Kakatiya dynasty - Knowledge

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cosmopolitan in origin and funding, did not exist until the Kakatiya period. In the lowlands, where Brahmins were numerous, the temples had long benefited from a desire to build social networks for the purposes of domestic and foreign trade, as well as for obtaining grazing rights in the face of competition; in the uplands, the endowment of the buildings was often associated with the construction and continued maintenance of reservoirs and enabled a different type of networking based on political hierarchies. The strengthening of those hierarchies, which was achieved in part by donating land for the temples and then attending worship, was necessary as the inland agrarian society grew rapidly in number and location.

1434: 2110:, to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king in 1321. Khan's army was riven with internal dissension due to rumours of the king's death, which caused many officers to leave the army. This caused the siege on this occasion to last much longer — six months, rather than the few weeks that had previously been the case. The attackers were initially repulsed and Khan's forces retreated to regroup in Devagiri. Prataparudra celebrated the apparent victory by opening up his grain stores for public feasting. Khan returned in 1323 with his revitalised and reinforced army and, with few supplies left, Prataparudra was 2460: 2023: 2220: 1441: 51: 2276:

much to create a new warrior class,develop social mobility and to extend the influence of the dynasty into areas of its kingdom that previously would have been untouched. The Kakatiya kings, and in particular the last two, encouraged an egalitarian ethos. The entrenched landed nobility that had existed prior to the dynasty found its power to be on the wane; the royal gifting of lands formerly in the possession of nobles to people of lesser status did much to effect this dilution.

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presented himself as a legitimate successor to Prataparudra, by portraying both of them as righteous monarchs, meanwhile reconstructing Prataparudra's life and career favourably. By 1420, Muslim rulers had become accommodated to the Deccan society, and strong dichotomies between Hindus and Muslims were no longer useful. Muslim rulers were no longer conceived as diametrically opposed to the figure of Prataparudra, but rather as rulers of equal status.

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significantly expanded Kakatiya lands during the 1230s when he launched a series of attacks outside the dynasty's traditional Telangana region and thus brought under Kakatiya control the Telugu-speaking lowland delta areas around the Godavari and Krishna rivers. The outcome in the case of all three dynasties, says historian Richard Eaton, was that they "catalysed processes of supralocal identity formation and community building".

7472: 1933: 347: 2657:, then the Kakatiya capital. The Sanskrit inscription recording its foundation in 1163 contains an elaborate genealogy of Rudradeva's ancestry... Since it was the earliest of Rudradeva's inscriptions to omit any mention of the Chalukya dynasty of Kalyani, we can assume that the construction of the temple was meant to mark Rudradeva's new status as an overlord in his own right." 2689:, p. 234): "Vennama, the son of Dāma, led his troops in a defeat of the Turks very probably during Ala-ud-din Khalji's first invasion of Telangana in 1303. This success against the Turkish arms took place in the battle of Upparapalli, where Potuganti Maili is said to have put the enemies to flight." 2624:, p. 234): "Vennama, the son of Dāma, led his troops in a defeat of the Turks very probably during Ala-ud-din Khalji's first invasion of Telangana in 1303. This success against the Turkish arms took place in the battle of Upparapalli, where Potuganti Maili is said to have put the enemies to flight." 2235:

A notable trend during the dynastic period was the construction of reservoirs for irrigation in the uplands, around 5000 of which were built by warrior families subordinate to the Kakatiyas. This dramatically altered the possibilities for development in the sparsely populated dry areas. Many of these

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temples. They are particularly abundant for the period 1175–1324 CE, which is the period when the dynasty most flourished and are a reflection of that. The probability is that many inscriptions have been lost due to buildings falling into disuse and also the ravages of subsequent rulers, most notably

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among the ancestors of Durjaya, the progenitor of the Kakatiya family. The Malkapuram inscription of Visvesvara Sivacharya, the preceptor of Kakatiya rulers Ganapati-deva and Rudrama-devi, also connects the Kakatiyas to the solar dynasty (Sūryavaṃsa). The term "Kshatriya" in these panegyric records

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Tughlaq control of the area lasted only for around a decade. The fall of the Kakatiya dynasty resulted in both political and cultural disarray because of both disparate resistance to the sultanate and dissension within it. The structure of the Kakatiya polity disintegrated and their lands soon fell

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preceptor Ramesvara Panditabefor and established Shaivism as his family's religion. The Shaivism-affiliated personal names of the later Kakatiya kings (such as Rudra, Mahadeva, Harihara, and Ganapati) also indicate a shift towards Shaivism. This, according to Sastry, strengthens the theory that the

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class of Telugu warriors and provided the elite of the Vijayanagara empire with what Talbot has described as a "charter of legitimacy". This work claimed, contrary to all reasonable evidence, that he did not die after being taken prisoner but instead met with the sultan, was recognised as being an

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period. This appears likely to be historical revisionism, dating from a genealogy published by the ruling family in 1703, because it records only eight generations spanning almost four centuries of rule. Such revisionism and tenuous claims of connection to the Kakatiyas was not uncommon because it

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Just as the Yadava and Hoysala dynasties took control of linguistically related areas during the 13th century, so too did the Kakatiyas under the rule of Ganapati. He is also known as Ganapathi Deva and, according to Sastry, reigned between 1199 and 1262; Sircar gives regnal dates of 1199–1260. He

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According to Sastry, Prataparudra I reigned between around 1158 – 1195, while Sircar gives the dates 1163–1195. He was also known as Rudra Deva, Kakatiya Rudradeva, Venkata, and Venkataraya He was the son of Prola II, who had made efforts to assert greater Kakatiya influence on territories in

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title that denoted the warrior status. They recruited peasants into the military which resulted in a new warrior class and provided social mobility. Kakatiya era also saw the development of a distinct style of architecture which improved and innovated upon the existing modes. Most notable examples

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According to Talbot and Eaton, a revisionist interpretation of Prataparudra II himself appeared much sooner, within a few years of his death, and for broadly similar reasons. A stone inscription dated 1330 mentions a Prolaya Nayaka, who was said to have restored order, as in Prataparudra days. He

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The population became more settled in geographic terms. The growth of an agricultural peasant class subsumed many tribal people who previously had been nomadic. The nexus of politics and military was a significant feature of the era, and the Kakatiya recruitment of peasants into the military did

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of ancient Andhra. According to Kakatiya inscriptions, he ruled from a town called Kakati, because of which his family was called Kakatishas ("lords of Kakati"). Not much is known about his successors Gunda I and Gunda II, who ruled during c. 815-865 CE. The Bayyaram tank inscription compares his

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Caste itself seems to have been of low importance as a social identifier. There was a lack of consistency regarding the varna rank of Kakatiyas. In most of their inscriptions, no varna affiliation was specified. In the case of a few where it was specified, they were mostly recorded to have been

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while the former was the haunt of "peasants, artisans and warriors". Under the Kakatiyas, cultural innovation often began in the uplands, was refined in the lowlands and then recycled back into the Deccan. This bi-directional flow of cultural influences brought into being a feeling of cultural

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who had seen his reduced status as an opportunity for independence. Later, though, in 1318, he failed to provide the annual tribute to Delhi, claiming that the potential for being attacked on the journey made it impossible. The succeeding Sultan Mubarak Shah responded by sending another of his

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Another notable architectural feature of the dynasty relates to temples. Even before the arrival of the dynasty, there were large, well-established and well-endowed Hindu places of worship in the relatively populous delta areas; however, the temples of the uplands, which were smaller and less

2006:, dating from the 16th century. His reign began in 1289 (alternative date: 1295) and ended with the demise of the dynasty in 1323. It is described by Eaton as the "first chapter in a larger story" that saw the style of polity in the Deccan change from being regional kingdoms to transregional 2256:. Colonial British administrators found much that appealed to them in the latter works but the Kakatiya inscriptions of Andhra Pradesh, which depict a far wider range of society and events, suggest that the reality was far more fluid and very different from the idealised image. 2066:

that ended with success in February 1310. Prataparudra was forced to make various symbolic acts of obeisance designed to demonstrate his new position as a subordinate but, as was Alauddin's plan, he was not removed as ruler of the area but rather forced thereafter to pay annual

1270:), and had adopted Garuda as their royal insignia. According to Sastry, this corroborates the theory that the Kakatiyas were associated with the Rashtrakuta family. Sastry further speculates that the Kakatiyas may have adopted the Garuda symbol because of Jain influence: the 795:

tank inscription from the reign of Ganapati-deva states that the Kakatiya chief Venna (c. 9th century) resided at Kakati, because of which his descendants came to be known as Kakatishas ("lords of Kakati"). Ganapati-deva's Garavapadu charter traces the family's ancestry to

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after a five-month siege. The unprepared and battle-weary army of Orugallu was finally defeated, and Orugallu was renamed Sultanpur. It seems probable, from combining various contemporary and near-contemporary accounts, that Prataparudra committed suicide near the

1383:(r. c. 1000-1052 CE) accepted the Kalyani Chalukya suzerainty and received from them the fief of Anumakonda (modern Hanamakonda), which later became the Kakatiya capital. He distinguished himself in the Chalukya campaigns against the Cholas, during the reign of 2165:

where nothing of that nature had previously existed. The unification of the distinct upland and lowland cultures was their most significant political achievement, achieved through a process of binding many locally powerful figures in allegiance to the empire.

