304:
287:
The two "practical" textbooks remained in use in northern
Germany until the late 19th century. Hinrich Brarens worked as a nautical examiner for 30 years and examined some 3,500 candidates. A certificate issued by his school and signed by him in March 1826 bears the running number 3,422.
311:
In 1773 Hinrich Braren married his first wife Thur (née Früdden, born 15 March 1751 in Oldsum) who changed her name to
Dorothea Brarens in Tönning. She died in 1809. Hinrich Braren was married a second time to Margaretha, née Steffens, from
267:
received international acclaim and has been called the most advanced nautical textbook of its time in central Europe. This assessment is based on the fact that Braren not only published nautical lessons but was the first author to include
243:
During his work as a nautical teacher, Braren became aware of the lack of suitable books in German language since Dutch literature was common at the time. Therefore, he wrote the textbook
316:. His first marriage spawned ten children while the second marriage remained without child. His daughter Gundalena (born Jung Göntje Braren) married the
208:
Inspired by this expedition Braren settled down as a navigation teacher on Föhr and opened a private nautical school. In 1794 he was also a merchant and
636:
631:
324:
in 1806, four years later her sister Göntje married Sloman's brother John Miles. Gundalena's daughter Eliza was the mother of Swiss general
216:. In 1796 he was granted an examinator's license and the permission to establish a public nautical school. This school was later moved to
185:
as a whaler. In 1780 he changed to merchant shipping and was incidentally able to acquire the full command over one of the ships of his
465:
621:
616:
539:
503:
661:
181:
captain Brar
Hinrichen. Only aged 12 he went to sea with his father and each year from 1763 to 1780 he used to sail to
586:
567:
440:
205:, he received the order to support a Danish expedition that was determined to explore the east coast of Greenland.
641:
626:
611:
656:
291:
Apart from his nautical textbooks, Braren also wrote a philosophical and religious treatise in 1819:
281:
606:
277:
280:. Also, 150 years prior to its official introduction at German nautical academies, the topic of
562:(in German) (reprint ed.). Husum: Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 328–330.
651:
646:
8:
427:
Riewerts, Erich; Roeloffs, Brar C. (1991). "Eine
Familie im Dienst des Grönlandshandel".
321:
116:
233:
178:
162:
70:
165:. Within 30 years as a nautical teacher he examined about 3,500 navigator candidates.
582:
563:
461:
436:
190:
256:
260:
237:
202:
158:
532:
526:
520:
496:
490:
484:
213:
273:
225:
150:
600:
221:
209:
432:
325:
303:
198:
122:
229:
186:
173:
Hinrich Braren was born in 1751 in Oldsum on the North
Frisian island of
240:, Tönning had become an important commercial harbour for a short time.
194:
154:
217:
142:
66:
248:
182:
331:
After their removal to Tönning the family had changed their name to
251:
and had three further editions. In 1807 he wrote another textbook
497:
317:
313:
269:
47:
43:
491:
485:
293:
Gedanken ĂĽber die Frage: Was sind wir
Menschen? Was wissen wir?
174:
367:
Gedanken ĂĽber die Frage: Was sind wir
Menschen? Was wissen wir?
138:
39:
429:
Broder
Riewerts – Föhringer als Gröndlandfahrer von Kopenhagen
361:
105:
writing the first text book on navigation in German language
161:
and established the first public nautical school in the
581:(in German). Heide: Boyens & Co. pp. 25–29.
460:(in German). Amrum: Verlag Jens Quedens. p. 23.
579:
224:when Braren was posted there as inspector for the
153:and nautical examiner. He wrote the first book on
598:
533:
426:
527:
521:
458:Föhrer Grönlandfahrt im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert
394:von Levetzau, Th. F. (1828). "Hinrich Braren".
373:
364:
354:
349:(in German). Magdeburg: Wilhelm Heinrichshofen.
344:
97:Navigator, nautical examiner, pilot inspector
393:
422:
420:
418:
396:Schleswig-Holsteinische Provinzialberichte
455:
351:Further editions in 1807, 1819 and 1844.
302:
245:System der praktischen Steuermannskunde
637:19th-century Danish non-fiction writers
632:18th-century Danish non-fiction writers
415:
347:System der praktischen Steuermannskunde
599:
576:
557:
560:Geschlechterreihen St. Laurentii-Föhr
253:System der praktischen Schifferkunde
540:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
504:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
357:System der praktischen Schifferkunde
265:System der praktischen Schifferkunde
193:. In 1786, while Braren sailed from
13:
387:
14:
673:
320:based ship-owner and ship-broker
307:Hinrich Brarens' house in Tönning
298:
338:
284:was already part of this book.
247:which was published in 1800 in
510:
474:
449:
1:
403:
359:(in German). Friedrichstadt.
