History of Greece - Knowledge

6523:, pp. 150–151: "By the beginning of the First World War, a majority of the region's ethnic Greeks still lived in present-day Turkey, mostly in Thrace (the only remaining Ottoman territory in Europe, abutting the Greek border), and along the Aegean and Black Sea coasts. They would be targeted both prior to and alongside the Armenians of Anatolia and Assyrians of Anatolia and Mesopotamia...The major populations of "Anatolian Greeks" include those along the Aegean coast and in Cappadocia (central Anatolia), but not the Greeks of the Thrace region west of the Bosphorus...A "Christian genocide" framing acknowledges the historic claims of Assyrian and Greek peoples, and the movements now stirring for recognition and restitution among Greek and Assyrian diasporas. It also brings to light the quite staggering cumulative death toll among the various Christian groups targeted...of the 1.5 million Greeks of Asia minor – Ionians, Pontians, and Cappadocians – approximately 750,000 were massacred and 750,000 exiled. Pontian deaths alone totaled 353,000." 66: 5326: 2624: 6175:, p. 5: "The earliest Neolithic sites with developed agricultural economies in Europe dated 8500–9000 BPE are found in Greece. The general features of the material culture of the Greek Neolithic and the genetic features of the preserved crops and associated weeds of the earliest Greek Neolithic sites point to Near Eastern origins. How these Near Eastern migrants reached Greece is a matter of speculation...Our data support the Anatolian rather than the Levantine route because they consistently show the Aegean islands to be connected to the Near East through Anatolia. Archaeological evidence from Greek and Near Eastern and Anatolian Neolithic sites suggest that multiple waves of Neolithic migrants reached Greece and Southern Europe. Most likely multiple routes were used in these migrations but, as our data show, the maritime route and island hopping was prominent." 6420:, p. 45: "The Greeks never lost their desire to escape from the heavy hand of the Turks, bad government, the impressment of their children, the increasingly heavy taxation, and the sundry caprices of the conqueror. Indeed, anyone studying the last two centuries of Byzantine rule cannot help being struck by the propensity of the Greeks to flee misfortune. The routes they chiefly took were: first, to the predominantly Greek territories, which were either still free or Frankish-controlled (that is to say, the Venetian fortresses in the Despotate of Morea, as well as in the Aegean and Ionian Islands) or else to Italy and the West generally; second, to remote mountain districts in the interior where the conqueror's yoke was not yet felt." 5216: 4714: 3550: 2640: 4596:. When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1853, Greek leaders saw an opportunity to expand North and South into Ottoman areas that had a Christian majority. However, Greece did not coordinate its plans with Russia, did not declare war, and received no outside military or financial support. The French and British seized its major port and effectively neutralized the Greek army. Greek efforts to cause insurrections failed as they were easily crushed by Ottoman forces. Greece was not invited to the peace conference and made no gains out of the war. The frustrated Greek leadership blamed the King for failing to take advantage of the situation; his popularity plunged and he was later forced to abdicate. The 4858: 4726: 4581: 4651: 4628:

per km). One response was emigration to the United States, with a quarter million people leaving between 1906 and 1914. Entrepreneurs found numerous business opportunities in the retail and restaurant sectors of American cities; some sent money back to their families, others returned with hundreds of dollars, enough to purchase a farm or a small business in the old village. The urban population tripled from 8% in 1853 to 24% in 1907. Athens grew from a village of 6000 people in 1834, when it became the capital, to 63,000 in 1879, 111,000 in 1896, and 167,000 in 1907.

5046: 5026:"Between 1941 and 1945, over 8% of the Greek population had died; some 2000 villages and small towns had been razed to the ground; starvation was widespread due to the destruction of crops and worsened in many parts of Greece after liberation when agricultural labourers migrated to urban centres to escape politically inspired violence in the countryside; trade either internally or externally had all but ceased; most of Greece's merchant marine lay at the bottom of the sea; and motorized transport had been confiscated by the axis occupiers." 4505: 4893: 2267: 3018: 4748: 4877: 3797: 3574: 3781: 3303: 4052: 4617: 1833: 2533:, then still later, in some areas, an aristocracy within an aristocracy—an elite of the elite. Warfare shifted from a focus on the cavalry to a great emphasis on infantry. Due to its cheapness of production and local availability, iron replaced bronze as the metal of choice in the manufacturing of tools and weapons. Slowly, however, equality grew among the different sects of people, leading to the dethronement of the various kings and the rise of the family. 13255: 6535:, p. 166: "An estimate of the Pontian Greek death toll at all stages of the anti-Christian genocide is about 350,000; for all the Greeks of the Ottoman realm taken together, the toll surely exceeded half a million, and may approach the 900,000 killed that a team of US researchers found in the early postwar period. Most surviving Greeks were expelled to Greece as part of the tumultuous "population exchanges" that set the seal on a heavily "Turkified" state." 13265: 2095: 4912: 2278: 1225: 476: 540: 4179: 3956: 3342: 4082:, with artists showing great interest in depicting natural landscapes with wild animals and scenes from the hunt. Mosaics became more realistic and vivid, with an increased emphasis on depicting three-dimensional forms. With its love of luxury and passion for color, the art of this age delighted in the production of masterpieces that spread the fame of Byzantium throughout the Christian world. 4493: 1736:, dated to 210,000 years ago. Currently known anthropological and archaeological finds allow the division of the Paleolithic in the Greek area into Lower (700,000–100,000 BP), Middle (100,000–35,000 BP) and Upper Palaeolithic (35,000–11,000 BP). There are, to date, few sites of the Lower Paleolithic, whereas there are more of the Middle and Upper. This is partly due to the intense 3931:(726–787 and 814–842) allowed the successful resumption of missionary action among neighboring peoples and their placement within the sphere of Byzantine cultural influence. During this period, the Empire was geographically reduced and economically damaged since it lost wealth-producing regions. However, it obtained greater lingual, dogmatic, and cultural homogeneity. 5107: 2215:), large circular burial chambers with a high-vaulted roof and straight entry passage lined with stone. They often buried daggers or some other form of military equipment with the deceased. Nobility was also often buried with gold masks, tiaras, armor, and jeweled weapons. Mycenaeans were buried in a sitting position, and some of the nobility underwent 2588:, modifying it to create the Greek alphabet. From about the 9th century BC, written records begin to appear. Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern largely dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley, and plain is cut off from its neighbors by the sea or mountain ranges. 6192:, Chapter 2: "Before the Mycenaean Age", pp. 11–33 and passim); for a different hypothesis excluding massive migrations and favoring an autochthonous scenario, see Colin Renfrew's "Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin" ( 5432:

led SYRIZA to victory in the general election held on 25 January 2015, falling short of an outright majority in Parliament by just two seats. The following morning, Tsipras reached an agreement with Independent Greeks party to form a coalition, and he was sworn in as Prime Minister of Greece. Tsipras

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on the basis of religion. Over one million Orthodox Christians left Turkey in exchange for 400,000 Muslims from Greece. The events of 1919–1922 are regarded in Greece as a particularly calamitous period of history. Between 1914 and 1923, an estimated 750,000 to 900,000 Greeks died at the hands of the

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in 477 BC. Initially, each city in the League would contribute ships and soldiers to a common army, but in time Athens allowed (and then compelled) the smaller cities to contribute funds so that it could supply their quota of ships. Secession from the League could be punished. Following military

2443:. Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe. Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, art, and architecture of the modern world, particularly during the 5150:

The war, which lasted from 1946 to 1949, was characterised by guerilla warfare between the KKE forces and Greek governmental forces mainly in the mountain ranges of northern Greece. The war ended with the NATO bombing of Mount Grammos and the final defeat of the KKE forces. The civil war left Greece

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In Athens and other cities, men arriving from rural areas set up workshops and stores, creating a middle class. They joined with bankers, professional men, university students, and military officers, to demand reform and modernization of the political and economic system. Athens became the center of

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is generally understudied in Greece because research has traditionally focused on the later parts of prehistory (Neolithic, Bronze Age) and the Classical times. Nevertheless, significant advances have been achieved over recent years, and the archaeological record has been enriched with new material,

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portrayed animals in dazzling color, such as lions, elephants, eagles, and griffins confronting each other, or Emperors gorgeously arrayed on horseback or engaged in the chase. The eyes of many patrons were attracted and the economy of Greece grew. In the provinces, regional schools of architecture

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and originally included six KKE-affiliated ministers. In the third phase (called by some the "Third Round"), guerrilla forces controlled by the KKE fought against the internationally recognized Greek government which was formed after elections were boycotted by the KKE. Although the involvement of

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In the late 19th century, modernization transformed the social structure of Greece. The population grew rapidly, putting heavy pressure on the system of small farms with low productivity. Overall, population density more than doubled from 41 persons per square mile in 1829 to 114 in 1912 (16 to 44

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and Peloponnesian Leagues, as Athens was technically defending a new ally. The Corinthians turned to Sparta for aid. Fearing the growing might of Athens and witnessing Athens' willingness to use it against the Megarians (the embargo would have ruined them), Sparta declared the treaty violated, and

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In 2024, the Greek economy is forecast to grow nearly 3%, meaning it approaches its pre-crisis size of 2009 and far outpacing the euro zone average economic growth of 0.8%. On 31 August 2024, Greece declared a state of emergency in Volos after more than 100 metric tons of dead fish were recovered

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as its currency in 2001. New infrastructure funds from the EU and growing revenues from tourism, shipping, services, light industry and the telecommunications industry have brought Greeks an unprecedented standard of living. Tensions continue to exist between Greece and Turkey over Cyprus and the

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The first phase of the civil war occurred in 1943–1944. Marxist and non-Marxist resistance groups fought each other in a fratricidal conflict to establish the leadership of the Greek resistance movement. In the second phase (December 1944), the ascendant communists, in military control of most of

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was the last Greek ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the ever-increasing power of Rome. Under his auspices, the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought conflict between Macedon and the Greek leagues to an end, and at this time he

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in April 1941. Axis units from Germany, Bulgaria, and Italy successfully invaded Greece, through Yugoslavia, forcing out the Greek defenders. The Greek government eventually decided to stop the fighting and thus stopped sending ammunition and supplies to the northern front and the defenders were

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in the 12th century, Greece prospered. Recent research has revealed that this period was a time of significant growth in the rural economy, with rising population levels and extensive tracts of new agricultural land being brought into production. The widespread construction of new rural churches

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in Athens held out the chance for peace, but the Athenian navy, which remained committed to the democracy, refused to accept the change and continued fighting in Athens' name. The navy recalled Alcibiades, who had been forced to abandon the Spartan cause after reputedly seducing the wife of

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from 324 to 610. Assimilating the Roman tradition, the emperors sought to build the foundation for later developments and formation of the Empire. The early centuries of the Empire were marked by efforts to secure its borders and restore the Roman territories, as well as the formation and

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Paleolithic finds from Greece were first reported in 1867, but the first organized research on the sites was conducted many years later, between 1927 and 1931, by the Austrian archaeologist Adalbert Markovits. The first excavation of a Paleolithic site took place in 1942 at Seidi Cave in

6330:(Oxford University Press, 2011), 25;" his campaigns in Central Asia brought Khwarazm, Sogdia and Bactria under Graeco-Macedonian rule. As elsewhere, Alexander founded or renamed a number of cities, such as Alexandria Eschate ("Outernmost Alexandria", near modern Khojent in Tajikistan)." 3058:, the Athenian general who had argued for the Sicilian Expedition, defected to the Spartan cause after being accused of grossly impious acts. Alcibiades convinced the Spartans that they could not allow Athens to subjugate Syracuse. The campaign ended in disaster for the Athenians. 4093:

Yet the marvelous expansion of Byzantine art during this period, one of the most remarkable facts in the history of the empire, did not stop there. From the 10th to the 12th century, Byzantium was the main source of artistic inspiration for the West. For example, the mosaics of

3453:. The cities were defeated and Athens lost her independence and democratic institutions. This marked the end of Athens as a political actor, although it remained the largest, wealthiest, and most cultivated city in Greece. In 225 BC, Macedon defeated the Egyptian fleet at 3471:

and seized control of the League. The remaining Achaeans preferred distant Macedon to nearby Sparta and allied with the former. In 222 BC, the Macedonian army defeated the Spartans and annexed their city—the first time Sparta had ever been occupied by a different state.

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recommending that his city fight a defensive war, avoiding battle against the superior land forces led by Sparta, and importing everything needful by maintaining its powerful navy. Athens would simply outlast Sparta, whose citizens feared leave their city for long lest the

5437:, Greece's first female prime minister. In the September 2015 general election, Alexis Tsipras led SYRIZA to another victory, winning 145 out of 300 seats and re-forming the coalition with the Independent Greeks. However, he was defeated in the July 2019 general 4410:. The Greeks were given some privileges and freedom by the Empire, but they were exposed to tyranny deriving from malpractices of regional administrative personnel, over which the central government had only remote and incomplete control. The Ottoman 3724:

Caracalla's decree did not set in motion the processes that led to the transfer of power from Italy and the West to Greece and the East, but rather accelerated them, setting the foundations for the millennium-long rise of Greece, in the form of the

5421:, that changed dramatically the political stage. Early in the period, PASOK were able to capitalise on a loss of support for ND. However, by the early 2010s, PASOK were also attracting blame for their handling of the crisis, and the radical party 5163:'s grants and loans, also to decrease the communist influence. In 1952, by joining NATO, Greece clearly became part of the Western Bloc of the Cold War. But in Greek society, the deep divide between the leftist and rightist sections continued. 3926:

brought to completion the developments started by early Byzantine Emperors. Cultural and religious changes occurred as well. Byzantine administration and society became inseparably Greek. Additionally, the restoration of Orthodoxy after the

4279:. However, in mainland Greece and the Greek islands, various Latin and Venetian possessions continued to exist. From 1261 onwards, Byzantium underwent a gradual weakening of its internal structures and the reduction of its territories from 4090:

began producing many distinctive styles that drew on a range of cultural influences. All this suggests that there was an increased demand for art, with more people having access to the necessary wealth to commission and pay for such work.

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into all Italy. In practice, integration did not take place uniformly. Societies already integrated with Rome, such as Greece, were favored by the decree, as opposed to the further away, poorer, or more culturally different provinces like

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with a legacy of political polarization. As a result, Greece also entered into an alliance with the United States and joined NATO, while relationships with its communist northern neighbours, both pro-Soviet and neutral, became strained.

6642:, p. 266: "As the first major confrontation of the Cold War, the Greek civil war was a testing ground for the tactics and techniques of insurgent-counterinsurgent warfare, which would mark military affairs for the ensuing four decades." 4666:

of 1912–1913 is one of the most important episodes in modern Greek history, as it allowed the Greek state to almost double its size and achieve most of its present territorial size. As a result of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, most of

3998:, towns expanded significantly in the twelfth century. Archaeological evidence shows an increase in the size of urban settlements, together with a "notable upsurge" in new towns. It also indicates that many medieval towns, including 2330:

civilizations, while others argue that these civilizations were so different from later Greek cultures that they should be classed separately. Traditionally, the Ancient Greek period was taken to begin with the date of the first

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phase of 1960 to 1973 (the period hailed by many as the "Greek economic miracle"), gross domestic product grew at an average annual rate of 7.7 percent, but exports of goods and services grew at the much higher average rate of

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Harvati, Katerina; Röding, Carolin; Bosman, Abel M.; Karakostis, Fotios A.; Grün, Rainer; Stringer, Chris; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Thompson, Nicholas C.; Koutoulidis, Vassilis; Moulopoulos, Lia A.; Gorgoulis, Vassilis G. (2019).

4949:. At the start of the war, Greece sided with the Allies and refused to give in to Italian demands. Italy invaded Greece by way of Albania on 28 October 1940, but Greek troops repelled the invaders after a bitter struggle (see 3946:

were forcibly eradicated. By the middle of the 9th century, the Greek peninsula was under Byzantine control again, and its cities began to recover due to improved security and the restoration of effective central control.

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Changes also occurred in the internal structure of the empire, due to both external and internal conditions. The predominance of small free farmers, the expansion of military estates, and the development of the system of

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to all free adult men in the entire Roman Empire, effectively raising provincial populations to equal status with the city of Rome itself. The importance of this decree is historical, not political. It set the basis for

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started on 20 May 1941 instead of 22 June 1941, the Nazi assault against the Soviet Union might have succeeded. The heavy losses of German paratroopers led the Germans to launch no further large-scale air-invasions.

6326:. (Oxford University Press Incorporated, 2009), 385; "; As the easternmost outpost of the empire of Alexander the Great, the city was renamed Alexandria Eschate ("furthest Alexandria") in 329 BCE."Golden, Peter B. 3033:

Those who signed the Peace of Nicias in 421 BC swore to uphold it for fifty years, but peace lasted only seven years. The second stage of the Peloponnesian War began in 415 BC when Athens embarked on the

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and its allies. After some inconclusive fighting, the two sides signed a peace treaty in 447 BC. That peace was stipulated to last thirty years: instead, it held only until 431 BC, with the onset of the

3527:. But the freedom promised by Rome was an illusion. All the cities except Rhodes were enrolled in a new League which Rome ultimately controlled, and aristocratic constitutions were favored and actively promoted. 2525:

migrated down into Greece equipped with superior iron weapons, colonizing and easily dispersing the already weakened Mycenaeans. The period that follows these events is collectively known as the Greek Dark Ages.

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at the end of the first millennium BC. Not everyone treats the Classical Greek and Hellenic periods as distinct—some writers treat the Ancient Greek civilization as a continuum running until the proliferation of

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Gierliński, Gerard D.; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz; Lockley, Martin G.; Athanassiou, Athanassios; Fassoulas, Charalampos; Dubicka, Zofia; Boczarowski, Andrzej; Bennett, Matthew R.; Ahlberg, Per Erik (2017-10-01).

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contributed to the ethnic cohesion of Orthodox Greeks by segregating the various peoples within the Ottoman Empire based on religion. Greeks living in the plains during Ottoman rule were either Christians or

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and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically. The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages and as a result, the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes.

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who leads New Democracy. On 7 July 2019, Kyriakos Mitsotakis was sworn in as the new Prime Minister of Greece. He formed a centre-right government after the landslide victory of his New Democracy party.

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and came under its control. Still, Greek culture flourished during this period—city-states maintained a level of political autonomy, and Roman society adopted many aspects of Greek culture. For example,

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During the Hellenistic period, the importance of "Greece proper" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centres of Hellenistic culture were

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in 406 BC but was prevented by bad weather from rescuing many of its sailors, leading the city to execute or exile eight of its top naval commanders. Lysander followed with a crushing blow at the

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returned from self-exile in Paris at the invitation of the junta, to become interim prime minister on July 23, 1974. and later gained re-election for two further terms at the head of the conservative

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the merchant marine, which quadrupled from 250,000 tons in 1875 to more than 1,000,000 tons in 1915. As the cities modernized, businessmen adopted the latest styles of Western European architecture.

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but relations have considerably thawed following successive earthquakes, first in Turkey and then in Greece, and an outpouring of sympathy and generous assistance by ordinary Greeks and Turks (see

2935:, intervened on the Epidamnian side. Fearful lest Corinth capture the Corcyran navy (second only to the Athenian in size), Athens intervened. They prevented Corinth from landing on Corcyra at the 2057:). Over hundreds of years, agricultural communities transitioned from stone tools to metal ones. Following such materialistic developments, more powerful micro-states and the base of the future 2014:, influenced by the Minoans' culture, to expand into Crete. Remains of the Minoan civilization which preceded the Mycenaean civilization on Crete were first discovered in the modern era by Sir 4419:, Greek "Muslims" who were secret practitioners of the Greek Orthodox faith. Some Greeks became crypto-Christians to avoid heavy taxes while retaining their religious identity and ties to the 4775:. In 1917, the Allies forced Constantine to abdicate in favor of his son Alexander and Venizelos returned as premier. At the end of the war, the Great Powers agreed that the Ottoman city of 5884: 7820:

Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish Population and Extermination Policies – Introduction".

