176:, 1925). Bellmer's doll project is also said to have been catalysed by a series of events in his personal life. Hans Bellmer takes credit for provoking a physical crisis in his father and brings his own artistic creativity into association with childhood insubordination and resentment toward a severe and humorless paternal authority. Perhaps this is one reason for the nearly universal, unquestioning acceptance in the literature of Bellmer's promotion of his art as a struggle against his father, the police, and ultimately, fascism and the state. Events of his personal life also including meeting a beautiful teenage cousin in 1932 (and perhaps other unattainable beauties), attending a performance of Jacques Offenbach's
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flax fiber, glue, and plaster; a mask-like head of the same material with glass eyes and a long, unkempt wig; and a pair of legs made from broomsticks or dowel rods. One of these legs terminated in a wooden, club-like foot; the other was encased in a more naturalistic plaster shell, jointed at the knee and ankle. As the project progressed, Bellmer made a second set of hollow plaster legs, with wooden ball joints for the doll's hips and knees. There were no arms to the first sculpture, but
Bellmer did fashion or find a single wooden hand, which appears among the assortment of doll parts the artist documented in an untitled photograph of 1934, as well as in several photographs of later work.
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274:, who became his companion until her suicide in 1970. He continued working into the 1960s. Of his own work, Bellmer said, "What is at stake here is a totally new unity of form, meaning and feeling: language-images that cannot simply be thought up or written up ⊠They constitute new, multifaceted objects, resembling polyplanes made of mirrors ⊠As if the illogical was relaxation, as if laughter was permitted while thinking, as if error was a way and chance, a proof of eternity.â
180:(in which a man falls tragically in love with an automaton), and receiving a box of his old toys. After these events, he began to actually construct his first dolls. In his works, Bellmer explicitly sexualized the doll as a young girl. The dolls incorporated the principle of "ball joint", which was inspired by a pair of sixteenth-century articulated wooden dolls in the
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Bellmer produced the first doll in Berlin in 1933. Long since lost, the assemblage can nevertheless be correctly described thanks to approximately two dozen photographs
Bellmer took at the time of its construction. Standing about fifty-six inches tall, the doll consisted of a modeled torso made of
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by declaring that he would make no work that would support the new German state. Represented by mutated forms and unconventional poses, his dolls (according to this view) were directed specifically at the cult of the perfect body then prominent in
Germany.
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After the war, Bellmer lived the rest of his life in Paris. Bellmer gave up doll-making and spent the following decades creating erotic drawings, etchings, sexually explicit photographs, paintings, and prints of pubescent girls. In 1954, he met
328:, the monster designer of the game, commented on this saying that they had no influence on his design of the Mannequin; instead his inspiration came from traditional Japanese folklore.
235:" (living pictures). The book was not credited to him, as he worked in isolation, and his photographs remained almost unknown in Germany. Yet Bellmer's work was eventually declared
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Bellmer is most famous for the creation of a series of dolls as well as photographs of them. He was influenced in his choice of art form in part by reading the published letters of
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868:, Hans Bellmer, Atlas Press, London, 2006, trans. Malcolm Green (first complete translation of Bellmer's suite of essays, poems and photos from the final German version)
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358:
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Brown, Steven T. 2010. "Machinic
Desires: Hans Bellmer's Dolls and the Technological Uncanny in Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence". Mechademia. 3, no. 1: 222â253.
