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Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom

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The review into intergovernmental relations concluded that the governments of the United Kingdom, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland were “committed to promoting collaboration and the avoidance of disagreements". In any instance that a dispute between any government arises, the IGR Secretariat may
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There is also a portfolio-specific Interministerial Standing Committee (IMSC) and interministerial groups (IMG) affiliated to the IMSC. These were established in 2022 following a series of reviews. From 1999–2022, their predecessor the Joint Ministerial Committee (JMC), established by memorandums of
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The JMC Plenary meetings were intended to occur at least once every year. However, no plenary meetings were held between 2002 and 2008. This was primarily because the UK, Scotland, and Wales governments were all controlled by the Labour Party, and as such ministers from the central and devolved
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There are six different mechanisms involved in intergovernmental relations in order to avoid disputes between the UK Government and the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive. Whilst the Scottish Government and Welsh Government welcomed the changes to
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and is responsible for discussing areas of cooperation that cannot be discussed at the Portfolio Committee, the committee will have representatives from central government and the three devolved nations and aim to meet monthly.
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intergovernmental relations within the United Kingdom which were implemented in 2022, both governments were critical regarding the UK Government's "attitude towards engagement with the devolved administrations at times".
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published a report outlining how the UK Government could improve intergovernmental relations. In 2022, the UK Government and devolved governments came to an agreement on the intergovernmental relations in the UK.
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The Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council (“the council”) consists of the UK prime minister and the heads of the UK‘s three national devolved governments. The council is responsible for:
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Since its creation in 1999, there had been several different JMC meeting formats. Since 2010, there have been four types: plenary, Europe, domestic and European negotiations (created following the
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Where the UK government and the devolved administrations so agree, to consider devolved matters if it is beneficial to discuss their respective treatment in different parts of the UK.
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government, and sought to act as a focus for the coordination of the relationships between these administrations. The terms of reference for the JMC were:
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To consider non-devolved matters which impinge on devolved responsibilities, and devolved matters which impinge on non-devolved responsibilities.
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June Burnham, Fragmentation and Central Control: Competing Forces in a Disunited Kingdom. In Jose Ruano and Marius Profiroiu (ed.),
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Intergovernmental relations were previously governed by the Joint Ministerial Committee. On 20 January 2020, the
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To keep the arrangements for liaison between the UK government and the devolved administrations under review.
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in October 2016, the JMC Plenary was to meet on a definite annual basis and would have rotated between
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this was no longer the case. So JMC Plenary meetings were re-established, though on an ad hoc basis.
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governments could quickly and easily use informal links to coordinate policy. However, following the
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The last JMC Plenary was convened by Theresa May on 19 December 2018, even though soon after
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Overseeing the other government organisations and mechanisms within the other tiers.
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have that matter referred to them by the government or governments involved.
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Other Secretaries of State when issues relating to their remit are discussed.
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announced his intention to hold a JMC Plenary meeting as soon as possible.
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Before it was replaced, the membership of the JMC Plenary (JMC(P)) was:
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The UK Prime Minister chairs a Joint Ministerial Committee meeting at
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2. There is no law-making body for any regionally devolved area.
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Paun, Akash; Sargeant, Jess; Shuttleworth, Kelly (1 July 2020).
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Acting as final arbiter for the UK dispute resolution mechanism.
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There are currently two active intergovernmental committees.
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3. Administrations of regionally devolved areas are omitted.
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Devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
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First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
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Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities
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Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
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Northern Ireland-related legislation of the UK Parliament
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Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council
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Atkinson, Emily; Chisholm, Johanna, eds. (8 July 2024).
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2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
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Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council
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Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council
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are the coordination and engagement between the central
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Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions
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Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council
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Memorandum of understanding and supplementary agreement
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Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
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The IGR Council is the final arbiter in any disputes.
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There are currently 7 active intergovernmental groups
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The Interministerial Standing Committee is led by the
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Discussing UK-level policies that require cooperation.
