3779:
3245:
protested the new rationing of food, Germany and the UK, where the citizens supported war efforts were more supportive of the rationing therefore it was more effective. Cases, where a country was being occupied, caused the citizens to be more hesitant about the rationing of food and it was overall not as effective. In
December, 1941 it was recognized by the Generalgouvernement that starving the Jewish people to death was an inexpensive and expedient solution. In August 1942, the required food shipments from the General Government to the Reich were increased and decided that the 1.2 million Jews that were not completing jobs that were "important to Germany" would no longer be given food. The Nazis knew the effects of depriving the Jewish people of food, yet it continued; the ultimate revolt against the Jewish race was mass murder due to starvation. The Food and Agriculture Ministry administered the rations of food in concentration camps. Each camp's administration got food from the open market and depots of the
3814:
1103:
1769:
3224:
by the
Generalgouvernement from 1939 to 1940. For example, in 1939, seven million tons of coal were used but in 1940 this was reduced to four million tons of coal used by the Generalgouvernement. This shift was emblematic of the shortages in supplies, depriving the Jews and Poles of their only heating source. Although before the war, Poland exported mass quantities of food, in 1940 the Generalgouvernement was unable to supply enough food for the country, nonetheless exporting food supplies. In December 1939, the Polish and Jewish reception committees, as well as the native local officials, all within the Generalgouvernement, were responsible for providing food and shelter to the Poles and Jews that evacuated. In the expulsion process, the help provided to the evacuated Poles and Jews by the Generalgouvernement was considered a weak branch of the overall process. Throughout 1939, the
1646:
3865:
3708:
858:
3834:
1357:
3752:
3724:
2585:
466:
423:
3262:
remain in these ghettos they would eventually die of hunger. Many people that were in ghettos made trades with the outside world in order to stay alive. Jewish people were forced to reside in ghettos, where the economy was isolated and there were large food shortages, which caused them to be seen as a source for cheap labor; many were given food that was purchased on the Aryan side of the wall in exchange for their labor. The isolation of the people forced into ghettos caused there to be a disconnect between the buyer and seller, which added in another player: the black market middleman. The black market middleman would make a profit by creating connections between sellers and buyers. While supply and demand was
3736:
96:
3881:
3406:
1238:
405:
82:
2430:
3846:
452:
2238:
3799:
5935:
113:
923:
2222:
3897:
2573:
3192:
3524:
1111:
3280:
3249:(Standartenführer Tschentscher). Once the food arrived at a camp, it was up to the administration how to distribute it. The diet for the Jews in these camps was "watery turnip soup drunk from pots; it was supplemented by an evening meal of sawdust bread with some margarine, ‘smelly marmalade,’ or ‘putrid sausage.’ Between the two meals inmates attempted to lap a few drops of polluted water from the faucet in a wash barracks."
1146:." By 1942 Hitler and Frank had agreed that the Kraków ("with its purely German capital") and Lublin districts would be the first areas for German colonists to re-populate. Hitler stated: "When these two weak points have been strengthened, it should be possible to slowly drive back the Poles." Peculiar about these statements is the circumstance that there were not enough German settlers to even make the
3358:
1727:
from Soviet-controlled territories. These committees also undertook cultural and economic activities that had been banned by the previous Polish government. Schools, choirs, reading societies and theaters were opened, and twenty
Ukrainian churches that had been closed by the Polish government reopened. By March 1941, there were 808 Ukrainian educational societies with 46,000 members.
3563:". From his own point of view, as an administrative official, the problems in his district included an overdeveloped black market. He endorsed a remedy in solving the "Jewish question" as fast as possible. An additional point in favor of setting up the extermination facilities in his governorate was that there were no transportation problems there, since all assets of the disbanded
2997:, who for financial reasons wanted to see the five existing districts (Warsaw, Kraków, Radom, Lublin, and Galicia) reduced to three. In March 1943 he announced the merger of the Kraków and Galicia districts, and the split of the Warsaw district between the Radom district and the Lublin district. (The latter acquired a special status of "Germandom district",
2569:). Following a decree on September 15, 1941, the names of most of the major cities (and their respective counties) were renamed based on historical German data or given germanified versions of their Polish and Soviet names if none existed. At times the previous names remained the same as well (i.e. Radom). The districts and counties were as follows:
3236:; setting prices at a reasonable rate would ensure that farmers did not sell their crops illegally. If the prices were set too high in cities there was a concern that workers would not be able to afford the food and protest the prices. Due to the price inflation which was occurring in the Generalgouvernement, many places relied on the
1163:
The Führer must emphasize once again that for Poles there is only one master and he is a German, there can be no two masters beside each other and there is no consent to such, hence all representatives of the Polish intelligentsia are to be killed ... The
General Government is a Polish reservation, a great Polish labor camp. —
3229:
were now responsible for these deportees. During the deportations, people were forced to reside on the trains for days until a place was found for them to stay. Between the cold and lack of food, masses of deportees died due to transport deaths caused by malnutrition, cold, and moreover unlivable transportation conditions.
3036:
were resettled into the
General Government after they were expelled from the territories 'annexed' by Nazi Germany. Offsetting this was the German genocidal campaign of liquidation of the Polish intelligentsia and other elements considered likely to resist. From 1941 disease and hunger also began to reduce the population.
3778:
3223:
While scholars debate whether from
September 1939 to June 1941 the mass-starvation of the Jewish people of Europe was an attempt to conduct mass murder, it is agreed upon that this starvation did kill a large amount of this population. There was a shift in the amount of resources that were being used
3035:
The
General Government was inhabited by 11.4 million people in December 1939. A year later the population increased to 12.1 million. In December 1940, 83.3% of the population were Poles, 11.2% Jews, 4.4% Ukrainians and Belarusians, 0.9% Germans, and 0.2% others. About 860,000 Poles and Jews
1779:
Other than summary German military tribunals, no courts operated in Poland between the German invasion and early 1940. At that time, the Polish court system was reinstated and made decisions in cases not concerning German interests, for which a parallel German court-system was established. The German
1051:
Overall, 4 million of the 1939 population of the
General Government area had lost their lives by the time the Soviet armed forces entered the area in late 1944. If the Polish underground killed a German, 50–100 Poles were executed by German police as a punishment and as a warning to other Poles.
910:
signed on 23 August 1939 had promised the vast territory between the
Vistula and Bug rivers to the Soviet "sphere of influence" in divided Poland, while the two powers would have jointly ruled Warsaw. To settle the deviation from the original agreement, the German and Soviet representatives met again
3228:
was responsible for many of the other important tasks including the deportations of Poles and Jews to concentration camps as well as the delivery of food and raw materials to different places. In
December 1940, 87,833 Poles and Jews were deported which added stress to different administrations which
1162:
The General Government is our work force reservoir for lowgrade work (brick plants, road building, etc.) ... Unconditionally, attention should be paid to the fact that there can be no "Polish masters"; where there are Polish masters, and I do not care how hard this sounds, they must be killed. (...)
3164:
After the invasion of Poland in 1939, Jews over the age of 12 and Poles over the age of 14 living in the General Government were subject to forced labor. Many Poles from other regions of Poland conquered by Germany were expelled to the General Government and the area was used as a slave labour pool
1654:
No government protectorate is anticipated for Poland, but a complete German administration. (...) Leadership layer of the population in Poland should be as far as possible, disposed of. The other lower layers of the population will receive no special schools, but are to be oppressed in some form. —
1249:
large parts of western pre-war Poland (8 October 1939) before the establishment of the General Government (26 October 1939), and the remaining region was also intended to be directly incorporated into the German Reich at some future date. The Nazi leadership discussed numerous initiatives with this
3261:
was important both in and outside of the ghettos from 1940 to 1944. Outside of the ghettos, the black market existed because rations were not high enough for the citizens to remain healthy. In the ghettos of eastern Europe in August 1941 the Jewish population recognized that if they were forced to
1726:
and Poles off against each other. Within ethnic Ukrainian areas annexed by Germany, beginning in October 1939, Ukrainian Committees were established with the purpose of representing the Ukrainian community to the German authorities and assisting the approximately 30,000 Ukrainian refugees who fled
1279:
of Reichsgau Wartheland argued that the counties of Tomaschow Mazowiecki and Petrikau should be transferred from the General Government's Radom district to his Gau. Hitler agreed, but since Frank refused to surrender the counties, the resolution of the border question was postponed until after the
3445:
promises of help. However Soviet help was never forthcoming, despite the Soviet army being only 18 miles (30 km) away, and Soviet denial of their airbases to British and American planes prevented any effective resupply or air support of the insurgents by the Western allies. They used distant
3244:
insisted that ‘everyone must assume their share of common hardship.’" There was clearly food instability not only in the ghettos, but also in cities, which caused everyone to be conscious about food rationing, and caused conditions for Jewish people to worsen. While workers in Norway and France
3039:
Poles were also deported in large numbers to work as forced labor in Germany: eventually about a million were deported, of whom many died in Germany. In 1940 the population was segregated into different groups. Each group had different rights, food rations, allowed strips in the cities, public
1704:
for security reasons. The official state language was German, although Polish continued in use by local government. Useful institutions of the old Polish state were retained for ease of administration. The Polish police, with no high-ranking Polish officers (they were arrested or demoted), was
2025:
German administration constructed a terror system to control Polish people enforcing reports of any illegal activities, e.g. hiding Roma, POWs, guerilla fighters, Jews. Germans designated hostages, terrorised local leaders, applied collective responsibility. German police used
591:
The basis for the formation of the General Government was the "Annexation Decree on the Administration of the Occupied Polish Territories". Announced by Hitler on October 8, 1939, it claimed that the Polish government had totally collapsed. This rationale was utilized by the
3212:, their dwelling and businesses were confiscated by the Germans, small businesses were sometimes passed to the Poles. Farmers were required to provide large food contingents for the Germans, and there were plans for nationalization of all but the smallest estates.
1337:, arguing that only this method could guarantee the territory's Germanization, while also claiming that Germany could economically exploit the area more effectively, particularly as a source of food. He suggested separating the "more restful" population of the
3610:
would be a major step in the systematic liquidation of the Jews in occupied Europe, beginning with those in the General Government. Within months, three top-secret camps were built and equipped with stationary gas chambers disguised as shower rooms, based on
3199:
Former Polish state property was confiscated by the General Government (or by Nazi Germany in the annexed territories). Notable property of Polish individuals (ex. factories and large land estates) was often confiscated as well and managed by German "trusts"
1673:. The territories it administered were never either in whole or part intended as any future Polish state within a German-dominated Europe. According to the Nazi government the Polish state had effectively ceased to exist, in spite of the existence of a
2440:
Germans killed thousands of Poles, many of them civilian hostages, in Warsaw streets and locations around Warsaw (Warsaw ring), to terrorize the population – they shot or hanged them. The executions were ordered mainly by Austrian Nazi
1020:
that could serve as a bargaining chip with the Western powers. The Germans established a closed border between the two German zones to heighten the difficulty of cross-frontier communication between the different segments of the Polish population.
1064:. During his trial he resumed his childhood practice of Catholicism and expressed repentance. Frank surrendered forty volumes of his diaries to the Tribunal; much evidence against him and others was gathered from them. He was found guilty of
4733:
3751:
3845:
1621:
was the Deputy General-Governor. After his departure, Bühler served as Frank's deputy through January 1945. Several other individuals had powers to issue legislative decrees in addition to the General-Governor, most notably the Higher
1036:(General Government) by Frank's decree of July 31, 1940. However, this name did not imply anything about the actual nature of the administration. The German authorities never regarded these Polish lands (apart from the short period of
1748:
Ukrainian organizations within the General Government were able to negotiate the release of 85,000 Ukrainian prisoners of war from the German-Polish conflict (although they were unable to help Soviet POWs of Ukrainian ethnicity).
5995:
2336:(The German Weekly Review) preceded feature-film showings. Some feature films likewise contained Nazi propaganda. The Polish underground discouraged Poles from attending movies, advising them, in the words of the rhymed couplet,
3864:
3432:
In July 1944, as the Soviet armed forces approached Warsaw, the government in exile called for an uprising in the city, so that they could return to a liberated Warsaw and try to prevent a Communist take-over. The AK, led by
6593:
3813:
698:
The administration of the General Government was composed entirely of German officials, with the intent that the area was to be colonized by Germanic settlers who would reduce the local Polish population to the level of
7159:
4941:
1715:. The Polish educational system was similarly retained, but most higher institutions were closed. The Polish local administration was kept, subordinated to new German bosses. The Polish fiscal system, including the
3180:) were destroyed during the Polish-German war in September 1939. Poles weren't able to buy any construction materials to reconstruct their houses or businesses. They lost their savings and GG currency, nicknamed "
6598:
6623:
5988:
3735:
3707:
1745:. It was "the leading legal newspaper" of the General Government and "attracted more (and better) contributors among whom were the most prominent Ukrainian cultural figures of the (early) 20th century."
1730:
A Ukrainian publishing house and periodical press was set up in Cracow, which – despite having to struggle with German censors and paper shortages – succeeded in publishing school textbooks, classics of
6628:
6608:
919:, which had originally fallen within the ambit of Germany. With the new agreement the entire central part of Poland, including the core ethnic area of the Poles, came under exclusively German control.
4722:
1382:(governor of Warsaw from 1939 to 1945) opposed the proposed administrative streamlining resulting from these discussions. Fischer prepared his own project in his Main Office for Spatial Ordering (
5981:
6633:
2300:
2558:. The new German administrative units were much larger than those organized by the Polish government, reflecting the German lack of sufficient administrative personnel to staff smaller units.
9561:
1891:. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, this latter role was obscured both by the lack of court evidence and by deliberate obfuscation, while most of the focus was on the better-known
6711:
6588:
1229:
to have a German population of 20% to 25% by the beginning of 1944, and of 30% to 40% by the following year, at which time Lublin was to be declared a German city and given a German mayor.
1106:
Map of Generalgouvernement (yellow) in comparison to Second Polish Republic (dark grey), today's borders (white), 1918 German-Polish border (black), and areas annexed by Nazi Germany (blue)
6618:
5186:
7542:
912:
3165:
from which men and women taken by force to work as laborers in factories and farms in Germany. In 1942, all non-Germans living in the General Government were subject to forced labor.
2279:
1006:, borderland) as a frontier post of German rule in the east. A Führer's decree of October 12, 1939 established the General Government; the decree came into force on October 26, 1939.
3395:
or AL) parallel to the PPR, organized and controlled by the Soviet Union. The AK was estimated between 200,000 and 600,000 men, while the AL was estimated between 14,000 and 60,000.
7853:
4253:
2499:
3454:. The 15,000 remaining Home Army soldiers were granted POW status (prior to the agreement, captured rebels were shot), and the remaining civilian population of 180,000 expelled.