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During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Greece sought to enlarge its boundaries to include the ethnic Greek population of the Ottoman Empire. Greece played a peripheral role in the

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Luckily for the Greeks, Flaminius was a moderate man and an admirer of Greek culture. Philip had to surrender his fleet and become a Roman ally, but he was otherwise spared. At the

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in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of

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Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the first International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield

5239:. The junta government's accession to power led to an isolation of Greece from European affairs and froze Greece's entry to the European Union. In 1973, the régime abolished the 4434:

The Ottomans ruled most of Greece until the early 19th century. The first self-governed Hellenic state since the Middle Ages was established on the Ionian islands during the

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in nearby Italy, and this interest in trade appears to have further increased economic prosperity in Greece. The Venetians and others were active traders in the ports of the

3259:. Meanwhile, a struggle for power broke out among Alexander's generals, which resulted in the break-up of his empire and the establishment of a number of new kingdoms in the 2842:, after which the Persians briefly overran northern and central Greece, the Greek city-states once again managed to comprehensively defeat the invaders with naval victory at 6570: 3605:

retold and adopted many Greek myths of old, folding them into Roman culture. Roman society even claimed to share a cultural lineage with Greece, as exemplified by Virgil's

3179:. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, the 2994:, including Pericles. With Pericles gone, less conservative elements gained power in the city and Athens went on the offensive. In 425 BC, it captured 300–400 Spartan 4793:

was signed by the Ottoman government; the treaty stipulated that in five years time a plebiscite would be held in Smyrna on whether the region would join Greece. However,

4980:, but faced heavy resistance. The Greek campaign might have delayed German military plans against the Soviet Union, and it is argued that had the German invasion of the 3934:

From the late 8th century, the Empire began to recover from the devastating impact of successive invasions, and the reconquest of the Greek peninsula began. Greeks from

1712:, as well as recently discovered and important open-air sites are now being excavated. The earliest traces of human habitation in present-day Greece were discovered in 5417:

to other countries. These austerity measures were extremely unpopular with the Greek public, precipitating demonstrations and civil unrest. This period corresponds to

2599:. Greece adopted significant amounts of cultural elements from the Orient, in art as well as in religion and mythology. Archaeologically, Archaic Greece is marked by 4144:, too, contains many Byzantine elements, including its decorative forms and the plans of some of its buildings (e.g., the domed churches of south-western France). 3901:). The main characteristic of this period was instability, as enemy attacks tended to extend deep into the Empire's interior, even threatening the capital itself. 4805:. A major Greek offensive ground to a halt in 1921, and by 1922 Greek troops were in retreat. The Turkish forces recaptured Smyrna on 9 September 1922, and then 4287:

on May 29, 1453. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople resulted in the official end of both the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine period of Greek history.

6941: 12000: 8386: 3486:. Rome promptly lured the Achaean cities away from their nominal loyalty to Philip, and formed alliances with Rhodes and Pergamum, now the strongest power in 11320: 9030: 3830:

and the subsequent collapse of the Western one accentuated the position of Greece in the empire and eventually brought it into the imperial center of power.

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in 405 BC which almost destroyed the Athenian fleet. Athens surrendered one year later, ending the Peloponnesian War and beginning a brief of period of

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On October 20, 1827, a combined British, French and Russian naval force destroyed the Ottoman and Egyptian armada. The Russian minister of foreign affairs,

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The conflict resulted in a victory for the British — and later U.S.-supported government forces, which led to Greece receiving American funds through the

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pushed for Greece to join the Allies. The conflict between the monarchists and the Venizelists sometimes resulted in open warfare and became known as the

3132:. The Corinthian War and its aftermath further sowed the seeds of discontent in Spartan Greece, inducing the Thebans to attack once more. Their general, 2862:

to Athens, further strengthening the latter's control over the League. The Delian League was eventually referred to pejoratively as the Athenian Empire.

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were subordinate to others (e.g., a colony traditionally deferred to its mother city, and some had governments wholly dependent upon others (e.g., the

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easily overrun. The Greek government then proceeded, as the Nazi forces came towards the capital of Athens, to leave for Crete and then Cairo, Egypt.

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the KKE in the uprisings was universally known, the party remained legal until 1948, continuing to coordinate attacks from its Athens offices until

3167:, who spent the next ten years conquering the Persian Empire and much of Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of 30, Alexander had created one of the 8410: 2580:

In the 8th century BC, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and

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At the end of this period of stagnation, the Greek civilization was engulfed in a renaissance that spread throughout the Greek world as far as the

1425: 6360: 5325: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12914: 12910: 3338:, was in effect independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. Sparta also remained independent, but generally refused to join any league. 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 6867: 5336:

After the restoration of democracy, Greece's stability and economic prosperity improved significantly. Greece rejoined NATO in 1980, joined the

5303:. In August 1974, Greek forces withdrew from the integrated military structure of NATO in protest at the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus. 1977:, the legendary king of Crete. They were primarily a mercantile people engaged in extensive overseas trade throughout the Mediterranean region. 12906: 10845: 9890: 9811: 9650: 3765: 3678:

autonomy as well. The Romans left local administration to the Greeks without making any attempt to abolish traditional political patterns. The

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in 422. The Peace of Nicias in 421 concluded the first stage of the war, with Sparta recovering its hoplites and Athens recovering the city of

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Around 1100–1050 BC, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed. Numerous cities were sacked, and the region entered what historians see as a "

9963: 7070: 4817: 676: 3002:, a significant fraction of the Spartan fighting force which it could not afford to lose. Meanwhile, Athens suffered humiliating defeats at 12902: 11020: 9900: 7002: 1330:

Greece, starting in 13,000 BC and ending around 7,000 BC, was a period of long and slow development of primitive human "proto-communities".

775: 613: 12930: 8457: 6963: 1885:. The earliest known Neolithic sites with developed agricultural economies in Europe, dated 8500–9000 BP, were found in Greece. The 1255: 803: 504: 11390: 11350: 10883: 4700: 3846:

the new capital of the Roman Empire, renaming the city in his honor. This political change signified the broader eastward migration of

372: 7778:"Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin" 4992:, thousands of Greeks died in direct combat, in concentration camps, or of starvation. The occupiers murdered the greater part of the 13227: 12950: 9023: 7432:

French, D.M. (1973). "Migrations and 'Minyan' pottery in western Anatolia and the Aegean". In Crossland, R.A.; Birchall, Ann (eds.).

7042: 5635:"A New Method of Dental Microwear Analysis: Application to Extant Primates and Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Late Miocene of Greece)" 5409:

In October 2011, Eurozone leaders also agreed on a proposal to write off 50% of Greek debt owed to private creditors, increasing the

4014:, experienced a period of rapid and sustained growth, starting in the 11th century and continuing until the end of the 12th century. 3074:, a Spartan king, and made him its head. The oligarchy in Athens collapsed and Alcibiades reconquered what had been lost for Athens. 2521:

may have also contributed, as asserted by ancient Greek legend but unsubstantiated by the archaeological record. Legend asserts that

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The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization coincided with the fall of several other large empires in the near east, most notably the

823: 6896: 1606:), and Greek emigrants have assimilated into differing societies across the globe (e.g., North America, Australia, Northern Europe, 11607: 11257: 9924: 5087:. It was fought between 1944 and 1949 in Greece between the nationalist/non-Marxist forces of Greece (financially supported by the 3905: 1961:. Little specific information is known about the Minoans, including their written system, which was recorded with the undeciphered 637: 5433:

called snap elections in August 2015, resigning from his post, which led to a month-long caretaker administration headed by judge

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in 776 BC, but most historians now extend the term back to about 1000 BC, toward the beginning of the Greek Dark Ages.

13232: 11860: 11119: 10997: 10967: 10703: 10699: 10695: 3994:, and there is good evidence that the demographic increase was accompanied by the revival of towns. According to Alan Harvey's 3505:, the greatest power in the East. Philip's allies in Greece deserted him, and in 197 BC he was decisively defeated at the 3100:

The war left devastation in its wake. Discontent with Spartan hegemony from both Athenian and former Spartan allies led to the

1179: 7113: 3704:, where the economic and judicial mechanisms of the state could be applied throughout the Mediterranean as was once done from 1675:, 7.2 million years ago) were found in Greece. In addition, 5.7 million year old footprints were found on the Greek island of 11503: 11134: 10534: 10463: 9821: 8353: 8332: 8309: 8288: 8237: 8216: 8190: 8169: 8146: 8125: 8099: 8078: 8055: 8034: 8002: 7983: 7962: 7883: 7862: 7810: 7789: 7713: 7686: 7642: 7588: 7535: 7422: 7328: 7307: 7286: 7254: 7154: 6698: 6402: 5410: 5206: 4131: 3923: 7088: 4522:, but did not achieve it until 1829. The Great Powers first shared the same view concerning the necessity of preserving the 2814:

as a fully-subjugated client kingdom. However, before he could reach Greece proper, his fleet was destroyed in a storm near

1351:

civilizations in the area. The first organized communities developed and basic art became more advanced in Neolithic Greece.

11060: 10817: 10612: 9884: 9016: 6670: 5458: 3116:

significantly weakened Spartan military power, though unsuccessful in ending Spartan dominance. The war concluded with the

597: 11784: 11424: 11211: 10855: 9895: 9736: 8972: 8401: 4276: 2718:), it took the form of an alliance going to war. It also gave ample opportunity for wars within Greece between different 608: 268: 5971: 11592: 11360: 11249: 10976: 10806: 10651: 10046: 9158: 8826: 5354: 4550: 1451:

usually encompasses Greek antiquity, as well as part of the region's late prehistory (Late Bronze Age). It lasted from

4809:. It is debatable who is responsible for the fire. The fire resulted in the deaths of Armenians and Greeks in Smyrna. 12958: 11455: 10812: 10797: 9910: 9865: 9796: 9791: 9488: 9088: 8258: 7915: 7904: 7567: 7452: 7401: 7175: 6906: 6460: 5581: 5012: 5011:

to avoid being cut off in Greece. Hence, the German occupation of Greece ended in October 1944. The Resistance group

4834: 4802: 4752: 4708: 3761: 3330:

as a means of defending it and restoring democracy in their states, as they saw Macedon as a tyrannical kingdom. The

2835: 2350: 831: 623: 578: 4713: 11435: 11430: 11262: 11179: 10709: 9461: 8957: 8552: 7056: 5885:"Oldest evidence of humans in Greece is 700,000 years old, a quarter of a million years older than previous record" 5519: 2898: 2795: 1752:

by the German archaeologist Rudolf Stampfuss. More systematic research, however, was conducted during the 1960s in

442: 422: 9875: 8381:

Tziovas, Dimitris. "The study of modern Greece in a changing world: fading allure or potential for reinvention?."

6057:

Kolendrianou, Maria; Ligkovanlis, Stefanos; Maniakas, Ioannis; Tzortzi, Marianthi; Iliopoulos, George (May 2020).

4941:

Despite the country's numerically small and ill-equipped armed forces, Greece made a decisive contribution to the

3523:

in 196 BC, Flaminius declared all the Greek cities free, although Roman garrisons were placed at Corinth and

588: 11470: 10962: 8982: 8585: 8450: 5438: 5215: 4857: 4427:

and were not crypto-Christians were deemed "Turks" in the eyes of Orthodox Greeks even if they did not adopt the

3908:

ended and permanent Slavic settlements and states began to form. Initially hostile to Constantinople until their

1248: 497: 6432:"FreiDok plus - Ottoman "multiculturalism"? : the example of the confessional system in Lebanon; a lecture" 4801:, overthrew the Ottoman government and organised a military campaign against the Greek troops, resulting in the 2639: 2042:

were established on the Greek mainland. The slow transition from the Final Neolithic period took place with the

11090: 10627: 8769: 8602: 8540: 7663: 5434: 5319: 4881: 4071: 3311: 368: 5210: 3549: 3054:(a Spartan ally also in Sicily) and conquer the island. Initially, Sparta was reluctant to help Syracuse, but 12988: 12254: 12145: 11233: 11159: 10616: 10514: 9880: 9402: 9295: 9108: 8977: 8886: 6841: 5509: 5413:

amount to about €1 trillion, and requiring European banks to achieve 9% capitalization to reduce the risk of

3909: 3494:

broke out in 212 BC and ended inconclusively in 205 BC, but Macedon was now marked as an enemy of Rome.

2424: 2354: 1737: 1369: 861: 593: 427: 17: 12386: 9624: 4549:

and with his diplomatic handling, managed to secure the Greek independence and the military dominination in

2822:(rather than following the land route as Mardonius had done) to subdue Athens. After destroying the city of 12470: 11465: 11356: 10904: 10770: 10622: 10342: 10038: 9851: 9361: 9133: 8415: 5576: 5566: 5418: 5366: 4361:, were officially annexed by the Ottomans in 1579, although they were under vassal status since the 1530s. 4272: 2865:

In 458 BC, while the Persian Wars were still ongoing, war broke out between the Delian League and the

1665: 564: 9534: 6108: 5425:

became the largest party on the left. The position of the far-right was also strengthened in this period.

12883: 12872: 12675: 11851: 11346: 11219: 11100: 11049: 10992: 10944: 10924: 10760: 10524: 10496: 9599: 9428: 8936: 8931: 8547: 7476: 6005: 5399: 5267: 4580: 4561:(1828–1834). After his assassination, the European powers turned Greece into a monarchy; the first King, 3642: 3497:

In 202 BC, Rome defeated Carthage and was free to turn her attention eastwards. In 198 BC, the

3180: 2811: 2682:". The term lends itself to the modern English word "politics", which literally means "the things of the 2327: 756: 745: 7724: 3877:

In the first period of the middle Byzantine era (610–867), the empire was attacked both by old enemies (

2513:. The cause is still somewhat mysterious, but has often been attributed to the invasion of hypothesized 13289: 13212: 12984: 12936: 12157: 11814: 11375: 11311: 11165: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10632: 10004: 9934: 9751: 9376: 9328: 9220: 9215: 8992: 8987: 8443: 8430:

The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 03: Greece to the Peloponnesian War

6872: 6352: 5634: 5514: 5259: 4650: 4308: 3661: 3634: 3554: 2746: 1241: 857: 809: 647: 490: 462: 45: 7462:

Goulter, Christina J. M. (2014). "The Greek Civil War: A National Army's Counter-insurgency Triumph".

7003:"Greek Finance Minister Tsakalotos takes key role in Tsipras' new cabinet | DW | 23.09.2015" 5797: 4725: 3255:

upon hearing that Alexander the Great had died in 323 BC, but were defeated within a year in the

12888: 12721: 12428: 12418: 12299: 11870: 11841: 11837: 11780: 11706: 11568: 11415: 10873: 10865: 10637: 10599: 10542: 10519: 10478: 10100: 10028: 9847: 9781: 9776: 9761: 9560: 8962: 8716: 8677: 5858:"The Palaeolithic record of Greece: A synthesis of the evidence and a research agenda for the future" 5194: 5111: 5100: 5096: 5003:

in August 1944, the German Army in Greece began withdrawing north and northwestward from Greece into

4989: 4813: 4794: 4645: 4519: 4475: 4439: 4435: 3775: 3513: 2408: 2261: 1980:

Minoan civilization was affected by a number of natural cataclysms, such as the volcanic eruption at

1209: 761: 717: 560: 364: 310: 5166:

The Greek economy advanced further through growth in the tourism sector. New attention was given to

1310:

and climatic changes occurred in the modern Greek area which were definitive for the development of

13018: 12683: 12372: 12315: 11775: 11735: 11420: 11379: 11267: 10982: 10972: 10776: 10646: 10552: 10420: 10412: 10310: 10238: 10104: 10023: 10009: 9801: 9721: 9333: 9180: 5450: 5307: 5228: 4927: 4923: 4870: 4862: 4840: 4718: 4469: 4325:

clung to some of the islands, but by the early 16th century all of mainland Greece and most of the

4252: 4111: 4074:

in and around Athens, for example, were built around this time. This artistic revival reflects the

3346: 3242: 2487: 2416: 2412: 2358: 2106:

Mycenaean civilization originated and evolved from the society and culture of the Early and Middle

1553: 1440: 1015: 891: 346: 294: 34: 3987:

around this time is a strong indication that prosperity was being generated even in remote areas.

13172: 13081: 12898: 12380: 11731: 11596: 11489: 11410: 11055: 10878: 10641: 10547: 10468: 10442: 10424: 10416: 10378: 10302: 10298: 10242: 9943: 9929: 9831: 9766: 9665: 9338: 9300: 8967: 8625: 6960:"Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou became Greece's first female Prime Minister | Economy Watch" 5571: 5484: 5296: 5283: 5263: 5130:, which helped to define the ideological balance of power in the Aegean for the entire Cold War. 4764: 4546: 4479: 4256: 3871: 3691: 3506: 3168: 3148: 3066: 1713: 1493: 1147: 1025: 954: 771: 656: 642: 400: 319: 206: 8047:

Greece, The Hidden Centuries: Turkish Rule from the Fall of Constantinople to Greek Independence

6373:"Alexander the Great was one of the greatest military strategists and leaders in world history." 4721:

marches on its way to the front, 1916. Greece joined united with the Allies side in summer 1917.

3942:

were brought in as settlers. Slavs were either driven out to Asia Minor or assimilated, and the

13203: 13182: 13164: 12964: 12864: 12671: 12270: 11532: 11480: 11395: 11129: 11114: 11030: 10686: 10446: 10334: 10330: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10096: 9708: 9703: 9675: 9421: 9280: 8791: 8620: 7701: 5594: 5561: 5394:

compared to other countries, most importantly Germany. Downgrading of Greek government debt to

5182: 5015:

seized control of Athens on 12 October 1944. British troops had already landed on 4 October in

4996:

despite efforts by Christian Greeks to shelter the Jews. The economy of Greece was devastated.

4942: 4848: 4396:. In the second, Greeks left the plains of the Greek peninsula and resettled in the mountains. 4381:. It was in the Ionian Islands where modern Greek statehood was born, with the creation of the 4284: 4244: 4060: 4046: 3085:, having fortified his city's naval power, began winning victory after victory. Athens won the 2853:

To prosecute the war and then to defend Greece from further Persian attack, Athens founded the

2673: 1824:, and were inhabited almost continuously throughout the Paleolithic and the Mesolithic Period. 1627: 1521: 1204: 1157: 1139: 837: 737: 5310:. A democratic republican constitution came into force. Another previously exiled politician, 4218:

each claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire. Meanwhile, the Latin and

3065:

possessions rebelled with the support of Sparta, as advised by Alcibiades. In 411 BC, an

1669:, 9.6–8.7 million years ago), and of quite possibly the oldest direct ancestor of all humans ( 13222: 13129: 12946: 12706: 12437: 12274: 11727: 11701: 11559: 11450: 11444: 11341: 11316: 11306: 11124: 11096: 10835: 10735: 10438: 10326: 10294: 9250: 9210: 9190: 9170: 9073: 8871: 8736: 8372:

Inaugural Speech as Marilena Laskaridis Chair of Modern Greek Studies, Amsterdam, Netherlands

7548:

Staat und Gesellschaft der Griechen und Römer bis Ausgang des Mittelalters (Volume 2, Part 4)

6688: 5379:

concerning Greece's ability to pay its debts, in view of the large increase in the country's

5376: 5244: 5073: 4934:, with the agreement of the king, suspended the parliament and established the quasi-fascist 4768: 4740: 4692: 4420: 4095: 3967: 3960: 3839: 3701: 3498: 3090: 2839: 1914: 1104: 819: 4137: 4106:

clearly show Byzantine influence in their style, arrangement, and iconography. Similarly in

1610:). At present, most Greeks live in the modern states of Greece (independent since 1821) and 13176: 13168: 13159: 13139: 12825: 12485: 12475: 12442: 12376: 11956: 11866: 11765: 11677: 11580: 11564: 11207: 11175: 11035: 10934: 10909: 10756: 10402: 10348: 10234: 9919: 9806: 9756: 9680: 9670: 9614: 9609: 9584: 9504: 9366: 9185: 8926: 8921: 8861: 8796: 8701: 8425: 8298:

Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley M.; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (2009).

