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The best estimate that can currently be made of the number of repression deaths in 1937–38 is the range 950,000–1.2 million, i.e . about a million. This is the estimate which should be used by historians, teachers and journalists concerned with twentieth century
Russian—and
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780:"First council of people's Commiserate based on the original Soviet decree by Lenin. "Verified by edition: Decrees of the Soviet government. T.I. Moscow, State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1957.""
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for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". The constitution enabled the
Sovnarkom to issue decrees carrying the full force of law when the Congress was not in session. The Congress would
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The first council elected by the Second All-Russian congress was composed by the following 14 members. Eight of the men were executed and one died in prison during the late 1930s, a time of the
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Traditionally, the executive part of a government is directed by a council of ministers nominated by a ruler or by a president. The
Bolsheviks considered this to be a
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Each People's
Commissar was head of commissariat and had several deputies and a collegium, which functioned as a deliberative body to advise the commissar.
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The government was formally called the
Council of People's Commissars (Совет народных коммиссаров), abbreviated as Sovnarkom (Совнарком).
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in 1922, state powers of this institution of the RSFSR were somewhat superseded by the
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institution, and wanted to create what they believed was a new government made up of a 'soviet' of workers and peasants.
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The
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, also elected by the Congress, had a function similar to that of a
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recognized the success of the uprising, and formally established the new government, reflecting the capture of the
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Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
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and leader of the USSR. Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico in 1940.
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The Consul
General at Moscow (Summers) to the Secretary of State
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The decree of the
Council of the People's Commissars on the ...
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Government of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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The role and structure of the Sovnarkom was formalized in the
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People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Interior Affairs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Naval Affairs of the RSFSR
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313:The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (
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362:. On the next day, 8 November 1917, the Second
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795:"Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments"
688:People's Commissariat for Labour of the RSFSR
289:became the head of the new government of the
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327:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
291:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
269:An early Sovnarkom decree, introducing the "
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478:. The first Chairman of the Sovnarkom was
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500:General Secretary of the Communist Party
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32:This article includes a list of general
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1096:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
331:Declaration of the Creation of the USSR
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1208:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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703:People's Commissariat of Nationalities
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1036:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
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999:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
468:these decrees at its next session.
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389:names, thereby avoiding the more "
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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319:Совет народных комиссаров РСФСР
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1746:Russian Provisional Government
1560:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1101:Russian Provisional Government
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628:People's Commissariat for Food
457:1918 Constitution of the RSFSR
348:Russian Provisional Government
309:Council of People's Commissars
295:Council of People's Commissars
212:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
149:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
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2328:1917 establishments in Russia
1225:Socialist Revolutionary Party
972:Ukrainian War of Independence
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1136:Russian Constituent Assembly
1031:Red Army invasion of Georgia
1016:Estonian War of Independence
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440:, abbreviated to narkomat).
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1021:Latvian War of Independence
814:10.1080/0966813022000017177
346:conspired to overthrow the
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2304:Soviet Government Cabinets
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1600:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
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1111:Pro-independence movements
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568:Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
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126:People and organisations
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755:Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov
53:more precise citations.
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238:Alexei Rykov's Cabinet
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1953:of the Russian SFSR
1950:Council of Ministers
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1643:Government of Russia
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987:Polish–Ukrainian War
977:Ukrainian–Soviet War
557:Died in prison 1937
434:Народный комиссариат
323:governmental cabinet
191:Priamurye Government
1237:Union of October 17
1056:Kronstadt rebellion
1051:Workers' Opposition
926:February Revolution
802:Europe-Asia Studies
618:Anatoly Lunacharsky
511:Original incumbent
508:People's Commissar
461:Congress of Soviets
438:Narodny komissariat
358:units captured the
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1505:Stepan Petrichenko
1429:Alexander Kerensky
941:October Revolution
901:Russian Revolution
741:(at first vacant)
652:Assassinated 1940
283:October Revolution
