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1138:, a Portuguese who came in 1522 after having visited the Italian cities of the Renaissance. The city of Vijayanagar, he says, is as "large as Rome and very beautiful to the sight"; it is full of charm and wonder with its innumerable lakes and waterways and fruit gardens. It is "the best-provided city in the world" and "everything abounds." The chambers of the palace were a mass of ivory, with roses and lotuses carved in ivory at the top--"it is so rich and beautiful that you would hardly find anywhere, another such.
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fifteenth century. The great majority of the houses were naturally small and undistinguished, but among them were scattered palaces, temples, public buildings, wide streets of shops shaded by trees, busy markets, and all the equipment of a great and wealthy city. The principal buildings were constructed in the regular Hindu style, covered with ornamental carving, and the fragments which have survived suffice to give point to the enthusiastic admiration of the men who saw the city in the days of its magnificence.
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631:, Parvati (Pampa) pursued her ascetic lifestyle to win over and bring ascetic Shiva back into householder life on the banks of Tungabhadra river, on Hemakuta hill, now a part of Hampi. Shiva is also called Pampapati (lit. "husband of Pampa"), and the river came to be known as Pampa river. The Sanskrit word Pampa morphed into the Kannada word Hampa, and the place Parvati pursued what she wanted came to be known as Hampe or Hampi. Its Hindu significance also comes from the
609:. The city rapidly grew from being an ancient pilgrimage centre in the 13th century, to the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in the early 14th century, and becoming a metropolis of approximately 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) by the early 16th century. By 1500 CE, It became the world's second largest city, after Beijing. Memoirs by foreigners estimate the population was about 500,000, but others find this estimate to be either generous or too conservative.
748:, mass confusion within the Vijayanagara forces and a shock defeat. The Sultanate army then reached Vijayanagara, looted, destroyed and burnt it down to ruins over a period of several months. This is evidenced by the quantities of charcoal, the heat-cracked basements and burnt architectural pieces found by archaeologists in Vijayanagara region. The urban Vijayanagara was abandoned and remained in ruins ever since. Vijayanagara never recovered from the ruins.
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rich and very beautiful—The city is such that "eye has not seen nor ear heard of any place resembling it upon earth", says Abdur-Razzak from
Central Asia. There were arcades and magnificent galleries for the bazaars, and rising above them all was the palace of the king surrounded by "many rivulets and streams flowing through channels of cut stone, polished and even." The whole city was full of gardens, and because of them, as an Italian visitor in 1420,
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1158:, known in that context as the Ruins of Hampi. In recent years there have been concerns regarding damage to the site at Hampi from heavy vehicular traffic and the construction of road bridges in the vicinity. Hampi was listed as a "threatened" World Heritage Site by the UNESCO but was later removed from the list after appropriate corrective measures were taken.
669:, first those of Alauddin Khalji and later of Muhammad bin Tughlaq invaded and pillaged South India. The Hoysala Empire and temple cities such as those in Halebidu, Belur and Somanathapura were plundered in early 14th century. From the ruins of this collapse and destruction emerged Vijayanagara Empire and its new capital Vijayanagara. The city was founded by
1129:
After Timur's sack of Delhi, North India remained weak and divided. South India was better off, and the largest and most powerful of the southern kingdoms was
Vijayanagar. This state and city attracted many of the Hindu refugees from the north. From contemporary accounts, it appears that the city was
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Vijayanagara was founded from these ruins by the
Sangama brothers, who were working as soldiers in the Kampili Kingdom under Kampalidevaraya. The city grew rapidly. The Vijayanagara-centred empire functioned as a barrier to the Muslim sultanates in the north, leading to the reconstruction of Hindu
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The massive walls, which can still be traced, enclosed an area of more than sixty square miles, much of which was occupied by fields and gardens watered by canals from the river. The population cannot be estimated with precision, but it was certainly very large when judged by the standards of the
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states that
Vijayanagara was arguably one of the only three centres during this period with a population of over 100,000 in South India and that from the contemporary accounts and what remains of its expanse, the city proper and the suburbs had a population of 500,000 to 600,000. He notes that
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Archaeological evidence suggests that while the urban settlement was abandoned, a number of rural settlement in the metropolitan region were not fully emptied. Some population remained in the region (though there is no good assessment of how much), and a number of settlements founded in the
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The city was a powerful urban centre in South India from 14th to 16th century and one of the ten largest cities of the world. It stood as a bastion of Hindu values dedicated to fighting back the encroachments of the Muslim sultans from the north, who soon came to be operating from
1165:
writing two years after the
Vijayanagara Empire's military defeat in 1565 describes the city after its ruin, "is not altogether destroyed, yet the houses stand still, but emptie , and there is dwelling in them nothing, as is reported, but Tygres and other wild beasts."