8229:

Kulturwandel auf dem griechischen Festland und den Kykladen im späten 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr

7736: 7488: 5809: 5759: 5693: 5646: 5499: 5372: 4896: 4844: 4786: 4783:) and its hinterland, both of which had large Greek populations, be handed over to Greece. 4538: 4512: 4443: 4382: 4304: 4145: 3928: 3847: 3827: 3726: 3491: 3260: 3184: 3152: 3117: 3007: 2932: 2908: 2866: 2592: 2571: 2282: 1886: 1870: 1840: 1836: 1801: 1653: 1151: 1143: 1134: 1114: 1075: 1048: 1020: 1007: 632: 437: 355: 301: 11139: 5045: 3318:

Macedonian control of the city-states was intermittent, with a number of revolts. Athens,

2954:

There was disagreement among the Greeks as to which party violated the treaty between the

8: 13217: 13101: 12414: 12337: 12242: 11553: 11485: 11239: 11225: 11086: 10929: 10827: 10802: 10766: 9986: 9699: 9660: 9524: 9519: 9386: 9371: 9318: 9265: 9260: 9235: 9093: 8891: 8821: 8764: 8681: 8507: 6277:, 3: The End of the Mycenaean World and Its Aftermath (The Loss and Recovery of Writing). 5604: 5599: 5539: 5529: 5489: 5454: 5442: 5414: 5398:

status created alarm in financial markets. On 2 May 2010, the Eurozone countries and the

5391: 5248: 5171: 5135: 4403: 4215: 4211: 3755: 3633:

Although the period of Roman rule in Greece is conventionally dated as starting from the

3475: 3206: 3164: 3086: 3035: 2799: 2714:

was located within that city. This meant that when Greece went to war (e.g., against the

2653: 2596: 2585: 2420: 2323: 2308: 2188: 2118: 2107: 2039: 1943: 1918: 1700: 1623: 1403: 974: 703: 696: 452: 252: 124: 102: 95: 9356: 9008: 7740: 7492: 6793: 6137: 6033: 5813: 5763: 5697: 5650: 4861:

Proclamation of the Second Hellenic Republic in 1924. Crowds holding placards depicting

4790: 4730: 4198:

period, when Constantinople and a number of Byzantine territories were conquered by the

4127: 1792:. Mesolithic sites in Greece were limited, and the majority are located near the coast. 1578:. Since then, Greek minorities have continued to inhabit former Greek territories (e.g. 1336:, beginning with the establishment of agricultural societies around 7,000 BC and ending 13149: 13134: 12969: 12868: 12855: 12465: 12406: 12398: 12327: 12024: 11584: 11497: 11460: 11400: 11215: 11081: 11076: 11015: 11007: 10674: 9947: 9939: 9915: 9870: 9604: 9570: 9290: 9240: 9200: 9153: 9148: 9138: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9098: 9083: 9078: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 8997: 8901: 8685: 8637: 8632: 8535: 8525: 8482: 8474: 7935: 7837: 7759: 7619: 7600:"The Axis Occupation and Civil War: Changing Trends in Greek Historiography, 1941–2002" 7512: 7380: 7231: 7223: 7194: 6085: 6058: 5976: 5949: 5724: 5681: 5662: 5330: 5311: 4672: 4620: 4601: 4570: 4497: 4378: 4318: 4119: 4099: 3991: 3975: 3771: 3646: 3566: 3434: 3386: 3296: 3272: 3200: 3196: 3113: 2940: 2827: 2737: 2731: 2466: 2392: 2368: 2257: 1966: 1757: 1729: 1631: 1487: 1124: 1109: 842: 741: 727: 660: 652: 628: 583: 197: 1347:

BC, was a vital part of the early history of Greece because it was the base for early

13264: 13144: 13091: 13022: 12691: 12390: 12303: 12258: 11588: 11475: 11326: 11295: 11189: 11108: 11104: 10751: 10607: 10557: 10508: 10473: 10050: 9771: 9740: 9594: 9589: 9456: 9381: 9323: 9285: 9275: 9255: 9245: 9230: 9225: 9205: 9175: 9128: 9103: 9039: 8876: 8851: 8831: 8811: 8801: 8691: 8673: 8642: 8575: 8492: 8466: 8349: 8328: 8305: 8284: 8254: 8233: 8212: 8186: 8165: 8158: 8142: 8121: 8095: 8074: 8067: 8051: 8030: 8023: 7998: 7979: 7958: 7939: 7900: 7879: 7858: 7851: 7806: 7785: 7764: 7709: 7682: 7659: 7638: 7623: 7584: 7563: 7531: 7504: 7477:"Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin" 7448: 7418: 7397: 7394:

Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe

7324: 7303: 7282: 7250: 7235: 7171: 7150: 6902: 6782:, pp. 44–45 (including "Table 1: Periods of the Post-dictatorial Greek Governments"). 6694: 6456: 6398: 6090: 5981: 5953: 5941: 5933: 5857: 5835: 5777: 5729: 5711: 5609: 5504: 5494: 5479: 5167: 4950: 4866: 4806: 4680: 4585: 4504: 4483: 4416: 4350: 4322: 4018: 3983: 3823: 3785: 3540: 3335: 3292: 3160: 3137: 3105: 3026: 2887: 2875: 2847: 2843: 2783: 2751: 2707: 2600: 2404: 2129: 2062: 1805: 1785: 1705: 1704:

collected mostly in the framework of regional surveys but also through systematic or

1603: 1539: 1354: 1119: 964: 895: 530: 328: 259: 29:

This article covers the Greek civilization as a whole. For the history of the modern

7841: 7545:

Heisenberg, August; Kromayer, Johannes; von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich (1923).

5666: 5322:), which won the 1981 election and dominated Greek politics for almost two decades. 5224: 4892: 13154: 13026: 12954: 12687: 12659: 12460: 12422: 12368: 12342: 12331: 12262: 12153: 12102: 11856: 11669: 11649: 11385: 11371: 9856: 9695: 9655: 9645: 9575: 9529: 9514: 9499: 9270: 9195: 9165: 8866: 8781: 8726: 8696: 8647: 8607: 8590: 8580: 8515: 8487: 8268:

Podzuweit, Christian (1982). "Die mykenische Welt und Troja". In Hänsel, B. (ed.).

8114: 7927: 7829: 7754: 7744: 7611: 7599: 7496: 7376: 7215: 7185:

Caskey, John L. (July–September 1960). "The Early Helladic Period in the Argolid".

6390: 6080: 6070: 5925: 5913: 5825: 5817: 5767: 5719: 5701: 5654: 5544: 5534: 5524: 5474: 4961: 4915: 4904: 4852: 4696: 4428: 4407: 4377:(from 1479 to 1481 and from 1485 to 1500), and they remained under the rule of the 4207: 4183: 3979: 3862: 3855: 3810: 3751: 3747: 3650: 3446: 3307: 3176: 3144: 3094: 3078: 3003: 2991: 2936: 2618: 2612: 2388: 2322:, but historians tend use the term more precisely. Some include the periods of the 2266: 2145: 2089: 2058: 2043: 2031: 2011: 1928: 1924: 1894: 1852: 1848: 1821: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1481: 1384: 1333: 1129: 1080: 899: 827: 569: 457: 229: 188: 140: 108: 75: 11994: 11155: 6742: 6075: 5154: 4798: 4388:

When the Ottomans arrived, two Greek migrations occurred. In the first, the Greek

2439:

Ancient Greece is considered by many historians to be the foundational culture of

1832: 13258: 13198: 13121: 13014: 12979: 12745: 12695: 12667: 12503: 12495: 12480: 12452: 12346: 11799: 11602: 11193: 10914: 10899: 10780: 10286: 10260: 10086: 9816: 9786: 9634: 9555: 8906: 8881: 8669: 8652: 8497: 8405: 8343: 8299: 8278: 8248: 8227: 8204: 8180: 8136: 8089: 8045: 7973: 7952: 7894: 7873: 7800: 7777: 7697: 7674: 7653: 7632: 7578: 7557: 7546: 7525: 7516: 7442: 7412: 7389: 7318: 7297: 7276: 7265: 7244: 7165: 7144: 7027: 6984: 6922: 6674: 6450: 5821: 5706: 5549: 5380: 5240: 5186: 5159:

In the 1950s and 1960s, Greece developed rapidly, initially with the help of the

5119: 5060: 5040: 4976:, with the aim of reducing the threat of a counter-offensive by Allied forces in 4969: 4931: 4885: 4772: 4704: 4668: 4248: 4223: 4026: 3886: 3714: 3502: 3430: 3359: 3327: 3264: 3238: 3234: 3051: 2999: 2971: 2963: 2948: 2632: 2518: 2483: 2460: 2419:. The traditional date for the end of the Classical Greek period is the death of 2400: 2293: 2235: 2223: 2204: 2169: 2141: 1890: 1860: 1809: 1753: 1680: 1465: 1422: 1094: 1070: 1062: 1039: 887: 852: 521: 382: 337: 222: 170: 12319: 9732: 8272:(in German). Berlin: Prahistorische Archäologie in Sudosteuropa. pp. 65–88. 7943: 6667: 6324:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Mosul to Zirid, Volume 3

5682:"Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe" 5680:

Fuss, Jochen; Spassov, Nikolai; Begun, David R.; Böhme, Madelaine (2017-05-22).

5406:

loan for Greece, conditional on the implementation of harsh austerity measures.

5174:

was guaranteed in the Constitution, full Constitutional equality following, and

4747: 4296: 4206:. During this period, a number of Byzantine Greek successor states emerged. The 3017: 13208: 13111: 12994: 12737: 12663: 12616: 12410: 12358: 12287: 12282: 12250: 12149: 12054: 11903: 11794: 11770: 11696: 11572: 11549: 11540: 11440: 11366: 11336: 11330: 10987: 10957: 10952: 10850: 10486: 10482: 10434: 10252: 9860: 9746: 9685: 9565: 9544: 8856: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8816: 8806: 8721: 8664: 8557: 8520: 8321: 8200: 7729:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

7367:

Dickinson, Oliver (December 1999). "Invasion, Migration and the Shaft Graves".

7007: 6663: 5772: 5747: 5429: 5384: 5346: 5337: 5300: 5088: 5064: 4993: 4935: 4876: 4822: 4676: 4597: 4562: 4447: 4399: 4389: 4370: 4334: 4326: 4300: 4280: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4169: 4160:, and the Norman kings of Sicily all drew from Byzantine culture in their art. 4149: 4141: 4086: 4007: 3878: 3831: 3805: 3679: 3638: 3585: 3520: 3468: 3405: 3331: 3214: 3129: 3109: 3101: 2779: 2715: 2695: 2667: 2565: 2529:

Kings ruled throughout this period until eventually they were replaced with an

2499: 2396: 2376: 2339: 2289: 2251: 2196: 2066: 2003: 1813: 1797: 1793: 1725: 1671: 1649: 1549: 1545: 1535: 1513: 1475: 1448: 1199: 984: 867: 573: 277: 179: 163: 8398: 8209:

Storia, Poesia e Pensiero nel Mondo Antico. Studi in Onore di Marcello Gigante

7931: 7875:

The Withered Vine: Logistics and the Communist Insurgency in Greece, 1945–1949

7833: 5929: 4431:, evidence of the ethnic and religious tensions in Greece under Ottoman rule. 3660:

The Romans divided the region into four smaller republics, and in 146 BC

3077:

In 407 BC, Alcibiades was replaced following a minor naval defeat at the

2318:). In common usage, it can refer to all Greek history before—or including—the 2080:), and the Middle Helladic period before the Mycenean period discussed below. 13283: 13268: 12781: 12749: 12701: 12632: 12432: 12402: 12350: 12311: 12291: 12266: 11886: 11876: 11847: 11761: 11721: 11716: 11691: 11617: 11040: 11025: 10500: 9905: 9826: 9580: 8952: 8751: 8109: 7615: 7544: 6394: 5985: 5937: 5839: 5830: 5715: 5658: 5292: 5279: 5190: 5175: 5160: 5123: 5092: 4411: 4153: 4067: 4056: 3796: 3780: 3710: 3616: 3573: 3039: 3022: 2967: 2955: 2854: 2775: 2575: 2510: 2448: 2440: 2380: 2332: 2208: 1873:

reached Europe beginning in 7000–6500 BC when agriculturalists from the

1559: 1307: 1229: 997: 710: 618: 480: 7749: 6431: 5461:, meaning another four-year term as prime minister for Kyriakos Mitsotakis. 5022:

Christina Goulter summarizes the devastation done to Greece during the war:

4926:

was proclaimed in 1924 only to be disestablished in 1935 with the return of

2065:

settlements saw further development during Helladic III, exemplified by the

13096: 12753: 12725: 12588: 12552: 12508: 12362: 12323: 12307: 12295: 12211: 12187: 12125: 12046: 11946: 11938: 11809: 11635: 11493: 10578: 10566: 10224: 10126: 10017: 9690: 9619: 8911: 8741: 8612: 8530: 7768: 7508: 6094: 5972:"A Skull Bone Discovered in Greece May Alter the Story of Human Prehistory" 5945: 5914:"Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia" 5889: 5862: 5781: 5733: 5387: 5255: 5144: 4981: 4957: 4946: 4527: 4526:

of the Ottoman Empire, but soon changed their stance. Scores of non-Greeks

4457: 4240: 4230: 4226: 4173: 4075: 4003: 3819: 3665: 3590: 3544: 3536: 3424: 3218: 3163:

in 338–337 BC. In 336 BC, power was transferred to Philip's son,

2433: 2428: 2319: 2157: 2015: 1936: 1721: 1709: 1607: 1531: 1527: 1497: 1320: 969: 235: 30: 8370:

Boletsi, M. "The futurity of things past: Thinking Greece beyond crisis."

6568: 4616: 4051: 3326:, and other Greek states retained substantial independence and joined the 3302: 1744:

which destroyed every trace of habitation from some geographical regions.

13062: 13009: 12893: 12741: 12612: 12608: 12564: 12560: 12548: 12528: 12520: 12516: 12354: 12167: 12129: 12072: 12062: 11934: 11930: 11926: 11819: 11645: 11625: 11405: 11197: 10918: 10574: 10570: 10374: 9953: 8896: 8774: 8759: 8731: 8567: 8429: 7023:"Greek elections: Landslide victory for centre-right New Democracy party" 6818: 5967: 5798:"Possible hominin footprints from the late Miocene (c. 5.7 Ma) of Crete?" 5247:

denied help to the United States. After a second coup that year, Colonel

5232: 5051: 5036: 4760: 4735: 4663: 4593: 4487: 4393: 4314: 3866: 3730: 3718: 3669: 3606: 3450: 3280: 3210: 3159:

quickly unified the Greek city-states under Macedonian hegemony into the

3133: 2912:. Both historians were also Athenian generals who lived through the war. 2815: 2803: 2798:

to exact revenge on the mainland Greeks. In 492 BC, Persian general

2648: 2545: 2530: 2514: 2444: 2180: 2133: 1992: 1864: 1765: 1717: 1575: 1296: 935: 882: 766: 666: 391: 12654: 7500: 5794: 3445:

persuaded the Greek cities to revolt against Macedon in what became the

2892:

The main sources concerning the Peloponnesian war (431–404 BC) are

2595:, when Greece was at the fringe, but not under the sway, of the budding 1289:

Generally, the history of Greece is divided into the following periods:

13106: 12974: 12844: 12840: 12813: 12636: 12584: 12580: 12512: 12394: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12163: 12058: 12020: 12004: 11950: 11751: 11661: 11183: 10589: 10584: 10562: 10290: 10246: 10172: 10168: 10164: 9509: 8659: 7302:(Second ed.). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 5350: 5004: 4641: 4531: 4358: 4342: 3939: 3801: 3487: 3458: 3442: 3377: 3256: 3226: 3055: 3011: 2893: 2819: 2766:

and Eastern Europe proper as well. In 499 BC, the Greek cities of

2679: 2227: 1898: 1882: 1856: 1817: 1777: 1741: 1571: 1348: 1327: 1272:

encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation-state of

979: 847: 82: 7708:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–46. 7227: 7198: 6942:"Alexis Tsipras sworn in as new Greek prime minister – as it happened" 6056: 5457:. In June 2023, conservative New Democracy party won the legislative 5428:

SYRIZA has since overtaken PASOK as the main party of the centre-left.

5306:

In 1974, a referendum voted 69%–31% to confirm the deposition of King

5266:). The Cyprus events and the outcry following a bloody suppression of 4500:, in October 1827, marked the effective end of Ottoman rule in Greece. 1566:

At its cultural and geographical peak, Greek civilization spread from

12821: 12809: 12785: 12715: 12679: 12644: 12604: 12596: 12576: 12536: 12278: 12231: 12223: 12183: 12175: 12121: 12096: 12032: 11990: 11978: 11829: 11804: 11711: 11681: 11576: 10840: 10386: 10280: 10264: 10184: 10150: 10082: 10074: 10058: 8706: 6594: 5449:

In March 2020, Greece's parliament elected a non-partisan candidate,

5395: 5315: 4973: 4911: 4900: 4767:, an admirer of Germany, calling for neutrality while Prime Minister 4374: 4260: 4115: 4022: 3914: 3843: 3686: 3510: 3482:

In 215 BC, however, Philip formed an alliance with Rome's enemy

3368: 3140:

in 371 BC, inaugurating a period of Theban dominance in Greece.

2920: 2741: 2628: 2537: 2372: 2234:. The Greeks themselves have traditionally blamed this decline on an 2094: 2035: 1874: 1789: 432: 8435: 5219:

Protest against the junta by Greek political exiles in Germany, 1967

5138:, which had been formed under the auspices of the Western Allies in 2395:

in the 5th century BC and was marked by increased autonomy from the

2277: 13050: 13034: 13030: 12835: 12805: 12801: 12793: 12789: 12761: 12733: 12640: 12600: 12568: 12544: 12532: 12207: 12139: 12133: 12092: 12066: 12050: 12036: 12012: 11986: 11974: 11911: 11907: 11899: 11685: 11665: 11640: 11630: 11229: 11169: 10428: 10408: 10394: 10180: 10114: 8916: 8711: 8420: 7339: 7267:

The Cambridge Ancient History: The Prehistory of the Greek Language

7219: 6686: 5371:

The 2008 global economic recession impacted Greece, as well as the

5084: 4605: 4558: 4511:, the first capital of independent Greece during the governance of 4354: 4330: 4030: 3971: 3882: 3851: 3835: 3557:

on the last day before Roman legions looted and burned the city of

3483: 3414: 3350: 3323: 3288: 3082: 2975: 2903: 2831: 2791: 2736:

Two major wars shaped the Classical Greek world. The first was the

2644: 2581: 2506: 2384: 2231: 2200: 2192: 2148:. The Mycenaean period takes its name from the archaeological site 1962: 1932: 1878: 1761: 1645: 1388: 923: 907: 903: 12711: 7784:. London: Gerald Duckworth and Company Limited. pp. 263–276. 4956:

Primarily to secure his strategic southern flank, German dictator

4780: 4290: 3865:, was dominated politically by Emperors Constantine the Great and 3645:

had already come under Roman control with the defeat of its king,

2915:

The war began in 431 BC over a dispute between the cities of

2830:, which ended in a decisive Athenian victory. Darius's successor, 2482: BC) refers to the period of Greek history from the presumed 2367:("city-states") of Ancient Greece. With the end of the Dark Ages, 13086: 13070: 13058: 13054: 13046: 13042: 12817: 12797: 12757: 12620: 12556: 12540: 12215: 12114: 12106: 12028: 12016: 11982: 11962: 11942: 11895: 11788: 11756: 11746: 11653: 11045: 10390: 10382: 10306: 10272: 10268: 10204: 10196: 10138: 10130: 10108: 10066: 10054: 8786: 8597: 7916:"An Essay on the 'Emergence of Civilization' in the Aegean World" 5258:

of Cyprus. The coup became the pretext for the first wave of the

5008: 5000: 4574: 4566: 4508: 4338: 4123: 4011: 3898: 3789: 3674: 3558: 3524: 3252: 3245:

for the history of Greek culture outside Greece in this period.)

3230: 3205:

The Hellenistic period of Greek history begins with the death of

3156: 3071: 3043: 2995: 2943:, and forbade all commerce with Corinth's closely situated ally, 2924: 2916: 2823: 2787: 2771: 2763: 2522: 2242:, although there is scant archaeological evidence for this view. 2239: 2153: 2149: 2019: 2007: 1749: 1599: 1583: 959: 943: 931: 927: 919: 915: 539: 9413: 8301:

A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society and Culture

6898:

Radical Left Parties in Government: The Cases of SYRIZA and AKEL

6595:"Genocide Resolution approved by Swedish Parliament — full text" 4406:, but in a way very different from the modern Western notion of 3467:

remained hostile to the Achaeans, and in 227 BC it invaded

2818:. In 490 BC, Darius sent another fleet directly across the 2183:. Around 1400 BC, the Mycenaeans extended their control to 1827: 1368:) began with the transition to a metal-based economy during the 12878: 12773: 12648: 12628: 12624: 12592: 12572: 12524: 12227: 12219: 12191: 12179: 12171: 12110: 12088: 11966: 11918: 11741: 11673: 11657: 11545: 11201: 10504: 10398: 10364: 10360: 10356: 10338: 10230: 10212: 10208: 10176: 10118: 10078: 10070: 10062: 10013: 9444: 7723:

Pashou, Peristera; Drineas, Petros; Yannaki, Evangelia (2014).

