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matters progress". Before the 1980s, practically all typesetting for publishers and advertisers was performed by specialist typesetting companies. These companies performed keyboarding, editing and production of paper or film output, and formed a large component of the graphic arts industry. In the United States, these companies were located in rural
Pennsylvania, New England or the Midwest, where labor was cheap and paper was produced nearby, but still within a few hours' travel time of the major publishing centers.
70:
360:. The typesetter typed a line of text on a Fairchild keyboard that had no display. To verify correct content of the line it was typed a second time. If the two lines were identical a bell rang and the machine produced a punched paper tape corresponding to the text. With the completion of a block of lines the typesetter fed the corresponding paper tapes into a phototypesetting device that mechanically set type outlines printed on glass sheets into place for exposure onto a negative
833:
335:
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2077:
393:
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2087:
52:
2067:
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87:
587:) and PostScript and on the PC platform with Xerox Ventura Publisher under DOS as well as Pagemaker under Windows. Improvements in software and hardware, and rapidly lowering costs, popularized desktop publishing and enabled very fine control of typeset results much less expensively than the minicomputer dedicated systems. At the same time, word processing systems, such as
396:
395:
394:
304:, met with limited success, by the end of the 19th century, several methods had been devised whereby an operator working a keyboard or other devices could produce the desired text. Most of the successful systems involved the in-house casting of the type to be used, hence are termed "hot metal" typesetting. The
180:
or page. If done correctly, all letters were of the same height, and a flat surface of type was created. The form was placed in a press and inked, and then printed (an impression made) on paper. Metal type read backwards, from right to left, and a key skill of the compositor was their ability to read
606:
By 2000, this industry segment had shrunk because publishers were now capable of integrating typesetting and graphic design on their own in-house computers. Many found the cost of maintaining high standards of typographic design and technical skill made it more economical to outsource to freelancers
874:
at the beginning of the 1980s, offered a simpler interface and an easier way to systematically encode the structure of a document. LaTeX markup is widely used in academic circles for published papers and books. Although standard TeX does not provide an interface of any sort, there are programs that
412:
VideoComp (1973?), Autologic APS5 (1975), and
Linotron 202 (1978). These machines were the mainstay of phototypesetting for much of the 1970s and 1980s. Such machines could be "driven online" by a computer front-end system or took their data from magnetic tape. Type fonts were stored digitally on
184:
Before computers were invented, and thus becoming computerized (or digital) typesetting, font sizes were changed by replacing the characters with a different size of type. In letterpress printing, individual letters and punctuation marks were cast on small metal blocks, known as "sorts," and then
654:
Waterloo Script was created at the
University of Waterloo (UW) later. One version of SCRIPT was created at MIT and the AA/CS at UW took over project development in 1974. The program was first used at UW in 1975. In the 1970s, SCRIPT was the only practical way to word process and format documents
563:
magazine (comparing itself to "the proverbial shoemaker's children who went barefoot") did not use any computers in production until its August 1979 issue used a
Compugraphics system for typesetting and page layout. The magazine did not yet accept articles on floppy disks, but hoped to do so "as
246:
In order to extend the working life of type, and to account for the finite sorts in a case of type, copies of forms were cast when anticipating subsequent printings of a text, freeing the costly type for other work. This was particularly prevalent in book and newspaper work where rotary presses
192:
held in the left hand, appearing to the typesetter as upside down. As seen in the photo of the composing stick, a lower case 'q' looks like a 'd', a lower case 'b' looks like a 'p', a lower case 'p' looks like a 'b' and a lower case 'd' looks like a 'q'. This is reputed to be the origin of the
681:
The article also pointed out SCRIPT had over 100 commands to assist in formatting documents, though 8 to 10 of these commands were sufficient to complete most formatting jobs. Thus, SCRIPT had many of the capabilities computer users generally associate with contemporary word processors.
945:
tries to combine a simple markup of the input and the possibility of using common programming constructs with a high typographical quality of the output. This system has been in beta testing since March 2023 and was presented in July 2023 at the Tex Users Group (TUG) 2023 conference.
391:
1119:
185:
arranged to form the text for a page. The size of the type was determined by the size of the character on the face of the sort. A compositor would need to physically swap out the sorts for a different size to change the font size.