2099:, with his obeisance on this occasion being arranged by the sultanate to include a very public display whereby he bowed towards Delhi from the ramparts of Orugallu. The amount of his annual tribute was changed, becoming 100 elephants and 12,000 horses. 804:

king of ancient south India, arrived at a town called Kakati during a hunting expedition, and set up his camp there. The modern identity of Kakati is uncertain: different historians have variously attempted to identify it with modern Kakati village in

1953:, who visited India probably some time around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms. She continued the planned fortification of the capital, raising the height of Ganapati's wall as well as adding a second earthen 2524:

He is said to have left for the northeast after anointing Prataparudra's son as king. Thus, the founder of the family fortunes in Bastar may very well have been a Telugu warrior from Telangana who was familiar with the prevalent legends about the

1371:(r. c. 955-995) helped the Vengi Chalukya prince Danarnava ascend the throne after a succession dispute. In 973 CE, after the collapse of the Rashtrakuta empire and the murder of Danarnava, he attempted to carve out an independent principality at 1174:

The significance of the suffix "Rashtrakuta" in the names of the early Kakatiya chiefs is debated. According to one theory, the suffix only implies that these chiefs were Rashtrakuta subordinates. This theory is based on the fact that the phrase

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1052-1076), the son of Beta I, participated in various Chalukya military campaigns, consolidated the Kakatiya control around Anumakonda by defeating local chiefs, and obtained Anumakonda as a hereditary fief. The Chalukya king granted his son

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Much of the information about the Kakatiya period comes from inscriptions, including around 1,000 stone inscriptions, and 12 copper-plate inscriptions. Most of these inscriptions document matters relating to religion, such as donations to

3942: 2296:. The 1123 Govindapuram Jain inscription of Polavasa, another family of feudatory chiefs, contains a similar account of how their ancestor Madhavavarman obtained military strength by the grace of the Jain goddess Yakshesvari. 1947:, also known as Rudramadevi, reigned around 1262–1289 CE (alternative dates: 1261–1295 CE) and is one of the few queens in Indian history. Sources disagree regarding whether she was the widow of Ganapati or his daughter. 1919:

Ganapati was keen to bolster the dynasty's economy. He encouraged merchants to trade abroad, abolishing all taxes except for a fixed duty and supporting those who risked their lives to travel afar. He created the man-made

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tank by Ganapati's sister Mailama (or Mailamba), provides another genealogical list. The similarities of names mentioned in the Mangallu and Bayyaram inscriptions lists suggest that both of these refer to the same family:

667:. Kakatiya period also saw the construction of reservoirs for irrigation in the uplands called "tanks" many of which are still used today. They were egalitarian in nature and anyone, regardless of birth, could acquire the 2558:

from their allegiance to him and told them to become independent kings. The work also claims Vijayanagara to be an ally of Prataparudra, which is clearly anachronistic but served the purpose of elevating the role of the

829:). However, no other evidence supports this tradition. Later, the Kakatiya capital Orugallu (present-day Warangal) was also called "Kakati-pura" ("Kakati town"), as attested by some inscriptions of the dynasty. 863:

region. Inscriptions are still being discovered today but governmental agencies tend to concentrate on recording those that are already known rather than searching for new examples. A 1978 book written by

648:(i.e. Tughluq) in 1323 saw stiff resistance by the Kakatiyan army, but they were finally defeated. The demise of Kakatiya dynasty resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime, before 2177:, of which the Kakatiyas were one. The four dynasties were in a constant state of warfare with each other, with the Kakatiyas eventually exercising control from close to Anagondi in the west to 4054: 970:

Besides epigraphs and literature, the forts, temples and tanks constructed during the Kakatiya period are an important source of information about contemporary society, art and architecture.

837: 1212:, the name of a clan from which some Rashtrakutas claimed descent. He notes that some chiefs of Rashtrakuta origin adopted the title "Viṭṭi-narayana", which means "as great as Narayana ( 2771:, then came into existence. In it was born the king named Prola, who was renowned for being exceedingly judicious.'... , the Kakatiyas are linked with the solar dynasty of the ancient 768:

Although the Hindu mythological texts do not mention any such form of Durga, the worship of a goddess named Kakati is attested by several other sources. For example, Vallabharaya's

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According to Kakatiya inscriptions, the family's name derives from the name of a place called Kakati. However, Kumarasvami Somapithin, in his 15th-century commentary on Vidynatha's

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inscription mentions the reinstallation of the image of goddess Jaganmatruka (mother of the universe) and the lotus seat of the Kakatirajya, which had been destroyed by the

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The regnal years of the early members of the Kakatiya family are not certain. The earliest known Kakatiya chief is Venna or Vanna (r. c. 800-815), who claimed descent from

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who had been selected for that purpose by her father. Having no son as an heir, Rudrama abdicated in favour of her grandson when it became apparent that the expansionist

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language inscription also states that the Kakatiya general Bhairava defeated the Yadava army probably in or after 1263 CE, which may be a reference to his repulsion of

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title to denote warrior statusKshatriy and this they did. There is also little evidence that Kakatiya society paid much regard to caste identities, in the sense of

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Kakatiyas unified the distinct upland and lowland cultures of Telugu lands, which brought into being a feeling of cultural affinity between those who spoke the

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Had three children, including Mummadamba (married Kakati Mahadeva), Rudrama (married Yadava prince Ellana-deva), and Ruyyama (married Induluri Annaya-mantri)

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The following members of the Kakatiya family are known from epigraphic evidence. The rulers are children of their predecessors, unless otherwise specified.

1417:. After the decline of the Chalukya power in the 12th century, they assumed sovereignty by suppressing other Chalukya subordinates in the Telangana region. 605:(r. 1199–1262) significantly expanded Kakatiya lands during the 1230s and brought under Kakatiya control the Telugu-speaking lowland delta areas around the 2799:, pp. 57–58) quotes from the Vilasa grant of Prolaya Nayaka: "hen Prataparudra of the Kakati family ruled, even such celebrated rulers of the past as 2042:

because of the possibility for plunder. The first foray into the Kakatiya kingdom was made in 1303 by Malik Chajju, the nephew of the Indian Muslim Wazir

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for more than two centuries. They assumed sovereignty under Prataparudra I in 1163 CE by suppressing other Chalukya subordinates in the Telangana region.

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The Kakatiya capital at Orugallu, established in 1195, was not forgotten while Ganapati expanded his territory. He organised the building of a massive

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This type of revisionism, which Talbot describes as "social memories" and which persist to the present day, reappeared in the 16th century with the

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was perceived as legitimising the right to rule and a warrior status. Talbot notes that there is a record of a brother called Annamadeva and that:

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was used for officers employed by the Rashtrakuta administration, not feudatory chiefs: the early records of the Kakatiya chiefs describe them as

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The Kakatiyas first issued inscriptions in Kannada that were very closely modelled on those of their imperial overlords, the Chalukyas of Kalyani

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There is a disparity between analysis of inscriptions, of which the work of Cynthia Talbot has been in the vanguard and the traditional works of

3968: 621:, who visited India around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms. She successfully repelled the attacks of 7443: 7438: 7062: 1852: 5886: 1885:

chiefs of the Chalukyas. It is notable that inscriptions were henceforth written using the Kakatiya chiefs' vernacular Telugu rather than the

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The new arrangements did not last long. Taking advantage of a revolution in Delhi that saw the Khalji dynasty removed and the Punjab-born

1433: 7448: 2062:, in an attempt to force Prataparudra into acceptance of a position subordinate to the sultanate at Delhi. Kafur organised a month-long 6491: 1081:). This suggests that Gunda IV was a Rashtrakuta general, and not a Vengi Chalukya subordinate, as assumed by some earlier historians. 2260:

Kshatriyas. A handful of the inscriptions however tried to portray them as kshatriyas. Anyone, regardless of birth, could acquire the

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The area of land under Kakatiya control reached its zenith around the 13th century CE during the rule of Ganapati Deva. By this time,

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around 1157/1158 while doing so. It was during Prataparudra's reign, in 1163, that the Kakatiyas declared an end to their status as

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The 1149 Sanigaram inscription of Prola II is the last known record of the Kakatiyas as vassals. The 1163 Anumakonda inscription of

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appears in several Rashtrakuta-era copper-plate inscriptions, and refers to the officers and subjects of the Rashtrakuta kingdom.

6610: 6514: 5153: 5111: 530: 2823:), which he had up to that time kept under check, flourished under them, as the conditions were very favourable for its growth." 765:. It is possible that the early Kakatiya chiefs resided at a place called Kakati, which had a shrine of their tutelary goddess. 7525: 6539: 4905: 1379:, who had usurped the power from the Rashtrakutas. The Kalyani Chalukya forces probably defeated and killed Gunda IV. His son 7319: 7039: 6665: 6595: 6590: 6380: 5968: 4762: 4742: 4702: 4679: 4655: 4543: 4509: 4486: 4400: 3844: 3707: 3073: 2905: 2492:

and ruled for half a century. Surrounded by more significant states, by the 15th century these new entities had ceded to the

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According to another theory, the suffix implies that the Kakatiyas were a branch of the Rashtrakuta family because the term

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Vishnu with his mount, Garuda, his consort, Lakshmi, and attendants, 12-13th century, Kakatiya period. Kalyani region,

821:, a later literary work, states that the ancestors of the Kakatiya family lived at Kandarapura (identified with modern 523: 326: 4862: 4409:

Chakravarti, Ranabir (1991), "Horse Trade and Piracy at Tana (Thana, Maharashtra, India): Gleanings from Marco Polo",

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that described pre-colonial India in terms of a reverent and static society that was subject to the strictures of the

987:. Many other ruling dynasties of Andhra also claimed descent from Durjaya. Nothing further is known about this chief. 7458: 6868: 6360: 6345: 6335: 5930: 4898: 4791: 4081: 3998: 2895: 2767:, p. 51): "An inscription reads: `The Kakatiya dynasty, praised by the entire world and belonging to the fourth 2669:

referred to the kingdom as Mutfili, which was the name for the area around a major port of the dynasty, now known as

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on the history of the Kakatiyas, published by the Government of Andhra Pradesh also constitutes one of the sources.

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region in present-day India between 12th and 14th centuries. Their territory comprised much of the present day

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Garavapadu plates trace the descent of the dynasty through Karikala, Anitalli's Kaluvacheru grant (A.D. 1423)

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states that Madhavavarman, an ancestor of the Kakatiyas, obtained military strength by the grace of goddess

1216:) of the Vitti (Vrishni) family. Sastry further proposes that the term "Voddi", which appears in the phrase 895:

literary works written during Kakatiya and post-Kakatiya period. The most notable among these works include

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Venkataramanayya, N.; Sarma, M. Somasekhara (1960). "The Kakatiyas of Warangal". In Yazdani, Ghulam (ed.).

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with the Yadava symbols; this varaha may have been stuck on Mahadeva's coins to mark the Kakatiya victory.

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edifices, often called "tanks", including the large examples at Pakala and Ramappa, are still used today.

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among the family's ancestors, epigraphist C.R.K. Charlu theorised that the Kakatiyas were a branch of the

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diamond passed from Kakatiya ownership to that of Alauddin, along with 20,000 horses and 100 elephants.

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the eastern parts of the declining Western Chalukyan empire and who died in a battle fought against the

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996-1051) the Sabbi-1000 province (the historical Sabbi-nadu region with 1000 villages, centered around

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Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998), "Hearing Voices: Vignettes of Early Modernity in South Asia, 1400–1750",

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A brother of Prataparudra II, Annamaraja, has been associated with ruling what eventually became the

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alias Prataparudra I is the earliest known record that describes the Kakatiyas as a sovereign power.

