33:
502:
573:
did not have lagoons or anchorages that protected ships from the
Pacific storms. Solutions were found and despite losing some 5 ships on the reef at Ocean Island, the PPC became a very profitable company. The profitability of the company directed attention to the original agreements made with the
223:
When J. T. Arundel set off in 1871 to develop a business in the
Pacific he left his fiancée Eliza Eleanor (Lillie) Whibley in England, as he wanted to secure their financial future by achieving success with his business ventures. J .T. Arundel and Lillie Whibley were not to marry until 1881.
492:
Despite this attempt to broaden the operations of the company the company remained chronically short of capital throughout its existence and was lent money from time to time by its directors. The PIC abandoned the plans to develop coconut plantations in 1902.
224:
Following their marriage Lillie
Arundel would travel into the central Pacific with J. T. Arundel when he would visit the various islands on which his company had operations. Lillie Arundel gave birth in 1884 to their second daughter while on
235:, Lillie's younger brother, arrived in Sydney, after 10 years in the United States and Canada. J. T. Arundel offered Fred Whibley a position with John T. Arundel & Co. Fred Whibley declined and chose to become an island trader on
544:
J. T. Arundel and Lord
Stanmore were responsible for financing the new opportunities and negotiating with the German company that controlled the licences to mine in Nauru. In 1902 the interests of PIC were merged with
635:, the restoring of land and water resources lost by mining operations and compensation for environmental damage to the islands was under the control of the governments of United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia.
172:(Ocean Island). Williams & Macdonald (1985) described J. T. Arundel as "a remarkable example of that mid-Victorian phenomenon, the upright, pious and adventurous Christian English businessman."
1351:
Personal papers and journals of J .T. Arundel and business papers and records of John T. Arundel & Co., the
Pacific Islands Company Ltd and the Pacific Phosphate Company Ltd are held by the
300:
from 1872 (with the support of
Houlder Brothers and Co) then under John T. Arundel & Co from 1881. The guano mining, which began in 1874, supplied a total of about 10,000 tons of
586:
was for the exclusive right to mine for 999 years for £50 a year. The terms of the licenses were changed to provide for the payment of royalties and compensation for mining damage.
749:
1909 (October) In San
Francisco J. T. Arundel became a member of the Pacific Union Club. He suffered a heart attack and subsequently he resigned as deputy chairman of the PPC.
434:
who worked for John T. Arundel & Co., later acknowledged that the company was not making money although the company was gaining experience in the mining and shipping of
220:. J.T. Arundel took an interest in the potential of the fertiliser business and in 1868 the company sent him on a second voyage into the Pacific to pursue opportunities.
1004:
589:
In 1913 an anonymous correspondent to the New Age journal criticised the operation of the PPC under the title "Modern buccaneers in the West
Pacific".
243:. A harmonious working relationship would have been unlikely given the pious Christian attitudes of J.T. Arundel and Fred Whibley's reputation as the '
1037:
982:
517:", when he had laboratory analysis carried out on a rock that was used to prop open the Sydney office door, as it appeared similar to the hard
1417:
1363:
259:, he established John T. Arundel & Co. The initial activities were carried out by the two companies. Houlder Brothers and Co leased
459:
691:
467:
451:
1048:
275:
was leased by the
Houlder Brothers. In 1881, the lease was later taken over by Arundel (for whom one of the islets is named).
1397:
1179:
1402:
157:
425:. The plantation was started in 1892 but as a consequence of severe drought the plantation was abandoned within 12 months.
286:
and other commodities. The company operated from Sydney, Australia with business interests in the
Pacific that included:
1319:
1407:
473:
The PIC continued to expand its plantation interests and in 1899, acquired a license to develop coconut plantations on
1243:
1084:
852:
339:
325:
311:
903:
458:('PIC'). The company was based in London with its trading activities in the Pacific. The Chairman of the PIC was
1367:
442:
in what were sometimes difficult conditions, with many of these islands having no safe anchorage for shipping.
1355:
624:
541:, at that time a German territory, and confirmed it also consisted of large deposits of phosphate rock.
1034:
450:
In 1897 John T. Arundel & Co., merged its business with that of the trading and plantation firm of
387:
197:
1069:
208:
In 1860, J. T. Arundel travelled on a Houlder Brothers & Co ship into the Pacific, calling at the
713:
708:
1902 The Pacific Islands Company became the Pacific Phosphate Company, and began phosphate mining on
669:
645:
550:
455:
367:
144:
1172:
Case Concerning Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia) Application: Memorial of Nauru
746:; a bent connecting rod caused the engines to stop and the current carried the ship onto the reef.