755:
writing two years after the empire's defeat states that "The Citie of
Bezeneger (Vijayanagara) is not altogether destroyed, yet the houses stand still, but empty, and there is dwelling in them nothing, as is reported, but Tygres and other wild beasts."
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in the 10th century. It became the most powerful urban centre in the Deccan between 14th to 16th centuries and one of the ten largest cities of the world. The
Renaissance Portuguese and Persian traders reported it as a marvellous achievement.
1694:, Quote: "When battle was joined in January 1565, it seemed to be turning in favor of Vijayanagara - suddenly, however, two Muslim generals of Vijayanagara changes sides. Rama Raya was taken prisoner and immediately beheaded."
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allowed one sultan to stay in power rather than let it split into smaller kingdoms. However, later
Vijayanagara kings had to contend with multiple Sultanates to their north. The Vijayanagara kingdom befriended and allowed the
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Prior to its founding, Hindus and kings of various kingdoms visited Hampi. Hoysala Empire's Hindu kings built and supported the Hampi pilgrimage centre before the 14th century. At the start of the 14th century, the armies of
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The architecture of the capital, Vijayanagara, is purposefully aligned with the natural features of the city from the time of Rama. Vijayanagara was founded around the religious Hindu temple complex, Pampa Tirtha, and
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Hampi
Vijayanagara in early 16th century. The sacred centre featured major Hindu temples and attached markets; the urban core included the royal centre; suburban satellites were spread from what is now Gangawati to
1597:
Catherine B Asher (1985), Islamic
Influence and the Architecture of Vijayanagara, in A. L. Dallapiccola et al (Eds), Vijayanagara: City and Empire— New Currents of Research, Weisbaden: Steiner Verlag, pp.
661:. The Hampi area has many close resemblances to the place described in the epic. Traditionally understood to be the place described in the Ramayana, the region attracts many pilgrims.
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life and scholarship, multi-religious activity, rapid infrastructure improvements, and economic activity. Along with Hinduism, Vijayanagara accepted communities of other faiths such as
1663:, Quote: "In its peak of glory, ca. 1500, with a population of about 500,000 and sixty square miles in area, Vijayanagara was the second largest city in the world behind Beijing."
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566:, leading to multi-religious monuments and mutual influences. Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers state Vijayanagara to be a prosperous and wealthy city.
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Lycett, Mark T.; Morrison, Kathleen D. (2013). "The Fall of Vijayanagara Reconsidered: Political Destruction and Historical Construction in South Indian History 1".
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Vijayanagara kaalada Sainyavyavasthe matthu Yuddhanithi, Dr.S.Y.Somashekhar, 2009, Sanchike Prakashana, Kannada University, Hampi, Vidyaranya, 583 276, Bellary Dist.
1125:(city). As the prosperous capital of the largest and most powerful kingdom of its time in South India, Vijayanagara attracted people from all around the world.