1745: 1682: 1528: 334: 1251:-Beta, and "Garuda" here appears to refer to the family's emblem. In Hindu mythology, Garuda is the 772:

mentions an image of Kakatamma ("Mother Kakati") in the Kakatiya capital Orugallu. The 16th century

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invaded the Kakatiya territory which ended up as a disaster for the Turks. But after the successful

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is represented by the Garuda symbol. However, when the Kakatiyas switched their allegiance to the

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Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"

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installed as sultan, Prataparudra again asserted his independence in 1320. Tughlaq sent his son,

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as their royal insignia, as attested by the Ekamranatha temple inscription of Ganapati-deva, the

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may have been alternate names of Prataparuda I, with the former appearing on a coin in the form

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at least as early as 1053 and suggests an emerging correlation of linguistics and geography. (

998:. Examples include the Bothpur and Vaddamanu inscriptions of Ganapati's general Malyala Gunda 7417: 7397: 7357: 7019: 6506: 6330: 6242: 6217: 6129: 6094: 6058: 5508: 5392: 5363: 5263: 4553: 3697: 2743:. The Yadavas, Hoysalas and Kakatiyas had carved up what had been the area controlled by the 2484:

who served as army chiefs for Kakatiya kingdom united the various Telugu clans and recovered

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reveal that there was no contemporary standard spelling of the family name. Variants include

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The Kakatiya base was the city of Orugallu in the dry uplands of northern Telangana on the

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1.5 miles (2.4 km) in diameter and with an additional 150 feet (46 m)-wide moat.

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Location of the Kakatiyas and neighbouring South Asian polities in 1175, on the eve of the

1414: 1376: 1282: 810: 734:. The family name was often prefixed to the name of the monarch, giving constructs such as 711: 645: 338: 1002:. The Kakatiyas also maintained marital relations with other Shudra families, such as the 8: 7422: 7352: 6999: 6909: 6842: 6786: 6312: 6302: 6282: 6267: 6252: 6222: 6202: 6167: 6104: 5771: 5709: 5161: 4956: 2501: 2103: 1461: 1013:

A few copper-plate inscriptions of the Kakatiya family describe them as belonging to the

785: 594: 479: 419: 291: 1410:). He was succeeded by his sons, first Durga-raja and then Prola II (r. c. 1116–1157). 7382: 7337: 6934: 6919: 6914: 6858: 6297: 6262: 6197: 6134: 6089: 5938: 5520: 5347: 5291: 5247: 4848: 4840: 4720: 4586:

Rao, Velcheru Narayana (2003), "Court, Temple, and Public", in Pollock, Sheldon (ed.),

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appears to signify the family's warrior-like qualities rather than their actual varna.

404: 5960: 2082:

in the south, and he took advantage of that situation to quell some of his vassals in

2022: 7412: 7372: 7009: 6989: 6954: 6929: 6307: 6292: 6287: 6247: 6152: 6124: 6006: 5759: 5755: 5713: 5702: 5680: 5648: 5634: 5319: 4879: 4871: 4852: 4819:"Temples, Donors, and Gifts: Patterns of Patronage in Thirteenth-Century South India" 4797: 4787: 4758: 4738: 4698: 4675: 4651: 4644:

N. Venkataramanayya; P. V. P. Sastry (1957). "The Kākatīyas". In Sharma, R.S. (ed.).

4632: 4615:

Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India through European Eyes, 1250–1625

4539: 4505: 4482: 4442: 4396: 4077: 3994: 3840: 3703: 3676: 3069: 3000: 2901: 2863: 1517: 948: 881: 873: 494: 434: 277: 208: 7407: 7362: 6994: 6979: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6924: 6569: 6355: 6207: 6182: 6177: 6119: 6099: 5644: 5629: 5625: 5578: 5574: 5534: 5500: 5496: 5315: 4830: 4418: 2293: 2284:

Historian P.V.P. Sastry theorizes that the early Kakatiya chiefs were followers of

2174: 1976: 1886: 1552: 1413:

After the decline of the Rashtrakuta power, the Kakatiyas served as vassals of the

1375:. The Mudugonda Chalukyas, whom he had displaced from Kuravi, sought help from the 991: 956: 649: 474: 469: 464: 249: 92: 4867: 4073:

Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One

3977:, p. 160 "An earlier attack on Warangal in 1304 had been unsuccessful.". 1247:. The Bayyaram tank inscription calls the Kakatiya chief Beta I (son of Gunda IV) 7402: 7392: 7367: 7342: 7029: 6949: 6834: 6794: 6712: 6257: 6237: 6046: 5882: 5763: 5721: 5717: 5684: 5656: 5652: 5598: 5504: 5436: 5398: 5204: 4781: 4752: 4732: 4692: 4669: 4645: 4626: 4567: 4499: 4476: 4388: 3063: 2707: 2605: 2497: 2489: 2481: 2219: 2182: 2162: 2079: 2039: 2035: 1999: 1987: 1874: 1616: 1341: 964: 892: 664: 657: 633: 629: 504: 489: 454: 429: 409: 263: 84: 4754:

Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra

2563:, whom it claimed to be ultimately subordinate to Vijayanagara during his time. 1892:

Mahadeva succeeded Prataparudra I as king, reigning probably from 1195 to 1199.

761:

states that the family was named after their tutelary goddess Kakati, a form of

7347: 7200: 7085: 6944: 6881: 6747: 6669: 6227: 6031: 5618: 5491: 5388: 4989: 2736: 2572: 2508: 2477: 2450:(r. c. 1289-1323), son of Mummadamba, tributary to the Delhi Sultanate at times 2224: 2206: 2145: 2137: 2133: 1824: 1809: 1660: 1637: 1505: 1490: 1356:

kingdom around 895 CE. Krishna II captured the Kurravadi (possibly present-day

1293: 1259:. The Rashtrakutas and some other dynasties of Deccan claimed descent from the 1240: 1236: 869: 842: 797: 777: 683: 606: 571: 563: 414: 356: 5038: 2897:

Precolonial India in Practice Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra

2078:

In 1311, Prataparudra formed a part of the sultanate forces that attacked the

1440: 1010:

chiefs. All this evidence indicates that the Kakatiyas were of Shudra origin.

983:

The Kakatiya rulers traced their ancestry to a legendary chief or ruler named

7489: 7230: 7145: 7052: 6717: 6063: 5767: 5570: 5530: 5431: 5414: 5367: 5352: 5338: 5311: 5307: 5267: 5252: 5241: 5193: 4883: 4636: 4527: 2740: 2262: 2210: 2186: 2153: 2149: 2116: 1908:

wall around the city, complete with ramps designed for ease of access to its

1857: 1607: 1598: 1297: 1030: 856: 691: 687: 669: 610: 484: 439: 352: 235: 4801: 4059:. Punjabi University. Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies. 1966. p. 152. 3194:

Sources of the History of India: Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh. Maharashtra. Goa

1990:

was encroaching on the Deccan and might in due course attack the Kakatiyas.

7476: 7235: 7160: 6974: 6876: 6615: 6549: 6433: 5486: 5359: 5259: 5129: 5067: 5032: 5014: 5006: 4950: 4890: 2748: 2670: 2512: 2447: 2436: 2396:

His children included Rudra, Mahadeva, Harihara, Ganapati and Repolla Durga

2178: 2088: 1944: 1937: 1724: 1384: 1340:

The c. 956 CE Mangallu inscription suggests that the Kakatiyas came to the

1022: 814: 614: 2431:

Had two children, including Ganapamba (married Kota Beta) and Rudrama-devi

2156:. According to Rao and Shulman, the latter contained a high proportion of 1360:) region from the Vengi Chalukyas, and probably appointed Gunda III's son 7190: 7150: 6886: 6418: 5907:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

5675: 5668: 5551: 5525: 5333: 5303: 4964: 2728: 2634: 2516: 2170: 2141: 2059: 2050:, which was a disaster due to the resistance of the Kakatiya army in the 1921: 1475: 1326: 1278: 1275: 1208:

Viṣṭi. Historian P.V.P. Sastry theorises that "Viṣṭi" is a corruption of

1059: 826: 773: 509: 4724: 4468: 7225: 7195: 7080: 7047: 6413: 6408: 5737: 5547: 4844: 4430: 2666: 2654: 2411:(r. c. 1158-1195), son of Prola II, became a sovereign Tughlaq'sin 1163 2214: 2072: 2027: 1980: 1950: 1539: 1349: 1003: 801: 695: 679: 618: 579: 444: 2783:

claims were put forth primarily in documents associated with gifts to

2779:

rank of the Kakatiya dynasty is noteworthy, as is the fact that their

7205: 7185: 7180: 7075: 6818: 6802: 6680: 6564: 6388: 5986: 5972: 5480: 4569:

Cultural Heritage of the Kakatiyas: A Medieval Kingdom of South India

2408: 2384: 2337: 2304: 2228: 2092: 2055: 1882: 1866: 1587: 1345: 1321: 1197: 1074: 1073:. The inscription names Gundyana's ancestors as Gundiya-Rashtrakuta ( 1026: 1014: 877: 860: 806: 575: 567: 360: 4835: 4818: 4422: 3248:"Tamil Inscription From Kakatiya Era Found In Medieval AP Port Town" 2999:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (b). 2862:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (b). 2472:

under the control of numerous families from communities such as the

1325:

successors - Gunda I, Gunda II, and Gunda III - to the three Ramas (

7215: 7135: 7125: 7115: 7110: 7090: 6559: 6544: 6438: 6428: 6423: 6393: 5558: 5441: 5299: 5125: 5117: 5071: 5062: 4671:

Some Epigraphical Records of the Medieval Period from Eastern India

2485: 2420:

Had three children, including Ganapati-deva, Mailamba, and Kundamba

2390: 2357: 2300: 1878: 1368: 1334: 1301: 1085: 1070: 1055: 1007: 952: 888: 792: 653: 587: 102: 88: 73: 3957: 2030:

diamond. The diamond was originally owned by the Kakatiya dynasty.

963:

also provides information about Prataparudra's relations with the

780:(Turkic people). According to one theory, Kakati was originally a 7165: 7155: 7140: 6810: 6403: 5639: 5565: 5466: 5447: 5295: 5168: 5121: 5083: 5076: 4786:. Vol. VIII: Yādavas of Seuṇadeśa. Oxford University Press. 2975: 2973: 2609: 2378: 2372: 2285: 2157: 2083: 2068: 1961: 1913: 1905: 1399: 1390: 1267: 1260: 1221: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1193: 1188: 1018: 1017:(warrior) varna. These inscriptions primarily document grants to 822: 781: 641: 559: 122: 106: 3371:. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Archaeology. 1960. 2268: 1364:

as a governor there. Not much is known about Erra's son Betiya.

