
8166:
7891:
7867:
7855:
7823:
7811:
5709:. He appears in a lamentation from Ur.
4290:dies and meets Ningishzida, along with
2669:Enbilulu was the god of irrigation. In
1247:millennium BCE in the state of Lagash.
24612:
23827:
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21156:, New York City, New York: Routledge,
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19906:from the original on 21 September 2022
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18629:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992),
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18539:Behrens, Herman; Klein, Jacob (1998),
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8115:
8098:
7915:
7903:
7745:
7619:
7262:
5511:Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld
4692:, despite his unattractive lifestyle.
4543:Ninsianna was the deity of the planet
4156:and one of the many consorts of Enki.
3244:, specifically river ordeal. The term
2982:, and was associated with his symbol,
160:is first attested during the reign of
23887:
23787:
22887:from the original on 14 December 2022
22733:
22517:
22299:
22185:
21621:
21526:A History of Ancient Israel and Judah
21203:"Why are there seven days in a week?"
21180:
21149:
21066:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
20217:
20064:
19983:
19941:
19917:
19893:
19697:
19422:
19146:. USA: University of Michigan Press.
19121:
18977:
18958:
18752:
18700:from the original on 3 September 2019
18696:, University of Pennsylvania Museum,
18601:
18289:
18115:
18073:
18013:
17969:
17925:
17707:
17459:
17447:
17435:
17334:
17322:
17310:
17259:
17235:
17223:
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16949:
16922:
16898:
16886:
16871:
16856:
16720:
16672:
16537:
16501:
16414:
16369:
16297:
15669:
15404:
13806:
13232:
12978:
12954:
12942:
12513:
12422:
12410:
12383:
12359:
12227:
11027:
10567:
10500:
8954:
8912:
8897:
8819:
8783:
8305:
8139:
7757:
7704:
7642:
7596:
7584:
5632:Hanbi is the father of the demon-god
4382:Ninkurra is the daughter of Enki and
3390:Isimud, later known as Usmû, was the
3341:sources as an assistant of judge god
3153:. A god named Haya was worshipped at
2268:. Sometimes she was syncretized with
1992:In the Babylonian creation epic, the
1807:In the Babylonian creation epic, the
1596:Akkil; worshipped with Inanna as her
103:believed that their deities lived in
23847:
22963:
22922:
22558:
21320:
21109:Leemans, Wilhelmus François (1983),
20672:
20208:
20156:
20073:, University of London, pp. 27f
19518:
18938:
18646:
18579:
18242:
17755:
17743:
17635:
17623:
15269:
15257:
14093:
13009:
12887:
12875:
12682:
12239:
12215:
12077:
11398:
11386:
10210:
9201:
8242:
8151:
8127:
7692:
5298:, the personification of the earth.
4976:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld
3916:, "ice" or "frost"). As her name is
3838:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld
3652:The Dispute between Cattle and Grain
3048:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld
2888:The Dispute between Cattle and Grain
2464:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld
1740:
1621:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld
1137:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld
858:, but is instead struck dead by the
508:) and his children include the gods
23791:Ancient Jewish Novels: An Anthology
21321:Mark, Joshua J. (2 February 2017),
21231:. Padova: S.A.R.G.O.N. Ed. e Libr.
21201:Lutwyche, Jayne (22 January 2013),
19087:
18189:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology
17692:
7168:Yahweh was the national god of the
4655:Nirah was the messenger of the god
3125:Haya is the husband of the goddess
1390:. In one of his inscriptions, King
13:
21335:from the original on 13 April 2021
21049:from the original on March 5, 2022
18588:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,
17872:. Hildesheim: Verlag Franzbecker.
7149:
7009:
6968:
6892:
6862:
6833:
6706:
6692:, in documents from Nippur and in
6632:
6576:Persepolis Administrative Archives
6533:
6503:
6444:
6365:
6321:
6248:
6196:
6165:
6117:
6073:
6002:
5956:
5870:
5843:
5810:
5773:
5742:
5650:
5595:
5548:
5481:
5092:
4931:
4833:Sadarnunna was the wife of Nuska.
4772:
4641:
4595:
4520:
4264:
4219:
3797:
3775:and the father of the mortal hero
3701:, who were both regarded as such.
3373:
3333:Shamash's temple Ebabbar in Larsa
3034:Gugalanna is the first husband of
2996:
2882:Adab, Lagash, Umma, Ur, Shuruppak
2810:
2361:
1653:
1627:and the divine assembly. In later
1587:
1461:
1430:
1376:(goddess of the rainbow), and his
1349:were regarded as his equivalents.
1289:
1229:
1168:
1094:
1056:
1010:
940:
884:
813:
774:
731:
658:
627:Ashur was the national god of the
611:
589:Marduk is the national god of the
570:
467:
415:
363:
129:semi-democratic legislative system
14:
24646:
23788:Wills, Lawrence Mitchell (2002),
23714:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
23666:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2011a).
23550:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998b),
23509:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998a),
23068:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2013),
21653:Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia
21404:In Context: the Reade Festschrift
20941:"Manziʾat/Mazziʾat/Mazzât/Mazzêt"
19854:Holland, Glenn Stanfield (2009),
19499:Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy (1980) ,
19426:The god Dagan in Bronze Age Syria
19061:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
17248:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
17212:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
15465:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
15378:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
15010:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14859:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14823:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14701:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14689:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14674:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14662:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14650:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14572:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14555:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14538:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14429:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14417:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14365:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14293:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14259:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14247:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14232:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14169:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14106:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14082:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
14070:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13934:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13888:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13876:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13857:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13622:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13400:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
13155:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12808:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12796:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12760:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12741:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12604:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12583:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12345:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
12201:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11877:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11865:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11853:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11777:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11681:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11666:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11651:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11639:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11622:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11610:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11598:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11583:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11547:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11535:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11508:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
11363:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10843:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10745:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10698:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10681:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10486:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10474:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10406:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10358:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10346:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
10259:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9820:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9776:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9761:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9749:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9734:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9719:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9707:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9695:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9676:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9657:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9642:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9630:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9615:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9603:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9582:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9141:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9117:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9100:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9088:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9076:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9064:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9031:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
9019:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
8055:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
7782:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
7770:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
7660:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
6774:, alongside Nabarbi and Samnuha.
6614:Ḫarbe was likely the head of the
5794:or "bull-man". In the Babylonian
3544:Kittum was a daughter of Utu and
2607:Duttur was the mother of Dumuzi.
284:was regarded as the supreme god.
24591:
24590:
24578:
23632:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1997).
23591:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2011),
23468:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998),
23428:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1992).
23335:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1988).
22219:Alter Orient und Altes Testament
22063:Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2012).
21650:Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998),
19799:Henkelman, Wouter F. M. (2008).
19758:Henkelman, Wouter F. M. (2011),
19225:Drewnowska-Rymarz, Olga (2008).
18586:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
18331:Bautsch, Kelly Coblentz (2003),
17928:"The Names of the Primeval Gods"
17768:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001
17732:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001
16375:
14511:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998b
11375:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998a
5561:Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven
3427:, the god of rage and violence.
2150:proposed that the Greek goddess
2013:
216:
23776:from the original on 2022-03-12
23736:from the original on 2022-10-10
23696:from the original on 2022-02-07
23654:from the original on 2022-09-21
23607:from the original on 2021-06-06
23566:from the original on 2021-06-06
23525:from the original on 2021-06-06
23484:from the original on 2021-06-06
23456:from the original on 2022-10-06
23403:from the original on 2021-06-06
23375:from the original on 2022-12-21
23280:from the original on 2023-02-12
23162:from the original on 2023-01-11
23084:from the original on 2021-06-06
23037:from the original on 2022-03-31
23005:Such-Gutiérrez, Marcos (2005).
22980:from the original on 2021-06-06
22939:from the original on 2021-06-06
22863:from the original on 2022-10-10
22821:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
22803:from the original on 2022-10-02
22750:from the original on 2021-06-06
22723:from the original on 2022-09-21
22671:from the original on 2022-03-13
22629:from the original on 2022-11-29
22587:from the original on 2023-06-28
22534:from the original on 2021-06-06
22506:from the original on 2022-02-12
22462:from the original on 2021-07-16
22412:from the original on 2022-02-08
22339:from the original on 2021-07-31
22242:from the original on 2022-09-21
22206:from the original on 2023-04-09
22153:from the original on 2023-02-11
22093:from the original on 2023-09-30
22038:from the original on 2021-06-06
22010:from the original on 2022-02-13
21968:from the original on 2022-02-09
21926:from the original on 2022-12-21
21874:from the original on 2022-03-07
21838:from the original on 2022-09-20
21798:from the original on 2022-12-30
21709:from the original on 2023-04-09
21638:from the original on 2022-11-29
21583:from the original on 2022-05-20
21543:Mittermayer, Catherine (2015).
21529:, Westminster John Knox Press,
21495:from the original on 2021-06-06
21454:from the original on 2021-06-06
21448:±Realle±±xikon der Assyriologie
21426:from the original on 2022-10-18
21406:. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.
21367:from the original on 2023-04-09
21309:from the original on 2022-05-31
21253:from the original on 2022-09-23
21170:from the original on 2023-04-09
21125:from the original on 2021-06-06
20996:from the original on 2021-06-06
20955:from the original on 2021-06-06
20914:from the original on 2021-06-06
20886:from the original on 2022-09-22
20813:from the original on 2021-06-06
20772:from the original on 2021-06-06
20731:from the original on 2021-06-06
20703:from the original on 2022-03-13
20648:from the original on 2021-06-06
20607:from the original on 2021-06-06
20566:from the original on 2021-06-06
20538:from the original on 2022-05-20
20477:from the original on 2021-06-06
20436:from the original on 2021-06-06
20422:"Meskilak, Mesikila, Ninsikila"
20395:from the original on 2021-06-06
20354:from the original on 2021-06-06
20291:from the original on 2024-04-29
20260:from the original on 2020-08-08
20213:, Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press
20197:from the original on 2022-12-21
20146:from the original on 2019-02-04
20034:from the original on 2023-04-09
19972:from the original on 2022-04-05
19842:from the original on 2021-11-20
19774:from the original on 2021-06-06
19687:from the original on 2023-12-19
19655:from the original on 2022-05-24
19566:from the original on 2022-05-31
19398:from the original on 2021-06-06
19328:from the original on 2021-06-06
19287:from the original on 2021-06-06
19252:Drijvers, Henrik J. W. (1980).
19111:from the original on 2024-02-19
19048:from the original on 2023-04-09
18894:from the original on 2021-06-06
18853:from the original on 2021-06-06
18812:from the original on 2021-06-06
18728:from the original on 2021-06-06
18605:The Literature of Ancient Sumer
18580:Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000),
18555:from the original on 2021-06-06
18488:from the original on 2022-10-24
18442:"Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered"
18428:from the original on 2021-10-19
18377:from the original on 2022-09-21
18306:from the original on 2021-06-06
18231:from the original on 2021-06-05
18175:from the original on 2022-02-28
18104:from the original on 2022-03-31
18062:from the original on 2023-02-10
18002:from the original on 2022-10-07
17958:from the original on 2022-11-13
17894:from the original on 2021-07-28
17824:from the original on 2023-04-09
17776:
14995:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
14954:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
14587:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
14494:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
12066:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
8439:
7082:Tishpak was a god who replaced
6935:indicates she was equated with
6611:Kassite homeland in the Zagros
6413:Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban
5451:Monsters and apotropaic spirits
1892:Dūri and Dāri (derived from an
72:has on a human is described as
30:2300 BC, depicting the deities
22734:Soldt, Wilfred H. van (2005),
21597:Iraq after the Muslim conquest
21282:10.30687/978-88-6969-231-4/005
21276:. Antichistica. Vol. 17.
19549:Babylonian Topographical Texts
18249:, Cambridge University Press,
17906:Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013),
7172:, who originally lived in the
6047:Foreign deities in Mesopotamia
5666:and to Combabos mentioned by
5412:Debate between Sheep and Grain
5143:Marduk's Address to the Demons
3633:Marduk's Address to the Demons
3466:) and Anshar (in the god list
3050:, Inanna tells the gatekeeper
3016:, but is sometimes the son of
860:seven judges of the Underworld
78:physical creeping of the flesh
58:Deities in ancient Mesopotamia
1:
23915:Lists of mythological figures
23347:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
23148:, Berlin: Mouton Publishers,
22323:Sallaberger, Walther (2017),
21898:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
20980:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987a),
20898:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983b),
20838:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983a).
20756:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980a),
19877:Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography
18939:Clay, Albert Tobias (2006) ,
18416:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2014).
18393:. Leiden Boston: Brill STYX.
18389:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2003).
18361:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (1992).
16833:Ebeling & Wiggermann 2019
7250:
5915:, as gods of foreign nation (
4482:Ninpumuna was the goddess of
4098:Nippur, Umma, Lagash, Dilbat
3817:, which is named after them.
3608:(not to be confused with the
3267:Igalima was a son of Bau and
3012:said to be the son of An and
2593:in the third millennium BCE.
2405:
2401:
2389:
2377:, Lagash, Girsu, Der, Nippur
2154:, mentioned in Book V of the
2139:
1181:and other temples in Nippur,
992:and uses stones to build the
949:E-šu-me-ša temple in Nippur,
198:
194:
165:
140:
136:
27:
23601:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
23560:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
23519:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
23478:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
23397:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
23078:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22974:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22933:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22817:"The Mesopotamian God Kakka"
22744:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22689:Altorientalische Forschungen
22528:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22364:Schneider, Tammi J. (2011),
22333:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22067:. In Bonnet, Corinne (ed.).
22032:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
22022:Pomponio, Francesco (1998),
21980:Peterson, Jeremiah (2016a).
21810:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009a).
21722:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
21489:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
21119:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
21062:Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013).
20990:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20949:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20939:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987),
20908:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20807:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20797:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983),
20766:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20725:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20715:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980),
20642:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20601:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20560:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20471:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20430:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20389:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20379:Krebernik, Manfred (1987a),
20348:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
20271:Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963),
19768:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
19582:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
19429:. Leiden Boston, MA: Brill.
19392:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
19322:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
19281:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18982:. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press.
18888:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18847:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18806:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18722:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18633:, The British Museum Press,
18549:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18508:(1). PERSEE Program: 25–39.
18446:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
18300:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
18273:10.1017/cbo9781139136952.004
6218:built a sanctuary to Apollo
4892:Šarrat-Dēri was the wife of
3382:Worshipped with Enki as his
2778:Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God
2632:Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God
1076:Dumuzid, later known by the
7:
23831:The Early History of Heaven
23634:"Transtigridian Snake Gods"
23136:Vanstiphout, H. L. (1984),
22815:Steinkeller, Piotr (1982).
22607:. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press.
22273:Saadi-Nejad, Manya (2021).
22105:Porter, Barbara N. (2004).
22071:. Caltanissetta: Sciascia.
21938:Peterson, Jeremiah (2014).
21886:Peterson, Jeremiah (2016).
21850:Peterson, Jeremiah (2011).
21766:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009).
21479:Michalowski, Piotr (2013),
21438:Michalowski, Piotr (1998),
21089:Launderville, Dale (2010),
20632:Krebernik, Manfred (2011),
20591:Krebernik, Manfred (2008),
20550:Krebernik, Manfred (2005),
20502:Krebernik, Manfred (2003).
20461:Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
20420:Krebernik, Manfred (1997),
20338:Krebernik, Manfred (1987),
20129:10.7592/FEJF2001.16.planets
20045:Jacobsen, Thorkild (1987),
19818:Herbert, Sharon. C (2003).
19271:Edzard, Dietz-Otto (1980),
19254:Cults and beliefs at Edessa
19227:Mesopotamian goddess Nanāja
18919:Ceccarelli, Manuel (2016),
18779:A Companion to Ancient Epic
18608:. Oxford University Press.
18082:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press.
12102:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
10652:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
10628:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
9534:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
9363:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
8967:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
8943:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
8859:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
8847:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983
8446:Nugent, Tony (1993-01-01).
8258:Coleman & Davidson 2015
7218:
6471:etc.) than a deity proper.
6277:was present on the island.
4078:Nindara was the husband of
3068:Gunura was the daughter of
2533:Isin, Larsa, Ur, and Girsu
1751:Inanna and the Huluppu Tree
852:descent into the Underworld
500:. His wife was the goddess
10:
24653:
23828:Wright, J. Edward (2002),
23353:10.1515/zava.1988.78.2.225
23240:Wasserman, Nathan (2008).
23203:Veenhof, Klaas R. (2018).
23011:Archiv für Orientforschung
22899:Stephens, Kathryn (2016),
22875:Stephens, Kathryn (2013),
22492:10.1163/156921208786182428
22445:10.1163/156921207783876404
21946:. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
21816:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
21689:Penglase, Charles (1994),
21378:McEvilley, Thomas (2002),
21347:McCall, Henrietta (1990),
21328:World History Encyclopedia
21181:Leick, Gwendolyn (2013) ,
21150:Leick, Gwendolyn (1998) ,
20175:10.1515/zava.1995.85.2.221
19984:Litke, Richard L. (1998).
19667:Grabbe, Lester L. (2010),
19627:George, Andrew R. (2003).
19607:"Glossary of Proper Nouns"
19578:George, Andrew R. (1993).
19546:George, Andrew R. (1992).
19476:. Potomac, MD: CDL Press.
19122:Dever, William G. (2003),
18767:10.1163/156852704323056643
18712:Brinkman, John A. (1980),
17868:. In Nasrabadi, B. (ed.).
16649:Bricault & Bonnet 2013
6984:and other Hurrian centers
6842:Hurrian areas, especially
6757:Hurrian areas, especially
5763:respectively in the past.
3793:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea
3548:. Her name means "Truth".
1755:The Creation of the Pickax
1481:. She was associated with
1259:. During the reign of the
709:, and to Egypt, as far as
189:, first attested from the
24573:
24339:
23921:
22787:10.1163/9789004187474_014
22649:. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
22474:Schwemer, Daniel (2008).
22424:Schwemer, Daniel (2007).
22384:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
22232:"Ninurta, god of victory"
22186:Pryke, Louise M. (2017),
22123:10.1017/S0021088900001601
21564:10.1515/9781575063553-015
21225:Marchesi, Gianni (2006).
21064:Babylonian creation myths
20078:Jordan, Michael (2002) ,
19956:10.1515/9781575066394-051
19836:2027/spo.0054307.0015.104
19472:Foster, Benjamin (1996).
19142:Dillery, John D. (2014).
18959:Cohen, Getzel M. (2013).
18602:Black, Jeremy A. (2006).
18243:Ataç, Mehmet-Ali (2018),
18032:10.1017/S0021088900000565
17849:10.1017/S002108890000320X
15908:Edzard & Lambert 1980
15555:Fechner & Tanret 2014
15522:Fechner & Tanret 2014
7125:
7102:
7069:
7053:
7036:
7003:
6962:
6943:
6912:
6886:
6856:
6827:
6804:
6778:
6749:
6730:
6700:
6663:
6626:
6605:
6582:
6553:
6527:
6497:
6475:
6438:
6411:
6389:
6359:
6315:
6281:
6242:
6190:
6159:
6107:
6067:
6018:
5996:
5977:
5950:
5927:
5894:
5864:
5837:
5804:
5767:
5736:
5713:
5689:
5674:
5640:
5622:
5589:
5542:
5522:
5471:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5418:
5363:
5347:
5320:
5302:
5283:
5264:
5234:
5215:
5196:
5178:
5153:
5131:
5108:
5086:
5071:
5044:
5018:
4987:
4949:
4921:
4900:
4881:
4858:
4837:
4822:
4799:
4766:
4736:
4723:
4696:
4669:
4635:
4621:
4589:
4567:
4514:
4490:
4467:
4448:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4372:
4352:
4337:
4314:
4258:
4239:
4213:
4188:
4175:
4160:
4141:
4114:
4086:
4067:
4051:
4034:
4016:
3988:
3959:
3943:
3928:
3893:
3875:
3844:
3821:
3791:
3750:
3735:
3705:
3663:
3639:
3620:
3591:
3572:
3552:
3533:
3517:
3490:
3445:
3431:
3408:
3367:
3353:
3325:
3296:
3275:
3256:
3221:
3204:
3184:
3161:
3103:
3080:
3058:
3024:
2990:
2948:
2922:
2899:
2870:
2831:
2804:
2765:
2746:
2733:
2719:Inanna prefers the farmer
2694:
2658:
2619:
2597:
2565:
2549:
2525:
2493:
2470:
2445:
2431:
2408:1155 BC), a scribe named
2351:
2332:
2303:
2276:
2253:
2223:
2202:
2176:
2120:
2099:
2072:
2050:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2007:imagined her appearance.
1984:
1958:
1945:
1925:
1905:
1901:(Old Babylonian period).
1886:
1853:
1841:mythology under the name
1821:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1699:
1647:
1581:
1543:
1494:
1455:
1424:
1353:
1279:
1223:
1205:Gula ("the great"), from
1147:
1088:
1046:
1004:
930:
874:
803:
764:
721:
652:
605:
564:
457:
405:
353:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
23748:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989).
23552:"Nergal A. Philological"
22641:Sharlach, Tonia (2007).
22599:Sharlach, Tonia (2002).
22230:Robson, Eleanor (2015),
21595:Morony, Michael (1984).
21398:MacGinnis, John (2020).
21265:Marcato, Enrico (2018).
20381:"Mamma, Mammi, Mammītum"
19874:Horowitz, Wayne (1998),
19169:Dirven, Lucinda (2014).
18143:Archi, Alfonso (2015a).
17864:Alvarez-Mon, J. (2018).
17784:Ackerman, Susan (2005),
14199:Behrens & Klein 1998
14184:Behrens & Klein 1998
14157:Behrens & Klein 1998
14140:Behrens & Klein 1998
14123:Behrens & Klein 1998
8452:Religion - Dissertations
7018:Kassite homeland in the
5408:Enki and the World Order
5059:Šulšagana is the son of
3955:associated with Marduk.
3304:Assur, a town near Nuzi
3149:and may have had one in
2690:also remains uncertain.
2398:Middle Babylonian Period
977:bird after it stole the
544:Enki and the World Order
131:that existed during the
60:were almost exclusively
24630:Mythology-related lists
24099:Indian-origin religions
23708:Wiggins, Steve (2007).
23672:Oxford Handbooks Online
23049:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
21670:Parker, Robert (2017).
21412:10.2307/j.ctv1ddckv5.12
19605:George, Andrew (1999),
19353:Erickson, Kyle (2011).
19205:Doniger, Wendy (1990),
19190:10.1515/janeh-2014-0004
18978:Cohen, Mark E. (1993).
18688:Brisch, Nicole (2016),
18514:10.3406/ktema.1999.2206
18116:Archi, Alfonso (2015).
18074:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
18014:Archi, Alfonso (2010).
17970:Archi, Alfonso (2004).
17926:Archi, Alfonso (1990).
7235:List of Hurrian deities
7230:List of Hittite deities
7225:List of Elamite deities
7198:Deuteronomistic History
7005:Shuqamuna and Shumaliya
6499:Hahharnum and Hayyashum
5257:Library of Ashurbanipal
4247:Muru, Girima near Uruk
3321:, has broken its wing.
2956:Nippur, Isin, and Uruk
2373:, a small village near
2131:temple complex in Uruk
740:E-kiš-nu-ğal temple in
213:are used synonymously.
22701:10.1515/aofo-2017-0009
22559:Selz, Gebhard (1995).
22520:"Ḫarbe, archäologisch"
22518:Seidl, Ursula (1972),
22024:"Nabû A. Philological"
19521:Hurrians and Subarians
19375:Assyriological Studies
18440:Beckman, Gary (1998).
17556:Black & Green 1992
17183:Black & Green 1992
16821:Black & Green 1992
16806:Black & Green 1992
16791:Black & Green 1992
16088:Black & Green 1992
16055:Black & Green 1992
16016:Black & Green 1992
15823:Black & Green 1992
15785:Black & Green 1992
15706:Black & Green 1992
15640:Black & Green 1992
15628:Black & Green 1992
14927:Black & Green 1992
14888:Black & Green 1992
14458:Black & Green 1992
14446:Black & Green 1992
14388:Black & Green 1992
14220:Black & Green 1992
14017:Black & Green 1992
14005:Black & Green 1992
13763:Black & Green 1992
13724:Black & Green 1992
13712:Black & Green 1992
13691:Black & Green 1992
13318:Black & Green 1992
13182:Black & Green 1992
12998:Black & Green 1992
12820:Black & Green 1992
12772:Black & Green 1992
12726:Black & Green 1992
12177:Black & Green 1992
12162:Black & Green 1992
11974:Black & Green 1992
11816:Black & Green 1992
11729:Black & Green 1992
11704:Black & Green 1992
11571:Black & Green 1992
11331:Black & Green 1992
10982:Black & Green 1992
10867:Black & Green 1992
10795:Black & Green 1992
10592:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10530:Black & Green 1992
10459:Black & Green 1992
10394:Black & Green 1992
10334:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10322:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10310:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10298:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10286:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10247:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10235:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10223:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008
10199:Black & Green 1992
9905:Black & Green 1992
9845:Black & Green 1992
9565:Black & Green 1992
9502:Black & Green 1992
9439:Black & Green 1992
9351:Black & Green 1992
9330:Kasak & Veede 2001
9318:Black & Green 1992
9299:Kasak & Veede 2001
9287:Black & Green 1992
9275:Kasak & Veede 2001
9251:Black & Green 1992
9214:Black & Green 1992
9190:Black & Green 1992
9178:Black & Green 1992
9153:Black & Green 1992
9129:Black & Green 1992
8998:Black & Green 1992
8849:, pp. ix–xi, xvi.