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Fabrice
Flahutez, « Bellmer illustrateur de Bataille. Des piĂšces inĂ©dites au dossier des gravures dâHistoire de lâĆil (1945â1947) », in
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2024:
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231:), produced and published privately in Germany, contains 10 black-and-white photographs of Bellmer's first doll arranged in a series of "
1968:
1973:
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115:(13 March 1902 â 24 February 1975) was a German artist, best known for his drawings, etchings that illustrates the 1940 edition of
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590:, translated and with an introduction by Malcolm Green in a facsimile of the 1962 German edition, London, Atlas Press, 2005,
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Jonathan
Hirschfeld has claimed (without further argumentation) that Bellmer initiated his doll project to oppose the
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Fabrice
Flahutez, « Hans Bellmer et Georges Bataille, une collaboration éditoriale », cat. exhib. (French)
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by the Nazi Party, and he was forced to flee
Germany to France in 1938, where Bellmer's work was welcomed by the
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1967: Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover; Kunst-Verein, Berlin; Galerie
Wolfgang Ketterer, Munich; "Hans Bellmerâ
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892:
Fabrice
Flahutez, « Hans Bellmer : lâanagramme poĂ©tique au service dâun rĂȘve surrĂ©aliste »,
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contains clear references to Bellmer's work, including the protagonist's obsessive relationship with a
1993:
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Hans Bellmer, die Spiele der Puppe. Zu den Puppendarstellungen in der bildenden Kunst von 1914â1938
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Der Garten der LĂŒste, Zur Deutung des Erotischen und Sexuellen bei KĂŒnstlern und ihren Interpreten
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He aided the French Resistance during the war by making fake passports. He was imprisoned in the
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1988:
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1943:
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629:"Hans Bellmer in The Art Institute of Chicago: The Wandering Libido and the Hysterical Body"
2019:
2014:
1938:
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576:"88, Impasse de l'Espérance," 1975. (Originally written in 1960 for an uncompleted book by
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used images of Bellmer's dolls for the front cover and liner notes of their final album,
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film, features elements of Bellmer's erotic and uncanny dolls. Additionally, director
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654:[https://web.archive.org/web/20180920083912/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5087189 Archived
475:, Paris; "Hand Bellmer: Anatomie du DĂ©sirâ; Whitechapel Gallery, London 'Hans Bellmer'
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he produced in the mid-1930s. Historians of art and photography also consider him a
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Pars pro toto, Zum VerhĂ€ltnis von kĂŒnstlerischer Freiheit und sexueller IntegritĂ€t
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1983: Centre Georges Pompidou and Filipacchi, Paris; "Hans Bellmer, Photographeâ
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Bellmer died 24 February 1975 of bladder cancer. He was buried beside ZĂŒrn at
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2008:
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153:). Up until 1926, he worked as a draftsman for his own advertising company.
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named Mannequin bears a strong resemblance to Bellmer's dolls. However,
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in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
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Die Puppe: Die Puppe, Die Spiele der Puppe, und Die Anatomie des Bildes
542:, No. 4, Spring 1958. (Translated to French by Robert Valançay in 1936)
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and the use of Bellmer's name as a leading character, Lisa Bellmer.
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camp for German nationals, from September 1939 until the end of the
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212:, but returned to Berlin because his wife Margarete was dying of
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999:, Hans Bellmer, trans. Malcolm Green. Atlas Press, London 2006,
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has referred to Bellmer's dolls as an inspiration for the film.
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150:
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Death, Desire and the Doll: The Life and Art of Hans Bellmer.
399:, Paris; Galerie Brusberg, Hannover; "Hommage Ă Hans Bellmerâ
308:
849:, Christian Dérouet (curator), Musée ZERVOS à Vézelay, 2012.
696:
Death, Desire and the Doll: The Life and Art of Hans Bellmer
616:
Death, Desire and the Doll: The Life and Art of Hans Bellmer
1983:
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He visited Paris in 1935 and made contacts there, such as
927:, Anders Malmburg, Malmo and Timothy Baum, New York, 1993
876:
368:, London; Bellmer's de Sade Engravings (closed by police)
956:. In: Renate Berger, Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat (Hrsg.):
440:, Issoudun; "Hans Bellmer par son Graveur CĂ©cile Reimsâ
766:
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Sous le signe de Bataille. Masson, Fautrier, Bellmer
917:, Paris, Nouvelles Ăditions Doubleff, 1999.(French)
761:
790:"Ghost in the Shell 2:Innocence â The Inspiration"
1091:, showing the complete series of the first book,
1013:. University of California Press, New York 2001,
506:, 1936. (Translated to French by Robert Valançay)
2006:
910:, Paris, Jean-Pierre Faur Ăditeur, 1999.(French)
458:, Berlin; "Photographs and Drawings for the 30sâ
915:Catalogue raisonné des estampes de Hans Bellmer
856:, n°227â228, mars 2010, p. 27â32.(French)
561:, 1962. (Text by Bellmer with Poems by Eluard)
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923:. "Hans Bellmer:The Infestation of Eros", in
908:Hans Bellmer : Le Principe de Perversion
884:Behind Closed Doors: The Art of Hans Bellmer,
1011:Behind Closed Doors. The Art of Hans Bellmer
896:, n° 52, Paris, 2001, p. 79â94.(French)
467:Behind Closed Doors: The Art of Hans Bellmer
75:Photography, sculpture, painting, and poetry
1974:London International Surrealist Exhibition
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901:La fabrique de la poupée chez Hans Bellmer
660:It's a Doll's Life, Jonathan Hirschfeld,
409:, Hannover; "Hans Bellmer, Photographienâ
1969:Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme
814:
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392:; "Hans Bellmer, Drawings and Sculpture.