7071:"New Democracy party wins landslide victory in Greek elections" 6985:"Greece election: Alexis Tsipras hails 'victory of the people'" 5422: 5155:

Postwar development and integration in Western Bloc (1949–1967)

5016: 4776: 4655: 4554: 4362: 4219: 4199: 4178: 4157: 4107: 4103: 4079: 4033:

and the West while also trading extensively with Byzantium and

3999: 3935: 3705: 3623: 3611: 3602: 3598: 3578: 3464: 3395: 3319: 3284: 3276: 3248: 3172: 3125: 3047: 2980: 2944: 2928: 2870: 2807: 2759: 2703: 2699: 2271: 2173: 2161: 1781: 1733: 1684: 1641: 1637: 1611: 1595: 1579: 1299: 1277: 1273: 751: 689: 7995:

Alexander the Great: Lessons From History's Undefeated General

5288:

After the end of the military régime, democracy was restored.

5254:

Ioannides was responsible for the 1974 coup against President

4553:. The first capital of the independent Greece was temporarily 3501:

broke out because Rome saw Macedon as a potential ally of the

3479:

controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes, and Pergamum.

2635:, one of the earliest nameable historians whose work survives. 2117:, when Helladic culture was transformed under influences from 13076: 13066: 13038: 13004: 12999: 12941: 12829: 12765: 12729: 12076: 11922: 10490: 10368: 10352: 10256: 10220: 10200: 10188: 10158: 10154: 10146: 10142: 10134: 10122: 10092: 9958: 7390:"8. Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Greece" 6142:

Foundation of the Hellenic World (Ίδρυμα Μείζονος Ελληνισμού)

6038:

Foundation of the Hellenic World (Ίδρυμα Μείζονος Ελληνισμού)

6006:"'Oldest remains' outside Africa reset human migration clock" 5910: 5375:. From late 2009, fears developed in investment markets of a 5139: 4977: 4542: 4463: 4424: 4366: 4346: 4337:, excluding several port cities still held by the Venetians ( 4266: 4034: 3955: 3894: 3890: 3696: 3654: 3627: 3341: 3268: 3121: 3062: 3025:("Athenian Empire or Alliance") in 431 BC, just prior to the 2987: 2859: 2767: 2755: 2671: 2662: 2553: 2549: 2541: 2495: 2491: 2363: 2216: 2184: 2165: 2137: 1981: 1974: 1947: 1690: 1676: 1591: 1587: 1567: 1469: 1407: 1315: 1311: 949: 939: 911: 877: 872: 814: 671: 8297: 8280:

Greece before History: An Archaeological Companion and Guide

7857:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 7114:"Greece declares state of emergency over flood of dead fish" 2858:

reversals against the Persians, the treasury was moved from

2451:

revivals in 18th- and 19th-century Europe and the Americas.

2121:, and it lasted until the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces 2018:

in 1900, when he purchased and began excavating the site at

12777: 12769: 12082: 12042: 12008: 11970: 10276: 10216: 8205:"Between Troy and Homer. The So-Called Dark Ages in Greece" 7957:. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing (Facts on File, Inc.). 7340:"An Archaeological Scenario for the "Coming of the Greeks" 5383:. This crisis of confidence was indicated by a widening of 5341: 5273: 5127: 4492: 4025:, and they made a living out of shipping goods between the 3620: 3594: 1306:

3.3 million years ago and ending in 20,000 BC. Significant

7444:

Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages

7143:

Bahcheli, Tozun; Bartmann, Barry; Srebrnik, Henry (2004).

4392:

migrated to Western Europe, influencing the advent of the

4078:

of Greece during this period. There was also a revival in

3729:, as a major power in Europe and the Mediterranean in the 10192: 9038: 7583:. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 7551:. Leipzig and Berlin: Verlag und Druck von B. G. Teubner. 7206:

Caskey, John L. (1968). "Lerna in the Early Bronze Age".

6571:"Resolution on Genocides Committed by the Ottoman Empire" 3454: 3429:

The orange areas were often in dispute after 281 BC. The

2292:

refers to a period of Greek history that lasted from the

1538:

in 1204 to 1797, the year of the disestablishment of the

8164:. New York: Scribner (Maxwell Macmillan International). 8138:

A History of Ancient Greece in Its Mediterranean Context

8025:

The Oxford History of Greece & the Hellenistic World

8021:

Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (1991) .

7655:

Karagiozis: Culture & Comedy in Greek Puppet Theater

7142: 6729: 5193:

grew by an average of 7.7%, second in the world only to

4577:. In 1834, King Otto transferred the capital to Athens. 4456:), or Republic of the Seven United Islands, and it used 4373:

were never ruled by the Ottomans, with the exception of

3912:, the Byzantines referred to these tribes and states as 3682:

continued to be the center of civic and political life.

1812:(where the first excavation took place in 1960) and the 1728:, southern Greece, contains the oldest known remains of 7805:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5270:

in Athens led to the implosion of the military régime.

5189:, generally from 1950 to 1973. During this period, the 4600:

were given by Britain upon the arrival of the new King

3858:, a beacon for Greeks that lasted into the modern era. 3221:, it did mark the end of Greek political independence. 2226:". During this period, Greece experienced a decline in 8399:

A Visual Illustrated Timeline of the History of Greece

7527:

A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200–479 BCE

7043:"New era as Mitsotakis is sworn in as Greece's new PM" 6923:"Greece election: Anti-austerity Syriza wins election" 6745:. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 26 October 2001. 6687:

Graham T. Allison; Kalypso Nicolaïdis (January 1997).

5748:"Footprints on Greek island are 5.7 million years old" 5110:

Organization and military bases of the Communist led "

5106: 4070:

began in the 10th century. Many of the most important

2782:

and were supported by some mainland cities, including

1421:). The Bronze Age ended with the rise and fall of the 8020: 7163: 6680: 6487: 5679: 3904:

The attacks of the Slavs became less frequent as the

2660:

The basic unit of politics in Ancient Greece was the

2423:

in 323 BC, and the period that follows is termed the

1927:

is a significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age

7853:

A History of the Greek City-States, ca. 700–338 B.C.

7722: 7278:

Triumph and Tragedy: The Second World War (Volume 6)

6842:"Greek/German bond yield spread more than 1,000 bps" 6794:"Peripheral euro zone government bond spreads widen" 6386:

Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900–1200

6333: 6172: 5200: 4953:). This marked the first Allied victory in the war. 4686: 4271:

The Latin Empire, lasted only 57 years, and in 1261

4140:

in Western Europe was also influenced by Byzantium.

3854:, and it nominally placed the city as the center of 2740:(499–449 BC), recounted in the Greek historian 1771: 8091:

The Cambridge Illustrated History of Ancient Greece

7597: 7323:. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag (A Springer Company). 6651: 5078: 4907:

in Thessaloniki, to sign the surrender (April 1941)

4821:Ottoman Turks, in what many scholars have termed a 3996:

Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire 900–1200

3584:In the 2nd century BC, Greece was conquered by the 3120:in 387 BC, in which Sparta was forced to cede 2970:) lasted until 421 BC with the signing of the 2353:in 480 BC. It was during this period that the 1908: 8432:, Press of J. J. Little & Co. New York, U.S.A. 8320: 8178: 8157: 8113: 8066: 8022: 7914:van Andels, Tjeerd H.; Runnels, Curtis N. (1988). 7850: 7651: 7320:Regional Analysis and Policy: The Greek Experience 7316: 6871: 6779: 6475: 3664:officially became a province, with its capital at 3187:, beginning the Hellenistic Age of Greek history. 2990:, and in 430 BC it was visited with an awful 2986:This strategy required that Athens endure regular 2826:, the fleet landed and faced the Athenian army at 2179:Mycenaean civilization was dominated by a warrior 1462:and can be subdivided into the following periods: 8179:Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2010). 7913: 7878:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. 5855: 4763:in 1914 produced a split in Greek politics, with 4017:The growth of the towns attracted trade with the 3530: 1768:by English, American and German research groups. 13281: 8304:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8277:Runnels, Curtis Neil; Murray, Priscilla (2001). 8029:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 7971: 7819: 7706:The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age 7164:Birēs, Manos G.; Kardamitsē-Adamē, Marō (2004). 6569:International Association of Genocide Scholars. 6556: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6218: 5856:Tourloukis, Vangelis; Harvati, Katerina (2017). 5178:becoming the first female minister that decade. 4239:, with Constantinople as its capital. Among its 3990:A steady increase in population led to a higher 3461:islands, except Rhodes, under its rule as well. 2992:plague that killed about a quarter of its people 2490:in the 11th century BC to the rise of the first 1893:, arrived in the Greek mainland sometime in the 8185:. Chichester and Malden: John Wile & Sons. 7899:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 7677:. In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). 7658:. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 7652:Myrsiades, Linda S.; Myrsiades, Kostas (1992). 7598:Marantzidis, Nikos; Antoniou, Giorgios (2004). 6866:Oakley, David; Hope, Kerin (18 February 2010). 6200:by R.A. Crossland and A. Birchall, eds. (1973). 4291:Venetian and Ottoman rule (15th century – 1821) 3874:and several of religious schisms following it. 2245: 7475:Gray, Russel D.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2003). 7436:. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Press. pp. 51–57. 7369:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 6657: 6452:The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821-1833 5227:, overthrowing the centre right government of 5223:In 1967, the Greek military seized power in a 5030: 4530:volunteered to fight for the cause, including 3766:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 2802:led an army (supported by a fleet) across the 2399:, as well as the flourishing of Ancient Greek 2132:, and it formed the historical setting of the 1939:carved out of the islands' pure white marble. 9429: 9024: 8451: 8276: 8253:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 8120:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 7780:. In Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (eds.). 6215: 5099:(ELAS), which was the military branch of the 4818:population exchange between Greece and Turkey 4438:in 1800, 21 years before the outbreak of the 3970:through the resolute leadership of the three 3861:The East Roman Empire, now also known as the 3838:) became the central city of the empire when 3672:eventually paid homage to Rome, ending their 3061:After the Athenian defeat in Sicily, Athens' 2983:, a subjugated population of Sparta, revolt. 1828:Neolithic Period to Bronze Age (7000–1100 BC) 1249: 498: 8141:. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing. 7950: 7892: 7474: 7387: 7317:Coccossis, Harry; Psycharis, Yannis (2008). 7149:. London: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 6767: 6538: 6514: 6417: 6322:Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009) 6246: 6230: 4999:When the Soviet Army began its drive across 4163: 3741: 2591:The Archaic period can be understood as the 8283:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 7681:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 342–370. 7089:"Greek economy surges after decade of pain" 6894: 5083:) was the first major confrontation of the 4828: 4451: 3619:of how the Roman people descended from the 3211:conquest of the Greek peninsula and islands 2710:), but the titularly supreme power in each 2690:was politically independent. However, some 2447:in Western Europe and again during various 2010:were devastated by fire, which allowed the 1663:Fossils of one of the earliest pre-humans ( 1562:covers the period from 1821 to the present. 11391:Greece and the International Monetary Fund 9436: 9422: 9031: 9017: 8458: 8444: 8270:Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr 7972:Winnifrith, Tom; Murray, Penelope (1983). 7725:"Maritime Route of Colonization of Europe" 7146:De Facto States: The Quest For Sovereignty 6939: 6895:Katsourides, Yiannos (22 September 2016). 6865: 6690:The Greek Paradox: Promise Vs. Performance 6429: 6196:, pp. 263–276, especially p. 267) in 6184:A comprehensive overview in J.T. Hooker's 5802:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 5291:The fall of the junta was followed by the 4701:Provisional Government of National Defence 4623:was King of the Hellenes from 1862 to 1913 4464:Modern Greek nation state (1821 – present) 4267:From partial Byzantine restoration to 1453 4087:silks from the workshops of Constantinople 2191:, and adopted a form of the Minoan script 1256: 1242: 505: 491: 12951:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 8411:The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean 8341: 8267: 8094:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8087: 7758: 7748: 7630: 7417:. Partille, Sweden: Paul Aströms Förlag. 7366: 7357: 7274: 7242: 7057:"Greece swears in first female president" 6755: 6615: 6389:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6262: 6258: 6242: 6084: 6074: 5882: 5829: 5771: 5723: 5705: 5360: 5019:, and entered Athens on 14 October 1944. 4968:On 20 May 1941, the Germans attempted to 4365:fell in 1571, and the Venetians retained 4194:The year 1204 marks the beginning of the 4130:, show the influence of Byzantine art on 3143:In 346 BC, unable to prevail in its 2962:The first stage of the war (known as the 2454: 2338:The Greek Dark Ages are succeeded by the 2130:Bronze Age civilization of Ancient Greece 2083: 1658: 1552:occupation of Greece from 1453 until the 824:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 8342:Woodhouse, Christopher Montague (1991). 8327:. London: Thames & Hudson, Limited. 8108: 7951:Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). 7672: 7447:. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 7440: 7270:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7263: 6868:"Gilt yields rise amid UK debt concerns" 6668:"Monitoring the World Economy 1820-1992" 6526: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6298: 6160: 5632: 5324: 5274:Third Hellenic Republic (1974 – present) 5251:was appointed as the new head-of-state. 5214: 5105: 5044: 4960:reluctantly stepped in and launched the 4910: 4891: 4875: 4856: 4746: 4724: 4712: 4649: 4615: 4579: 4518:In the early months of 1821, the Greeks 4503: 4491: 4177: 4050: 3954: 3906:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe 3795: 3779: 3572: 3548: 3340: 3301: 3016: 2959:the Peloponnesian War began in earnest. 2762:) and had made territorial gains in the 2638: 2622: 2276: 2265: 2207:. The Mycenaeans buried their nobles in 2128:. Mycenaean Greece is the Late Helladic 2093: 1831: 8318: 8246: 7871: 7775: 7634:The Greek-Turkish Relationship and NATO 7461: 7396:. London: Routledge. pp. 179–202. 7337: 7170:. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. 6839: 6791: 6639: 6627: 6597:. Armenia News – News.am. 15 March 2010 6209: 6193: 5134:Greece, confronted the returning Greek 4816:, according to which there was to be a 4739:seemed close to fulfillment, featuring 3433:occupied some of this area. Not shown: 2790:. After the uprising had been quelled, 2494:in the 9th century BC and the epics of 1500:conquest of Greece from 146 BC – AD 324 14: 13282: 8348:. London and Boston: Faber and Faber. 8199: 8134: 8043: 7848: 7798: 7695: 7580:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction 7562:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 7555: 7431: 7410: 7205: 7184: 6730:Bahcheli, Bartmann & Srebrnik 2004 6382: 6310: 6286: 6189: 6121: 5966: 4903:officers arrives at Macedonia Hall of 4442:in mainland Greece. It was called the 4259:. Under the Latin Empire, elements of 3950: 3291:was contested, but by 298 BC the 3283:, and points east. Control of Greece, 2584:forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the 2517:wielding iron weapons. A hypothesized 1973:is a modern appellation, derived from 1839:linguistic area according to linguist 1508:covers the period of Greece under the 11520: 11293: 10672: 9984: 9474: 9417: 9040:History of current European countries 9012: 8465: 8439: 8225: 8155: 7992: 7576: 7360:The Origins of Mycenaean Civilization 7295: 6717: 6544: 6532: 6520: 6508: 6493: 6449:Dakin, Douglas (September 26, 1973). 6448: 6339: 6028: 6026: 5411:European Financial Stability Facility 5373:rest of the countries in the eurozone 5114:", as well as entry routes to Greece. 4884:(EON) salute in presence of dictator 3190: 2974:. It began with the Athenian general 2238:by another wave of Greek people, the 2199:. The Mycenaean-era script is called 2176:also have important Mycenaean sites. 1617: 8416:History of Greece: Primary Documents 8064: 8050:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. 7802:The Greek City-States: A Source Book 7523: 7347:The Journal of Indo-European Studies 6940:Tran (Now), Mark (26 January 2015). 6792:Matlock, George (16 February 2010). 6735: 6353:"Alexander the Great's Achievements" 6274: 6059:"The Palaeolithic cave of Kalamakia" 5851: 5849: 2881: 2754:ruled over all Greek city-states in 1512:, lasting from the establishment of 8973:History of the Mediterranean region 8182:Modern Greece: A History since 1821 8160:A Social History of Greece and Rome 7637:. London and Portland: Frank Cass. 7434:Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean 7414:The Twilight of the Early Helladics 7167:Neoclassical Architecture in Greece 6138:"Palaeolithic habitation in Greece" 5883:Killgrove, Kristina (8 June 2023). 5295:. Metapolitefsi was initiated when 4751:Greek cavalry attacking during the 4662:The participation of Greece in the 4608:was ceded by the Ottomans in 1880. 4545:, returned home as Governor of the 4059:monastery, artistic example of the 4040: 2838:in 480 BC. Despite Greek defeat at 2606: 1738:tectonic activity in the Greek area 24: 8383:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 8013: 7441:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov (1981). 7381:10.1111/j.2041-5370.1999.tb00480.x 7249:. London and New York: Routledge. 6455:. University of California Press. 6173:Pashou, Drineas & Yannaki 2014 6034:"Paleolithic habitation in Greece" 6023: 5126:, as well as becoming a member of 4918:cavalry during the Axis occupation 4729:A map of Greater Greece after the 3449:, named after the Athenian leader 3104:of 395–387 BC. Backed by the 2750:. By the late 6th century BC, the 2548:, eventually spreading north into 2203:, which was deciphered in 1952 by 1889:, speaking the predecessor of the 1687:, contrary to current hypotheses. 25: 13301: 9443: 8392: 8364: 8247:Mylonas, George Emmanuel (1966). 7362:. Götenberg: Paul Aströms Förlag. 7246:Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete 6870:. Financial Times. Archived from 6840:Matlock, George (28 April 2010). 6488:Birēs & Kardamitsē-Adamē 2004 5846: 5582:List of prime ministers of Greece 5233:Greek military junta of 1967–1974 5207:Greek military junta of 1967–1974 5201:Military dictatorship (1967–1974) 4930:. In August 1936, Prime Minister 4687:World War I and Greco-Turkish War 4557:(1828–1829) and later officially 4353:the most important of them). The 4277:the Byzantine Empire was restored 3762:Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism 3334:, while nominally subject to the 3209:in 323 BC and ends with the 2836:Second Persian invasion of Greece 2758:(the western coast of modern-day 2559: 2544:. Writing was relearned from the 2488:end of the Mycenaean civilization 2351:second Persian invasion of Greece 1877:entered the Greek peninsula from 1772:Mesolithic Period (13000–7000 BC) 1720:and date back 700,000 years. The 13263: 13254: 13253: 8958:Bibliography of European history 8553:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 8073:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 7954:Encyclopedia of European Peoples 7893:Vacalopoulos, Apostolis (1976). 7698:"The Early Bronze Age in Greece" 7679:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia 6363:from the original on 2 July 2021 5520:Timeline of modern Greek history 4611: 3251:and her allies revolted against 2899:History of the Peloponnesian War 2796:first Persian invasion of Greece 1909:Cycladic and Minoan civilization 1223: 538: 474: 64: 11471:Thessaloniki International Fair 8983:History of Western civilization 8586:Christianity in the Middle Ages 8319:Taylour, Lord William (1990) . 7530:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 7464:The Journal of Military History 7281:. New York: RosettaBooks, LLC. 7275:Churchill, Winston S. (2010) . 7208:American Journal of Archaeology 7106: 7081: 7063: 7049: 7035: 7015: 6995: 6977: 6952: 6933: 6915: 6888: 6859: 6833: 6811: 6785: 6773: 6761: 6749: 6723: 6711: 6652:Marantzidis & Antoniou 2004 6645: 6633: 6621: 6609: 6587: 6562: 6550: 6481: 6469: 6442: 6423: 6411: 6376: 6345: 6316: 6304: 6292: 6280: 6268: 6252: 6236: 6203: 6178: 6166: 6154: 6130: 6126:. The British school at Athens. 6115: 6101: 6050: 4654:The landing of Greek troops in 3968:rescued from a period of crisis 3966:After the Byzantine Empire was 3695:, extended citizenship outside 2725: 2110:in mainland Greece. It emerged 1935:, best known for its schematic 11258:Municipalities and communities 8827:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 8770:Christianity in the modern era 8541:Christianity in late antiquity 8345:Modern Greece: A Short History 7392:. In Pridham, Geoffrey (ed.). 6821:. The Economist. 29 April 2010 6780:Coccossis & Psycharis 2008 6476:Myrsiades & Myrsiades 1992 5998: 5960: 5904: 5876: 5788: 5740: 5673: 5626: 5435:Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou 5320:Panhellenic Socialist Movement 5314:also returned and founded the 4882:National Organisation of Youth 4635: 4283:invasions, culminating in the 3736: 3689:'s decree in 212 AD, the 3531:Roman Greece (146 BC – AD 324) 3312:Archaeological Museum of Pella 2427:, ending with the rise of the 1881:by island-hopping through the 13: 1: 11273:Decentralized administrations 9985: 9797:History of Greece (1923–1940) 8978:History of the European Union 8250:Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age 8069:The Penguin History of Greece 7341: 6328:Central Asia in World History 6076:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03958 5615: 5510:History of the Greek language 5340:(EU) in 1981 and adopted the 5329:The socialist prime minister 5049:Clashes in Athens during the 4835:History of Greece (1923–1940) 4812:The war was concluded by the 4803:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) 4753:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) 4709:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) 4584:The territorial evolution of 4383:Republic of the Seven Islands 4263:entered medieval Greek life. 4229:, known to the Byzantines as 2498:and earliest writings in the 2472: 2343: 2312: 2297: 2122: 2111: 2099: 2070: 2047: 2038:period, the Early and Middle 1996: 1985: 1951: 1902: 1816:are among the most important 1740:and the rise and fall of the 1692: 1496:, covering the period of the 1452: 1429: 1411: 1392: 1373: 1358: 1337: 1303: 145: 129: 113: 10846:Parliamentary constituencies 10673: 9625:Foundation of Constantinople 9462:Alphabetical index of topics 8065:Burn, Andrew Robert (1990). 7872:Shrader, Charles R. (1999). 7822:Journal of Genocide Research 7673:Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2011). 7388:Featherstone, Kevin (1990). 6557:Schaller & Zimmerer 2008 6261:, pp. 32, 53, 107–108; 5822:10.1016/j.pgeola.2017.07.006 5707:10.1371/journal.pone.0177127 5620: 5577:List of presidents of Greece 5567:List of ancient Greek cities 5419:Greek government-debt crisis 5367:Greek government-debt crisis 4807:a fire broke out in the city 4787:Greek troops occupied Smyrna 4273:Constantinople was reclaimed 3171:in history, stretching from 2686:". At least in theory, each 2678:), sometimes translated as " 2246:Ancient Greece (1100–146 BC) 2026:Pre-Mycenean Helladic period 2002:). In 1425 BC, all the 1666:Ouranopithecus macedoniensis 1021:Byzantine (4th–15th century) 7: 11521: 11504:Water supply and sanitation 11294: 11061:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 10694:Constitutional amendments ( 9964:Population exchange of 1923 9901:Greek countries and regions 9600:Wars of Alexander the Great 9475: 8937:Russian invasion of Ukraine 8548:Crisis of the Third Century 8426:Williams, Henry Smith (Ed.) 8232:(in German). Bonn: Habelt. 7896:The Greek Nation, 1453–1669 7524:Hall, Jonathan M. (2014) . 7299:A Concise History of Greece 7243:Castleden, Rodney (1993) . 6430:Reinkowski, Maurus (1999). 5633:Merceron, G. (2005-12-01). 5468: 5400:International Monetary Fund 5268:Athens Polytechnic uprising 5185:is the period of sustained 5091:at first, and later by the 5079: 5031:Greek Civil War (1944–1949) 4679:were incorporated into the 4520:declared their independence 4313:The Greeks held out in the 3577:View of the Roman Odeon of 1887:first Greek-speaking tribes 1372:period of mainland Greece ( 1284: 1016:Ancient (to 4th century AD) 677:Population exchange of 1923 614:Greek countries and regions 10: 13306: 9925:Inventions and discoveries 9752:Modern Greek Enlightenment 8993:Military history of Europe 8988:Maritime history of Europe 7675:"17. Macedonia and Persia" 7411:Forsén, Jeannette (1992). 7358:Dickinson, Oliver (1977). 7135: 6124:The Mesolithic at Franchth 6122:Perles, Catherine (2003). 5773:10.1038/d41586-017-03029-9 5515:Timeline of Ancient Greece 5364: 5277: 5260:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 5235:which became known as the 5204: 5034: 4838: 4832: 4690: 4639: 4473: 4467: 4423:. Greeks who converted to 4309:Modern Greek Enlightenment 4294: 4275:by the Nicaean Empire and 4167: 4044: 3893:) as well as by new ones ( 3769: 3759: 3745: 3555:Battle of Corinth (146 BC) 3534: 3194: 2885: 2729: 2672: 2616: 2610: 2569: 2563: 2464: 2458: 2361:developed, as well as the 2255: 2249: 2195:to write an early form of 2087: 1912: 1846: 1730:anatomically modern humans 1635: 1621: 1026:Modern (post 11th century) 638:Inventions and discoveries 28: 13249: 13191: 13120: 12854: 12494: 12451: 12241: 11885: 11828: 11707:Greek East and Latin West 11616: 11531: 11527: 11516: 11302: 11289: 11248: 11148: 11069: 11006: 10943: 10892: 10864: 10826: 10790: 10744: 10685: 10681: 10668: 10598: 10533: 10456: 10037: 9997: 9993: 9980: 9896:Geographical name changes 9840: 9717: 9633: 9543: 9487: 9483: 9470: 9452: 9395: 9347: 9309: 9046: 8963:Genetic history of Europe 8945: 8750: 8566: 8506: 8473: 8421:A Short History of Greece 8135:Demand, Nancy H. (2006). 7932:10.1017/s0003598x00073968 7834:10.1080/14623520801950820 7631:Moustakis, Fotos (2003). 7604:Journal of Peace Research 7338:Coleman, John E. (2000). 6693:. MIT Press. p. 43. 6465:– via Google Books. 6249:, "Minoans", pp. 521–526. 6233:, "Minoans", pp. 521–526. 5930:10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z 5101:Communist Party of Greece 5097:Democratic Army of Greece 5068: 4990:Axis occupation of Greece 4814:Treaty of Lausanne (1923) 4789:in 1919, and in 1920 the 4675:, Crete and the northern 4646:Greece in the Balkan Wars 4476:Greek War of Independence 4452: 4436:French Revolutionary Wars 4164:The Fourth Crusade (1204) 3776:Cyprus in the Middle Ages 3742:Byzantine rule (324–1204) 3514:Titus Quinctius Flaminius 3106:Achaemenid Persian Empire 2752:Achaemenid Persian Empire 2262:Ancient history of Cyprus 2030:Following the end of the 609:Geographical name changes 236:Frankish and Latin states 11250:Administrative divisions 10973:Macedonia naming dispute 10813:Parliamentary Committees 10798:Conference of Presidents 8088:Cartledge, Paul (2002). 7849:Sealey, Raphael (1976). 7616:10.1177/0022343304041779 7296:Clogg, Richard (2002) . 6395:10.1017/cbo9780511562433 6247:Waldman & Mason 2006 6231:Waldman & Mason 2006 5659:10.2110/palo.2004.p04-17 5465:from the port of Volos. 5451:Katerina Sakellaropoulou 5229:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 5211:1974 Cypriot coup d'état 4928:King George II of Greece 4924:Second Hellenic Republic 4871:Alexandros Hatzikyriakos 4863:Alexandros Papanastasiou 4841:Second Hellenic Republic 4829:Interwar to World War II 4719:Army of National Defence 4470:History of modern Greece 4253:Duchy of the Archipelago 3668:. The rest of the Greek 3243:Hellenistic civilization 3136:, crushed Sparta at the 1554:Greek Revolution of 1821 1441:Late Bronze Age collapse 347:Second Hellenic Republic 35:History of modern Greece 12899:Eastern Orthodox Church 10977:Language naming dispute 9737:Venetian Ionian islands 9651:Persecution of paganism 8968:History of Christianity 8211:. Naples: Bibliopolis. 8156:Grant, Michael (1992). 7776:Renfrew, Colin (1973). 7750:10.1073/pnas.1320811111 7702:Shelmerdine, Cynthia W. 7696:Pullen, Daniel (2008). 7264:Chadwick, John (1963). 6436:freidok.uni-freiburg.de 5758:(7670): 8. 2017-09-02. 5572:List of kings of Greece 5485:History of the Cyclades 5347:delimitation of borders 5297:Konstantinos Karamanlis 5284:Third Hellenic Republic 5264:Greco-Turkish relations 4972:with a large attack by 4717:The I Battalion of the 4480:First Hellenic Republic 4357:, in the middle of the 4257:Kingdom of Thessalonica 3692:Constitutio Antoniniana 3563:The last day on Corinth 3507:Battle of Cynoscephalae 3399:Also shown on the map: 2846:and victory on land at 2502:in the 8th century BC. 2270:The ancient theatre of 1516:as the capital city of 1276:as well as that of the 772:Eastern Orthodox Church 401:Third Hellenic Republic 369:Collaborationist regime 320:First Hellenic Republic 269:Venetian Ionian Islands 13228:Orders and decorations 12965:Greek Old Calendarists 11436:Science and technology 11396:Greek economic miracle 11263:Administrative regions 9709:Fall of Constantinople 9704:Despotate of the Morea 9676:Macedonian Renaissance 9089:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8792:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 8385:40.1 (2016): 114–125. 8226:Maran, Joseph (1998). 8044:Brewer, David (2010). 7997:. Palgrave MacMillan. 7799:Rhodes, P.J. (2007) . 