8835:Black & Green 1992
8805:Black & Green 1992
8769:Black & Green 1992
8740:Black & Green 1992
8705:Kasak & Veede 2001
8625:Black & Green 1992
8578:Black & Green 1992
8566:Black & Green 1992
8505:Black & Green 1992
8486:Kasak & Veede 2001
8474:Black & Green 1992
8434:Black & Green 1992
8291:Black & Green 1992
8279:Black & Green 1992
8084:Black & Green 1992
8017:Black & Green 1992
7988:Black & Green 1992
7953:Black & Green 1992
7734:Black & Green 1992
7681:Black & Green 1992
7558:Black & Green 1992
7473:Black & Green 1992
7458:Black & Green 1992
7443:Black & Green 1992
7389:Black & Green 1992
7370:Black & Green 1992
7343:Black & Green 1992
7324:Black & Green 1992
7307:Black & Green 1992
7292:Black & Green 1992
7280:Black & Green 1992
7154:
7014:
6973:
6897:
6867:
6838:
6711:
6637:
6538:
6508:
6449:
6370:
6326:
6253:
6216:Seleucia on the Tigris
6201:
6170:
6122:
6078:
6007:
5961:
5875:
5848:
5815:
5778:
5747:
5655:
5600:
5553:
5486:
5097:
4936:
4777:
4646:
4600:
4525:
4425:Ḫurim, Guabba, Lagash
4284:The Death of Gilgamesh
4269:
4224:
3802:
3719:Lisin and her brother
3378:
3001:
2815:
2366:
1658:
1592:
1466:
1435:
1294:
1234:
1173:
1099:
1061:
1015:
945:
889:
818:
779:
744:and another temple in
736:
663:
616:
575:
472:
463:Nudimmud, Ninshiku, Ea
420:
368:
54:
46:
24635:Mesopotamian religion
23951:Australian Aboriginal
23858:10.1515/9783110757262
23848:Zisa, Gioele (2021).
23292:Weeden, Mark (2016),
23258:10.3917/assy.102.0071
23218:10.3917/assy.112.0049
22964:Stol, Martin (2019),
22923:Stol, Martin (1998),
22439:(2). Brill: 121–168.
21622:Murat, Leyla (2009).
20593:"Richtergott(heiten)"
20065:James, E. O. (1963),
19942:Klein, Jacob (2010).
19519:Gelb, Ignace (1973).
19423:Feliu, Lluís (2003).
19067:(2). Wiley: 177–185.
18714:"Kassiten · Kassites"
18647:Blum, Erhard (1998),
18290:Bauer, Josef (1987),
18126:10.1515/9781614517887
18118:Ebla and Its Archives
17508:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
16911:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
16709:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
7153:
7013:
6972:
6896:
6866:
6837:
6710:
6636:
6537:
6507:
6448:
6369:
6325:
6252:
6200:
6169:
6121:
6077:
6006:
5960:
5874:
5847:
5814:
5777:
5746:
5654:
5599:
5552:
5485:
5145:he appears alongside
5096:
4935:
4776:
4686:The Marriage of Martu
4645:
4599:
4524:
4479:, possibly Gishbanda
4294:, in the Underworld.
4268:
4223:
3801:
3464:Nergal and Ereshkigal
3377:
3000:
2814:
2386:Early Dynastic Period
2365:
2297:Neo-Babylonian Period
1919:Early Dynastic period
1657:
1591:
1558:, Kish, Ḫursaĝkalama
1488:First Sealand dynasty
1465:
1434:
1293:
1273:neo-Babylonian period
1269:Old Babylonian period
1233:
1172:
1098:
1060:
1014:
988:, he slays the demon
970:, originally Mercury
944:
888:
817:
778:
735:
727:Enzu, Zuen, Suen, Sin
662:
615:
574:
471:
419:
367:
191:Old Babylonian Period
92:, including the word
52:
21:
24620:Mesopotamian deities
23174:van der Toorn, Karel
21904:10.1515/za-2016-0004
21400:"The gods of Arbail"
20673:Krul, Julia (2018).
20081:Encyclopedia of Gods
19918:Horry, Ruth (2016),
19894:Horry, Ruth (2013),
19724:History of Religions
17056:, pp. 361, 366.
16405:, pp. 124, 138.
9192:, pp. 138, 142.
8861:, pp. xiii, xv.
6574:. Evidence from the
6419:Šuḫnir and Terraban
5707:divine determinative
4760:Old Aramaic-speaking
4126:Ekišnuĝal temple in
2961:dream interpretation
2914:, who built a small
1177:E-gal-mah temple in
783:E-Babbar temples at
123:. The gods also had
22267:1998JBAA..108....9R
21784:10.1515/ZA.2009.006
21744:10.1086/JCS25608622
20681:. Münster: Zaphon.
20238:Kramer, Samuel Noah
20209:Katz, Dina (2003),
20157:Katz, Dina (1995).
19229:. Warszawa: Agade.
17770:, pp. 310–313.
17734:, pp. 302–305.
17068:, pp. 354–355.
17044:, pp. 364–366.
16925:, pp. 322–323.
16889:, pp. 324–325.
16735:, pp. 101–102.
16663:, pp. 101–113.
16639:, pp. 156–157.
16540:, pp. 140–142.
16255:, pp. 173–174.
16195:, pp. 169–171.
16090:, pp. 147–148.
16057:, pp. 115–116.
15997:, pp. 164–165.
15849:, pp. 144–145.
15720:, pp. 166–167.
15672:, pp. 153–154.
15642:, pp. 107–108.
15581:, pp. 192–193.
15306:, pp. 130–131.
15214:, pp. 413–414.
14890:, pp. 132–133.
14460:, pp. 139–140.
14019:, pp. 129–130.
13726:, pp. 123–124.
13660:, pp. 240–241.
13588:, pp. 506–507.
13441:, pp. 418–419.
13344:, pp. 432–424.
13320:, pp. 112–113.
13296:, pp. 316–317.
13145:, pp. 196–197.
13097:, pp. 358–359.
12636:, pp. 221–222.
12621:, pp. 220–221.
12104:, pp. 157–159.
12080:, pp. 174–175.
12027:, pp. 126–128.
12015:, pp. 125–126.
11988:, pp. 124–125.
11830:, pp. 224–225.
11753:Such-Gutiérrez 2005
11389:, pp. 353–354.
11114:, pp. 316–317.
10925:, pp. 107–134.
10901:, pp. 107–108.
10857:, pp. 107–147.
10747:, pp. 145–146.
10582:, pp. 228–229.
10461:, pp. 140–141.
10449:, pp. 168–169.
10336:, pp. 160–161.
10237:, pp. 116–117.
10055:, pp. 123–133.
9289:, pp. 142–143.
9216:, pp. 71, 138.
9090:, pp. 139–140.
8957:, pp. 102–104.
8915:, pp. 101–103.
8885:, pp. 225–228.
8320:, pp. 115–121.
8308:, pp. 231–234.
8169:, pp. 405–426.
8101:, pp. 261–278.
7990:, pp. 182–184.
7955:, pp. 108–109.
7930:, pp. 201–203.
7918:, pp. 122–123.
7826:, pp. 262–263.
7799:, pp. 279–280.
7748:, pp. 120–122.
7719:, pp. 127–140.
7433:, pp. 186–188.
7421:, pp. 186–187.
7309:, pp. 130–131.
6888:Ninatta and Kulitta
6770:text as the god of
5788:Neo-Assyrian Period
5701:he is described as
5506:Tablet of Destinies
4972:Tablet of Destinies
4322:Kiabrig, Ur, Larsa
4030:("righteousness").
3687:Tiglath-Pileser III
3541:Bad-Tibira, Rahabu
2299:(626 BC – 539 BC).
2027:Major cult centers
1261:Third Dynasty of Ur
1019:E-Meslam temple in
979:Tablet of Destinies
343:Major cult centers
201:1531 BC). The name
133:Third Dynasty of Ur
121:religious festivals
22486:(1). Brill: 1–44.
21521:Miller, Patrick D.
21350:Mesopotamian Myths
20012:Jacobsen, Thorkild
16389:2021-05-22 at the
15129:van der Toorn 1996
13427:van der Toorn 1995
12179:, pp. 57, 73.
8293:, pp. 74, 76.
7155:
7015:
6974:
6898:
6868:
6839:
6800:Minimzir/Mirizir.
6794:Wilfred G. Lambert
6712:
6647:Inshushinak (from
6638:
6539:
6509:
6450:
6371:
6327:
6254:
6202:
6171:
6123:
6091:rule, a number of
6079:
6008:
5962:
5876:
5849:
5816:
5779:
5748:
5668:Lucian of Samosata
5656:
5601:
5554:
5487:
5464:Associated god(s)
5388:Enki and Ninhursag
5098:
5020:Shullat and Hanish
4974:, but refuses. In
4937:
4781:Isin, Nippur, and
4778:
4762:population there.
4647:
4601:
4526:
4502:Nippur, Shuruppak
4456:Kisiga, Shuruppak
4360:Shuruppak, Nippur
4270:
4225:
3803:
3785:Sumerian King List
3398:Enki and Ninhursag
3379:
3347:Wilfred G. Lambert
3002:
2816:
2788:2021-05-07 at the
2723:Samuel Noah Kramer
2715:Enkimdu and Dumuzi
2685:2021-10-03 at the
2642:2021-05-07 at the
2367:
2321:Populus euphratica
1915:ancestors of Enlil
1659:
1629:Akkadian mythology
1593:
1467:
1436:
1382:was the snake-god
1301:, Assur, Kurba'il
1295:
1235:
1174:
1100:
1062:
1016:
946:
890:
880:Damgalnuna, Ninmah
819:
780:
737:
664:
617:
576:
524:, and the goddess
473:
421:
395:Wilfred G. Lambert
369:
256:, and later on in
222:Samuel Noah Kramer
86:Akkadian languages
76:, a word for the "
55:
47:
24605:
24604:
23867:978-3-11-075726-2
23841:978-0-19-534849-1
23821:978-0-06-090854-6
23801:978-0-19-515142-8
23761:978-0-85668-442-5
23721:978-1-59333-717-9
23647:978-90-56-93005-9
23441:978-90-72371-52-2
23327:978-90-56-93005-9
23189:978-90-04-10410-5
23155:978-90-279-3460-4
22796:978-90-04-18748-1
22656:978-90-474-2085-9
22572:978-0-924171-00-0
22397:978-3-447-04456-1
22377:978-0-8028-2959-7
22316:978-0-88029-127-9
22284:978-1-83860-111-9
22199:978-1-138-86073-5
22078:978-88-8241-388-0
21995:978-3-86835-202-3
21953:978-3-86835-076-0
21823:978-3-86835-019-7
21702:978-0-415-15706-3
21681:978-0-520-29394-6
21672:Greek Gods Abroad
21663:978-0-313-29497-6
21606:978-0-691-05395-0
21536:978-0-664-21262-9
21391:978-1-58115-203-6
21360:978-0-292-75130-9
21291:978-88-6969-233-8
21238:978-88-901286-4-6
21194:978-1-134-92074-7
21163:978-0-415-19811-0
21102:978-0-8146-5734-8
21073:978-1-57506-861-9
21034:978-1-885923-44-8
20688:978-3-96327-010-9
20304:Anatolian Studies
20284:978-0-226-45238-8
20253:978-0-8122-1047-7
20229:978-90-56-93005-9
20091:978-0-8160-5923-2
20058:978-0-300-07278-5
20027:978-1-55635-952-1
19995:978-0-9667495-0-2
19887:978-0-931464-99-7
19867:978-0-7425-9979-6
19810:978-90-6258-414-7
19680:978-0-567-55248-8
19620:978-0-14-044919-8
19559:978-90-6831-410-6
19530:978-0-226-62393-1
19512:978-0-520-04106-6
19465:978-0-7432-2338-6
19263:978-9-004-29562-9
19236:978-83-87111-41-0
19218:978-0-87779-044-0
19153:978-0-472-05227-1
19135:978-0-8028-4416-3
19104:978-0-567-53783-6
19073:10.1111/aae.12005
19041:978-0-19-283589-5
19026:Dalley, Stephanie
19018:978-1-78404-478-7
18970:978-0-520-95356-7
18952:978-1-59752-718-7
18932:978-3-16-154278-7
18839:"Nin-ama'arḫuššu"
18789:978-1-4051-0524-8
18680:978-9-004-25690-3
18662:978-3-290-17536-8
18640:978-0-7141-1705-8
18615:978-0-19-929633-0
18595:978-90-5356-503-2
18400:978-90-04-13024-1
18367:Acta Sumerologica
18346:978-90-04-13103-3
18256:978-1-107-15495-7
18221:978-3-7278-1738-0
18198:978-0-19-507618-9
18135:978-1-61451-716-0
18089:978-1-937040-11-6
17919:978-1-107-01205-9
17879:978-3-88120-868-0
17817:978-0-8006-2393-7
17797:978-0-231-13260-2
17758:, pp. 32–33.
17602:, pp. 37–39.
17534:, pp. 41–44.
17158:, pp. 47–48.
16793:, pp. 41–42.
16711:, pp. 86–87.
16465:, pp. 13–30.
16453:, pp. 51–63.
15687:, pp. 39–40.
15657:, pp. 33–34.
15605:, pp. 28–29.
15569:, pp. 27–28.
15503:, pp. 68–69.
12810:, pp. 67–68.
12568:, pp. 88–89.
12284:, pp. 49–50.
12203:, pp. 59–60.
12191:, pp. 21–22.
12131:, pp. 58–59.
11947:, pp. 37–38.
11573:, pp. 34–35.
11030:, pp. 22–23.
10884:, pp. 30–41.
10869:, pp. 53–54.
10845:, pp. 93–94.
10654:, pp. 61–63.
10642:, pp. 92–94.
10630:, pp. 20–27.
10618:, pp. 67–68.
10432:, pp. 37–38.
10324:, pp. 42–43.
10300:, pp. 23–24.
10249:, pp. 97–98.
9763:, pp. 21–22.
9644:, pp. 82–83.
9456:, pp. 74–84.
9418:, pp. 83–87.
9406:, pp. 83–84.
9394:, pp. 87–88.
9365:, pp. 74–84.
9277:, pp. 25–26.
9143:, pp. 58–59.
8969:, pp. 71–89.
8945:, pp. 52–71.
8930:, pp. 83–96.
8786:, pp. 36–37.
8707:, pp. 17–18.
8580:, pp. 37–38.
8531:, pp. 85–86.
8397:, pp. 34–35.
7572:, pp. 52–53.
7525:, pp. 53–54.
7460:, pp. 44–45.
7294:, pp. 93–94.
7265:, pp. 32–33.
7216:
7215:
7206:sole, supreme God
7190:Temple of Solomon
7146:
7109:
6956:Isin-Larsa period
6722:Her symbols were
6670:
6641:Elam, especially
6432:Puzur-Inshushinak
6114:
6044:
6043:
5647:
5583:Epic of Gilgamesh
5566:Epic of Gilgamesh
5478:
5448:
5447:
5434:Epic of Gilgamesh
5425:
5327:
5222:
5203:
5190:Epic of Gilgamesh
5051:
5030:Epic of Gilgamesh
4928:
4703:
4497:
4420:
4121:
4093:
3995:
3882:
3828:
3565:Theogony of Dunnu
3228:
3168:
2936:describes her as
2877:
2853:Epic of Gilgamesh
2838:
2680:Inanna and Bilulu
2609:Thorkild Jacobsen
2415:Epic of Gilgamesh
2358:
2310:
2288:Sippar and Larsa
2283:
2160:as the mother of
2011:
2010:
1741:Primordial beings
1738:
1737:
1286:
1185:, Assur, Sippar,
1165:
1053:
937:
881:
810:
771:
728:
691:Nebuchadnezzar II
464:
412:
360:
289:Sumerian religion
24642:
24625:Lists of deities
24594:
24593:
24582:
24424:King of the gods
23908:
23901:
23894:
23885:
23884:
23879:
23844:
23824:
23804:
23784:
23782:
23781:
23744:
23742:
23741:
23704:
23702:
23701:
23662:
23660:
23659:
23628:
23622:
23614:
23613:
23612:
23587:
23581:
23573:
23572:
23571:
23546:
23540:
23532:
23531:
23530:
23505:
23499:
23491:
23490:
23489:
23464:
23462:
23461:
23424:
23418:
23410:
23409:
23408:
23383:
23381:
23380:
23331:
23312:
23311:
23309:
23288:
23286:
23285:
23236:
23234:
23233:
23220:
23199:
23197:
23196:
23169:
23168:
23167:
23132:
23105:
23099:
23091:
23090:
23089:
23064:
23053:. Harrassowitz.
23045:
23043:
23042:
23001:
22995:
22987:
22986:
22985:
22960:
22954:
22946:
22945:
22944:
22919:
22918:
22916:
22895:
22894:
22892:
22871:
22869:
22868:
22811:
22809:
22808:
22771:
22765:
22757:
22756:
22755:
22730:
22729:
22728:
22679:
22677:
22676:
22637:
22635:
22634:
22595:
22593:
22592:
22555:
22549:
22541:
22540:
22539:
22514:
22512:
22511:
22470:
22468:
22467:
22461:
22430:
22420:
22418:
22417:
22380:
22360:
22354:
22346:
22345:
22344:
22319:
22309:, Dorset Press,
22296:
22269:
22249:
22248:
22247:
22226:
22213:
22212:
22211:
22182:
22161:
22159:
22158:
22101:
22099:
22098:
22059:
22053:
22045:
22044:
22043:
22018:
22016:
22015:
21976:
21974:
21973:
21934:
21932:
21931:
21882:
21880:
21879:
21846:
21844:
21843:
21806:
21804:
21803:
21762:
21737:
21716:
21715:
21714:
21685:
21666:
21646:
21644:
21643:
21624:"Goddess Išhara"
21618:
21591:
21589:
21588:
21582:
21549:
21539:
21516:
21510:
21502:
21501:
21500:
21475:
21469:
21461:
21460:
21459:
21434:
21432:
21431:
21394:
21374:
21373:
21372:
21343:
21342:
21340:
21317:
21315:
21314:
21308:
21271:
21261:
21259:
21258:
21221:
21220:
21218:
21197:
21177:
21176:
21175:
21146:
21140:
21132:
21131:
21130:
21105:
21085:
21058:
21056:
21054:
21017:
21011:
21003:
21002:
21001:
20976:
20970:
20962:
20961:
20960:
20935:
20929:
20921:
20920:
20919:
20894:
20892:
20891:
20834:
20828:
20820:
20819:
20818:
20793:
20787:
20779:
20778:
20777:
20752:
20746:
20738:
20737:
20736:
20711:
20709:
20708:
20669:
20663:
20655:
20654:
20653:
20628:
20622:
20614:
20613:
20612:
20587:
20581:
20573:
20572:
20571:
20546:
20544:
20543:
20537:
20508:
20498:
20492:
20484:
20483:
20482:
20457:
20451:
20443:
20442:
20441:
20416:
20410:
20402:
20401:
20400:
20375:
20369:
20361:
20360:
20359:
20334:
20298:
20297:
20296:
20267:
20266:
20265:
20233:
20214:
20205:
20203:
20202:
20153:
20152:
20151:
20145:
20122:
20104:
20094:
20074:
20061:
20041:
20040:
20039:
20007:
19980:
19978:
19977:
19938:
19937:
19935:
19914:
19913:
19911:
19890:
19870:
19850:
19848:
19847:
19814:
19795:
19789:
19781:
19780:
19779:
19754:
19718:
19694:
19693:
19692:
19663:
19661:
19660:
19623:
19601:
19574:
19572:
19571:
19542:
19515:
19495:
19468:
19448:
19419:
19413:
19405:
19404:
19403:
19378:
19369:
19359:
19349:
19343:
19335:
19334:
19333:
19308:
19302:
19294:
19293:
19292:
19267:
19248:
19221:
19201:
19175:
19165:
19138:
19118:
19117:
19116:
19084:
19055:
19054:
19053:
19021:
19001:
18974:
18955:
18935:
18915:
18909:
18901:
18900:
18899:
18874:
18868:
18860:
18859:
18858:
18833:
18827:
18819:
18818:
18817:
18792:
18769:
18749:
18743:
18735:
18734:
18733:
18708:
18707:
18705:
18684:
18665:
18643:
18625:
18623:
18622:
18598:
18576:
18570:
18562:
18561:
18560:
18535:
18525:
18496:
18494:
18493:
18436:
18434:
18433:
18412:
18385:
18383:
18382:
18357:
18327:
18321:
18313:
18312:
18311:
18286:
18265:Universal Empire
18259:
18239:
18237:
18236:
18230:
18213:
18201:
18183:
18181:
18180:
18139:
18112:
18110:
18109:
18070:
18068:
18067:
18010:
18008:
18007:
17966:
17964:
17963:
17922:
17902:
17900:
17899:
17860:
17831:
17830:
17829:
17800:
17771:
17765:
17759:
17753:
17747:
17741:
17735:
17729:
17723:
17717:
17711:
17705:
17696:
17690:
17681:
17675:
17666:
17660:
17651:
17645:
17639:
17633:
17627:
17621:
17615:
17609:
17603:
17597:
17591:
17585:
17576:
17570:
17559:
17553:
17547:
17541:
17535:
17529:
17523:
17517:
17511:
17505:
17499:
17493:
17487:
17481:
17475:
17469:
17463:
17457:
17451:
17445:
17439:
17433:
17427:
17421:
17415:
17409:
17403:
17397:
17391:
17385:
17379:
17373:
17367:
17361:
17355:
17349:
17338:
17332:
17326:
17320:
17314:
17308:
17299:
17293:
17280:
17274:
17263:
17257:
17251:
17245:
17239:
17233:
17227:
17221:
17215:
17209:
17203:
17197:
17186:
17180:
17159:
17153:
17147:
17141:
17135:
17129:
17123:
17117:
17111:
17105:
17096:
17090:
17081:
17075:
17069:
17063:
17057:
17051:
17045:
17039:
17033:
17027:
17021:
17015:
17009:
17003:
16997:
16991:
16985:
16982:Wiggermann 2011a
16979:
16970:
16964:
16953:
16947:
16941:
16935:
16926:
16920:
16914:
16908:
16902:
16896:
16890:
16884:
16875:
16869:
16860:
16854:
16848:
16842:
16836:
16830:
16824:
16818:
16809:
16803:
16794:
16788:
16782:
16779:Alvarez-Mon 2018
16776:
16770:
16764:
16755:
16749:
16736:
16730:
16724:
16718:
16712:
16706:
16700:
16694:
16688:
16682:
16676:
16670:
16664:
16658:
16652:
16646:
16640:
16634:
16628:
16622:
16616:
16610:
16604:
16598:
16592:
16586:
16580:
16574:
16568:
16562:
16556:
16550:
16541:
16535:
16529:
16523:
16517:
16511:
16505:
16499:
16493:
16487:
16478:
16472:
16466:
16460:
16454:
16448:
16442:
16436:
16430:
16427:Saadi-Nejad 2021
16424:
16418:
16412:
16406:
16400:
16394:
16379:
16373:
16367:
16361:
16355:
16346:
16340:
16334:
16328:
16313:
16307:
16301:
16295:
16286:
16280:
16271:
16265:
16256:
16250:
16241:
16235:
16226:
16220:
16211:
16205:
16196:
16190:
16184:
16178:
16165:
16159:
16153:
16147:
16141:
16135:
16126:
16120:
16103:
16097:
16091:
16085:
16079:
16073:
16058:
16052:
16046:
16040:
16031:
16025:
16019:
16013:
15998:
15992:
15986:
15980:
15974:
15968:
15962:
15956:
15947:
15941:
15932:
15926:
15911:
15905:
15892:
15886:
15877:
15871:
15865:
15859:
15850:
15844:
15838:
15832:
15826:
15820:
15807:
15801:
15788:
15782:
15767:
15761:
15752:
15746:
15733:
15727:
15721:
15715:
15709:
15703:
15688:
15682:
15673:
15667:
15658:
15652:
15643:
15637:
15631:
15625:
15606:
15600:
15594:
15588:
15582:
15576:
15570:
15564:
15558:
15552:
15546:
15540:
15525:
15519:
15504:
15498:
15492:
15486:
15480:
15474:
15468:
15462:
15456:
15450:
15444:
15438:
15432:
15426:
15420:
15414:
15408:
15402:
15381:
15375:
15366:
15360:
15351:
15345:
15334:
15328:
15322:
15316:
15307:
15301:
15292:
15286:
15273:
15267:
15261:
15255:
15249:
15243:
15230:
15224:
15215:
15209:
15203:
15197:
15188:
15182:
15176:
15170:
15164:
15158:
15147:
15144:Michalowski 2013
15141:
15132:
15126:
15117:
15111:
15105:
15099:
15093:
15087:
15081:
15075:
15066:
15060:
15054:
15048:
15037:
15031:
15025:
15019:
15013:
15007:
14998:
14992:
14986:
14980:
14969:
14963:
14957:
14951:
14942:
14936:
14930:
14924:
14891:
14885:
14879:
14873:
14862:
14856:
14843:
14837:
14826:
14820:
14809:
14803:
14788:
14782:
14776:
14770:
14761:
14755:
14746:
14740:
14734:
14728:
14719:
14713:
14704:
14698:
14692:
14686:
14677:
14671:
14665:
14659:
14653:
14647:
14641:
14635:
14629:
14623:
14617:
14611:
14605:
14599:
14590:
14584:
14575:
14569:
14558:
14552:
14541:
14535:
14526:
14520:
14514:
14508:
14497:
14491:
14485:
14479:
14473:
14467:
14461:
14455:
14449:
14443:
14432:
14426:
14420:
14414:
14403:
14397:
14391:
14385:
14368:
14362:
14356:
14350:
14344:
14338:
14325:
14319:
14313:
14307:
14296:
14290:
14281:
14275:
14262:
14256:
14250:
14244:
14235:
14229:
14223:
14217:
14202:
14196:
14187:
14181:
14172:
14166:
14160:
14154:
14143:
14137:
14126:
14120:
14109:
14103:
14097:
14091:
14085:
14079:
14073:
14067:
14056:
14050:
14041:
14035:
14020:
14014:
14008:
14002:
13993:
13987:
13981:
13975:
13969:
13963:
13952:
13946:
13937:
13931:
13918:
13912:
13906:
13900:
13891:
13885:
13879:
13873:
13860:
13854:
13843:
13837:
13831:
13825:
13810:
13804:
13798:
13792:
13783:
13777:
13766:
13760:
13727:
13721:
13715:
13709:
13694:
13688:
13661:
13655:
13649:
13643:
13637:
13631:
13625:
13619:
13606:
13600:
13589:
13583:
13574:
13568:
13562:
13559:Wiggermann 1998b
13556:
13537:
13531:
13520:
13514:
13508:
13502:
13489:
13483:
13474:
13468:
13457:
13451:
13442:
13436:
13430:
13424:
13415:
13409:
13403:
13397:
13384:
13378:
13372:
13366:
13357:
13351:
13345:
13339:
13333:
13327:
13321:
13315:
13309:
13303:
13297:
13291:
13285:
13279:
13270:
13264:
13255:
13249:
13236:
13230:
13221:
13215:
13209:
13206:Steinkeller 1982
13203:
13197:
13191:
13185:
13179:
13158:
13152:
13146:
13140:
13134:
13128:
13115:
13109:
13098:
13092:
13086:
13080:
13071:
13065:
13052:
13046:
13037:
13031:
13025:
13019:
13013:
13007:
13001:
12995:
12982:
12976:
12970:
12964:
12958:
12952:
12946:
12940:
12934:
12928:
12915:
12909:
12903:
12897:
12891:
12885:
12879:
12873:
12864:
12858:
12852:
12846:
12823:
12817:
12811:
12805:
12799:
12793:
12787:
12781:
12775:
12769:
12763:
12757:
12744:
12738:
12729:
12723:
12698:
12692:
12686:
12680:
12669:
12663:
12652:
12646:
12637:
12631:
12622:
12616:
12607:
12601:
12586:
12580:
12569:
12563:
12557:
12551:
12536:
12530:
12517:
12511:
12494:
12488:
12482:
12476:
12470:
12464:
12458:
12452:
12443:
12437:
12426:
12420:
12414:
12408:
12402:
12399:Mittermayer 2015
12396:
12387:
12381:
12375:
12369:
12363:
12357:
12348:
12342:
12331:
12325:
12319:
12313:
12300:
12294:
12285:
12279:
12270:
12264:
12255:
12249:
12243:
12237:
12231:
12225:
12219:
12213:
12204:
12198:
12192:
12186:
12180:
12174:
12165:
12159:
12144:
12138:
12132:
12126:
12120:
12114:
12105:
12099:
12093:
12087:
12081:
12075:
12069:
12063:
12052:
12046:
12040:
12034:
12028:
12022:
12016:
12010:
12004:
11998:
11989:
11983:
11977:
11971:
11948:
11942:
11936:
11930:
11921:
11915:
11909:
11903:
11897:
11891:
11880:
11874:
11868:
11862:
11856:
11850:
11831:
11825:
11819:
11813:
11780:
11774:
11768:
11762:
11756:
11750:
11744:
11738:
11732:
11726:
11707:
11701:
11684:
11678:
11669:
11663:
11654:
11648:
11642:
11636:
11625:
11619:
11613:
11607:
11601:
11595:
11586:
11580:
11574:
11568:
11562:
11556:
11550:
11544:
11538:
11532:
11523:
11520:Nemet-Nejat 1998
11517:
11511:
11505:
11496:
11490:
11484:
11478:
11472:
11466:
11460:
11457:Wiggermann 1998a
11454:
11443:
11437:
11431:
11425:
11414:
11408:
11402:
11396:
11390:
11384:
11378:
11372:
11366:
11360:
11349:
11343:
11334:
11328:
11309:
11303:
11297:
11291:
11282:
11276:
11270:
11264:
11258:
11252:
11246:
11240:
11229:
11223:
11217:
11211:
11205:
11199:
11190:
11184:
11178:
11172:
11166:
11160:
11154:
11148:
11142:
11136:
11130:
11124:
11115:
11109:
11103:
11097:
11091:
11085:
11079:
11073:
11067:
11061:
11055:
11049:
11043:
11037:
11031:
11025:
11019:
11013:
11000:
10994:
10985:
10979:
10968:
10962:
10953:
10947:
10941:
10935:
10926:
10920:
10914:
10908:
10902:
10896:
10885:
10879:
10870:
10864:
10858:
10852:
10846:
10840:
10834:
10831:Sallaberger 2017
10828:
10822:
10819:Sallaberger 2017
10816:
10810:
10807:Sallaberger 2017
10804:
10798:
10792:
10777:
10774:Michalowski 1998
10771:
10765:
10762:Michalowski 1998
10759:
10748:
10742:
10736:
10733:Michalowski 1998
10730:
10724:
10721:Michalowski 1998
10718:
10701:
10695:
10684:
10678:
10667:
10661:
10655:
10649:
10643:
10637:
10631:
10625:
10619:
10613:
10607:
10601:
10595:
10589:
10583:
10577:
10571:
10565:
10550:
10544:
10533:
10527:
10516:
10510:
10504:
10498:
10489:
10483:
10477:
10471:
10462:
10456:
10450:
10444:
10433:
10427:
10421:
10415:
10409:
10403:
10397:
10391:
10382:
10376:
10361:
10355:
10349:
10343:
10337:
10331:
10325:
10319:
10313:
10307:
10301:
10295:
10289:
10283:
10277:
10271:
10262:
10256:
10250:
10244:
10238:
10232:
10226:
10220:
10214:
10208:
10202:
10196:
10181:
10175:
10166:
10160:
10154:
10148:
10139:
10133:
10118:
10112:
10097:
10091:
10085:
10079:
10073:
10067:
10056:
10050:
10044:
10038:
10032:
10026:
10020:
10014:
10008:
10002:
9996:
9990:
9981:
9975:
9969:
9963:
9957:
9951:
9942:
9936:
9925:
9919:
9908:
9902:
9863:
9857:
9848:
9842:
9823:
9817:
9798:
9795:Sallaberger 2017
9792:
9779:
9773:
9764:
9758:
9752:
9746:
9737:
9731:
9722:
9716:
9710:
9704:
9698:
9692:
9679:
9673:
9660:
9654:
9645:
9639:
9633:
9627:
9618:
9612:
9606:
9600:
9585:
9579:
9568:
9562:
9549:
9543:
9537:
9531:
9522:
9519:Nemet-Nejat 1998
9516:
9505:
9499:
9472:
9466:
9457:
9451:
9442:
9436:
9419:
9413:
9407:
9401:
9395:
9389:
9383:
9377:
9366:
9360:
9354:
9348:
9333:
9327:
9321:
9315:
9302:
9296:
9290:
9284:
9278:
9272:
9266:
9260:
9254:
9248:
9229:
9223:
9217:
9211:
9205:
9199:
9193:
9187:
9181:
9175:
9156:
9150:
9144:
9138:
9132:
9126:
9120:
9114:
9103:
9097:
9091:
9085:
9079:
9073:
9067:
9061:
9034:
9028:
9022:
9016:
9001:
8995:
8970:
8964:
8958:
8952:
8946:
8940:
8931:
8925:
8916:
8910:
8901:
8895:
8886:
8883:Vanstiphout 1984
8880:
8874:
8868:
8862:
8856:
8850:
8844:
8838:
8832:
8823:
8817:
8808:
8802:
8787:
8781:
8772:
8766:
8743:
8737:
8720:
8714:
8708:
8702:
8693:
8687:
8678:
8672:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8628:
8622:
8593:
8587:
8581:
8575:
8569:
8563:
8557:
8551:
8532:
8526:
8520:
8514:
8508:
8502:
8489:
8483:
8477:
8471:
8456:
8455:
8443:
8437:
8431:
8398:
8392:
8383:
8377:
8366:
8360:
8345:
8339:
8333:
8327:
8321:
8315:
8309:
8303:
8294:
8288:
8282:
8276:
8261:
8255:
8246:
8240:
8229:
8223:
8217:
8211:
8205:
8199:
8193:
8187:
8170:
8164:
8155:
8149:
8143:
8137:
8131:
8125:
8119:
8113:
8102:
8096:
8087:
8081:
8058:
8052:
8037:
8031:
8020:
8014:
7991:
7985:
7979:
7976:Nemet-Nejat 1998
7973:
7956:
7950:
7931:
7928:Nemet-Nejat 1998
7925:
7919:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7865:
7859:
7853:
7842:
7836:
7827:
7821:
7815:
7809:
7800:
7794:
7785:
7779:
7773:
7767:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7743:
7737:
7731:
7720:
7717:Falkenstein 1965
7714:
7708:
7702:
7696:
7690:
7684:
7678:
7663:
7657:
7646:
7640:
7623:
7617:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7573:
7567:
7561:
7555:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7508:
7493:
7487:
7476:
7470:
7461:
7455:
7446:
7440:
7434:
7431:Nemet-Nejat 1998
7428:
7422:
7419:Nemet-Nejat 1998
7416:
7407:
7404:Nemet-Nejat 1998
7401:
7392:
7386:
7373:
7367:
7361:
7358:Nemet-Nejat 1998
7355:
7346:
7340:
7327:
7321:
7310:
7304:
7295:
7289:
7283:
7277:
7266:
7260:
7194:Babylonian exile
7188:, destroyed the
7130:
7105:
6718:, Hurrian areas
6668:
6616:Kassite pantheon
6230:) from Antioch.
6210:The Hellenistic
6129:areas, possibly
6110:
6060:Place of origin
6051:
6050:
5939:represent Ea on
5782:Enki/Ea; Marduk
5645:
5476:
5455:
5454:
5424:Mer, Ber, Iluwer
5423:
5325:
5220:
5201:
5049:
4926:
4816:Urash and Marduk
4701:
4495:
4418:
4119:
4091:
4010:shepherd's crook
3993:
3880:
3852:Nippur and Umma
3826:
3462:of both Anu (in
3307:Ilabrat was the
3226:
3166:
2873:
2836:
2410:Sîn-lēqi-unninni
2407:
2403:
2391:
2356:
2308:
2282:Sherida, Nin-Aya
2281:
2141:
2018:
2017:
1974:, a synonym for
1786:
1785:
1769:Epic of Creation
1747:creation stories
1284:
1152:
1051:
935:
893:E-Mah temple in
879:
808:
769:
726:
462:
410:
358:
334:
333:
200:
196:
179:Inanna's Descent
167:
142:
138:
29:
24652:
24651:
24645:
24644:
24643:
24641:
24640:
24639:
24610:
24609:
24606:
24601:
24569:
24335:
24259:Native American
23917:
23912:
23882:
23868:
23842:
23822:
23802:
23779:
23777:
23762:
23739:
23737:
23722:
23699:
23697:
23690:
23657:
23655:
23648:
23616:
23615:
23610:
23608:
23575:
23574:
23569:
23567:
23534:
23533:
23528:
23526:
23493:
23492:
23487:
23485:
23459:
23457:
23442:
23412:
23411:
23406:
23404:
23378:
23376:
23328:
23307:
23305:
23283:
23281:
23231:
23229:
23194:
23192:
23190:
23165:
23163:
23156:
23121:
23093:
23092:
23087:
23085:
23061:
23040:
23038:
22989:
22988:
22983:
22981:
22948:
22947:
22942:
22940:
22914:
22912:
22890:
22888:
22866:
22864:
22806:
22804:
22797:
22759:
22758:
22753:
22751:
22726:
22724:
22674:
22672:
22657:
22632:
22630:
22615:
22590:
22588:
22573:
22543:
22542:
22537:
22535:
22509:
22507:
22465:
22463:
22459:
22428:
22415:
22413:
22398:
22378:
22348:
22347:
22342:
22340:
22317:
22301:Saggs, H. W. F.
22285:
22245:
22243:
22209:
22207:
22200:
22156:
22154:
22096:
22094:
22079:
22047:
22046:
22041:
22039:
22013:
22011:
21996:
21971:
21969:
21954:
21929:
21927:
21877:
21875:
21841:
21839:
21824:
21801:
21799:
21712:
21710:
21703:
21682:
21664:
21641:
21639:
21607:
21586:
21584:
21580:
21574:
21552:Babel und Bibel
21547:
21537:
21504:
21503:
21498:
21496:
21463:
21462:
21457:
21455:
21429:
21427:
21392:
21370:
21368:
21361:
21338:
21336:
21312:
21310:
21306:
21292:
21269:
21256:
21254:
21239:
21216:
21214:
21195:
21173:
21171:
21164:
21134:
21133:
21128:
21126:
21103:
21074:
21052:
21050:
21035:
21005:
21004:
20999:
20997:
20964:
20963:
20958:
20956:
20923:
20922:
20917:
20915:
20889:
20887:
20856:10.2307/4200181
20840:"The God Aššur"
20822:
20821:
20816:
20814:
20781:
20780:
20775:
20773:
20740:
20739:
20734:
20732:
20706:
20704:
20689:
20657:
20656:
20651:
20649:
20616:
20615:
20610:
20608:
20575:
20574:
20569:
20567:
20541:
20539:
20535:
20521:
20506:
20486:
20485:
20480:
20478:
20445:
20444:
20439:
20437:
20404:
20403:
20398:
20396:
20363:
20362:
20357:
20355:
20316:10.2307/3642699
20294:
20292:
20285:
20263:
20261:
20254:
20230:
20200:
20198:
20149:
20147:
20143:
20120:10.1.1.570.6778
20102:
20092:
20059:
20037:
20035:
20028:
19996:
19975:
19973:
19966:
19933:
19931:
19909:
19907:
19888:
19868:
19845:
19843:
19811:
19783:
19782:
19777:
19775:
19690:
19688:
19681:
19658:
19656:
19641:
19621:
19590:
19569:
19567:
19560:
19531:
19513:
19484:
19466:
19437:
19407:
19406:
19401:
19399:
19357:
19337:
19336:
19331:
19329:
19296:
19295:
19290:
19288:
19264:
19237:
19219:
19173:
19154:
19136:
19114:
19112:
19105:
19051:
19049:
19042:
19019:
18990:
18971:
18953:
18933:
18903:
18902:
18897:
18895:
18862:
18861:
18856:
18854:
18821:
18820:
18815:
18813:
18790:
18774:Burkert, Walter
18737:
18736:
18731:
18729:
18703:
18701:
18681:
18663:
18641:
18620:
18618:
18616:
18596:
18564:
18563:
18558:
18556:
18491:
18489:
18458:10.2307/1360026
18431:
18429:
18401:
18380:
18378:
18347:
18315:
18314:
18309:
18307:
18283:
18257:
18234:
18232:
18228:
18222:
18211:
18199:
18178:
18176:
18136:
18107:
18105:
18090:
18065:
18063:
18005:
18003:
17961:
17959:
17920:
17897:
17895:
17880:
17827:
17825:
17818:
17798:
17779:
17774:
17766:
17762:
17754:
17750:
17742:
17738:
17730:
17726:
17718:
17714:
17706:
17699:
17691:
17684:
17676:
17669:
17661:
17654:
17646:
17642:
17634:
17630:
17622:
17618:
17612:Wiggermann 1997
17610:
17606:
17600:Wiggermann 1997
17598:
17594:
17586:
17579:
17573:Trémouille 2013
17571:
17562:
17554:
17550:
17542:
17538:
17530:
17526:
17522:, pp. 7–8.
17518:
17514:
17506:
17502:
17494:
17490:
17482:
17478:
17470:
17466:
17458:
17454:
17446:
17442:
17434:
17430:
17422:
17418:
17410:
17406:
17398:
17394:
17386:
17382:
17374:
17370:
17364:Barjamovic 2012
17362:
17358:
17350:
17341:
17333:
17329:
17321:
17317:
17309:
17302:
17294:
17283:
17275:
17266:
17258:
17254:
17246:
17242:
17234:
17230:
17222:
17218:
17210:
17206:
17198:
17189:
17181:
17162:
17156:Wiggermann 1997
17154:
17150:
17142:
17138:
17130:
17126:
17118:
17114:
17106:
17099:
17091:
17084:
17076:
17072:
17064:
17060:
17052:
17048:
17040:
17036:
17028:
17024:
17016:
17012:
17004:
17000:
16992:
16988:
16980:
16973:
16965:
16956:
16948:
16944:
16936:
16929:
16921:
16917:
16909:
16905:
16897:
16893:
16885:
16878:
16870:
16863:
16855:
16851:
16843:
16839:
16831:
16827:
16819:
16812:
16804:
16797:
16789:
16785:
16777:
16773:
16765:
16758:
16750:
16739:
16731:
16727:
16723:, pp. 6–7.
16719:
16715:
16707:
16703:
16695:
16691:
16683:
16679:
16671:
16667:
16659:
16655:
16647:
16643:
16635:
16631:
16623:
16619:
16611:
16607:
16599:
16595:
16587:
16583:
16575:
16571:
16563:
16559:
16551:
16544:
16536:
16532:
16526:Westenholz 1997
16524:
16520:
16512:
16508:
16500:
16496:
16488:
16481:
16473:
16469:
16461:
16457:
16449:
16445:
16437:
16433:
16425:
16421:
16413:
16409:
16401:
16397:
16391:Wayback Machine
16380:
16376:
16368:
16364:
16356:
16349:
16341:
16337:
16329:
16316:
16308:
16304:
16296:
16289:
16283:Wiggermann 1992
16281:
16274:
16268:Wiggermann 1992
16266:
16259:
16253:Wiggermann 1992
16251:
16244:
16238:Wiggermann 1992
16236:
16229:
16223:Wiggermann 1992
16221:
16214:
16208:Wiggermann 1992
16206:
16199:
16193:Wiggermann 1992
16191:
16187:
16181:Wiggermann 1992
16179:
16168:
16162:Wiggermann 2011
16160:
16156:
16150:Wiggermann 2011
16148:
16144:
16138:Wiggermann 2011
16136:
16129:
16123:Wiggermann 2011
16121:
16106:
16100:Wiggermann 2011
16098:
16094:
16086:
16082:
16076:Wiggermann 1992
16074:
16061:
16053:
16049:
16043:Wiggermann 1992
16041:
16034:
16028:Wiggermann 1992
16026:
16022:
16014:
16001:
15995:Wiggermann 1992
15993:
15989:
15983:Wiggermann 1992
15981:
15977:
15971:Wiggermann 1992
15969:
15965:
15959:Wiggermann 1992
15957:
15950:
15944:Wiggermann 1992
15942:
15935:
15929:Wiggermann 1992
15927:
15914:
15906:
15895:
15887:
15880:
15872:
15868:
15862:Wiggermann 1992
15860:
15853:
15845:
15841:
15833:
15829:
15821:
15810:
15804:Wiggermann 1992
15802:
15791:
15783:
15770:
15764:Wiggermann 1992
15762:
15755:
15749:Wiggermann 1992
15747:
15736:
15730:Wiggermann 1992
15728:
15724:
15718:Wiggermann 1992
15716:
15712:
15704:
15691:
15685:Wiggermann 1997
15683:
15676:
15668:
15661:
15653:
15646:
15638:
15634:
15626:
15609:
15601:
15597:
15589:
15585:
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15573:
15565:
15561:
15553:
15549:
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15528:
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15507:
15499:
15495:
15487:
15483:
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15471:
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15459:
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15447:
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15435:
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15376:
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15361:
15354:
15346:
15337:
15329:
15325:
15317:
15310:
15302:
15295:
15287:
15276:
15268:
15264:
15256:
15252:
15244:
15233:
15225:
15218:
15210:
15206:
15198:
15191:
15183:
15179:
15171:
15167:
15159:
15150:
15142:
15135:
15127:
15120:
15112:
15108:
15100:
15096:
15088:
15084:
15076:
15069:
15061:
15057:
15049:
15040:
15032:
15028:
15020:
15016:
15008:
15001:
14993:
14989:
14981:
14972:
14964:
14960:
14952:
14945:
14937:
14933:
14925:
14894:
14886:
14882:
14874:
14865:
14857:
14846:
14838:
14829:
14821:
14812:
14804:
14791:
14783:
14779:
14771:
14764:
14756:
14749:
14741:
14737:
14729:
14722:
14714:
14707:
14699:
14695:
14687:
14680:
14672:
14668:
14660:
14656:
14648:
14644:
14636:
14632:
14624:
14620:
14612:
14608:
14600:
14593:
14585:
14578:
14570:
14561:
14553:
14544:
14536:
14529:
14521:
14517:
14509:
14500:
14492:
14488:
14480:
14476:
14468:
14464:
14456:
14452:
14444:
14435:
14427:
14423:
14415:
14406:
14398:
14394:
14386:
14371:
14363:
14359:
14351:
14347:
14339:
14328:
14320:
14316:
14308:
14299:
14291:
14284:
14276:
14265:
14257:
14253:
14245:
14238:
14230:
14226:
14218:
14205:
14197:
14190:
14182:
14175:
14167:
14163:
14155:
14146:
14138:
14129:
14121:
14112:
14104:
14100:
14092:
14088:
14080:
14076:
14068:
14059:
14051:
14044:
14036:
14023:
14015:
14011:
14003:
13996:
13988:
13984:
13976:
13972:
13964:
13955:
13947:
13940:
13932:
13921:
13913:
13909:
13901:
13894:
13886:
13882:
13874:
13863:
13855:
13846:
13840:Krebernik 1987a
13838:
13834:
13826:
13813:
13805:
13801:
13793:
13786:
13778:
13769:
13761:
13730:
13722:
13718:
13710:
13697:
13689:
13664:
13656:
13652:
13644:
13640:
13632:
13628:
13620:
13609:
13601:
13592:
13584:
13577:
13569:
13565:
13557:
13540:
13532:
13523:
13515:
13511:
13503:
13492:
13484:
13477:
13469:
13460:
13452:
13445:
13437:
13433:
13425:
13418:
13410:
13406:
13398:
13387:
13379:
13375:
13367:
13360:
13352:
13348:
13340:
13336:
13328:
13324:
13316:
13312:
13304:
13300:
13292:
13288:
13280:
13273:
13265:
13258:
13250:
13239:
13231:
13224:
13216:
13212:
13204:
13200:
13192:
13188:
13180:
13161:
13153:
13149:
13141:
13137:
13129:
13118:
13112:Wiggermann 1997
13110:
13101:
13093:
13089:
13081:
13074:
13066:
13055:
13047:
13040:
13034:Wiggermann 1998
13032:
13028:
13020:
13016:
13008:
13004:
12996:
12985:
12977:
12973:
12965:
12961:
12953:
12949:
12941:
12937:
12929:
12918:
12910:
12906:
12898:
12894:
12886:
12882:
12874:
12867:
12859:
12855:
12847:
12826:
12818:
12814:
12806:
12802:
12794:
12790:
12782:
12778:
12770:
12766:
12758:
12747:
12739:
12732:
12724:
12701:
12693:
12689:
12681:
12672:
12664:
12655:
12647:
12640:
12632:
12625:
12617:
12610:
12602:
12589:
12581:
12572:
12564:
12560:
12552:
12539:
12531:
12520:
12512:
12497:
12489:
12485:
12477:
12473:
12465:
12461:
12453:
12446:
12438:
12429:
12421:
12417:
12409:
12405:
12397:
12390:
12382:
12378:
12370:
12366:
12358:
12351:
12343:
12334:
12326:
12322:
12314:
12303:
12295:
12288:
12280:
12273:
12265:
12258:
12250:
12246:
12238:
12234:
12230:, p. 1123.