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Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
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Ministry of Justice – Devolution Directorate-General
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GOV.UK (Cabinet Office): Intergovernmental Relations
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The Palgrave Handbook of Decentralisation in Europe
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First and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
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The others were fully or partially approved. 4335:Greater London Authority (Referendum) Act 1998 3350:"Review of intergovernmental relations (HTML)" 805:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 3917: 3579: 3393: 2653: 2925:Name of Interministerial Standing Committee 2211:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 2138:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 2107:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 4514:Office of the Advocate General for Scotland 4370:Referendums (Scotland & Wales) Act 1997 3602:"The review of intergovernmental relations" 3304:North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association 3163:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 3060:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 3011:Housing, Communities, and Local Government 815:Senedd constituencies and electoral regions 3924: 3910: 3840:. The Constitution Society. 12 April 2021. 3655:"ntergovernmental relations within the UK" 3630:"ntergovernmental relations within the UK" 2947: 2660: 2646: 1758:Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties 1696:Measure of the National Assembly for Wales 4937:1999 establishments in the United Kingdom 3459:"Devolution: Joint Ministerial Committee" 2700:understanding, served a similar purpose. 1134:European Parliament elections (1979–2019) 3832: 3830: 3322:Minister for Intergovernmental Relations 3138:Minister for Intergovernmental Relations 2910:Minister for Intergovernmental Relations 2729: 4504:Cabinet Office - Devolution Secretariat 3344: 3342: 3332: 3086:Joint Ministerial Committee (1999–2022) 3054:on 8 July 2024 and brings together the 16:Of central and devolved administrations 4924: 4748:English Regional Assemblies, 1998–2010 3535: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 2181:Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute 3905: 3827: 3575: 3573: 3250:he became Prime Minister in July 2019 3003:Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs 2827:Eluned Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Ely 2526:United Kingdom and the United Nations 2171:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 4769:Administrations of Northern Ireland 3339: 3300:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 3056:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 2904:Interministerial Standing Committees 2246:British National (Overseas) passport 2191:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 2153:British Overseas Territories citizen 1647:2011 referendum on law-making powers 1543:Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly 4665:Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament 4278:Commissions (devolved legislatures) 3887:GOV.UK: Intergovernmental Relations 3360: 1240:Northern Ireland Assembly elections 297:Republicanism in the United Kingdom 13: 4845:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland 4687:Campaign for an English Parliament 4619:Constitution of the United Kingdom 3714:from the original on 25 July 2024. 3570: 3048:Council of the Nations and Regions 14: 4953: 4784:Legislatures of Northern Ireland 4655:Cornish Constitutional Convention 3880: 3381:www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk 3216:2007 Scottish Parliament election 1425:Greater London Authority Act 1999 4932:Devolution in the United Kingdom 4904: 4903: 4682:Federalism in the United Kingdom 4677:Separatism in the United Kingdom 3933:Devolution in the United Kingdom 3536:Pooran, Neil (13 January 2022). 