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276:, in which he perceived the image of the Cuban flag with the colors in the flag's triangle and stripes inverted. Almost immediately he visited a nearby merchant, Domingo Peraza, from whom he bought some crepe paper to build a crude prototype. He later displayed his prototype in a dinner meeting at his neighbor's house, where the owner, Micaela Dalmau vda. de Carreras, had invited José Martí as a guest. Martí was pleasantly impressed by the prototype, and made note of it in a newspaper article published in the Cuban revolutionary newspaper
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was the designer, based on a letter written by his daughter in which she says, "...my father asked me to sew together some pieces of cloth, white, red and blue that he brought himself, this tiny flag had 5 alterned stripes, red and white, and a triangle with a five point star within it...". However, there is a letter written by Juan de Mata
Terreforte, vice-president of the
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as a model and inverted the colors in the flag's triangle and stripes. He presented the flag in New York's "Chimney Corner Hall", a gathering place of independence advocates. The flag soon came to symbolize the ideals of the Puerto Rican independence movement. Some people believe that Manuel Besosa
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on July 24, 1952, making it the official flag of Puerto Rico. However, the flag adopted by the government was slightly different. Instead of a light blue triangle, preferred by the independence movement, the government approved a dark blue triangle similar to the blue used in the flag of the United
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Soon, Marín was fighting in Cuba where he was given the rank of lieutenant. Marín was wounded after he and his men confronted the
Spanish Army in a skirmish in Turiguanó. Believing that he would be a burden to his men, he refused to be treated and was placed on a hammock. In November 1897, Lt.
244:"La adopción de la bandera cubana con los colores invertidos me fue sugerida por el insigne patriota Francisco Gonzalo Marín en una carta que me escribió desde Jamaica. Yo hice la proposición a los patriotas puertorriqueños que asistieron al mitin de Chimney Hall y fue aprobada unánimemente."
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Marín's brother enlisted in the Cuban
Liberation Army which was fighting the Spanish Crown and was given the rank of lieutenant. In the meantime, Marín was the victim of political persecution by the Spanish government in the island and went into exile to the
181:. In Caracas he was hired by "El siglo de Caracas" (the Century of Caracas) publishing house and he published various poems, among them "Emilia". However, it wasn't long before he entered into another conflict, this time with the Venezuelan head of state
148:, were demanding either more autonomy or full independence. Marín entered a seminary, but was unable to finish his studies because his family could not economically afford it. Marín went to work with the intention of helping his family and became a
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Also, in a letter written by Maria
Manuela (Mima) Besosa, the daughter of the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee member Manuel Besosa, she stated that she sewed the flag. This created a belief that her father could have been its designer.
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and enlist in the Cuban
Liberation Army. The New York headquarters of the Cuban Army was situated in the New York offices of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. The person registering the volunteers when Marín went to enlist was
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in 1887, which contained the poems "Mis dos cultos" (My two cults), "A la asamblea" (To the
Assembly) and "Al sol" (To the Sun). He had an older brother, Wenceslao Marín, whom he admired and with whom he shared his ideals.
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was at his apartment at 219 Twenty-Third Street in
Manhattan, when he stared at a Cuban flag for a few minutes, and then took a look at the blank wall in which it was being displayed. Vélez Alvarado suddenly perceived an
156:, was a believer of the independence cause and openly advocated his ideas. Marín expressed his love for his country in his poems and in his newspaper. In 1884, he published his first book of poems titled
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in 1889. During his stay, he criticized the actions of Ulises
Hereaux, the president of the republic, and he found himself once again in exile. In 1890, he went to live in
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658:, Author: Dávila, Ovidio; pp. 11-13.; Publisher: San Juan, P.R. : Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (Institute of Puerto Rican Culture), 2002.
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a separatist newspaper which published the narrative "New York from Within". Marín is credited with designing the Puerto Rican flag. He used the
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The adaptation of the Cuban flag with the colors inverted was suggested by the patriot
Francisco Gonzalo Marín in a letter which he wrote from
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Francisco
Gonzalo Marín died and when his men returned they buried his remains. his brother Wenceslao also died fighting in Cuba.
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235:, a chapter of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, which clearly gives credit to Marín. The original contents of the letter in
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En la arena (On the sand), Obra Poética (Poetic Work) and Antología De Pachín Marín, were published posthumously in 1898.
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However, it may never be truly known who designed the flag. According to some accounts on June 12, 1892,
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In 1890, Marín returned to Puerto Rico for a short period and in 1891, he immigrated to
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136:) was one of six siblings born to Santiago Marín Solá and Celestina Shaw Figuero in
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Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
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Antonio Vélez Alvarado, amigo y colaborador consecuente de Martí y Betances
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El trapo (The cloth) - The following are the verses of Marin's "El trapo":
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The Puerto Rican flag designed by Marín was approved by the
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States. The city of Arecibo named an avenue in his honor.