195:
155:
1043:. Hatje Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern 2006,
972:Hans Bellmer. Le principe de perversion
903:, Paris, Ă©d. L'Harmattan, 2000.(French)
518:, 1944. (Text by Bellmer with Poems by
385:, Paris; "Hans Bellmer (retrospective)â
344:He was portrayed in the 2023 TV series
2007:
510:Trois Tableaux, Sept Dessins, Un Texte
1127:
1039:Michael Semff/Anthony Spira (Hrsg.):
823:from the original on 15 February 2015
447:, Paris; "Bellmer Graveur, 1902â1975â
284:
281:with a tomb marked "Bellmer â ZĂŒrn".
160:Bellmer and Zurn's gravestone at the
2100:Deaths from bladder cancer in France
2025:Artists from the Province of Silesia
1057:. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 2002,
1055:Hans Bellmer. The Anatomy of Anxiety
949:(zugl. FU Dissertation, Berlin 2002)
873:Hans Bellmer: The Anatomy of Anxiety
739:"Bound: Hans Bellmer and Unica Zurn"
698:. Chicago: Solar Books. p. 81.
693:
689:
687:
618:. Gardena: Solar Books, 2006, 19â21.
331:The New Yorkâbased avant-garde band
318:A creature from the 2001 video game
792:. DreamWorks and Go Fish Pictures.
463:International Center of Photography
390:Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago
13:
931:
749:from the original on 14 March 2013
14:
2111:
2080:Burials at PĂšre Lachaise Cemetery
1923:The Surrealist Group in Stockholm
1082:
960:. DuMont, Köln 1985, S. 150â199,
796:from the original on 17 July 2011
684:
582:L'Homme qui a Perdu son Squelette
486:Double Sexus: Bellmer â Bourgeois
2090:20th-century French male artists
986:Die Zeichnungen von Hans Bellmer
635:from the original on 26 May 2005
137:Bellmer was born in the city of
988:. PropylÀen-Verlag, Berlin 1969
860:Hans Bellmer: Anatomie du DĂ©sir
808:
782:
773:
614:Webb, Peter, and Robert Short.
491:
304:Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence
223:Bellmer's 1934 anonymous book,
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887:University of California Press
730:
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712:
675:
666:
647:
621:
608:
553:Friedrich Schröder-Sonnenstern
351:
16:German artist and photographer
1:
2085:20th-century French sculptors
1868:Bureau of Surrealist Research
737:Oisteanu, Valery (May 2012).
601:
2045:20th-century French painters
2030:20th-century German painters
1071:Quartet Books, New York 1985
397:Galerie André Francois Petit
132:
121:, and the life-sized female
7:
941:. VDG-Verlag, Weimar 2005,
378:, Amsterdam; "Hans Bellmerâ
10:
2116:
1074:Peter Webb, Robert Short:
1067:Peter Webb, Robert Short:
854:Les Nouvelles de lâestampe
423:, New York; "Hans Bellmerâ
2075:French surrealist artists
2070:German surrealist artists
1994:Paranoiac-critical method
1931:
1840:
1537:
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925:A Hans Bellmer Miscellany
445:Musée-Galerie de la Seita
432:Hans Bellmer: Photographs
421:Isidore Ducasse Fine Arts
96:
79:
71:
55:
30:
23:
1878:Chicago Surrealist Group
1863:British Surrealist Group
1095:(in its French version,
839:
727:Webb and Short, 148, 180
416:, London; "Hans Bellmerâ
2060:German modern sculptors
672:Webb and Short, 20, 31.