12226:
12222:
12214:
12207:
12199:
12195:
12187:
12183:
12175:
12168:
12160:
12147:
12141:Westenholz 1997
12139:
12135:
12129:Westenholz 1997
12127:
12123:
12115:
12108:
12100:
12096:
12088:
12084:
12076:
12072:
12064:
12055:
12047:
12043:
12035:
12031:
12023:
12019:
12011:
12007:
11999:
11992:
11984:
11980:
11972:
11951:
11943:
11939:
11931:
11924:
11916:
11912:
11904:
11900:
11892:
11883:
11875:
11871:
11863:
11859:
11851:
11834:
11826:
11822:
11814:
11783:
11775:
11771:
11763:
11759:
11751:
11747:
11739:
11735:
11727:
11710:
11702:
11687:
11679:
11672:
11664:
11657:
11649:
11645:
11637:
11628:
11620:
11616:
11608:
11604:
11596:
11589:
11581:
11577:
11569:
11565:
11557:
11553:
11545:
11541:
11533:
11526:
11518:
11514:
11506:
11499:
11491:
11487:
11479:
11475:
11467:
11463:
11455:
11446:
11440:Wiggermann 1998
11438:
11434:
11426:
11417:
11409:
11405:
11397:
11393:
11385:
11381:
11373:
11369:
11361:
11352:
11344:
11337:
11329:
11312:
11304:
11300:
11292:
11285:
11277:
11273:
11265:
11261:
11253:
11249:
11241:
11232:
11224:
11220:
11212:
11208:
11200:
11193:
11185:
11181:
11173:
11169:
11161:
11157:
11149:
11145:
11137:
11133:
11125:
11118:
11110:
11106:
11098:
11094:
11090:, pp. 4–5.
11086:
11082:
11074:
11070:
11062:
11058:
11050:
11046:
11038:
11034:
11026:
11022:
11014:
11003:
10995:
10988:
10980:
10971:
10963:
10956:
10948:
10944:
10936:
10929:
10921:
10917:
10909:
10905:
10897:
10888:
10880:
10873:
10865:
10861:
10853:
10849:
10841:
10837:
10829:
10825:
10817:
10813:
10805:
10801:
10793:
10780:
10772:
10768:
10760:
10751:
10743:
10739:
10731:
10727:
10719:
10704:
10696:
10687:
10679:
10670:
10664:Wiggermann 1998
10662:
10658:
10650:
10646:
10638:
10634:
10626:
10622:
10614:
10610:
10604:Wiggermann 1998
10602:
10598:
10590:
10586:
10580:Wiggermann 1988
10578:
10574:
10566:
10553:
10547:Wiggermann 1998
10545:
10536:
10528:
10519:
10513:Wiggermann 1998
10511:
10507:
10499:
10492:
10484:
10480:
10472:
10465:
10457:
10453:
10447:Wiggermann 1992
10445:
10436:
10430:Wiggermann 1997
10428:
10424:
10418:Wiggermann 1997
10416:
10412:
10404:
10400:
10392:
10385:
10379:Wiggermann 1997
10377:
10364:
10356:
10352:
10344:
10340:
10332:
10328:
10320:
10316:
10308:
10304:
10296:
10292:
10284:
10280:
10272:
10265:
10257:
10253:
10245:
10241:
10233:
10229:
10221:
10217:
10209:
10205:
10197:
10184:
10178:Wiggermann 1997
10176:
10169:
10163:Wiggermann 1997
10161:
10157:
10149:
10142:
10136:Wiggermann 1997
10134:
10121:
10115:Wiggermann 1997
10113:
10100:
10092:
10088:
10080:
10076:
10068:
10059:
10051:
10047:
10039:
10035:
10027:
10023:
10015:
10011:
10003:
9999:
9991:
9984:
9976:
9972:
9964:
9960:
9952:
9945:
9937:
9928:
9920:
9911:
9903:
9866:
9858:
9851:
9843:
9826:
9818:
9801:
9793:
9782:
9774:
9767:
9759:
9755:
9747:
9740:
9732:
9725:
9717:
9713:
9705:
9701:
9693:
9682:
9674:
9663:
9655:
9648:
9640:
9636:
9628:
9621:
9613:
9609:
9601:
9588:
9580:
9571:
9563:
9552:
9546:Wiggermann 1997
9544:
9540:
9532:
9525:
9517:
9508:
9500:
9475:
9469:Wiggermann 1997
9467:
9460:
9452:
9445:
9437:
9422:
9414:
9410:
9402:
9398:
9390:
9386:
9378:
9369:
9361:
9357:
9349:
9336:
9328:
9324:
9316:
9305:
9297:
9293:
9285:
9281:
9273:
9269:
9261:
9257:
9249:
9232:
9224:
9220:
9212:
9208:
9200:
9196:
9188:
9184:
9176:
9159:
9151:
9147:
9139:
9135:
9127:
9123:
9115:
9106:
9098:
9094:
9086:
9082:
9074:
9070:
9062:
9037:
9029:
9025:
9017:
9004:
8996:
8973:
8965:
8961:
8953:
8949:
8941:
8934:
8926:
8919:
8911:
8904:
8896:
8889:
8881:
8877:
8869:
8865:
8857:
8853:
8845:
8841:
8833:
8826:
8818:
8811:
8803:
8790:
8782:
8775:
8767:
8746:
8738:
8723:
8715:
8711:
8703:
8696:
8688:
8681:
8673:
8666:
8658:
8654:
8646:
8631:
8623:
8596:
8588:
8584:
8576:
8572:
8564:
8560:
8552:
8535:
8527:
8523:
8515:
8511:
8503:
8492:
8484:
8480:
8472:
8459:
8444:
8440:
8432:
8401:
8393:
8386:
8378:
8369:
8361:
8348:
8340:
8336:
8328:
8324:
8316:
8312:
8304:
8297:
8289:
8285:
8277:
8264:
8256:
8249:
8241:
8232:
8224:
8220:
8212:
8208:
8200:
8196:
8188:
8173:
8165:
8158:
8150:
8146:
8138:
8134:
8126:
8122:
8114:
8105:
8097:
8090:
8082:
8061:
8053:
8040:
8032:
8023:
8015:
7994:
7986:
7982:
7974:
7959:
7951:
7934:
7926:
7922:
7914:
7910:
7902:
7898:
7890:
7886:
7878:
7874:
7866:
7862:
7854:
7845:
7837:
7830:
7822:
7818:
7810:
7803:
7795:
7788:
7780:
7776:
7768:
7764:
7756:
7752:
7744:
7740:
7732:
7723:
7715:
7711:
7703:
7699:
7691:
7687:
7679:
7666:
7658:
7649:
7641:
7626:
7618:
7603:
7599:, pp. 6–7.
7595:
7591:
7583:
7576:
7568:
7564:
7556:
7529:
7521:
7517:
7509:
7496:
7488:
7479:
7471:
7464:
7456:
7449:
7441:
7437:
7429:
7425:
7417:
7410:
7402:
7395:
7387:
7376:
7368:
7364:
7356:
7349:
7341:
7330:
7322:
7313:
7305:
7298:
7290:
7286:
7278:
7269:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7240:List of sukkals
7221:
7129:
7104:
7026:Kassite dynasty
6798:Kassite goddess
6667:
6109:
6049:
5644:
5475:
5453:
5422:
5324:
5219:
5200:
5121:Enki and Ninmah
5048:
4925:
4700:
4559:astral goddess
4553:Seleucid Period
4508:Enki and Ninmah
4494:
4417:
4407:Enki and Ninmah
4203:Enki and Ninmah
4118:
4090:
4000:Babylon, Assur
3992:
3879:
3825:
3580:Lagash, Nippur
3503:bēlet kaššāpāti
3402:Inanna and Enki
3290:Sargonic period
3249:
3242:trial by ordeal
3225:
3165:
3095:she assigned a
2872:
2859:Atra-Hasis Epic
2835:
2790:Wayback Machine
2687:Wayback Machine
2644:Wayback Machine
2514:Bunene was the
2460:
2355:
2307:
2280:
2136:Akkadian Period
2016:
1759:Enki and Ninmah
1743:
1665:, later Nippur
1617:Inanna and Enki
1446:Corona Borealis
1283:
1151:
1050:
934:
878:
807:
768:
725:
548:Inanna and Enki
488:, southern sky
461:
411:Nunamnir, Ellil
409:
381:Equatorial sky
357:
346:Celestial body
219:
62:anthropomorphic
12:
11:
5:
24650:
24649:
24638:
24637:
24632:
24627:
24622:
24603:
24602:
24600:
24599:
24587:
24574:
24571:
24570:
24568:
24567:
24562:
24557:
24552:
24547:
24542:
24537:
24532:
24531:
24530:
24520:
24515:
24510:
24509:
24508:
24498:
24493:
24488:
24483:
24478:
24473:
24468:
24463:
24458:
24457:
24456:
24446:
24441:
24436:
24431:
24426:
24421:
24416:
24411:
24406:
24401:
24396:
24391:
24386:
24381:
24376:
24371:
24366:
24361:
24356:
24351:
24345:
24343:
24341:By association
24337:
24336:
24334:
24333:
24328:
24323:
24318:
24313:
24308:
24303:
24298:
24293:
24288:
24283:
24278:
24273:
24268:
24267:
24266:
24256:
24251:
24246:
24241:
24236:
24231:
24226:
24221:
24216:
24211:
24206:
24201:
24196:
24191:
24186:
24181:
24176:
24171:
24166:
24161:
24160:
24159:
24158:
24157:
24147:
24146:
24145:
24135:
24134:
24133:
24128:
24118:
24117:
24116:
24111:
24096:
24091:
24086:
24081:
24076:
24075:
24074:
24064:
24063:
24062:
24052:
24047:
24042:
24037:
24032:
24027:
24026:
24025:
24020:
24010:
24005:
24000:
23995:
23994:
23993:
23983:
23978:
23973:
23968:
23963:
23958:
23953:
23948:
23943:
23938:
23933:
23927:
23925:
23919:
23918:
23911:
23910:
23903:
23896:
23888:
23881:
23880:
23866:
23852:. De Gruyter.
23845:
23840:
23825:
23820:
23805:
23800:
23785:
23760:
23745:
23720:
23705:
23689:978-0199557301
23688:
23663:
23646:
23629:
23588:
23547:
23506:
23465:
23440:
23425:
23384:
23332:
23326:
23313:
23289:
23237:
23211:(112): 49–90.
23200:
23188:
23170:
23154:
23133:
23119:
23106:
23065:
23060:978-3447058858
23059:
23046:
23002:
22961:
22920:
22896:
22872:
22833:10.1086/372968
22812:
22795:
22772:
22731:
22680:
22655:
22638:
22613:
22596:
22571:
22556:
22515:
22471:
22421:
22396:
22381:
22376:
22361:
22320:
22315:
22297:
22283:
22270:
22250:
22227:
22214:
22198:
22183:
22162:
22102:
22077:
22060:
22019:
21994:
21977:
21952:
21935:
21883:
21862:(2): 279–288.
21847:
21822:
21807:
21763:
21717:
21701:
21686:
21680:
21667:
21662:
21647:
21619:
21605:
21592:
21572:
21540:
21535:
21517:
21476:
21435:
21395:
21390:
21375:
21359:
21344:
21318:
21290:
21262:
21237:
21222:
21198:
21193:
21178:
21162:
21147:
21106:
21101:
21086:
21072:
21059:
21033:
21018:
20977:
20936:
20895:
20835:
20794:
20753:
20712:
20687:
20670:
20629:
20588:
20552:"Pa(p)-niĝara"
20547:
20519:
20499:
20458:
20417:
20376:
20335:
20299:
20283:
20268:
20252:
20234:
20228:
20215:
20206:
20154:
20095:
20090:
20075:
20062:
20057:
20042:
20026:
20008:
19994:
19981:
19964:
19939:
19915:
19891:
19886:
19871:
19866:
19851:
19815:
19809:
19796:
19755:
19736:10.1086/463228
19730:(3): 261–278,
19719:
19708:10.2307/605698
19695:
19679:
19664:
19639:
19624:
19619:
19602:
19588:
19575:
19558:
19543:
19529:
19516:
19511:
19496:
19482:
19469:
19464:
19449:
19435:
19420:
19379:
19370:
19350:
19309:
19268:
19262:
19256:. USA: Brill.
19249:
19235:
19222:
19217:
19202:
19184:(2): 201–229.
19166:
19152:
19139:
19134:
19119:
19103:
19085:
19056:
19040:
19022:
19017:
19002:
18988:
18975:
18969:
18956:
18951:
18936:
18931:
18916:
18875:
18834:
18793:
18788:
18770:
18750:
18709:
18685:
18679:
18673:. USA: Brill.
18666:
18661:
18644:
18639:
18626:
18614:
18599:
18594:
18577:
18536:
18497:
18437:
18413:
18399:
18386:
18358:
18345:
18328:
18287:
18281:
18260:
18255:
18240:
18220:
18202:
18197:
18184:
18140:
18134:
18120:. DE GRUYTER.
18113:
18088:
18071:
18011:
17967:
17923:
17918:
17903:
17878:
17861:
17832:
17816:
17801:
17796:
17780:
17778:
17775:
17773:
17772:
17760:
17748:
17746:, p. 917.
17736:
17724:
17712:
17710:, p. 125.
17697:
17682:
17680:, p. 110.
17667:
17665:, p. 109.
17663:MacGinnis 2020
17652:
17650:, p. 152.
17648:Krebernik 1998
17640:
17628:
17616:
17604:
17592:
17590:, p. 181.
17577:
17575:, p. 374.
17560:
17548:
17546:, p. 268.
17536:
17524:
17512:
17500:
17498:, p. 106.
17488:
17476:
17464:
17462:, p. 291.
17452:
17450:, p. 288.
17440:
17438:, p. 634.
17428:
17426:, p. 403.
17416:
17414:, p. 354.
17412:Henkelman 2008
17404:
17392:
17390:, p. 123.
17380:
17376:Krebernik 1997
17368:
17356:
17354:, p. 346.
17339:
17327:
17315:
17300:
17281:
17279:, p. 229.
17264:
17252:
17250:, p. 134.
17240:
17228:
17216:
17204:
17200:Krebernik 1997
17187:
17160:
17148:
17144:Henkelman 2008
17136:
17134:, p. 114.
17124:
17122:, p. 472.
17112:
17110:, p. 105.
17097:
17095:, p. 104.
17082:
17080:, p. 353.
17078:Henkelman 2008
17070:
17066:Henkelman 2008
17058:
17054:Henkelman 2008
17046:
17042:Henkelman 2008
17034:
17030:al-Salihi 1996
17022:
17010:
17008:, p. 302.
16998:
16986:
16984:, p. 672.
16971:
16969:, p. 169.
16954:
16952:, p. 324.
16942:
16940:, p. 112.
16927:
16915:
16903:
16891:
16876:
16874:, p. 332.
16861:
16859:, p. 325.
16849:
16837:
16835:, p. 223.
16825:
16810:
16795:
16783:
16781:, p. 186.
16771:
16769:, p. 103.
16756:
16754:, p. 102.
16737:
16725:
16713:
16701:
16699:, p. 101.
16689:
16677:
16675:, p. 134.
16665:
16653:
16651:, p. 120.
16641:
16629:
16627:, p. 162.
16617:
16615:, p. 155.
16605:
16603:, p. 154.
16593:
16591:, p. 166.
16581:
16579:, p. 158.
16569:
16567:, p. 163.
16557:
16555:, p. 153.
16542:
16530:
16518:
16506:
16504:, p. 140.
16494:
16492:, p. 118.
16479:
16477:, p. 218.
16467:
16455:
16443:
16431:
16429:, p. 121.
16419:
16417:, p. 170.
16407:
16395:
16374:
16372:, p. 188.
16362:
16360:, p. 100.
16347:
16345:, p. 365.
16335:
16314:
16312:, p. 283.
16302:
16300:, p. 172.
16287:
16285:, p. 181.
16272:
16270:, p. 173.
16257:
16242:
16240:, p. 172.
16227:
16225:, p. 171.
16212:
16210:, p. 170.
16197:
16185:
16183:, p. 184.
16166:
16164:, p. 464.
16154:
16152:, p. 461.
16142:
16140:, p. 463.
16127:
16125:, p. 462.
16104:
16102:, p. 459.
16092:
16080:
16078:, p. 169.
16059:
16047:
16045:, p. 165.
16032:
16030:, p. 164.
16020:
16018:, p. 115.
15999:
15987:
15985:, p. 177.
15975:
15973:, p. 174.
15963:
15961:, p. 176.
15948:
15946:, p. 182.
15933:
15931:, p. 183.
15912:
15910:, p. 603.
15893:
15891:, p. 320.
15878:
15876:, p. 145.
15866:
15864:, p. 146.
15851:
15839:
15837:, p. 144.
15827:
15825:, p. 148.
15808:
15806:, p. 180.
15789:
15768:
15766:, p. 168.
15753:
15751:, p. 167.
15734:
15732:, p. 166.
15722:
15710:
15689:
15674:
15659:
15644:
15632:
15630:, p. 107.
15607:
15595:
15593:, p. 199.
15583:
15571:
15559:
15557:, p. 519.
15547:
15545:, p. 184.
15526:
15524:, p. 518.
15505:
15493:
15491:, p. 252.
15481:
15479:, p. 255.
15469:
15467:, p. 128.
15457:
15455:, p. 125.
15445:
15443:, p. 255.
15433:
15431:, p. 485.
15421:
15419:, p. 483.
15409:
15382:
15380:, p. 113.
15367:
15365:, p. 519.
15352:
15350:, p. 517.
15335:
15333:, p. 516.
15323:
15321:, p. 513.
15308:
15293:
15291:, p. 149.
15274:
15272:, p. 279.
15262:
15260:, p. 281.
15250:
15248:, p. 225.
15231:
15229:, p. 170.
15216:
15204:
15202:, p. 414.
15189:
15187:, p. 413.
15177:
15165:
15161:Peterson 2009a
15148:
15146:, p. 241.
15133:
15118:
15116:, p. 141.
15106:
15104:, p. 167.
15094:
15092:, p. 167.
15082:
15078:Krebernik 2011
15067:
15065:, p. 315.
15055:
15053:, p. 326.
15051:Krebernik 2005
15038:
15036:, p. 325.
15034:Krebernik 2005
15026:
15014:
14999:
14997:, p. 618.
14987:
14985:, p. 236.
14970:
14968:, p. 234.
14958:
14956:, p. 615.
14943:
14941:, p. 291.
14931:
14929:, p. 145.
14892:
14880:
14878:, p. 147.
14863:
14861:, p. 103.
14844:
14827:
14810:
14789:
14777:
14775:, p. 147.
14762:
14747:
14745:, p. 225.
14735:
14733:, p. 227.
14720:
14718:, p. 232.
14705:
14703:, p. 222.
14693:
14678:
14666:
14654:
14652:, p. 129.
14642:
14630:
14618:
14606:
14604:, p. 223.
14591:
14589:, p. 616.
14576:
14574:, p. 168.
14559:
14557:, p. 126.
14542:
14540:, p. 115.
14527:
14515:
14513:, p. 375.
14498:
14496:, p. 375.
14486:
14474:
14462:
14450:
14448:, p. 139.
14433:
14431:, p. 110.
14421:
14404:
14392:
14390:, p. 132.
14369:
14357:
14355:, p. 377.
14345:
14343:, p. 337.
14326:
14324:, p. 506.
14314:
14312:, p. 434.
14297:
14295:, p. 144.
14282:
14280:, p. 221.
14263:
14261:, p. 109.
14251:
14236:
14234:, p. 120.
14224:
14222:, p. 138.
14203:
14201:, p. 345.
14188:
14186:, p. 343.
14173:
14171:, p. 111.
14161:
14159:, p. 346.
14144:
14142:, p. 344.
14127:
14125:, p. 342.
14110:
14108:, p. 218.
14098:
14096:, p. 215.
14086:
14074:
14072:, p. 235.
14057:
14055:, p. 159.
14042:
14040:, p. 146.
14021:
14009:
14007:, p. 129.
13994:
13992:, p. 134.
13982:
13980:, p. 120.
13970:
13968:, p. 345.
13953:
13951:, p. 344.
13938:
13936:, p. 117.
13919:
13917:, p. 138.
13907:
13905:, p. 356.
13903:Krebernik 2008
13892:
13890:, p. 257.
13880:
13878:, p. 265.
13861:
13844:
13842:, p. 330.
13832:
13811:
13809:, p. 168.
13799:
13784:
13782:, p. 518.
13767:
13765:, p. 116.
13728:
13716:
13714:, p. 124.
13695:
13693:, p. 123.
13662:
13650:
13648:, p. 218.
13638:
13636:, p. 244.
13626:
13607:
13605:, p. 507.
13590:
13575:
13573:, p. 417.
13563:
13561:, p. 220.
13538:
13536:, p. 523.
13521:
13519:, p. 524.
13509:
13507:, p. 247.
13490:
13475:
13473:, p. 419.
13458:
13456:, p. 418.
13443:
13431:
13429:, p. 368.
13416:
13414:, p. 224.
13404:
13402:, p. 101.
13385:
13383:, p. 168.
13373:
13371:, p. 115.
13358:
13356:, p. 156.
13346:
13334:
13332:, p. 407.
13322:
13310:
13308:, p. 318.
13298:
13286:
13284:, p. 316.
13271:
13269:, p. 317.
13256:
13254:, p. 389.
13237:
13222:
13220:, p. 152.
13210:
13208:, p. 289.
13198:
13186:
13184:, p. 112.
13159:
13157:, p. 114.
13147:
13135:
13133:, p. 330.
13131:Henkelman 2008
13116:
13099:
13095:Krebernik 2008
13087:
13085:, p. 358.
13083:Krebernik 2008
13072:
13070:, p. 196.
13053:
13038:
13036:, p. 492.
13026:
13014:
13012:, p. 145.
13002:
12983:
12981:, p. 125.
12971:
12969:, p. 430.
12959:
12957:, p. 126.
12947:
12945:, p. 124.
12935:
12933:, p. 146.
12916:
12914:, p. 110.
12904:
12902:, p. 165.
12892:
12890:, p. 141.
12880:
12878:, p. 140.
12865:
12863:, p. 164.
12853:
12824:
12812:
12800:
12788:
12776:
12774:, p. 168.
12764:
12745:
12743:, p. 206.
12730:
12699:
12687:
12685:, p. 141.
12670:
12668:, p. 736.
12666:Armstrong 1996
12653:
12651:, p. 222.
12638:
12623:
12608:
12587:
12570:
12558:
12537:
12518:
12495:
12493:, p. 126.
12483:
12481:, p. 214.
12471:
12469:, p. 209.
12459:
12457:, p. 137.
12444:
12427:
12425:, p. 105.
12415:
12413:, p. 104.
12403:
12401:, p. 383.
12388:
12376:
12374:, p. 486.
12364:
12362:, p. 184.
12349:
12332:
12320:
12301:
12286:
12271:
12269:, p. 162.
12267:Krebernik 2003
12256:
12254:, p. 388.
12244:
12242:, p. 116.
12232:
12220:
12218:, p. 114.
12205:
12193:
12181:
12166:
12145:
12133:
12121:
12106:
12094:
12082:
12070:
12068:, p. 617.
12053:
12051:, p. 130.
12041:
12039:, p. 129.
12029:
12017:
12005:
11990:
11978:
11949:
11937:
11922:
11910:
11898:
11896:, p. 115.
11894:Krebernik 1987
11881:
11879:, p. 251.
11869:
11867:, p. 259.
11857:
11855:, p. 119.
11832:
11820:
11818:, p. 173.
11781:
11769:
11767:, p. 106.
11757:
11745:
11733:
11731:, p. 122.
11708:
11685:
11683:, p. 273.
11670:
11668:, p. 262.
11655:
11653:, p. 261.
11643:
11641:, p. 260.
11626:
11624:, p. 286.
11614:
11612:, p. 133.
11602:
11587:
11585:, p. 255.
11575:
11563:
11561:, p. 300.
11551:
11549:, p. 125.
11539:
11537:, p. 105.
11524:
11522:, p. 182.
11512:
11510:, p. 104.
11497:
11493:Wasserman 2008
11485:
11481:Wasserman 2008
11473:
11461:
11459:, p. 368.