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Hampi, an ancient human settlement mentioned in Hindu texts, houses pre-Vijayanagara temples and monuments. In the early 14th century, the dominant
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Wars between nearby Muslim Sultanates and Hindu Vijayanagara continued, however, through the 16th century. In 1565, the Vijayanagara leader
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Karnatakada Birudaavaligalu, Dr.S.Y.Somashekhar, 2014, Prasaranga, Kannada University, Hampi, Vidyaranya, 583 276, Bellary Dist.
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in 1565 CE, fought about 175 kilometres (109 mi) north. It resulted in the capture and beheading of Vijayanagara leader
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1706:, pp. 98, Quote: "Husain (...) ordered him beheaded on the spot, and his head stuffed with straw (for display).".
584:. The conquered capital city of Vijayanagara was looted and destroyed for 6 months, after which it remained in ruins.
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and western territories of the Bahamani Sultanate. The sultanates united against the Vijayanagara Empire.
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Traveller memoirs before 1565 CE record it as a large and developed metropolitan area. The Italian
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Fritz, John M. (1986). "Vijayanagara: Authority and Meaning of a South Indian Imperial Capital".
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Verghese, Anila; Eigner, Dieter (1998). "A Monastic Complex in Vithalapura, Hampi Vijayanagara".
1225:, a small temple town to the southeast of the Royal Centre, also houses an archaeological museum.
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This article is about the ruined city in India. For the 14th to 16th century empire, see
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Dallapiccola, Anna (1998). "Gods, Patrons and Images: Stone Sculpture at Vijayanagara".
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By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second largest medieval era city (after
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An ongoing war between Muslim Sultanates and the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire led to the
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was captured and killed, and the city fell to a coalition of Muslim Sultanates of the
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621:. The name of the city centre, Hampi, is derived from Pampa, another name of goddess
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The earliest known map of Vijayanagara, based on drawings of 1785, published in 1820
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Polities and Power: Archaeological Perspectives on the Landscapes of Early States
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Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra
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512:, and others around these districts. A part of Vijayanagara ruins known as the
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Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the successor states
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writes, the circumference of the city was sixty miles. A later visitor was
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Vijayanagara Voices: Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature
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804: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Verghese, Anila (2004). "Deities, cults and kings at Vijayanagara".
1318:, (Directorate of Archaeology and Museums), Govt. of Karnataka, 1995
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The city was already a sacred site of pilgrimage for devotees of
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region, were invaded and plundered by armies of Khalji and later
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Archaeology, Art and Religion: New Perspectives on Vijayanagara
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Archaeology, Art and Religion: New Perspectives on Vijayanagara
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1793:, J. Fritz et al (eds.), VPR Monograph, Manohar, pages 423–434
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Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition
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A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives
1925:. Directorate of Archaeology & Museums. pp. 112–113.
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The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650
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The Puffin History of India for Children, 3000 BC – AD 1947
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Vijayanagara is located in the modern era Indian state of
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Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
504:, it spread over a large area and included sites in the
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Nationalism and Imperialism in South and Southeast Asia
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The Origins of Religious Violence: An Asian Perspective
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Vijayanagara period remain occupied up to the present.
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2313:"Hampi no more on list of endangered heritage sites"
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Hampi: The fabled capital of the Vijayanagara Empire
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657:, and the monkey army in their search for kidnapped
496:. Vijayanagara was the capital city of the historic
2397:
New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara
2334:(4th ed.). New York: David McKay. p. 177.
2330:Moreland, W. H.; Chatterjee, Atul Chandra (1962) .
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1721:
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New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara
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Monuments spread Vijayanagara and nearby districts.
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1966:The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate
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1841:
1612:
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2457:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara
2254:Falconer, Steven E.; Redman, Charles L. (2009).
2078:. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 200.
1939:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara
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1608:
1606:
1604:
1500:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara
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2351:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22, 23.
1117:The name translates as "City of Victory", from
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2016:
1942:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32.
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1503:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19.
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2023:. Oxford University Press. pp. 281–282.
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1764:. Oxford University Press. pp. vi–viii.