1187:
4945:
7119:
6938:
6843:
1245:
Nazi planners never definitively resolved the question of the exact territorial reorganization of the Polish provinces in the event of German victory in the east. Germany had
1225:
City), both names were not implemented. Most of the Polish population was expelled by the Nazi occupation authorities with documented brutality. Himmler intended the city of
9418:
8662:
7282:
3975:
4074:
2307:
1828:
4782:
4060:"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945
3011:), with Warsaw under the direct control of the General Government. This decree was to go into effect on 1 April 1943 and was nominally accepted by Heinrich Himmler, but
713:
had no intention of sharing power with the locals throughout the war, regardless of their ethnicity and political orientation. The authorities rarely mentioned the name
3833:
2407:
Poles were not allowed to use radio sets. Any set was to be handed over to local administration by 25 January 1940. Ethnic Germans were obliged to register their sets.
9019:
4385:
5619:
7134:
5136:
1201:
area for further Germanization on account of its fertile black soil, and German colonial settlements were planned. Zamość was initially renamed by the government to
2272:
1186:, and the Germanisation of 4 to 5 million; although deportation in reality meant many Poles were to be put to death, a small number would be "Germanized", and
9486:
9054:
9009:
6969:
6546:
6407:
6397:
6362:
4132:
3880:
1182:
German bureaucrats drew up various plans regarding the future of the original population. One called for the deportation of about 20 million Poles to western
4224:
9049:
9044:
9029:
5111:
9536:
9034:
6701:
9039:
9014:
8772:
7846:
7004:
6387:
1260:
which would encompass several southern sections of the Polish territories conquered in 1939 (around 18,000 km), stretching from the area to the west of
5003:
3851:
9272:
6392:
6382:
9531:
6372:
6367:
5663:
3928:
2286:
30:
This article is about the German administration of occupied Poland during World War II. For the German administration of Belgium during World War I, see
8983:
1655:
Excerpt from the minutes of the first conference of Heads of the main police officers and commanders of operational groups led by Heydrich's deputy, SS-
1114:
Orange and yellow areas of former Austrian part after Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Union in 1795 roughly correspond with Generalgouvernement
5871:
2293:
1426:-province to provide a German "admixture" (i.e. colonial settlement). Further territorial planning carried out by this Warsaw-based organization under
7323:
7275:
7078:
6357:
6236:
1037:
565:
5824:
5091:
792:", which is a type of a territory that is administered centrally. In the French and Dutch original, the 'General' in the name is a reference to the
7839:
7413:
7221:
6873:
5897:
2314:
445:
8978:
3798:
3027:
were also skeptic about the usefulness of this reorganization, resulting in its abolition after subsequent discussions between Himmler and Frank.
5692:
5048:
3723:
1768:
5182:
4296:
3623:(the deadliest of them all) had transferable SS staff and almost identical design. The General Government was the location of four of the seven
3991:, or the Main Trustee Office for the East, a Nazi German predatory institution responsible for liquidating Polish and Jewish businesses across
3943:
1888:
1645:
1102:
627:. Until 1945, the General Government comprised much of central, southern, and southeastern Poland within its prewar borders (and of modern-day
8988:
5552:
Sinnreich, Helene Julia (May 2004). "The Supply and Distribution of Food to the Łódź Ghetto- A Case Study in Nazi Jewish Policy, 1939 -1945".
5329:
Sinnreich, Helene Julia (May 2004). "The Supply and Distribution of Food to the Łódź Ghetto- A Case Study in Nazi Jewish Policy, 1939 -1945".
4970:
4615:(Yuri Boshyk, Roman Waschuk, Andriy Wynnyckyj, Eds.). Edmonton: University of Alberta, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press pp. 73-74
9315:
8993:
6745:
6246:
3692:
4916:
9451:
9068:
7268:
7216:
5030:
2343:
In occupied Poland, there was no Polish film industry. However, a few Poles collaborated with the Germans in making films such as the 1941
1994:
5431:
Rutherford, Phillip (2003). ""Absolute Organizational Deficiency": The 1.Nahplan of December 1939 (Logistics, Limitations, and Lessons)".
5380:
Rutherford, Phillip (2003). ""Absolute Organizational Deficiency": The 1.Nahplan of December 1939 (Logistics, Limitations, and Lessons)".
4237:
9526:
9300:
4034:
3159:
1150:"as German as the Rhineland". According to notes from Martin Bormann German policy envisaged reducing lower-class Poles to the status of
5799:
5068:
4895:
3113:
Germans from outside, passive Germans and members of families (this group also included some ethnic Poles), Volksliste category 3 and 4,
9556:
9496:
8657:
3938:
3341:
3266:
in these ghettos, the selling of this food on the blackmarket was extremely competitive, and beyond the reach of most Jews in ghettos.
3232:
The prices for food outside of ghettos and concentration camps had to be set at a reasonable price in order for them to align with the
1350:
955:
95:
619:), the area of the General Government was enlarged by the inclusion of the Polish regions previously annexed to the USSR. Within days
9546:
9456:
9024:
8765:
6768:
7507:
4152:
Ewelina Żebrowaka-Żolinas Polityka eksterminacyjna okupanta hitlerowskiego na Zamojszczyźnie Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 17, 213-229
1154:, while deporting or otherwise eliminating the middle and upper classes and eventually replacing them with German colonists of the "
9491:
9265:
7659:
7245:
6780:
6014:
5715:"25 września. Wcielenie kolei polskich na Śląsku, w Wielkopolsce i na Pomorzu do niemieckich kolei państwowych Deutsche Reichsbahn"
5161:
4455:
3209:
9551:
9390:
8687:
7445:
7009:
6989:
6913:
6613:
4058:
3486:
Germans plundered Polish museums. Many of the pieces of art perished. Germans burned a number of Warsaw libraries, including the
3463:
2014:
The Germans used pre-war Polish prisons and organised new ones, like in Jan Chrystian Schuch Avenue police quarter in Warsaw and
328:
6730:
9541:
8719:
6984:
6979:
6858:
6688:
4759:
3858:, stolen at the behest of Hans Frank in 1939 and never returned; one of over 40,000 works of art robbed from Polish collections
3788:
prison hanged by Germans in Leszno Street, Warsaw, February 11, 1944 (photo taken secretly from tram by a member of the Polish
1130:
had made the decision to "turn this region into a purely German area within 15–20 years". He explained: "Where 12 million
8612:
6706:
5292:
1016:
of the General Government. German authorities made a sharp contrast between the new Reich territory and a supposedly occupied
9123:
8617:
6735:
6725:
6603:
5770:
4356:
Rich, Norman (1974). Hitler's War Aims: the Establishment of the New Order, p. 99. W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York.
3948:
3663:
instituted a reign of terror against the civilian population and became directly involved in the mass murder of Jews. At the
3648:
2038:
Through the occupation Germany diverted a significant number of its military forces to keep control over Polish territories.
4367:
4203:
3425:, April 19 to May. 16 That was the first armed uprising against the Germans in Poland, and prefigured the larger and longer
1345:
for a long period of time it was deemed more racially acceptable) from the rest of the Poles, and cordoning off the city of
1052:
Most of the Jews, perhaps as many as two million, had also been rounded up and murdered. Germans destroyed Warsaw after the
9320:
8803:
8758:
7406:
6933:
6823:
6773:
5944:
5615:
1649:
Announcement of the execution of 60 Polish hostages and a list of 40 new hostages taken by Nazi authorities in Poland, 1943
1246:
561:
7019:
5132:
4345:
3409:
German announcement of the execution of 9 Polish peasants for unfurnished contingents (quotas). Signed by the governor of
1807:
on July 31, 1940, for any Polish officers who did not register immediately with the German administration (to be taken to
9258:
7045:
6868:
6483:
3502:
3301:
1333:
tried to advance a project to dissolve the General Government altogether and to partition its territory into a number of
81:
7818:
7567:
4881:
Czesław Madajczyk. Polityka III Rzeszy w okupowanej Polsce p.242 volume 1, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 1970
4116:
1719:
currency, remained in use but with revenues going to the German state. A new bank was created; it issued new banknotes.
1575:). For the entire period of the General Government's existence there was only one General-Governor: Dr. Hans Frank. The
9441:
8798:
7497:
5211:
4639:
1048:. The Nazis considered the Polish state to have effectively ceased to exist with its defeat in the September campaign.
857:
581:
17:
6551:
6402:
5107:
4572:
Gyidel, Ernest (2019). "The Ukrainian Legal Press of the General Government: The Case of Krakivski Visti, 1940-1944".
1974:
The former Polish policemen, with no high-ranking Polish officers (who were arrested or demoted), were drafted to the
9511:
7014:
6740:
5911:
5832:
5511:
5486:
4379:
4324:
4247:
4197:
4126:
3327:
1546:
410:
8859:
7206:
5208:"Poniemiecka parowozownia na sprzedaż. Jednak jeszcze nie teraz :: Radom24.pl :: Portal Radomia i regionu"
4611:
Myroslav Yurkevich. (1986). Galician Ukrainians in German Military Formations and in the German Administration. In:
3309:
9516:
9501:
8349:
6923:
6037:
5861:
4551:
3215:
German administration implemented a system of exploitation of Jewish and Polish people, which included high taxes.
1338:
112:
6719:
5973:
3346:
Resistance to the German occupation began almost at once, although there is little terrain in Poland suitable for
9521:
9403:
7399:
6928:
6898:
4996:
4192:] (in Polish). Polsko-Rosyjska Grupa do Spraw Trudnych, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych. p. 378.
1311:, Frank himself expressed his intention to turn the district under his control into a German province called the
1056:. As the Soviets advanced through Poland in late 1944 the General Government collapsed. American troops captured
545:
7597:
6220:
2584:
9506:
9376:
8731:
8707:
7502:
7083:
6908:
6853:
6185:
5764:
5599:
5536:
5361:
5245:
4861:
4832:
4776:
4427:
4068:
3651:", chiefly millions of Jews from Poland and other countries, was carried out by gassing between 1942 and 1944.
3305:
31:
8854:
5659:
611:
The General Government was run by Germany as a separate administrative unit for logistical purposes. When the
101:
9398:
9208:
6964:
6959:
6580:
6468:
6279:
3913:
1458:
1449:
In this context Zvanetti's study proposed a re-ordering of the "Eastern Gaue" into three geopolitical blocs:
967:
943:
830:
826:
7727:
7450:
6541:
2375:
in an anti-Polish propaganda undertaking, with punishments ranging from official reprimand to imprisonment.
1356:
8864:
7477:
7129:
7124:
7114:
7024:
6833:
6828:
6803:
6696:
4629:
3569:
3467:
3257:
During this environment of food scarcity Jews turned to the black market for any source of sustenance. The
1802:
808:
39:
8849:
5884:
Collections of civilian testimonies from Nazi-occupied Poland in testimony database "Chronicles of Terror"
5688:
3896:
958:
of the occupied Polish territory in the western half of the German zone, in order to increase the Reich's
751:, a name that is usually translated as "General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories". Governor
9481:
9433:
8699:
7577:
7532:
7522:
7512:
7455:
7088:
6999:
6299:
5821:
5088:
4118:
Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis
3632:
3506:
907:
8444:
7946:
7562:
5917:
5899:
Macht Arbeit Frei?: German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939-1943
5856:
Macht Arbeit Frei?: German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939-1943
5718:
3024:
2396:
1947:
who lived in Poland before the attack and joined the invading force thereafter. However, after the 1941
1632:
9345:
9287:
9228:
9169:
8823:
8727:
8667:
8250:
7813:
7527:
7472:
7353:
7098:
7093:
6818:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6422:
6332:
4371:
3636:
3487:
3381:
1989:
in the General Government, formally assigned to the head of the civil administration. The existence of
1968:
1674:
5045:
3007:.) The restructuring further involved the changing of Warsaw and Kraków into separate city-districts (
1998:
1783:
New laws were passed, discriminating against ethnic Poles and, in particular, the Jews. In 1941 a new
9330:
9118:
8703:
8394:
8339:
7808:
7537:
7517:
7467:
7373:
7328:
7029:
6715:
4293:
3640:
3564:
3450:
instead. After 63 days of fighting the leaders of the rising agreed a conditional surrender with the
3405:
3389:
3040:
transportation and restricted restaurants. They were divided from the most privileged, to the least.
2005:
1898:
1753:
1284:
983:
585:
5934:
4809:
4682:
4598:
4101:
3434:
1887:
focused on traditional security roles as an occupying force. Some of them were directly involved in
9445:
9149:
8711:
7592:
7489:
7428:
7378:
7363:
7343:
7333:
7318:
7313:
6813:
6240:
6150:
6135:
4974:
3933:
3290:
2541:
2332:
1884:
1407:
793:
8541:
5714:
9159:
9088:
8813:
8647:
7772:
7368:
7358:
7348:
7338:
7291:
6918:
6863:
6838:
4920:
4625:
3987:
3672:
3518:
3294:
2549:
2368:
1069:
939:
880:
718:
676:
604:
of interwar Poland—who, disregarding international law, were named the only rightful citizens of
5027:
3593:
2880:
994:, especially in the Warthegau. The remaining parts of the former Poland were to become a German
986:
of Germany. Draconian measures were introduced by both RKF and HTO, to facilitate the immediate
8869:
8419:
8334:
6569:
6170:
5903:
4997:"Kino i teatr pod okupacją. Polskie środowisko filmowe i teatralne w czasie II wojny światowej"
3757:
3442:
3422:
3240:(exchanging goods for other goods instead of money). "Introducing rationing in September 1940,
3233:
3185:
2483:
was the planned Nazi administrative quarter. German-only residential area was constructed near
2265:
1967:". A lot of those men did not know German and required translation by their native commanders.
1670:
1327:
1237:
935:
557:
343:
5249:
4031:
3350:. Several small army troops supported by volunteers fought till Spring 1940, e.g. under major
2892:
2429:
2001:
among numerous others, because Christian Poles were executed under the charge of aiding Jews.
1253:
The earliest such proposal (October/November 1939) called for the establishment of a separate
372:
87:
9408:
8828:
6750:
6312:
6284:
5756:
5557:
5334:
5064:
4891:
4585:
4336:"Man to man...", Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa, Warsaw 2011, p. 11. English version.
3505:. Only Germans were allowed to perform in sporting events. About 80 football clubs played in
2971:
2655:
2480:
2344:
1379:
7682:
5791:
5240:
Frank Uekötter, "The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany", 2006,
915:
of the pact the territory concerned was exchanged for the inclusion in the Soviet sphere of
8885:
8596:
8481:
8117:
8042:
7986:
7242:
7201:
7164:
6893:
6674:
6327:
6289:
6210:
6205:
6125:
4718:
3918:
3676:
3399:
2588:
Administrative map of the General Government, July 1941 – January 1944 following Barbarossa
2577:
2537:
2446:
2103:
1948:
1932:
1732:
1623:
1618:
1464:
1308:
971:
616:
593:
569:
271:
244:
192:
8723:
8561:
7582:
6307:
3388:, together with many volunteers. Other forces existed side-by-side, such as the communist
3351:
3169:
2639:
2490:
Germans constructed railroad line Łódź-Radom (partially in GG) and engine house in Radom.