473:Centre Georges Pompidou
361:, Paris; "Hans Bellmerâ
182:Kaiser Friedrich Museum
2055:German modern painters
1989:Abstract expressionism
1858:Birmingham Surrealists
1547:Maxime Moses Alexandre
1524:Radojica ĆœivanoviÄ Noe
1189:Jacques-André Boiffard
1009:Therese Lichtenstein:
882:Therese Lichtenstein,
817:"Twitter announcement"
525:"Post-scriptum," from
516:Les Jeux de la Poupée
359:Galerie Daniel Cordier
279:PĂšre Lachaise Cemetery
205:
165:
162:PĂšre-Lachaise cemetery
2095:French male sculptors
2040:German male sculptors
1959:Surrealist techniques
1944:Surrealist automatism
1888:Fighting Cock Society
1627:Roger Gilbert-Lecomte
1612:Vratislav Effenberger
1552:Guillaume Apollinaire
565:Oracles et Spectacles
549:, No. 4, Spring 1958.
533:L'Anatomie de l'Image
366:Robert Fraser Gallery
199:
159:
2065:People from Katowice
2050:French male painters
2035:German male painters
1939:Surrealist Manifesto
1893:The Firesign Theatre
1677:Comte de Lautréamont
1108:MoMA Collection Page
1103:Tate Collection Page
1026:Den Puppen verfallen
984:Alex Grall (Hrsg.):
974:. Faur, Paris 1999,
770:Webb and Short, 187.
694:Webb, Peter (2004).
529:by Unica ZĂŒrn, 1954.
481:Neue Nationalgalerie
1827:Marianne Van Hirtum
1802:Simon Watson Taylor
1264:Christian Dotremont
718:Webb and Short, 81.
681:Webb and Short, 30.
547:Le SurrĂ©alisme MĂȘme
540:Le SurrĂ©alisme MĂȘme
428:Krannert Art Museum
414:Editions Graphiques
407:Kestnergesellschaft
141:, then part of the
1304:Alberto Giacometti
1294:Gordon Onslow Ford
1229:Leonora Carrington
1078:Solar Books, 2006.
913:Fabrice Flahutez,
656:2018-09-20 at the
285:In popular culture
206:
166:
2002:
2001:
1979:Women surrealists
1949:Surrealist cinema
1797:Philippe Soupault
1429:BenjamĂn Palencia
1049:978-3-7757-1793-9
1023:Gottfried Sello:
894:Histoire de lâart
862:(2006, ).(French)
743:The Brooklyn Rail
545:"Strip-tease" in
430:, Champaign, IL;
178:Tales of Hoffmann
118:Histoire de lâĆil
110:
109:
2107:
1954:Surrealist music
1873:Chicago Imagists
1853:Les Automatistes
1792:Louis Scutenaire
1732:VĂtÄzslav Nezval
1572:Georges Bataille
1489:Dorothea Tanning
1474:JindĆich Ć tyrskĂœ
1449:Aminollah Rezaei
1344:Jacqueline Lamba
1334:Gerome Kamrowski
1279:Curt Echtermeyer
1234:Ithell Colquhoun
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921:Robert C. Morgan
906:Pierre Dourthe,
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578:GisĂšle Prassinos
456:Galerie Berinson
438:Musée Saint-Roch
376:Stedelijk Museum
233:tableaux vivants
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59:24 February 1975
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1767:Raymond Queneau
1762:Jacques Prévert
1752:Rastko PetroviÄ
1712:Robert Melville
1692:Georges Limbour
1672:Philip Lamantia
1577:Monny de Boully
1539:
1533:
1519:James F. Walker
1509:Albert Valentin
1499:Kristians Tonny
1469:Martin Stejskal
1444:Toni del Renzio
1424:Wolfgang Paalen
1419:MĂ©ret Oppenheim
1399:E. L. T. Mesens
1364:Georges Malkine
1299:Esteban Francés
1259:Ăscar DomĂnguez
1214:Jacques Brunius
1209:Emmy Bridgwater
1157:
1152:
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991:Malcolm Green:
952:Renate Berger:
937:Marvin Altner:
934:
932:Further reading
899:CĂ©line Masson,
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252:Camp des Milles
200:Sketch for the
170:Oskar Kokoschka
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1319:Jacques HĂ©rold
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1309:Julio GonzĂĄlez
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1274:Marcel Duhamel
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1199:Victor Brauner
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1918:Refus Global
1913:Monty Python
1832:Roger Vitrac
1812:Dylan Thomas
1782:Marko RistiÄ
1772:Herbert Read
1657:Nelly Kaplan
1652:Alfred Jarry
1642:IrĂšne Hamoir
1637:Julien Gracq
1582:André Breton
1557:Louis Aragon
1464:André Souris
1389:Oscar Mellor
1374:André Masson
1254:Paul Delvaux
1224:Claude Cahun
1184:Hans Bellmer
1183:
1179:EugĂšne Atget
1113:Hans Bellmer
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1089:SF MOMA page
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1053:Sue Taylor:
1041:Hans Bellmer
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993:Introduction
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871:Sue Taylor.