643:
IBM created and inspired a family of typesetting languages with names that were derivatives of the word "SCRIPT". Later versions of SCRIPT included advanced features, such as automatic generation of a table of contents and index,
176:, each with a single letter or symbol, but backwards (so they would print correctly). The compositor assembled these sorts into words, then lines, then pages of text, which were then bound tightly together by a frame, making up a
502:
Dolev. The data stream used by these systems to drive page layout on printers and imagesetters, often proprietary or specific to a manufacturer or device, drove development of generalized printer control languages, such as
416:
Computers excel at automatically typesetting and correcting documents. Character-by-character, computer-aided phototypesetting was, in turn, rapidly rendered obsolete in the 1980s by fully digital systems employing a
666:
Page numbers can be in Arabic or Roman numerals, and can appear at the top or bottom of the page, in the centre, on the left or on the right, or on the left for even-numbered pages and on the right for odd-numbered
599:, revolutionized office documents. They did not, however, have the typographic ability or flexibility required for complicated book layout, graphics, mathematics, or advanced hyphenation and justification rules (
1988:
610:
The availability of cheap or free fonts made the conversion to do-it-yourself easier, but also opened up a gap between skilled designers and amateurs. The advent of PostScript, supplemented by the
243:
were used for centuries in combination with metal type. Not shown, and more the concern of the casterman, is the "set", or width of each sort. Set width, like body size, is measured in points.
196:
A forgotten but important part of the process took place after the printing: after cleaning with a solvent the expensive sorts had to be redistributed into the typecase - called
79:
320:
involved hand-set matrices, but otherwise used hot metal. By the early 20th century, the various systems were nearly universal in large newspapers and publishing houses.
658:
The initial implementation of SCRIPT at UW was documented in the May 1975 issue of the
Computing Centre Newsletter, which noted some the advantages of using SCRIPT:
139:). One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
735:
The arrival of SGML/XML as the document model made other typesetting engines popular. Such engines include
Datalogics Pager, Penta, Miles 33's OASYS, Xyvision's
928:. By default, SILE's input documents can be composed in a custom LaTeX-inspired markup (SIL) or in XML. Via the adjunction of 3rd-party modules, composition in
300:
The time and effort required to manually compose the text led to several efforts in the 19th century to produce mechanical typesetting. While some, such as the
345:
systems first appeared in the early 1960s and rapidly displaced continuous casting machines. These devices consisted of glass or film disks or strips (one per
858:
at the end of the 1970s, is another widespread and powerful automated typesetting system that has set high standards, especially for typesetting mathematics.
691:
DWScript is a version of SCRIPT for MS-DOS, named after its author, D. D. Williams, but was never released to the public and only used internally by IBM.
2872:
719:
2123:
1272:
1473:
870:. TeX is considered fairly difficult to learn on its own, and deals more with appearance than structure. The LaTeX macro package, written by
3246:
1175:
308:, invented in 1884, used a keyboard to assemble the casting matrices, and cast an entire line of type at a time (hence its name). In the
432:
The first commercially successful laser imagesetter, able to make use of a raster image processor, was the
Monotype Lasercomp. ECRM,
349:) that spun in front of a light source to selectively expose characters onto light-sensitive paper. Originally they were driven by
941:
364:. Photosensitive paper was exposed to light through the negative film, resulting in a column of black type on white paper, or a
913:
282:
printing have not fallen completely out of use, and since the introduction of digital typesetting, it has seen a revival as an
1158:
887:, while being an independent typesetting system, can also aid the preparation of TeX documents through its export capability.
3323:
2116:
614:
file format, provided a universal method of proofing designs and layouts, readable on major computers and operating systems.
1403:
2316:
921:
1202:
812:
systems, and has been used to typeset a number of high-profile technical and computer books. Some versions, as well as a
188:
During typesetting, individual sorts are picked from a type case with the right hand, and set from left to right into a
2035:
949:
Several other text-formatting software packages exist—notably Lout, Patoline, Pollen, and Ant—but are not widely used.
2109:
1849:
1263:
DWScript – Document
Composition Facility for the IBM Personal Computer Version 4.6 Updates, DW-04167, Nov 8th, 1985
247:
required type forms to wrap an impression cylinder rather than set in the bed of a press. In this process, called
1515:
763:. These products allow users to program their SGML/XML typesetting process with the help of scripting languages.
409:
1114:
2245:
1956:
1013:
903:, although it is independent from both of these programs) is a typesetting system which is at the same time a
490:
The minicomputer systems output columns of text on film for paste-up and eventually produced entire pages and
3241:
968:
695:
422:
3790:
3126:
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using a computer. By the late 1980s, the SCRIPT system had been extended to incorporate various upgrades.