5595:History of the Balkans 5562:List of ancient Greeks 5453:, as the first female 5390:and risk insurance on 5361:Greece in the Eurozone 5333: 5243:and in 1974, dictator 5237:Régime of the Colonels 5220: 5183:Greek economic miracle 5115: 5056: 4919: 4908: 4889: 4873: 4849:Greece in World War II 4756: 4744: 4722: 4659: 4658:during the Balkan Wars 4624: 4589: 4515: 4501: 4285:fall of Constantinople 4245:Principality of Achaea 4222:Crusaders founded the 4191: 4063: 4061:Macedonian Renaissance 4047:Macedonian Renaissance 3963: 3959:Part of the Byzantine 3815: 3793: 3615:, which details their 3581: 3570: 3438: 3315: 3081:. The Spartan general 3030: 2657: 2636: 2455:Iron Age (1100–800 BC) 2359:early Greek literature 2286: 2274: 2103: 2084:Mycenaean civilization 2061:were developed. Early 1942:The Middle Bronze Age 1844: 1659:Pre-Paleolithic Period 1628:Prehistory of Anatolia 1522:fall of Constantinople 838:Greek Old Calendarists 332:(1832-1924, 1935-1973) 12947:Greek Orthodox Church 11317:Athens Stock Exchange 10736:Supreme Special Court 9515:Cycladic civilization 8872:Industrial Revolution 7978:. London: Macmillan. 7556:Hooker, J.T. (1976). 6630:, pp. 1023–1025. 6383:Harvey, Alan (1990). 6198:Bronze Age Migrations 5600:History of Asia Minor 5377:sovereign debt crisis 5328: 5231:. It established the 5218: 5109: 5048: 5035:Further information: 4914: 4895: 4879: 4860: 4799:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 4769:Eleftherios Venizelos 4750: 4741:Eleftherios Venizelos 4728: 4716: 4693:Greece in World War I 4653: 4619: 4583: 4507: 4495: 4474:Further information: 4421:Greek Orthodox Church 4181: 4134:in the 12th century. 4110:, the mosaics of the 4054: 3961:Walls of Thessaloniki 3958: 3870:establishment of the 3840:Constantine the Great 3799: 3783: 3770:Further information: 3576: 3552: 3499:Second Macedonian War 3344: 3305: 3241:, respectively. (See 3185:widespread civil wars 3151:, Thebes called upon 3091:Battle of Aegospotami 3050:against an attack by 3020: 2966:for the Spartan king 2642: 2626: 2617:Further information: 2570:Further information: 2471:The Greek Dark Ages ( 2465:Further information: 2371:to the shores of the 2349:and lasted until the 2280: 2269: 2256:Further information: 2097: 2059:Mycenean civilization 1915:Cycladic civilization 1835: 1784:occurred between the 1548:covers the period of 1528:Frankish/Latin Greece 820:Greek Orthodox Church 13233:World Heritage Sites 11815:Units of measurement 11208:New Social Movements 10771:Presidential Mansion 10628:Environmental issues 10349:North Aegean islands 9911:Renaissance scholars 9807:4th of August Regime 9757:Septinsular Republic 9610:Wars of the Diadochi 9585:Peloponnesian League 8927:European debt crisis 8922:European integration 8862:Age of Enlightenment 8702:Republic of Florence 7993:Yenne, Bill (2010). 7577:Jones, Adam (2010). 6991:. 21 September 2015. 5500:History of Macedonia 5392:credit default swaps 5355:Earthquake Diplomacy 4897:Georgios Tsolakoglou 4845:4th of August Regime 4795:Turkish nationalists 4539:Ioannis Kapodistrias 4513:Ioannis Kapodistrias 4444:Septinsular Republic 4394:European Renaissance 4317:until 1460, and the 4305:Septinsular Republic 4182:The division of the 3929:iconoclast movements 3818:The division of the 3814:(late 11th century). 3727:Eastern Roman Empire 3492:First Macedonian War 3349:realms included the 3261:Wars of the Diadochi 3183:disintegrated under 3153:Philip II of Macedon 3118:Treaty of Antalcidas 3042:to support its ally 2933:Peloponnesian League 2867:Peloponnesian League 2593:Orientalizing period 2572:Orientalizing Period 2441:Western civilization 2436:in the 3rd century. 2283:Temple of Hephaestus 2187:, the center of the 2160:of southern Greece. 2152:in the northeastern 1871:Neolithic Revolution 1841:Vladimir I. Georgiev 1820:sites in Greece and 1691:Paleolithic Period ( 1679:, which may suggest 1654:Trachilos footprints 1532:Venetian possessions 1520:in AD 324 until the 1318:and the survival of 1293:Prehistoric Greece: 1180:World Heritage Sites 624:Renaissance scholars 356:4th of August Regime 302:Septinsular Republic 12722:Musical instruments 12338:Greek Sign Language 11641:Concept of kingship 11490:Rio–Antirrio bridge 11456:Subdivisions by GDP 11120:Human rights abuses 10803:Hellenic Parliament 9762:War of Independence 9700:Despotate of Epirus 9666:Arab–Byzantine wars 9661:Plague of Justinian 9561:Iron Age migrations 9535:Bronze Age collapse 9520:Minoan civilization 9310:States with limited 8892:Revolutions of 1848 8822:Early modern France 8603:Anglo-Saxon England 8508:Classical antiquity 8116:The Mycenaean World 7741:2014PNAS..111.9211P 7501:10.1038/nature02029 7493:2003Natur.426..435G 6654:, pp. 223–231. 6547:, pp. 171–172. 6212:, pp. 101–153. 5814:2017PrGA..128..697G 5764:2017Natur.549S...8. 5698:2017PLoSO..1277127F 5651:2005Palai..20..551M 5605:Intermediate Region 5540:Minoan civilization 5530:Aegean civilization 5490:History of Thessaly 5455:President of Greece 5443:Kyriakos Mitsotakis 5301:New Democracy Party 5136:government in exile 4404:multiethnic society 4216:Empire of Trebizond 4212:Despotate of Epirus 4096:St. Mark's Basilica 3951:Economic prosperity 3756:Barbarian invasions 3476:Philip V of Macedon 3295:had supplanted the 3207:Alexander the Great 3165:Alexander the Great 3087:Battle of Arginusae 3067:oligarchical revolt 3036:Sicilian Expedition 3006:in 424 BC and 2654:Jacques-Louis David 2597:Neo-Assyrian Empire 2586:Phoenician alphabet 2421:Alexander the Great 2189:Minoan civilization 1989: 1628-1627 BC 1944:Minoan civilization 1919:Minoan civilization 1695:3.3M BC – 13000 BC) 1624:Prehistoric Balkans 1570:all the way to the 1404:Minoan civilization 1042:and performing arts 311:War of Independence 253:Early modern Greece 103:Helladic chronology 13019:Primordial deities 12923:Early 20th century 12387:Minority languages 11585:Aromanian question 11498:Thessaloniki Metro 11466:Telecommunications 11135:Political scandals 11050:Presidential Guard 10905:Capital punishment 10761:Government Gazette 10464:Canyons and gorges 9916:Hellenic languages 9605:Hellenistic period 9571:Greco-Persian Wars 8998:Crusading movement 8902:Russian Revolution 8737:Hundred Years' War 8633:Maritime republics 8536:Early Christianity 8526:Hellenistic period 8483:Paleolithic Europe 8404:2015-03-12 at the 7975:Greece Old and New 6929:. 26 January 2015. 6743:"NATO Update 1974" 6673:2018-09-02 at the 6265:, pp. 97–107. 5977:The New York Times 5334: 5331:Andreas Papandreou 5312:Andreas Papandreou 5221: 5172:suffrage for women 5116: 5057: 4920: 4909: 4890: 4874: 4765:King Constantine I 4757: 4745: 4723: 4660: 4625: 4590: 4516: 4502: 4498:Battle of Navarino 4453:Ἑπτάνησος Πολιτεία 4379:Republic of Venice 4192: 4120:Monreale Cathedral 4100:Torcello Cathedral 4072:Byzantine churches 4064: 3992:population density 3964: 3816: 3794: 3772:Byzantine Anatolia 3635:sacking of Corinth 3582: 3571: 3567:Tony Robert-Fleury 3439: 3435:Indo-Greek Kingdom 3387:Seleucus I Nicator 3316: 3201:Hellenistic Greece 3197:Hellenistic Period 3191:Hellenistic Greece 3031: 2998:(soldiers) at the 2732:Greco-Persian Wars 2658: 2637: 2467:Protogeometric art 2393:Greco-Persian wars 2287: 2275: 2258:Classical Anatolia 2104: 2098:Mycenaean Greece, 1967:Cretan hieroglyphs 1891:Mycenaean language 1845: 1706:rescue excavations 1701:Paleolithic period 1632:Prehistoric Cyprus 1618:Prehistoric Greece 1534:) lasted from the 1488:Hellenistic period 1472:Age), 1,100–800 BC 892:Primordial deities 796:Early 20th century 629:Hellenic languages 198:Hellenistic Greece 13290:History of Greece 13277: 13276: 13245: 13244: 13241: 13240: 12927:Late 20th century 12907:Early Middle Ages 12391:Albanian language 11589:Megleno-Romanians 11512: 11511: 11285: 11284: 11281: 11280: 10963:Council of Europe 10945:Foreign relations 10925:Life imprisonment 10856:Political parties 10664: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10613:Natural disasters 10558:Mediterranean Sea 10051:Aetolia-Acarnania 9976: 9975: 9972: 9971: 9930:Language question 9792:Greco-Turkish War 9741:Kingdom of Candia 9595:League of Corinth 9590:Peloponnesian War 9411: 9410: 9006: 9005: 8932:COVID-19 pandemic 8877:French Revolution 8852:Habsburg monarchy 8832:Cossack Hetmanate 8812:Portuguese Empire 8802:Absolute monarchy 8797:Thirty Years' War 8692:Holy Roman Empire 8617:Bulgarian Empire 8576:Early Middle Ages 8493:Bronze Age Europe 8467:History of Europe 8355:978-0-57-116122-5 8334:978-0-50-027586-3 8311:978-0-19-537235-9 8290:978-0-8047-4050-0 8239:978-3-77-492870-1 8218:978-8-87-088285-8 8192:978-1-44-431483-0 8171:978-0-68-419309-0 8148:978-1-59-738003-4 8127:978-0-521-29037-1 8101:978-0-52-152100-0 8080:978-0-14-013751-4 8057:978-0-85-773004-6 8036:978-0-19-285247-2 8004:978-0-230-61915-9 7985:978-0-333-27836-9 7964:978-1-43-812918-1 7885:978-0-27-596544-0 7864:978-0-631-22667-3 7812:978-1-13-946212-9 7791:978-0-7156-0580-6 7735:(25): 9211–9216. 7715:978-0-521-81444-7 7688:978-1-4443-5163-7 7644:978-0-20-300966-6 7590:978-0-20-384696-4 7537:978-0-631-22667-3 7487:(6965): 435–439. 7424:978-91-7081-031-2 7330:978-3-79-082086-7 7309:978-0-52-100479-4 7288:978-0-79-531147-5 7256:978-1-13-488064-5 7156:978-0-20-348576-7 7075:www.aljazeera.com 6768:Featherstone 1990 6700:978-0-262-51092-9 6511:, pp. 86–98. 6478:, pp. 32–33. 6418:Vacalopoulos 1976 6404:978-0-521-37151-3 6289:, pp. 10–11. 5924:(7766): 500–504. 5831:20.500.12128/3647 5610:History of Europe 5505:History of Thrace 5495:History of Athens 5480:History of Cyprus 5077: 4951:Greco-Italian War 4867:Georgios Kondylis 4681:Kingdom of Greece 4586:Kingdom of Greece 4543:Septinsular Greek 4484:Kingdom of Greece 4417:crypto-Christians 4126:, as well as the 4066:A renaissance of 4055:Exterior view of 4019:Venetian Republic 3800:Depiction of the 3553:Depiction of the 3541:Greco-Roman world 3385: Kingdom of 3376: Kingdom of 3367: Kingdom of 3358: Kingdom of 3293:Antigonid dynasty 3181:Macedonian Empire 3161:League of Corinth 3138:Battle of Leuctra 3027:Peloponnesian War 2888:Peloponnesian War 2882:Peloponnesian War 2876:Peloponnesian War 2806:, re-subjugating 2708:Peloponnesian War 2601:Geometric pottery 2492:Greek city-states 2391:began during the 1937:flat female idols 1806:Asprochaliko Cave 1786:Upper Paleolithic 1681:hominin evolution 1540:Venetian Republic 1439:), sealed by the 1387:prospered in the 1355:Bronze Age Greece 1270:history of Greece 1266: 1265: 1230:Greece portal 800:Late 20th century 780:Early Middle Ages 643:Language question 531:Culture of Greece 515: 514: 481:Greece portal 405: 396: 387: 378: 360: 351: 342: 333: 329:Kingdom of Greece 324: 315: 306: 282: 273: 264: 240: 211: 202: 193: 184: 175: 152: 136: 120: 16:(Redirected from 13297: 13267: 13257: 13256: 13213:national colours 13130:Ancient Olympics 13027:Twelve Olympians 12955:Church of Greece 12915:Early Modern Era 12911:Late Middle Ages 12865:Ancient religion 12419:Megleno-Romanian 12316:Greco-Australian 11852:Heptanese school 11785:Independence Day 11529: 11528: 11518: 11517: 11291: 11290: 11212:Environmentalism 10874:Council of State 10683: 10682: 10670: 10669: 9995: 9994: 9982: 9981: 9866:Christianization 9726: 9696:Empire of Nicaea 9681:East–West Schism 9656:Migration period 9646:Byzantine period 9639: 9615:Roman–Greek wars 9576:Classical period 9549: 9548:(1100 BC-330 AD) 9530:Mycenaean period 9493: 9485: 9484: 9472: 9471: 9438: 9431: 9424: 9415: 9414: 9348:Dependencies and 9047:Sovereign states 9033: 9026: 9019: 9010: 9009: 8867:Great Divergence 8782:Age of Discovery 8727:Late Middle Ages 8697:High Middle Ages 8608:Byzantine Empire 8591:Christianization 8581:Migration Period 8516:Classical Greece 8488:Neolithic Europe 8460: 8453: 8446: 8437: 8436: 8359: 8338: 8326: 8315: 8294: 8273: 8264: 8243: 8222: 8196: 8175: 8163: 8152: 8131: 8119: 8105: 8084: 8072: 8061: 8040: 8028: 8008: 7989: 7968: 7947: 7942:. Archived from 7926:(235): 234–247. 7910: 7889: 7868: 7856: 7845: 7816: 7795: 7772: 7762: 7752: 7719: 7692: 7669: 7648: 7627: 7594: 7573: 7559:Mycenaean Greece 7552: 7541: 7520: 7471: 7458: 7437: 7428: 7407: 7384: 7363: 7354: 7343: 7334: 7313: 7292: 7271: 7260: 7239: 7202: 7181: 7160: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7120:. 31 August 2024 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7019: 7013: 7012: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6962:. Archived from 6956: 6950: 6949: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6875: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6684: 6678: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6576:. Archived from 6575: 6566: 6560: 6559:, pp. 7–14. 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6320: 6314: 6308: 6302: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6256: 6250: 6245:, pp. 1–2; 6240: 6234: 6228: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6186:Mycenaean Greece 6182: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6078: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6030: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5853: 5844: 5843: 5833: 5808:(5–6): 697–710. 5792: 5786: 5785: 5775: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5727: 5709: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5630: 5545:Mycenaean Greece 5535:Cycladic culture 5525:Neolithic Greece 5475:History of Crete 5405: 5082: 5080:Emfílios pólemos 5072: 5070: 5069:Eμφύλιος πόλεμος 4994:Jewish community 4962:Battle of Greece 4916:Greek Resistance 4905:Anatolia College 4853:Greek Resistance 4791:Treaty of Sèvres 4759:The outbreak of 4731:Treaty of Sèvres 4697:Macedonian front 4569:and the second, 4460:as its capital. 4455: 4454: 4440:Greek revolution 4429:Turkish language 4408:multiculturalism 4369:until 1669. The 4208:Empire of Nicaea 4184:Byzantine Empire 4128:Cefalù Cathedral 4041:Artistic revival 3910:Christianization 3863:Byzantine Empire 3856:Hellenic culture 3834:(now modern-day 3811:Madrid Skylitzes 3752:Byzantine Greece 3748:Byzantine Empire 3657:in 168 BC. 3651:Aemilius Paullus 3641:in 146 BC, 3457:and brought the 3447:Chremonidean War 3441:In 267 BC, 3422: 3412: 3403: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3351:Diadoch kingdoms 3314:(3rd century BC) 3308:Stag Hunt Mosaic 3175:to northwestern 3095:Spartan hegemony 3079:Battle of Notium 2939:, laid siege to 2937:Battle of Sybota 2677: 2676: 2619:Classical Athens 2613:Classical Greece 2607:Classical Greece 2582:Mycenaean script 2481: 2477: 2474: 2389:Classical period 2379:(the so-called " 2348: 2345: 2317: 2314: 2307:) to the end of 2306: 2302: 2299: 2127: 2124: 2116: 2113: 2108:Helladic periods 2101: 2090:Mycenaean Greece 2079: 2075: 2072: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2044:Eutresis culture 2040:Helladic periods 2012:Mycenaean Greeks 2001: 1998: 1990: 1987: 1969:. Even the name 1960: 1956: 1953: 1929:material culture 1925:Cycladic culture 1904: 1899:Early Bronze Age 1895:Neolithic period 1853:Neolithic Greece 1849:Neolithic Europe 1822:Southeast Europe 1708:. New caves and 1694: 1510:Byzantine Empire 1506:Byzantine Greece 1482:Classical period 1461: 1457: 1454: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1385:Cycladic culture 1382: 1378: 1375: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1334:Neolithic Greece 1308:geomorphological 1305: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1105:Ancient Olympics 900:Twelve Olympians 828:Church of Greece 788:Early Modern Era 784:Late Middle Ages 738:Ancient religion 579:Christianization 542: 533: 517: 516: 507: 500: 493: 479: 478: 477: 417:History by topic 403: 394: 385: 376: 358: 349: 340: 331: 322: 313: 304: 280: 271: 262: 238: 230:Byzantine Greece 209: 200: 191: 189:Classical Greece 182: 174:(1100 BC–750 BC) 173: 150: 149: 1750–1050 147: 143: 134: 133: 3100–1100 131: 127: 118: 117: 3100–1000 115: 111: 96:Greek Bronze Age 76:Neolithic Greece 68: 58: 40: 39: 21: 13305: 13304: 13300: 13299: 13298: 13296: 13295: 13294: 13280: 13279: 13278: 13273: 13237: 13187: 13165:Modern Olympics 13116: 12850: 12490: 12447: 12347:Mycenaean Greek 12237: 11881: 11824: 11800:Souliotic songs 11781:Public holidays 11612: 11608:Life expectancy 11569:Muslim minority 11550:names of Greece 11523: 11508: 11445:Merchant Marine 11416:Public pensions 11298: 11277: 11244: 11194:Hellenocentrism 11144: 11065: 11002: 10939: 10888: 10866:Judicial system 10860: 10836:Nationality law 10822: 10786: 10781:Maximos Mansion 10740: 10677: 10656: 10652:Protected areas 10594: 10529: 10452: 10087:Saronic Islands 10033: 9989: 9968: 9848:Ancient regions 9836: 9827:Democratization 9802:Second Republic 9787:National Schism 9724: 9719: 9713: 9637: 9629: 9556:Greek Dark Ages 9547: 9539: 9525:Helladic period 9491: 9479: 9466: 9448: 9442: 9412: 9407: 9391: 9349: 9343: 9329:Northern Cyprus 9311: 9305: 9221:North Macedonia 9042: 9037: 9007: 9002: 8941: 8907:Interwar period 8882:Napoleonic Wars 8746: 8717:Mongol invasion 8670:Crown of Aragon 8562: 8502: 8498:Iron Age Europe 8469: 8464: 8406:Wayback Machine 8395: 8367: 8362: 8356: 8335: 8312: 8291: 8261: 8240: 8219: 8201:Latacz, Joachim 8193: 8172: 8149: 8128: 8102: 8081: 8058: 8037: 8016: 8014:Further reading 8011: 8005: 7986: 7965: 7907: 7886: 7865: 7813: 7792: 7716: 7689: 7666: 7645: 7591: 7570: 7538: 7470:(3): 1017–1055. 7455: 7425: 7404: 7353:(1–2): 101–153. 7331: 7310: 7289: 7257: 7178: 7157: 7138: 7133: 7123: 7121: 7112: 7111: 7107: 7097: 7095: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7028:TheGuardian.com 7021: 7020: 7016: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6969: 6967: 6958: 6957: 6953: 6938: 6934: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6864: 6860: 6850: 6848: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6819:"Acropolis now" 6817: 6816: 6812: 6802: 6800: 6790: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6766: 6762: 6754: 6750: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6728: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6701: 6685: 6681: 6675:Wayback Machine 6662: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6573: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6463: 6447: 6443: 6428: 6424: 6416: 6412: 6405: 6381: 6377: 6366: 6364: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6321: 6317: 6309: 6305: 6301:, pp. 343. 6297: 6293: 6285: 6281: 6273: 6269: 6257: 6253: 6241: 6237: 6229: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6183: 6179: 6171: 6167: 6163:, pp. 156, 192. 6159: 6155: 6146: 6144: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6120: 6116: 6109:"Greek history" 6107: 6106: 6102: 6055: 6051: 6042: 6040: 6032: 6031: 6024: 6015: 6013: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5990: 5988: 5965: 5961: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5881: 5877: 5868: 5866: 5854: 5847: 5793: 5789: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5692:(5): e0177127. 5678: 5674: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5550:Greek Dark Ages 5471: 5403: 5381:government debt 5369: 5363: 5286: 5278:Main articles: 5276: 5213: 5205:Main articles: 5203: 5187:economic growth 5157: 5120:Truman Doctrine 5112:Democratic Army 5061:Greek Civil War 5043: 5041:Greek civil war 5033: 4880:Members of the 4855: 4837: 4831: 4773:National Schism 4711: 4705:National Schism 4691:Main articles: 4689: 4648: 4640:Main articles: 4638: 4614: 4490: 4472: 4466: 4311: 4295:Main articles: 4293: 4269: 4249:Duchy of Athens 4176: 4168:Main articles: 4166: 4156:, merchants of 4146:Princes of Kiev 4112:Palatine Chapel 4049: 4043: 3953: 3872:Orthodox Church 3788:monasteries in 3778: 3768: 3758: 3746:Main articles: 3744: 3739: 3680:agora in Athens 3649:, by the Roman 3547: 3535:Main articles: 3533: 3503:Seleucid Empire 3431:Attalid kingdom 3428: 3420: 3418: 3410: 3408: 3401: 3398: 3391: 3389: 3382: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3364: 3362: 3360:Ptolemy I Soter 3355: 3328:Aetolian League 3235:Ptolemaic Egypt 3203: 3195:Main articles: 3193: 3169:largest empires 3112:, Corinth, and 3000:Battle of Pylos 2972:Peace of Nicias 2964:Archidamian War 2949:Megarian decree 2890: 2884: 2834:, launched the 2734: 2728: 2702:was imposed by 2633:Stoa of Attalus 2621: 2615: 2609: 2578: 2568: 2562: 2519:Dorian invasion 2484:Dorian invasion 2479: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2461:Greek Dark Ages 2457: 2346: 2315: 2304: 2300: 2294:Greek Dark Ages 2264: 2254: 2248: 2205:Michael Ventris 2142:Greek mythology 2125: 2114: 2092: 2086: 2077: 2073: 2054: 2050: 1999: 1988: 1958: 1954: 1921: 1913:Main articles: 1911: 1905:3200 BC). 