1616:Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction
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716:. The Bahamanis had later disintegrated into
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2218:Van Dyke, Ruth M.; Alcock, Susan E. (2008).
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1892:Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2016).
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712:was involved in repeated conflicts with the
2260:. University of Arizona Press. p. 37.
2108:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209.
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1473:. Oxford University Press. pp. 38–39.
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1676:Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004).
1367:Vijayanagara Empire: Ruins to Resurrection
1186:had estimated its size at 100,000 houses.
1038:
1024:
257:
62:Virupaksha Temple, Vijayanagara, Karnataka
3929:Cities and towns in Vijayanagara district
2395:J.M. Fritz; George Michell, eds. (2001).
2380:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1912:
1791:Vijayanagara: Archaeological Explorations
1407:
820:Learn how and when to remove this message
2548:) is being considered for deletion. See
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1898:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 75–76.
1807:(1st ed.). Routledge. p. 141.
1757:
1666:
1517:
1314:Sosale Srinivasachar & T.S. Satyan,
1231:, a city and railhead, to the southwest.
831:
679:
591:
2414:Fritz, John M; Michell, George (2016).
2238:
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1395:Buradikatti, Kumar (19 November 2020).
876:Political history of medieval Karnataka
587:
484:) was a city at the modern location of
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1271:List of largest monoliths in the world
1051:Vijayanagara ruins in the 19th century
363:Archaeological Survey of India – Hampi
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2224:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 29.
2158:
2046:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
1919:Devaraj, D. V.; Patil, C. S. (1987).
1703:
1550:
1341:Hampi Ruins Described and Illustrated
27:. For the district in Karnataka, see
2131:
2071:
2037:
1789:KD Morrison and CM Sinopoli (2006),
1397:"Ballari set to lose Hampi and more"
802:adding citations to reliable sources
773:
452:
422:
114:
81:
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1969:. Penguin Books. pp. 155–157.
1864:. Delhi: Eicher Goodearth Ltd, for
1853:
478:
13:
2048:. Primus Books. pp. 103–106.
1922:Vijayanagara, Progress of Research
1266:List of colossal sculpture in situ
14:
3945:
3909:Archaeological sites in Karnataka
2552:to help reach a consensus. ›
2517:
2075:Landscapes and Landforms of India
1329:, (Performing Arts Mumbai, 2001)
3894:Former populated places in India
2594:
1805:Paradigms in Indian Architecture
1245:
1099:
1087:
1073:
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859:
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720:which formed a Deccan alliance.
625:in Hindu theology. According to
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106:
80:
73:
56:
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2197:10.1080/1468936042000282726812a
2176:
2010:
1956:
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1354:The Ruins of Hampi:Travel Guide
789:needs additional citations for
3899:Former capital cities in India
2648:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate
2460:. Cambridge University Press.
2439:. Cambridge University Press.
1996:. Penguin Books. p. 195.
1866:Archaeological Survey of India
1388:
763:
500:. Located on the banks of the
1:
3914:World Heritage Sites in India
3729:List of people from Karnataka
2537:
2524:Vijayanagara Research Project
2345:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2002).
1651:. Lexington. pp. 11–14.
1619:. McFarland. pp. 77–78.
1565:10.1525/aa.1986.88.1.02a00030
1538:10.1080/02666030.1998.9628555
1381:
1343:, (Laurier Books Ltd., 1998)
1286:Medieval City of Vijayanagara
3825:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award
2132:Kohn, George Childs (2013).
2102:Jackson, William J. (2002).
1862:World Heritage Series: Hampi
243:Groups of Monuments at Hampi
94:Location in Karnataka, India
7:
2502:. Oxford University Press.
2481:. Oxford University Press.
1238:
1211:, on the north side of the
1169:Recent commentaries state:
635:chapters of the Hindu epic
514:Group of Monuments at Hampi
10:
3950:
3924:Destroyed populated places
2376:Eaton, Richard M. (2006).
2138:. Routledge. p. 526.