7210: 7175: 7170: 7130: 7120: 7100: 6322: 5602: 5173: 5088: 5020: 4946: 2543: 2366: 2007: 1984: 1969: 1796: 1380: 1372: 1357: 1286: 1271: 1264: 1256: 1252: 1232: 995: 955:

describe Prataparudra's defeats against the Muslim armies. The

617:(r. 1262–1289) who is one of the few queens in Indian history. 583: 399: 2970: 1932: 738:. Some of the monarchs also had alternate names; for example, 640:

of Warangal in 1310, Prataparudra II was forced to pay annual

7105: 7070: 4734:

History of the Minor Chaḷukya Families in Medieval Andhradesa

4588:

Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia

2948:"Rise and fall of Kakatiyas, turning point in Indian history" 2550:, and was allowed to return to Orugallu. Once back home, the 2547: 2473: 1305: 1292:

Based on Ganapati-deva's Garavapadu inscription, which names

851: 762: 449: 346: 4269: 4267: 3924: 3922: 3880: 3228: 1308:. Therefore, Sastry dismisses Charlu's theory as untenable. 7220: 5133: 4974: 4455:

Desai, V. R. M. (1962), "Savings in Ancient Hindu Polity",

4122: 4120: 2727:

Aside from the Kakatiyas, the dominant Hindu monarchies in

1783: 1448: 1330: 1034: 4315: 4291: 4252: 3743: 3375: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3116: 3114: 3112: 1968:'s invasion. A coin of Mahadeva bears the Kakatiya emblem 4264: 3919: 3675:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 37, 147. 710:

Studies of the inscriptions and coinage by the historian

4439:

Representing the Other? Sanskrit Sources and the Muslims

4411:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

4240: 4180: 4117: 4107: 4105: 3868: 3733: 3731: 3507: 3172: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3087: 3085: 2747:, while the Pandyas controlled lands formerly under the 2537:

hagiography, which claimed him to be the founder of the

1088:

tank inscription, which records the construction of the

4363: 4339: 4327: 4204: 4132: 3858: 3856: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3615: 3567: 3543: 3497: 3495: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3453: 3438: 3414: 3392: 3390: 3347: 3313: 3311: 3284: 3143: 3109: 2387:

alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1108-1116), son of Beta II

2173:

and the Deccan was essentially under the aegis of four

1231:

The Kakatiyas seemed to have adopted the mythical bird

1069:

prince Dānārnava, at the request of the Kakatiya chief

1054:

According to an interpretation of the Mangallu and the

4351: 4279: 4216: 4192: 4156: 4090: 4035: 4007: 3897: 3895: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3603: 3260: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 1062:

vassals, but also a branch of the Rashtrakuta family.

1021:, and appear to be inspired by the genealogies of the 887:

Information about the Kakatiya period also comes from

4595:

Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David, eds. (2002),

4501:

The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History

4228: 4102: 3907: 3755: 3728: 3579: 3216: 3126: 3097: 3082: 4303: 3853: 3627: 3591: 3555: 3531: 3519: 3492: 3465: 3450: 3426: 3402: 3387: 3335: 3323: 3308: 3296: 3272: 3204: 3160: 2815:., Prataparudra set, the world was enveloped in the 2417:(r. c. 1196-1199), son of Prola II, married Bayyama 2328:

Venna, born in the family of Durjaya (r. c. 800-815)

2299:

According to tradition, Prola II was initiated into

2034:

The Kakatiya kingdom attracted the attention of the

1998:

The earliest biography of Rudrama Devi's successor,

788:) and later came to be regarded as a form of Durga. 5900:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 4387:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia, eds. (2006), 4168: 4144: 3892: 3813: 3784: 3767: 3716: 3650: 2917: 2837: 2731:and the Deccan around the 13th century CE were the 2393:(r. c. 1116-1157), son of Beta II, married Muppama 1041: 4861: 4572:. Warangal: District Council for Cultural Affairs. 4504:(Reprinted ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1065:The 956 CE Mangallu inscription was issued by the 625:(Seuna) of Devagiri into the Kakatiyan territory. 4520:Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City 3801: 7487: 4770: 4056:Proceedings - Punjab History Conference Volume 1 3197:. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 167. 2979: 2876: 2752: 2136:. From there they expanded their influence into 2071:to Delhi. It was probably at this time that the 990:Most of the Kakatiya records do not mention the 4647:A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985–1206 4604:Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David (2012), 4526: 3974: 2439:(r. c. 1262-1289), married Chalukya Virabhadra 593:Early Kakatiya rulers served as feudatories to 7444:List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh 7439:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population 4436: 4069: 3940: 3049: 2900:. Oxford University Press. 20 September 2001. 2796: 1050:Kubera, Hoysala-Kakatiya period, 1100-1350 CE. 652:united the various Telugu clans and recovered 7501:States and territories disestablished in 1323 6642: 5946: 4906: 4730: 3886: 3190: 3068:. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. pp. 33, 65. 2811:were completely forgotten."... "hen the Sun, 531: 7454:List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh 4920: 4783:The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII–XI 4710: 4186: 3944:Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers:Volume 19 3668: 2992: 2855: 2500:, the latter of which evolved to become the 7449:List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh 5881: 4697:(Reprinted ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, 4631:. Hyderabad: Government of Andhra Pradesh. 4408: 4386: 4258: 3958:Marmaduke Pickthall, Muhammad Asad (1981). 3928: 2674: 586:. Their capital was Orugallu, now known as 7496:States and territories established in 1163 6649: 6635: 5953: 5939: 4913: 4899: 4606:Srinatha: The Poet Who Made Gods and Kings 4603: 4594: 4389:"The expansion of Turkic power, 1180–1350" 4273: 4138: 4126: 3986: 2942: 2119:while being taken as a prisoner to Delhi. 1058:inscriptions, the Kakatiyas were not just 538: 524: 49: 6601:List of urban agglomerations in Telangana 6596:List of cities in Telangana by population 4834: 4773:The Early Muslim Expansion in South India 4478:A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761 3065:The Art and Architecture of the Kākatīyas 2181:in the north-east, and down to Kanei and 1311: 1029:inscription of Ganapati counts legendary 55:Map of the Kakatiyas, circa 1150–1300 CE. 5895: 2458: 2218: 2021: 1931: 1045: 836: 6611:List of urban local bodies in Telangana 4779: 4555:History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D. 4494: 4457:The Indian Journal of Political Science 3830: 3828: 3609: 2428:(r. c. 1199-1262), married Somala-devi 2381:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1076-1108) 2010:that survived until the arrival of the 947:. Chronicles by Muslim authors such as 613:rivers. Ganapati Deva was succeeded by 14: 7488: 6336:Rachakonda-Bhuvanagiri, Hyderabad East 5904: 5470:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism 4859: 4816: 4750: 4687: 4664: 4643: 4621: 4612: 4551: 4357: 4321: 4297: 4285: 4246: 4234: 4222: 4210: 4111: 4076:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 95. 3874: 3862: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3722: 3699:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765 3656: 3644: 3621: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3486: 3474: 3459: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3408: 3396: 3381: 3353: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3137: 3120: 3103: 3091: 3041: 2930: 2843: 2764: 2686: 2650: 2638: 2621: 1975:Rudrama was married to Virabhadra, an 1743: 1706: 1691: 1680: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1574: 1561: 1437: 1367:As a Rashtrakuta vassal, Betiya's son 705: 6630: 5934: 5872: 5667: 5484: 5413: 5386: 5337: 5332: 4894: 4597:Classical Telugu Poetry: An Anthology 4579:History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh 4517: 4474: 4454: 4369: 4345: 4333: 4309: 4198: 4174: 4162: 4150: 4096: 4041: 4013: 3913: 3901: 3837:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History 3819: 3807: 3795: 3778: 3695: 3061: 3045: 3024: 3020: 3018: 3016: 2711: 2161:affinity between those who spoke the 1889:that had prevailed until that point. 1754: 1734: 1667: 1658: 1647: 1585: 1550: 1515: 1097:Genealogical list of early Kakatiyas 872:stone inscription from Kakatiya king 7531:12th-century establishments in India 4522:, Southern Illinois University Press 3825: 2095:-like machines. Prataparudra had to 1537: 1526: 1446: 1239:inscription of the Kakatiya general 6591:List of cities in Telangana by area 4585: 4576: 4565: 3834: 2882: 2402: 2319: 2122: 1836: 24: 4810: 3696:Eaton, Richard M. (25 July 2019). 3013: 2991:For a map of their territory see: 2369:alias Garuda Beta (r. c. 996-1051) 2308:early Kakatiya chiefs were Jains. 1993: 1459: 25: 7542: 7459:List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh 4566:Rao, S. Nagabhushan, ed. (1993). 2360:alias Pindi-Gunda (r. c. 955-995) 1912:from within. A moat and numerous 1425: 7470: 6658: 5962: 5853: 5844: 5835: 5826: 5817: 5808: 5799: 5790: 5780:References and sources for table 4870:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 4599:, University of California Press 4590:, University of California Press 3839:. Primus Books. pp. 56–58. 3672:A Historical Atlas of South Asia 3669:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 3062:Singh, B. Satyanarayana (1999). 2996:A Historical atlas of South Asia 2993:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 2859:A Historical Atlas of South Asia 2856:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 2790: 2706:, appeared as a synonym for the 1439: 1432: 1420: 1042:Relationship to the Rashtrakutas 345: 296: 282: 268: 254: 240: 215: 201: 29:12th–14th century Indian dynasty 4751:Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001), 4731:Suryanarayana, Kolluru (1986), 4379: 4063: 4047: 4019: 3980: 3951: 3934: 3689: 3662: 3359: 3240: 3184: 3055: 3035: 2758: 2721: 2716:States Reorganisation Act, 1956 2692: 2680: 2660: 2644: 2627: 2615: 2192: 1927: 1263:clan (associated with Vishnu's 6606:List of districts in Telangana 4878:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 4481:, Cambridge University Press, 4437:Chattopadhyaya, B. D. (1998), 4395:, Cambridge University Press, 4028:Gujarat State Gazetteer:Part 1 2985: 2936: 2888: 2849: 2590: 1289:symbol used by the Chalukyas. 13: 1: 7526:Empires and kingdoms of India 4771:Ventakaramanayya, N. (1942), 3961:Islamic Culture:Volumes 55-56 2830: 1860:invasion of the subcontinent. 1403: 1394: 1225: 149: 6935:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema 5909:, Cambridge University Press 5877:, Cambridge University Press 5607:Decline of Buddhism in India 5044:Northern Black Polished Ware 4823:The Journal of Asian Studies 4817:Talbot, Cynthia (May 1991). 4617:, Cambridge University Press 2583: 2311: 2127: 1158:Betiya (married Vandyanamba) 644:to Delhi. Another attack by 7: 6995:Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore 5875:An Introduction to Hinduism 4757:, Oxford University Press, 4538:(4th ed.), Routledge, 3975:Kulke & Rothermund 2004 2566: 2334:Gunda II (r. c. ?-865) 2279: 1895: 755:Prataparudra-Yashobhushanam 562:that ruled most of eastern 10: 7547: 6135:Asaf Jahi dynasty (Nizams) 5898:Hinduism. Past and present 5768:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 5726:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 5118:Rise of Shramana movements 4625:(1978). N. Ramesan (ed.). 4561:, Guntur: P. G. Publishers 4475:Eaton, Richard M. (2005), 3702:. Penguin UK. p. 38. 3025:T. V., Mahalingam (1957). 2243: 2196: 2152:rivers that feed into the 2017: 2012:British East India Company 1204:was born in the family of 1105:Bayyaram tank inscription 1102:Mangallu grant inscription 973: 945:Velugotivari-vamsacharitra 832: 7467: 7431: 7328: 7275: 7244: 7061: 7038: 6895: 6867: 6776: 6688: 6676: 6583: 6505: 6447: 6379: 6321: 6143: 6082: 5994: 5979: 5905:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), 5777: 5674: 5653:Pandyan kingdom (revival) 5638: 5617: 5592: 5564: 5524: 5519: 5460: 5346: 5281: 5239: 5218: 5202: 5191: 5184: 5167: 5151: 5137: 5108: 5101: 5047: 5029: 5026:Painted Grey Ware culture 5011: 5003: 4987: 4963: 4960: 4955: 4942: 4937: 4928: 4628:The Kākatiyas of Warangal 4613:Rubiés, Joan-Pau (2000), 4608:, Oxford University Press 4552:Prasad, G. Durga (1988), 3947:. Andhra Pradesh (India). 2454: 1077:) and Eriya-Rashtrakuta ( 978: 312: 180: 176: 166: 156: 143: 139: 131: 121: 113: 98: 80: 68: 60: 48: 43: 36: 6341:Cyberabad-Hyderabad West 5873:Flood, Gavin D. (1996), 5462:"Golden Age of Hinduism" 5427:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom 5343:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty 5104:Persian-Greek influences 4922:Middle kingdoms of India 4860:Talbot, Cynthia (2018). 4674:, Abhinav Publications, 4623:Sastry, P. V. Parabhrama 2633:Kakatiya coins bore the 1285:, they also adopted the 1192:(feudatory chiefs). The 7378:Western Chalukya Empire 6188:Jayashankar Bhupalpally 5896:Michaels, Axel (2004), 5594:Late-Classical Hinduism 4694:Studies in Indian Coins 4259:Asher & Talbot 2006 4070:Satish Chandra (2004). 3993:. KK Nair. p. 63. 3941:M. v Rajagopal (1976). 3929:Asher & Talbot 2006 3835:Sen, Sailendra (2013). 2944:Dr. Mamidi, Harikrishna 2745:Western Chalukya Empire 1916:were also constructed. 1200:states that his father 1168:Pindi-Gunda (Gunda IV) 905:Panditaradhya-charitamu 574:, and parts of eastern 223:Western Chalukya Empire 145:• Earliest rulers 6507:Municipal corporations 6158:Komaram Bheem Asifabad 4980:Middle Gangetic Plain 4876:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4775:, University of Madras 4441:, New Delhi: Manohar, 4274:Rao & Shulman 2012 4139:Rao & Shulman 2002 4127:Rao & Shulman 2012 3237:, pp. 11, 17, 19. 3191:Siba Pada Sen (1978). 2578:Kakatiya Kala Thoranam 2554:says, he released the 2535:Prataparudra Caritramu 2527: 2468: 2465:Kakatiya Kala Thoranam 2232: 2203:Thousand Pillar Temple 2112:forced into submission 2031: 2004:Prataparudra Caritramu 1941: 1312:Early feudatory chiefs 1184:Rashtrakuta-kutumbinah 1177:Rashtrakuta-kutumbinah 1051: 941:Velugotivari-vamsavali 846: 676:Thousand Pillar Temple 168:• Disestablished 7418:Sultanate of Golconda 7398:Eastern Ganga dynasty 7358:Vishnukundina dynasty 6905:Alluri Sitharama Raju 5509:Western Ganga Dynasty 5376: 1st century BCE 5364:Early Pandyan kingdom 5329: 2nd century BCE 5289:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE) 5283:Preclassical Hinduism 5264:Early Pandyan kingdom 5236: 3rd century BCE 5181: 4th century BCE 5148: 5th century BCE 5058: 6th century BCE 4983:Lower Gangetic Plain 4971:Upper Gangetic Plain 2980:Ventakaramanayya 1942 2753:Ventakaramanayya 1942 2552:Prataparudra Caritamu 2522: 2462: 2331:Gunda I (r. c. 815-?) 2222: 2199:Kakatiya architecture 2052:Battle of Upparapalli 2025: 2014:in the 18th century. 1935: 1196:Darga inscription of 1049: 961:Kumara-Ramana-charita 917:Niti-sastra-muktavali 840: 819:Siddheshvara-Charitra 736:Kakatiya-Prataparudra 632:, the emperor of the 500:Sultanate of Golconda 81:Common languages 7521:History of Telangana 7315:Wildlife sanctuaries 6985:Parvathipuram Manyam 6827:Rose-ringed parakeet 6163:Bhadradri Kothagudem 5859:Michaels (2004) p.41 5850:Michaels (2004) p.40 5832:Michaels (2004) p.39 5814:Michaels (2004) p.39 5751:Kamboja-Pala dynasty 5383: 1st century CE 4737:, B. R. Publishing, 4518:Kalia, Ravi (1994), 4031:. 