2237:
1628:
8:
9423:
9295:
8935:
8895:
8344:
8167:
7706:
7607:
6974:
6501:
6412:
6317:
6105:
6090:
6080:
3575:
3474:
3225:
2902:
2553:
1737:
1596:
1191:
1045:
991:
888:
884:
777:
624:
573:
313:
8945:
7737:
7712:
7672:
5877:
5157:
4453:
4274:"Erlaß des Führers und Reichskanzlers über die Gliederung und Verwaltung der Ostgebiete"
3619:
under the guise of "resettlement" in spring of 1942. The three Reinhard camps including
3548:
2635:
2465:
2359:). In that film, casting for minor parts played by Jewish and Polish actors was done by
9164:
9133:
8920:
8220:
8157:
8087:
8077:
7996:
7677:
7461:
7437:
7061:
6658:
6377:
6322:
6130:
6070:
5456:
5448:
5413:
5405:
4797:
4543:
4089:
3624:
3607:
3601:
3543:
3177:
2504:
For administrative purposes the General Government was subdivided into four districts (
1859:
1073:
1041:
927:
922:
876:
654:
537:
517:
290:
178:
35:
9213:
8925:
8496:
8434:
7717:
7260:
6506:
4239:
War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, Identity, and German Occupation in World War I
2816:
1971:
was formed in Distrikt Galizien in 1941, many policemen deserted in 1943 joining UPA.
1427:
9188:
8890:
8566:
8293:
8258:
8210:
8052:
7991:
7169:
6195:
6120:
5907:
5760:
5749:
5595:
5532:
5507:
5482:
5460:
5417:
5397:
5357:
5241:
4828:
4772:
4690:
4635:
4508:"Man to man...", Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa, Warsaw 2011, English version
4423:
4375:
4320:
4243:
4193:
4122:
4064:
3556:
3347:
1902:
1682:
1272:
area, and Łódź (rather than Kraków) served as the capital of the General Government.
1003:
796:, the central assembly which was given an authority to directly rule the territory.
9413:
9098:
8915:
8910:
7916:
6075:
5641:
4942:"Eksploatacja wsi 1939-1945 - fotogaleria - Fotogaleria - Martyrologia Wsi Polskich"
4011:
3695:
was a governor of the Radom District. He was sentenced and hanged in Czechoslovakia.
3472:
All universities in GG were disbanded, many Kraków professors imprisoned during the
2788:
2433:
9350:
8955:
8905:
8695:
8516:
8374:
8162:
8152:
8127:
8011:
8001:
7976:
7926:
7767:
7639:
7602:
7587:
7237:
6115:
6085:
6003:
5440:
5389:
5296:
4573:
4005:
and war-profiteers if interested. The HTO was created and headed by Nazi potentate
3982:
3871:
3769:
3664:
3588:
3263:
2994:
2027:
1952:
1723:
1210:
1061:
1060:, who had governed the region, in May 1945; he became one of the defendants at the
1013:
688:
8354:
8324:
8102:
7931:
7762:
7697:
7667:
7649:
3765:
2221:
1241:
Official proclamation of the General-Government in Poland by Germany, October 1939
9371:
9366:
9223:
9154:
9103:
9083:
8844:
8651:
8581:
8511:
8449:
8439:
8379:
8314:
8182:
8092:
7981:
7966:
7951:
7911:
7777:
7629:
6903:
6521:
6511:
6140:
6029:
5828:
5264:(Poland during II World War). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. 2003. p.68.
5095:
5052:
5034:
4664:
4459:
4300:
4183:
4038:
4007:
3992:
3824:
3804:
3615:, solely to efficiently kill thousands of people each day. The Germans began the
3531:, marked with black and white skulls. General Government in beige. Death camp at
3528:
3426:
3201:
3003:
2975:
2955:
2761:
2669:
2442:
2415:
2410:
German authorities installed megaphones for propaganda purposes, called by Poles
2347:
2242:
2177:
2015:
1979:
1867:
1844:
1808:
1742:
1711:
1610:
1606:
1587:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1373:
1342:
1123:
1089:
1053:
911:
on September 28 to delineate a permanent border between the two countries. Under
837:
771:
730:
722:
717:
in legal correspondence. The only exception to this was the General Government's
666:
662:
628:
601:
529:
509:
501:
174:
167:
62:
9093:
8424:
8006:
7886:
7861:
7742:
6808:
5561:
5338:
4858:
Perpetrators and Perpetration of Mass Violence: Action, Motivations and Dynamics
4190:
Białe plamy–czarne plamy: sprawy trudne w polsko-rosyjskich stosunkach 1918–2008
3680:
3552:
1602:
1369:
568:
in the east. The territory was expanded substantially in 1941, after the German
256:
9113:
9108:
8940:
8808:
8715:
8637:
8591:
8506:
8404:
8365:
8288:
8147:
8132:
8107:
8047:
7936:
7921:
7901:
7891:
7752:
7644:
6943:
6878:
6516:
6337:
5684:
5444:
5393:
4319:, 5 April 1942. trans. Cameron, Norman; Stevens, R.H. (3rd ed.). Enigma Books.
4185:
White spots–black spots: difficult issues in Polish–Russian relations 1918–2008
3686:
3560:
3447:
3241:
3012:
2943:
2804:
2552:), was incorporated into the General Government and became its fifth district:
2484:
2008:
also existed, responsible for policing wooded areas in the General Government.
1964:
1893:
1435:
1431:
1361:
1330:
1276:
1166:
899:
where the German armies had halted their advance and linked up with the Soviet
834:
822:
814:
8329:
8137:
8097:
7702:
7572:
3354:, after which they ceased due to German executions of civilians as reprisals.
3106:
Germans from outside, active ethnic Germans, Volksliste category 1 and 2 (see
2864:
2850:
1326:
When Frank unsuccessfully attempted to resign his position on 24 August 1942,
1032:(General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories), then changed to the
9475:
9310:
9128:
8900:
8641:
8576:
8571:
8556:
8526:
8521:
8491:
8429:
8384:
8298:
8283:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8235:
8225:
8205:
8177:
8067:
8037:
7956:
7941:
7896:
7787:
7757:
7732:
7722:
7692:
7687:
7623:
7305:
6994:
6883:
6200:
6190:
6160:
6145:
6100:
5959:
5946:
5639:
5401:
4694:
4001:
3789:
3742:
3714:
3689:
was a governor of the Warsaw District. He was sentenced and hanged in Warsaw.
3628:
3438:
3418:
3131:
3107:
3020:
2545:
2372:
2371:
resistance movement; after the war, the Polish performers were sentenced for
1943:
1788:
1688:
The government seat of the General Government was located in Kraków (German:
1657:
1639:
1495:
1131:
987:
975:
931:
821:
during World War I. This district existed from 1914 to 1918 together with an
818:
692:
597:
459:
428:
8531:
5207:
4680:
9218:
8930:
8737:
8677:
8586:
8551:
8546:
8414:
8399:
8240:
8172:
8142:
8112:
8062:
8032:
8027:
7881:
7782:
7747:
7634:
6848:
6215:
6060:
6005:
5880:
NAZI occupied Poland, the CIH World War II Pages. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
5744:
4966:
4730:
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
4166:
3953:
3258:
2888:
2647:
2572:
2476:
1956:
1927:
1915:
1784:
1716:
1567:; changed on December 9, 1940 to the Government of the General Government,
1487:
1430:
Dr. Ernst Zvanetti in a May 1943 study to demarcate the eastern border of "
1390:) located in Warsaw. He suggested the establishment of the three provinces
1188:
young Poles of desirable qualities would be kidnapped and raised in Germany
1174:
1127:
951:
892:
891:. This area extended from the 1939 eastern border of Germany proper and of
620:
605:
553:
549:
541:
277:
132:
8072:
5883:
5592:
Polish Society Under German Occupation: The Generalgouvernement: 1939-1944
5529:
Polish Society Under German Occupation: The Generalgouvernement: 1939-1944
5354:
Polish Society Under German Occupation: The Generalgouvernement: 1939-1944
4854:: Reassessing the Role of Ordinary Poles as Perpetrators in the Holocaust"
2735:
1685:, as there were no Polish representatives above the local administration.
1503:
1360:
Hans Frank with district administrators in 1942 – from left: Ernst Kundt,
1269:
144:
8950:
8486:
8476:
8409:
8389:
8319:
8278:
8215:
8200:
8122:
8082:
7971:
7961:
7154:
6175:
6110:
5774:
4613:
Ukraine during World War II: history and its aftermath : a symposium
4577:
3923:
3385:
3384:
in London. It was formed mainly of the surviving remnants of the pre-War
3191:
3121:
2993:
A change in the administrative structure was desired by Finance Minister
2820:
2659:
1975:
1852:
1706:
1662:
1265:
1155:
789:
6888:
4547:
4531:
4169:
Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities and Cultural Differences
3181:
2739:
2715:
1439:
974:. The remaining three regions, the so-called areas of Zichenau, Eastern
8536:
8501:
8057:
7906:
7196:
6180:
6165:
6065:
5865:
5646:
Pro memoria: Warszawskie biblioteki naukowe w latach okupacji 1939-1945
5594:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 111–112.
5452:
5409:
5318:
Hitler's Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State
3660:
3523:
3498:
3195:
So-called "Góral"- 500 złoty banknote used in the territories of the GG
2951:
2808:
2800:
2461:
1791:
very common. The death penalty was introduced for, among other things:
1365:
1334:
1170:
1147:
1119:
1110:
1093:
1057:
1017:
1009:
959:
861:
752:
376:
216:
5089:
http://www.executedtoday.com/2009/02/11/1944-twenty-two-or-more-poles/
3745:
and Police 5.09.1942—Death penalty for Poles offering any help to Jews
3417:
In April 1943 the Germans began deporting the remaining Jews from the
3173:
3125:) – an attempt to split the Polish nation by using local collaborators
3044:
Distribution of food in General Government as of December, 1941
2872:
2727:
1735:, and the works of dissident Ukrainian writers from the Soviet Union.
979:
38:. For the German General Government of Warsaw during World War I, see
8793:
8230:
7803:
6262:
6095:
6055:
5648:. transl. Philip Earl Steele. Warsaw: Biblioteka Narodowa. p. 4.
4368:"Germany Turns Eastwards: A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich"
3668:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3532:
3451:
3369:
3362:
3246:
3155:
3142:
2939:
2931:
2868:
2731:
2651:
2054:
1821:
1198:
1143:
1126:
was planned. In March 1941 Hans Frank informed his subordinates that
1097:
1065:
963:
916:
896:
680:
612:
8818:
8780:
4849:
4687:
Yad Washem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance
3546:
on January 20, 1942, the State Secretary of the General Government,
3279:
3015:
opposed the move, as he simply wanted to see the region turned into
2876:
2751:
2711:
2692:
2627:
2532:
1910:
1741:
was headed by Frank until the end of World War II and had as editor
1261:
865:
755:, on Hitler's authority, shortened the name on 31 July 1940 to just
636:
152:
9233:
7211:
6155:
5046:
http://www.polska1918-89.pl/pdf/gadzinowki-i-szczekaczki.-,5383.pdf
4181:
3644:
3441:
on August 1 in response both to their government and to Soviet and
3135:
2967:
2947:
2935:
2884:
2792:
2623:
2351:
2327:
1817:
on July 11, 1942, for farmers who failed to provide requested crops
1521:
1268:
in the east. At this time Germany had not yet directly annexed the
900:
704:
658:
5579:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 581–582.
5531:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 102.
2387:
was formed in Warsaw together with a German controlled Polish one
2247:
2207:
Dienststelle der Pressechef der Regierung des Generalgouvernements
2176:
1,000,000 (A small percentage took part in the suppression of the
1411:
560:
was split into three zones: the General Government in its centre,
5356:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 92.
3887:
3855:
2743:
2643:
2561:
The five districts were further sub-divided into urban counties (
2500:
Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II
2360:
1874:
1533:
1473:
1399:
1320:
1304:
1256:
1183:
1135:
1077:
488:
182:
5874:, examined by his defense attorney, Dr. Alfred Seidl, 4/18/1946.
3870:
Polish hostages being blindfolded during preparations for their
2576:
Administrative map of the General Government, July 1940 (before
1780:
system was given priority in cases of overlapping jurisdiction.
745:
The full title of the regime in Germany until July 1940 was the
9305:
7421:
6643:
5849:
The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War
4420:
Model Nazi: Arthur Greiser and the Occupation of Western Poland
3785:
3410:
3237:
2959:
2842:
2812:
2775:
2723:
2631:
2610:
2518:
2511:
2364:
2245:
recruitment poster: "'Let's do farm work in Germany!' See your
2019:
1820:
on July 24, 1943, for not joining the forced labor battalions (
1795:
on October 31, 1939, for any acts against the German government
1701:
1678:
1551:
The General Government was administered by a General-Governor (
1443:
1346:
1300:
1226:
1222:
869:
843:
The General Government area was also known colloquially as the
684:
650:
632:
484:
5751:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps
5660:"Polsko-niemiecka historia piłki, czyli powrót do przeszłości"
2229:
Thousands of anti-Semitic posters were distributed in Warsaw.
1937:
district of German-annexed western part of Poland since 1939.
1774:"counteracting the acts of violence in the General Government"
5722:
5028:
http://www.historiaradia.neostrada.pl/Okupacja%201939-44.html
4114:
3976:
Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood
2963:
2846:
2796:
2747:
2719:
2525:
1757:
1756:
declared that the government of the General Government was a
1576:
1288:
695:) and others. Geographical locations were renamed in German.
7862:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
5616:"22 Precious Works of Art That Vanished During World War II"
3357:
2455:
1787:
was introduced, introducing many new crimes, and making the
1438:
landmass" proposed an eastern German border along the "line
2917:
1414:) by dividing the Radom and Lublin districts between them.
1194:
was abolished and all Polish cultural institutions closed.
1151:
700:
640:
4407:
Die okkupationspolitik Nazideutschlands in Polen 1939-1945
9562:
People from wartime administrations in Poland (1939–1947)
5183:"Niemieckie osiedle mieszkaniowe koło Parku Krakowskiego"
4450:
Diensttagebuch Hans Frank: 16.12.1941 - Regierungssitzung
3972:
Reichskommissar für die Festigung des deutschen Volkstums
1083:
782:. A more accurate English translation of the French term
536:), was a German zone of occupation established after the
9419:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
4856:. In Williams, Timothy; Buckley-Zistel, Susanne (eds.).