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by trade. At the age of twenty founded a newspaper called
673:, Welcome to Puerto Rico, Retrieved February 25, 2009
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and was once more exiled, this time to the island of
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868:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
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599:Vida, pasión y muerte de Francisco Gonzalo Marín
565: and the second or maternal family name is
440:And, upon staining it with blood the irate one
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398:or the instinctive value of the wild animal;
314:En el barco (A mi Madre) (In the boat) -1894
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419:may it charge the field of fertile honor,
858:Hostosian National Independence Movement
435:en un trapo que asombre a todo el mundo.
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108:(March 12, 1863 – November 1897), was a
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838:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
513:List of Puerto Rican military personnel
443:will see the wretched spoil transformed
411:tome un lienzo, al azar, pálido o rojo,
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350:Cuando un pueblo no tiene una bandera,
233:Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico
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1470:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
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365:a free flag that it may raise proud,
305:Flores Nacientes (Born Flowers) -1884
778:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
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446:into a rag that will amaze everyone.
429:y, al teñirlo con sangre el iracundo
422:take a cloth at random, pale or red,
395:the arrogant dignity of the citizen
393:vigor of battle against the tyrant,
390:if to the sound of its entire glory
370:and the patrimony, a gentle chimera;
362:When a people does not have a flag,
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408:láncese al campo del honor fecundo,
357:y el patrimonio, la gentil quimera;
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722:Poesias de Francisco Gonzalo Marín
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385:o el valor instintivo de la fiera;
367:while seeking its sovereign right
352:bandera libre que enarbole ufano,.
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432:verá cambiarse el mísero despojoe
416:with singular and gigantic faith
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405:con fe gigante y singular arrojo
382:la altiva dignidad del ciudadano
377:si al timbre de su gloria entera
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848:Puerto Rican Independence Party
503:Military history of Puerto Rico
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201:Flag of Puerto Rico (1895–1952)
193:Design of the Puerto Rican flag
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1016:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
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354:en pos de su derecho soberano
16:Puerto Rican military officer
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1465:Truman assassination attempt
843:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
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518:List of Puerto Rican writers
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301:Among his poetic works are:
134:Francisco Gonzalo Marín Shaw
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1284:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1274:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
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956:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
946:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
941:Eugenio María de Hostos
911:Ramón Emeterio Betances
826:Political organizations
698:"Poesía puertorriqueña"
604:April 20, 2009, at the
523:Puerto Rican literature
253:, states the following:
102:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
23:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1374:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1269:Isabel Freire de Matos
1259:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1209:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1039:Antonio Rafael Barceló
966:José Gualberto Padilla
904:19th century activists
884:Cadets of the Republic
877:Militant organizations
528:José Semidei Rodríguez
269:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
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1334:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1314:Francisco Matos Paoli
1279:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1239:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1174:Carlos Alberto Torres
1074:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1030:20th and 21st century
971:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
785:Indigenous resistance
508:List of Puerto Ricans
288:Cuban Liberation Army
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249:which, translated in
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116:who fought alongside
71:Years of service
66:Cuban Liberation Army
1425:Río Piedras massacre
1129:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1109:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1044:Félix Benítez Rexach
889:Boricua Popular Army
224:La Gaceta del Pueblo
138:Arecibo, Puerto Rico
45:Arecibo, Puerto Rico
1496:Grito de Lares flag
1389:Olga Viscal Garriga
1364:Clemente Soto Vélez
1354:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1264:José Ferrer Canales
1199:Pedro Albizu Campos
1149:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1134:Antonio S. Pedreira
1119:Luis Lloréns Torres
1114:Edwin Irizarry Mora
986:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
336:(original version)
239:are the following:
132:Marín (birth name:
1415:Intentona de Yauco
1369:Griselio Torresola
1324:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1219:Casimiro Berenguer
1169:Alejandrina Torres
1124:Oscar López Rivera
1089:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1006:Fernando Fernandez
1001:Manuel Zeno Gandía
481:Puerto Rico portal
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104:, also known as
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1339:Hiram Rosado
1309:René Marqués
1289:Irvin Flores
1254:Rosa Collazo
1189:Puerto Rican
1139:Pedro Pietri
976:Manuel Rojas
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891:(Macheteros)
797:Agüeybaná II
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706:. Retrieved
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33:Pachín Marín
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1545:1897 deaths
1540:1863 births
1179:Iris Zavala
1164:Piri Thomas
1084:Juan Dalmau
792:Agüeybaná I
671:Puerto Rico
342:translation
142:Puerto Rico
128:Early years
100:Lieutenant
29:Nickname(s)
1534:Categories
708:2008-12-22
628:2008-12-22
579:References
454:Postscript
228:Cuban flag
220:José Martí
187:Martinique
150:typesetter
118:José Martí
114:journalist
83:Lieutenant
63:Allegiance
1069:Roy Brown
1032:activists
179:Venezuela
74:1895–1897
1518:Claridad
602:Archived
551:In this
467:See also
166:Mi óbolo
1489:Symbols
1435:Gag Law
817:Urayoán
812:Jumacao
802:Arasibo
557:surname
340:English
334:Spanish
260:Jamaica
251:English
237:Spanish
1398:Events
807:Hayuya
278:Patria
207:Boston
1510:Media
562:Marín
539:Notes
568:Shaw
146:Cuba
144:and
112:and
110:poet
79:Rank
57:Cuba
51:Died
39:Born
559:is
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