11444:
11442:, p. 493.
11432:
11415:
11403:
11401:, p. 359.
11391:
11379:
11377:, p. 327.
11367:
11365:, p. 131.
11350:
11346:Peterson 2016a
11335:
11333:, p. 177.
11310:
11308:, p. 302.
11298:
11296:, p. 303.
11283:
11281:, p. 281.
11271:
11269:, p. 287.
11259:
11257:, p. 286.
11247:
11245:, p. 284.
11230:
11228:, p. 216.
11218:
11216:, p. 285.
11206:
11204:, p. 417.
11191:
11189:, p. 416.
11179:
11177:, p. 409.
11167:
11165:, p. 408.
11155:
11153:, p. 406.
11143:
11141:, p. 412.
11131:
11129:, p. 411.
11116:
11104:
11102:, p. 223.
11092:
11080:
11078:, p. 161.
11076:Krebernik 2003
11068:
11066:, p. 327.
11056:
11054:, p. 160.
11052:Krebernik 2003
11044:
11042:, p. 425.
11032:
11020:
11018:, p. 424.
11001:
10999:, p. 418.
10986:
10969:
10967:, p. 304.
10954:
10952:, p. 389.
10942:
10940:, p. 108.
10927:
10915:
10913:, p. 134.
10903:
10886:
10871:
10859:
10847:
10835:
10833:, p. 167.
10823:
10821:, p. 168.
10811:
10809:, p. 165.
10799:
10797:, p. 187.
10778:
10776:, p. 579.
10766:
10764:, p. 578.
10749:
10737:
10735:, p. 577.
10725:
10723:, p. 576.
10702:
10700:, p. 234.
10685:
10683:, p. 132.
10668:
10666:, p. 496.
10656:
10644:
10632:
10620:
10608:
10606:, p. 498.
10596:
10584:
10572:
10551:
10549:, p. 497.
10534:
10532:, p. 141.
10517:
10515:, p. 491.
10505:
10490:
10488:, p. 147.
10478:
10476:, p. 112.
10463:
10451:
10434:
10422:
10410:
10408:, p. 288.
10398:
10396:, p. 137.
10383:
10362:
10360:, p. 169.
10350:
10348:, p. 165.
10338:
10326:
10314:
10302:
10290:
10278:
10263:
10261:, p. 267.
10251:
10239:
10227:
10225:, p. 124.
10215:
10213:, p. 147.
10203:
10201:, p. 134.
10182:
10167:
10155:
10140:
10119:
10098:
10096:, p. 147.
10086:
10084:, p. 139.
10074:
10072:, p. 133.
10057:
10045:
10043:, p. 134.
10033:
10031:, p. 130.
10021:
10019:, p. 138.
10009:
10007:, p. 137.
9997:
9995:, p. 132.
9982:
9980:, p. 145.
9970:
9968:, p. 121.
9958:
9956:, p. 135.
9943:
9941:, p. 143.
9926:
9924:, p. 140.
9909:
9907:, p. 111.
9864:
9862:, p. 131.
9849:
9847:, p. 110.
9824:
9799:
9797:, p. 164.
9780:
9765:
9753:
9738:
9736:, p. 205.
9723:
9721:, p. 190.
9711:
9709:, p. 189.
9699:
9680:
9661:
9659:, p. 100.
9646:
9634:
9619:
9617:, p. 242.
9607:
9586:
9584:, p. 252.
9569:
9567:, p. 101.
9550:
9538:
9523:
9521:, p. 184.
9506:
9473:
9458:
9443:
9420:
9408:
9396:
9384:
9382:, p. 116.
9367:
9355:
9334:
9322:
9320:, p. 136.
9303:
9291:
9279:
9267:
9255:
9253:, p. 143.
9230:
9218:
9206:
9194:
9182:
9180:, p. 142.
9157:
9155:, p. 146.
9145:
9133:
9121:
9104:
9102:, p. 138.
9092:
9080:
9068:
9035:
9033:, p. 137.
9023:
9002:
9000:, p. 140.
8971:
8959:
8947:
8932:
8917:
8902:
8900:, p. 101.
8887:
8875:
8873:, p. 101.
8863:
8851:
8839:
8837:, p. 109.
8824:
8809:
8807:, p. 108.
8788:
8773:
8771:, p. 184.
8744:
8742:, p. 182.
8721:
8719:, p. 279.
8709:
8694:
8679:
8664:
8652:
8629:
8627:, p. 133.
8594:
8592:, p. 246.
8582:
8570:
8558:
8533:
8521:
8509:
8490:
8478:
8476:, p. 128.
8457:
8438:
8399:
8384:
8367:
8363:Schneider 2011
8346:
8344:, p. 121.
8334:
8332:, p. 119.
8322:
8310:
8295:
8283:
8262:
8260:, p. 108.
8247:
8230:
8228:, p. 184.
8218:
8216:, p. 118.
8206:
8202:Schneider 2011
8194:
8171:
8156:
8154:, p. 403.
8144:
8142:, p. 140.
8132:
8130:, p. 101.
8120:
8103:
8088:
8059:
8038:
8036:, p. 512.
8034:Henkelman 2011
8021:
8019:, p. 135.
7992:
7980:
7978:, p. 203.
7957:
7932:
7920:
7908:
7906:, p. 123.
7896:
7894:, p. 119.
7884:
7882:, p. 424.
7880:McEvilley 2002
7872:
7870:, p. 275.
7860:
7858:, p. 199.
7843:
7841:, p. 142.
7828:
7816:
7814:, p. 262.
7801:
7786:
7774:
7762:
7750:
7738:
7736:, p. 106.
7721:
7709:
7707:, p. 115.
7697:
7695:, p. 229.
7685:
7664:
7662:, p. 193.
7647:
7624:
7601:
7589:
7574:
7570:Schneider 2011
7562:
7560:, p. 147.
7527:
7523:Schneider 2011
7515:
7511:Schneider 2011
7494:
7490:Schneider 2011
7477:
7462:
7447:
7445:, p. 174.
7435:
7423:
7408:
7406:, p. 186.
7393:
7374:
7372:, p. 102.
7362:
7360:, p. 185.
7347:
7328:
7326:, p. 130.
7311:
7296:
7284:
7267:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7208:. Much of the
7182:Nebuchadnezzar
7178:Neo-Babylonian
7166:
7156:
7147:
7123:
7122:
7115:
7114:Hurrian areas
7112:
7110:
7100:
7099:
7080:
7075:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7047:
7042:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7022:
7016:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6985:
6975:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6952:
6951:Ebla, Tuttul
6949:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6902:
6901:Hurrian areas
6899:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6872:
6869:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6846:
6840:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6775:
6761:
6755:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6719:
6713:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6686:Failaka Island
6678:
6673:
6671:
6661:
6660:
6645:
6639:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6564:
6559:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6543:
6540:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6513:
6512:Hurrian areas
6510:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6490:
6481:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6456:
6451:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6375:
6372:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6333:
6328:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6293:
6287:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6258:
6255:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6208:
6203:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6175:
6172:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6145:or Alla-Gula,
6134:
6133:in particular
6124:
6115:
6105:
6104:
6085:
6080:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6009:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5983:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5966:
5963:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5909:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5879:
5877:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5853:
5850:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5819:
5817:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5783:
5780:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5752:
5749:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5659:
5657:
5648:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5608:
5602:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5557:
5555:
5546:
5544:Bull of Heaven
5540:
5539:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5491:
5488:
5479:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5416:
5415:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5337:theos eponymos
5333:
5330:
5328:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5245:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:Girsu, Lagash
5099:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5042:
5041:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5016:
5015:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4964:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4929:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4906:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4867:
4866:Babylon, Uruk
4864:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4785:
4779:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4694:
4693:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4653:
4648:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4607:
4602:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4541:
4527:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4411:
4410:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4276:
4271:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4226:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4084:
4083:
4076:
4075:Girsu, Ki'eša
4073:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3951:Babylon, Kish
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3819:
3818:
3807:
3804:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3769:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3456:Kakka was the
3454:
3453:Maškan-šarrum
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3388:
3380:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3159:
3158:
3123:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2817:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2703:
2702:possibly Umma
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2677:from the myth
2671:early dynastic
2667:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2189:Sippar-Amnanum
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2148:Walter Burkert
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1911:
1909:
1907:Enki and Ninki
1903:
1902:
1890:
1888:
1887:Dūri and Dāri
1884:
1883:
1863:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1831:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1175:
1166:
1145:
1144:
1135:. In the poem
1111:
1106:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1078:corrupted form
1074:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1032:
1027:
1025:Mashkan-shapir
1017:
1008:
1002:
1001:
971:
965:
947:
938:
928:
927:
903:
901:
891:
882:
872:
871:
868:divine justice
847:
842:
820:
811:
801:
800:
796:
791:
781:
772:
762:
761:
753:
748:
738:
729:
719:
718:
679:
674:
665:
656:
650:
649:
625:
623:
618:
609:
603:
602:
587:
582:
577:
568:
562:
561:
489:
483:
474:
465:
455:
454:
434:
431:
422:
413:
403:
402:
382:
379:
370:
361:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
218:
215:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
24648:
24647:
24636:
24633:
24631:
24628:
24626:
24623:
24621:
24618:
24617:
24615:
24608:
24598:
24597:
24588:
24586:
24585:
24581:
24576:
24575:
24572:
24566:
24563:
24561:
24558:
24556:
24553:
24551:
24548:
24546:
24543:
24541:
24538:
24536:
24533:
24529:
24526:
24525:
24524:
24521:
24519:
24516:
24514:
24511:
24507:
24504:
24503:
24502:
24499:
24497:
24494:
24492:
24489:
24487:
24484:
24482:
24479:
24477:
24474:
24472:
24469:
24467:
24464:
24462:
24459:
24455:
24452:
24451:
24450:
24447:
24445:
24444:Love and Lust
24442:
24440:
24437:
24435:
24432:
24430:
24427:
24425:
24422:
24420:
24417:
24415:
24412:
24410:
24407:
24405:
24402:
24400:
24397:
24395:
24392:
24390:
24389:Fate and Time
24387:
24385:
24382:
24380:
24377:
24375:
24372:
24370:
24367:
24365:
24362:
24360:
24357:
24355:
24352:
24350:
24347:
24346:
24344:
24342:
24338:
24332:
24329:
24327:
24324:
24322:
24319:
24317:
24314:
24312:
24309:
24307:
24304:
24302:
24299:
24297:
24294:
24292:
24289:
24287:
24284:
24282:
24279:
24277:
24274:
24272:
24269:
24265:
24262:
24261:
24260:
24257:
24255:
24252:
24250:
24247:
24245:
24242:
24240:
24237:
24235:
24232:
24230:
24227:
24225:
24222:
24220:
24217:
24215:
24212:
24210:
24207:
24205:
24202:
24200:
24197:
24195:
24192:
24190:
24187:
24185:
24182:
24180:
24177:
24175:
24172:
24170:
24167:
24165:
24162:
24156:
24153:
24152:
24151:
24148:
24144:
24141:
24140:
24139:
24136:
24132:
24129:
24127:
24124:
24123:
24122:
24119:
24115:
24112:
24110:
24107:
24106:
24105:
24102:
24101:
24100:
24097:
24095:
24092:
24090:
24087:
24085:
24084:Haudenosaunee
24082:
24080:
24077:
24073:
24070:
24069:
24068:
24065:
24061:
24058:
24057:
24056:
24053:
24051:
24048:
24046:
24043:
24041:
24038:
24036:
24033:
24031:
24028:
24024:
24021:
24019:
24016:
24015:
24014:
24011:
24009:
24006:
24004:
24001:
23999:
23996:
23992:
23989:
23988:
23987:
23984:
23982:
23979:
23977:
23974:
23972:
23969:
23967:
23964:
23962:
23959:
23957:
23954:
23952:
23949:
23947:
23944:
23942:
23939:
23937:
23934:
23932:
23929:
23928:
23926:
23924:
23920:
23916:
23909:
23904:
23902:
23897:
23895:
23890:
23889:
23886:
23877:
23873:
23869:
23863:
23859:
23855:
23851:
23846:
23843:
23837:
23833:
23832:
23826:
23823:
23817:
23813:
23812:
23806:
23803:
23797:
23793:
23792:
23786:
23775:
23771:
23767:
23763:
23757:
23753:
23752:
23746:
23735:
23731:
23727:
23723:
23717:
23713:
23712:
23706:
23695:
23691:
23685:
23681:
23677:
23673:
23669:
23664:
23653:
23649:
23643:
23639:
23635:
23630:
23626:
23620:
23606:
23602:
23598:
23597:Archived copy
23594:
23589:
23585:
23579:
23565:
23561:
23557:
23556:Archived copy
23553:
23548:
23544:
23538:
23524:
23520:
23516:
23515:Archived copy
23512:
23511:"Nin-ĝišzida"
23507:
23503:
23497:
23483:
23479:
23475:
23474:Archived copy
23471:
23466:
23455:
23451:
23447:
23443:
23437:
23433:
23432:
23426:
23422:
23416:
23402:
23398:
23394:
23393:Archived copy
23390:
23385:
23374:
23370:
23366:
23362:
23358:
23354:
23350:
23346:
23342:
23338:
23333:
23329:
23323:
23319:
23314:
23303:
23299:
23295:
23290:
23279:
23275:
23271:
23267:
23263:
23259:
23255:
23251:
23247:
23243:
23238:
23228:
23224:
23219:
23214:
23210:
23206:
23201:
23191:
23185:
23181:
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23139:
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23130:
23126:
23122:
23120:90-6831-727-X
23116:
23112:
23107:
23103:
23097:
23083:
23080:(in French),
23079:
23075:
23074:Archived copy
23071:
23066:
23062:
23056:
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23047:
23036:
23032:
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23024:
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23016:
23013:(in German).
23012:
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22993:
22979:
22976:(in German),
22975:
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22970:Archived copy
22967:
22962:
22958:
22952:
22938:
22935:(in German),
22934:
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22929:Archived copy
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22882:
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22802:
22798:
22792:
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22779:
22773:
22769:
22763:
22749:
22745:
22741:
22740:Archived copy
22737:
22732:
22722:
22718:
22714:
22710:
22706:
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22670:
22666:
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22648:
22644:
22639:
22628:
22624:
22620:
22616:
22614:1-883053-68-4
22610:
22606:
22602:
22597:
22586:
22582:
22578:
22574:
22568:
22564:
22563:
22557:
22553:
22547:
22533:
22530:(in German),
22529:
22525:
22524:Archived copy
22521:
22516:
22505:
22501:
22497:
22493:
22489:
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22407:
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22393:
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22388:
22382:
22379:
22373:
22369:
22368:
22362:
22358:
22352:
22338:
22334:
22330:
22329:Archived copy
22326:
22321:
22318:
22312:
22308:
22307:
22302:
22298:
22294:
22290:
22286:
22280:
22276:
22271:
22268:
22264:
22260:
22256:
22251:
22241:
22237:
22233:
22228:
22224:
22220:
22215:
22205:
22201:
22195:
22191:
22190:
22184:
22180:
22176:
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22168:
22163:
22152:
22148:
22144:
22140:
22136:
22132:
22128:
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22120:
22116:
22112:
22108:
22103:
22092:
22088:
22084:
22080:
22074:
22070:
22066:
22061:
22057:
22051:
22037:
22033:
22029:
22028:Archived copy
22025:
22020:
22009:
22005:
22001:
21997:
21991:
21987:
21983:
21978:
21967:
21963:
21959:
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21949:
21945:
21941:
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21921:
21917:
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21873:
21869:
21865:
21861:
21857:
21853:
21848:
21837:
21833:
21829:
21825:
21819:
21815:
21814:
21808:
21797:
21793:
21789:
21785:
21781:
21777:
21773:
21769:
21764:
21761:
21757:
21753:
21749:
21745:
21741:
21736:
21735:10.1.1.694.36
21731:
21727:
21723:
21718:
21708:
21704:
21698:
21694:
21693:
21687:
21683:
21677:
21673:
21668:
21665:
21659:
21655:
21654:
21648:
21637:
21633:
21629:
21625:
21620:
21616:
21612:
21608:
21602:
21598:
21593:
21579:
21575:
21573:9781575063553
21569:
21565:
21561:
21557:
21553:
21546:
21541:
21538:
21532:
21528:
21527:
21522:
21518:
21514:
21508:
21494:
21490:
21486:
21485:Archived copy
21482:
21477:
21473:
21467:
21453:
21449:
21445:
21444:Archived copy
21441:
21436:
21425:
21421:
21417:
21413:
21409:
21405:
21401:
21396:
21393:
21387:
21383:
21382:
21376:
21366:
21362:
21356:
21352:
21351:
21345:
21334:
21330:
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21324:
21319:
21305:
21301:
21297:
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21279:
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21263:
21252:
21248:
21244:
21240:
21234:
21230:
21229:
21223:
21213:on 1 May 2018
21212:
21208:
21204:
21199:
21196:
21190:
21186:
21185:
21179:
21169:
21165:
21159:
21155:
21154:
21148:
21144:
21138:
21124:
21121:(in German),
21120:
21116:
21115:Archived copy
21112:
21107:
21104:
21098:
21094:
21093:
21087:
21083:
21079:
21075:
21069:
21065:
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21048:
21044:
21040:
21036:
21030:
21026:
21025:
21019:
21015:
21009:
20995:
20991:
20987:
20986:Archived copy
20983:
20978:
20974:
20968:
20954:
20950:
20946:
20945:Archived copy
20942:
20937:
20933:
20927:
20913:
20909:
20905:
20904:Archived copy
20901:
20896:
20885:
20881:
20877:
20873:
20869:
20865:
20861:
20857:
20853:
20849:
20845:
20841:
20836:
20832:
20826:
20812:
20808:
20804:
20803:Archived copy
20800:
20795:
20791:
20785:
20771:
20767:
20763:
20762:Archived copy
20759:
20754:
20750:
20744:
20730:
20726:
20722:
20721:Archived copy
20718:
20713:
20702:
20698:
20694:
20690:
20684:
20680:
20676:
20671:
20667:
20661:
20647:
20644:(in German),
20643:
20639:
20638:Archived copy
20635:
20630:
20626:
20620:
20606:
20603:(in German),
20602:
20598:
20597:Archived copy
20594:
20589:
20585:
20579:
20565:
20562:(in German),
20561:
20557:
20556:Archived copy
20553:
20548:
20534:
20530:
20526:
20522:
20520:3-447-04659-7
20516:
20512:
20505:
20500:
20496:
20490:
20476:
20473:(in German),
20472:
20468:
20467:Archived copy
20464:
20459:
20455:
20449:
20435:
20432:(in German),
20431:
20427:
20426:Archived copy
20423:
20418:
20414:
20408:
20394:
20391:(in German),
20390:
20386:
20385:Archived copy
20382:
20377:
20373:
20367:
20353:
20350:(in German),
20349:
20345:
20344:Archived copy
20341:
20336:
20333:
20329:
20325:
20321:
20317:
20313:
20309:
20305:
20300:
20290:
20286:
20280:
20276:
20275:
20269:
20259:
20255:
20249:
20245:
20244:
20239:
20235:
20231:
20225:
20221:
20216:
20212:
20207:
20196:
20192:
20188:
20184:
20180:
20176:
20172:
20168:
20164:
20160:
20155:
20142:
20138:
20134:
20130:
20126:
20121:
20116:
20112:
20108:
20101:
20096:
20093:
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20082:
20076:
20072:
20068:
20063:
20060:
20054:
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20049:
20043:
20033:
20029:
20023:
20019:
20018:
20013:
20009:
20005:
20001:
19997:
19991:
19987:
19982:
19971:
19967:
19965:9781575066394
19961:
19957:
19953:
19949:
19945:
19940:
19929:
19925:
19921:
19916:
19905:
19901:
19897:
19892:
19889:
19883:
19879:
19878:
19872:
19869:
19863:
19859:
19858:
19852:
19841:
19837:
19833:
19829:
19825:
19821:
19816:
19812:
19806:
19802:
19797:
19793:
19787:
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19769:
19765:
19764:Archived copy
19761:
19756:
19753:
19749:
19745:
19741:
19737:
19733:
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19725:
19720:
19717:
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19709:
19705:
19701:
19696:
19686:
19682:
19676:
19672:
19671:
19665:
19654:
19650:
19646:
19642:
19640:0-19-814922-0
19636:
19632:
19631:
19625:
19622:
19616:
19612:
19608:
19603:
19599:
19595:
19591:
19589:0-931464-80-3
19585:
19581:
19576:
19565:
19561:
19555:
19551:
19550:
19544:
19540:
19536:
19532:
19526:
19522:
19517:
19514:
19508:
19504:
19503:
19497:
19493:
19489:
19485:
19483:1-883053-23-4
19479:
19475:
19470:
19467:
19461:
19457:
19456:
19450:
19446:
19442:
19438:
19436:90-04-13158-2
19432:
19428:
19427:
19421:
19417:
19411:
19397:
19393:
19389:
19388:Archived copy
19385:
19380:
19376:
19371:
19367:
19363:
19356:
19351:
19347:
19341:
19327:
19323:
19319:
19318:Archived copy
19315:
19310:
19306:
19300:
19286:
19282:
19278:
19277:Archived copy
19274:
19269:
19265:
19259:
19255:
19250:
19246:
19242:
19238:
19232:
19228:
19223:
19220:
19214:
19210:
19209:
19203:
19199:
19195:
19191:
19187:
19183:
19179:
19172:
19167:
19163:
19159:
19155:
19149:
19145:
19140:
19137:
19131:
19127:
19126:
19120:
19110:
19106:
19100:
19096:
19095:
19090:
19086:
19082:
19078:
19074:
19070:
19066:
19062:
19057:
19047:
19043:
19037:
19033:
19032:
19027:
19023:
19020:
19014:
19010:
19009:
19003:
18999:
18995:
18991:
18989:1-883053-00-5
18985:
18981:
18976:
18972:
18966:
18962:
18957:
18954:
18948:
18944:
18943:
18937:
18934:
18928:
18924:
18923:
18917:
18913:
18907:
18893:
18890:(in German),
18889:
18885:
18884:Archived copy
18881:
18880:"Nin-gublaga"
18876:
18872:
18866:
18852:
18849:(in German),
18848:
18844:
18843:Archived copy
18840:
18835:
18831:
18825:
18811:
18808:(in German),
18807:
18803:
18802:Archived copy
18799:
18794:
18791:
18785:
18781:
18780:
18775:
18771:
18768:
18764:
18761:(2): 95–145,
18760:
18756:
18751:
18747:
18741:
18727:
18723:
18719:
18718:Archived copy
18715:
18710:
18699:
18695:
18691:
18686:
18682:
18676:
18672:
18667:
18664:
18658:
18654:
18650:
18645:
18642:
18636:
18632:
18627:
18617:
18611:
18607:
18606:
18600:
18597:
18591:
18587:
18583:
18578:
18574:
18568:
18554:
18550:
18546:
18545:Archived copy
18542:
18537:
18533:
18529:
18524:
18523:2027.42/77419
18519:
18515:
18511:
18507:
18503:
18498:
18487:
18483:
18479:
18475:
18471:
18467:
18463:
18459:
18455:
18451:
18447:
18443:
18438:
18427:
18423:
18419:
18414:
18410:
18406:
18402:
18396:
18392:
18387:
18376:
18372:
18368:
18364:
18359:
18356:
18352:
18348:
18342:
18338:
18334:
18329:
18325:
18319:
18305:
18301:
18297:
18296:Archived copy
18293:
18288:
18284:
18282:9781139136952
18278:
18274:
18270:
18266:
18261:
18258:
18252:
18248:
18247:
18241:
18227:
18223:
18217:
18210:
18209:
18203:
18200:
18194:
18190:
18185:
18174:
18170:
18166:
18162:
18158:
18154:
18150:
18146:
18141:
18137:
18131:
18127:
18123:
18119:
18114:
18103:
18099:
18095:
18091:
18085:
18081:
18077:
18072:
18061:
18057:
18053:
18049:
18045:
18041:
18037:
18033:
18029:
18025:
18021:
18017:
18012:
18001:
17997:
17993:
17989:
17985:
17981:
17977:
17973:
17968:
17957:
17953:
17949:
17945:
17941:
17937:
17933:
17929:
17924:
17921:
17915:
17911:
17910:
17904:
17893:
17889:
17885:
17881:
17875:
17871:
17867:
17862:
17858:
17854:
17850:
17846:
17842:
17838:
17833:
17823:
17819:
17813:
17809:
17808:
17802:
17799:
17793:
17789:
17788:
17782:
17781:
17769:
17764:
17757:
17752:
17745:
17740:
17733:
17728:
17721:
17716:
17709:
17704:
17702:
17695:, p. 15.
17694:
17689:
17687:
17679:
17674:
17672:
17664:
17659:
17657:
17649:
17644:
17638:, p. 64.