2963:Name of Intergovernmental Group 2832: 2809: 2786: 2721:Tiered governance (2022–present) 2615: 2602: 2584: 2569: 640: 542: 512: 480: 354: 324: 253: 228: 155: 27: 3862: 3844: 3806: 3762: 3736: 3718: 3693: 3672: 3647: 3622: 3594: 3550: 3529: 3441:"Dunlop review (November 2019)" 3279:North/South Ministerial Council 3130:, who acts as chair of the JMC. 3090:The JMC was created in 1999 by 2738:and First Minister of Scotland 2531:United Nations Security Council 211:Other constitutional principles 4339:Greater London Authority Acts 4328:Referendum and devolution acts 3511: 3491: 3471: 3450: 3433: 3408: 3387: 3291:National Governors Association 3266:Council of Nations and Regions 3042:Council of Nations and Regions 2067:British Indian Ocean Territory 1612:Act of the Scottish Parliament 1410:English votes for English laws 1390:Council of Nations and Regions 149:Politics of the United Kingdom 83:Intergovernmental organisation 1: 4624:Reserved and excepted matters 4149:Northern Ireland (FM and dFM) 3396:"Intergovernmental relations" 3313:Council of the European Union 3197: 3178:The secretaries of state for 3114: 2703: 2186:Gibraltar sovereignty dispute 1617:Scottish statutory instrument 1192:Scottish Parliament elections 678:Justices of the Supreme Court 4887:1. Rejected referendums are 4461:Legislative Grand Committees 4003:Directly elected mayoralties 3221:Under proposals outlined by 3026:Dispute resolution mechanism 2451:politics of Northern Ireland 1653:Government of Wales Act 1998 785:UK Parliament constituencies 7: 4744:Administrations of England 4672:Devolved English parliament 4030:English mayoral referendums 3259: 2995:Elections and Registration 2869: 2678:intergovernmental relations 2061:British Antarctic Territory 1385:Legislative consent motions 527:The Lord McFall of Alcluith 74:2022 (as Three Tier System) 53:Joint Ministerial Committee 10: 4958: 4754:Administrations of London 4211:Northern Ireland Executive 3143:First Minister of Scotland 3064:First Minister of Scotland 2694:Northern Ireland Executive 2501:UK–EU withdrawal agreement 4882: 4737: 4637: 4581: 4574: 4541: 4485: 4451: 4423: 4327: 4277: 4242: 4229: 4198: 4180:Northern Ireland Assembly 4167: 4124: 4020: 3986: 3946: 3939: 3212:Scottish National Party's 2763: 2576:United Kingdom portal 2466:Northern Ireland Protocol 1805:Non-metropolitan District 1494:Northern Ireland Act 1998 744:Monetary Policy Committee 196:Parliamentary sovereignty 124: 114: 88: 78: 57: 49: 41: 26: 4840:Irish Home Rule movement 4717:Wessex Regionalist Party 4433:Northern Ireland Affairs 4206:London (Mayoral cabinet) 4199:Devolved administrations 4008:Greater London Authority 3686:Institute for Government 3587:Institute for Government 3464:Institute for Government 3401:Institute for Government 3296:Interparliamentary Forum 3167:First Secretary of State 2144:Turks and Caicos Islands 1415:Greater London Authority 565:Leader of the Opposition 270:William, Prince of Wales 139:This article is part of 4519:Northern Ireland Office 4232:of the legislatures and 4139:Directly elected mayors 3317:General Affairs Council 3270:directly elected mayors 3148:First Minister of Wales 3068:First Minister of Wales 2948:Interministerial Groups 1890:Community council areas 1768:Non-metropolitan county 1548:Law of Northern Ireland 4833:Northern Ireland, 1974 4828:Irish Free State, 1922 4763:Greater London Council 4699:Campaign for the North 4354:Northern Ireland Acts 4236:and the devolved areas 4230:Organisations and laws 3659:House of Lords Library 3634:House of Lords Library 3128:Minister for the Union 2971:Business and Industry 2743: 2710:Constitution Committee 2229:Diplomatic missions of 2073:British Virgin Islands 63:; 25 years ago 4860:Sunningdale Agreement 4758:London County Council 4629:West Lothian question 4597:Good Friday Agreement 4254:Kilbrandon Commission 4234:governments of the UK 4168:Devolved legislatures 3275:British–Irish Council 2733: 2471:British–Irish Council 2456:Good Friday Agreement 2268:Free trade agreements 2233:in the United Kingdom 2044:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 1960:Bailiwick of Guernsey 1520:deputy First Minister 1405:Governance of England 416:Deputy Prime Minister 4942:Executive federalism 4727:Full fiscal autonomy 4588:Agreements/Treaties 3998:Combined authorities 3333:References and notes 3327:Executive federalism 3080:combined authorities 2854:Emma Little-Pengelly 2742:meeting in Blackpool 2035:Overseas Territories 1800:Metropolitan Borough 1526:Emma Little-Pengelly 1467:Combined authorities 825:UK general elections 292:Counsellors of State 206:Separation of powers 4491:Territorial Offices 4307:Scottish Parliament 4216:Scottish Government 4190:Scottish Parliament 3987:Regional level (in 3964:Scottish devolution 3484:Scottish Legal News 3383:. 11 December 2017. 2956: 2686:Scottish Government 2258:UK–CD Customs Union 2022:UK-CD Customs Union 1993:Bailiwick of Jersey 1780:Unitary authorities 1763:Metropolitan county 1748:Ceremonial counties 1702:Act of Senedd Cymru 1607:Scottish Parliament 1563:Scottish devolution 23: 4592:Anglo-Irish Treaty 4295:Holtham Commission 4290:Richard Commission 4259:Holtham Commission 4052:North East England 3858:. 23 October 2016. 3566:. 13 January 2022. 3525:. 13 January 2022. 3507:. 14 January 2022. 3487:. 20 January 2022. 