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224:Incoming formation
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172:Opposition cabinet
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1318:Alexander Kolchak
1295:Alexander Guchkov
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861:, Yale University
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1041:Left SR uprising
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113:8 November, 1917
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2350:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2237:
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2216:
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2208:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2184:
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2176:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2099:Vorotnikov II
2097:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2067:Solomentsev I
2065:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1987:Chernousov II
1985:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1947:
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1933:
1930:
1925:
1922:
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1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:International
1546:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Viktor Bilash
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
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1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Nestor Makhno
1493:
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1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Mark Natanson
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Yakov Blumkin
1455:
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1407:
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1402:
1399:
1397:
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1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Joseph Stalin
1379:
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1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1338:Lavr Kornilov
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Pyotr Krasnov
1326:
1324:
1323:Anton Denikin
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Pyotr Wrangel
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
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1199:
1196:
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1191:
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1134:
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1129:
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1102:
1099:
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1094:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1072:
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1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
958:
952:
951:Junker mutiny
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
895:
890:
888:
883:
881:
876:
875:
872:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
844:
840:
839:D.B. Riazonov
835:
828:
827:world—history
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
796:
789:
781:
775:
771:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:Joseph Stalin
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
589:
588:Pavel Dybenko
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
526:
524:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
507:
506:
503:
501:
497:
496:Joseph Stalin
493:
483:
481:
477:
472:
469:
467:
462:
458:
453:
451:
441:
439:
436:, translit.:
431:
427:
423:
420:, translit.:
415:
411:
408:The People's
406:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:Winter Palace
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:
334:
332:
328:
324:
316:
306:
304:
300:
299:Joseph Stalin
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
272:
267:
259:
256:
252:
249:
246:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
217:
213:
208:
203:
200:
196:
192:
187:
182:
181:Ufa Directory
177:
174:
170:
166:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
94:
89:
82:
73:
70:
62:
59:December 2016
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2290:(since 2024)
2287:Mishustin II
2159:(since 1993)
2091:Vorotnikov I
2035:Polyansky II
1979:Chernousov I
1867:
1857:Russian SFSR
1789:Kerensky III
1704:Goremykin II
1520:Fedir Shchus
1462:Boris Kamkov
1406:Alexei Rykov
1371:Leon Trotsky
1158:Green armies
1148:Black Guards
834:
825:
805:
801:
788:
774:
759:Typhus 1928
740:
663:Alexei Rykov
648:Leon Trotsky
603:Viktor Nogin
570:
489:
473:
470:
454:
447:
437:
421:
407:
400:
394:
386:
382:
381:devised the
379:Leon Trotsky
376:
337:
335:
312:
280:
258:Alexei Rykov
103:Russian SFSR
65:
56:
37:
2282:(2020–2024)
2279:Mishustin I
2271:Medvedev II
2218:(1999–2000)
2059:Voronov III
2027:Polyansky I
1971:Rodionov II
1908:Bulganin II
1829:(1918–1920)
1781:Kerensky II
1680:Goremykin I
1530:Fanya Baron
1510:Lev Chernyi
1361:Lev Kamenev
1285:Georgy Lvov
1259:Monarchists
492:Great Purge
393:" terms of
303:Great Purge
244:Predecessor
214:(1918–1921)
209:(1917–1921)
204:(1917–1921)
193:(1920–1923)
188:(1918–1920)
167:(from 1921)
162:(1917–1921)
151:(1917–1918)
110:Date formed
51:introducing
2322:Categories
2302:See also:
2263:Medvedev I
2239:Fradkov II
2154:Government
2123:Silayev II
2051:Voronov II
2003:Puzanov II
1963:Rodionov I
1916:Vakhrushev
1900:Bulganin I
1834:Krivoshein
1821:(Nov 1918)
1818:Vologodsky
1773:Kerensky I
1487:Anarchists
1348:Bolsheviks
1218:Mensheviks
1213:Bolsheviks
1163:Red Guards
1006:Heimosodat
919:Revolution
766:References
410:Commissars
372:Bolsheviks
356:Red Guards
321:) was the
207:Mensheviks
145:Bolsheviks
34:references
2274:(2018–20)
2266:(2012–18)
2258:(2008–12)
2250:(2007–08)
2242:(2004–07)
2231:Fradkov I
2226:(2000–04)
2207:Stepashin
2202:(1998–99)
2191:Kiriyenko
2186:(1996–98)
2178:(1992–96)
2170:(1991–92)
2144:(1991–93)
2118:(1990–91)
2115:Silayev I
2110:(1988–90)
2102:(1985–88)
2094:(1983–85)
2086:(1980–83)
2078:(1975–80)
2070:(1971–75)
2062:(1967–71)
2054:(1963–67)
2046:(1962–63)
2043:Voronov I
2038:(1959–62)
2030:(1958–59)
2022:(1957–58)
2014:(1956–57)
2006:(1955–56)
1998:(1952–55)
1995:Puzanov I
1990:(1951–52)
1982:(1949–51)
1974:(1947–49)
1966:(1946–47)
1955:(1946–91)
1935:(1943–46)
1927:(1940–43)
1919:(1939–40)
1903:(1937–38)
1895:(1930–37)
1887:(1929–30)
1879:(1924–29)
1871:(1917–24)
1860:(1917–46)
1810:(1918–20)
1723:(1916–17)
1707:(1914–16)
1699:(1911–14)
1696:Kokovtsov
1691:(1906–11)
1675:(1905–06)
1664:(1905–17)
1416:Right SRs
1141:elections
960:Civil War
931:July Days
905:Civil War
519:Chairman
450:bourgeois
444:Formation
391:bourgeois
387:commissar
275:Old style
254:Successor
2255:Putin II
2223:Kasyanov
2199:Primakov
1924:Khokhlov
1728:Golitsyn
1688:Stolypin
1449:Left SRs
1230:Left SRs
1126:Red Army
1074:Siberian
822:43510161
396:minister
160:Majority
2215:Putin I
1932:Kosygin
1892:Sulimov
1884:Syrtsov
1855:of the
1765:Lvov II
1712:Stürmer
1659:of the
1251:Figures
1190:Parties
498:, then
430:Russian
414:Russian
402:cabinet
383:council
370:by the
368:soviets
354:, when
339:soviets
325:of the
315:Russian
219:History
47:improve
2247:Zubkov
2107:Vlasov
2019:Kozlov
2011:Yasnov
1757:Lvov I
1749:(1917)
1720:Trepov
1198:Kadets
1089:Groups
1064:Allied
912:Events
820:
514:Death
426:Narkom
183:(1918)
178:(1918)
176:Komuch
99:Russia
36:, but
1876:Rykov
1868:Lenin
1672:Witte
1203:Nabat
818:S2CID
798:(PDF)
424:, or
2146:and
903:and
399:and
385:and
101:(as
841:by
810:doi
494:by
301:'s
2324::
824:.
816:.
806:54
804:.
800:.
482:.
432::
416::
405:.
374:.
317::
305:.
285:,
277:)
1634:e
1627:t
1620:v
893:e
886:t
879:v
812::
782:.
412:(
105:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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