557:, then known as Ocean Island. The company's engineers had to find solutions for transferring the
486:
1206:
1412:
1222:
1144:
612:. This gave the PPC a virtual monopoly on the sources of high grade phosphate in the Pacific.
156:(1 September 1841 – 30 November 1919) was an English entrepreneur who was instrumental in the
1132:
1207:" Some recent PMB Manuscripts Series Microfilms, PMB 1227 Arundel Family Papers, 1803–1935."
537:
to confirm that the soil of that island was largely phosphate rock. Albert Ellis went on to
1392:
1387:
1382:
1077:
The Naturalist and his "Beautiful Islands": Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific
8:
953:
546:
530:
510:
431:
371:
644:
1841 Born in England. His paternal grandfather, John Arundel, was Home Secretary of the
1045:
1035:"The Establishment Of A Plantation Economy in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate"
375:
1046:
Commission of Inquiry into the Land Dealings & Abandoned Properties on Guadalcanal
485:, with the PIC attempting to acquiring licenses to develop coconut plantations in the
1239:
1175:
1080:
998:
961:
848:
771:
702:
1117:
601:
411:
in 1885, however the coconut palms suffered from disease and the plantation failed.
1359:
1323:
1052:
1041:
695:
478:
418:
408:
349:
321:
297:
272:
209:
185:
282:
on other Pacific islands and also established coconut plantations and traded in
680:
558:
518:
439:
317:
264:
217:
189:
181:
161:
1376:
732:
728:
709:
684:
632:
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579:
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363:
331:
169:
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562:
522:
398:
359:
335:
307:
260:
256:
232:
193:
735:, where his daughter Sydney photographed the construction of a day beacon.
184:
and a warehouse business on the Thames estuary, with the family living at
32:
1316:
753:
244:
73:
690:
1897 J. T. Arundel & Co., Ltd., headquartered in Sydney merged with
604:
and formed a company, the Compagnie des Phosphates de l'Océanie, with a
549:
of Hamburg, to form the Pacific Phosphate Company, ('PPC') to engage in
414:
383:
842:
271:
digging in the central part of the island from 1875 to 1880. In 1872,
526:
379:
301:
668:
1885, 3 March. Lectured at the Geographical Society of the Pacific,
597:
583:
501:
482:
422:
402:
353:
228:, then known as Sydney Island, giving her the name of that island.
904:"The natural history of the Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands"
743:
609:
593:
1352:
627:. From 1919 the responsibility for the welfare of the people of
605:
561:
from the island to ships that had to anchor off the island. As
525:
The laboratory analysis confirmed that the rock was high grade
240:
236:
143:
Paternal grandfather, Rev. John Arundel, Home Secretary of the
348:
or Sydney Island in 1884, which is geographically part of the
724:
628:
616:
575:
566:
538:
435:
345:
291:
283:
279:
268:
225:
213:
165:
107:
103:
977:
975:
770:. New Zealand Herald, Geographical Society of the Pacific.
463:
972:
417:, or Gardner Island, which is geographically part of the
1236:
Clipperton; The Island of Lost Toys and Other Treasures
1098:
1096:
901:
608:
syndicate that was also investigating the potential of
334:
from 1886 to 1899, which is geographically part of the
320:
from 1886 to 1899, which is geographically part of the
902:
Kepler, Angela K.; Cameron B. Kepler (February 1994).
694:
to form the Pacific Islands Company, headquartered in
405:, with the plantation operated by the firm until 1891.
278:
John T. Arundel & Co went on to engage in mining
1093:
960:. Sydney, Australia: Angus and Robertson, limited.
768:The Phoenix group and other islands of the Pacific
192:Church, and through a church connection he joined
1374:
1182:(United Nations, International Court of Justice)
1003:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
496:
180:His father owned a gentleman's outfitter in the
843:Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985).
651:1872 Started John T. Arundel & Co., Sydney.
1303:Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985)
1157:Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985)
794:Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985)
445:
310:from 1886 to 1899, which is now claimed as an
1196:. Honolulu, Hawaii: Tongg Publishing Company.
1115:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
1364:Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies
1021:. Honolulu, Hawaii: Tongg Publishing Company
985:. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
250:
1275:
592:The PPC investigated phosphate deposits on
1170:ICJ Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents,
719:1909 He travelled on maiden voyage of the
462:, formerly Sir Arthur Gordon, Governor of
304:until supplies were exhausted around 1895.
31:
1194:American Polynesia and the Hawaiian Chain
1019:American Polynesia and the Hawaiian Chain
917:
886:American Polynesia and the Hawaiian Chain
879:
877:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
533:and other company employees travelled to
470:. John T. Arundel was the vice-chairman.