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2341:
1859:
1428:
715:
635:
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1864:
1677:
925:
867:
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17:
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product with CRT terminals, were better able to drive these electromechanical devices, and used text
404:
The next generation of phototypesetting machines to emerge were those that generated characters on a
1252:
670:
Underscoring or overstriking can be made a function of SCRIPT, thus uncomplicating editor functions.
3256:
3073:
2744:
2681:
2386:
2309:
1844:
611:
516:
1488:
3504:
1646:
752:
357:
1468:
3686:
2701:
2424:
1729:
1570:
729:
418:
193:
expression "mind your p's and q's". It might just as easily have been "mind your b's and d's".
1090:
1078:
571:(for What You See Is What You Get) in text editing and word processing on personal computers,
475:
and other page formatting information. The descendants of these text markup languages include
127:(letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's
3698:
3562:
3539:
3411:
3176:
2676:
2671:
2584:
2571:
2404:
2165:
2155:
2015:
1946:
1641:
973:
551:
491:
295:
248:
38:
3780:
3676:
3499:
3421:
3348:
3332:
3309:
2968:
2609:
2463:
2283:
2194:
2189:
1746:
1602:
876:
522:
159:
8:
3785:
3681:
3494:
3343:
3290:
3251:
3164:
3058:
2913:
2891:
2881:
2749:
2356:
2346:
2302:
1587:
1508:
1008:
645:
1241:
3635:
3489:
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3214:
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3121:
3111:
3083:
3053:
3013:
2640:
2503:
2488:
2429:
2419:
2230:
2199:
2052:
1961:
1003:
983:
978:
572:
543:
172:
123:
91:
3136:
617:
QuarkXPress had enjoyed a market share of 95% in the 1990s, but lost its dominance to
3390:
3159:
3078:
3033:
2963:
2434:
2138:
2086:
1930:
1761:
1565:
1127:
1019:
789:
588:
256:
1101:
722:
is an international standard developed to provide a stylesheets for SGML documents.
3567:
3557:
3547:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3045:
2998:
2837:
2784:
2645:
2455:
2070:
2030:
1998:
1829:
817:
405:
342:
329:
317:
305:
301:
252:
101:
3718:
3659:
3552:
3479:
3181:
3068:
3063:
2983:
2951:
2842:
2579:
2381:
2184:
2041:
1824:
1819:
1751:
1741:
1359:"Typst. A new markup-based typesetting system that is powerful and easy to learn"
1305:
1206:
1039:
855:
797:
793:
630:
580:
576:
535:
512:
468:
452:
408:
display. Typical of the type were the
Alphanumeric APS2 (1963), IBM 2680 (1967),
377:
309:
189:
59:
648:
page layout, footnotes, boxes, automatic hyphenation and spelling verification.
278:
would push the state of the art even farther ahead. Still, hand composition and
167:
3693:
3654:
3581:
3426:
3186:
3131:
3008:
2811:
2635:
2589:
2523:
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2361:
2150:
2080:
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1973:
1888:
1883:
1854:
1834:
1667:
1582:
1501:
998:
963:
907:
871:
760:
618:
596:
373:
74:
69:
31:
27:
Composition of text by means of arranging physical types or digital equivalents
1199:
3774:
3728:
3671:
3431:
2978:
2946:
2936:
2816:
2278:
1978:
1786:
1756:
1704:
1332:
1131:
1032:
801:
504:
447:-based typesetting software introduced in the 1970s and early 1980s, such as
426:
372:
of a whole page. A large film negative of the page is shot and used to make
286:
pursuit. However, it is a small niche within the larger typesetting market.