1989. p. 164. 3752:, pp. 119, 124. 3384:, pp. 2, 39–40. 2819:darkness. The evil ( 2797:Chattopadhyaya (1998 2480:. As early as 1330, 2044:Nusrat Khan Jalesari 1853:class=notpageimage| 1283:Chalukyas of Kalyani 1090:Dharma-kirti-samudra 937:Palnativira-charitra 929:Siddhesvara-charitra 712:Dineshchandra Sircar 387:History and Kingdoms 7423:Vijayanagara Empire 7353:Salankayana dynasty 6787:Maa Telugu Thalliki 5710:Rashtrakuta dynasty 5162:Shaishunaga dynasty 5112:Second Urbanisation 4957:Indo-Gangetic Plain 4532:Rothermund, Dietmar 4393:India before Europe 4324:, pp. 192–193. 4300:, pp. 177–182. 3987:K. K. Nair (2013). 3050:Chattopadhyaya 1998 2946:(19 October 2023). 2502:Vijayanagara empire 2290:Siddhesvara-charita 2104:Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq 2087:Gujarati generals, 1352:'s invasion of the 1243:, and Vidyanatha's 1128:Gundiya Rashtrakuta 1098: 1025:. For example, the 884:in Andhra Pradesh. 706:Etymology and names 480:Vijayanagara Empire 292:Vijayanagara Empire 158:• Established 7511:Dynasties of India 7383:Rashtrakuta Empire 7338:Satavahana dynasty 6851:Banginapalli Mango 6575:Meerpet–Jillelguda 6233:Medchal-Malkajgiri 5841:Hiltebeitel (2002) 5823:Hiltebeitel (2002) 5521:Hephthalite Empire 5357:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 5348:Satavahana dynasty 5334:Indo-Greek Kingdom 5257:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 5248:Satavahana dynasty 5221:Spread of Buddhism 4943:Northwestern India 4866:. In Fleet, Kate; 4863:"Kākatīya dynasty" 4536:A History of India 3990:By Sweat and Sword 3887:Suryanarayana 1986 3877:, pp. 50, 73. 3253:The Times of India 3048:, pp. 26–27; 2958:on 19 October 2023 2704:language of Andhra 2596:Sanskrit: काकतीय; 2494:Bahamani Sultanate 2469: 2233: 2032: 1942: 1348:, who died during 1096: 1052: 847: 784:goddess (possibly 558:: Kākatīya) was a 351:Chronology of the 7483: 7482: 7373:Eastern Chalukyas 6624: 6623: 6331:Hyderabad central 6110:Western Chalukyas 5928: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5760:Eastern Chalukyas 5756:Kalyani Chalukyas 5714:Eastern Chalukyas 5703:Gurjara-Pratihara 5696: 9th century 5681:Eastern Chalukyas 5664: 8th century 5649:Eastern Chalukyas 5635:Mlechchha dynasty 5614: 7th century 5596:(ca. CE 650-1100) 5543: 6th century 5516: 5th century 5476: 4th century 5422: 3rd century 5410: 2nd century 5320:Mahayana Buddhism 5287:"Hindu Synthesis" 5154:Persian conquests 5039:Shramanic culture 4975:Ganga-Yamuna doab 4764:978-0-19803-123-9 4744:978-8-17018-330-3 4704:978-8-12082-973-2 4681:978-8-17017-096-9 4657:978-81-7007-121-1 4545:978-0-41532-920-0 4511:978-0-52154-329-3 4488:978-0-52125-484-7 4402:978-0-52180-904-7 4372:, pp. 28–29. 4348:, pp. 27–28. 4336:, pp. 26–27. 4249:, pp. 30–36. 4213:, pp. 50–52. 4201:, pp. 15–16. 4187:Subrahmanyam 1998 4165:, pp. 14–15. 4099:, pp. 20–21. 4044:, pp. 18–19. 4016:, pp. 17–18. 3846:978-9-38060-734-4 3709:978-0-14-196655-7 3624:, pp. 48–49. 3576:, pp. 39–42. 3552:, pp. 37–39. 3516:, p. 19, 25. 3489:, pp. 20–21. 3447:, pp. 18–19. 3423:, pp. 17–18. 3356:, pp. 27–29. 3293:, pp. 12–13. 3181:, p. 22, 37. 3157:, pp. 22–23. 3123:, pp. 24–25. 3075:978-81-86050-34-7 2907:978-0-19-803123-9 2599: 2448:Prataparudra-deva 2375:(r. c. 1052-1076) 2340:(died before 900) 2288:. A story in the 2064:siege of Orugallu 2026:A replica of the 1977:Eastern Chalukyan 1715: 1700: 1415:Kalyani Chalukyas 1377:Kalyani Chalukyas 1172: 1171: 1165:Kakartya Gundyana 1150:Eriya Rashtrakuta 933:Somadeva-rajiyamu 882:Prakasam district 599:Western Chalukyas 548: 547: 495:Bahmani Sultanate 435:Eastern Chalukyas 378:Political history 320: 319: 308: 307: 304: 303: 278:Bahmani Sultanate 228: 227: 209:Eastern Chalukyas 16:(Redirected from 7538: 7506:Kakatiya dynasty 7477:India portal 7475: 7474: 7473: 7408:Musunuri Nayakas 7388:Kakatiya dynasty 7363:Chalukya dynasty 6663: 6662: 6661: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6628: 6627: 6570:Bandlaguda Jagir 6323:Commissionerates 6273:Rajanna Sircilla 6193:Jogulamba Gadwal 6120:Musunuri Nayakas 5967: 5966: 5965: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5932: 5931: 5910: 5901: 5892: 5883:Hiltebeitel, Alf 5878: 5860: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5842: 5839: 5833: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5803: 5797: 5794: 5645:Badami Chalukyas 5640:Adivasi (tribes) 5630:Empire of Harsha 5626:Vakataka dynasty 5579:Kalabhra dynasty 5575:Badami Chalukyas 5566:Adivasi (tribes) 5535:Kalabhra dynasty 5501:Kalabhra dynasty 5497:Andhra Ikshvakus 5464:(ca. CE 320-650) 5448:Adivasi (tribes) 5316:Smarta Tradition 5169:Adivasi (tribes) 5084:Adivasi (tribes) 4940:cultural period 4935: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4865: 4856: 4838: 4805: 4776: 4767: 4747: 4727: 4707: 4684: 4661: 4640: 4618: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4577:Rao, P. (1994), 4573: 4562: 4560: 4548: 4534:, eds. (2004) , 4523: 4514: 4491: 4471: 4463:(1/4): 268–276, 4451: 4433: 4405: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4115: 4109: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 4004: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3916:, pp. 9–11. 3911: 3905: 3899: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3782: 3776: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3463: 3457: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3269:, pp. 8–12. 3264: 3258: 3257: 3256:. 2 August 2021. 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3141: 3135: 3124: 3118: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3059: 3053: 3052:, pp. 57–59 3039: 3033: 3032: 3022: 3011: 3010: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2954:. Archived from 2940: 2934: 2928: 2915: 2914: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2824: 2794: 2788: 2762: 2756: 2725: 2719: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2675:Chakravarti 1991 2664: 2658: 2648: 2642: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2597: 2594: 2467:(Warangal Gate). 2403:Sovereign rulers 2320:Feudatory chiefs 2175:Hindu monarchies 2123:Characterization 2097:submit once more 2048:Fakhruddin Jauna 1887:Kannada language 1847: 1845: 1831: 1816: 1801: 1788: 1775: 1763: 1761: 1752: 1750: 1741: 1739: 1729: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1665: 1663: 1656: 1654: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1621: 1619: 1612: 1610: 1603: 1601: 1594: 1592: 1583: 1581: 1572: 1570: 1559: 1557: 1548: 1546: 1535: 1533: 1524: 1522: 1510: 1497: 1481: 1470: 1468: 1457: 1455: 1444: 1443: 1436: 1405: 1396: 1228:section below). 1099: 1095: 921:Nrutya-ratnavali 748:Venkata-Kakatiya 650:Musunuri Nayakas 552:Kakatiya dynasty 540: 533: 526: 475:Pemmasani Nayaks 460:Kakatiya dynasty 349: 322: 321: 300: 299: 286: 285: 272: 271: 258: 257: 250:Musunuri Nayakas 244: 243: 232: 231: 219: 218: 205: 204: 198: 197: 182: 181: 151: 105:(Converted from 53: 38:Kakatiya dynasty 34: 33: 21: 7546: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7471: 7469: 7463: 7427: 7403:Gajapati Empire 7393:Velanati Chodas 7368:Pallava dynasty 7343:Andhra Ikshvaku 7324: 7271: 7240: 7057: 7034: 6891: 6863: 6835:Great Snakehead 6772: 6684: 6672: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6625: 6620: 6579: 6501: 6443: 6375: 6317: 6139: 6078: 6047:Telugu language 5990: 5975: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5929: 5924: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5863: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5813: 5809: 5804: 5800: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5770: 5766: 5764:Medieval Cholas 5762: 5758: 5749: 5724: 5722:Medieval Cholas 5720: 5718:Pandyan kingdom 5716: 5712: 5687: 5685:Pandyan kingdom 5683: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5628: 5605: 5599:Advaita Vedanta 5597: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5550: 5537: 5533: 5507: 5505:Kadamba Dynasty 5503: 5499: 5490: 5469: 5465: 5437:Western Satraps 5399:Kuninda Kingdom 5391: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5356: 5350: 5341: 5318: 5290: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5256: 5250: 5187:Greek conquests 5120: 5116: 5042: 5036: 5024: 5018: 4972: 4944: 4939: 4924: 4919: 4872:Rowson, Everett 4836:10.2307/2057210 4813: 4811:Further reading 4808: 4794: 4765: 4745: 4705: 4682: 4658: 4558: 4546: 4512: 4489: 4449: 4423:10.2307/3632243 4403: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4368: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4320: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4272: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4173: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4068: 4064: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3956: 3952: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3900: 3893: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3833: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3785: 3777: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3736: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3466: 3458: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3225:, pp. 3–6. 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3144: 3136: 3127: 3119: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3044:, p. 178; 3040: 3036: 3023: 3014: 3007: 2990: 2986: 2982:, pp. 1–2. 2978: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2952:Telangana Today 2941: 2937: 2929: 2918: 2908: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2795: 2791: 2763: 2759: 2726: 2722: 2708:Telugu language 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2665: 2661: 2649: 2645: 2632: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2569: 2498:Sangama dynasty 2490:Delhi Sultanate 2482:Musunuri Nayaks 2457: 2405: 2322: 2314: 2282: 2246: 2217: 2197:Main articles: 2195: 2183:Ganjam district 2163:Telugu language 2130: 2125: 2040:Alauddin Khalji 2036:Delhi Sultanate 2020: 2000:Prataparudra II 1996: 1994:Prataparudra II 1988:Alauddin Khalji 1930: 1898: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1769: 1764: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1720: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1633: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1438: 1428: 1423: 1331:Dasharatha-Rama 1314: 1113:Durjaya family 1110:Kakatiya family 1044: 1023:Imperial Cholas 981: 976: 965:Kampili kingdom 925:Pratapa-charita 901:Krida-bhiramamu 897:Prataparudriyam 835: 770:Krida-bhiramamu 708: 665:Telugu language 658:Delhi Sultanate 634:Delhi Sultanate 630:Alauddin Khalji 582:, and southern 544: 515: 514: 505:Hyderabad State 490:Gajapati Empire 470:Recherla Nayaks 465:Musunuri Nayaks 455:Velanati Chodas 430:Pallava dynasty 410:Andhra Ikshvaku 395: 382: 364: 297: 283: 269: 264:Delhi Sultanate 255: 241: 216: 202: 172:9 November 1323 169: 159: 146: 91: 87: 56: 39: 30: 23: 22: 18:Kakatiya Empire 15: 12: 11: 5: 7544: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7481: 7480: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7348:Ananda Gotrika 7345: 7340: 7334: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7300:National parks 7297: 7292: 7287: 7281: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7201:Tadepalligudem 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7086:Chilakaluripet 7083: 7078: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7005:Sri Sathya Sai 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6901: 6899: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6882:Coastal Andhra 6879: 6873: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6853: 6848: 6845: 6840: 6837: 6832: 6829: 6824: 6821: 6816: 6813: 6808: 6805: 6800: 6797: 6792: 6789: 6784: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6670:Andhra Pradesh 6654: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6631: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6487:National Parks 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6453: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6385: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6327: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6095:Vishnukundinas 6092: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5958: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5902: 5893: 5879: 5869: 5862: 5861: 5852: 5843: 5834: 5825: 5816: 5807: 5798: 5788: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5753: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5678: 5673: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5623: 5621: 5619:Indo-Sassanids 5616: 5610: 5609: 5591: 5583: 5582: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5494: 5492:Varman dynasty 5483: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5459: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5396: 5393:Indo-Parthians 5389:Indo-Scythians 5385: 5379: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5345: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5280: 5272: 5271: 5245: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5224: 5217: 5209: 5208: 5205:HISTORICAL AGE 5200: 5199: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5136: 5107: 5100: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5074: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5046: 5028: 5010: 5002: 4994: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4968: 4967: 4965:Southern India 4962: 4961:Central India 4959: 4954: 4941: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4918: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4868:Krämer, Gudrun 4857: 4829:(2): 308–340. 