17637:
17632:
17626:, p. 55.
17625:
17620:
17614:, p. 37.
17613:
17608:
17601:
17596:
17589:
17584:
17582:
17574:
17569:
17567:
17565:
17558:, p. 43.
17557:
17552:
17545:
17540:
17533:
17528:
17521:
17516:
17510:, p. 90.
17509:
17504:
17497:
17496:Sharlach 2002
17492:
17485:
17480:
17473:
17468:
17461:
17456:
17449:
17444:
17437:
17432:
17425:
17424:Schwemer 2001
17420:
17413:
17408:
17402:, p. 25.
17401:
17396:
17389:
17384:
17378:, p. 93.
17377:
17372:
17366:, p. 52.
17365:
17360:
17353:
17352:Lambert 1987a
17348:
17346:
17344:
17336:
17331:
17325:, p. 12.
17324:
17319:
17312:
17307:
17305:
17298:, p. 52.
17297:
17292:
17290:
17288:
17286:
17278:
17273:
17271:
17269:
17262:, p. 17.
17261:
17256:
17249:
17244:
17238:, p. 14.
17237:
17232:
17226:, p. 16.
17225:
17220:
17214:, p. 63.
17213:
17208:
17202:, p. 94.
17201:
17196:
17194:
17192:
17185:, p. 66.
17184:
17179:
17177:
17175:
17173:
17171:
17169:
17167:
17165:
17157:
17152:
17146:, p. 60.
17145:
17140:
17133:
17128:
17121:
17120:Brinkman 1980
17116:
17109:
17108:Sharlach 2002
17104:
17102:
17094:
17093:Sharlach 2002
17089:
17087:
17079:
17074:
17067:
17062:
17055:
17050:
17043:
17038:
17031:
17026:
17019:
17014:
17007:
17002:
16996:, p. 57.
16995:
16990:
16983:
16978:
16976:
16968:
16963:
16961:
16959:
16951:
16946:
16939:
16938:Sharlach 2002
16934:
16932:
16924:
16919:
16913:, p. 98.
16912:
16907:
16900:
16895:
16888:
16883:
16881:
16873:
16868:
16866:
16858:
16853:
16847:, p. 95.
16846:
16845:Sharlach 2002
16841:
16834:
16829:
16823:, p. 42.
16822:
16817:
16815:
16808:, p. 41.
16807:
16802:
16800:
16792:
16787:
16780:
16775:
16768:
16767:Sharlach 2002
16763:
16761:
16753:
16752:Sharlach 2002
16748:
16746:
16744:
16742:
16734:
16733:Sharlach 2002
16729:
16722:
16717:
16710:
16705:
16698:
16697:Sharlach 2002
16693:
16686:
16681:
16674:
16669:
16662:
16661:Drijvers 1980
16657:
16650:
16645:
16638:
16633:
16626:
16621:
16614:
16609:
16602:
16597:
16590:
16585:
16578:
16573:
16566:
16561:
16554:
16549:
16547:
16539:
16534:
16528:, p. 87.
16527:
16522:
16516:, p. 21.
16515:
16510:
16503:
16498:
16491:
16486:
16484:
16476:
16471:
16464:
16463:Beaulieu 2014
16459:
16452:
16451:Erickson 2011
16447:
16441:, p. 46.
16440:
16435:
16428:
16423:
16416:
16411:
16404:
16399:
16392:
16388:
16385:
16384:
16378:
16371:
16366:
16359:
16358:Sharlach 2002
16354:
16352:
16344:
16343:Sharlach 2007
16339:
16333:, p. 99.
16332:
16331:Sharlach 2002
16327:
16325:
16323:
16321:
16319:
16311:
16306:
16299:
16294:
16292:
16284:
16279:
16277:
16269:
16264:
16262:
16254:
16249:
16247:
16239:
16234:
16232:
16224:
16219:
16217:
16209:
16204:
16202:
16194:
16189:
16182:
16177:
16175:
16173:
16171:
16163:
16158:
16151:
16146:
16139:
16134:
16132:
16124:
16119:
16117:
16115:
16113:
16111:
16109:
16101:
16096:
16089:
16084:
16077:
16072:
16070:
16068:
16066:
16064:
16056:
16051:
16044:
16039:
16037:
16029:
16024:
16017:
16012:
16010:
16008:
16006:
16004:
15996:
15991:
15984:
15979:
15972:
15967:
15960:
15955:
15953:
15945:
15940:
15938:
15930:
15925:
15923:
15921:
15919:
15917:
15909:
15904:
15902:
15900:
15898:
15890:
15889:Beaulieu 2003
15885:
15883:
15875:
15870:
15863:
15858:
15856:
15848:
15843:
15836:
15831:
15824:
15819:
15817:
15815:
15813:
15805:
15800:
15798:
15796:
15794:
15787:, p. 49.
15786:
15781:
15779:
15777:
15775:
15773:
15765:
15760:
15758:
15750:
15745:
15743:
15741:
15739:
15731:
15726:
15719:
15714:
15708:, p. 74.
15707:
15702:
15700:
15698:
15696:
15694:
15686:
15681:
15679:
15671:
15666:
15664:
15656:
15651:
15649:
15641:
15636:
15629:
15624:
15622:
15620:
15618:
15616:
15614:
15612:
15604:
15603:Schwemer 2008
15599:
15592:
15587:
15580:
15575:
15568:
15567:Schwemer 2008
15563:
15556:
15551:
15544:
15543:Jacobsen 1987
15539:
15537:
15535:
15533:
15531:
15523:
15518:
15516:
15514:
15512:
15510:
15502:
15501:Schwemer 2001
15497:
15490:
15489:Beaulieu 2003
15485:
15478:
15477:Beaulieu 2003
15473:
15466:
15461:
15454:
15449:
15442:
15437:
15430:
15425:
15418:
15413:
15406:
15401:
15399:
15397:
15395:
15393:
15391:
15389:
15387:
15379:
15374:
15372:
15364:
15359:
15357:
15349:
15344:
15342:
15340:
15332:
15327:
15320:
15315:
15313:
15305:
15304:Ackerman 2005
15300:
15298:
15290:
15285:
15283:
15281:
15279:
15271:
15266:
15259:
15254:
15247:
15242:
15240:
15238:
15236:
15228:
15223:
15221:
15213:
15212:Schwemer 2001
15208:
15201:
15200:Schwemer 2001
15196:
15194:
15186:
15185:Schwemer 2001
15181:
15175:, p. 54.
15174:
15173:Peterson 2009
15169:
15163:, p. 54.
15162:
15157:
15155:
15153:
15145:
15140:
15138:
15131:, p. 38.
15130:
15125:
15123:
15115:
15110:
15103:
15098:
15091:
15086:
15080:, p. 71.
15079:
15074:
15072:
15064:
15059:
15052:
15047:
15045:
15043:
15035:
15030:
15024:, p. 85.
15023:
15018:
15012:, p. 57.
15011:
15006:
15004:
14996:
14991:
14984:
14983:Peterson 2009
14979:
14977:
14975:
14967:
14966:Peterson 2009
14962:
14955:
14950:
14948:
14940:
14939:Peterson 2014
14935:
14928:
14923:
14921:
14919:
14917:
14915:
14913:
14911:
14909:
14907:
14905:
14903:
14901:
14899:
14897:
14889:
14884:
14877:
14872:
14870:
14868:
14860:
14855:
14853:
14851:
14849:
14842:, p. 27.
14841:
14836:
14834:
14832:
14825:, p. 86.
14824:
14819:
14817:
14815:
14807:
14806:Stephens 2016
14802:
14800:
14798:
14796:
14794:
14787:, p. 24.
14786:
14781:
14774:
14769:
14767:
14760:, p. 90.
14759:
14754:
14752:
14744:
14739:
14732:
14727:
14725:
14717:
14712:
14710:
14702:
14697:
14691:, p. 55.
14690:
14685:
14683:
14676:, p. 90.
14675:
14670:
14664:, p. 52.
14663:
14658:
14651:
14646:
14640:, p. 84.
14639:
14634:
14628:, p. 72.
14627:
14622:
14616:, p. 36.
14615:
14610:
14603:
14598:
14596:
14588:
14583:
14581:
14573:
14568:
14566:
14564:
14556:
14551:
14549:
14547:
14539:
14534:
14532:
14525:, p. 41.
14524:
14523:Marchesi 2006
14519:
14512:
14507:
14505:
14503:
14495:
14490:
14484:, p. 86.
14483:
14478:
14472:, p. 28.
14471:
14466:
14459:
14454:
14447:
14442:
14440:
14438:
14430:
14425:
14419:, p. 54.
14418:
14413:
14411:
14409:
14402:, p. 30.
14401:
14396:
14389:
14384:
14382:
14380:
14378:
14376:
14374:
14367:, p. 96.
14366:
14361:
14354:
14349:
14342:
14337:
14335:
14333:
14331:
14323:
14318:
14311:
14306:
14304:
14302:
14294:
14289:
14287:
14279:
14274:
14272:
14270:
14268:
14260:
14255:
14249:, p. 49.
14248:
14243:
14241:
14233:
14228:
14221:
14216:
14214:
14212:
14210:
14208:
14200:
14195:
14193:
14185:
14180:
14178:
14170:
14165:
14158:
14153:
14151:
14149:
14141:
14136:
14134:
14132:
14124:
14119:
14117:
14115:
14107:
14102:
14095:
14090:
14084:, p. 93.
14083:
14078:
14071:
14066:
14064:
14062:
14054:
14049:
14047:
14039:
14038:Schwemer 2007
14034:
14032:
14030:
14028:
14026:
14018:
14013:
14006:
14001:
13999:
13991:
13986:
13979:
13974:
13967:
13962:
13960:
13958:
13950:
13945:
13943:
13935:
13930:
13928:
13926:
13924:
13916:
13911:
13904:
13899:
13897:
13889:
13884:
13877:
13872:
13870:
13868:
13866:
13859:, p. 87.
13858:
13853:
13851:
13849:
13841:
13836:
13830:, p. 58.
13829:
13828:Marchesi 2006
13824:
13822:
13820:
13818:
13816:
13808:
13803:
13797:, p. 59.
13796:
13795:Marchesi 2006
13791:
13789:
13781:
13776:
13774:
13772:
13764:
13759:
13757:
13755:
13753:
13751:
13749:
13747:
13745:
13743:
13741:
13739:
13737:
13735:
13733:
13725:
13720:
13713:
13708:
13706:
13704:
13702:
13700:
13692:
13687:
13685:
13683:
13681:
13679:
13677:
13675:
13673:
13671:
13669:
13667:
13659:
13654:
13647:
13642:
13635:
13630:
13624:, p. 18.
13623:
13618:
13616:
13614:
13612:
13604:
13603:Lambert 1983b
13599:
13597:
13595:
13587:
13586:Lambert 1983b
13582:
13580:
13572:
13567:
13560:
13555:
13553:
13551:
13549:
13547:
13545:
13543:
13535:
13530:
13528:
13526:
13518:
13513:
13506:
13501:
13499:
13497:
13495:
13488:, p. 27.
13487:
13482:
13480:
13472:
13467:
13465:
13463:
13455:
13450:
13448:
13440:
13435:
13428:
13423:
13421:
13413:
13408:
13401:
13396:
13394:
13392:
13390:
13382:
13377:
13370:
13365:
13363:
13355:
13350:
13343:
13338:
13331:
13326:
13319:
13314:
13307:
13306:Beaulieu 2003
13302:
13295:
13294:Beaulieu 2003
13290:
13283:
13282:Beaulieu 2003
13278:
13276:
13268:
13267:Beaulieu 2003
13263:
13261:
13253:
13248:
13246:
13244:
13242:
13235:, p. 25.
13234:
13229:
13227:
13219:
13214:
13207:
13202:
13196:, p. 34.
13195:
13190:
13183:
13178:
13176:
13174:
13172:
13170:
13168:
13166:
13164:
13156:
13151:
13144:
13143:Lambert 1980a
13139:
13132:
13127:
13125:
13123:
13121:
13114:, p. 45.
13113:
13108:
13106:
13104:
13096:
13091:
13084:
13079:
13077:
13069:
13068:Lambert 1980a
13064:
13062:
13060:
13058:
13051:, p. 65.
13050:
13045:
13043:
13035:
13030:
13024:, p. 77.
13023:
13018:
13011:
13006:
13000:, p. 39.
12999:
12994:
12992:
12990:
12988:
12980:
12975:
12968:
12963:
12956:
12951:
12944:
12939:
12932:
12927:
12925:
12923:
12921:
12913:
12908:
12901:
12896:
12889:
12884:
12877:
12872:
12870:
12862:
12857:
12850:
12845:
12843:
12841:
12839:
12837:
12835:
12833:
12831:
12829:
12822:, p. 86.
12821:
12816:
12809:
12804:
12798:, p. 53.
12797:
12792:
12786:, p. 90.
12785:
12780:
12773:
12768:
12762:, p. 46.
12761:
12756:
12754:
12752:
12750:
12742:
12737:
12735:
12728:, p. 88.
12727:
12722:
12720:
12718:
12716:
12714:
12712:
12710:
12708:
12706:
12704:
12696:
12691:
12684:
12679:
12677:
12675:
12667:
12662:
12660:
12658:
12650:
12645:
12643:
12635:
12630:
12628:
12620:
12615:
12613:
12606:, p. 69.
12605:
12600:
12598:
12596:
12594:
12592:
12585:, p. 41.
12584:
12579:
12577:
12575:
12567:
12562:
12556:, p. 89.
12555:
12550:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12542:
12535:, p. 88.
12534:
12529:
12527:
12525:
12523:
12515:
12510:
12508:
12506:
12504:
12502:
12500:
12492:
12487:
12480:
12475:
12468:
12463:
12456:
12451:
12449:
12442:, p. 60.
12441:
12440:Marchesi 2006
12436:
12434:
12432:
12424:
12419:
12412:
12407:
12400:
12395:
12393:
12386:, p. 86.
12385:
12380:
12373:
12368:
12361:
12356:
12354:
12347:, p. 50.
12346:
12341:
12339:
12337:
12330:, p. 77.
12329:
12324:
12318:, p. 51.
12317:
12312:
12310:
12308:
12306:
12299:, p. 50.
12298:
12293:
12291:
12283:
12278:
12276:
12268:
12263:
12261:
12253:
12248:
12241:
12236:
12229:
12224:
12217:
12212:
12210:
12202:
12197:
12190:
12185:
12178:
12173:
12171:
12164:, p. 57.
12163:
12158:
12156:
12154:
12152:
12150:
12143:, p. 59.
12142:
12137:
12130:
12125:
12119:, p. 54.
12118:
12113:
12111:
12103:
12098:
12092:, p. 87.
12091:
12086:
12079:
12074:
12067:
12062:
12060:
12058:
12050:
12045:
12038:
12033:
12026:
12021:
12014:
12009:
12003:, p. 40.
12002:
11997:
11995:
11987:
11982:
11976:, p. 89.
11975:
11970:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11962:
11960:
11958:
11956:
11954:
11946:
11941:
11935:, p. 37.
11934:
11929:
11927:
11920:, p. 78.
11919:
11914:
11908:, p. 80.
11907:
11902:
11895:
11890:
11888:
11886:
11878:
11873:
11866:
11861:
11854:
11849:
11847:
11845:
11843:
11841:
11839:
11837:
11829:
11824:
11817:
11812:
11810:
11808:
11806:
11804:
11802:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11794:
11792:
11790:
11788:
11786:
11779:, p. 68.
11778:
11773:
11766:
11761:
11754:
11749:
11743:, p. 85.
11742:
11741:Schwemer 2001
11737:
11730:
11725:
11723:
11721:
11719:
11717:
11715:
11713:
11706:, p. 36.
11705:
11700:
11698:
11696:
11694:
11692:
11690:
11682:
11677:
11675:
11667:
11662:
11660:
11652:
11647:
11640:
11635:
11633:
11631:
11623:
11618:
11611:
11606:
11600:, p. 71.
11599:
11594:
11592:
11584:
11579:
11572:
11567:
11560:
11555:
11548:
11543:
11536:
11531:
11529:
11521:
11516:
11509:
11504:
11502:
11495:, p. 79.
11494:
11489:
11483:, p. 72.
11482:
11477:
11471:, p. 52.
11470:
11469:Jacobsen 1987
11465:
11458:
11453:
11451:
11449:
11441:
11436:
11430:, p. 65.
11429:
11428:Beaulieu 1992
11424:
11422:
11420:
11413:, p. 64.
11412:
11411:Beaulieu 1992
11407:
11400:
11395:
11388:
11383:
11376:
11371:
11364:
11359:
11357:
11355:
11348:, p. 35.
11347:
11342:
11340:
11332:
11327:
11325:
11323:
11321:
11319:
11317:
11315:
11307:
11302:
11295:
11290:
11288:
11280:
11275:
11268:
11263:
11256:
11251:
11244:
11239:
11237:
11235:
11227:
11222:
11215:
11210:
11203:
11198:
11196:
11188:
11183:
11176:
11171:
11164:
11159:
11152:
11147:
11140:
11135:
11128:
11123:
11121:
11113:
11108:
11101:
11096:
11089:
11084:
11077:
11072:
11065:
11060:
11053:
11048:
11041:
11036:
11029:
11024:
11017:
11012:
11010:
11008:
11006:
10998:
10993:
10991:
10984:, p. 27.
10983:
10978:
10976:
10974:
10966:
10961:
10959:
10951:
10946:
10939:
10938:Horowitz 1998
10934:
10932:
10924:
10923:Horowitz 1998
10919:
10912:
10911:Horowitz 1998
10907:
10900:
10899:Horowitz 1998
10895:
10893:
10891:
10883:
10878:
10876:
10868:
10863:
10856:
10855:Horowitz 1998
10851:
10844:
10839:
10832:
10827:
10820:
10815:
10808:
10803:
10796:
10791:
10789:
10787:
10785:
10783:
10775:
10770:
10763:
10758:
10756:
10754:
10746:
10741:
10734:
10729:
10722:
10717:
10715:
10713:
10711:
10709:
10707:
10699:
10694:
10692:
10690:
10682:
10677:
10675:
10673:
10665:
10660:
10653:
10648:
10641:
10636:
10629:
10624:
10617:
10612:
10605:
10600:
10594:, p. 23.
10593:
10588:
10581:
10576:
10570:, p. 94.
10569:
10564:
10562:
10560:
10558:
10556:
10548:
10543:
10541:
10539:
10531:
10526:
10524:
10522:
10514:
10509:
10503:, p. 67.
10502:
10497:
10495:
10487:
10482:
10475:
10470:
10468:
10460:
10455:
10448:
10443:
10441:
10439:
10431:
10426:
10420:, p. 47.
10419:
10414:
10407:
10402:
10395:
10390:
10388:
10381:, p. 35.
10380:
10375:
10373:
10371:
10369:
10367:
10359:
10354:
10347:
10342:
10335:
10330:
10323:
10318:
10312:, p. 40.
10311:
10306:
10299:
10294:
10287:
10282:
10276:, p. 38.
10275:
10274:Peterson 2016
10270:
10268:
10260:
10255:
10248:
10243:
10236:
10231:
10224:
10219:
10212:
10207:
10200:
10195:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10187:
10180:, p. 48.
10179:
10174:
10172:
10165:, p. 43.
10164:
10159:
10153:, p. 86.
10152:
10147:
10145:
10138:, p. 42.
10137:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10117:, p. 44.
10116:
10111:
10109:
10107:
10105:
10103:
10095:
10094:Schwemer 2007
10090:
10083:
10082:Schwemer 2007
10078:
10071:
10070:Schwemer 2007
10066:
10064:
10062:
10054:
10053:Schwemer 2007
10049:
10042:
10041:Schwemer 2007
10037:
10030:
10029:Schwemer 2007
10025:
10018:
10017:Schwemer 2007
10013:
10006:
10005:Schwemer 2007
10001:
9994:
9993:Schwemer 2007
9989:
9987:
9979:
9978:Schwemer 2007
9974:
9967:
9966:Schwemer 2007
9962:
9955:
9954:Schwemer 2007
9950:
9948:
9940:
9939:Schwemer 2007
9935:
9933:
9931:
9923:
9922:Schwemer 2007
9918:
9916:
9914:
9906:
9901:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9889:
9887:
9885:
9883:
9881:
9879:
9877:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9869:
9861:
9860:Schwemer 2007
9856:
9854:
9846:
9841:
9839:
9837:
9835:
9833:
9831:
9829:
9822:, p. 77.
9821:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9804:
9796:
9791:
9789:
9787:
9785:
9778:, p. 78.
9777:
9772:
9770:
9762:
9757:
9751:, p. 66.
9750:
9745:
9743:
9735:
9730:
9728:
9720:
9715:
9708:
9703:
9697:, p. 19.
9696:
9691:
9689:
9687:
9685:
9678:, p. 84.
9677:
9672:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9658:
9653:
9651:
9643:
9638:
9632:, p. 67.
9631:
9626:
9624:
9616:
9611:
9605:, p. 82.
9604:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9593:
9591:
9583:
9578:
9576:
9574:
9566:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9555:
9548:, p. 24.
9547:
9542:
9536:, p. 55.
9535:
9530:
9528:
9520:
9515:
9513:
9511:
9504:, p. 77.
9503:
9498:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9478:
9471:, p. 34.
9470:
9465:
9463:
9455:
9454:Jacobsen 2008
9450:
9448:
9441:, p. 73.
9440:
9435:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9427:
9425:
9417:
9416:Jacobsen 2008
9412:
9405:
9404:Jacobsen 2008
9400:
9393:
9392:Jacobsen 2008
9388:
9381:
9380:Ackerman 2006
9376:
9374:
9372:
9364:
9359:
9353:, p. 72.
9352:
9347:
9345:
9343:
9341:
9339:
9332:, p. 28.
9331:
9326:
9319:
9314:
9312:
9310:
9308:
9301:, p. 27.
9300:
9295:
9288:
9283:
9276:
9271:
9265:, p. 43.
9264:
9263:Penglase 1994
9259:
9252:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9241:
9239:
9237:
9235:
9227:
9222:
9215:
9210:
9203:
9198:
9191:
9186:
9179:
9174:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9164:
9162:
9154:
9149:
9142:
9137:
9131:, p. 59.
9130:
9125:
9119:, p. 59.
9118:
9113:
9111:
9109:
9101:
9096:
9089:
9084:
9078:, p. 42.
9077:
9072:
9066:, p. 61.
9065:
9060:
9058:
9056:
9054:
9052:
9050:
9048:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9040:
9032:
9027:
9021:, p. 58.
9020:
9015:
9013:
9011:
9009:
9007:
8999:
8994:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8978:
8976:
8968:
8963:
8956:
8951:
8944:
8939:
8937:
8929:
8924:
8922:
8914:
8909:
8907:
8899:
8894:
8892:
8884:
8879:
8872:
8867:
8860:
8855:
8848:
8843:
8836:
8831:
8829:
8822:, p. 87.
8821:
8816:
8814:
8806:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8785:
8780:
8778:
8770:
8765:
8763:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8741:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8718:
8717:Peterson 2011
8713:
8706:
8701:
8699:
8692:, p. 23.
8691:
8690:Pomponio 1998
8686:
8684:
8677:, p. 18.
8676:
8675:Pomponio 1998
8671:
8669:
8662:, p. 22.
8661:
8660:Pomponio 1998
8656:
8650:, p. 20.
8649:
8648:Pomponio 1998
8644:
8642:
8640:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8626:
8621:
8619:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8609:
8607:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8599:
8591:
8586:
8579:
8574:
8568:, p. 38.
8567:
8562:
8556:, p. 82.
8555:
8554:Lambert 1983a
8550:
8548:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8538:
8530:
8529:Lambert 1983a
8525:
8519:, p. 83.
8518:
8517:Lambert 1983a
8513:
8507:, p. 37.
8506:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8495:
8488:, p. 20.
8487:
8482:
8475:
8470:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8462:
8453:
8449:
8442:
8436:, p. 75.
8435:
8430:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8410:
8408:
8406:
8404:
8396:
8391:
8389:
8381:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8365:, p. 59.
8364:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8343:
8338:
8331:
8326:
8319:
8314:
8307:
8302:
8300:
8292:
8287:
8281:, p. 76.
8280:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8259:
8254:
8252:
8245:, p. 78.
8244:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8227:
8222:
8215:
8210:
8204:, p. 58.
8203:
8198:
8191:
8190:Stephens 2013
8186:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8178:
8176:
8168:
8163:
8161:
8153:
8148:
8141:
8136:
8129:
8124:
8118:, p. 13.
8117:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8100:
8095:
8093:
8086:, p. 30.
8085:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8064:
8057:, p. 92.