4167:
Keith Bullivant; Geoffrey J. Giles; Walter Pape (1999).
3001:, as a "test run" of the Germanization according to the
2471:
The capital of GG Kraków was reconstructed according to
1993:
constituted a grave danger for the non-Jewish Poles who
1677:. The General Government had the character of a type of
1028:
Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete
864:, head of the General Government, at a police parade in
748:
Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete
534:
Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete
56:
Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete
9280:
7290:
5691:. Dan Rogers (translator). University of Pennsylvania.
4624:
3996:
3820:
3761:
1921:
1839:
The police in the General Government was divided into:
1814:
on November 10, 1941, for giving any assistance to Jews
1772:
Part of Hans Frank's ordinance from 31 October 1939 on
3683:, were executed in Nuremberg and Poland, respectively.
3627:
of World War II in which the most extreme measures of
2046:
and police formations stationed in General government
4681:
The Erwin and Riva Baker Memorial Collection (2001).
2383:
All Polish theaters were disbanded. A German theater
903:
in accordance with their secret pact against Poland.
2030:
to find and kill rescuers of the Germans' quarries.
1134:
now live, is to be populated by 4 to 5 million
1024:
The official name chosen for the new entity was the
596:
to reassign the identity of all Polish nationals as
5506:. London, UK: The Penguin Press. pp. 277–279.
3929:
German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
2475:by Hubert Ritter. Hans Frank rebuild his residence
2464:. The governmental quarter was situated around the
2211:
Der Bevollmächtige des Generalgouverneurs in Berlin
1955:
who volunteered for special training, such as the "
962:. Germany organized most of these areas as two new
926:German-Soviet border drawn in the aftermath of the
774:, is 'General Governorate', cognate with the Dutch
580:roughly corresponded with the Austrian part of the
5748:
1586:The Office was headed by Chief of the Government (
526:General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region
51:General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region
6492:
1118:The conversion of Warsaw into a "model city" was
990:of the annexed territory, typically resulting in
9473:
8781:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
5835:IPN Katowice. Reprint. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
5712:
3995:; and selling them off for profit mainly to the
2199:Fachabteilung für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda
9487:German occupation of Poland during World War II
3839:Aerial view of the city of Warsaw, January 1945
1559:) aided by the Office of the General-Governor (
5677:
5481:. London, UK: The Penguin Press. p. 279.
4668:, Holmes & Meir: NY, NY, 1985, pp 100–106.
4448:NS-Archiv: Dokumente zum Nationalsozialismus.
4182:Adam D. Rotfeld; Anatolij W. Torkunow (2010).
3944:Postal communication in the General Government
1963:) deployed at all major killing sites of the "
1283:Upon hearing of the German plans to create a "
1080:. The sentence was carried out on October 16.
833:, a similar rump state formed out of the then-
615:forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 (
27:German-occupied zone in Poland in World War II
9537:States and territories disestablished in 1945
9266:
8766:
7847:
7407:
7276:
5989:
4676:
4674:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
3760:, April 1943: Jews being held at gunpoint by
3490:, destroying about 3.6 million volumes.
2258:
2033:
1798:on January 21, 1940, for economic speculation
9452:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
7059:
6260:
6035:
6027:
4757:
4732:. Penguin Books. pp. 51, 98, 109, 124.
4726:(PDF file, direct download 7.91 MB complete)
4618:
4409:, p. 31 (in German). Akademie-Verlag Berlin.
4056:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
3631:were carried out, including closely located
3583:("General Directorate of Eastern Railways",
3535:(lower left) in the neighbouring new German
2460:Warsaw was to be reconstructed according to
1690:
1434:" (i.e. the Greater German Reich) with the "
1384:
1341:(because this part of Poland had been under
1313:
1293:
1215:
1203:
1122:in 1940 and later, in similar ways like the
1026:
996:
950:Hitler decreed the direct annexation to the
844:
806:
800:
783:
765:
756:
746:
708:
670:
644:
54:
34:. For the national-accounting practice, see
7422:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
5504:Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe
5479:Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe
4994:
4713:
4711:
4315:Hitler, Adolf (2000). Bormann, Martin. ed.
4235:
3807:: Polish soldiers in action, August 1, 1944
3308:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3160:Forced labor in Germany during World War II
2986:1, added after 1941. 2, removed after 1941.
2493:
1323:) in a speech he gave on 16 December 1941.
775:
9532:States and territories established in 1939
9273:
9259:
8773:
8759:
7854:
7840:
7414:
7400:
7283:
7269:
5996:
5982:
5895:
5706:
5683:
5430:
5379:
4995:Januszewski, Bartosz (13 September 2017).
4761:Police Auxiliaries for Operation Reinhard
4671:
4634:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 349, 361.
4464:
4242:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
3939:Money transfers in the Generalgouvernement
3717:being built under the orders of Dr. Ludwig
3501:was an avid chess player, so he organized
3342:Polish resistance movement in World War II
2452:, from September 1943 until January 1944.
2216:
788:in this context is not 'government', but "
111:
5551:
5328:
4516:
4514:
4491:
4489:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4043:
3398:German repressions in 1942-43 caused the
3328:Learn how and when to remove this message
3208:). Jewish population was deported to the
2456:Urban planning and transportation network
2363:, who during the filming was shot in his
1232:
5293:"Treuhänder - Glossary - Virtual Shtetl"
5276:
4965:
4892:"Defining Enemy, Holocaust Encyclopedia"
4717:
4708:
4565:
4365:
4278:
3522:
3404:
3356:
3190:
2583:
2571:
2428:
2391:. There existed also one comedy theater
2236:
2220:
1767:
1644:
1355:
1236:
1109:
1101:
921:
856:
813:, a civil entity created in the invaded
631:), including the major Polish cities of
566:Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
9377:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
5796:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
5574:
5501:
5476:
4860:. London: Routledge. pp. 187–203.
4523:
4311:
4309:
3464:Education in Poland during World War II
2540:against the Soviets in June 1941, East
2436:Public execution memorial table, Warsaw
2232:
2102:2,000,000 (high number due to imminent
1897:("Operational groups") who reported to
14:
9474:
9360:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
8720:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
6651:
6476:
6272:
6048:
5814:
4847:
4571:
4511:
4499:, pp. 82-83. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
4486:
4175:
4155:
4115:Piotr Eberhardt, Jan Owsinski (2003).
1084:German intentions regarding the region
982:triangle, became attached to adjacent
623:was overrun and incorporated into the
9254:
8754:
7835:
7395:
7264:
5977:
5820:Mirosław Sikora (16 September 2009),
5589:
5526:
5472:
5470:
5375:
5373:
5351:
4751:
4739:from the original on October 19, 2013
4529:
4024:
3949:World War II evacuation and expulsion
2255:Germans wanted Poles to obey orders.
1978:and became subordinated to the local
1827:on October 2, 1943, for impeding the
1197:In 1943, the government selected the
805:also gave a nod to the once existing
5792:"Holocaust Encyclopedia: Hans Frank"
5755:. Indiana University Press. p.
5743:
5737:
5577:The Destruction of the European Jews
4825:Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus
4822:
4816:
4665:The Destruction of the European Jews
4452:(in German). Retrieved 12 May 2011.
4306:
3978:, an office in Nazi Germany held by
3970:The RKF (also RKFDV) stands for the
3617:elimination of the Jewish population
3503:General Government chess tournaments
3481:
3306:adding citations to reliable sources
3273:
3184:", was managed by German-controlled
2819:), Zamosch/Himmlerstadt/Pflugstadt (
2424:
1801:on February 20, 1940, for spreading
1579:structure in General Government was
562:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
9281:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
7292:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
5822:"Aktion Saybusch" na Żywiecczyźnie.
5640:various authors; Tomasz Balcerzak;
5009:from the original on 16 August 2022
4917:"Grabowski, Antisemitic propaganda"
4108:
3675:and was executed. His secretaries,
3168:Parts of Warsaw and several towns (
2402:
2225:Nazi anti-semitic propaganda poster
2197:The propaganda was directed by the
1516:(South-East Prussia) and including
1349:as the center of "criminality" and
764:An accurate English translation of
157:(4 November 1939 – 19 January 1945)
24:
9442:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
5889:
5467:
5370:
4771:. Enigma Books. pp. 331–348.
3966:
3368:The main resistance force was the
2192:
1909:Hans Frank, stationed in occupied
1763:
1617:). From October 1939 to May 1940,
1581:Arbeitsbereich Generalgouvernement
1573:Regierung des Generalgouvernements
1418:was to have a "Polish character",
1213:City), which was later changed to
25:
9573:
9557:1945 disestablishments in Ukraine
9497:World War II occupied territories
9124:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
6431:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
5833:Institute of National Remembrance
5689:"The Wannsee Conference Protocol"
5262:Polska podczas II wojny światowej
4631:The Origins of the Final Solution
4532:""Krakivs'ki visti": An Overview"
4346:Hitler's plans for Eastern Europe
3764:troops (from a report written by
2340:("Only swine go to the movies").
2011:A Bahnpolizei policed railroads.
1995:attempted to help ghettoised Jews
1547:General Government administration
1540:
1190:. In the General Government, all
415:Military Administration in Poland
9547:1945 disestablishments in Poland
9301:Population transfers (1944–1946)
8350:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
6919:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
5933:
5644:(2004). Tomasz Balcerzak (ed.).
5273:Madajczyk 1970, p.226, volume 2.
3985:. Meanwhile, the HTO stands for
3895:
3879:
3863:
3844:
3832:
3812:
3797:
3777:
3750:
3734:
3722:
3706:
3512:
3278:
2544:(part of Poland, annexed by the
868:during the German occupation of
707:. The Nazi German rulers of the
464:
450:
446:Provisional Government of Poland
421:
403:
94:
80:
9492:Nazi colonies in Eastern Europe
9404:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
9316:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
6899:Norway (Administrative Council)
5872:Testimony of Frank at Nuremberg
5802:from the original on 7 May 2016
5784:
5695:from the original on 2019-05-15
5666:from the original on 2018-05-25
5652:
5633:
5622:from the original on 2019-05-17
5608:
5583:
5568:
5545:
5520:
5495:
5424:
5345:
5322:
5310:
5285:
5267:
5254:
5234:
5225:
5214:from the original on 2019-05-15
5200:
5189:from the original on 2019-05-14
5175:
5164:from the original on 2019-05-14
5150:
5139:from the original on 2019-05-14
5125:
5114:from the original on 2019-05-15
5108:"Hans Frank przebudowuje Wawel"
5100:
5082:
5071:from the original on 2018-06-28
5057:
5039:
5021:
4988:
4959:
4934:
4909:
4898:from the original on 2018-05-24
4884:
4875:
4864:from the original on 2022-03-14
4841:
4785:from the original on 2023-03-17
4656:
4605:
4554:from the original on 2022-05-29
4502:
4442:
4433:
4412:
4399:
4388:from the original on 2023-03-17
4359:
4350:
4339:
4330:
4287:
4256:from the original on 2023-03-17
4206:from the original on 2023-03-17
4135:from the original on 2023-03-17
4077:from the original on 2023-03-17
4063:. JHU Press. pp. 236–246.
3493:
3252:
3128:Poles (partially exterminated),
3068:1,790 Cal (7,500 kJ)
3060:2,310 Cal (9,700 kJ)
3030:
2473:Generalbebauungsplan von Krakau
2399:in Cracow was used by Germans.
2338:"Tylko świnie / siedzą w kinie"
1985:Some 3,000 men served with the
1709:and became subordinated to the
1453:a western group comprising the
1351:underground resistance activity
1307:after the start (June 1941) of
9552:1939 establishments in Ukraine
9527:History of Ukraine (1918–1991)
8732:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
8708:36th Estonian Police Battalion
5896:Mędykowski, Witold W. (2018).
5777:– via Internet Archive.
4497:Himmler's Raumplanung im Osten
4267:
4236:Liulevicius, Vejas G. (2000).
4229:
4218:
4146:
3654:
3218:
2062:(includes German forces only)
1951:they included also the Soviet
1941:were made up of ethnic German
1669:The General Government had no
1626:of the General Government (SS-
928:Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland
831:Kingdom of Poland of 1916–1918
582:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
149:(12 October – 4 November 1939)
117:The General Government in 1942
32:General Governorate of Belgium
13:
1:
9542:1939 establishments in Poland
9399:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
9229:Human medical experimentation
6924:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
5854:Mędykowski, Witold Wojciech.
5841:
4317:Hitler's Table Talk 1941-1944
3914:Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
3886:A mass execution of Poles in
3819:Polish civilians murdered by
3741:Announcement by the Chief of
3729:The Warsaw Ghetto (1940-1943)
3269:
3084:654 Cal (2,740 kJ)
3076:930 Cal (3,900 kJ)
2950:), Lemberg-Land, Rawa-Ruska (
1863:(native German) composed of:
1855:(Polish under German control)
1803:sexually-transmitted diseases
1339:formerly Austrian territories
1142:must become as German as the
1072:. On October 1, 1946, he was
827:Military Government of Lublin
6697:Army Group Rear Area Command
6004:Administrative divisions in
5133:"Hitlerowskie wizje Krakowa"
4121:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 216.
4018:
3581:Generaldirektion der Ostbahn
3567:(PKP) were being managed by
3527:Nazi extermination camps in
3468:Secret Teaching Organization
3457:
3413:district on 25 November 1941
3149:
2040:
1275:In November 1940, Gauleiter
879:, all areas occupied by the
809:Generalgouvernement Warschau
770:, which is a borrowing from
600:, with the exception of the
570:Invasion of the Soviet Union
40:Government General of Warsaw
7:
9434:Righteous Among the Nations
9321:Ministry of Public Security
8700:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
7310:Related articles by country
7079:Belgium and Northern France
6702:Belgium and Northern France
4689:. Wallstein Verlag: 57–58.
4422:, Oxford University Press,
4405:Madajczyk, Czesław (1988).
3907:
3633:Majdanek concentration camp
3092:184 Cal (770 kJ)
2591:
2378:
2201:(FAVuP), since Spring 1941
1889:the pacification operations
1834:
1722:The Germans sought to play
1512:the eastern group with the
1422:a "Ukrainian" one, and the
10:
9578:
9346:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
8728:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
6581:Civil Administration Areas
6186:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
5902:. Jews of Poland. Boston:
5590:Gross, Jan Tomasz (1979).
5527:Gross, Jan Tomasz (1979).
5445:10.1163/156916103770866130
5394:10.1163/156916103770866130
5352:Gross, Jan Tomasz (1979).
4758:David Bankir, ed. (2006).