1682:. Routledge. p. 191.
1613:Michael C. Howard (2011).
1423:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
1365:Raghu Rai & Usha Rai,
1203:UNESCO World Heritage Site
881:Origin of Karnataka's name
767:
250:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
3838:
3785:
3737:
3710:
3522:
3509:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
3396:
3293:
3225:
3168:
3120:
3072:
3014:
3001:
2803:
2715:
2625:
2610:
2072:Kale, Vishwas S. (2014).
1745:10.1163/15685209-12341314
1645:Nicholas F. Gier (2014).
1261:Vijayanagara architecture
1055:
605:, along the banks of the
516:has been designated as a
408:
369:
357:
349:
341:
331:
319:
309:
299:
289:
265:
256:
247:
230:
216:
204:
192:
174:
139:
67:
55:
48:
41:
3504:Kannada Sahitya Parishat
2958:Unification of Karnataka
2550:templates for discussion
2332:A Short History of India
2171:Fritz & Michell 2016
1860:Devakunjari, D. (2007).
1833:Fritz & Michell 2016
1758:Verghese, Anila (2000).
1716:Fritz & Michell 2016
1586:Fritz & Michell 2016
1450:, pp. 12–33, 66–69.
1448:Fritz & Michell 2016
1301:
973:Unification of Karnataka
677:, the Sangama brothers.
617:that already existed at
482: 'City of Victory'
36:City in Karnataka, India
16:City in Karnataka, India
3724:Karnataka ethnic groups
3662:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III
2496:Anila Verghese (2000).
2475:Anila Verghese (2002).
2433:George Michell (1995).
2290:. Penguin Books India.
2221:Archaeologies of Memory
2044:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
2017:Cynthia Talbot (2001).
1553:American Anthropologist
1467:David M. Knipe (2015).
1194:Vijayanagara includes:
1189:
1094:Vitthala temple in 1880
918:Western Chalukya Empire
538:, and the short-lived
3934:Medieval Indian cities
2533:Vittala temple complex
2529:Krishna temple complex
2287:The Discovery of India
1963:Abraham Eraly (2015).
1850:, pp. 6–7, 40, 92
1176:
1152:
1148:The Discovery of India
1106:King's balance in 1858
1068:Krishna temple in 1868
963:Nayakas of Chitradurga
837:
692:
598:
23:. For other uses, see
2993:Western Ganga dynasty
2454:Burton Stein (1989).
1990:Roshen Dalal (2002).
1936:Burton Stein (1989).
1588:, pp. 77–81, 97.
1497:Burton Stein (1989).
1171:
1154:The ruined city is a
1127:
835:
683:
595:
506:Vijayanagara district
435:Show map of Karnataka
393:15.33444°N 76.46222°E
276:Vijayanagara district
97:Show map of Karnataka
29:Vijayanagara district
3815:Rajyotsava Prashasti
3682:K. S. Narasimhaswamy
943:Sultanate of Bijapur
853:History of Karnataka
798:improve this article
588:Location and history
542:, who inhabited the
460:Vijayanagara (India)
305:Cultural: i, iii, iv
127:Vijayanagara (India)
3889:Vijayanagara Empire
3702:G. S. Shivarudrappa
3672:Gopalakrishna Adiga
3323:Chitrakala Parishat
3250:Dams and reservoirs
3122:Kalaburagi division
2963:Vijayanagara Empire
2938:Rashtrakuta dynasty
2853:Chitradurga Nayakas
2639:Emblem of Karnataka
1848:Anila Verghese 2002
1526:South Asian Studies
1436:Anila Verghese 2002
1369:, New Delhi, 2014.
1179:Sanjay Subrahmanyam
1156:World Heritage Site
1080:Rama temple in 1868
1052:
933:Vijayanagara Empire
770:Vijayanagara Empire
735:take control of Goa
521:World Heritage Site
498:Vijayanagara Empire
389: /
244:
159:15.2689°N 76.3909°E
155: /
21:Vijayanagara Empire
3612:Nijaguna Shivayogi
3016:Bangalore division
2416:Hampi Vijayanagara
2161:, pp. 96–101.