149:, was a Danish sea captain,
7:
622:19th-century Danish sailors
617:18th-century Danish sailors
10:
678:
382:] (in German). Altona.
456:Faltings, Jan I. (2011).
282:human resource management
109:
101:
93:
85:
77:
55:
25:
18:
662:People from Wyk auf Föhr
435:: Karl Wacholtz Verlag.
345:Hinrich Brarens (1800).
255:and in 1820 he edited a
558:Braren, Lorenz (1980).
278:business administration
203:Royal Greenlandic Trade
168:
308:
627:Danish civil servants
612:Danish Frisian people
398:(in German): 225–227.
374:—, ed. (1820).
306:
228:on the Eider and the
577:Zacchi, Uwe (1986).
220:at the mouth of the
642:People from Tönning
322:Robert Miles Sloman
117:Robert Miles Sloman
657:People from Oldsum
551:General references
309:
234:Continental System
197:to Greenland as a
189:ship-owner in the
163:Duchy of Schleswig
145:), later known as
71:Duchy of Schleswig
467:978-3-924422-95-0
191:Mediterranean Sea
141:– 4 August 1826,
137:(31 August 1751,
132:
131:
669:
592:
573:
544:
535:
529:
523:
514:
508:
499:
493:
487:
478:
472:
471:
453:
447:
446:
424:
399:
383:
380:Nautical almanac
370:
365:— (1819).
360:
355:— (1807).
350:
257:nautical almanac
125:(great-grandson)
86:Other names
62:
35:
33:
16:
15:
677:
676:
672:
671:
670:
668:
667:
666:
597:
596:
595:
589:
570:
548:
547:
515:
511:
479:
475:
468:
454:
450:
443:
425:
416:
406:
390:
388:Further reading
341:
301:
238:Napoleonic Wars
226:maritime pilots
171:
159:German language
151:pilot inspector
147:Hinrich Brarens
128:
89:Hinrich Brarens
73:
64:
60:
51:
37:
31:
29:
21:
12:
11:
5:
675:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
607:North Frisians
594:
593:
587:
574:
568:
554:
553:
552:
546:
545:
537:in the online
509:
501:in the online
473:
466:
448:
441:
413:
412:
411:
410:
405:
402:
401:
400:
389:
386:
385:
384:
371:
362:
352:
340:
337:
300:
297:
274:law of the sea
170:
167:
135:Hinrich Braren
130:
129:
127:
126:
120:
113:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:Known for
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
65:
63:(aged 74)
57:
53:
52:
38:
36:31 August 1751
27:
23:
22:
20:Hinrich Braren
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
674:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
590:
588:3-8042-0359-0
584:
580:
575:
571:
569:3-88042-092-0
565:
561:
556:
555:
550:
549:
542:
541:
536:
530:
524:
518:
517:Wille, Ulrich
513:
506:
505:
500:
494:
488:
482:
481:Wille , Eliza
477:
469:
463:
459:
452:
444:
442:3-529-02716-2
438:
434:
431:(in German).
430:
423:
421:
419:
414:
408:
407:
397:
392:
391:
381:
377:
372:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
342:
336:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
305:
299:Personal life
296:
294:
289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
232:. Due to the
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:harbourmaster
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:Occupation(s)
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
59:4 August 1826
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
28:
24:
17:
578:
559:
538:
516:
512:
502:
480:
476:
457:
451:
428:
395:
379:
375:
369:(in German).
366:
356:
346:
339:Bibliography
332:
330:
326:Ulrich Wille
310:
292:
290:
286:
264:
252:
244:
242:
214:Wyk auf Föhr
207:
199:seal catcher
172:
146:
134:
133:
123:Ulrich Wille
119:(son-in-law)
61:(1826-08-04)
652:1826 deaths
647:1751 births
376:Besteckbuch
236:during the
230:Eider Canal
222:Eider river
78:Nationality
601:Categories
433:NeumĂĽnster
404:References
195:Copenhagen
155:navigation
32:1751-08-31
409:Citations
249:Magdeburg
183:Greenland
110:Relatives
201:for the
534:Italian
498:Italian
333:Brarens
318:Hamburg
314:Itzehoe
270:physics
218:Tönning
179:whaling
143:Tönning
67:Tönning
48:Germany
44:Denmark
585:
566:
528:French
522:German
492:French
486:German
464:
439:
261:Altona
139:Oldsum
81:Danish
40:Oldsum
378:[
187:Dutch
46:(now
583:ISBN
564:ISBN
531:and
519:in
495:and
483:in
462:ISBN
437:ISBN
276:and
175:Föhr
169:Life
56:Died
26:Born
259:in
212:in
177:to
157:in
603::
525:,
489:,
417:^
335:.
328:.
295:.
272:,
263:.
69:,
42:,
591:.
572:.
543:.
507:.
470:.
445:.
50:)
34:)
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.