4418:Catherine Epstein (2012),
4372:Cambridge University Press
4366:Burleigh, Michael (1988).
3699:
3637:Sobibor extermination camp
3599:
3516:
3488:National Library of Poland
3461:
3382:Polish government in exile
3339:
3153:
2497:
2385:Theater der Stadt Warschau
2321:
2259:Polish language newspapers
2104:attack on Soviet positions
2034:Military occupation forces
1969:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1829:German Reconstruction Plan
1752:After the war, the Polish
1675:Polish government-in-exile
1565:Amt des Generalgouverneurs
1544:
1524:and the Lublin district),
1087:
852:
829:alongside the short-lived
29:
9432:
9389:
9359:
9338:
9329:
9286:
9250:
9201:
9181:
9142:
9119:Sobibor perpetrator album
9076:
9067:
9002:
8971:
8964:
8878:
8837:
8786:
8750:
8704:Estonian Auxiliary Police
8686:
8630:
8605:
8469:
8462:
8363:
8307:
8249:
8191:
8020:
7874:
7867:
7831:
7814:Human medical experiments
7796:
7658:
7616:
7555:
7488:
7436:
7427:
7391:
7387:
7298:
7230:
7189:
7182:
7147:
7107:
7071:
7058:
7038:
6952:
6796:
6789:
6761:
6687:
6667:
6642:
6579:
6568:
6534:
6467:
6451:North Brabant and Limburg
6446:South Holland and Zeeland
6441:North Holland and Utrecht
6436:Gelderland and Overijssel
6421:
6350:
6298:
6259:
6229:
6026:
6013:
5713:Jerzy Wasilewski (2014).
4536:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
4530:Himka, John-Paul (1998).
3902:The Warsaw Uprising, 1944
3872:mass execution in Palmiry
3667:, he was found guilty of
3641:Belzec extermination camp
3591:readily available to the
3141:Jews (eventually largely
3052:Daily food energy intake
2891:), Tomaschow Mazowiecki (
2301:Ilustrowany Kurier Polski
2203:Hauptabteilung Propaganda
2006:Forest Protection Service
1997:in the cities, as in the
1754:Supreme National Tribunal
1697:
1671:international recognition
1665:, Berlin 7 September 1939
1479:a central group with the
1177:, Berlin, 2 October 1940.
849:('Remainder of Poland').
586:Third Partition of Poland
521:
480:
382:
368:
364:
354:
339:
324:
310:
300:
287:
283:
266:
262:
250:
238:
234:
226:
222:
210:
206:
198:
188:
163:
139:
122:
110:
76:
71:
49:
9512:Jewish Ukrainian history
9367:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
8712:Latvian Auxiliary Police
8445:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
7947:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
6689:Military administrations
6221:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
5719:Polskie Koleje Państwowe
5433:Central European History
5382:Central European History
4971:"Polish National Cinema"
4719:Browning, Christopher R.
3959:
3934:Gestapo-NKVD Conferences
3025:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
2871:, Kielce-Land, Konskie (
2494:Administrative districts
2397:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
2367:apartment by the Polish
2333:Die Deutsche Wochenschau
1635:; from October 1943: SS-
1633:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
1386:Hauptamt für Raumordnung
1169:from the meeting of Dr.
799:The Nazi designation of
552:in 1939 at the onset of
514:Generalne Gubernatorstwo
329:Poland declared restored
9517:The Holocaust in Poland
9502:Ukraine in World War II
9457:Garden of the Righteous
9209:Identification in camps
9202:Technical and logistics
8648:Order Police battalions
5831:Regional branch of the
4848:Frydel, Tomasz (2018).
4823:Benz, Wolfgang (1997).
4626:Christopher R. Browning
4483:Madajczyk, pp. 102-103.
3988:Haupttreuhandstelle Ost
3852:Portrait of a Young Man
3673:crimes against humanity
3589:network of death trains
3519:The Holocaust in Poland
3507:four district divisions
3446:Italian bases in their
2942:, Kamionka-Strumilowa (
2550:Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
2395:and 14 small ones. The
2369:Union of Armed Struggle
2217:Anti-semitic propaganda
1999:Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto
1601:'government'),
1070:crimes against humanity
1038:military administration
940:Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
908:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
740:
719:Bank of Issue in Poland
9522:Poland in World War II
8870:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
8335:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
7060:
6790:Puppet administrations
6594:Carinthia and Carniola
6261:
6036:
6028:
6008:and German occupations
5904:Academic Studies Press
5575:Hilberg, Raul (2003).
5502:Mazower, Mark (2008).
5477:Mazower, Mark (2008).
5260:Włodzimierz Bonusiak.
4593:Cite journal requires
4495:Wasser, Bruno (1993).
3758:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
3539:
3435:Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
3423:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
3414:
3365:
3205:
3196:
3186:Bank Emisyjny w Polsce
3099:Germans from Germany (
2926:Kreishauptmannschaften
2859:Kreishauptmannschaften
2783:Kreishauptmannschaften
2702:Kreishauptmannschaften
2619:Kreishauptmannschaften
2589:
2581:
2567:Kreishauptmannschaften
2565:) and rural counties (
2437:
2266:Nowy Kurier Warszawski
2252:
2226:
2205:(HAP). Prasą kierował
1848:(OrPo) (native German)
1776:
1691:
1681:. It was not a Polish
1667:
1650:
1614:
1591:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1385:
1376:
1314:
1294:
1242:
1233:Territorial dissection
1216:
1204:
1180:
1115:
1107:
1027:
997:
947:
930:, signed in Moscow by
872:
845:
807:
801:
784:
776:
766:
757:
747:
734:
727:Bank Emisyjny w Polsce
726:
709:
703:before their eventual
671:
645:
558:Second Polish Republic
533:
513:
505:
356:• Disintegration
55:
9507:Jewish Polish history
9409:Majdanek State Museum
8542:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
7446:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
6241:Reichsfestung Belgrad
5960:50.05472°N 19.93667°E
4303:Shoah Resource Center
4284:Majer (2003), p. 265.
4171:. Rodopi. p. 32.
4057:Diemut Majer (2003).
3565:Polish State Railways
3537:Provinz Oberschlesien
3526:
3408:
3360:
3194:
3154:Further information:
2587:
2575:
2432:
2389:Teatr Miasta Warszawy
2240:
2224:
1905:. On 6 May 1940
1771:
1652:
1648:
1359:
1240:
1160:
1113:
1105:
1088:Further information:
1012:was appointed as the
946:of September 28, 1939
925:
887:initially came under
860:
735:Emissionbank in Polen
572:, to include the new
556:. The newly occupied
302:• Establishment
164:Common languages
8886:Mordechai Anielewicz
8597:Elisabeth Volkenrath
8482:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
8118:Arthur Liebehenschel
8043:Hermine Braunsteiner
7987:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
7243:Strength Through Joy
7202:Weather Station Kurt
6904:Norway (Quisling II)
6151:Munich–Upper Bavaria
6136:March of Brandenburg
4683:"Yad Vashem Studies"
4578:10.7939/r3-7x8g-9w02
3919:Chronicles of Terror
3677:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
3594:SS-Totenkopfverbände
3348:guerrilla operations
3302:improve this section
3134:(eventually largely
2881:Piotrków Trybunalski
2548:on the basis of the
2538:Operation Barbarossa
2273:Kurier Częstochowski
2233:Political propaganda
1949:Operation Barbarossa
1733:Ukrainian literature
1624:SS and Police Leader
1619:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
1343:German-Austrian rule
1328:Nazi Party Secretary
1309:Operation Barbarossa
1124:conversion of Berlin
913:this revised version
665:), Stanisławów (now
617:Operation Barbarossa
594:German Supreme Court
344:USSR captures Warsaw
272:Occupation of Poland
245:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
193:Civil administration
129:autonomous component
9424:March of the Living
9296:Holocaust survivors
9160:Vrba–Wetzler report
8936:Alexander Pechersky
8896:Mordechai Tenenbaum
8345:Alexander Palfinger
8168:Johann Schwarzhuber
7728:Międzyrzec Podlaski
7707:Lviv pogroms (1941)
7608:Sonderaktion Krakau
7062:Reichskommissariats
6894:Norway (Quisling I)
6824:Chechnya-Ingushetia
6484:Bohemia and Moravia
6469:Partial annexations
6280:Danzig–West Prussia
5956: /
5862:Generalgouvernement
5721:PKP. Archived from
5282:Majer (2003), p.303
5231:Rich (1974), p. 86.
4723:"Arrival in Poland"
4520:Majer (2003), p.302
4294:Generalgouvernement
3890:, December 18, 1939
3625:extermination camps
3576:Deutsche Reichsbahn
3573:, the Kraków-based
3475:Sonderaktion Krakau
3045:
2999:Deutschtumsdistrikt
2893:Tomaszów Mazowiecki
2654:, Sokolow-Wengrow (
2047:
1919:, based on similar
1705:reorganised as the
1605:, who was also the
1192:secondary education
1140:Generalgouvernement
1034:Generalgouvernement
968:Danzig-West Prussia
885:Free City of Danzig
802:Generalgouvernement
778:Generaliteitslanden
767:Generalgouvernement
758:Generalgouvernement
710:Generalgouvernement
625:District of Galicia
578:Generalgouvernement
574:District of Galicia
522:Генеральна губернія
506:Generalgouvernement
227:Secretary for State
9482:General Government
9339:West German trials
9134:Wannsee Conference
8921:Itzhak Katzenelson
8673:General Government
8158:Franz Reichleitner
8088:Fritz Hartjenstein
8078:Maximilian Grabner
7997:Bruno Streckenbach
7809:Grossaktion Warsaw
7462:Operation Reinhard
6494:General Government
6171:Schleswig-Holstein
5965:50.05472; 19.93667
5878:General Government
5847:Kochanski, Halik.
5827:2015-09-24 at the
5725:on 8 February 2014
5094:2018-06-28 at the
5051:2018-06-27 at the
5033:2018-08-03 at the
4458:2016-03-04 at the
4299:2021-08-31 at the
4225:Hans Frank's Diary
4037:2023-03-17 at the
3823:troops during the
3784:Polish inmates of
3608:Operation Reinhard
3606:The newly drafted
3602:Operation Reinhard
3559:to implement the "
3544:Wannsee conference
3540:
3415:
3366:
3197:
3043:
3019:(Germany proper).
2705:
2590:
2582:
2508:). These were the
2438:
2253:
2227:
2041:
2018:torture centre in
1925:formations called
1913:, established the
1883:The most numerous
1860:Sicherheitspolizei
1777:
1651:
1459:Danzig-Westpreußen
1377:
1243:
1116:
1108:
1074:sentenced to death
1046:occupied territory
1042:invasion of Poland
1040:during the actual
948:
938:during the Second
873:
835:Russian-controlled
677:Stanisławów Ghetto
655:Lublin Reservation
598:stateless subjects
576:. The area of the
538:invasion of Poland
498:General Government
291:Invasion of Poland
36:Central government
18:General government
9469:
9468:
9465:
9464:
9385:
9384:
9246:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9197:
9196:
9189:Sonderaktion 1005
9063:
9062:
8746:
8745:
8724:Ypatingasis būrys
8626:
8625:
8567:Johanna Langefeld
8562:Hildegard Lächert
8458:
8457:
8294:Alfred Trzebinski
8259:Franz von Bodmann
8211:Lorenz Hackenholt
8053:Theodor van Eupen
7992:Jakob Sporrenberg
7827:
7826:
7551:
7550:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7178:
7177:
7148:Other occupations
7143:
7142:
7054:
7053:
6769:Adriatic Littoral
6762:Operational Zones
6683:
6682:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6530:
6529:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6346:
6345:
6255:
6254:
5065:"Execution Sites"
3482:Culture of Poland
3352:Henryk Dobrzański
3338:
3337:
3330:
3096:
3095:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2903:Distrikt Galizien
2849:, Tschenstochau (
2688:
2662:), Warschau-Land
2640:Ostrów Mazowiecka
2597:Distrikt Warschau
2555:Distrikt Galizien
2450:and Police Leader
2425:Public executions
2287:Dziennik Radomski
2190:
2189:
1931:operating in the
1903:Reinhard Heydrich
1700:) rather than in
1683:puppet government
1637:Obergruppenführer
1629:Obergruppenführer
1600:
1557:Generalgouverneur
1514:Gau Südostpreußen
1303:and the Southern
1178:
817:territory by the
564:in the west, and
554:World War II
494:
493:
476:
475:
472:
471:
438:
437:
252:• 1940–1945
240:• 1939–1940
212:• 1939–1945
172:
158:
150:
16:(Redirected from
9569:
9351:Treblinka trials
9336:
9335:
9275:
9268:
9261:
9252:
9251:
9150:Graebe affidavit
9143:Witness accounts
9089:Frank memorandum
9074:
9073:
8969:
8968:
8956:Szmul Zygielbojm
8946:Frumka Płotnicka
8906:Leon Feldhendler
8891:Icchak Cukierman
8845:Ghetto uprisings
8775:
8768:
8761:
8752:
8751:
8696:Schutzmannschaft
8517:Feodor Fedorenko
8467:
8466:
8375:Wolfgang Birkner
8163:Heinrich Schwarz
8153:Josef Oberhauser
8128:Heinrich Matthes
8012:Dieter Wisliceny
8002:Richard Thomalla
7977:Heinz Reinefarth
7927:Heinrich Himmler
7872:
7871:
7856:
7849:
7842:
7833:
7832:
7797:Other atrocities
7434:
7433:
7416:
7409:
7402:
7393:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7285:
7278:
7271:
7262:
7261:
7187:
7186:
7069:
7068:
7065:
6794:
6793:
6781:Alpine Foothills
6649:
6648:
6599:Gebiet Bialystok
6577:
6576:
6490:
6489:
6474:
6473:
6419:
6418:
6333:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
6296:
6295:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6211:Westphalia-South
6206:Westphalia-North
6126:Magdeburg-Anhalt
6046:
6045:
6041:
6033:
6024:
6023:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5938:
5937:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5922:
5916:. Archived from
5836:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5788:
5782:
5781:
5754:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5474:
5465:
5464:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5295:. Archived from
5289:
5283:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5265:
5258:
5252:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5104:
5098:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5061:
5055:
5043:
5037:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5008:
5001:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4973:. Archived from
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4944:. Archived from
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4919:. Archived from
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4770:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4727:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4678:
4669:
4662:Hillberg, Raul,
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4622:
4616:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4591:
4589:
4581:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4509:
4506:
4500:
4493:
4484:
4481:
4462:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4431:
4416:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4313:
4304:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4233:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4164:
4153:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4054:
4041:
4028:
3999:, or the German
3983:Heinrich Himmler
3969:
3899:
3883:
3867:
3848:
3836:
3816:
3801:
3781:
3770:Heinrich Himmler
3754:
3738:
3726:
3713:The wall of the
3710:
3665:Nuremberg trials
3549:SS-Brigadeführer
3421:, provoking the
3380:), loyal to the
3333:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3313:
3282:
3274:
3046:
3042:
2995:Lutz von Krosigk
2985:
2887:, Starachowitz (
2787:Biala-Podlaska (
2722:), Krakau-Land,
2707:
2706:
2686:
2684:kreisfreie Stadt
2656:Sokołów Podlaski
2636:Mińsk Mazowiecki
2592:
2481:Dębniki (Kraków)
2466:Piłsudski Square
2403:Audio propaganda
2294:Goniec Codzienny
2280:Goniec Krakowski
2048:
2028:sting operations
1953:prisoners of war
1824:) when requested
1738:Krakivs'ki Visti
1699:
1694:
1595:
1436:Eastern European
1388:
1372:, Ernst Zörner,
1317:
1297:
1219:
1207:
1164:
1062:Nuremberg Trials
1030:
1014:governor-general
1000:
877:attack on Poland
875:After Germany's
848:
823:Austro-Hungarian
812:
804:
787:
781:
769:
760:
750:
712:
674:
661:(see history of
648:
524:), formally the
523:
468:
467:
454:
453:
442:
441:
425:
424:
407:
406:
400:
399:
384:
383:
346:
331:
296:1 September 1939
274:
199:Governor-General
170:
159:
156:
148:
135:
127:Administratively
115:
98:
84:
66:
58:
47:
46:
21:
9577:
9576:
9572:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9472:
9471:
9470:
9461:
9428:
9381:
9372:Stutthof trials
9355:
9325:
9282:
9279:
9238:
9224:Holocaust train
9193:
9177:
9165:Witold's Report
9155:Gerstein Report
9138:
9104:Katzmann Report
9084:Auschwitz Album
9059:
8998:
8960:
8926:Michał Klepfisz
8874:
8833:
8782:
8779:
8742:
8682:
8652:Ordnungspolizei
8622:
8601:
8582:Erich Muhsfeldt
8512:Margot Dreschel
8497:Alexander Bülow
8454:
8450:Udo von Woyrsch
8440:Hermann Schaper
8435:Emanuel Schäfer
8420:Josef Meisinger
8380:Helmut Bischoff
8359:
8315:Heinz Auerswald
8303:
8245:
8193:
8187:
8183:Christian Wirth
8093:Gottlieb Hering
8016:
7982:Julian Scherner
7967:Georg Michalsen
7952:Franz Kutschera
7912:Odilo Globocnik
7863:
7860:
7823:
7792:
7654:
7612:
7593:Kielce cemetery
7547:
7484:
7423:
7420:
7383:
7294:
7289:
7259:
7250:
7246:holiday resorts
7226:
7174:
7139:
7103:
7050:
7034:
6948:
6785:
6757:
6679:
6663:
6638:
6571:
6556:
6526:
6488:
6455:
6417:
6342:
6294:
6251:
6225:
6106:Halle-Merseburg
6091:Electoral Hesse
6081:Eastern Hanover
6018:
6016:
6009:
6002:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5892:
5890:Further reading
5844:
5839:
5829:Wayback Machine
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5767:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5711:
5707:
5698:
5696:
5682:
5678:
5669:
5667:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5638:
5634:
5625:
5623:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5588:
5584:
5573:
5569:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5475:
5468:
5429:
5425:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5350:
5346:
5327:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5302:
5300:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5259:
5255:
5239:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5217:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5192:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5167:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5142:
5140:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5117:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5096:Wayback Machine
5087:
5083:
5074:
5072:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5053:Wayback Machine
5044:
5040:
5035:Wayback Machine
5026:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4993:
4989:
4980:
4978:
4964:
4960:
4951:
4949:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4926:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4901:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4867:
4865:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4827:. Klett-Cotta.