468:High Commissioner for the Western Pacific
1213:, series 5, n°20, December 2005, page 10
1068:Lawrence, David Russell (October 2014).
1067:
1029:
1027:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
500:
1370:(ANU), Canberra—23 reels of microfilm.
1258:
1118:"Modern buccaneers in the West Pacific"
1063:
1061:
1375:
1233:
874:
477:, which is geographically part of the
1211:Pacific Manuscripts Bureau Newsletter
1191:
1024:
952:
897:
895:
888:. Honolulu: Tongg Publishing Company.
883:
801:
661:1884 His second daughter was born on
395:Establishing coconut plantations on:
390:in the waters off Northern Australia.
135:John Arundel, merchant and shopkeeper
1058:
255:In 1871 with financial support from
1418:19th-century English businesspeople
1104:Ocean Island and Nauru: Their Story
958:Ocean Island and Nauru; Their Story
765:
654:1881 Started coconut plantation on
615:In 1919 the business of the PPC in
13:
1261:"Kodak photographs, Jarvis Island"
1252:
1109:
1070:"Chapter 9 The plantation economy"
892:
14:
1429:
752:1919 Died on 30 November 1919 at
513:made what he later described as "
196:, a firm that provided ships for
505:Phosphate rock used as door stop
188:. The family were active in the
1328:
1310:
1297:
1227:
1216:
1200:
1185:
1164:
1151:
1079:. ANU Press. pp. 249–256.
760:
342:territory of the United States.
328:territory of the United States.
314:territory of the United States.
203:
1368:Australian National University
1238:(book). Trafford. p. 60.
1011:
861:
847:. Melbourne University Press.
788:
117:Eliza Eleanor Whibley "Lillie"
1:
1339:. 23 July 1920. p. 7806.
1116:Correspondent (5 June 1913).
782:
675:1886 Resumed guano mining on
638:
623:was acquired by Board of the
497:Pacific Phosphate Company Ltd
175:
1398:Economic history of Kiribati
983:"Baker, Howland, and Jarvis"
731:. On this voyage he visited
625:British Phosphate Commission
216:was mined for refining into
16:Guano and copra entrepreneur
7:
1403:People of the Victorian era
1223:Jane Resture, McKean Island
869:Fred Whibley and his Family
742:was wrecked on the reef at
456:Pacific Islands Company Ltd
446:Pacific Islands Company Ltd
386:and several islands in the
10:
1434:
1353:Pacific Manuscripts Bureau
1346:
388:Capricorn and Bunker Group
194:Houlder Brothers & Co.
164:on the Pacific islands of
1408:Phosphate mining in Nauru
714:phosphate mining in Nauru
670:San Francisco, California
646:London Missionary Society
582:. The agreement with the
551:phosphate mining in Nauru
251:John T. Arundel & Co.
158:development of the mining
145:London Missionary Society
139:
131:
121:
113:
99:
91:
81:
62:
39:
30:
23:
1358:13 December 2007 at the
1259:Arundel, Sydney (1909).
1192:Bryan, E.H. Jr. (1942).
1102:Albert F. Ellis, (1935)
1017:Bryan, E.H. Jr., (1942)
692:Henderson and Macfarlane
452:Henderson and Macfarlane
267:and Arundel managed the
257:Houlder Brothers and Co.
198:migration to New Zealand
1283:"SS Ocean Queen (1909)"
1055:; retrieved 16 May 2011
911:Atoll Research Bulletin
665:, and was named Sydney.
487:British Solomon Islands
401:in 1881 in what is now
506:
338:and now claimed as an
324:and now claimed as an
1234:Elliot, T.F. (2005).
1051:22 March 2012 at the
1040:22 March 2012 at the
738:1909 (September) The
504:
884:Bryan, E.H. (1942).
521:that he had seen on
547:Jaluit Gesellschaft
372:Gulf of Carpentaria
127:Sydney Dorothy Aris
44:John Thomas Arundel
1337:The London Gazette
1335:"Probate Notice".
1322:1 May 2008 at the
1317:Pacific Union Club
1143:has generic name (
507:
489:in 1900 and 1901.
376:Lady Elliot Island
265:British government
1180:978-92-1-070936-1
766:Arundel, John T.
247:' of the family.
151:
150:
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1341:
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1314:
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1305:The Phosphateers
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1159:The Phosphateers
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954:Ellis, Albert F.