3078:and the mayors of 2955: 2744: 2734:UK Prime Minister 2017:Common Travel Area 1953:Crown Dependencies 1920:Preserved counties 1900:Shires of Scotland 476:King-in-Parliament 21: 4919: 4918: 4878: 4877: 4850:Scotland Act 1978 4537: 4536: 4425:Select committees 4312:Calman Commission 4300:Thomas Commission 4125:Heads of devolved 4016: 4015: 3822:978-3-319-32437-1 3794:. 30 January 2017 3750:. 3 February 2022 3543:Belfast Telegraph 3523:Peeblesshire News 3283:East–West Council 3243:Martin McGuinness 3023: 3022: 2945: 2944: 2933:Interministerial 2901: 2900: 2867: 2866: 2775:Council Position 2684:and the devolved 2670: 2669: 2461:UK–Ireland border 2253:Visa requirements 2204:Foreign relations 2158:Visa requirements 2132: 2123: 2116: 1940:Historic counties 1827:Historic counties 1573:Scotland Act 1998 795:Political parties 692:England and Wales 625:King-on-the-Bench 557:Sir Lindsay Hoyle 192: 134: 133: 35:10 Downing Street 4949: 4907: 4906: 4712:Southern England 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2878: 2859:Northern Ireland 2850:Michelle O'Neill 2838: 2836: 2835: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2761: 2760: 2690:Welsh Government 2662: 2655: 2648: 2620: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2596:Northern Ireland 2589: 2588: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2511:The Commonwealth 2140: 2129:Tristan da Cunha 2127: 2121:Ascension Island 2119: 2111: 2109: 2100:Pitcairn Islands 2084:Falkland Islands 2046: 1983: 1835:Northern Ireland 1637:Welsh devolution 1512:Michelle O'Neill 1487:Northern Ireland 1477:Cornwall Council 1293:Senedd elections 737:Deputy governors 702:Northern Ireland 664:Deputy President 644: 546: 536:House of Commons 516: 484: 377:Starmer ministry 358: 328: 257: 232: 186: 159: 136: 135: 109:Northern Ireland 71: 69: 64: 61:1 July 1999 31: 24: 20: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4900: 4874: 4855:Scottish Office 4733: 4710:Other parts of 4704:Yorkshire Party 4633: 4607:Barnett formula 4570: 4533: 4524:Scotland Office 4481: 4447: 4419: 4323: 4273: 4264:Silk Commission 4235: 4233: 4231: 4225: 4194: 4175:London Assembly 4163: 4126: 4120: 4012: 3982: 3935: 3930: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3872:. 29 July 2019. 3868: 3867: 3863: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3828: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3698: 3694: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3578: 3571: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3534: 3530: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3392: 3388: 3375: 3374: 3361: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3335: 3262: 3214:victory at the 3200: 3117: 3088: 3076:Mayor of London 3044: 3028: 2950: 2906: 2872: 2852: 2833: 2831: 2810: 2808: 2787: 2785: 2740:Nicola Sturgeon 2728: 2723: 2706: 2666: 2637: 2633:Other countries 2628: 2627: 2626: 2614: 2601: 2600: 2583: 2570: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2544: 2522: 2507: 2477: 2442: 2272: 2237: 2225: 2206: 2196: 2195: 2167: 2149: 2148: 2136: 2135: 2126: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2093: 2082: 2071: 2065: 2054: 2042: 2037: 2027: 2026: 2012:British Islands 2008: 2007: 1998: 1997: 1988: 1987: 1979: 1962: 1955: 1945: 1944: 1925:Principal areas 1911: 1904: 1867: 1860: 1838: 1831: 1730: 1722: 1712: 1711: 1655: 1644: 1642:1997 referendum 1633: 1626: 1575: 1568:1997 referendum 1559: 1552: 1496: 1490: 1483: 1457:London Assembly 1452:Mayoral cabinet 1439:Mayor of London 1427: 1420:1998 referendum 1401: 1394: 1375: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1344: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1234: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1128: 829: 828: 820: 780: 766: 765: 747: 717: 715:Bank of England 707: 706: 683: 629: 621: 616: 606: 605: 584:59th Parliament 580: 577: 568: 555: 531: 525: 501: 486: 479: 462: 452: 451: 433: 431: 419: 410: 398: 384: 372: 343: 338:King-in-Council 334: 312: 302: 301: 273: 226: 216: 215: 184:Treaty of Union 169: 117: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 73: 67: 65: 62: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4955: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4865:Wales Act 1978 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4701: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4585: 4583: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4500: 4498: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4457: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4399:Scotland Acts 4397: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4372: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4248: 4237: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4144:London (Mayor) 4141: 4136: 4130: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3956: 3950: 3948: 3947:National level 3941: 3940:Devolved areas 3937: 