4821:
4817:
4805:
4804:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4779:
4768:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4725:
4716:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4679:
4672:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4623:
4619:
4610:
4606:
4594:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4570:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4494:
4487:
4482:
4465:
4460:Wayback Machine
4447:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4417:
4413:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4389:
4382:
4374:. p. 142.
4364:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4314:
4307:
4301:Wayback Machine
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4268:
4259:
4257:
4250:
4234:
4230:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4200:
4180:
4176:
4165:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4138:
4136:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4087:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4071:
4055:
4044:
4039:Wayback Machine
4029:
4025:
4021:
4008:Reichsmarschall
3993:occupied Poland
3980:Reichsführer-SS
3962:
3910:
3903:
3900:
3891:
3884:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3849:
3840:
3837:
3828:
3825:Warsaw Uprising
3817:
3808:
3805:Warsaw Uprising
3802:
3793:
3782:
3773:
3755:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3727:
3718:
3711:
3702:
3657:
3604:
3587:). This made a
3529:occupied Poland
3521:
3515:
3496:
3484:
3470:
3462:Main articles:
3460:
3437:, launched the
3427:Warsaw Uprising
3400:Zamość uprising
3344:
3334:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3299:
3283:
3272:
3255:
3221:
3162:
3152:
3145:as a category).
3138:as a category),
3033:
3004:Generalplan Ost
2956:Ivano-Frankivsk
2934:), Tschortkau (
2883:), Radom-Land,
2811:, Lublin-Land,
2799:), Grubeschow (
2762:Distrikt Lublin
2734:), Neu-Sandez (
2704:
2700:
2682:
2670:Distrikt Krakau
2502:
2496:
2458:
2443:Franz Kutschera
2427:
2405:
2381:
2348:propaganda film
2324:
2261:
2243:Polish-language
2235:
2219:
2209:, a w Berlinie
2195:
2193:Nazi propaganda
2178:Warsaw Uprising
2173:September 1944
2036:
2016:Under the Clock
1980:Ordnungspolizei
1885:OrPo battalions
1868:Kriminalpolizei
1845:Ordnungspolizei
1837:
1809:prisoner of war
1766:
1764:Judicial system
1743:Michael Chomiak
1712:Ordnungspolizei
1607:State Secretary
1549:
1543:
1374:Richard Wendler
1280:final victory.
1247:already annexed
1235:
1100:
1090:Generalplan Ost
1086:
1054:Warsaw Uprising
992:mass expulsions
944:Frontier Treaty
855:
838:parts of Poland
794:Estates-General
743:
667:Ivano-Frankivsk
663:Tarnopol Ghetto
629:Western Ukraine
487:
465:
451:
432:
422:
414:
404:
375:
360:19 January 1945
357:
350:17 January 1945
347:
342:
332:
327:
317:
306:26 October 1939
303:
293:
275:
270:
253:
241:
213:
173:
155:
151:
147:
143:
130:
128:
126:
118:
106:
105:
104:
99:
91:
90:
85:
67:
60:
52:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9575:
9565:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9467:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9438:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9414:Sobibór Museum
9411:
9406:
9401:
9395:
9393:
9387:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9363:
9361:
9357:
9356:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9342:
9340:
9333:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9292:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9278:
9277:
9270:
9263:
9255:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9240:
9239:
9237:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9205:
9203:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9191:
9185:
9183:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9171:Sonderkommando
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9146:
9144:
9140:
9139:
9137:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9114:Posen speeches
9111:
9109:Korherr Report
9106:
9101:
9099:Höfle telegram
9096:
9091:
9086:
9080:
9078:
9071:
9065:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9006:
9004:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8975:
8973:
8966:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8941:Witold Pilecki
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8916:Henryk Iwański
8913:
8911:Paweł Frenkiel
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8882:
8880:
8876:
8875:
8873:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8841:
8839:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8790:
8788:
8784:
8783:
8778:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8755:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8740:
8735:
8716:Arajs Kommando
8692:
8690:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8645:
8638:Einsatzgruppen
8634:
8632:
8628:
8627:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8609:
8607:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8599:
8594:
8592:Alice Orlowski
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8507:John Demjanjuk
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8473:
8471:
8464:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8405:Gerhard Flesch
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8371:
8369:
8366:Einsatzgruppen
8361:
8360:
8358:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8311:
8309:
8308:Ghetto command
8305:
8304:
8302:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8289:Horst Schumann
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8255:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8148:Johann Niemann
8145:
8140:
8135:
8133:Hermann Michel
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8108:Karl-Otto Koch
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8048:Irmfried Eberl
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7937:Fritz Katzmann
7934:
7929:
7924:
7922:Arthur Greiser
7919:
7917:Richard Glücks
7914:
7909:
7904:
7902:Ludwig Fischer
7899:
7894:
7892:Adolf Eichmann
7889:
7884:
7878:
7876:
7869:
7865:
7864:
7859:
7858:
7851:
7844:
7836:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7620:
7618:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7559:
7557:
7556:Mass shootings
7553:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7543:Danzig-Matzkau
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7508:Kraków-Płaszów
7505:
7500:
7494:
7492:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7419:
7418:
7411:
7404:
7396:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7308:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7288:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7265:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7193:
7191:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7066:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6944:Zuyev Republic
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6834:Czechoslovakia
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6800:
6798:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6693:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6646:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
6574:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6498:
6496:
6487:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6267:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6131:Main Franconia
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6071:Cologne–Aachen
6068:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6043:
6021:
6015:Administrative
6011:
6010:
6001:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5978:
5940:
5939:
5912:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5859:
5852:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5813:
5783:
5765:
5736:
5705:
5685:Adolf Eichmann
5676:
5662:. 2015-12-27.
5651:
5642:Lech Kaczyński
5632:
5607:
5600:
5582:
5567:
5544:
5537:
5519:
5512:
5494:
5487:
5466:
5423:
5369:
5362:
5344:
5321:
5309:
5284:
5275:
5266:
5253:
5233:
5224:
5199:
5185:. 2017-04-13.
5174:
5149:
5124:
5110:. 2019-04-17.
5099:
5081:
5056:
5038:
5020:
4987:
4958:
4933:
4908:
4883:
4874:
4840:
4833:
4815:
4777:
4769:(Google Books)
4765:Peter R. Black
4750:
4707:
4670:
4655:
4644:. Google eBook
4641:978-0803203921
4640:
4628:(1 May 2007).
4617:
4604:
4595:|journal=
4564:
4522:
4510:
4501:
4485:
4463:
4441:
4432:
4411:
4398:
4380:
4358:
4349:
4338:
4329:
4305:
4286:
4277:
4266:
4248:
4228:
4217:
4198:
4174:
4154:
4145:
4127:
4107:
4069:
4042:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:Hermann Göring
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3860:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3818:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3796:
3794:
3783:
3776:
3774:
3756:
3749:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3687:Ludwig Fischer
3684:
3656:
3653:
3647:of undesired "
3600:Main article:
3579:branch of the
3561:Final Solution
3517:Main article:
3514:
3511:
3495:
3492:
3483:
3480:
3459:
3456:
3448:Warsaw airlift
3340:Main article:
3336:
3335:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3254:
3251:
3242:Marshal Petain
3220:
3217:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3129:
3126:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3032:
3029:
3013:Martin Bormann
3009:Stadtdistrikte
2989:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2970:, Solotschiw (
2954:), Stanislau (
2944:Kamianka-Buzka
2928:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2830:Distrikt Radom
2825:
2824:
2805:Janow Lubelski
2789:Biała Podlaska
2785:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2708:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2495:
2492:
2485:Park Krakowski
2457:
2454:
2434:Ujazdów Avenue
2426:
2423:
2404:
2401:
2380:
2377:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2308:Gazeta Lwowska
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2257:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2215:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:November 1943
2142:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:February 1942
2114:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2060:Police and SS
2058:
2052:
2035:
2032:
1965:Final Solution
1961:Trawnikimänner
1894:Einsatzgruppen
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1856:
1849:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1765:
1762:
1679:colonial state
1615:Staatssekretär
1583:led by Frank.
1545:Main article:
1542:
1541:Administration
1539:
1538:
1537:
1510:
1477:
1432:Central Europe
1380:Ludwig Fischer
1362:Ludwig Fischer
1331:Martin Bormann
1277:Arthur Greiser
1234:
1231:
1167:Martin Bormann
1085:
1082:
883:including the
854:
851:
815:Russian Empire
742:
739:
693:Sambor Ghettos
602:ethnic Germans
492:
491:
482:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
462:
456:
455:
448:
439:
436:
435:
426:
418:
417:
408:
396:
395:
390:
380:
379:
370:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
355:
352:
351:
348:
340:
337:
336:
333:
325:
322:
321:
318:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
268:
267:Historical era
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
251:
248:
247:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
165:
161:
160:
141:
137:
136:
124:
120:
119:
116:
108:
107:
100:
93:
92:
86:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
69:
68:
53:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9574:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9477:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9447:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9396:
9394:
9392:
9388:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9358:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9341:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9328:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9311:Kielce pogrom
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9289:
9285:
9276:
9271:
9269:
9264:
9262:
9257:
9256:
9253:
9249:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9206:
9204:
9200:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9174:
9172:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9141:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9129:Stroop Report
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9069:Documentation
9066:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9001:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8970:
8967:
8963:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8901:Marek Edelman
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8877:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8836:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8787:Organizations
8785:
8776:
8771:
8769:
8764:
8762:
8757:
8756:
8753:
8749:
8739:
8736:
8733:
8729:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8688:Collaboration
8685:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8649:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8631:Organizations
8629:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8604:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8577:Eduard Lorenz
8575:
8573:
8572:Anton Lechner
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8557:Josef Kollmer
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8527:Kurt Gerstein
8525:
8523:
8522:Hans Hoffmann
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8492:Juana Bormann
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8430:Erich Naumann
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8385:Lothar Beutel
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8362:
8356:
8355:Jürgen Stroop
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8325:Josef Blösche
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8300:
8299:Eduard Wirths
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8284:Josef Mengele
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8274:Horst Fischer
8272:
8270:
8269:Karl Gebhardt
8267:
8265:
8264:Carl Clauberg
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8248:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8236:Ludwig Plagge
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8226:Herbert Lange
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8206:Kurt Bolender
8204:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8178:Gustav Wagner
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8103:Franz Hössler
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8068:Karl Fritzsch
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8038:Wilhelm Boger
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8019:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7957:Erwin Lambert
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7942:Wilhelm Koppe
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7932:Hermann Höfle
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7897:Theodor Eicke
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7866:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7834:
7830:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7657:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7598:Aktion Krakau
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7568:Bloody Sunday
7566:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7490:Concentration
7487:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7438:Extermination
7435:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7417:
7412:
7410:
7405:
7403:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7306:The Holocaust
7304:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7293:
7286:
7281:
7279:
7274:
7272:
7267:
7266:
7263:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7057:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7005:Russia (KONR)
7003:
7001:
7000:Russia (ODNR)
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6760:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6720:zone réservée
6717:
6716:Atlantic Wall
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6567:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6542:Burgundy (SS)
6540:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6258:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6196:Upper Silesia
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6121:Lower Silesia
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6032:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6012:
6007:
5999:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5936:
5923:on 2019-02-01
5919:
5915:
5913:9781618119568
5909:
5905:
5901:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5817:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5752:
5746:
5745:Arad, Yitzhak
5740:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5709:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5665:
5661:
5655:
5647:
5643:
5636:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5603:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5540:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5515:
5513:9780713996814
5509:
5505:
5498:
5490:
5488:9780713996814
5484:
5480:
5473:
5471:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5427:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5374:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5299:on 2016-08-06
5298:
5294:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5228:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5163:
5159:
5158:"Wyborcza.pl"
5153:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5024:
5005:
5002:(in Polish).