4812: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4792: 4777: 4768: 4763: 4748: 4743: 4728: 4708: 4703: 4685: 4680: 4662: 4656: 4641: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4563: 4549: 4544: 4528:Kulke, Hermann 4524: 4515: 4510: 4496:Jackson, Peter 4492: 4487: 4472: 4452: 4448:978-8173042522 4447: 4434: 4417:(3): 159–182, 4406: 4401: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4362: 4360:, p. 175. 4350: 4338: 4326: 4314: 4302: 4290: 4288:, p. 177. 4278: 4263: 4251: 4239: 4227: 4225:, p. 174. 4215: 4203: 4191: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4116: 4114:, p. 176. 4101: 4089: 4082: 4062: 4046: 4034: 4018: 4006: 3999: 3979: 3967: 3950: 3933: 3918: 3906: 3891: 3889:, p. 163. 3879: 3867: 3852: 3845: 3824: 3812: 3800: 3783: 3766: 3764:, p. 184. 3754: 3742: 3740:, p. 130. 3727: 3715: 3708: 3688: 3681: 3661: 3649: 3626: 3614: 3612:, p. 578. 3602: 3590: 3588:, p. 199. 3578: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3491: 3479: 3464: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3401: 3386: 3374: 3358: 3346: 3334: 3322: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3142: 3140:, p. 197. 3125: 3108: 3106:, p. 196. 3096: 3094:, p. 241. 3081: 3074: 3054: 3034: 3031:. p. 150. 3028:Seuna-Kakatiya 3012: 3005: 2984: 2969: 2935: 2916: 2906: 2887: 2875: 2868: 2848: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2789: 2757: 2720: 2691: 2679: 2659: 2643: 2626: 2614: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2573:Ramappa Temple 2568: 2565: 2509:princely state 2456: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2412: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2349: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2321: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2281: 2278: 2250:Vedic Hinduism 2245: 2242: 2225:Ramappa Temple 2207:Ramappa Temple 2194: 2191: 2138:Coastal Andhra 2134:Deccan Plateau 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2080:Pandyan empire 2054:. In 1309 the 2046:of Delhi, and 2019: 2016: 1995: 1992: 1960:A fragmentary 1929: 1926: 1897: 1894: 1875:Velanati Choda 1851: 1850: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1476: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426:Prataparudra I 1424: 1422: 1419: 1354:Vengi Chalukya 1313: 1310: 1294:Karikala Chola 1245:Prataparudriya 1241:Recharla Rudra 1170: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1067:Vengi Chalukya 1043: 1040: 1033:kings such as 980: 977: 975: 972: 909:Sivayogasaramu 843:Andhra Pradesh 834: 831: 798:Karikala Chola 759:Prataparudriya 707: 704: 684:Ramappa Temple 572:Andhra Pradesh 560:Telugu dynasty 546: 545: 543: 542: 535: 528: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 425:Vishnukundinas 422: 417: 415:Ananda Gotrika 412: 407: 402: 396: 393: 392: 389: 388: 384: 383: 381: 380: 375: 369: 366: 365: 357:Andhra Pradesh 350: 342: 341: 335:Andhra Pradesh 331: 330: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 294: 288: 287: 280: 274: 273: 266: 260: 259: 252: 246: 245: 238: 229: 226: 225: 220: 212: 211: 206: 194: 193: 188: 178: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 147: 144: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 125: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 100: 96: 95: 82: 78: 77: 70: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 41: 40: 37: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7543: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7516:Telugu people 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7478: 7466: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432:Related lists 7430: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7305:Hindu temples 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231:Visakhapatnam 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7146:Machilipatnam 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7053:Visakhapatnam 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7025:West Godavari 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7015:Visakhapatnam 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6940:East Godavari 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6682: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6652: 6647: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584:Related lists 6582: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6313:Y.Bhuvanagiri 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5956: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5856: 5847: 5838: 5829: 5820: 5811: 5802: 5793: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5776: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5672: 5670: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5571:Vishnukundina 5569: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5531:Vishnukundina 5529: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5432:Kushan Empire 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415:Kushan Empire 5411: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5353:Sangam period 5349: 5344: 5340: 5339:Shunga Empire 5335: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5312:Brahma Sutras 5309: 5308:Bhagavad Gita 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5253:Sangam period 5249: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5242:Maurya Empire 5237: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5188: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5113: 5106: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5009: 5008: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4911: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4814: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4793:9788170691259 4789: 4785: 4784: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4766: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719:(3): 75–104, 4718: 4714: 4709: 4706: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4689:Sircar, D. C. 4686: 4683: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4666:Sircar, D. C. 4663: 4659: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4564: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4507: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4371: 4366: 4359: 4354: 4347: 4342: 4335: 4330: 4323: 4318: 4312:, p. 22. 4311: 4306: 4299: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4276:, p. 16. 4275: 4270: 4268: 4261:, p. 43. 4260: 4255: 4248: 4243: 4237:, p. 24. 4236: 4231: 4224: 4219: 4212: 4207: 4200: 4195: 4188: 4183: 4177:, p. 12. 4176: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4153:, p. 14. 4152: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4129:, p. 17. 4128: 4123: 4121: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4098: 4093: 4085: 4083:9788124110645 4079: 4075: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4057: 4050: 4043: 4038: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4010: 4002: 4000:9788173049736 3996: 3992: 3991: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3963: 3962: 3954: 3946: 3945: 3937: 3931:, p. 40. 3930: 3925: 3923: 3915: 3910: 3904:, p. 16. 3903: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3865:, p. 73. 3864: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3822:, p. 21. 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3798:, p. 17. 3797: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3781:, p. 13. 3780: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3763: 3758: 3751: 3746: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3724: 3719: 3711: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3692: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3647:, p. 36. 3646: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3623: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3600:, p. 46. 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3564:, p. 39. 3563: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3540:, p. 37. 3539: 3534: 3528:, p. 45. 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3504:, p. 21. 3503: 3498: 3496: 3488: 3483: 3477:, p. 20. 3476: 3471: 3469: 3462:, p. 19. 3461: 3456: 3454: 3446: 3441: 3435:, p. 17. 3434: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3411:, p. 30. 3410: 3405: 3399:, p. 16. 3398: 3393: 3391: 3383: 3378: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3344:, p. 27. 3343: 3338: 3332:, p. 29. 3331: 3326: 3320:, p. 51. 3319: 3314: 3312: 3305:, p. 53. 3304: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3281:, p. 12. 3280: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3224: 3219: 3213:, p. 23. 3212: 3207: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3169:, p. 22. 3168: 3163: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3122: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3100: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3077: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3030: 3029: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2988: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2933:, p. 25. 2932: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2891: 2885:, p. 22. 2884: 2879: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2846:, p. 26. 