3936: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3881:External links 3879: 3876: 3875: 3861: 3843: 3826: 3805: 3779: 3761: 3735: 3717: 3692: 3671: 3646: 3621: 3593: 3569: 3549: 3528: 3510: 3504:The Irish News 3490: 3470: 3449: 3432: 3407: 3386: 3359: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3306: 3293: 3272: 3261: 3258: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3176: 3170: 3169:(if in office) 3156: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3131: 3124:Prime Minister 3116: 3113: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3087: 3084: 3043: 3040: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2961: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2856: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2794:United Kingdom 2783: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2714:House of Lords 2705: 2702: 2674:United Kingdom 2668: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2657: 2650: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2612: 2598: 2593: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2481:European Union 2476: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2236: 2235: 2224: 2223: 2216:Foreign policy 2213: 2207: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2133: 2124: 2117: 2102: 2097: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2078:Cayman Islands 2075: 2069: 2063: 2058: 2052: 2047: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1977: 1972: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1895:Civil parishes 1892: 1887: 1882: 1873: 1861: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1844: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1817:Civil parishes 1814: 1813: 1812: 1810:London Borough 1807: 1802: 1787: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1773:Greater London 1770: 1765: 1755: 1745: 1736: 1724: 1723: 1720:Administration 1718: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1673:First Minister 1669: 1666:Wales Act 2017 1662:Wales Act 2014 1650: 1639: 1627: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1589:First Minister 1585: 1570: 1565: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1506:First Minister 1502: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1422: 1412: 1407: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1341:UK referendums 1339: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 974:1910 (Jan–Feb) 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 834:1801 co-option 830: 822: 818: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 781: 772: 771: 768: 767: 764: 763: 758: 753: 741: 740: 727: 726: 718: 713: 712: 709: 708: 705: 704: 699: 694: 689: 687:United Kingdom 682: 681: 671:The Lord Hodge 668: 667: 654: 653: 638: 637: 617: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 602: 601: 591: 586: 579: 578: 560: 559: 540: 539: 530: 529: 510: 509: 506:House of Lords 495: 494: 472: 471: 463: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 444: 439: 421: 420: 400: 399: 390:Prime Minister 374: 373: 352: 351: 322: 321: 313: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 267: 266: 246: 245: 227: 222: 221: 218: 217: 214: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 181: 179:Bill of Rights 176: 170: 165: 164: 161: 160: 152: 151: 145: 144: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 111: 97:United Kingdom 92: 89: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 43: 39: 38: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4954: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4912: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4823:Ireland, 1920 4821: 4819: 4818:Ireland, 1914 4816: 4814: 4813:Ireland, 1893 4811: 4809: 4808:Ireland, 1886 4806: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4660:Mebyon Kernow 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4443:Welsh Affairs 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4245:UK Parliament 4243:Commissions ( 4241: 4238: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4154:Scotland (FM) 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4123: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3985: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3915: 3913: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3871: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3732:. 8 May 2019. 