2135:Dictionary of Wars
1679:A History of India
1050:
923:Southern Kalachuri
913:Rashtrakuta Empire
838:
742:Battle of Talikota
714:Bahamani Sultanate
693:
599:
398:15.33444; 76.46222
242:
3876:
3875:
3820:Jakanachari Award
3657:Shishunala Sharif
3368:Togalu gombeyaata
3221:
3220:
3074:Belagavi division
2918:Kingdom of Mysore
2898:Kalyani Chalukyas
2707:Southern birdwing
2509:978-0-19-564890-4
2488:978-0-19-565433-2
2467:978-0-521-26693-2
2446:978-0-521-44110-0
2425:978-81-8495-602-3
2406:978-81-85026-53-4
2387:978-0-521-71627-7
2297:978-0-14-303103-1
2282:Nehru, Jawaharlal
2185:World Archaeology
2055:978-9-38060-734-4
2030:978-0-19-803123-9
2003:978-0-14-333544-3
1976:978-93-5118-658-8
1949:978-0-521-26693-2
1905:978-1-351-99742-3
1875:978-81-87780-42-7
1835:, pp. 14–15.
1771:978-0-19-564890-4
1718:, pp. 11–23.
1689:978-0-415-32920-0
1658:978-0-7391-9223-8
1626:978-0-7864-8625-0
1510:978-0-521-26693-2
1480:978-0-19-026673-8
1375:978-93-83098-24-8
1213:Tungabhadra River
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1048:
1047:
958:Nayakas of Keladi
948:Kingdom of Mysore
938:Bahmani Sultanate
830:
829:
822:
726:Battle of Raichur
607:Tungabhadra River
550:dynasties of the
502:Tungabhadra River
472:
471:
463:Show map of India
431:Location of Hampi
294:Virupaksha Temple
240:
239:
130:Show map of India
3941:
3830:Kempegowda Award
3810:Basava Puraskara
3805:Nrupatunga Award
3677:V. Seetharamaiah
3498:
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3447:Western Chalukya
3442:
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3388:Mysore musicians
3318:Channapatna toys
3235:Cities and towns
3188:Dakshina Kannada
3012:
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2978:Veera Ballala II
2913:Kittur Chennamma
2873:Kingdom of Coorg
2848:Chalukya dynasty
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3557:Devar Dasimayya
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3064:Chikkaballapura
3029:Bangalore Rural
3024:Bangalore Urban
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2983:Vikramaditya II
2908:Shivappa Nayaka
2893:Kadamba dynasty
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1438:, pp. 1–18
1434:
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1217:Koppal district
1192:
1163:Cesari Federici
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953:Hyderabad State
928:Hoysala Kingdom
908:Chalukya Empire
894:
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815:
809:
806:
795:
783:
772:
766:
753:Cesare Federici
746:Aliya Rama Raya
722:Krishnadevaraya
718:five sultanates
710:Sangama dynasty
667:Delhi Sultanate
590:
578:Aliya Rama Raya
552:Delhi Sultanate
540:Kampili kingdom
481:
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236:City of Victory
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3919:Ruins in India
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3767:Hindu temples
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3570:
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3565:
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3440:Western Ganga
3437:
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3416:
3413:
3409:
3408:
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3404:
3403:
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3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Udupi cuisine
3371:
3369:
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3364:
3363:Mysore Dasara
3361:
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3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
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3328:Gaarudi Gombe
3326:
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3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:Bharatanatyam
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3285:Western Ghats
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
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3268:
3266:
3265:Highest point
3263:
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3258:
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2948:Srirangapatna
2946:
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2933:Pulakeshin II
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2818:Alupa dynasty
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2701:Carnatic carp
2698:
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2683:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Indian roller
2665:
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2653:
2652:
2649:
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2640:
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2628:
2627:State symbols
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2267:9780816526031
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2231:9781405143301
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2173:, p. 23.