8056:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8035:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8018:
8013:
8011:
8009:
8007:
8005:
8003:
8001:
7999:
7997:
7989:
7984:
7977:
7972:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7954:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7937:
7929:
7924:
7917:
7912:
7905:
7900:
7893:
7888:
7881:
7876:
7869:
7864:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7840:
7839:Schwemer 2007
7835:
7833:
7825:
7820:
7813:
7808:
7806:
7798:
7797:Peterson 2011
7793:
7791:
7784:, p. 65.
7783:
7778:
7772:, p. 27.
7771:
7766:
7759:
7754:
7747:
7742:
7735:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7718:
7713:
7706:
7701:
7694:
7689:
7683:, p. 34.
7682:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7661:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7644:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7621:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7606:
7598:
7593:
7586:
7581:
7579:
7571:
7566:
7559:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7534:
7532:
7524:
7519:
7513:, p. 53.
7512:
7507:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7492:, p. 54.
7491:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7475:, p. 52.
7474:
7469:
7467:
7459:
7454:
7452:
7444:
7439:
7432:
7427:
7420:
7415:
7413:
7405:
7400:
7398:
7391:, p. 94.
7390:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7371:
7366:
7359:
7354:
7352:
7345:, p. 98.
7344:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7325:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7308:
7303:
7301:
7293:
7288:
7282:, p. 93.
7281:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7264:
7259:
7255:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7202:Second Isaiah
7199:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7012:
7008:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6971:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6895:
6891:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6870:
6865:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6836:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6709:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6536:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6511:
6506:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6447:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6324:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6259:
6256:
6251:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6199:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6177:According to
6176:
6173:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6010:
6005:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5959:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5880:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5858:Sennacherib's
5854:
5851:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5781:
5776:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5660:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5456:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4995:Ṣupur-Šubula
4994:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:Puzrish-Dagan
4474:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:Belet Ekallim
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3628:Nēmed-Laguda
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3610:earth goddess
3607:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3525:Umma, Lagash
3524:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2478:Ḫursaĝkalama
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:composed the
2411:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2019:
2014:Minor deities
2006:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:Enlil and Sud
1567:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:Sennacherib's
1534:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:
980:
976:
972:
969:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
939:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
812:
806:
802:
797:
795:
792:
790:
786:
782:
777:
773:
767:
763:
758:
754:
752:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
730:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
678:
675:
673:
669:
666:
661:
657:
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
624:
622:
619:
614:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
487:
484:
482:
478:
475:
470:
466:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:Northern sky
432:
430:
426:
423:
418:
414:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
380:
378:
374:
371:
366:
362:
356:
352:
335:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
217:Major deities
214:
212:
208:
204:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
163:
159:
154:
152:
151:
144:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Mesopotamians
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
25:
24:cylinder seal
20:
16:
24607:
24589:
24577:
24486:Resurrection
24239:Mesopotamian
24238:
23923:By geography
23849:
23830:
23810:
23790:
23778:. Retrieved
23751:The Hurrians
23750:
23738:. Retrieved
23710:
23698:. Retrieved
23671:
23656:. Retrieved
23637:
23609:, retrieved
23600:
23596:
23568:, retrieved
23559:
23555:
23527:, retrieved
23518:
23514:
23486:, retrieved
23477:
23473:
23458:. Retrieved
23430:
23405:, retrieved
23396:
23392:
23377:. Retrieved
23344:
23340:
23317:
23306:, retrieved
23297:
23282:. Retrieved
23249:
23245:
23230:. Retrieved
23208:
23193:. Retrieved
23178:
23164:, retrieved
23145:
23141:
23110:
23086:, retrieved
23077:
23073:
23050:
23039:. Retrieved
23014:
23010:
22982:, retrieved
22973:
22969:
22941:, retrieved
22932:
22928:
22913:, retrieved
22904:
22889:, retrieved
22880:
22865:. Retrieved
22824:
22820:
22805:. Retrieved
22777:
22752:, retrieved
22743:
22739:
22725:, retrieved
22692:
22688:
22673:. Retrieved
22646:
22631:. Retrieved
22604:
22589:. Retrieved
22561:
22536:, retrieved
22527:
22523:
22508:. Retrieved
22483:
22479:
22464:. Retrieved
22436:
22432:
22414:. Retrieved
22386:
22366:
22341:, retrieved
22332:
22328:
22305:
22274:
22258:
22254:
22244:, retrieved
22235:
22222:
22218:
22208:, retrieved
22188:
22170:
22166:
22155:. Retrieved
22114:
22110:
22095:. Retrieved
22068:
22040:, retrieved
22031:
22027:
22012:. Retrieved
21985:
21970:. Retrieved
21943:
21928:. Retrieved
21895:
21891:
21876:. Retrieved
21859:
21855:
21840:. Retrieved
21812:
21800:. Retrieved
21775:
21771:
21725:
21721:
21711:, retrieved
21691:
21671:
21652:
21640:. Retrieved
21631:
21627:
21596:
21585:. Retrieved
21555:
21551:
21525:
21497:, retrieved
21488:
21484:
21456:, retrieved
21447:
21443:
21428:. Retrieved
21403:
21380:
21369:, retrieved
21349:
21337:, retrieved
21326:
21311:. Retrieved
21273:
21255:. Retrieved
21227:
21215:, retrieved
21211:the original
21206:
21183:
21172:, retrieved
21152:
21127:, retrieved
21118:
21114:
21091:
21063:
21051:. Retrieved
21023:
20998:, retrieved
20989:
20985:
20957:, retrieved
20948:
20944:
20916:, retrieved
20907:
20903:
20888:. Retrieved
20847:
20843:
20815:, retrieved
20806:
20802:
20774:, retrieved
20765:
20761:
20758:"Išme-karāb"
20733:, retrieved
20724:
20720:
20705:. Retrieved
20678:
20650:, retrieved
20641:
20637:
20609:, retrieved
20600:
20596:
20568:, retrieved
20559:
20555:
20540:. Retrieved
20510:
20479:, retrieved
20470:
20466:
20438:, retrieved
20429:
20425:
20397:, retrieved
20388:
20384:
20356:, retrieved
20347:
20343:
20340:"Lugal-asal"
20307:
20303:
20293:, retrieved
20273:
20262:, retrieved
20242:
20219:
20210:
20199:. Retrieved
20166:
20162:
20148:, retrieved
20110:
20106:
20080:
20070:
20047:
20036:, retrieved
20016:
19985:
19974:. Retrieved
19947:
19932:, retrieved
19923:
19908:, retrieved
19899:
19876:
19856:
19844:. Retrieved
19827:
19823:
19800:
19776:, retrieved
19767:
19763:
19727:
19723:
19699:
19689:, retrieved
19669:
19657:. Retrieved
19629:
19610:
19579:
19568:. Retrieved
19548:
19520:
19501:
19473:
19454:
19425:
19400:, retrieved
19391:
19387:
19374:
19365:
19361:
19330:, retrieved
19321:
19317:
19314:"Kingaludda"
19289:, retrieved
19280:
19276:
19253:
19226:
19207:
19181:
19177:
19143:
19124:
19113:, retrieved
19093:
19064:
19060:
19050:, retrieved
19030:
19007:
18979:
18960:
18941:
18921:
18896:, retrieved
18887:
18883:
18855:, retrieved
18846:
18842:
18814:, retrieved
18805:
18801:
18778:
18758:
18754:
18730:, retrieved
18721:
18717:
18702:, retrieved
18693:
18670:
18652:
18630:
18619:. Retrieved
18604:
18585:
18582:"Monotheism"
18557:, retrieved
18548:
18544:
18505:
18501:
18490:. Retrieved
18449:
18445:
18430:. Retrieved
18421:
18390:
18379:. Retrieved
18370:
18366:
18336:
18308:, retrieved
18299:
18295:
18264:
18245:
18233:. Retrieved
18207:
18188:
18177:. Retrieved
18152:
18148:
18117:
18106:. Retrieved
18079:
18064:. Retrieved
18023:
18019:
18004:. Retrieved
17979:
17975:
17960:. Retrieved
17935:
17931:
17908:
17896:. Retrieved
17869:
17840:
17836:
17826:, retrieved
17806:
17786:
17777:Bibliography
17763:
17751:
17739:
17727:
17722:, p. 2.
17715:
17643:
17631:
17619:
17607:
17595:
17551:
17544:Lambert 2013
17539:
17527:
17520:Beckman 1998
17515:
17503:
17491:
17486:, p. 1.
17484:Beckman 1998
17479:
17474:, p. 2.
17472:Beckman 1998
17467:
17455:
17443:
17431:
17419:
17407:
17400:Beckman 1999
17395:
17388:Taracha 2009
17383:
17371:
17359:
17337:, p. 1.
17330:
17318:
17313:, p. 7.
17296:Wilhelm 1989
17277:Lambert 1980
17255:
17243:
17231:
17219:
17207:
17151:
17139:
17127:
17115:
17073:
17061:
17049:
17037:
17025:
17013:
17001:
16994:Wilhelm 1989
16989:
16967:Lambert 2007
16945:
16918:
16906:
16901:, p. 4.
16894:
16852:
16840:
16828:
16786:
16774:
16728:
16716:
16704:
16692:
16685:Herbert 2003
16680:
16668:
16656:
16644:
16637:Wiggins 2007
16632:
16625:Wiggins 2007
16620:
16613:Wiggins 2007
16608:
16601:Wiggins 2007
16596:
16589:Wiggins 2007
16584:
16577:Wiggins 2007
16572:
16565:Wiggins 2007
16560:
16553:Wiggins 2007
16533:
16521:
16509:
16497:
16470:
16458:
16446:
16439:Dillery 2014
16434:
16422:
16410:
16403:Taracha 2009
16398:
16382:
16377:
16365:
16338:
16305:
16188:
16157:
16145:
16095:
16083:
16050:
16023:
15990:
15978:
15966:
15869:
15842:
15830:
15725:
15713:
15635:
15598:
15586:
15574:
15562:
15550:
15496:
15484:
15472:
15460:
15453:Lambert 2013
15448:
15441:Lambert 2013
15436:
15429:Lambert 2013
15424:
15417:Lambert 2013
15412:
15363:Lambert 2013
15348:Lambert 2013
15331:Lambert 2013
15326:
15319:Lambert 2013
15265:
15253:
15207:
15180:
15168:
15109:
15102:Marcato 2018
15097:
15090:Wiggins 2007
15085:
15063:Lambert 2013
15058:
15029:
15017:
14990:
14961:
14934:
14883:
14840:Beckman 1999
14780:
14743:Staiger 2010
14738:
14731:Staiger 2010
14716:Staiger 2010
14696:
14669:
14657:
14645:
14633:
14621:
14609:
14518:
14489:
14477:
14465:
14453:
14424:
14395:
14360:
14353:Lambert 2013
14348:
14341:Lambert 2013
14322:Lambert 2013
14317:
14310:Lambert 2013
14254:
14227:
14164:
14101:
14089:
14077:
14012:
13985:
13973:
13966:Lambert 1987
13949:Lambert 1987
13915:Lambert 2013
13910:
13883:
13835:
13802:
13780:Lambert 2013
13719:
13658:Lambert 2013
13653:
13646:Lambert 2013
13641:
13634:Lambert 2013
13629:
13571:Leemans 1983
13566:
13534:Lambert 2013
13517:Lambert 2013
13512:
13505:Lambert 2013
13471:Lambert 1983
13454:Lambert 1983
13439:Lambert 1983
13434:
13412:Lambert 2013
13407:
13376:
13369:Holland 2009
13349:
13342:Lambert 2013
13337:
13330:Lambert 2013
13325:
13313:
13301:
13289:
13213:
13201:
13189:
13150:
13138:
13090:
13029:
13022:Veenhof 2018
13017:
13005:
12974:
12967:Lambert 2013
12962:
12950:
12938:
12907:
12895:
12883:
12856:
12815:
12803:
12791:
12779:
12767:
12695:Richter 2004
12690:
12561:
12486:
12479:Lambert 2013
12474:
12467:Lambert 2013
12462:
12418:
12406:
12379:
12372:Lambert 2013
12367:
12323:
12252:Lambert 2013
12247:
12235:
12223:
12196:
12184:
12136:
12124:
12097:
12085:
12073:
12044:
12032:
12020:
12008:
11981:
11940:
11913:
11901:
11872:
11860:
11823:
11772:
11760:
11755:, p. 6.
11748:
11736:
11646:
11617:
11605:
11578:
11566:
11559:Burkert 2005
11554:
11542:
11515:
11488:
11476:
11464:
11435:
11406:
11394:
11382:
11370:
11306:Lambert 2013
11301:
11294:Lambert 2013
11279:Lambert 2013
11274:
11267:Lambert 2013
11262:
11255:Lambert 2013
11250:
11243:Lambert 2013
11226:Lambert 2013
11221:
11214:Lambert 2013
11209:
11202:Lambert 2013
11187:Lambert 2013
11182:
11175:Lambert 2013
11170:
11163:Lambert 2013
11158:
11151:Lambert 2013
11146:
11139:Lambert 2013
11134:
11127:Lambert 2013
11112:Lambert 2013
11107:
11100:Lambert 2013
11095:
11088:Lambert 2013
11083:
11071:
11059:
11047:
11040:Lambert 2013
11035:
11023:
11016:Lambert 2013
10997:Lambert 2013
10965:Lambert 2013
10950:Lambert 2013
10945:
10918:
10906:
10862:
10850:
10838:
10826:
10814:
10802:
10769:
10740:
10728:
10659:
10647:
10635:
10623:
10611:
10599:
10587:
10575:
10508:
10481:
10454:
10425:
10413:
10401:
10353:
10341:
10329:
10317:
10305:
10293:
10288:, p. 9.
10281:
10254:
10242:
10230:
10218:
10206:
10158:
10089:
10077:
10048:
10036:
10024:
10012:
10000:
9973:
9961:
9756:
9714:
9702:
9637:
9610:
9541:
9411:
9399:
9387:
9358:
9325:
9294:
9282:
9270:
9258:
9221:
9209:
9197:
9185:
9148:
9136:
9124:
9095:
9083:
9071:
9026:
8962:
8950:
8878:
8866:
8854:
8842:
8712:
8655:
8590:Lambert 2013
8585:
8573:
8561:
8524:
8512:
8481:
8451:
8441:
8382:, p. 5.
8380:Lambert 2013
8337:
8325:
8313:
8286:
8226:Lambert 2013
8221:
8209:
8197:
8167:Lambert 2013
8147:
8135:
8123:
7983:
7923:
7911:
7899:
7892:Bautsch 2003
7887:
7875:
7868:Lambert 2013
7863:
7856:Lambert 2013
7824:Lambert 2013
7819:
7812:Lambert 2013
7777:
7765:
7760:, p. 2.
7753:
7741:
7712:
7700:
7688:
7645:, p. 8.
7592:
7587:, p. 6.
7565:
7518:
7438:
7426:
7365:
7287:
7258:
7158:Kingdoms of
7029:
6929:Gary Beckman
6849:
6816:
6765:
6742:
6652:
6567:
6521:Anšar = Anum
6520:
6516:
6382:
6378:
6345:Dura-Europos
6274:
6270:
6262:
6223:
6219:
6183:Artaxerxes I
6146:
6093:fire temples
6037:
6036:, it is the
6033:
5969:
5965:Ishkur/Adad
5940:
5827:miscarriages
5795:
5791:
5751:Utu/Shamash
5725:
5702:
5698:
5615:
5611:
5582:
5564:
5560:
5515:
5509:
5499:
5411:
5407:
5387:
5379:
5375:
5336:
5276:
5189:
5169:
5165:
5142:
5120:
5029:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4975:
4882:Šarrat-Dēri
4875:Ašrat aḫītu,
4874:
4815:
4811:
4801:Panigingarra
4685:
4660:
4507:
4484:salt springs
4406:
4339:Ninigizibara
4283:
4202:
4044:
3913:
3864:
3856:
3837:
3729:α Scorpionis
3683:Kurigalzu II
3655:, Lahar and
3650:
3632:
3584:
3563:
3506:
3502:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3308:
3245:
3210:Dūr-Šarruku
3177:
3096:
3047:
3009:Jeremy Black
2974:
2970:
2964:
2941:
2937:
2886:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2776:
2718:
2714:
2678:
2630:
2578:
2515:
2463:
2456:
2413:
2319:
2292:
2246:
2169:
2155:
2143:
2128:
2112:
2092:
2084:
2004:
1993:
1975:
1971:
1934:
1870:
1866:
1808:
1782:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1725:
1693:Nabopolassar
1620:
1616:
1610:
1597:
1569:
1530:
1403:
1377:
1320:
1319:, while his
1214:
1212:
1140:
1136:
1126:
983:
957:, and later
707:Dura Europos
551:
547:
543:
529:
451:lapis lazuli
447:national god
398:
286:
220:
210:
206:
202:
178:
170:
155:
148:
145:
109:cult statues
99:The ancient
98:
93:
89:
80:". Both the
73:
69:
65:
57:
56:
15:
24349:Agriculture
24244:Micronesian
24060:Anglo-Saxon
23470:"Nin-šubur"
22173:: 277–290.
20982:"Manziniri"
20634:"Šarrāḫītu"
19273:"Kanisurra"
18541:"Ninegalla"
17843:: 105–108.
17720:Grabbe 2010
17678:Miller 1986
17588:Dalley 2013
17532:Porter 2004
17018:Potter 1991
17006:Foster 1996
16514:Dirven 2014
16490:Parker 2017
16475:Parker 2017
16310:Morony 1984
15874:George 2003
15847:George 2003
15835:George 2003
15655:Kramer 1961
15591:George 2003
15579:George 2003
15289:George 2003
15246:George 1999
15227:George 1993
15114:George 1993
15022:George 1993
14876:George 2003
14785:George 1993
14773:George 1993
14758:Simons 2017
14638:George 1993
14626:George 1993
14614:George 1993
14602:Jordan 2002
14482:George 1993
14470:George 1993
14400:George 1993
14278:Jordan 2002
14053:George 1993
13990:George 1993
13978:George 1993
13486:George 1993
13381:Jordan 2002
13354:George 1993
13252:Edzard 1980
13218:Jordan 2002
13194:George 1993
13049:McCall 1990
12931:George 2003
12912:Jordan 2002
12900:George 1993
12861:George 1993
12849:Weeden 2016
12784:Kramer 1961
12649:Kramer 1963
12634:Kramer 1963
12619:Kramer 1963
12566:Simons 2017
12554:Simons 2017
12533:Simons 2017
12491:George 1993
12455:George 1993
12328:George 1993
12316:Kramer 1961
12297:Kramer 1961
12282:Kramer 1961
12189:Archi 2015a
12117:George 1993
12090:Kramer 1961
12049:George 2003
12037:George 2003
12025:George 2003
12013:George 2003
12001:Dalley 1989
11986:George 2003
11945:George 1993
11933:George 1993
11918:George 1993
11906:George 1993
11828:George 1999
11765:George 1993
11064:George 1992
10882:Kramer 1961
10640:Kramer 1961
10616:Kramer 1961
10151:Simons 2017
9226:Robson 2015
8928:Kramer 1961
8871:Kramer 1961
8395:Wright 2002
8342:Kramer 1963
8330:Kramer 1963
8318:Kramer 1983
8214:Kramer 1963
8116:Rogers 1998
8099:Harris 1991
7916:Kramer 1963
7904:Kramer 1963
7746:Kramer 1963
7620:Brisch 2016
7263:Kramer 1961
6628:Inshushinak
6547:Verethragna
6517:eše hawurni
6391:Belet Nagar
6153:Ningishzida
6069:Ahura Mazda
5985:Marduk and
5690:Kingaludda
5591:Girtablullu
5349:Uṣur-amāssu
5341:Uṣur-amāssu
5277:Enuma Elish
5050:Shulshagana
5038:Uṣur-amāssu
4960:, possibly
4793:Sagittarius
4345:Umma, Uruk
4286:, the hero
4260:Ningishzida
4207:Guškinbanda
3918:homophonous
3833:Bad-tibira
3737:Lugala'abba
3614:Inshushinak
3498:Uruk, Kish
3472:Enuma Elish
3343:Inshushinak
3233:Id (modern
2980:Ningishzida
2950:Geshtinanna
2864:Great Flood
2567:Dumuzi-abzu
2422:written in
2116:creature."
2100:Amashilama
1947:Lugaldukuga
1937:(a kind of
1899:Samsu-iluna
1721:Sennacherib
1695:are known.
1519:Ningishzida
1342:Buriyaš or
1309:Uruk period
1285:Adad, Hadad
1082:Geshtinanna
711:Elephantine
591:Babylonians
540:Great Flood
520:, the sage
399:Luludanitu,
24614:Categories
24540:Vegetation
24476:Psychopomp
24281:Philippine
24219:Lithuanian
24179:Indonesian
23780:2022-03-12
23740:2021-07-30
23700:2022-05-17
23658:2021-07-28
23611:2021-07-28
23570:2022-05-22
23529:2021-10-03
23488:2021-08-01
23460:2021-07-29
23407:2021-07-28
23379:2021-08-01
23284:2021-10-03
23232:2022-04-26
23195:2022-05-23
23166:2020-11-30
23088:2022-02-16
23041:2022-03-30
22984:2021-07-28
22943:2021-08-01
22867:2022-04-26
22807:2022-10-01
22754:2022-04-28
22727:2022-04-28
22675:2022-02-25
22633:2021-07-28
22591:2022-04-05
22538:2022-05-23
22510:2022-02-12
22466:2021-08-01
22416:2022-02-28
22343:2021-07-31
22293:1223089221
22246:2018-08-04
22210:2020-11-30
22157:2021-07-28
22097:2021-07-28
22042:2022-02-02
22014:2022-02-23
21972:2022-02-09
21930:2021-10-07
21878:2021-07-31
21842:2022-05-23
21802:2021-08-12
21713:2020-11-30
21642:2021-07-28
21587:2022-05-23
21499:2022-05-23
21458:2021-07-31
21430:2022-03-05
21371:2020-11-30
21313:2022-05-22
21257:2021-09-25
21174:2020-11-30
21129:2022-05-23
21000:2021-10-05
20959:2021-07-28
20918:2022-05-23
20890:2021-09-12
20817:2021-08-11
20776:2021-08-11
20735:2021-07-28
20707:2022-03-13
20697:1038056453
20652:2022-03-13
20611:2021-09-28
20570:2022-03-19
20542:2022-05-17
20481:2021-07-28
20440:2021-07-28
20399:2022-05-23
20358:2022-05-23
20295:2018-07-24
20264:2018-03-13
20201:2021-08-07
20150:2018-03-15
20038:2020-11-30
19976:2022-04-05
19846:2021-08-04
19778:2021-07-28
19691:2020-09-25
19659:2022-02-12
19570:2022-06-24
19402:2021-08-11
19362:Philippika
19332:2021-09-27
19291:2021-09-27
19162:1066106613
19115:2020-11-30
19052:2020-11-30
18898:2022-05-23
18857:2021-09-28
18816:2021-08-12
18732:2022-05-23
18621:2022-05-23
18559:2021-08-12
18492:2021-07-28
18432:2021-08-04
18381:2021-09-12
18310:2021-09-25
18235:2021-07-28
18179:2022-04-03
18149:Orientalia
18108:2021-07-28
18066:2021-07-28
18006:2021-07-28
17976:Orientalia
17962:2021-08-07
17932:Orientalia
17898:2021-07-28
17888:1159428969
17828:2020-11-30
17708:Dever 2003
17460:Feliu 2003
17448:Feliu 2003
17436:Archi 2015
17335:Archi 2013
17323:Archi 2013
17311:Archi 2013
17260:Archi 2013
17236:Archi 2013
17224:Archi 2013
17132:Seidl 1972
16950:Archi 2004
16923:Archi 2004
16899:Archi 2010
16887:Archi 2004
16872:Archi 2004
16857:Archi 2004
16721:Archi 2013
16673:Cohen 2013
16538:Cohen 2013
16502:Cohen 2013
16415:Murat 2009
16370:Litke 1998
16298:Litke 1998
15670:Pryke 2017
15405:Horry 2013
13807:Bauer 1987
13233:Litke 1998
12979:Soldt 2005
12955:Soldt 2005
12943:Soldt 2005
12514:Horry 2016
12423:Klein 1997
12411:Klein 1997
12384:Black 2006
12360:Cohen 1993
12228:Klein 2010
11028:Litke 1998
10568:Pryke 2017
10501:Leick 2013
8955:Pryke 2017
8913:Pryke 2017
8898:Pryke 2017
8820:Leick 1998
8784:Pryke 2017
8306:Hallo 1996
8140:James 1963
7758:Litke 1998
7705:Archi 1990
7643:Leick 1998
7597:Litke 1998
7585:Litke 1998
7251:References
7170:Israelites
7140:El Shaddai
6789:Esarhaddon
6779:Manziniri
6657:Ereshkigal
6599:Al-Hasakah
6275:Tauropolos
6139:Ereshkigal
5998:Urmahlullu
5913:Enmesharra
5831:cot deaths
5797:Enûma Eliš
5125:Enmesharra
5088:Shul-utula
5000:underworld
4980:Lugalbanda
4968:Tell Agrab
4962:Tell Agrab
4824:Sadarnunna
4717:Ereshkigal
4680:, Kiritab
4611:Lugalbanda
4415:Nin-MAR.KI
4331:apotropaic
4316:Ningublaga
4232:Babylonian
4053:Nimintabba
3752:Lugalbanda
3421:Hendursaga
3327:Ishmekarab
3215:Esarhaddon
3186:Hendursaga
3167:Ḫegirnunna
3036:Ereshkigal
2891:, she and
2591:Hendursaga
2404:1600 BC –
2394:Utu-hengal
2334:Belet-Seri
2326:underworld
2309:Lugal-asal
2074:Amasagnudi
2005:Enûma Eliš
1995:Enûma Eliš
1927:Enmesharra
1871:Enûma Eliš
1867:Enûma Eliš
1810:Enûma Eliš
1773:Enûma Eliš
1764:Enûma Eliš
1515:Ereshkigal
1483:divination
1334:("Adad of
1159:Nintinugga
1090:Ereshkigal
1066:Bad-tibira
1036:Ereshkigal
856:Ereshkigal
699:Hierapolis
502:Damgalnuna
479:temple in
427:temple in
375:temple in
197:1830 BC –
143:2004 BC).