3723:
3664:
3436:
3367:
3236:
3116:
3003:
2988:
2958:
2918:
2901:
2655:
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2508:
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1951:
1699:
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437:
433:
365:
350:
313:
163:
153:
55:
2101:
639:
Mural mosaic "Typesetter" at John A. Prior Health
Sciences Library in Ohio
356:
One of the earliest electronic photocomposition systems was introduced by
204:- so they would be ready for reuse. Errors in sorting could later produce
3759:
3754:
3749:
3385:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3209:
3023:
2973:
2868:
2832:
2803:
2791:
2771:
2594:
2546:
2414:
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2225:
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1893:
1803:
1714:
1689:
1651:
1555:
1548:
1538:
884:
821:
785:
592:
584:
539:
531:
368:. The galley was then cut up and used to create a mechanical drawing or
279:
128:
1404:"Typst. A Programmable Markup Language for typesetting. Master's thesis"
832:
334:
3744:
3625:
3380:
3301:
3204:
3018:
2908:
2761:
2754:
2731:
2686:
2650:
2604:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2536:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2325:
1968:
1672:
1609:
1543:
1115:"Correcting Romanian typesetting mistakes by using regular expressions"
916:
borrows some algorithms from TeX and relies on other libraries such as
767:
748:
740:
508:
495:
464:
448:
271:
264:
105:
45:
1839:
1483:
804:. While its use has fallen off, it is still included with a number of
3474:
3395:
2696:
2691:
2468:
2396:
2171:
1983:
1913:
1734:
1724:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1592:
1135:
837:
809:
744:
685:
460:
400:
Dutch newsreel from 1977 about the transition to computer typesetting
283:
240:
63:
51:
135:(which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for
3630:
3450:
3169:
3028:
2847:
2720:
2706:
2531:
2483:
2263:
1993:
1905:
1898:
1796:
1769:
1709:
1693:
1577:
993:
988:
929:
917:
472:
369:
275:
136:
651:
NSCRIPT was a port of SCRIPT to OS and TSO from CP-67/CMS SCRIPT.
3601:
3529:
3509:
2993:
2779:
2630:
2541:
2473:
2409:
2179:
1791:
1781:
1774:
1560:
1358:
958:
904:
896:
756:
568:
547:
170:. A tray with many dividers, called a case, contained cast metal
1038:
Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 23 December 2009.
104:
for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging
3606:
3596:
2896:
2513:
2003:
1337:
1284:
859:
499:
440:) and others rapidly followed suit with machines of their own.
117:
1489:
TYPESET-8, the first low cost computerized type setting system
3416:
2739:
2478:
2446:
2294:
2025:
2008:
1923:
1918:
1719:
1458:
900:
863:
779:
456:
260:
86:
1106:
792:, wrote the troff typesetting program to drive a Wang C/A/T
538:
roman, italics and small caps, adjusted to approximately 10
3095:
2941:
2886:
2020:
1524:
933:
805:
711:
699:
559:
484:
476:
361:
346:
132:
37:"Booksetting" redirects here. For a multi-volume work, see
1176:"How QuarkXPress became a mere afterthought in publishing"
676:
Output can be obtained on the printer, or at the terminal…
1478:
1459:
Metal Type – For Those who Remember Hot Metal Typesetting
880:
851:
845:
813:
732:
is most often used to generate PDF files from XML files.
725:
480:
338:
Linotype CRTronic 360 photosetter, a direct entry machine
1493:
251:, the entire form is pressed into a fine matrix such as
1253:
Glossary of University of Waterloo Computing Chronology
1242:
A Chronology of Computing at The University of Waterloo
316:, which was then fed to control a casting machine. The
1463:
30:"Text formatting" redirects here. For other uses, see
1382:
718:(GML). GML was a set of macros on top of IBM Script.
131:
for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more
688:
was a SCRIPT variant developed at IBM in the 1980s.
353:. Later they were connected to computer front ends.
211:
The diagram at right illustrates a cast metal sort:
770:is another one, which is based on CSS Paged Media.
1112:
800:to support output to different equipment, such as
694:Script is still available from IBM as part of the
673:SCRIPT files are regular OS datasets or CMS files.
1426:
3772:
1091:Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
1079:Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
924:, with an extensible core engine developed in
3317:
3247:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
2310:
2117:
1509:
1401:
1016:– Comprehensive list of typographical symbols
498:software on devices such as the Israeli-made
208:if, say, a p was put into the b compartment.
162:, movable type was composed by hand for each
2789:
1303:
1150:
836:Mathematical text typeset using TeX and the
796:owned by the Labs; it was later enhanced by
2131:
1120:An. Univ. Spiru Haret—ser. matemat.-inform.
883:, which are graphical/interactive editors;
425:an entire page to a single high-resolution
77:, letter founder, from the 1728 edition of
3324:
3310:
2317:
2303:
2124:
2110:
1516:
1502:
710:The standard generalized markup language (
557:Computerized typesetting was so rare that
3273:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
3331:
899:(whose name is a combination of TeX and
890:
862:and LuaLaTeX are variants of TeX and of
831:
634:
521:
387:
333:
289:
263:, from which a positive form is cast in
85:
68:
50:
44:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1273:IBM Document Composition Facility (DCF)
1156:
1062:
1060:
1054:, ALA edition, Skyhorse, 2009, page 131
773:
705:
14:
3773:
3305:
2298:
2105:
1497:
1068:Books: A Living History. (pp. 59–61).