1867: 1861:Helladic period 1847:Main articles: 1830: 1774: 1697: 1661: 1656: 1634: 1622:Main articles: 1620: 1530:(including the 1466:Greek Dark Ages 1459: 1456: 1,200 BC 1455: 1437: 1,050 BC 1436: 1432: 1423:Mycenaean Greek 1419: 1,100 BC 1418: 1414: 1400: 1,050 BC 1399: 1395: 1381: 2,000 BC 1380: 1376: 1366: 1,100 BC 1365: 1361: 1344: 1340: 1287: 1262: 1224: 1222: 1215: 1214: 1210:National anthem 1195: 1194: 1185: 1184: 1175: 1174: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1140:Modern Olympics 1098: 1097: 1086: 1085: 1066: 1065: 1054: 1053: 1044: 1043: 1031: 1030: 1011: 1010: 992: 991: 990: 989: 731: 730: 684: 683: 682: 681: 561:Ancient regions 554: 553: 529: 511: 475: 473: 468: 467: 418: 410: 409: 406: 397: 388: 379: 365:Axis occupation 361: 352: 343: 338:National Schism 334: 325: 316: 307: 297: 287: 286: 283: 274: 265: 255: 245: 244: 241: 232: 225: 223:Medieval Greece 215: 214: 210:(146 BC–330 AD) 203: 194: 192:(500 BC–323 BC) 185: 183:(800 BC–480 BC) 176: 171:Greek Dark Ages 166: 156: 155: 148: 137: 132: 121: 116: 105: 98: 88: 87: 78: 56: 49: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13303: 13293: 13292: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13271: 13261: 13250: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13206: 13201: 13195: 13193: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13185: 13180: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13126: 13124: 13118: 13117: 13115: 13114: 13112:Wayside shrine 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12995:Kallikantzaros 12992: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12873:Modern Revival 12861: 12859: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12848: 12838: 12833: 12738:Byzantine lyra 12719: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12657: 12652: 12617:Rougatsiarikos 12506: 12500: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12457: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12445: 12443:Words for love 12440: 12435: 12426: 12384: 12366: 12359:Medieval Greek 12340: 12335: 12288:Greek language 12285: 12251:Greek alphabet 12247: 12245: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12235: 12161: 12142: 12137: 12118: 12100: 12085: 12080: 12070: 12055:Galaktoboureko 12040: 11998: 11959: 11957:List of dishes 11954: 11915: 11891: 11889: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11879: 11874: 11864: 11854: 11845: 11834: 11832: 11826: 11825: 11823: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11795:Rouketopolemos 11792: 11778: 11773: 11771:Plate smashing 11768: 11759: 11754: 11752:Naming customs 11749: 11744: 11739: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11622: 11620: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11562: 11557: 11543: 11537: 11535: 11525: 11524: 11514: 11513: 11510: 11509: 11507: 11506: 11501: 11486:Transportation 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11369: 11364: 11354: 11351:electric power 11344: 11339: 11334: 11324: 11314: 11309: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11287: 11286: 11283: 11282: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11275: 11270: 11268:Regional units 11265: 11260: 11254: 11252: 11246: 11245: 11243: 11242: 11237: 11223: 11205: 11187: 11173: 11163: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11094: 11084: 11079: 11073: 11071: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11063: 11058: 11056:National Guard 11053: 11043: 11038: 11036:Military ranks 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11012: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 11000: 10998:United Nations 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10970: 10968:European Union 10965: 10960: 10958:Cyprus dispute 10955: 10953:Aegean dispute 10949: 10947: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10896: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10881: 10879:Court of Audit 10876: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10858: 10853: 10851:Pasokification 10848: 10843: 10838: 10832: 10830: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10800: 10794: 10792: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10777:Prime Minister 10774: 10764: 10754: 10748: 10746: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10733: 10707: 10691: 10689: 10679: 10678: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10649: 10647:National Parks 10644: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10610: 10604: 10602: 10596: 10595: 10593: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10539: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10494: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10460: 10458: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10450: 10432: 10406: 10372: 10346: 10284: 10253:Ionian Islands 10250: 10228: 10162: 10112: 10090: 10047:Central Greece 10043: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10024:Extreme points 10021: 10007: 10001: 9999: 9991: 9990: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9861:Ottoman Greeks 9854: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9832:Third Republic 9829: 9824: 9822:Military junta 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9767:First Republic 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9747:Ottoman Greece 9744: 9729: 9727: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9711: 9706: 9693: 9688: 9686:Fourth Crusade 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9642: 9640: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9566:Archaic period 9563: 9558: 9552: 9550: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9496: 9494: 9481: 9480: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9441: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9418: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9405: 9403:European Union 9399: 9397: 9396:Other entities 9393: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9353: 9351: 9350:other entities 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9315: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9296:United Kingdom 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9109:Czech Republic 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9050: 9048: 9044: 9043: 9036: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9013: 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8857:Russian Empire 8854: 8849: 8847:British Empire 8844: 8842:Dutch Republic 8839: 8837:Swedish Empire 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8817:Spanish Empire 8814: 8809: 8807:Ottoman Empire 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8778: 8777: 8767: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8722:Serbian Empire 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8630: 8629: 8628: 8623: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8594: 8593: 8583: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8558:Late antiquity 8555: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8521:Roman Republic 8518: 8512: 8510: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8463: 8462: 8455: 8448: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8394: 8393:External links 8391: 8390: 8389: 8379: 8366: 8365:Historiography 8363: 8361: 8360: 8354: 8339: 8333: 8323:The Mycenaeans 8316: 8310: 8295: 8289: 8274: 8265: 8259: 8244: 8238: 8223: 8217: 8197: 8191: 8176: 8170: 8153: 8147: 8132: 8126: 8110:Chadwick, John 8106: 8100: 8085: 8079: 8062: 8056: 8041: 8035: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8003: 7990: 7984: 7969: 7963: 7948: 7946:on 2013-10-14. 7911: 7905: 7890: 7884: 7869: 7863: 7846: 7817: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7773: 7720: 7714: 7693: 7687: 7670: 7664: 7649: 7643: 7628: 7610:(2): 223–241. 7595: 7589: 7574: 7568: 7553: 7542: 7536: 7521: 7472: 7459: 7453: 7438: 7429: 7423: 7408: 7402: 7385: 7364: 7355: 7335: 7329: 7314: 7308: 7293: 7287: 7272: 7261: 7255: 7240: 7220:10.2307/503823 7214:(4): 313–316. 7203: 7193:(3): 285–303. 7182: 7176: 7161: 7155: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7105: 7080: 7062: 7048: 7034: 7031:. 7 July 2019. 7014: 7008:Deutsche Welle 6994: 6976: 6951: 6932: 6914: 6907: 6887: 6858: 6832: 6810: 6784: 6772: 6770:, p. 182. 6760: 6756:Moustakis 2003 6748: 6734: 6732:, p. 167. 6722: 6720:, p. 159. 6710: 6699: 6679: 6664:Angus Maddison 6656: 6644: 6632: 6620: 6618:, p. 285. 6616:Churchill 2010 6608: 6586: 6583:on 2008-04-28. 6561: 6549: 6537: 6525: 6513: 6492: 6490:, p. 173. 6480: 6468: 6461: 6441: 6422: 6410: 6403: 6375: 6344: 6342:, p. 159. 6332: 6315: 6303: 6291: 6279: 6267: 6263:Dickinson 1999 6259:Dickinson 1977 6251: 6243:Castleden 1993 6235: 6214: 6202: 6177: 6165: 6153: 6129: 6114: 6100: 6049: 6022: 5997: 5959: 5903: 5875: 5845: 5787: 5739: 5672: 5645:(6): 551–561. 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5470: 5467: 5430:Alexis Tsipras 5365:Main article: 5362: 5359: 5338:European Union 5308:Constantine II 5275: 5272: 5241:Greek monarchy 5202: 5199: 5170:, and in 1952 5168:women's rights 5156: 5153: 5089:United Kingdom 5032: 5029: 5028: 5027: 4936:Metaxas regime 4833:Main article: 4830: 4827: 4688: 4685: 4677:Aegean islands 4637: 4634: 4613: 4610: 4598:Ionian Islands 4551:Central Greece 4547:First Republic 4468:Main article: 4465: 4462: 4400:Ottoman Greece 4390:intelligentsia 4371:Ionian Islands 4335:Ottoman Empire 4327:Aegean Islands 4301:Ottoman Greece 4292: 4289: 4268: 4265: 4204:Fourth Crusade 4196:Late Byzantine 4188:Fourth Crusade 4170:Fourth Crusade 4165: 4162: 4150:Venetian Doges 4142:Romanesque art 4138:Andalusian art 4045:Main article: 4042: 4039: 3952: 3949: 3832:Constantinople 3806:John Skylitzes 3784:Byzantine-era 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3639:Lucius Mummius 3586:Roman Republic 3532: 3529: 3521:Isthmian Games 3419: 3409: 3406:Greek colonies 3400: 3390: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3354: 3332:Achaean League 3267:was left with 3239:Seleucid Syria 3233:, capitals of 3192: 3189: 3130:Persian Empire 3102:Corinthian War 2886:Main article: 2883: 2880: 2780:Persian Empire 2730:Main article: 2727: 2724: 2716:Persian Empire 2706:following the 2696:Thirty Tyrants 2611:Main article: 2608: 2605: 2566:Archaic Greece 2564:Main article: 2561: 2560:Archaic Greece 2558: 2500:Greek alphabet 2459:Main article: 2456: 2453: 2397:Persian Empire 2377:Southern Italy 2355:Greek alphabet 2342:, which began 2340:Archaic period 2290:Ancient Greece 2252:Ancient Greece 2250:Main article: 2247: 2244: 2126: 1100 BC 2115: 1600 BC 2088:Main article: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2000 BC 2067:Tiryns culture 2055: 2650 BC 2004:Minoan palaces 2000: 1600 BC 1959: 1400 BC 1910: 1907: 1829: 1826: 1814:Theopetra Cave 1798:Kalamakia Cave 1794:Franchthi Cave 1773: 1770: 1696: 1689: 1672:Graecopithecus 1660: 1657: 1650:Theopetra cave 1619: 1616: 1564: 1563: 1557: 1546:Ottoman Greece 1543: 1536:Fourth Crusade 1525: 1514:Constantinople 1503: 1502: 1501: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1476:Archaic period 1473: 1468:(or Iron Age, 1449:Ancient Greece 1446: 1445: 1444: 1426:palace culture 1383:). Meanwhile, 1370:Early Helladic 1352: 1331: 1325: 1324:in the region. 1286: 1283: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1001: 1000: 994: 993: 988: 987: 985:Wayside shrine 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 885: 880: 875: 870: 868:Kallikantzaros 865: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 817: 812: 807: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 746:Modern Revival 734: 733: 732: 726: 725: 724: 721: 720: 714: 713: 707: 706: 700: 699: 693: 692: 686: 685: 680: 679: 674: 669: 664: 650: 645: 640: 635: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 591: 586: 581: 576: 574:Ottoman Greeks 567: 557: 556: 555: 549: 548: 547: 544: 543: 535: 534: 526: 525: 513: 512: 510: 509: 502: 495: 487: 484: 483: 470: 469: 466: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 398: 392:Military Junta 389: 380: 362: 353: 344: 341:(1914/15-1917) 335: 326: 317: 308: 298: 293: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 278:Ottoman Greece 275: 266: 260:Venetian Crete 256: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 242: 233: 226: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 204: 201:(323 BC–31 BC) 195: 186: 180:Archaic Greece 177: 167: 164:Ancient Greece 162: 161: 158: 157: 154: 153: 138: 122: 106: 99: 94: 93: 90: 89: 86: 85: 79: 74: 73: 70: 69: 61: 60: 51: 50: 43: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13302: 13291: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13270: 13266: 13262: 13260: 13252: 13251: 13248: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13184: 13181: 13178: 13174: 13170: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13123: 13119: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13082:Protestantism 13080: 13078: 13075: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13044: 13040: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12990: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12932: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12870: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12853: 12846: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12807: 12803: 12799: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12717: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12707:Ionian School 12705: 12703: 12700: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12684:Peloponnesian 12681: 12677: 12673: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12602: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12566: 12562: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12501: 12499: 12497: 12493: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12481:Media freedom 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12450: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12430: 12427: 12424: 12420: 12416: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12403:Balkan Romani 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12385: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12364: 12360: 12356: 12352: 12351:Ancient Greek 12348: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12272: 12271:Cyrillization 12268: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12244: 12240: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12201: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12162: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12135: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12078: 12074: 12071: 12068: 12064: 12060: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12044: 12041: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12010: 12006: 12002: 11999: 11996: 11995:Frappé coffee 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11952: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11913: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11892: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11878: 11877:Religious art 11875: 11872: 11868: 11865: 11862: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11846: 11843: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11827: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11766:Hellenophobia 11763: 11762:Philhellenism 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11737: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11717:Hellenization 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11692:Eastern Party 11690: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11671: 11670:Mariner's cap 11667: 11663: 11659: 11655: 11651: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11615: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11555: 11551: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11530: 11526: 11519: 11515: 11505: 11502: 11499: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11446: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11426: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11362: 11358: 11355: 11352: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11332: 11328: 11325: 11322: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11301: 11297: 11292: 11288: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11253: 11251: 11247: 11241: 11238: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11206: 11203: 11199: 11195: 11191: 11188: 11185: 11181: 11180:Republicanism 11177: 11174: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11161: 11157: 11154: 11153: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11092: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11070:Social issues 11068: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 11005: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10942: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10920: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10891: 10885: 10884:Supreme Court 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10869: 10867: 10863: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10825: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10808: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10782: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10762: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10737: 10734: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10710:Constitutions 10708: 10705: 10701: 10697: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10671: 10667: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10536: 10532: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10455: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10433: 10430: 10426: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10407: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10373: 10370: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10347: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10328: 10324: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10229: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10214: 10210: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10160: 10156: 10152: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10098: 10094: 10091: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9983: 9979: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9906:Greek Muslims 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9886: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9839: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9731: 9730: 9728: 9723: 9716: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9636: 9632: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9546: 9542: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9500:Neolithic Age 9498: 9497: 9495: 9492:(pre-1100 BC) 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9451: 9446: 9439: 9434: 9432: 9427: 9425: 9420: 9419: 9416: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9362:Faroe Islands 9360: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9346: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9334:South Ossetia 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9308: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9181:Liechtenstein 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9034: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9020: 9015: 9014: 9011: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8953:Art of Europe 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8773: 8772: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8752:Modern period 8749: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8634: 8631: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8461: 8456: 8454: 8449: 8447: 8442: 8441: 8438: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8396: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8357: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8340: 8336: 8330: 8325: 8324: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8303: 8302: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8275: 8271: 8266: 8262: 8260:9780691035239 8256: 8252: 8251: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8231: 8230: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8184: 8183: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8162: 8161: 8154: 8150: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8118: 8117: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8071: 8070: 8063: 8059: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8042: 8038: 8032: 8027: 8026: 8019: 8018: 8006: 8000: 7996: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7970: 7966: 7960: 7956: 7955: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7912: 7908: 7906:9780813508108 7902: 7898: 7897: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7877: 7876: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7855: 7854: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7721: 7717: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7671: 7667: 7661: 7657: 7656: 7650: 7646: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7575: 7571: 7569:9780710083791 7565: 7561: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7460: 7456: 7454:9789535172611 7450: 7446: 7445: 7439: 7435: 7430: 7426: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7409: 7405: 7403:9780415023269 7399: 7395: 7391: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7375:(1): 97–107. 7374: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7315: 7311: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7294: 7290: 7284: 7280: 7279: 7273: 7269: 7268: 7262: 7258: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7179: 7177:9780892367757 7173: 7169: 7168: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7148: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7058: 7052: 7044: 7038: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7018: 7010: 7009: 7004: 6998: 6990: 6986: 6980: 6966:on 2022-02-19 6965: 6961: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6910: 6908:9781137588418 6904: 6900: 6899: 6891: 6876:on 2022-12-10 6874: 6869: 6862: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6820: 6814: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6776: 6769: 6764: 6758:, p. 33. 6757: 6752: 6744: 6738: 6731: 6726: 6719: 6714: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6683: 6677:, OECD (1995) 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6660: 6653: 6648: 6641: 6636: 6629: 6624: 6617: 6612: 6596: 6590: 6579: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6553: 6546: 6541: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6472: 6464: 6462:9780520023420 6458: 6454: 6453: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6414: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6387: 6379: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6341: 6336: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6312: 6307: 6300: 6299:Olbrycht 2011 6295: 6288: 6283: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6248: 6244: 6239: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6211: 6206: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6174: 6169: 6162: 6161:Georgiev 1981 6157: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6125: 6118: 6110: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6069:(5): e03958. 