139:2112 BC –
26:dating to
24429:Knowledge
24414:Household
24394:Fertility
24286:Purépecha
24169:Hungarian
24094:Hebridean
24072:Mycenaean
23976:Canaanite
23876:243923454
23730:171049273
23369:161099846
23361:0084-5299
23266:0373-6032
23227:0373-6032
23023:0066-6440
22857:161219123
22841:0022-2968
22717:164771112
22709:0232-8461
22665:648616171
22500:1569-2116
22453:1569-2116
22147:232250529
22131:0021-0889
22087:850438175
22004:954238944
21962:952181311
21920:164470953
21912:0084-5299
21868:0212-5730
21832:460044951
21792:162329196
21760:163475560
21730:CiteSeerX
21420:234551379
21323:"Ninurta"
21300:2610-8828
21247:237144973
21082:861537250
20880:163337976
20864:0021-0889
20799:"Lāgamāl"
20332:163489322
20191:161464047
20183:0084-5299
20137:1406-0957
20115:CiteSeerX
20004:470337605
19752:162322517
19245:263460607
19198:140595319
19089:Day, John
19081:0905-7196
18532:0221-5896
18482:163362140
18466:0022-0256
18424:: 13–30.
18355:1384-2161
18161:0030-5367
18098:882106763
18056:191962310
18040:0021-0889
17988:0030-5367
17944:0030-5367
17857:193002796
17756:Blum 1998
17744:Betz 2000
17636:Stol 2019
17624:Gelb 1973
16393:, line 30
15270:Selz 1995
15258:Selz 1995
14094:Selz 1995
13010:Selz 1995
12888:Selz 1995
12876:Selz 1995
12683:Zisa 2021
12240:Selz 1995
12216:Selz 1995
12078:Katz 2003
11399:Krul 2018
11387:Krul 2018
10211:Stol 1998
9202:Mark 2017
8243:Ataç 2018
8152:Katz 2003
8128:Clay 2006
7693:Katz 1995
7245:An = Anum
7186:Jerusalem
7184:captured
7174:Levantine
6937:Ninsianna
6925:Kiririsha
6821:Tashmetum
6817:Ninsikila
6743:An = Anum
6653:An = Anum
6584:Ḫabūrītum
6572:Napirisha
6465:kusarikku
6383:Parthenos
6379:Promachos
6317:Atargatis
6034:An = Anum
6020:Ušumgallu
5929:Suhurmašu
5792:kusarikku
5761:Gilgamesh
5738:Kusarikku
5703:ilu lemnu
5699:An = Anum
5607:/Shamash
5571:Gilgamesh
5402:from her
5272:Borsippa
5221:Dadamušda
5217:Tadmuštum
5110:Shuzianna
5046:Shulshaga
5012:An = Anum
5008:wābalu(m)
4860:Šarrāḫītu
4724:Nunusdug
4615:Gilgamesh
4569:Ninsikila
4549:haruspicy
4516:Ninsianna
4496:Ninnisig?
4469:Ninpumuna
4288:Gilgamesh
4241:Ningirima
4176:Ninhegal
4162:Ningirida
4143:Ningikuga
4045:An = Anum
4035:Nanibgal
3811:Babylonia
3777:Gilgamesh
3725:Ninsikila
3713:Adab and
3679:Babylonia
3585:šuillakku
3492:Kanisurra
3484:Ninshubur
3480:Ninkarrak
3468:An = Anum
3250:-lú-ru-gú
3074:Ninkarrak
3026:Gugalanna
2938:ṣayyaḫatu
2912:Parthians
2848:An = Anum
2759:Gugalanna
2734:Enlilazi
2420:epic poem
2357:Gilgamesh
2305:Bēl-ṣarbi
2266:Ninhursag
2247:An = Anum
2162:Aphrodite
2144:An = Anum
2113:An = Anum
2109:Ningirida
2085:An = Anum
2052:Ama-arhus
1732:Papsukkal
1717:Hammurabi
1637:Papsukkal
1583:Ninshubur
1439:Uruk and
1325:extispicy
1215:An = Anum
1163:Ninkarrak
1141:An = Anum
1115:Gugalanna
998:Euphrates
876:Ninhursag
832:Shuruppak
641:Sargon II
629:Assyrians
599:Sarpānītu
506:Ninhursag
329:Ninsianna
305:Ninhursag
266:Nabonidus
246:Ninhursag
244:regarded
150:An = Anum
22:Akkadian
24596:Category
24535:Tutelary
24523:Trickery
24496:Smithing
24321:Ugaritic
24316:Tuvaluan
24271:Ossetian
24249:Muskogee
24194:Japanese
24121:Buddhist
24114:Rigvedic
24089:Hawaiian
24055:Germanic
24050:Georgian
24040:Etruscan
24035:Estonian
24013:Egyptian
23946:Armenian
23936:Albanian
23774:Archived
23770:21036268
23734:Archived
23694:Archived
23652:Archived
23619:citation
23605:archived
23578:citation
23564:archived
23537:citation
23523:archived
23496:citation
23482:archived
23454:Archived
23450:27914917
23415:citation
23401:archived
23373:Archived
23302:archived
23278:Archived
23274:23281369
23176:(1996).
23160:archived
23129:33242446
23096:citation
23082:archived
23070:"Šuwala"
23035:Archived
23031:41670228
22992:citation
22978:archived
22966:"Tišpak"
22951:citation
22937:archived
22925:"Nanaja"
22909:archived
22885:archived
22861:Archived
22801:Archived
22762:citation
22748:archived
22721:archived
22669:Archived
22627:Archived
22623:48399212
22585:Archived
22581:33334960
22546:citation
22532:archived
22504:Archived
22457:Archived
22410:Archived
22406:48145544
22351:citation
22337:archived
22325:"Zababa"
22303:(1987),
22240:archived
22204:archived
22179:20187558
22151:Archived
22091:Archived
22050:citation
22036:archived
22008:Archived
21966:Archived
21924:Archived
21872:Archived
21836:Archived
21796:Archived
21752:25608622
21707:archived
21636:Archived
21578:Archived
21523:(1986),
21507:citation
21493:archived
21481:"Šubula"
21466:citation
21452:archived
21424:Archived
21365:archived
21339:4 August
21333:archived
21304:Archived
21251:Archived
21217:30 April
21168:archived
21137:citation
21123:archived
21111:"Lagaba"
21053:March 5,
21047:Archived
21043:67873765
21008:citation
20994:archived
20967:citation
20953:archived
20926:citation
20912:archived
20884:Archived
20825:citation
20811:archived
20784:citation
20770:archived
20743:citation
20729:archived
20701:Archived
20660:citation
20646:archived
20619:citation
20605:archived
20578:citation
20564:archived
20533:Archived
20529:51728225
20489:citation
20475:archived
20463:"Nanšak"
20448:citation
20434:archived
20407:citation
20393:archived
20366:citation
20352:archived
20289:archived
20258:archived
20240:(1961),
20195:Archived
20141:archived
20032:archived
19970:Archived
19928:archived
19904:archived
19840:Archived
19824:Bulletin
19786:citation
19772:archived
19685:archived
19653:Archived
19649:51668477
19598:27813103
19564:Archived
19539:16252979
19492:34149948
19445:52107444
19410:citation
19396:archived
19368:: 51–66.
19340:citation
19326:archived
19299:citation
19285:archived
19109:archived
19091:(2002),
19046:archived
19028:(1989),
18998:27431674
18906:citation
18892:archived
18865:citation
18851:archived
18824:citation
18810:archived
18798:"Nungal"
18740:citation
18726:archived
18698:archived
18567:citation
18553:archived
18486:Archived
18426:Archived
18409:51944564
18375:Archived
18318:citation
18304:archived
18292:"LUM-ma"
18226:Archived
18173:Archived
18169:26153279
18102:Archived
18060:Archived
18048:20779017
18000:Archived
17996:43078173
17956:Archived
17952:43075881
17892:Archived
17822:archived
17693:Day 2002
16387:Archived
7219:See also
7103:Umbidaki
7088:mushussu
7078:Eshnunna
7045:Mardaman
6964:Shaushka
6806:Meskilak
6690:Meskilak
6649:Sumerian
6529:Herakles
6469:mushussu
6424:Eshnunna
6305:Ugaritic
6283:Ashratum
6212:Seleucid
6179:Berossos
6108:Allatum
6089:Sasanian
6063:Details
6028:Ninkilim
5987:Sarpanit
5979:Uridimmu
5935:Enki/Ea
5888:Lamashtu
5839:Mušḫuššu
5806:Lamashtu
5721:Enki/Ea
5490:Ninurta
5467:Details
5442:Itūr-Mēr
5371:Babylon
5326:Urkayītu
5236:Tashmetu
5073:Shulpa'e
5065:Ninĝirsu
5004:ābalu(m)
4927:Medimsha
4915:Sarpanit
4839:Sarpanit
4789:Ninisina
4768:Pabilsaĝ
4756:oil lamp
4744:Nippur,
4702:Manungal
4684:myth of
4671:Numushda
4662:kudurrus
4374:Ninkurra
4252:Ningilin
4215:Ninkilim
4006:scimitar
3974:Ishtaran
3910:Akkadian
3895:Mammitum
3691:Mammitum
3269:Ninĝirsu
3223:Idlurugu
3082:Ĝatumdug
3070:Ninisina
2984:mushussu
2856:and the
2786:Archived
2707:Enbilulu
2683:Archived
2666:Babylon
2660:Enbilulu
2640:Archived
2551:Dingirma
2424:Akkadian
2353:Bilgames
2345:Ashratum
2315:Šapazzu
2293:kallatum
2243:Shulpa'e
2204:Asarluhi
2164:, was a
2089:Seleucid
2030:Details
1894:Akkadian
1880:Parthian
1876:Seleucid
1795:Details
1641:Seleucid
1566:Šuruppak
1532:mušḫuššu
1523:Eshnunna
1503:Eshnunna
1479:Ningirsu
1405:kudurrus
1396:Ningirsu
1344:Ugaritic
1238:Lagash,
1183:Borsippa
1155:Ninisina
1125:and her
936:Ninĝírsu
683:Tashmetu
668:Borsippa
595:Asarluhi
518:Enbilulu
514:Asarluhi
439:Elamites
349:Details
207:Anunnaki
175:chthonic
158:Anunnaki
125:chariots
82:Sumerian
24560:Weather
24545:Volcano
24513:Thunder
24461:Nations
24439:Liminal
24419:Hunting
24404:Fortune
24374:Creator
24326:Vainakh
24276:Persian
24264:Zapotec
24254:Myanmar
24199:Kassite
24174:Hurrian
24164:Hittite
24079:Guanche
24045:Finnish
24030:Elamite
24003:Chinese
23981:Catalan
23941:Arabian
23931:African
22263:Bibcode
22139:4200556
21615:9645034
20872:4200181
20717:"Jabnu"
20324:3642699
19760:"Šimut"
19744:1062957
18474:1360026
7107:Nupatik
7096:Elamite
7071:Tishpak
7038:Shuwala
7030:kudurru
6989:Subartu
6978:Nineveh
6945:Shalash
6914:Pinikir
6880:Sebitti
6858:Narundi
6850:Tākultu
6829:Nabarbi
6812:Dilmun
6767:Tākultu
6751:Kumarbi
6620:kudurru
6590:Sikani
6542:Greece
6428:Tishpak
6402:Shekhna
6385:types.
6374:Greece
6308:Athirat
6290:Amorite
6271:Soteira
6263:Daittai
6257:Greece
6244:Artemis
6224:Daittai
6220:Komaios
6174:Persia
6161:Anahita
6127:Hurrian
6101:Mada'in
5942:kudurru
5907:Narundi
5896:Sebitti
5726:kissugu
5715:Kulullû
5682:Ishtar
5642:Humbaba
5616:gir-tab
5536:Gudea's
5516:huluppu
5477:Imdugud
5438:Humbaba
5410:and in
5322:Urkitum
5291:Nippur
5198:Sumugan
5116:Nippur
5056:Lagash
5034:Misharu
4894:Ištaran
4850:Babylon
4830:Nippur
4812:kudurru
4729:Kisiga
4678:Kazallu
4657:Ištaran
4561:Pinikir
4557:Elamite
4434:Ninmena
4419:Ninmar?
4396:Ninmada
4354:Ninkasi
4292:Dumuzid
4190:Ninimma
4181:Sippar
4088:Ninegal
4069:Nindara
4028:Ishartu
4018:Misharu
3945:Mandanu
3936:Sippar
3827:Latarak
3806:Kisiga
3743:Nippur
3671:Kutha,
3593:Lagamar
3546:Sherida
3470:and in
3339:Elamite
3298:Ilabrat
3264:Lagash
3258:Igalima
3205:Humhum
3151:Nineveh
3088:Lagash
2924:Gazbaba
2837:Errakal
2833:Erragal
2781:(ETCSL
2754:Nippur
2739:Nippur
2696:Enkimdu
2635:(ETCSL
2472:Bizilla
2178:Anunītu
2087:and in
2036:Alammuš
1935:suššuru
1839:Hittite
1777:Kassite
1633:Ilabrat
1527:Tishpak
1414:Dumuzid
1355:Ištaran
1340:Kassite
1336:Subartu
1329:Hurrian
1048:Dumuzid
985:Lugal-e
963:Assyria
932:Ninurta
912:Mesilim
864:Dumuzid
836:Zabalam
770:Shamash
695:Palmyra
687:Mercury
677:Mercury
585:Jupiter
580:Babylon
486:Canopus
262:Shamash
183:Hurrian
94:puluhtu
24584:Portal
24466:Nature
24409:Health
24359:Beauty
24331:Yoruba
24311:Turkic
24306:Slavic
24301:Samoan
24229:Māʻohi
24214:Lakota
24209:Korean
24150:Meitei
23998:Chahta
23986:Celtic
23966:Basque
23961:Balkan
23874:
23864:
23838:
23818:
23798:
23768:
23758:
23728:
23718:
23686:
23644:
23448:
23438:
23367:
23359:
23324:
23272:
23264:
23225:
23186:
23152:
23127:
23117:
23057:
23029:
23021:
22855:
22849:544089
22847:
22839:
22793:
22715:
22707:
22663:
22653:
22621:
22611:
22579:
22569:
22498:
22451:
22404:
22394:
22374:
22313:
22291:
22281:
22196:
22189:Ishtar
22177:
22145:
22137:
22129:
22085:
22075:
22002:
21992:
21960:
21950:
21918:
21910:
21866:
21830:
21820:
21790:
21758:
21750:
21732:
21699:
21678:
21660:
21613:
21603:
21570:
21533:
21418:
21388:
21357:
21298:
21288:
21245:
21235:
21191:
21160:
21099:
21080:
21070:
21041:
21031:
20878:
20870:
20862:
20695:
20685:
20527:
20517:
20330:
20322:
20281:
20250:
20226:
20189:
20181:
20135:
20117:
20088:
20055:
20024:
20002:
19992:
19962:
19884:
19864:
19807:
19750:
19742:
19716:605698
19714:
19677:
19647:
19637:
19617:
19596:
19586:
19556:
19537:
19527:
19509:
19490:
19480:
19462:
19443:
19433:
19384:"Uttu"
19260:
19243:
19233:
19215:
19196:
19160:
19150:
19132:
19101:
19079:
19038:
19015:
18996:
18986:
18967:
18949:
18929:
18786:
18677:
18659:
18637:
18612:
18592:
18530:
18480:
18472:
18464:
18407:
18397:
18353:
18343:
18279:
18253:
18218:
18195:
18167:
18159:
18132:
18096:
18086:
18054:
18046:
18038:
17994:
17986:
17950:
17942:
17916:
17886:
17876:
17855:
17814:
17794:
7160:Israel
7136:Elohim
7127:Yahweh
7119:Arbela
7092:Teshub
7084:Ninazu
7065:wife.
7020:Zagros
6997:Ninlil
6876:Nanaya
6759:Urkesh
6738:Elam?
6724:bashmu
6702:Išḫara
6676:Dilmun
6606:Ḫarbe
6555:Humban
6484:Tuttul
6361:Athena
6337:Edessa
6301:Amurru
6292:areas
6267:Ikaros
6236:Ikaros
6232:Strabo
6206:Greece
6192:Apollo
6148:sukkal
6131:Haššum
6112:Allani
6087:Under
6083:Persia
6057:Image
6038:sukkal
6026:Nabu;
5970:ugallu
5952:Ugallu
5921:Gutium
5903:Nergal
5866:Pazuzu
5757:Enkidu
5676:Kilili
5664:Humban
5646:Huwawa
5634:Pazuzu
5612:lu-ulu
5579:Taurus
5575:Enkidu
5569:after
5461:Image
5404:vagina
5384:Esagil
5380:uttutu
5311:Dilbat
5253:Nanaya
5227:Kutha
5202:Šakkan
5180:Silili
5166:Šiduri
5155:Šiduri
5147:Laguda
5133:Sirsir
4989:Šubula
4941:Karkar
4871:Amurru
4846:Esagil
4746:Harran
4698:Nungal
4591:Ninsun
4583:Dilmun
4537:, and
4531:Sippar
4492:Ninšar
4450:Ninmug
4384:Ninsar
4366:Nungal
4300:Lagash
4280:Ninazu
4274:Lagash
4197:Nippur
4132:Harran
4120:Nikkal
4116:Ningal
4104:Nungal
4080:Nanshe
4040:Eresh
3994:Amurru
3961:Manzat
3901:Kutha
3869:Hamazi
3815:Gemini
3781:Nippur
3773:Ninsun
3765:, and
3763:Nippur
3673:Lagaba
3657:Ashnan
3622:Laguda
3600:Dilbat
3535:Kittum
3507:ganzer
3459:sukkal
3393:sukkal
3385:sukkal
3369:Isimud
3355:Irnina
3310:sukkal
3192:Girsu
3173:Girsu
3141:, and
3131:Ninlil
3127:Nisaba
3118:, and
3060:Gunura
3044:Ninazu
3040:Ennugi
2916:temple
2901:Gareus
2875:Ashnan
2871:Ezina
2825:Nergal
2819:Kutha
2748:Ennugi
2727:Amurru
2675:Bilulu
2599:Duttur
2587:Nanshe
2583:Dumuzi
2579:Dumuzi
2517:sukkal
2508:, and
2502:Sippar
2495:Bunene
2483:Ninlil
2433:Birtum
2270:Nisaba
2166:calque
2093:sukkal
2068:Uruk.
2024:Image
1986:Tiamat
1939:pigeon
1859:Kishar
1855:Anshar
1847:Dumuzi
1827:Belili
1815:Tiamat
1792:Image
1757:, and
1727:sukkal
1701:Zababa
1681:Ugarit
1673:Shulgi
1649:Nisaba
1612:sukkal
1599:sukkal
1552:Nippur
1545:Ninlil
1496:Ninazu
1471:Lagash
1457:Nanshe
1426:Nanaya
1379:sukkal
1374:Manzat
1332:Teshub
1321:sukkal
1299:Karkar
1281:Ishkur
1265:Ninlil
1257:Nanshe
1133:Namtar
1128:sukkal
1119:Nergal
1052:Tammuz
1006:Nergal
994:Tigris
968:Saturn
955:Lagash
916:Šulpae
908:Lagash
838:, and
828:Lagash
824:Nippur
809:Ishtar
805:Inanna
785:Sippar
757:Ninlil
746:Harran
715:Yahweh
703:Edessa
566:Marduk
558:jasper
536:Isimud
531:sukkal
528:. His
526:Nanshe
510:Marduk
498:Ishkur
477:E-Abzu
445:, the
443:Marduk
429:Nippur
340:Image
327:, and
317:Inanna
315:, and
274:Marduk
258:Harran
238:Inanna
232:, and
117:barges
113:temple
105:Heaven
44:Isimud
42:, and
32:Inanna
24555:Water
24471:Night
24434:Light
24384:Earth
24379:Death
24364:Chaos
24291:Roman
24224:Māori
24189:Irish
24184:Inuit
24131:Japan
24126:China
24104:Hindu
24067:Greek
24018:Index
23971:Batak
23956:Aztec
23872:S2CID
23365:S2CID
23308:9 May
23270:JSTOR
23027:JSTOR
22915:9 May
22891:9 May
22853:S2CID
22845:JSTOR
22713:S2CID
22460:(PDF)
22429:(PDF)
22175:JSTOR
22143:S2CID
22135:JSTOR
21916:S2CID
21788:S2CID
21778:(2).
21756:S2CID
21748:JSTOR
21581:(PDF)
21548:(PDF)
21416:S2CID
21307:(PDF)
21270:(PDF)
20900:"Laṣ"
20876:S2CID
20868:JSTOR
20536:(PDF)
20507:(PDF)
20328:S2CID
20320:JSTOR
20187:S2CID
20144:(PDF)
20103:(PDF)
19934:9 May
19910:9 May
19748:S2CID
19740:JSTOR
19712:JSTOR
19358:(PDF)
19194:S2CID
19174:(PDF)
18755:Numen
18704:9 May
18478:S2CID
18470:JSTOR
18229:(PDF)
18212:(PDF)
18165:JSTOR
18052:S2CID
18044:JSTOR
17992:JSTOR
17948:JSTOR
17853:S2CID
7210:Torah
7180:king
7164:Judah
7061:Elam
7055:Simut
6920:Elam
6906:Ashur
6871:Susa
6844:Taite
6784:Elam
6772:Taite
6732:Jabru
6694:Šurpu
6682:Agaru
6669:Enzag
6665:Inzak
6595:Ḫabur
6568:kiten
6488:Terqa
6477:Dagan
6461:lahmu
6454:Egypt
6398:Nagar
6353:Tyche
6349:Allat
6341:Hatra
6331:Syria
6297:Larsa
6097:Irbil
6054:Name
5884:Hanbi
5769:Lahmu
5730:Kalhu
5624:Hanbi
5524:Bašmu
5458:Name
5400:semen
5396:rapes
5355:Uruk
5332:Uruk
5243:Kalhu
5171:Šurpu
4951:Shara
4923:Shala
4909:Assur
4902:Šerua
4807:Adab
4783:Larag
4752:Gibil
4738:Nusku
4690:Martu
4637:Nirah
4623:Nintu
4579:Lisin
4545:Venus
4535:Larsa
4461:Ishum
4440:Utab
4327:Nanna
4308:Hydra
4304:Adapa
4296:Gudea
4154:Nammu
4108:Qatna
4008:or a
3990:Martu
3982:Simut
3920:with
3914:mammû
3912:word
3865:gallû
3859:) of
3846:Lumma
3823:Lulal
3767:Kuara
3721:Ashgi
3707:Lisin
3641:Lahar
3606:Urash
3511:Ezida
3447:Kakka
3433:Kabta
3410:Ishum
3319:Eridu
3315:Adapa
3284:Agade
3277:Ilaba
3197:Gudea
3178:lukur
3163:Ḫegir
3147:Assur
3143:Kuara
3120:Kuara
3097:lamma
3093:Gudea
3046:. In
3018:Nusku
3014:Shala
2992:Gibil
2975:galla
2971:galla
2966:galla
2942:kazbu
2934:Šurpu
2907:Uruk
2893:Lahar
2798:Enten
2794:Emesh
2783:5.3.3
2767:Enten
2652:Enten
2648:Emesh
2637:5.3.3
2621:Emesh
2613:sheep
2557:Kesh
2510:Assur
2418:, an
2340:Uruk
2261:Kesh
2255:Aruru
2225:Ashgi
2217:Eridu
2211:Kuara
2185:Agade
2157:Iliad
2152:Dione
2080:Uruk
2021:Name
1972:engur
1960:Nammu
1843:Alalu
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