526:Text sample (an extract of the essay
147:
1333:"Markdown and Djot to PDF with SILE"
1159:"Notes on the Appearance of BYTE..."
1057:
747:. XSL-FO compatible engines include
575:became available, starting with the
1474:The Lout Document Formatting System
1200:U01-0547, "Introduction to SCRIPT,"
1052:The Library: An Illustrated History
413:conventional magnetic disk drives.
323:
24:
1147:(webpage has a translation button)
624:
142:
25:
3802:
1452:
567:In 1985, with the new concept of
3449:
3286:
3285:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2065:
1313:TUGboat, Volume 38 (2017), No. 1
1306:"SILE, A new typesetting system"
1219:SCRIPT 90.1 Implementation Guide
827:
607:and graphic design specialists.
542:, with the typeface sized at 14
494:of 4, 8, 16 or more pages using
121:in digital systems representing
2066:
1420:
1409:. Technische Universität Berlin
1395:
1375:
1351:
1325:
1297:
1277:
1266:
1257:
1246:
1235:
1224:
1212:
1193:
1113:Petru-Ioan Becheru (Oct 2011).
343:Phototypesetting or "cold type"
2324:
1168:
1095:
1084:
1072:
1044:
528:The Renaissance of English Art
383:
13:
1:
3242:History of Western typography
1157:Helmers, Carl (August 1979).
1025:
969:History of Western typography
696:Document Composition Facility
429:, now known as imagesetting.
3089:traditional point-size names
1989:Conservation and restoration
1209:is available through PRTDOC.
663:It easily handles footnotes.
7:
2342:Canons of page construction
2246:List of proofreader's marks
1469:Fundamentals of typesetting
952:
875:do. These programs include
716:Generalized Markup Language
621:from the mid-2000s onward.
115:) in mechanical systems or
73:A specimen sheet issued by
10:
3807:
1427:Eberhard W. Lisse (2023).
843:
777:
737:XML Professional Publisher
628:
327:
293:
151:
43:
36:
29:
3737:
3711:
3644:
3618:
3589:
3580:
3538:
3467:
3458:
3447:
3404:
3366:
3357:
3339:
3281:
3265:
3197:
3150:
3104:
3044:
2927:
2867:
2825:
2802:
2770:
2730:
2719:
2664:
2618:
2570:
2522:
2499:Subscript and superscript
2454:
2445:
2395:
2332:
2256:
2218:
2137:
2061:
1939:
1873:
1812:
1660:
1531:
1523:
939:A new typesetting system
312:, a keyboard was used to
3257:Vox-ATypI classification
2387:Intentionally blank page
1484:SGML page at www.xml.org
1040:Dictionary.reference.com
728:is a successor of SGML.
550:, with 0.2 points extra
90:Diagram of a cast metal
2132:Book publishing process
1647:Collection (publishing)
1571:Illuminated manuscripts
1479:XML page at www.W3C.org
1429:"Introduction to Typst"
753:Antenna House Formatter
358:Fairchild Semiconductor
351:pre-punched paper tapes
2790:
1402:Laurenz Mädje (2022).
841:
784:During the mid-1970s,
640:
554:
455:, Miles 33, Xyvision,
419:raster image processor
401:
339:
100:is the composition of
94:
83:
66:
3677:Golding & Company
3540:Hot metal typesetting
2166:intellectual property
2016:Intellectual property
1642:Volume (bibliography)
1304:Simon Cozens (2017).
974:Ligature (typography)
891:Other text formatters
854:system, developed by
835:
714:) was based upon IBM
638:
525:
399:
337:
296:Hot metal typesetting
290:Hot metal typesetting
270:Advances such as the
241:Wooden printing sorts
181:this backwards text.
89:
72:
54:
3682:Chandler & Price
3422:Logographic printing
3333:Letterpress printing
3127:Typographic features
2195:Developmental editor
2190:Commissioning editor
2162:Contract negotiation
1134:. 83. Archived from
877:Scientific Workplace
774:Troff and successors
706:SGML and XML systems
436:(later purchased by
3791:Textual scholarship
3344:History of printing
3252:Technical lettering
3151:Typography in other
2892:Hanging punctuation
2174:rates, format, etc.
1436:TUG 2023 Conference
1164:. pp. 158–159.