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2115:9781317001935
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2013:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1945:
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1932:
1924:
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1915:
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1868:. p. 8.
1867:
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1814:9781315026923
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1349:81-206-0159-9
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1335:81-85026-53-X
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810:December 2013
803:
799:
793:
792:
787:This section
785:
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761:
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738:
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732:
727:
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711:
707:
701:
698:
691:
687:
686:Ugranarasimha
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
634:
630:
629:
628:Sthala Purana
624:
620:
616:
610:
608:
604:
594:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
567:
565:
561:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:Seuna Yadavas
529:
524:
522:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
476:
447:
417:
407:
402:
374:
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364:
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352:
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308:
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302:
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288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
268:
264:
260:
255:
252:
246:
235:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
188:
177:
173:
168:
140:Coordinates:
138:
109:
76:
66:
59:
54:
47:
40:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3772:Jain temples
3667:D. R. Bendre
3602:Kumara Vyasa
3461:Vijayanagara
3270:Bayalu Seeme
3155:Vijayanagara
2968:Vijayanagara
2967:
2923:Mayurasharma
2858:Deva Raya II
2823:Amoghavarsha
2725:Architecture
2616:
2555:Vijayanagara
2543:
2498:
2477:
2456:
2435:
2415:
2396:
2377:
2370:Bibliography
2347:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2286:
2276:
2256:
2220:
2213:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2134:
2104:
2074:
2045:
2039:
2019:
2012:
1992:
1985:
1965:
1958:
1938:
1931:
1921:
1914:
1894:
1861:
1855:
1804:
1798:
1790:
1760:
1753:
1736:
1732:
1711:
1699:
1678:
1647:
1615:
1593:
1581:
1559:(1): 44–55.
1556:
1552:
1546:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1499:
1469:
1443:
1421:Vijayanagara
1400:
1390:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1296:Hampi (town)
1253:India portal
1193:
1184:Domingo Paes
1177:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1132:Nicolo Conti
1128:
1122:
1118:
1116:
992:Architecture
816:
807:
796:Please help
791:verification
788:
758:
751:The Italian
750:
739:
702:
694:
663:
636:
626:
611:
600:
575:
568:
556:
525:
475:Vijayanagara
474:
473:
353:19,453.62 ha
272:Hampi (City)
211:Vijayanagara
121:Vijayanagara
88:Vijayanagara
43:Vijayanagara
33:
3800:Pampa Award
3637:Gopala Dasa
3632:Vijaya Dasa
3627:Kanaka Dasa
3592:Rudrabhatta
3537:Gunavarma I
3524:Noted poets
3433:Rashtrakuta
3183:Chikmagalur
3059:Ramanagara
3034:Chitradurga
2953:Tipu Sultan
2538:‹ The
1321:J.M. Fritz
764:Description
396: /
371:Coordinates
345:4,187.24 ha
323:1986 (10th
320:Inscription
162: /
3883:Categories
3863:Television
3853:Newspapers
3777:Waterfalls
3587:Raghavanka
3577:Siddharama
3412:Milestones
3398:Literature
3383:Yakshagana
3333:Ilkal sari
3140:Kalaburagi
3039:Davanagere
2928:Pattadakal
2745:Demography
2686:Sandalwood
2302:, page 257
2159:Eaton 2006
1704:Eaton 2006
1382:References
1223:Kamalapura
985:Categories
731:Portuguese
724:after the
684:Statue of
671:Harihara I
633:Kishkindha
615:Kishkindha
384:76°27′44″E
381:15°20′04″N
333:Endangered
221:Harihara I
217:Founded by
150:76°23′27″E
147:15°16′08″N
25:Vijaynagar
3858:Magazines
3647:Lakshmisa
3607:Chamarasa
3547:Sri Ponna
3514:Karnataka
3378:Veeragase
3313:Bidriware
3308:Buta Kola
3240:Districts
3227:Geography
3007:divisions
3003:Districts
2863:Durvinita
2838:Balligavi
2765:Geography
2760:Folk arts
2755:Education
2717:Overviews
2618:Bengaluru
2604:Karnataka
2418:. Jaico.