4998:
4991:
4977:on 2018-05-24
4976:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4948:on 2018-06-18
4947:
4943:
4937:
4923:on 2018-05-24
4922:
4918:
4912:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4878:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4853:
4844:
4836:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4811:
4799:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4754:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4659:
4643:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4614:
4608:
4600:
4587:
4579:
4575:
4568:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4526:
4517:
4515:
4505:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4445:
4436:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4402:
4387:
4383:
4381:9780521351201
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4353:
4347:
4342:
4333:
4326:
4325:1-929631-05-7
4322:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4290:
4281:
4275:
4270:
4255:
4251:
4249:9781139426640
4245:
4241:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4221:
4205:
4201:
4199:9788362453009
4195:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4149:
4134:
4130:
4128:9780765606655
4124:
4120:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4091:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4030:Diemut 2003,
4027:
4023:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:Volksdeutsche
3998:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3827:, August 1944
3826:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3766:Jürgen Stroop
3763:
3759:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3715:Warsaw Ghetto
3709:
3704:
3703:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:the Holocaust
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3513:The Holocaust
3510:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3439:Warsaw Rising
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3419:Warsaw Ghetto
3412:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3393:(Armia Ludowa
3391:
3390:People's Army
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:Armia Krajowa
3371:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3332:
3329:
3321:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3287:This section
3285:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3238:barter system
3235:
3230:
3227:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3132:Romani people
3130:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3119:Highlanders (
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:Volksdeutsche
3105:
3102:
3101:Reichdeutsche
3098:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:Wilhelm Frick
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2974:), Kallusch (
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:), Petrikau (
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:, Reichshof (
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:), Neumarkt (
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:), Jaroslau (
2713:
2709:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:), Lowitsch (
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2546:Ukrainian SSR
2543:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:Teatr Komedia
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2373:collaboration
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2071:October 1939
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:Volksdeutsche
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:death penalty
1786:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1761:
1760:institution.
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:Brigadefuhrer
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:Wilhelm Koppe
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:Litzmannstadt
1497:
1496:South Prussia
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
999:
993:
989:
988:Germanization
985:
981:
977:
976:Upper Silesia
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
942:known as the
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
920:
918:
914:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:military rule
886:
882:
878:
871:
867:
863:
859:
850:
847:
841:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:German Empire
816:
811:
810:
803:
797:
795:
791:
786:
780:
779:
773:
768:
762:
759:
754:
749:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
706:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
490:
486:
483:
481:Today part of
479:
463:
461:
460:Ukrainian SSR
458:
457:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:Ukrainian SSR
431:
427:
420:
419:
416:
413:
409:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
353:
349:
345:
338:
334:
330:
323:
320:1 August 1941
319:
315:
309:
305:
299:
295:
292:
286:
282:
279:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
249:
246:
243:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
169:
166:
162:
154:
146:
145:Litzmannstadt
142:
138:
134:
125:
121:
114:
109:
103:
97:
89:
83:
75:
70:
64:
57:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9170:
9094:Höcker Album
9077:Nazi sources
8965:Victim lists
8931:Miles Lerman
8738:Trawniki men
8678:Hotel Polski
8672:
8587:Detlef Nebbe
8552:Oswald Kaduk
8547:Karl Jeschke
8425:Bruno Müller
8415:Felix Landau
8400:Ernst Damzog
8395:Karl Brunner
8364:
8340:Franz Konrad
8241:Adolf Theuer
8194:executioners
8173:Franz Stangl
8143:Robert Mulka
8113:Josef Kramer
8063:Karl Frenzel
8033:Richard Baer
8028:Hans Aumeier
8021:Camp command
8007:Otto Wächter
7887:Josef Bühler
7882:Viktor Brack
7868:Perpetrators
7460:
7302:Main article
7207:Schatzgräber
6629:West Prussia
6609:Lower Styria
6547:Holland (SS)
6493:
6318:Upper Danube
6313:Lower Danube
6116:Hesse-Nassau
6086:East Prussia
6056:Baden-Alsace
6019:Nazi Germany
6017:divisions of
6006:Nazi Germany
5941:
5925:. Retrieved
5918:the original
5898:
5855:
5848:
5816:
5804:. Retrieved
5795:
5786:
5778:
5750:
5739:
5727:. Retrieved
5723:the original
5708:
5697:. Retrieved
5679:
5668:. Retrieved
5654:
5645:
5635:
5624:. Retrieved
5610:
5591:
5585:
5576:
5570:
5553:
5547:
5528:
5522:
5503:
5497:
5478:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5385:
5381:
5353:
5347:
5330:
5324:
5317:
5312:
5301:. Retrieved
5297:the original
5287:
5278:
5269:
5261:
5256:
5236:
5227:
5216:. Retrieved
5202:
5191:. Retrieved
5177:
5166:. Retrieved
5152:
5141:. Retrieved
5127:
5116:. Retrieved
5102:
5084:
5073:. Retrieved
5059:
5041:
5023:
5011:. Retrieved
4990:
4979:. Retrieved
4975:the original
4967:Marek Haltof
4961:
4950:. Retrieved
4946:the original
4936:
4925:. Retrieved
4921:the original
4911:
4900:. Retrieved
4886:
4877:
4866:. Retrieved
4857:
4851:
4843:
4824:
4818:
4787:. Retrieved
4764:
4760:
4753:
4741:. Retrieved
4729:
4698:. Retrieved
4686:
4663:
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4630:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4586:cite journal
4567:
4556:. Retrieved
4539:
4535:
4525:
4504:
4496:
4449:
4444:
4439:Rich, p. 89.
4435:
4419:
4414:
4406:
4401:
4390:. Retrieved
4361:
4352:
4341:
4332:
4316:
4289:
4280:
4273:
4269:
4258:. Retrieved
4238:
4231:
4220:
4208:. Retrieved
4189:
4184:
4177:
4168:
4148:
4137:. Retrieved
4117:
4110:
4079:. Retrieved
4059:
4026:
4006:
4000:
3986:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3954:West Galicia
3681:Josef Bühler
3605:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3553:Josef Bühler
3547:
3541:
3536:
3497:
3494:German sport
3485:
3473:
3471:
3431:
3416:
3397:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3372:(in Polish:
3367:
3361:Flag of the
3345:
3324:
3315:
3300:Please help
3288:
3259:black market
3256:
3253:Black market
3234:black market
3231:
3222:
3214:
3198:
3167:
3163:
3143:exterminated
3136:exterminated
3120:
3100:
3049:Nationality
3038:
3034:
3031:Demographics
3016:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2946:), Kolomea (
2925:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2889:Starachowice
2858:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2782:
2770:
2760:
2759:
2701:
2687:(since 1940)
2683:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2648:Skierniewice
2618:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2536:. After the
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2489:
2477:Wawel Castle
2472:
2470:
2459:
2447:
2439:
2421:"to bark").
2418:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2356:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2254:
2246:
2228:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2061:
2051:Time period
2043:
2037:
2024:
2013:
2010:
2003:
1991:Sonderdienst
1990:
1987:Sonderdienst
1986:
1984:
1973:
1960:
1957:Trawniki men
1942:
1939:Sonderdienst
1938:
1933:
1928:Selbstschutz
1926:
1920:
1916:Sonderdienst
1914:
1906:
1892:
1882:
1866:
1858:
1843:
1838:
1785:criminal law
1782:
1778:
1773:
1751:
1747:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1710:
1689:
1687:
1668:
1656:
1653:
1636:
1627:
1603:Josef Bühler
1585:
1580:
1550:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1508:Beskidenland
1507:
1499:
1491:
1488:East Prussia
1483:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1423:
1419:
1416:Weichselland
1415:
1403:
1402:Land"), and
1396:Weichselland
1395:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1370:Otto Wächter
1325:
1319:(Gau of the
1312:
1292:
1282:
1274:
1257:Beskidenland
1254:
1252:
1244:
1214:
1205:Himmlerstadt
1202:
1196:
1181:
1175:Adolf Hitler
1161:
1139:
1117:
1050:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1008:
995:
952:German Reich
949:
905:
893:East Prussia
874:
842:
825:-controlled
798:
785:gouvernement
763:
744:
714:
697:
639:, Lwów (now
621:East Galicia
610:
606:Nazi Germany
590:
577:
550:Soviet Union
542:Nazi Germany
525:
497:
495:
429:
411:
393:Succeeded by
392:
387:
335:22 July 1944
278:World War II
257:Josef Bühler
44:
9214:Gas chamber
9182:Concealment
9173:photographs
9020:Gross-Rosen
8989:Lviv (Lwów)
8951:Roza Robota
8855:Częstochowa
8487:Herta Bothe
8477:Hans Anhalt
8470:Camp guards
8410:Ludwig Hahn
8390:Paul Blobel
8330:Franz Bürkl
8320:Hans Biebow
8279:Fritz Klein
8216:Josef Klehr
8201:Erich Bauer
8192:Gas chamber
8138:Karl Möckel
8123:Maria Mandl
8098:Rudolf Höss
8083:Otto Hantke
7972:Oswald Pohl
7962:Ernst Lerch
7773:Stanisławów
7683:Częstochowa
7573:Bronna Góra
7503:Gross-Rosen
7498:Auschwitz I
7084:Netherlands
6884:Netherlands
6624:Sudetenland
6572:occupations
6408:Vistulaland
6285:Sudetenland
6237:Prinz-Eugen
6141:Mecklenburg
5963: /
5775:0253213053
5250:pp. 158-159
4806:|work=
4542:: 251–261.
4098:|work=
3924:Ernst Lerch
3693:Ernst Kundt
3655:Punishments
3555:encouraged
3542:During the
3386:Polish Army
3219:Food supply
3122:Goralenvolk
3116:Ukrainians,
3073:Ukrainians
3065:Foreigners
2958:), Sambor (
2912:Stadtkreise
2875:), Opatau (
2865:Busko-Zdrój
2851:Częstochowa
2838:Stadtkreise
2771:Stadtkreise
2718:), Jassel (
2638:), Ostrau (
2605:Stadtkreise
2563:Stadtkreise
2412:szczekaczki
2345:anti-Polish
2326:Propaganda
2159:April 1944
2131:April 1943
2085:April 1940
1976:Blue Police
1959:" (German:
1853:Blue Police
1707:Blue Police
1696:; English:
1663:Werner Best
1315:Vandalengau
1156:master race
956:large parts
881:German army
790:governorate
388:Preceded by
9476:Categories
8537:Irma Grese
8532:Paul Götze
8502:Luise Danz
8251:Physicians
8058:Kurt Franz
7907:Hans Frank
7875:Organizers
7819:Heidelager
7217:Bassgeiger
7197:New Swabia
7165:San Marino
6990:Montenegro
6914:Montenegro
6736:Luxembourg
6614:Luxembourg
6398:Vandalland
6363:Beskidland
6290:Wartheland
6263:Reichsgaus
6076:Düsseldorf
5951:19°56′12″E
5948:50°03′17″N
5927:2019-02-01
5866:Yad Vashem
5842:References
5766:0253213053
5729:8 February
5699:2009-01-05
5670:2018-05-25
5626:2019-05-17
5601:0691093814
5538:0691093814
5439:(2): 248.
5388:(2): 254.
5363:0691093814
5316:Götz Aly,
5303:2016-06-10
5246:0521612772
5218:2019-05-15
5193:2019-05-14
5168:2019-05-14
5143:2019-05-14
5118:2019-05-15
5075:2018-06-28
4981:2018-05-24
4952:2018-06-18
4927:2018-05-24
4902:2018-05-24
4868:2019-05-15
4834:3423330074
4789:2013-06-02
4778:192963160X
4648:4 December
4558:2022-05-29
4428:0199646538
4392:2022-03-14
4260:2022-03-14
4210:2020-09-19
4139:2020-10-31
4081:2020-10-31
4070:0801864933
3669:war crimes
3661:Hans Frank
3499:Hans Frank
3270:Resistance
3226:Reichsbahn
3206:Treuhänder
3017:Reichsgaue
2952:Rava-Ruska
2930:Breschan (
2815:, Rehden (
2809:Krasnystaw
2801:Hrubieszow
2750:, Tarnau (
2726:, Meekow (
2679:Stadtkreis
2634:), Minsk (
2626:, Grojec (
2609:Warschau (
2578:Barbarossa
2529:, and the
2498:See also:
2462:Pabst Plan
2357:Homecoming
2186:1,080,000
2112:2,050,000
2099:June 1941
2042:Number of
1724:Ukrainians
1492:Südpreußen
1484:Ostpreußen
1465:Wartheland
1366:Hans Frank
1335:Reichsgaue
1255:Reichsgau
1217:Pflugstadt
1171:Hans Frank
1148:Wartheland
1094:Lebensraum
1066:war crimes
1058:Hans Frank
1018:rump state
1010:Hans Frank
972:Wartheland
964:Reichsgaue
960:Lebensraum
936:Ribbentrop
895:up to the
862:Hans Frank
753:Hans Frank
669:, renamed
643:, renamed
584:after the
377:Reichsmark
217:Hans Frank
189:Government
171:(official)
9391:Memorials
9288:Aftermath
9055:Treblinka
9010:Auschwitz
8865:Treblinka
8850:Białystok
8838:Uprisings
8618:Treblinka
8463:Personnel
8231:Otto Moll
8221:Hans Koch
8073:Amon Göth
7804:Action T4
7768:Sosnowiec
7738:Nowy Sącz
7673:Białystok
7640:Szczuczyn
7588:Erntefest
7578:Bydgoszcz
7563:Białystok
7478:Treblinka
7354:Lithuania
7238:Nordstern
7222:Edelweiss
7130:Turkestan
7120:Don-Volga
7020:Turkestan
6970:Cossackia
6909:Macedonia
6869:Lithuania
6774:Ljubljana
6659:Bialystok
6644:Districts
6308:Carinthia
6201:Weser-Ems
6191:Thuringia
6161:Pomerania
6146:Moselland
6101:Franconia
5747:(1999) .