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845:The Phosphateers
840:
799:
796:The Phosphateers
792:
779:
740:S.S. Ocean Queen
721:S.S. Ocean Queen
602:French Polynesia
125:Lillian Arundel,
82:Other names
69:
66:30 November 1919
54:1 September 1841
53:
51:
35:
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1174:(January 2004)
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574:land owners of
499:
481:and is part of
479:Phoenix Islands
448:
421:and is part of
419:Phoenix Islands
409:Caroline Island
352:and is part of
350:Phoenix Islands
322:Phoenix Islands
298:Caroline Island
273:Caroline Island
253:
239:in what is now
210:Chincha Islands
206:
200:and Australia.
178:
154:John T. Arundel
126:
77:
71:
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57:London, England
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318:Howland Island
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218:superphosphate
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190:Congregational
182:City of London
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162:phosphate rock
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100:Known for
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70:(aged 78)
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854:0-522-84302-6
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733:Jarvis Island
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701:1897 Visited
700:
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685:Jarvis Island
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663:Sydney Island
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515:a good 'find'
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475:Birnie Island
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460:Lord Stanmore
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364:Torres Strait
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332:Jarvis Island
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1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
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1218:
1210:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1171:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1133:cite journal
1124:
1111:
1106:, Chapter IV
1103:
1076:
1018:
1013:
987:. Retrieved
957:
910:
885:
868:
863:
844:
795:
790:
767:
764:
761:Publications
739:
729:Ocean Island
720:
712:in 1901 and
677:Baker Island
656:Flint Island
614:
591:
588:
563:high islands
543:
531:Albert Ellis
523:Baker Island
514:
511:Albert Ellis
508:
491:
472:
454:to form the
449:
432:Albert Ellis
430:
399:Flint Island
368:Rocky Island
360:Raine Island
336:Line Islands
308:Baker Island
277:
261:Flint Island
254:
233:Fred Whibley
230:
222:
207:
204:Early career
179:
153:
152:
95:Entrepreneur
85:
68:(1919-11-30)
18:
1393:Guano trade
1388:1919 deaths
1383:1841 births
1307:, p. 81-82.
1285:. Wrecksite
1141:|last=
754:Bournemouth
245:black sheep
212:, on which
74:Bournemouth
1377:Categories
1289:5 December
1127:: 136–140.
913:. 397–398.
783:References
756:, England.
703:Clipperton
698:, England.
639:Chronology
466:and first
415:Nikumaroro
384:Queensland
176:Early life
92:Occupation
50:1841-09-01
1366:(RSPAS),
1362:(PAMBU),
989:8 October
867:S. Aris,
527:phosphate
380:Bundaberg
370:, in the
302:phosphate
263:from the
186:Gravesend
147:1820–1846
140:Relatives
132:Parent(s)
76:, England
1356:Archived
1320:Archived
1267:23 April
1161:, p. 80.
1049:Archived
1038:Archived
999:cite web
956:(1935).
776:17688856
716:in 1906.
606:Tahitian
598:Tuamotus
584:Banabans
509:In 1899
483:Kiribati
423:Kiribati
403:Kiribati
354:Kiribati
231:In 1898
122:Children
1347:Sources
1125:New Age
966:3444055
744:Makatea
610:Makatea
596:in the
594:Makatea
362:in the
290:Mining
1242:
1178:
1083:
964:
871:(1963)
851:
798:, p. 6
774:
710:Banaba
696:London
633:Banaba
621:Banaba
580:Banaba
571:Banaba
555:Banaba
535:Banaba
241:Tuvalu
237:Niutao
170:Banaba
114:Spouse
1121:(PDF)
1073:(PDF)
907:(PDF)
725:Nauru
723:, to
629:Nauru
617:Nauru
576:Nauru
567:Nauru
565:both
539:Nauru
436:guano
346:Manra
292:guano
284:copra
280:guano
269:guano
226:Manra
214:guano
166:Nauru
108:copra
104:guano
86:Aneru
1291:2013
1269:2013
1240:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1145:help
1081:ISBN
1005:link
991:2010
962:OCLC
849:ISBN
772:OCLC
727:and
683:and
631:and
619:and
578:and
569:and
553:and
464:Fiji
438:and
378:off
294:on:
168:and
106:and
63:Died
40:Born
600:in
160:of
1379::
1209:,
1137::
1135:}}
1131:{{
1123:.
1095:^
1075:.
1060:^
1044:,
1026:^
1001:}}
997:{{
974:^
919:^
909:.
894:^
876:^
803:^
679:,
529:.
382:,
374:,
366:,
1293:.
1271:.
1248:.
1147:)
1089:.
1007:)
993:.
968:.
857:.
778:.
705:.
687:.
672:.
658:.
648:.
356:.
52:)
48:(
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