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637:. Retrieved
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492:Bibliography
485:
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466:
465:, New York;
454:, New York;
431:
343:
336:
330:
326:Masahiro Ito
319:
317:
313:Mamoru Oshii
302:
301:
290:
288:
276:
268:
249:
245:André Breton
237:"degenerate"
228:
224:
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214:tuberculosis
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204:series, 1932
201:
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113:Hans Bellmer
112:
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89:
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81:Notable work
61:(1975-02-24)
25:Hans Bellmer
18:
2020:1975 deaths
2015:1902 births
1707:DuĆĄan MatiÄ
1617:Paul Ăluard
1602:René Daumal
1597:René Crevel
1538:Writers and
1494:Karel Teige
1484:Yves Tanguy
1339:Wifredo Lam
1329:Frida Kahlo
1289:Leonor Fini
1219:Luis Buñuel
1194:Bill Brandt
1169:Eileen Agar
753:18 December
520:Paul Eluard
452:Ubu Gallery
352:Exhibitions
292:Love Object
241:Surrealists
210:Paul Ăluard
174:Der Fetisch
105:Berlin Dada
2009:Categories
1903:Grup d'Elx
1883:Dau al Set
1737:Paul Nougé
1722:Max Morise
1717:René Ménil
1529:Unica ZĂŒrn
1404:Lee Miller
1155:Surrealism
602:References
527:Hexentexte
333:Naked City
272:Unica ZĂŒrn
264:Phoney War
260:brickworks
254:prison at
190:Nazi Party
127:Surrealist
101:Surrealism
37:1902-03-13
1898:The Goons
1742:Paul PÄun
1697:LĂ©o Malet
1662:Petr KrĂĄl
1632:Yvan Goll
1540:Theorists
1414:Joan MirĂł
1349:Dora Maar
1284:Max Ernst
1239:Gala DalĂ
1097:La Poupée
1093:Die Puppe
800:21 August
580:entitled
504:La Poupée
498:Die Puppe
307:, a 2004
229:Die Puppe
202:Die Puppe
139:Kattowitz
133:Biography
90:La Poupée
86:Die Puppe
45:Kattowitz
1848:Acéphale
1454:Kay Sage
1174:Jean Arp
1099:, 1936).
1033:Die Zeit
997:The Doll
866:The Doll
821:Archived
794:Archived
747:Archived
633:Archived
588:The Doll
484:Berlin;
338:Absinthe
297:sex doll
225:The Doll
147:Katowice
97:Movement
88:(1934),
1932:Related
1439:Man Ray
1162:Artists
889:, 2001.
879:Press).
875:(2002,
662:Haaretz
639:13 June
573:, 1967.
567:, 1965.
555:, 1959.
535:, 1957.
512:, 1944.
500:, 1934.
243:around
188:of the
186:fascism
1841:Groups
1061:
1047:
1017:
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978:
964:
945:
827:5 June
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478:2010:
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419:1990:
412:1985:
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395:1976:
388:1975:
381:1971:
374:1970:
364:1966:
357:1963:
151:Poland
92:(1935)
1504:Toyen
995:, in
840:Notes
309:anime
145:(now
123:dolls
1984:Dada
1059:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1030:In:
1015:ISBN
1001:ISBN
976:ISBN
962:ISBN
943:ISBN
829:2013
802:2011
755:2012
700:ISBN
641:2005
592:ISBN
258:, a
56:Died
31:Born
877:MIT
341:..
2011::
819:.
763:^
745:.
741:.
686:^
631:.
348:.
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149:,
103:,
47:,
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227:(
172:(
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39:)
35:(
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