5562:305208240
5461:145343274
5418:145343274
5402:0008-9389
5339:305208240
4852:Judenjagd
4808:ignored (
4798:cite book
4721:(1998) .
4695:0084-3296
4100:ignored (
4090:cite book
4032:page 268.
4019:Citations
3974:, or the
3790:Home Army
3621:Treblinka
3613:Action T4
3533:Auschwitz
3458:Education
3452:Wehrmacht
3429:of 1944.
3370:Home Army
3363:Home Army
3289:does not
3264:inelastic
3247:Waffen-SS
3156:Baudienst
3150:Economics
2940:Drohobycz
2918:Lviv/Lwów
2916:Lemberg (
2869:Jedrzejow
2795:, Cholm (
2736:Nowy Sącz
2732:Nowy Targ
2710:Dembitz (
2652:Sochaczew
2531:Distrikt
2524:Distrikt
2517:Distrikt
2510:Distrikt
2506:Distrikte
2328:newsreels
2251:at once."
2055:Wehrmacht
2044:Wehrmacht
1934:Warthegau
1907:Gauleiter
1822:Baudienst
1592:Regierung
1518:Wolhynien
1470:Schlesien
1299:) in the
1266:San river
1199:Zamojskie
1144:Rhineland
1098:Wehrbauer
998:Nebenland
917:Lithuania
897:Bug River
846:Restpolen
689:Drohobycz
681:Drohobycz
672:Stanislau
613:Wehrmacht
588:in 1795.
518:Ukrainian
179:Ukrainian
72:1939–1945
9234:Zyklon B
9050:Trawniki
9045:Stutthof
9030:Majdanek
7778:Tarnopol
7718:Lubartów
7630:Jedwabne
7533:Trawniki
7523:Stutthof
7513:Potulice
7456:Majdanek
7374:Slovakia
7231:Proposed
7212:Holzauge
7115:Caucasia
7108:Proposed
7046:Brittany
7039:Proposed
7030:Wallonia
7015:Slovakia
6965:Bulgaria
6939:Wallonia
6929:Slovakia
6844:Flanders
6726:Slovakia
6675:Brussels
6668:Proposed
6634:Zichenau
6604:Lorraine
6552:Lombardy
6535:Proposed
6423:Westland
6413:Wallonia
6393:Nordmark
6388:Gothland
6378:Flanders
6373:Burgundy
6351:Proposed
6323:Salzburg
6230:Proposed
6216:Westmark
6156:NSDAP/AO
6061:Bayreuth
6038:Altreich
5825:Archived
5806:18 April
5800:Archived
5693:Archived
5664:Archived
5620:Archived
5558:ProQuest
5554:ProQuest
5335:ProQuest
5331:ProQuest
5212:Archived
5187:Archived
5162:Archived
5137:Archived
5112:Archived
5092:Archived
5069:Archived
5049:Archived
5031:Archived
5013:14 March
5004:Archived
4896:Archived
4862:Archived
4783:Archived
4734:Archived
4552:Archived
4548:41036740
4456:Archived
4430:, p. 139
4386:Archived
4297:Archived
4254:Archived
4204:Archived
4133:Archived
4075:Archived
4035:Archived
3908:See also
3645:genocide
3557:Heydrich
3318:May 2018
3182:Młynarki
3057:Germans
2972:Zolochiv
2968:Tarnopol
2948:Kolomyia
2936:Czortków
2932:Brzeżany
2885:Radomsko
2793:Bilgoraj
2740:Przemyśl
2716:Jarosław
2691:Krakau (
2624:Garwolin
2512:Warschau
2419:szczekać
2379:Theaters
2352:Heimkehr
2168:570,000
2162:500,000
2154:620,000
2148:550,000
2140:510,000
2134:450,000
2126:350,000
2120:300,000
2094:470,000
2088:400,000
2080:630,000
2074:550,000
1877:(German)
1871:(German)
1835:Policing
1758:criminal
1530:Podolien
1526:Galizien
1522:Volhynia
1424:Beskiden
1420:Galizien
1404:Galizien
1392:Beskiden
1295:Gotengau
1165:Note of
1044:) as an
978:and the
901:Red Army
705:genocide
659:Tarnopol
548:and the
546:Slovakia
369:Currency
9219:Gas van
9035:Sobibór
8972:Ghettos
8879:Leaders
8860:Sobibor
8613:Sobibor
8606:By camp
7753:Siedlce
7660:Ghettos
7645:Tykocin
7617:Pogroms
7603:Palmiry
7528:Szebnie
7473:Sobibor
7451:Chełmno
7379:Ukraine
7364:Romania
7344:Germany
7334:Estonia
7329:Denmark
7324:Croatia
7319:Belgium
7314:Belarus
7190:Founded
7170:Tunisia
7155:Finland
7125:Muscovy
7099:Ukraine
7094:Ostland
7072:Founded
7025:Ukraine
6995:Romania
6985:Hungary
6960:Belarus
6934:Ukraine
6859:Hungary
6839:Denmark
6829:Croatia
6819:Belarus
6814:Austria
6804:Albania
6797:Founded
6707:Croatia
6652:Founded
6502:Galicia
6477:Founded
6383:Galicia
6368:Brabant
6300:Austria
6273:Founded
6247:Holland
6176:Silesia
6111:Hamburg
6049:Founded
5868:website
5864:on the
5779:Belzec.
5556:: vii.
5453:4547300
5410:4547300
3888:Bochnia
3856:Raphael
3700:Gallery
3570:Ostbahn
3310:removed
3295:sources
3210:Ghettos
3178:Frampol
3174:Sulejów
2873:Końskie
2863:Busko (
2744:Rzeszow
2728:Miechów
2644:Siedlce
2542:Galicia
2479:. <
2361:Igo Sym
2322:Cinemas
2241:German
2183:80,000
2165:70,000
2151:70,000
2137:60,000
2123:50,000
2109:50,000
2091:70,000
2077:80,000
1901:led by
1875:Gestapo
1599:
1534:Podolia
1506:), and
1474:Silesia
1408:Galicia
1400:Vistula
1321:Vandals
1305:Ukraine
1287:of the
1264:to the
1211:Himmler
1184:Siberia
1136:Germans
1120:planned
1078:hanging
980:Suwałki
853:History
646:Lemberg
489:Ukraine
341:•
326:•
314:Galicia
312:•
289:•
183:Yiddish
140:Capital
133:Germany
9331:Trials
9306:Bricha
9040:Soldau
9025:Izbica
9015:Bełżec
8994:Warsaw
8979:Kraków
8819:Żegota
7788:Warsaw
7763:Słonim
7758:Sambor
7733:Mizocz
7723:Lublin
7698:Kraków
7693:Kielce
7688:Grodno
7668:Będzin
7650:Wąsosz
7626:(1946)
7624:Kielce
7538:Warsaw
7518:Soldau
7468:Belzec
7369:Russia
7359:Norway
7349:Latvia
7339:France
7160:Monaco
7089:Norway
7010:Serbia
6980:Greece
6975:France
6953:Exiled
6854:Greece
6849:France
6746:Serbia
6741:Poland
6731:Greece
6712:France
6589:Alsace
6570:German
6522:Warsaw
6512:Lublin
6507:Kraków
6403:Venice
6338:Vienna
6328:Styria
6181:Swabia
6166:Saxony
6066:Berlin
5910:
5858:(2018)
5851:(2012)
5773:
5763:
5598:
5560:
5535:
5510:
5485:
5459:
5451:
5416:
5408:
5400:
5360:
5337:
5333:: 56.
5244:
4831:
4775:
4743:May 1,
4700:12 May
4693:
4638:
4546:
4426:
4378:
4323:
4246:
4196:
4125:
4067:
3874:, 1940
3786:Pawiak
3643:. The
3443:Allied
3411:Lublin
3202:German
3170:Wieluń
3081:Poles
2976:Kalush
2960:Sambir
2877:Opatów
2843:Kielce
2821:Zamość
2817:Radzyn
2813:Pulawy
2776:Lublin
2752:Tarnów
2724:Krosno
2712:Dębica
2693:Kraków
2660:Węgrów
2632:Lowicz
2628:Grójec
2611:Warsaw
2533:Krakau
2522:, the
2519:Lublin
2515:, the
2414:(from
2365:Warsaw
2066:Total
2020:Lublin
1911:Kraków
1811:camps)
1702:Warsaw
1698:Cracow
1692:Krakau
1611:German
1588:German
1569:German
1561:German
1553:German
1528:, and
1468:, and
1444:Odessa
1347:Warsaw
1301:Crimea
1262:Kraków
1227:Lublin
1223:Plough
1138:. The
1128:Hitler
1096:, and
932:Stalin
870:Poland
866:Kraków
772:French
731:German
723:Polish
715:Poland
685:Sambor
683:, and
675:; see
651:Lublin
637:Kraków
633:Warsaw
530:German
510:Polish
502:German
485:Poland
316:added
230:
202:
175:Polish
168:German
153:Krakau
123:Status
102:Emblem
63:German
59:
9003:Camps
8663:RKFDV
7783:Wilno
7748:Radom
7743:Pińsk
7678:Brest
7583:Dynów
7429:Camps
7183:Other
6879:Lokot
6874:Lepel
6864:Italy
6751:Banat
6619:Posen
6517:Radom
6358:Banat
6096:Essen
5921:(pdf)
5457:S2CID
5449:JSTOR
5414:S2CID
5406:JSTOR
5007:(PDF)
5000:(PDF)
4737:(PDF)
4544:JSTOR
4188:[
3960:Notes
3649:races
3585:Gedob
3089:Jews
2964:Stryj
2847:Radom
2797:Chelm
2748:Sanok
2720:Jaslo
2526:Radom
2057:army
1717:zloty
1577:NSDAP
1440:Memel
1428:Major
1412:Chełm
1289:Goths
1250:aim.
1173:with
1152:serfs
1132:Poles
1004:March
701:serfs
687:(see
653:(see
430:1941:
412:1939:
373:Zloty
9446:List
8984:Łódź
8804:Bund
8668:VoMi
8658:WVHA
7713:Łódź
7703:Lwów
7635:Lviv
7135:Ural
6889:Nias
6809:Asch
6030:Gaus
5908:ISBN
5808:2016
5771:ASIN
5761:ISBN
5731:2014
5596:ISBN
5533:ISBN
5508:ISBN
5483:ISBN
5398:ISSN
5358:ISBN
5242:ISBN
5015:2022
4829:ISBN
4810:help
4773:ISBN
4745:2013
4702:2014
4691:ISSN
4650:2014
4636:ISBN
4599:help
4424:ISBN
4376:ISBN
4321:ISBN
4244:ISBN
4194:ISBN
4123:ISBN
4102:help
4065:ISBN
3768:for
3679:and
3671:and
3639:and
3466:and
3293:any
3291:cite
3158:and
3023:and
2416:pol.
2315:Fala
2248:wójt
1899:RSHA
1851:the
1661:Dr.
1597:lit.
1504:Łódź
1481:Gaue
1455:Gaue
1410:and
1270:Łódź
1068:and
984:Gaue
970:and
934:and
906:The
741:Name
691:and
641:Lviv
496:The
88:Flag
8829:ŻZW
8824:ŻOB
8814:PKB
8799:AOB
5441:doi
5390:doi
4574:doi
3965:a.
3854:by
3376:or
3304:by
2938:),
2867:),
2803:),
2791:),
2746:),
2738:),
2642:),
2330:of
1642:).
1498:),
1490:),
1446:".
1291:" (
1285:Gau
1158:".
1076:by
954:of
737:).
679:),
657:),
649:),
540:by
276:in
131:of
9478::
8809:GL
8794:AK
8730:/
8726:,
8722:,
8718:,
8714:,
8710:,
8706:/
8702:,
8642:SS
6718:‧
5906:.
5798:.
5794:.
5769:.
5759:.
5757:37
5717:.
5687:.
5618:.
5469:^
5455:.
5447:.
5437:36
5435:.
5412:.
5404:.
5396:.
5386:36
5384:.
5372:^
5248:,
5210:.
5160:.
5135:.
5067:.
4969:.
4894:.
4802::
4800:}}
4796:{{
4781:.
4763:by
4728:.
4710:^
4685:.
4673:^
4590::
4588:}}
4584:{{
4550:.
4540:22
4538:.
4534:.
4513:^
4488:^
4466:^
4384:.
4370:.
4308:^
4252:.
4202:.
4157:^
4131:.
4094::
4092:}}
4088:{{
4073:.
4045:^
3997:SS
3821:SS
3762:SS
3743:SS
3635:,
3597:.
3509:.
3478:.
3402:.
3378:AK
3204::
3188:.
3176:,
3172:,
3110:).
3103:),
2978:)
2966:,
2962:)
2920:)
2895:)
2853:)
2845:,
2823:)
2807:,
2754:)
2695:)
2650:,
2646:,
2613:)
2487:.
2468:.
2448:SS
2445:,
2213:.
2180:)
2106:)
2022:.
2004:A
1982:.
1922:SS
1613::
1594:,
1590::
1571::
1563::
1555::
1536:).
1462:,
1398:("
1394:,
1368:,
1364:,
1353:.
1092:,
966::
840:.
761:.
733::
729:,
725::
635:,
608:.
544:,
532::
520::
516:;
512::
508:;
504::
181:,
177:,
9448:)
9444:(
9274:e
9267:t
9260:v
8774:e
8767:t
8760:v
8734:)
8698:(
8654:)
8650:(
8644:)
8640:(
7855:e
7848:t
7841:v
7709:)
7705:(
7415:e
7408:t
7401:v
7284:e
7277:t
7270:v
6722:)
6714:(
6243:)
6239:(
6042:)
6034:(
5997:e
5990:t
5983:v
5930:.
5810:.
5733:.
5702:.
5673:.
5629:.
5604:.
5564:.
5541:.
5516:.
5491:.
5463:.
5443::
5420:.
5392::
5366:.
5341:.
5306:.
5221:.
5196:.
5171:.
5146:.
5121:.
5078:.
5017:.
4984:.
4955:.
4930:.
4905:.
4871:.
4850:"
4837:.
4812:)
4792:.
4747:.
4704:.
4652:.
4601:)
4597:(
4580:.
4576::
4561:.
4395:.
4327:.
4263:.
4215:.
4213:.
4142:.
4104:)
4084:.
4014:.
3792:)
3772:)
3331:)
3325:(
3320:)
3316:(
3312:.
3298:.
3200:(
2681:/
2658:-
2580:)
2355:(
1609:(
1532:(
1520:(
1502:(
1494:(
1486:(
1476:)
1472:(
1442:-
1406:(
1221:(
1209:(
1002:(
721:(
528:(
500:(
65:)
61:(
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.