1050:Murray, Stuart A.,
1009:Strut (typesetting)
158:During much of the
3636:Composition roller
3468:Manual typesetting
3215:Handwriting script
3142:Desktop publishing
3112:Character encoding
3105:Digital typography
2619:Horizontal aspects
2572:Visual distinction
2430:Widows and orphans
2156:Publisher's reader
2053:World Book Capital
1205:2009-06-06 at the
1066:Lyons, M. (2001).
1004:Sort (typesetting)
984:Point (typography)
979:The Long Short Cut
936:is also possible.
842:
816:work-alike called
702:operating system.
641:
573:desktop publishing
555:
402:
340:
314:punch a paper tape
166:by workers called
148:Manual typesetting
95:
84:
67:
3768:
3767:
3707:
3706:
3576:
3575:
3563:Intertype Machine
3445:
3444:
3405:Blocks and plates
3299:
3298:
3046:Typographic units
2964:For position only
2863:
2862:
2715:
2714:
2292:
2291:
2099:
2098:
1931:Coffee table book
1762:Bookworm (insect)
1020:Technical writing
790:Bell Laboratories
397:
16:(Redirected from
3798:
3645:Types of presses
3590:Parts of a press
3587:
3586:
3568:Paige Compositor
3558:Ludlow Typograph
3548:Linotype machine
3465:
3464:
3453:
3364:
3363:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3289:
3288:
3266:Related template
3198:Related articles
2999:Phototypesetting
2853:reverse-contrast
2838:Display typeface
2795:
2772:Blackletter type
2728:
2727:
2665:Vertical aspects
2646:Sentence spacing
2456:Typeface anatomy
2452:
2451:
2319:
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2305:
2296:
2295:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2089:
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2069:
2068:
1999:History of books
1518:
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1102:Linotype History
1099:
1093:
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1055:
1048:
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469:markup languages
406:cathode ray tube
398:
330:Phototypesetting
324:Phototypesetting
318:Ludlow Typograph
306:Linotype machine
302:Paige compositor
253:plaster of Paris
21:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
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3771:
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3733:
3719:Folding machine
3712:Other equipment
3703:
3640:
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3572:
3553:Monotype system
3534:
3480:Composing stick
3454:
3441:
3400:
3359:
3353:
3335:
3330:
3300:
3295:
3277:
3261:
3193:
3153:writing systems
3152:
3146:
3100:
3040:
2984:Microtypography
2923:
2859:
2821:
2798:
2766:
2723:classifications
2722:
2711:
2660:
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2580:Blackboard bold
2566:
2518:
2441:
2391:
2382:Recto and verso
2328:
2323:
2293:
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2257:Book production
2252:
2214:
2200:Authors' editor
2185:Literary editor
2133:
2130:
2100:
2095:
2057:
2042:The Philobiblon
1935:
1869:
1808:
1656:
1603:limited edition
1527:
1522:
1464:TeX Users Group
1455:
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1438:
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1396:
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1383:"Typst Website"
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1207:Wayback Machine
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955:
893:
856:Donald E. Knuth
848:
830:
798:Brian Kernighan
794:phototypesetter
782:
776:
708:
679:
633:
631:SCRIPT (markup)
627:
625:SCRIPT variants
581:Aldus PageMaker
577:Apple Macintosh
536:Iowan Old Style
513:Hewlett-Packard
388:
386:
378:offset printing
332:
326:
310:Monotype System
298:
292:
219:body or shank,
190:composing stick
160:letterpress era
156:
150:
145:
143:Pre-digital era
60:composing stick
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
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3694:Cylinder press
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3187:National Fonts
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3132:Web typography
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2590:Color printing
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2524:Capitalization
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2362:Page numbering
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2151:Literary agent
2148:
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2096:
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2055:
2050:
2048:World Book Day
2045:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Book packaging
1971:
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1454:
1453:External links
1451:
1448:
1447:
1419:
1394:
1374:
1350:
1324:
1296:
1285:"SILE Website"
1276:
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1245:
1234:
1223:
1221:, June 6, 1990
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999:Printing press
996:
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986:
981:
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971:
966:
964:Formula editor
961:
954:
951:
908:word processor
892:
889:
872:Leslie Lamport
866:scriptable in
844:Main article:
829:
826:
802:laser printers
778:Main article:
775:
772:
707:
704:
678:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
660:
629:Main article:
626:
623:
619:Adobe InDesign
597:Microsoft Word
540:words per line
451:Pager, Penta,
385:
382:
328:Main article:
325:
322:
294:Main article:
291:
288:
152:Main article:
149:
146:
144:
141:
75:William Caslon
32:Formatted text
26:
9:
6:
4:
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3687:Colt's Armory
3685:
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3672:Jobbing press
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3122:Rasterization
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1138:on 2020-04-15
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828:TeX and LaTeX
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505:Adobe Systems
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40:
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19:
3741:Related arts
3724:Paper cutter
3699:Rotary press
3459:
3437:Zinc etching
3376:Type casting
3368:Movable type
3358:Ways to make
3237:Type foundry
3074:Metric units
3004:Punchcutting
2989:Movable type
2959:Font catalog
2928:
2919:Vertical bar
2656:Word spacing
2626:Figure space
2509:Text figures
2352:Even working
2235:
2210:Copy editing
2040:
2036:Preservation
1952:Book burning
1947:Banned books
1700:Bibliophilia
1685:Bibliography
1636:
1615:advance copy
1598:instant book
1566:Illustration
1549:dust jackets
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1397:
1386:. Retrieved
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1342:. Retrieved
1336:
1327:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1299:
1288:. Retrieved
1279:
1268:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1214:
1195:
1184:. Retrieved
1182:. 2014-01-14
1180:Ars Technica
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1126:(2): 31–36.