6068: 6064: 6060: 6053: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5852: 5850: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5791: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5625: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5466: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5388:yield spreads 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5318:PASOK Party ( 5317: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5293:metapolitefsi 5289: 5285: 5281: 5280:Metapolitefsi 5271: 5269: 5265: 5262:in 1974 (see 5261: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5191:Greek economy 5188: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5176:Lina Tsaldari 5173: 5169: 5164: 5162: 5161:Marshall Plan 5152: 5148: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5124:Marshall Plan 5121: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5093:United States 5090: 5086: 5081: 5075: 5066: 5062: 5054: 5053: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4749: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4633: 4629: 4622: 4618: 4612:Modernization 4609: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4412:millet system 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4241:vassal states 4238: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4154:Monte Cassino 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4133: 4132:Norman Sicily 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068:Byzantine art 4062: 4058: 4057:Hosios Loukas 4053: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3637:by the Roman 3636: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3617:founding myth 3614: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3580: 3575: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509:by the Roman 3508: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3416: 3407: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3040:Magna Graecia 3037: 3028: 3024: 3023:Delian League 3019: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2968:Archidamus II 2965: 2960: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2927:, an ally of 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2869:, comprising 2868: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2855:Delian League 2851: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2794:launched the 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2576:Geometric Art 2573: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2468: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2449:neo-classical 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381:Magna Graecia 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369:Greeks spread 2366: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 800 BC 2341: 2336: 2334: 2333:Olympic Games 2329: 2325: 2321: 2316: AD 600 2310: 2305: 750 BC 2295: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2217:mummification 2214: 2210: 2209:beehive tombs 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2120: 2109: 2102:1400–1100 BC. 2096: 2091: 2081: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1994: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710:rock shelters 1707: 1702: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1667: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574:mountains in 1573: 1569: 1561: 1560:Modern Greece 1558: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1460: AD 600 1450: 1447: 1442: 1427: 1424: 1409: 1405: 1390: 1386: 1371: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1189: 1188: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1169: 1168: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1003: 1002: 999: 996: 995: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 955:Protestantism 953: 951: 948: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 863: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 833: 829: 825: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 747: 743: 739: 736: 735: 729: 723: 722: 719: 716: 715: 712: 709: 708: 705: 702: 701: 698: 695: 694: 691: 688: 687: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 662: 658: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 619:Greek Muslims 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 599: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 571: 568: 566: 562: 559: 558: 552: 546: 545: 541: 537: 536: 532: 528: 527: 523: 519: 518: 508: 503: 501: 496: 494: 489: 488: 486: 485: 482: 472: 471: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 420: 414: 413: 402: 399: 393: 390: 384: 381: 374: 370: 366: 363: 357: 354: 348: 345: 339: 336: 330: 327: 321: 318: 312: 309: 303: 300: 299: 296: 295:Modern Greece 291: 290: 279: 276: 270: 267: 261: 258: 257: 254: 249: 248: 237: 234: 231: 228: 227: 224: 219: 218: 208: 205: 199: 196: 190: 187: 181: 178: 172: 169: 168: 165: 160: 159: 142: 139: 126: 123: 110: 107: 104: 101: 100: 97: 92: 91: 84: 81: 80: 77: 72: 71: 67: 63: 62: 59: 53: 52: 47: 42: 41: 36: 32: 27: 19: 18:Greek history 13204:Coat of arms 13183:Rugby league 13097:Thymiaterion 12931:Contemporary 12919:19th century 12726:Askomandoura 12589:Metsovitikos 12553:Kalamatianos 12504:Church music 12363:Modern Greek 12296:Katharevousa 12275:Romanization 12212:Moschofilero 12126:Taramosalata 12047:Amygdalopita 11947:Spoon sweets 11939:Melomakarona 11861:19th century 11838:Architecture 11810:Tsiknopempti 11636:Clean Monday 11533:Demographics 11494:Athens Metro 11481:Trade unions 11451:Space Agency 11337:Central bank 11331:Central bank 11156:Conservatism 11130:Prostitution 11115:Human rights 11091:universities 11031:Conscription 10687:Constitution 10579:Thracian Sea 10567:Sea of Crete 10343:Thessaloniki 10225:Kastellorizo 9948:royal family 9876:Coups d'état 9871:Colonization 9812:World War II 9733:Stato da Màr 9718:Early modern 9691:Frankokratia 9476: 9457:Basic topics 9339:Transnistria 9301:Vatican City 9143: 8912:World War II 8765:Early modern 8742:Kalmar Union 8613:Papal States 8531:Roman Empire 8382: 8371: 8344: 8322: 8300: 8279: 8269: 8249: 8228: 8208: 8181: 8159: 8137: 8115: 8090: 8068: 8046: 8024: 7994: 7974: 7953: 7944:the original 7923: 7919: 7895: 7874: 7852: 7825: 7821: 7801: 7781: 7732: 7728: 7705: 7678: 7654: 7633: 7607: 7603: 7579: 7558: 7547: 7526: 7484: 7480: 7467: 7463: 7443: 7433: 7413: 7393: 7372: 7368: 7359: 7350: 7346: 7319: 7298: 7277: 7266: 7245: 7211: 7207: 7190: 7186: 7166: 7145: 7122:. Retrieved 7117: 7108: 7096:. Retrieved 7092: 7083: 7074: 7065: 7051: 7037: 7026: 7017: 7006: 6997: 6988: 6979: 6968:. Retrieved 6964:the original 6954: 6946:The Guardian 6945: 6935: 6926: 6917: 6901:. Springer. 6897: 6890: 6878:. Retrieved 6873:the original 6861: 6849:. Retrieved 6845: 6835: 6823:. Retrieved 6813: 6801:. Retrieved 6797: 6787: 6775: 6763: 6751: 6737: 6725: 6713: 6704: 6689: 6682: 6659: 6647: 6640:Shrader 1999 6635: 6628:Goulter 2014 6623: 6611: 6599:. Retrieved 6589: 6578:the original 6564: 6552: 6540: 6528: 6516: 6483: 6471: 6451: 6444: 6435: 6425: 6413: 6385: 6378: 6365:. Retrieved 6356: 6347: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6313:, p. 3. 6306: 6294: 6282: 6270: 6254: 6238: 6210:Coleman 2000 6205: 6197: 6194:Renfrew 1973 6185: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6145:. Retrieved 6141: 6132: 6123: 6117: 6103: 6066: 6062: 6052: 6041:. Retrieved 6037: 6014:. Retrieved 6012:. 2019-07-10 6009: 6000: 5989:. Retrieved 5975: 5968:Zimmer, Carl 5962: 5921: 5917: 5906: 5894:. Retrieved 5890:Live Science 5888: 5878: 5867:. Retrieved 5863:ResearchGate 5861: 5805: 5801: 5790: 5755: 5751: 5742: 5689: 5685: 5675: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5587: 5586: 5555: 5554: 5463: 5448: 5427: 5408: 5404:€110 billion 5402:agreed on a 5370: 5335: 5305: 5290: 5287: 5253: 5245:Papadopoulos 5236: 5222: 5180: 5165: 5158: 5149: 5145:proscription 5132: 5117: 5058: 5050: 5021: 4998: 4987: 4982:Soviet Union 4974:paratroopers 4967: 4958:Adolf Hitler 4955: 4947:World War II 4940: 4921: 4811: 4785: 4758: 4734: 4661: 4630: 4626: 4604:in 1863 and 4591: 4565:, came from 4541:, himself a 4536: 4528:philhellenes 4523: 4517: 4433: 4398: 4387: 4312: 4297:Stato da Màr 4270: 4236:Latinokratia 4235: 4232:Frankokratia 4231: 4227:Latin Empire 4193: 4174:Frankokratia 4152:, abbots of 4136: 4092: 4084: 4076:urbanization 4065: 4029:Kingdoms of 4016: 4004:Thessaloniki 3995: 3989: 3965: 3943: 3933: 3920: 3913: 3903: 3876: 3860: 3820:Roman Empire 3817: 3809: 3723: 3690: 3684: 3673: 3666:Thessalonica 3659: 3632: 3610: 3583: 3562: 3545:Roman Greece 3537:Roman Empire 3518: 3496: 3481: 3474: 3463: 3440: 3317: 3247: 3223: 3219:Christianity 3204: 3145:ten-year war 3142: 3099: 3076: 3060: 3032: 2985: 2961: 2953: 2914: 2907: 2897: 2891: 2864: 2852: 2778:against the 2745: 2738:Persian Wars 2735: 2726:Persian Wars 2719: 2711: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2661: 2659: 2643: 2590: 2579: 2535: 2528: 2504: 2470: 2438: 2434:Christianity 2429:Roman Empire 2362: 2337: 2320:Roman Empire 2288: 2221: 2212: 2178: 2158:Peloponnesos 2140:and most of 2119:Minoan Crete 2105: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2016:Arthur Evans 1979: 1970: 1950:lasted from 1941: 1922: 1868: 1775: 1746: 1722:Apidima Cave 1718:Peloponnesus 1698: 1670: 1664: 1662: 1608:South Africa 1565: 1494:Roman Greece 1490:, 323–146 BC 1484:, 490–323 BC 1478:, 800–490 BC 1433: 1,750 1415: 3,500 1396: 3,200 1377: 3,200 1362: 3,200 1345: 3,100 1341: 3,200 1321:Homo sapiens 1319: 1288: 1278:Greek people 1269: 1267: 1205:Coat of arms 1158:Rugby league 970:Thymiaterion 804:Contemporary 792:19th century 661:royal family 589:Coups d'état 584:Colonization 550: 443:Constitution 207:Roman Greece 54: 31:nation state 26: 13063:Bellerephon 13010:Mount Athos 12937:Fairy tales 12901:(Timeline: 12894:Drosoulites 12889:Catholicism 12672:Heptanesian 12613:Pyrrhichios 12609:Proskinitos 12565:Kerkiraikos 12561:Kastorianos 12549:Ikariotikos 12529:Dionysiakos 12521:Antikristos 12517:Angaliastos 12429:Place names 12355:Koine Greek 12304:Cappadocian 12259:Orthography 12168:Agiorgitiko 12146:Heptanesean 12144:Varieties ( 12130:Tirokafteri 12103:Restaurants 12073:Greek salad 12063:Spanakopita 11935:Loukoumades 11931:Kourabiedes 11927:Koulourakia 11820:Worry beads 11736:Theophany's 11722:Hospitality 11626:Anastenaria 11593:Slavophones 11560:Immigration 11406:Laiki agora 11357:Debt crisis 11307:Agriculture 11198:Megali Idea 11190:Nationalism 11125:LGBT rights 10935:Coast Guard 10919:Greek mafia 10791:Legislature 10617:earthquakes 10600:Environment 10575:Myrtoan Sea 10571:Icarian Sea 10375:Peloponnese 10029:Place names 9954:Phanariotes 9920:Proto-Greek 9881:Demographic 9782:World War I 9777:Balkan Wars 9725:(post-1453) 9635:Middle Ages 9377:Isle of Man 9312:recognition 9281:Switzerland 9216:Netherlands 8897:World War I 8887:Nationalism 8775:Reformation 8760:Renaissance 8732:Black Death 8665:Kievan Rus' 8568:Middle Ages 7828:(1): 7–14. 7124:1 September 7093:reuters.com 6311:Rhodes 2007 6287:Sealey 1976 6190:Hooker 1976 5225:coup d'état 5052:Dekemvriana 5037:Dekemvriana 4988:During the 4970:seize Crete 4945:efforts in 4761:World War I 4736:Megali Idea 4733:, when the 4664:Balkan Wars 4636:Balkan Wars 4594:Crimean War 4488:Megali Idea 4315:Peloponnese 4202:during the 3737:Middle Ages 3731:Middle Ages 3702:integration 3670:city-states 3591:Roman poets 3451:Chremonides 3427:(non-Greek) 3417:(non-Greek) 3347:Hellenistic 3281:Mesopotamia 3134:Epaminondas 3097:in Greece. 3021:Map of the 2947:, with the 2840:Thermopylae 2816:Mount Athos 2810:and adding 2649:Thermopylae 2546:Phoenicians 2531:aristocracy 2515:Sea Peoples 2476: 1100 2445:Renaissance 2425:Hellenistic 2301: 1050 2181:aristocracy 2074: 2200 2051: 3200 2034:, the last 1993:earthquakes 1965:script and 1955: 3000 1865:Proto-Greek 1837:Proto-Greek 1802:Peloponnese 1766:Peloponnese 1732:outside of 1683:outside of 1576:Afghanistan 1302:, starting 1297:Paleolithic 936:Bellerephon 883:Mount Athos 810:Fairy tales 774:(Timeline: 767:Drosoulites 762:Catholicism 667:Phanariotes 633:Proto-Greek 594:Demographic 423:Agriculture 395:(1967-1974) 386:(1946-1949) 377:(1941-1944) 373:Free Greece 359:(1936-1941) 350:(1924-1935) 323:(1822-1832) 314:(1821-1829) 305:(1800-1807) 281:(1371-1912) 272:(1363-1797) 263:(1205-1667) 239:(1204-1579) 55:History of 13160:Ice hockey 13140:Basketball 13107:Vrykolakas 12975:Hypertimos 12814:Tambourine 12746:Macedonian 12692:Thessalian 12676:Macedonian 12660:Folk music 12637:Tsakonikos 12585:Maniatikos 12581:Leventikos 12513:Ai Georgis 12486:Corruption 12476:Television 12471:Newspapers 12415:Macedonian 12395:Arvanitika 12369:Literature 12263:Diacritics 12204:Malagousia 12200:Mandilaria 12196:Mavrodafni 12158:Macedonian 12059:Karydopita 12021:Kefalotyri 12005:Anthotyros 11951:Vasilopita 11917:Desserts ( 11857:Modern art 11776:Philosophy 11732:New Year's 11662:Fustanella 11581:Aromanians 11565:Minorities 11554:the Greeks 11386:Euro coins 11234:Trotskyism 11184:Venizelism 11176:Liberalism 11160:Monarchism 11149:Ideologies 11097:Healthcare 10910:Corruption 10757:Government 10623:Ecoregions 10590:Libyan Sea 10585:Ionian Sea 10563:Aegean Sea 10515:Peninsulas 10291:Chalkidiki 10247:Thesprotia 10173:Astypalaia 10169:Agathonisi 10165:Dodecanese 10018:co-capital 9722:Modern era 9671:Iconoclasm 9638:(330–1453) 9510:Pelasgians 9505:Bronze Age 9489:Prehistory 9251:San Marino 9211:Montenegro 9191:Luxembourg 9171:Kazakhstan 9074:Azerbaijan 8660:Viking Age 8475:Prehistory 8374:21 (2018) 7665:0813133106 7344:3200 B.C." 6970:2022-05-23 6718:Clogg 2002 6545:Jones 2010 6533:Jones 2010 6521:Jones 2010 6509:Clogg 2002 6357:Britannica 6340:Yenne 2010 6147:2021-08-25 6043:2021-08-13 6016:2021-08-25 5991:2021-08-25 5869:2021-08-13 5616:References 5351:Aegean Sea 5095:) and the 5005:Yugoslavia 4839:See also: 4642:Goudi coup 4588:until 1947 4532:Lord Byron 4524:status quo 4359:Aegean Sea 4343:Monemvasia 4255:, and the 4214:, and the 4186:after the 4085:Beautiful 4080:mosaic art 3944:Sclavinias 3940:Asia Minor 3915:Sclavinias 3802:Greek fire 3760:See also: 3488:Asia Minor 3443:Ptolemy II 3378:Lysimachus 3345:The major 3297:Antipatrid 3257:Lamian War 3227:Alexandria 3108:, Athens, 3056:Alcibiades 3012:Amphipolis 3008:Amphipolis 2894:Thucydides 2820:Aegean Sea 2804:Hellespont 2680:city-state 2480: 800 2478: – c. 2417:philosophy 2413:literature 2385:Asia Minor 2303: – c. 2228:population 2076: – c. 2063:Bronze Age 2053: – c. 1957: – c. 1883:Aegean Sea 1857:Pelasgians 1818:Mesolithic 1778:Mesolithic 1742:Aegean Sea 1636:See also: 1572:Hindu Kush 1458: – c. 1435: – c. 1417: – c. 1398: – c. 1379: – c. 1364: – c. 1349:Bronze Age 1343: – c. 1328:Mesolithic 1135:Ice hockey 1115:Basketball 1076:Television 1008:Literature 980:Vrykolakas 848:Hypertimos 83:Pelasgians 13102:Name days 13015:Mythology 12903:Antiquity 12822:Tsampouna 12810:Tambouras 12786:Pan flute 12716:Skyladiko 12680:Nisiotika 12645:Zeibekiko 12605:Pentozali 12597:Palamakia 12577:Pidikhtos 12537:Gaitanaki 12407:Bulgarian 12399:Aromanian 12328:Tsakonian 12279:Greeklish 12243:Languages 12232:Xinomavro 12224:Savatiano 12184:Kotsifali 12176:Assyrtiko 12122:Skordalia 12097:Hilopites 12033:Metsovone 11991:Tsikoudia 11979:Sideritis 11805:Theophany 11728:Christmas 11712:Greektown 11697:Festivals 11682:Tsarouchi 11577:Arvanites 11376:renewable 11347:Companies 11321:companies 11240:Anarchism 11226:Socialism 11101:hospitals 11087:Education 11021:Alliances 11016:Air Force 10930:Terrorism 10841:Parataxis 10828:Elections 10818:Presidium 10767:President 10745:Executive 10525:Volcanoes 10497:Mountains 10387:Corinthia 10287:Macedonia 10281:Zakynthos 10265:Kefalonia 10185:Karpathos 10151:Santorini 10101:Heraklion 10083:Phthiotis 10075:Evrytania 10059:Acarnania 9987:Geography 9857:Byzantine 9817:Civil war 9620:Roman era 9545:Antiquity 9367:Gibraltar 9186:Lithuania 8707:Feudalism 8678:Catalonia 7940:163438965 7920:Antiquity 7624:144037807 7236:192941761 6367:19 August 6275:Hall 2014 5986:0362-4331 5954:195873640 5938:0028-0836 5896:24 August 5840:0016-7878 5716:1932-6203 5621:Citations 5415:contagion 5396:junk bond 5316:socialist 5249:Ioannides 5074:romanized 4901:Wehrmacht 4797:, led by 4673:Macedonia 4385:in 1800. 4375:Kefalonia 4331:conquered 4319:Venetians 4261:feudalism 4243:were the 4116:Martorana 4023:Holy Land 3974:emperors 3867:Justinian 3848:Hellenism 3844:Byzantium 3842:declared 3715:Palestine 3687:Caracalla 3662:Macedonia 3643:Macedonia 3511:proconsul 3369:Cassander 3336:Ptolemies 3275:with the 3155:for aid. 2921:Epidamnus 2909:Hellenica 2812:Macedonia 2800:Mardonius 2770:, led by 2747:Histories 2742:Herodotus 2629:Herodotus 2538:Black Sea 2401:democracy 2373:Black Sea 2328:Mycenaean 2309:antiquity 2285:in Athens 2156:, in the 2036:Stone Age 2032:Neolithic 1931:from the 1875:Near East 1800:in Mani ( 1790:Neolithic 1758:Macedonia 1518:Byzantium 1173:Monuments 975:Name days 888:Mythology 776:Antiquity 718:Festivals 704:Mythology 697:Languages 570:Byzantine 453:Ethnonyms 383:Civil War 13284:Category 13259:Category 13150:Football 13135:Baseball 13051:Daedalus 13035:Odysseus 13031:Heracles 12970:Hinduism 12884:Buddhism 12858:and lore 12856:Religion 12836:Rebetiko 12806:Souravli 12802:Santouri 12794:Psaltery 12790:Phorminx 12762:Floghera 12750:Politiki 12734:Bouzouki 12696:Thracian 12655:Éntekhno 12641:Tsamikos 12601:Partalos 12569:Kleistos 12545:Hasapiko 12533:Fisounis 12466:Internet 12438:Proverbs 12377:Medieval 12300:dialects 12283:numerals 12208:Malvasia 12140:Souvlaki 12134:Tzatziki 12120:Sauces ( 12093:Flomaria 12067:Tiropita 12051:Bougatsa 12037:Mizithra 12025:Ladotyri 12013:Graviera 11987:Tsipouro 11975:Rakomelo 11961:Drinks ( 11912:Tsoureki 11908:Paximadi 11900:Kritsini 11894:Breads ( 11726:Carols ( 11702:Folklore 11678:Perizoma 11666:Himation 11631:Caryatid 11541:Diaspora 11461:Taxation 11441:Shipping 11431:Rankings 11421:Railways 11401:Highways 11312:Airports 11230:Laocracy 11220:Pacifism 11216:Feminism 11170:Metaxism 11082:Cannabis 11077:Abortion 11008:Military 10993:Treaties 10988:Passport 10893:Security 10675:Politics 10509:Rhodopes 10429:Sporades 10421:Magnesia 10413:Karditsa 10409:Thessaly 10395:Messenia 10311:Kastoria 10239:Ioannina 10181:Kalymnos 10115:Cyclades 10105:Rethymno 9998:Overview 9940:Monarchy 9935:Military 9891:Economic 9841:By topic 9387:Svalbard 9372:Guernsey 9319:Abkhazia 9266:Slovenia 9261:Slovakia 9236:Portugal 9094:Bulgaria 8946:See also 8917:Cold War 8712:Crusades 8682:Valencia 8402:Archived 8203:(1994). 8112:(1976). 7842:71515470 7769:24927591 7509:14647380 7187:Hesperia 7098:23 April 6989:BBC News 6927:BBC News 6671:Archived 6361:Archived 6095:32490227 6010:phys.org 5970:(2019). 5946:31292546 5782:32080375 5734:28531170 5686:PLOS ONE 5667:84921970 5469:See also 5459:election 5439:election 5256:Makarios 5122:and the 5085:Cold War 4823:genocide 4621:George I 4606:Thessaly 4602:George I 4571:George I 4559:Nafplion 4355:Cyclades 4224:Catholic 4031:Outremer 4027:Crusader 3972:Komnenoi 3883:Lombards 3879:Persians 3852:Anatolia 3836:Istanbul 3786:Orthodox 3685:Emperor 3484:Carthage 3415:Carthage 3324:Pergamum 3289:Anatolia 3273:Seleucus 3083:Lysander 3052:Syracuse 2996:hoplites 2976:Pericles 2941:Potidaea 2904:Xenophon 2832:Xerxes I 2828:Marathon 2792:Darius I 2776:revolted 2645:Leonidas 2627:Bust of 2552:and the 2511:Egyptian 2509:and the 2236:invasion 2232:literacy 2224:dark age 2201:Linear B 2193:Linear A 2146:religion 1963:Linear A 1933:Cyclades 1879:Anatolia 1788:and the 1764:and the 1762:Thessaly 1646:Dispilio 1524:in 1453. 1389:Cyclades 1285:Timeline 1125:Football 1110:Baseball 924:Daedalus 908:Odysseus 904:Heracles 843:Hinduism 757:Buddhism 728:Religion 653:Monarchy 648:Military 604:Economic 522:a series 520:Part of 463:Military 458:Language 428:Alphabet 141:Mycenean 109:Cycladic 46:a series 44:Part of 13192:Symbols 13145:Cricket 13092:Sikhism 13087:Psychai 13071:Centaur 13059:Theseus 13055:Orpheus 13047:Perseus 13043:Oedipus 12989:History 12985:Judaism 12869:Origins 12826:Tympano 12818:Trigono 12798:Salpinx 12758:Crotala 12702:Hip Hop 12668:Epirote 12621:Sirtaki 12557:Kangeli 12541:Geranos 12433:exonyms 12423:Turkish 12373:Ancient 12343:History 12332:Yevanic 12312:Cypriot 12292:Demotic 12267:Braille 12255:History 12216:Retsina 12188:Lesbian 12154:Epirote 12115:Taverna 12107:Kafenio 12087:Pasta ( 12029:Manouri 12017:Kasseri 12001:Cheeses 11983:Tentura 11963:Mastika 11943:Pasteli 11896:Daktyla 11887:Cuisine 11871:Ancient 11867:Theatre 11842:Castles 11789:Ohi Day 11757:Paideia 11747:Mountza 11654:Chlamys 11618:Culture 11522:Society 11476:Tourism 11425:history 11380:nuclear 11367:Drachma 11327:Banking 11296:Economy 11166:Fascism 11109:smoking 11105:obesity 11046:Evzones 10807:Speaker 10752:Cabinet 10706:, 2019) 10638:Mammals 10633:Forests 10608:Climate 10501:Olympus 10479:Islands 10474:Geology 10457:Terrain 10443:Rhodope 10425:Trikala 10417:Larissa 10391:Laconia 10383:Argolis 10379:Arcadia 10307:Imathia 10303:Grevena 10299:Florina 10273:Lefkada 10269:Kythira 10243:Preveza 10205:Nisyros 10197:Leipsoi 10139:Mykonos 10131:Kythnos 10109:Lasithi 10067:Boeotia 10055:Aetolia 10039:Regions 10014:capital 10005:Borders 9772:Kingdom 9477:History 9291:Ukraine 9241:Romania 9201:Moldova 9159:Ireland 9154:Iceland 9149:Hungary 9139:Germany 9134:Georgia 9124:Finland 9119:Estonia 9114:Denmark 9099:Croatia 9084:Belgium 9079:Belarus 9069:Austria 9064:Armenia 9059:Andorra 9054:Albania 8787:Baroque 8686:Majorca 8598:Francia 7760:4078858 7737:Bibcode 7704:(ed.). 7489:Bibcode 7136:Sources 7118:DW News 6880:19 July 6851:19 July 6846:Reuters 6825:19 July 6803:19 July 6798:Reuters 6601:18 July 6086:7253483 6063:Heliyon 5810:Bibcode 5760:Bibcode 5725:5439669 5694:Bibcode 5647:Bibcode 5639:PALAIOS 5588:General 5349:in the 5103:(KKE). 5076:: 5009:Albania 5001:Romania 4932:Metaxas 4886:Metaxas 4575:Denmark 4573:, from 4567:Bavaria 4509:Nafplio 4351:Methone 4339:Nafplio 4333:by the 4323:Genoese 4281:Ottoman 4124:Palermo 4012:Corinth 3976:Alexios 3899:Bulgars 3850:toward 3790:Meteora 3711:Britain 3675:de jure 3647:Perseus 3628:Homeric 3569:, 1870. 3559:Corinth 3525:Chalcis 3310:at the 3265:Ptolemy 3253:Macedon 3231:Antioch 3157:Macedon 3128:to the 3072:Agis II 3044:Segesta 2931:in the 2925:Corinth 2917:Corcyra 2848:Plataea 2844:Salamis 2824:Eretria 2788:Eretria 2772:Miletus 2764:Balkans 2523:Dorians 2507:Hittite 2409:theater 2383:") and 2240:Dorians 2154:Argolid 2150:Mycenae 2020:Knossos 2008:Knossos 2006:except 1971:Minoans 1897:or the 1804:), the 1750:Boeotia 1714:Arcadia 1604:Georgia 1600:Armenia 1584:Albania 1550:Ottoman 1470:Homeric 1406:around 1193:Symbols 1120:Cricket 1049:Theatre 965:Sikhism 960:Psychai 944:Centaur 932:Theseus 928:Orpheus 920:Perseus 916:Oedipus 862:History 858:Judaism 742:Origins 711:Cuisine 551:History 448:Economy 404:(1974-) 13269:Portal 13199:Anthem 13155:Hockey 13023:Titans 12879:Aerico 12782:Organo 12774:Laouto 12754:Pontic 12742:Cretan 12688:Pontic 12664:Cretan 12649:Zervos 12629:Syrtos 12625:Sousta 12593:Ntames 12573:Koftos 12525:Ballos 12509:Dances 12461:Cinema 12411:Ladino 12381:Modern 12324:Pontic 12320:Maniot 12308:Cretan 12298:) and 12281:) and 12228:Vilana 12220:Robola 12192:Limnio 12180:Athiri 12172:Aidini 12150:Cretan 12111:Ouzeri 12089:Gogges 11967:Metaxa 11919:Diples 11904:Lagana 11848:Cretan 11742:Mangas 11674:Peplos 11658:Exomis 11650:Chiton 11546:Greeks 11372:Energy 11361:Grexit 11342:Brands 11202:Enosis 11140:Racism 10900:Police 10553:Rivers 10543:Coasts 10520:Plains 10505:Pindus 10487:Ionian 10483:Aegean 10447:Xanthi 10435:Thrace 10399:Achaea 10365:Lesbos 10361:Lemnos 10357:Ikaria 10339:Thasos 10335:Serres 10331:Pieria 10323:Kozani 10319:Kilkis 10315:Kavala 10261:Ithaca 10231:Epirus 10213:Rhodes 10209:Patmos 10177:Chalki 10119:Andros 10097:Chania 10079:Phocis 10071:Euboea 10063:Attica 10010:Cities 9885:Modern 9852:tribes 9581:Delian 9447:topics 9445:Greece 9382:Jersey 9324:Kosovo 9286:Turkey 9276:Sweden 9256:Serbia 9246:Russia 9231:Poland 9226:Norway 9206:Monaco 9176:Latvia 9144:Greece 9129:France 9104:Cyprus 8674:Aragon 8653:Amalfi 8638:Venice 8626:Second 8428:1904, 8387:online 8376:online 8352: 8331: 8308: 8287: 8257: 8236: 8215: 8189: 8168: 8145: 8124: 8098: 8077: 8054: 8033: 8001: 7982: 7961: 7938: 7903: 7882: 7861: 7840: 7809: 7788: 7767: 7757: 7712: 7685: 7662: 7641: 7622: 7587: 7566: 7534: 7515: 7507: 7481:Nature 7451: 7421: 7400: 7327: 7306: 7285: 7253: 7234: 7228:503823 7226: 7199:147199 7197: 7174: 7153: 6905: 6697: 6459: 6401: 6093: 6083: 5984: 5952: 5944: 5936: 5918:Nature 5838: 5780: 5752:Nature 5732: 5722: 5714: 5665: 5556:Lists: 5423:SYRIZA 5055:events 5017:Patras 4943:Allied 4888:(1938) 4851:, and 4777:Smyrna 4707:, and 4669:Epirus 4656:Kavala 4555:Aigina 4486:, and 4402:was a 4363:Cyprus 4307:, and 4251:, the 4247:, the 4210:, the 4200:Latins 4158:Amalfi 4118:, and 4108:Sicily 4104:Venice 4010:, and 4008:Thebes 4000:Athens 3984:Manuel 3982:, and 3936:Sicily 3924:themes 3889:, and 3754:, and 3706:Latium 3630:lore. 3624:Aeneas 3621:Trojan 3612:Aeneid 3609:, the 3603:Horace 3601:, and 3599:Virgil 3579:Patras 3543:, and 3490:. The 3469:Achaea 3465:Sparta 3459:Aegean 3423: 3421: 3413: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3396:Epirus 3394: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3320:Rhodes 3287:, and 3285:Thrace 3277:Levant 3271:, and 3249:Athens 3173:Greece 3149:Phocis 3126:Cyprus 3110:Thebes 3063:Ionian 3048:Sicily 3004:Delium 2988:sieges 2981:helots 2956:Delian 2945:Megara 2929:Sparta 2871:Sparta 2808:Thrace 2784:Athens 2760:Turkey 2720:poleis 2704:Sparta 2700:Athens 2692:poleis 2415:, and 2387:. The 2364:poleis 2324:Minoan 2272:Dodona 2213:tholoi 2174:Tiryns 2172:, and 2170:Thebes 2162:Athens 1991:) and 1863:, and 1810:Epirus 1796:, the 1782:Greece 1754:Epirus 1734:Africa 1685:Africa 1652:, and 1642:Sesklo 1638:Dimini 1630:, and 1612:Cyprus 1596:Levant 1580:Turkey 1402:) and 1300:Greece 1274:Greece 1130:Hockey 1081:Cinema 896:Titans 752:Aerico 690:People 598:Modern 565:tribes 524:on the 438:Church 125:Minoan 57:Greece 48:on the 33:, see 13223:Motto 13218:Flags 13122:Sport 13077:Nymph 13067:Satyr 13039:Jason 13005:Mormo 13000:Lamia 12980:Islam 12942:Gello 12830:Zilia 12766:Gaida 12730:Aulos 12712:Laïko 12633:Trata 12496:Music 12453:Media 12077:Dakos 11923:Halva 11686:Vraka 11646:Dress 11603:Women 11411:Ports 10915:Crime 10642:birds 10548:Lakes 10535:Water 10491:Crete 10469:Caves 10439:Evros 10369:Samos 10353:Chios 10327:Pella 10295:Drama 10257:Corfu 10221:Tilos 10201:Leros 10189:Kasos 10159:Tinos 10155:Syros 10147:Paros 10143:Naxos 10135:Milos 10123:Delos 10093:Crete 9959:Polis 9944:Kings 9357:Åland 9271:Spain 9196:Malta 9166:Italy 8643:Genoa 8621:First 7936:S2CID 7838:S2CID 7700:. 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