2845: 2840: 2836: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2683: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2611: 2608:: కాకతీయులు; 2607: 2603: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2561:Paadmanayakas 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2463:Ruins of the 2461: 2449: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426:Ganapati-deva 2424: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2223:13th century 2221: 2216: 2212: 2211:Warangal Fort 2208: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2154:Bay of Bengal 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2120: 2118: 2117:Narmada River 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2029: 2024: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1925: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1868: 1859: 1858:Ghurid Empire 1854: 1846: 1844: 1832: 1830: 1817: 1815: 1802: 1800: 1789: 1787: 1776: 1774: 1762: 1760: 1751: 1749: 1740: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1717: 1703: 1701: 1688: 1686: 1677: 1675: 1664: 1655: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1593: 1582: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1558: 1556: 1547: 1545: 1534: 1532: 1523: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1498: 1496: 1483: 1480: 1469: 1467: 1456: 1454: 1442: 1435: 1421:As sovereigns 1418: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1401: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1320:, legendary 1319: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1298:Telugu Chodas 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1048: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1031:solar dynasty 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 988: 986: 971: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 876:was found in 875: 871: 867: 866:P.V.P. Sastry 862: 858: 857:Mughal Empire 853: 844: 839: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 764: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 703: 701: 697: 693: 692:Golconda Fort 689: 688:Warangal Fort 686:in Palampet, 685: 681: 677: 672: 671: 666: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603:Ganapati Deva 600: 596: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 541: 536: 534: 529: 527: 522: 521: 519: 518: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 485:Reddy dynasty 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 440:Chola dynasty 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 391: 390: 386: 385: 379: 376: 374: 371: 370: 368: 367: 362: 358: 354: 353:Telugu people 348: 344: 343: 340: 336: 333: 332: 328: 324: 323: 315: 313:Today part of 311: 295: 293: 290: 289: 281: 279: 276: 275: 267: 265: 262: 261: 253: 251: 248: 247: 239: 237: 236:Reddi Kingdom 234: 233: 230: 224: 221: 214: 213: 210: 207: 200: 199: 196: 195: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 179: 175: 171: 165: 161: 155: 148: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 52: 47: 42: 35: 32: 27: 19: 7387: 7236:Vizianagaram 7161:Narasaraopet 7020:Vizianagaram 6877:North Andhra 6723:Demographics 6679: 6616:India Portal 6555:Jawaharnagar 6550:Peerzadiguda 6434:Secunderabad 6381:Major cities 6243:Nagarkurnool 6218:Mahabubnagar 6114: 6052:Language day 6017:Demographics 6002:Architecture 5985: 5906: 5897: 5887: 5874: 5865: 5864: 5855: 5846: 5837: 5828: 5819: 5810: 5801: 5792: 5784: 5783: 5747:Pala dynasty 5733:10th century 5732: 5695: 5663: 5613: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5542: 5515: 5487:Gupta Empire 5485: 5475: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5421: 5409: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5360:Early Cholas 5351: 5328: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5260:Early Cholas 5251: 5240: 5235: 5226: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5203: 5194:Nanda empire 5192: 5180: 5147: 5138: 5109: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5057: 5048: 5033:Vedic Period 5030: 5015:Vedic Period 5012: 5007:Vedic Period 5004: 4998: 4997: 4988: 4951:Sapta Sindhu 4938:Timeline and 4875: 4826: 4822: 4782: 4772: 4753: 4733: 4716: 4712: 4693: 4670: 4646: 4627: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4568: 4554: 4535: 4519: 4500: 4477: 4460: 4456: 4438: 4414: 4410: 4392: 4380:Bibliography 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4293: 4281: 4254: 4242: 4230: 4218: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4141:, p. 4. 4134: 4092: 4072: 4065: 4055: 4049: 4037: 4027: 4021: 4009: 3989: 3982: 3970: 3960: 3953: 3943: 3936: 3909: 3882: 3870: 3836: 3815: 3803: 3757: 3745: 3725:, p. 2. 3718: 3698: 3691: 3671: 3664: 3659:, p. 6. 3652: 3617: 3610:Yazdani 1960 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3509: 3482: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3377: 3368:Arch. Series 3367: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3262: 3251: 3242: 3230: 3218: 3206: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3099: 3064: 3057: 3037: 3027: 2995: 2987: 2960:. 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1389: 1385:Someshvara I 1366: 1339: 1315: 1291: 1274:of the Jain 1248: 1244: 1230: 1217: 1187: 1183: 1181: 1176: 1173: 1121: 1089: 1083: 1064: 1053: 1012: 999: 989: 982: 969: 960: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 886: 874:Prataparudra 848: 818: 815:Chhattisgarh 790: 769: 767: 758: 754: 752: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 709: 668: 662: 627: 615:Rudrama Devi 595:Rashtrakutas 592: 551: 549: 459: 420:Salankayanas 191:Succeeded by 190: 185: 31: 26: 7191:Rajahmundry 7151:Madanapalle 7096:Dharmavaram 6887:Rayalaseema 6492:Sanctuaries 6419:Mahbubnagar 6278:Ranga Reddy 6253:Narayanapet 6213:Mahabubabad 6105:Rastrakutas 6090:Satavahanas 5891:, Routledge 5772:Rashtrakuta 5676:Pala Empire 5669:Kabul Shahi 5552:Kabul Shahi 5526:Alchon Huns 5304:Mahabharata 5227:Pre-history 5140:Pre-history 5050:Pre-history 4358:Talbot 2001 4322:Talbot 2001 4298:Talbot 2001 4286:Talbot 2001 4247:Sastry 1978 4235:Sastry 1978 4223:Talbot 2001 4211:Talbot 2001 4112:Talbot 2001 3875:Rubiés 2000 3863:Rubiés 2000 3762:Talbot 2001 3750:Prasad 1988 3738:Sircar 1979 3723:Sastry 1978 3657:Sastry 1978 3645:Sastry 1978 3622:Sastry 1978 3598:Sastry 1978 3586:Sharma 1957 3574:Sastry 1978 3562:Sastry 1978 3550:Sastry 1978 3538:Sastry 1978 3526:Sastry 1978 3514:Sastry 1978 3502:Sastry 1978 3487:Sastry 1978 3475:Sastry 1978 3460:Sastry 1978 3445:Sastry 1978 3433:Sastry 1978 3421:Sastry 1978 3409:Sastry 1978 3397:Sastry 1978 3382:Sastry 1978 3354:Sastry 1978 3342:Sastry 1978 3330:Sastry 1978 3318:Talbot 2001 3303:Talbot 2001 3291:Sastry 1978 3279:Sastry 1978 3267:Sastry 1978 3235:Talbot 2001 3223:Sastry 1978 3211:Sastry 1978 3179:Sastry 1978 3167:Sastry 1978 3155:Sastry 1978 3138:Sharma 1957 3121:Sastry 1978 3104:Sharma 1957 3092:Sircar 2008 3042:Talbot 2001 2931:Sastry 1978 2844:Talbot 2001 2729:South India 2639:Prasad 1988 2635:Nandinagari 2539:Padmanayaka 2517:British Raj 2515:during the 2171:South India 2060:Malik Kafur 1922:Pakhal Lake 1714:(RATNAPURA) 1652:GAHADAVALAS 1479:QARA KHITAI 1327:Parashurama 1279:Shantinatha 1276:tirthankara 1060:Rashtrakuta 855:the Muslim 827:Maharashtra 774:Shitap Khan 744:Venkataraya 578:, northern 510:British Raj 405:Satavahanas 186:Preceded by 7490:Categories 7320:Waterfalls 7226:Vijayawada 7196:Srikakulam 7081:Bhimavaram 7048:Vijayawada 7040:Metropolis 7000:Srikakulam 6910:Anakapalli 6708:Government 6535:Ramagundam 6520:Karimnagar 6497:Waterfalls 6414:Ramagundam 6409:Karimnagar 6361:Ramagundam 6346:Karimnagar 6303:Wanaparthy 6283:Sangareddy 6268:Peddapalli 6223:Mancherial 6203:Karimnagar 6168:Hanamkonda 6130:Qutb Shahi 6037:Government 5785:References 5738:Ghaznavids 5548:Nezak Huns 4581:, Sterling 4370:Eaton 2005 4346:Eaton 2005 4334:Eaton 2005 4310:Eaton 2005 4199:Eaton 2005 4175:Eaton 2005 4163:Eaton 2005 4151:Eaton 2005 4097:Eaton 2005 4042:Eaton 2005 4014:Eaton 2005 3914:Eaton 2005 3902:Eaton 2005 3820:Kalia 1994 3808:Desai 1962 3796:Eaton 2005 3779:Eaton 2005 3682:0226742210 3046:Eaton 2005 3006:0226742210 2962:30 October 2869:0226742210 2831:References 2809:Bhagiratha 2773:kshatriyas 2712:Eaton 2005 2702:, meaning 2667:Marco Polo 2655:Hanamkonda 2525:Kakatiyas. 2215:Kota Gullu 2108:Jauna Khan 2073:Koh-i-Noor 2028:Koh-i-Noor 2008:sultanates 1981:Nidadavolu 1979:prince of 1951:Marco Polo 1936:Statue of 1711:KALACHURIS 1696:KALACHURIS 1672:KACHCHAPA- 1544:GHAZNAVIDS 1531:CHAHAMANAS 1520:CHAULUKYAS 1464:KARAKHANID 1451:South Asia 1408:Vemulavada 1350:Krishna II 1218:Voddi-kula 1145:Gunda III 802:Sangam age 696:Kota Gullu 680:Hanamkonda 646:Ulugh Khan 619:Marco Polo 580:Tamil Nadu 445:Kota Vamsa 114:Government 72:Orugallu ( 7246:Transport 7206:Tadipatri 7186:Proddatur 7181:Palakollu 7076:Anantapur 6920:Annamayya 6915:Anantapur 6897:Districts 6819:Blackbuck 6803:Kuchipudi 6768:Transport 6743:Education 6703:Geography 6681:Amaravati 6678:Capital: 6565:Badangpet 6530:Nizamabad 6515:Hyderabad 6399:Nizamabad 6389:Hyderabad 6356:Nizamabad 6298:Vikarabad 6263:Nizamabad 6198:Kamareddy 6173:Hyderabad 6145:Districts 6115:Kakatiyas 6100:Chalukyas 6083:Dynasties 6032:Geography 6027:Education 5987:Hyderabad 5973:Telangana 5689:Kalachuri 5481:Kidarites 4884:1873-9830 4853:161557646 4691:(2008) , 4637:252341228 2781:kshatriya 2698:The term 2598:romanised 2584:Footnotes 2488:from the 2385:Durgaraja 2338:Gunda III 2312:Genealogy 2305:Kalamukha 2294:Padmakshi 2229:Telangana 2128:Geography 2093:trebuchet 2058:general, 2002:, is the 1883:feudatory 1867:Rudradeva 1843:SULTANATE 1759:KAMARUPAS 1748:NAGVANSIS 1699:(TRIPURI) 1685:CHANDELAS 1579:KAKATIYAS 1568:CHALUKYAS 1555:PARAMARAS 1346:Gunda III 1322:chieftain 1249:Garudamka 1198:Durgaraja 1138:Gunda II 1075:Gunda III 1027:Motupalli 1015:Kshatriya 878:Motupalli 861:Telangana 807:Karnataka 786:Padmavati 778:Turushkas 720:Kakatiyya 656:from the 628:In 1303, 576:Karnataka 568:Telangana 394:Dynasties 373:Geography 361:Telangana 339:Telangana 99:Religion 44:1163–1323 7413:Bahmanis 7310:Churches 7267:Seaports 7262:Roadways 7258:Railways 7254:Airports 7216:Tirupati 7136:Kakinada 7126:Hindupur 7116:Guntakal 7111:Gudivada 7091:Chittoor 7010:Tirupati 6990:Prakasam 6955:Kakinada 6930:Chittoor 6791:Language 6738:Politics 6713:Language 6560:Nizampet 6545:Boduppal 6540:Warangal 6457:Churches 6439:Suryapet 6429:Adilabad 6424:Nalgonda 6394:Warangal 6371:Warangal 6366:Siddipet 6308:Warangal 6293:Suryapet 6288:Siddipet 6248:Nalgonda 6153:Adilabad 6125:Bahmanis 6059:Politics 5885:(2002), 5559:Maitraka 5444:kingdom 5442:Kamarupa 5300:Ramayana 5126:Buddhism 5072:Panchala 5063:Gandhara 5023:culture) 4990:IRON AGE 4874:(eds.). 4802:59001459 4725:20027508 4713:Daedalus 4668:(1979), 4498:(2003), 4469:41853935 2883:Rao 1993 2785:brahmans 2739:and the 2737:Hoysalas 2637:script.( 2612:: ಕಾಕತೀಯ 2602:kākatīya 2567:See also 2496:and the 2486:Warangal 2415:Mahadeva 2391:Prola II 2358:Gunda IV 2301:Shaivism 2280:Religion 2158:Brahmins 2146:Godavari 2056:Gujarati 1966:Mahadeva 1914:bastions 1910:ramparts 1896:Ganapati 1879:Gonka II 1738:KARNATAS 1640:HOYSALAS 1628:KADAMBAS 1369:Gunda IV 1335:Balarama 1302:Kashyapa 1237:Palampet 1226:Religion 1189:samantas 1131:Gunda I 1086:Bayyaram 1071:Gunda IV 1056:Bayyaram 1019:Brahmans 1008:Natavadi 1006:and the 953:Firishta 913:Nitisara 889:Sanskrit 793:Bayyaram 716:Kakatiya 674:are the 654:Warangal 607:Godavari 588:Warangal 327:a series 325:Part of 117:Monarchy 103:Hinduism 89:Sanskrit 74:Warangal 7330:History 7277:Tourism 7166:Nellore 7156:Nandyal 7141:Kurnool 6980:Palnadu 6970:Nandyal 6965:Kurnool 6960:Krishna 6925:Bapatla 6869:Regions 6843:Jasmine 6811:Kabaddi 6777:Symbols 6758:Tourism 6748:Cuisine 6733:Economy 6728:Culture 6698:History 6525:Khammam 6477:Mosques 6472:Temples 6449:Tourism 6404:Khammam 6351:Khammam 6208:Khammam 6183:Jangaon 6178:Jagtial 6074:Tourism 6042:History 6022:Economy 6012:Culture 6007:Cuisine 5982:Capital 5866:Sources 5657:Pallava 5588:Culture 5467:Puranas 5456:Culture 5296:Puranas 5277:Culture 5214:Culture 5130:Ājīvika 5122:Jainism 5097:Culture 5077:Magadha 4999:Culture 4845:2057210 4431:3632243 2821:adharma 2817:Turuska 2805:Nabhaga 2741:Pandyas 2733:Yadavas 2610:Kannada 2478:Velamas 2474:Reddies 2379:Beta II 2373:Prola I 2364:Nripati 2355:Nripati 2344:Nripati 2303:by the 2286:Jainism 2244:Society 2179:Kalyani 2150:Krishna 2084:Nellore 2069:tribute 2018:Decline 1962:Kannada 1906:granite 1829:EMIRATE 1771:EASTERN 1662:GUHILAS 1618:PANDYAS 1566:WESTERN 1466:KHANATE 1453:1175 CE 1400:Beta II 1391:Prola I 1318:Durjaya 1268:Krishna 1261:Vrishni 1255:of god 1222:Jainism 1214:Krishna 1210:Vrishni 1206:Samanta 1202:Beta II 1194:Kazipet 985:Durjaya 974:History 957:Kannada 859:in the 845:, India 833:Sources 823:Kandhar 740:Venkata 732:Kakatya 700:Ghanpur 642:tribute 623:Yadavas 611:Krishna 363:history 132:History 107:Jainism 93:Kannada 69:Capital 64:Dynasty 7211:Tenali 7176:Ongole 7171:Nuzvid 7131:Kadapa 7121:Guntur 7101:Kadiri 7063:Cities 6950:Guntur 6839:Flower 6815:Animal 6795:Telugu 6763:Sports 6753:Cinema 6718:People 6690:Topics 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