1123:
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489:
471:to describe
463:, and IBM's
445:minicomputer
442:
434:Compugraphic
431:
415:
403:
355:
341:
299:
269:
259:to create a
257:papier mâché
249:stereotyping
245:
236:
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228:
224:
223:point size,
220:
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205:
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154:Movable type
122:
116:
112:
107:
97:
96:
78:
56:Movable type
3781:Typesetting
3760:Papermaking
3755:Printmaking
3750:Bookbinding
3651:Hand press
3460:Typesetting
3432:Electrotype
3386:Punchcutter
3360:impressions
3232:Type design
3227:Style guide
3220:Calligraphy
3210:Handwriting
3024:Type design
2974:Lorem ipsum
2969:Letterpress
2929:Typesetting
2869:Punctuation
2833:Record type
2804:Gaelic type
2792:Schwabacher
2682:Body height
2547:Letter case
2415:Line length
2236:Typesetting
2205:Book editor
2141:preparation
1969:Book curses
1845:Netherlands
1715:Bookselling
1690:Bibliomania
1673:Bestsellers
1661:Consumption
1652:Book series
1637:Typesetting
822:open source
786:Joe Ossanna
766:YesLogic's
646:multicolumn
593:WordPerfect
585:QuarkXPress
583:(and later
532:Oscar Wilde
384:Digital era
280:letterpress
168:compositors
129:orthography
98:Typesetting
80:Cyclopaedia
3786:Typography
3775:Categories
3745:Typography
3626:Offset ink
3412:Stereotype
3381:Type metal
3205:Penmanship
3177:East Asian
3019:Type color
2952:monospaced
2909:Interpunct
2902:minus sign
2826:Specialist
2762:Sans-serif
2755:slab serif
2732:Roman type
2687:Cap height
2651:Thin space
2610:Whitespace
2562:Title case
2557:Snake case
2552:Small caps
2537:Camel case
2469:Diacritics
2377:Pull quote
2372:Pagination
2367:Paper size
2326:Typography
2147:Submission
1914:audiobooks
1813:By country
1766:Furniture
1757:Digitizing
1752:Collecting
1742:Censorship
1725:book towns
1610:Publishing
1593:incunabula
1532:Production
1441:2023-07-14
1413:2023-07-14
1388:2023-07-14
1368:2023-07-14
1344:2023-07-14
1318:2023-08-01
1290:2023-08-01
1186:2022-08-07
1142:2012-04-09
1026:References
820:, are now
749:Apache FOP
741:FrameMaker
509:PostScript
496:imposition
492:signatures
449:Datalogics
272:typewriter
265:type metal
227:shoulder,
124:characters
46:Typography
18:Typesetter
3660:Columbian
3505:Furniture
3475:Type case
3396:Wood type
2702:Overshoot
2697:Mean line
2692:Descender
2605:Underline
2447:Character
2425:Runaround
2405:Alignment
2397:Paragraph
1984:Book tour
1957:incidents
1889:miniature
1884:fictional
1770:bookcases
1710:Bookmarks
1625:paperback
1620:hardcover
1132:1841-7833
838:AMS Euler
810:Unix-like
745:Arbortext
686:SCRIPT/VS
546:on 1.4 x
461:Bell Labs
284:artisanal
206:misprints
137:typefaces
106:physical
64:type case
3655:Stanhope
3631:Ink ball
3291:Category
3170:PT Fonts
3165:Cyrillic
3029:Typeface
2947:computer
2848:fat face
2721:Typeface
2707:x-height
2677:Baseline
2672:Ascender
2532:All caps
2494:Rotation
2489:Ligature
2484:Ink trap