2317:The Hindu
2205:162319660
1573:143926888
1401:The Hindu
1009:Societies
1004:Economies
647:Lakshmana
603:Karnataka
597:Hosapete.
528:Kakatiyas
494:Karnataka
492:state of
488:, in the
337:1999–2006
310:Reference
280:Karnataka
232:Named for
199:Karnataka
3652:Sarvajna
3582:Harihara
3475:Haridasa
3426:Medieval
3275:Malenadu
3260:Villages
3087:Belagavi
3082:Bagalkot
3054:Tumakuru
2943:Sringeri
2868:Halebidu
2833:Banavasi
2795:Wildlife
2705:Insect:
2540:template
2399:. Marg.
2284:(2004).
1239:See also
1209:Anegundi
1141:—
899:Kadambas
893:Polities
845:a series
843:Part of
706:Golkonda
641:, where
638:Ramayana
536:Hoysalas
301:Criteria
290:Includes
267:Location
206:District
3747:Beaches
3739:Tourism
3716:society
3692:Kuvempu
3468:Vachana
3454:Hoysala
3406:Kannada
3343:Kannada
3338:Kamsale
3295:Culture
3150:Raichur
3130:Ballari
3097:Dharwad
3092:Bijapur
3049:Shimoga
2878:Halmidi
2805:History
2770:History
2750:Economy
2740:Cuisine
2735:Climate
2613:Capital
2542:below (
655:Sugriva
651:Hanuman
623:Parvati
571:Beijing
560:Jainism
548:Tughlaq
479:transl.
358:Website
325:Session
175:Country
3848:Cinema
3787:Awards
3712:People
3562:Basava
3496:Modern
3482:Mysore
3358:Khedda
3353:Kasuti
3280:Kanara
3255:Taluks
3245:Rivers
3208:Mysore
3203:Mandya
3198:Kodagu
3193:Hassan
3160:Yadgir
3145:Koppal
3102:Haveri
2828:Badami
2813:Aihole
2785:Sports
2780:People
2730:Cinema
2699:Fish:
2673:Flower
2655:Animal
2635:Emblem
2559:Curlie
2545:Curlie
2506:
2485:
2464:
2443:
2422:
2403:
2384:
2355:
2294:
2264:
2228:
2203:
2142:
2112:
2082:
2052:
2027:
2000:
1973:
1946:
1902:
1872:
1811:
1768:
1686:
1655:
1623:
1598:188-95
1571:
1507:
1477:
1373:
1359:
1347:
1333:
1323:et al.
1276:Sayana
1229:Hospet
1201:, now
1123:nagara
1119:vijaya
903:Gangas
870:Topics
847:on the
708:. The
582:Deccan
544:Deccan
518:UNESCO
508:, the
490:Indian
184:
3904:Hampi
3868:Radio
3840:Media
3757:Forts
3597:Janna
3552:Ranna
3532:Asaga
3419:Epics
3213:Udupi
3135:Bidar
3107:Gadag
3044:Kolar
2883:Hampi
2843:Belur
2775:Media
2695:Mango
2691:Fruit
2677:Lotus
2600:State
2478:Hampi
2201:S2CID
1569:S2CID
1302:Notes
1291:Hampi
1215:, in
1199:Hampi
997:Forts
697:Shiva
690:Hampi
675:Bukka
649:meet
619:Hampi
564:Islam
486:Hampi
284:India
225:Bukka
194:State
187:India
3752:Dams
3714:and
3489:Play
3005:and
2682:Tree
2664:Bird
2644:Song
2531:and
2504:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2382:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2292:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2226:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2080:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2025:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1684:ISBN
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