3731: 3727: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3696: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3610: 3609:UK Government 3603: 3597: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3574: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3494: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3442: 3436: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3255: 3254:Boris Johnson 3251: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2882:Meeting date 2881: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2818: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2795: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2772:Representing 2771: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2682:UK Government 2679: 2675: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2517: 2516:member states 2514: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2433:United States 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2163:Visa policies 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885:Council areas 1883: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1836: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1721: 1716: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1679:Eluned Morgan 1677: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 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2736:Rishi Sunak 2712:within the 2378:New Zealand 2373:Netherlands 2263:Visa policy 2241:UK passport 2003:Isle of Man 1930:Communities 1880:Sheriffdoms 1698:(1999–2011) 1462:London Plan 778:referendums 619:Charles III 599:List of MPs 570:Rishi Sunak 498:Charles III 460:Legislature 437:Departments 332:Charles III 287:Prerogative 249:Charles III 237:The Monarch 201:Rule of law 174:Magna Carta 50:Predecessor 4926:Categories 4889:italicised 4738:Historical 4159:Wales (FM) 3798:30 January 3754:3 February 3115:Membership 2979:Education 2704:Background 2095:Montserrat 1686:Government 1602:Government 1445:Sadiq Khan 1373:Devolution 1064:1974 (Oct) 1059:1974 (Feb) 979:1910 (Dec) 751:Currencies 589:Opposition 282:Succession 116:Main organ 68:1999-07-01 4723:Scotland 4638:Proposals 4543:Elections 3231:Edinburgh 2896:Blackpool 2885:Location 2413:Palestine 2398:Singapore 2311:Hong Kong 2276:Australia 2176:UK-OT JMC 2089:Gibraltar 1856:Districts 1790:Districts 1707:Welsh law 1622:Scots law 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2286:Belgium 2220:history 2056:Bermuda 1915:History 1871:History 1842:History 1743:Regions 1734:History 1727:England 1398:England 884:1832–33 552:Speaker 364:Cabinet 125:Website 66: ( 4551:London 4285:Senedd 4185:Senedd 4035:London 3820:  3774:GOV.UK 3730:GOV.UK 3420:GOV.UK 3354:GOV.UK 3227:London 3095:Labour 3019:COP26 2837:  2814:  2798:Chair 2791:  2491:Brexit 2423:Poland 2388:Russia 2383:Norway 2343:Israel 2328:France 2318:Cyprus 2301:Canada 2296:Brunei 2291:Belize 1691:Senedd 4566:Wales 4477:Welsh 4097:Wales 3971:Wales 3605:(PDF) 3444:(PDF) 3184:Wales 2840:Wales 2769:Name 2622:Wales 2403:Spain 2368:Malta 2358:Kenya 2353:Japan 2348:Italy 2338:India 2306:China 1908:Wales 1630:Wales 761:Coins 105:Wales 4778:1974 4489:and 4413:2016 4408:2012 4403:1998 4393:2017 4388:2014 4383:2006 4378:1998 4363:2006 4358:1998 4348:2007 4343:1999 4114:2011 4109:1997 4103:1979 4090:1997 4084:1979 4071:1998 4058:2004 4045:2012 4040:1998 3818:ISBN 3800:2017 3756:2022 3666:2024 3641:2024 3616:2024 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395:list 369:list 242:list 79:Type 4495:MOJ 3206:). 3165:or 3016:7. 3008:6. 3000:5. 2992:4. 2984:3. 2976:2. 2968:1. 2960:No 2938:2. 2930:1. 2922:No 2553:G20 594:MPs 94:4: 45:IGR 4928:: 3854:. 3829:^ 3790:. 3772:. 3746:. 3728:. 3704:. 3683:. 3657:. 3632:. 3607:. 3584:. 3572:^ 3560:. 3540:. 3521:. 3501:. 3481:. 3461:. 3418:. 3398:. 3379:. 3362:^ 3352:. 3341:^ 3315:, 3311:, 3302:, 3298:, 3285:, 3281:, 3277:, 3252:, 3245:. 3233:, 3229:, 3182:, 3136:, 3074:, 3070:, 3066:, 3062:, 3058:, 2688:, 2676:, 2558:G7 2536:P5 2487:) 2231:/ 1878:: 1849:: 1796:) 1741:: 1664:, 1660:, 1580:, 143:on 4497:) 4493:( 4247:) 3991:) 3925:e 3918:t 3911:v 3802:. 3776:. 3758:. 3689:. 3668:. 3643:. 3618:. 3590:. 3546:. 3467:. 3446:. 3429:. 3404:. 3356:. 3190:. 2661:e 2654:t 2647:v 2483:( 2222:) 2218:( 2131:) 2112:( 1984:) 1968:( 1936:) 1932:( 1823:) 1819:( 1792:( 1786:) 1782:( 1754:) 1750:( 1668:) 1656:( 1649:) 1645:( 1584:) 1576:( 1501:) 1497:( 1432:) 1428:( 791:) 787:( 627:) 623:( 576:) 574:C 572:( 478:) 474:( 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Index


10 Downing Street
Intergovernmental organisation
United Kingdom
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
GOV.UK (Cabinet Office): Intergovernmental Relations
a series
Politics of the United Kingdom
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
Constitution
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
Treaty of Union
Acts of Union
Parliamentary sovereignty
Rule of law
Separation of powers
Other constitutional principles
The Crown
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
The Monarch
list
Charles III
Prince of Wales's feathers
Heir apparent
William, Prince of Wales
Royal family
Succession

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