2279:Trimming
2264:Printing
2231:Indexing
2219:Prepress
2081:Category
1994:Dog ears
1910:Formats
1906:Grimoire
1899:textbook
1850:Pakistan
1797:literacy
1775:bookends
1694:tsundoku
1578:Printing
1203:Archived
994:Printing
989:Prepress
953:See also
930:Markdown
918:HarfBuzz
698:for the
552:tracking
370:paste up
276:computer
235:groove,
3602:Frisket
3530:Hellbox
3510:Leading
3349:Printer
3117:Hinting
2994:Pangram
2812:Insular
2785:Rotunda
2780:Fraktur
2745:Antiqua
2631:Kerning
2600:Oblique
2595:Italics
2542:Initial
2474:Dingbat
2464:Counter
2410:Leading
2284:Imprint
2274:Binding
2269:Folding
2180:Editing
2172:royalty
2071:Outline
2031:Outline
1940:Related
1880:Genres
1830:Germany
1804:Reviews
1792:Reading
1782:Library
1730:history
1588:history
1583:edition
1561:Editing
1539:Binding
1014:Symbols
959:Dingbat
905:WYSIWYG
897:TeXmacs
885:TeXmacs
757:RenderX
601:H and J
569:WYSIWYG
548:leading
202:dissing
198:sorting
39:Bookset
3665:Albion
3619:Inking
3607:Tympan
3597:Platen
3500:Reglet
3391:Matrix
3160:Arabic
3059:Cicero
2897:Hyphen
2882:Bullet
2843:script
2817:Uncial
2750:Didone
2514:Tittle
2357:Margin
2347:Column
2226:Design
2168:rights
2091:Portal
2004:scroll
1919:Ebooks
1894:pop-up
1825:France
1820:Brazil
1720:blurbs
1668:Awards
1556:Design
1544:Covers
1363:GitHub
1338:GitHub
1130:
1081:, 1976
860:LuaTeX
768:Prince
755:, and
743:, and
730:XSL-FO
667:pages.
544:points
500:Scitex
465:Script
443:Early
423:render
410:I.I.I.
374:plates
366:galley
239:foot.
231:nick,
215:face,
118:glyphs
3525:Forme
3520:Chase
3515:Quoin
3495:Strut
3417:Flong
3084:Point
3054:Agate
2914:Space
2740:Serif
2641:Pitch
2504:Swash
2479:Glyph
2420:River
2026:Novel
2009:codex
1924:Folio
1874:Other
1855:Spain
1840:Japan
1835:Italy
1747:Clubs
1525:Books
1432:(PDF)
1407:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
942:Typst
901:Emacs
864:LaTeX
818:groff
780:Troff
720:DSSSL
459:from
457:troff
261:flong
173:sorts
133:fonts
62:on a
58:on a
3490:Slug
3485:Sort
3182:Thai
3096:Twip
3079:Pica
3034:list
3014:Sort
2942:Font
2887:Dash
2873:List
2585:Bold
2435:runt
2334:Page
2139:Copy
2021:ISBN
1962:Nazi
1735:used
1678:list
1632:Size
1162:BYTE
1128:ISSN
934:Djot
920:and
914:SILE
895:GNU
879:and
850:The
840:font
808:and
806:Unix
712:SGML
700:z/OS
595:and
589:Wang
560:BYTE
511:and
485:HTML
483:and
477:SGML
473:type
453:Atex
438:Agfa
376:for
362:film
347:font
274:and
178:form
164:page
113:sort
111:(or
108:type
102:text
92:sort
3611:Bed
932:or
926:Lua
922:ICU
881:LyX
868:Lua
852:TeX
846:TeX
814:GNU
761:XEP
759:'s
726:XML
612:PDF
603:).
530:by
517:PCL
515:'s
481:XML
421:to
255:or
200:or
3777::
3069:En
3064:Em
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1361:.
1335:.
1311:.
1178:.
1117:.
1059:^
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519:.
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233:3
229:2
225:1
221:c
217:b
213:a
48:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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