39:
56:
86:
363:
93:
63:
388:(also known as Sarlotta Chinnabby or Young Chinnabee), who was the son of the local Creek chief Chinnabee. An additional source cited three Creek warriors bringing word of the attack to Jackson. According to early traditions, the courier avoided detection of the surrounding Red Stick warriors by escaping under the cover of darkness while covered in the skin of a
358:
logs. A contemporary map drawn after the Battle of
Talladega (included on the right side of the article) depicts Fort Leslie's stockade as being formed in a circle. A platform was built around the inside of the palisade so the fort's occupants could fire over the walls. The fort's occupants obtained
379:
Between
November 3 and November 7, Red Stick warriors surrounded Fort Leslie and demanded that the Creek warriors inside should join forces with the Red Sticks or they would be killed and their provisions taken. The siege caused the fort's inhabitants to quickly use up their supplies, and they soon
375:
After the Creek War began, American settlers and allied Creeks gathered inside and around Fort Leslie for protection from any Red Stick aggression. Many of the allied Creeks were from the nearby town of
Talladega. Numbers differ on how many occupants were inside the fort, with some sources stating
314:
on
November 3, 1813. Coffee's force then returned to Fort Strother to aid in the final parts of the fort's construction. After the construction of Fort Strother was completed, news reached Fort Strother that Fort Leslie was under siege by Red Stick warriors and its occupants were requesting
399:
News of the Red Stick attack at Fort Leslie reached
Jackson at Fort Strother some time between November 7 and November 9. Jackson set out from Fort Strother on November 9, intending to rescue the occupants of Fort Leslie. Jackson's force was smaller than he planned due to the General
408:, who participated in the battle, said Fort Leslie was surrounded by 1100 Red Sticks. Even though the main battle did not involve Fort Leslie, some of the American soldiers took refuge inside the fort. Between 300 and 600 allied Creeks and 18 Americans were killed during the battle.
380:
only had a small amount of corn and minimal drinking water. Between
November 7 and November 9, an occupant of Fort Leslie was able to escape and notify Jackson at Fort Strother of the Red Stick siege. Multiple sources identify the courier as James Fife, who was a member of the
376:
there were only 160 people total and other sources stating anywhere from 154 to 180 allied Creek warriors and their families. These numbers do not include the number of any
Americans who may have occupied Fort Leslie.
295:
began attacking settlers, the United States began a military campaign against them. By then, many
American settlers on Creek land had built stockades to protect themselves from Red Stick warriors.
404:
not sending any troops to reinforce Fort
Strother while Jackson would be at Fort Leslie. Jackson's force arrived at Fort Leslie later in the day on November 9 and fought the Battle of Talladega.
462:
The original site of Fort Leslie is unmarked and on private land. Even though the site has been confirmed, most archaeological remains no longer exist at the fort site. In 2024,
1234:
428:
1254:
1259:
951:
Administrative Action Draft
Environmental Impact Statement for Project F-14(7), Western Bypass of the City of Talladega, Talladega County, Alabama
1212:
447:
347:. After hostilities with the Red Sticks began, a protective stockade was constructed around Leslie's trading post and was named for him.
1081:
Sheldon, Craig T. Jr. (2012). "Chapter 11: Archaeology, Geography, and the Creek War in Alabama". In Braund, Kathryn E. Holland (ed.).
1229:
1114:
Accomplishments of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the House of Representatives During the Eighty-Fifth Congress
354:
and Talladega assisted in the fort's construction. The fort was likely square or rectangular and consisted of upright, quartered
446:
The site of Fort Leslie was identified in 1986 using an 1832 survey map made by a Samuel Craig. The map was obtained from the
1133:
1090:
1062:
939:
85:
1185:
1152:
1028:
1009:
988:
967:
440:
55:
120:
1168:
Woodward's Reminiscences of the Creek, or Muscogee Indians, Contained in Letters to Friends in Georgia and Alabama
463:
876:
689:
1244:
302:, traveling south from Tennessee to attack various Red Stick villages. While the militia was building
1249:
451:
343:
prior to moving to the United States. The elder Leslie served as a writer for the famed Creek leader
247:
324:
412:
473:
Fort Lashley Avenue in Talladega is named for Fort Leslie and travels by the site of Fort Leslie.
1162:
432:
393:
311:
1196:
950:
1101:
436:
384:
tribe and later served as a captain in Jackson's army. Other sources identify the messenger as
1052:
999:
396:, who wrote an early history of the Creeks, the hog skin story was a hoax and never occurred.
1123:
1112:
401:
344:
466:
purchased land that contained a portion of the site of Fort Leslie and the former Talladega
1039:
355:
8:
416:
263:
262:
to protect themselves from hostile Creek attacks. Fort Leslie was the focal point of the
231:
1166:
1103:
Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the Fifty-Sixth Congress, First Session
350:
Construction on the protective stockade began in the fall of 1813. Friendly Creeks from
246:(also known as Fort Lashley or Fort Talladega) was a stockade fort built in present-day
1239:
1206:
351:
332:
28:
978:
415:, Jackson ordered captured Red Sticks to be sent to Fort Leslie prior to transport to
38:
1181:
1148:
1129:
1086:
1058:
1024:
1005:
984:
963:
935:
385:
366:
Hand-drawn sketch of the Battle of Talladega. Fort Leslie is labeled as "A" on map.
566:
518:
932:
Forging a Cherokee-American Alliance in the Creek War: From Creation to Betrayal
901:
634:
632:
381:
299:
298:
Part of the campaign against the Red Sticks involved Tennessee militia, led by
1001:
The War of 1812: A Complete Chronology with Biographies of 63 General Officers
1223:
467:
405:
362:
303:
288:
284:
259:
254:. After the Creek War began, protective stockades were built by settlers and
135:
122:
714:
712:
710:
629:
328:
707:
307:
280:
953:(Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation.
292:
617:
389:
251:
235:
1057:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
1046:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
856:
340:
336:
255:
331:
on the site, as he was the principle trader to the Creek town of
1054:
The Seminole Struggle: A History of America's Longest Indian War
729:
727:
948:
902:"Alabama Department of Transportation Right of Way Map Viewer"
638:
429:
United States House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs
1194:
724:
718:
335:. Leslie's father, also named Alexander Leslie, was born in
759:
757:
744:
742:
690:"Site of Talladega's historic Fort Lashley is discovered"
327:
named Alexander Leslie (also spelled Lashley) operated a
1083:
Tohopeka: Rethinking the Creek War & the War of 1812
962:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press.
786:
784:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
543:
541:
539:
832:
266:
but was soon abandoned after the end of the Creek War.
1110:
1099:
1004:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
862:
820:
754:
739:
668:
666:
653:
651:
649:
647:
623:
500:
498:
1235:
Buildings and structures in Talladega County, Alabama
781:
605:
584:
536:
1180:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
1085:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
1023:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
934:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
796:
483:
43:
Historical marker describing the Battle of Talladega
983:. New York, New York: Tom Doherty Associates, LLC.
844:
808:
769:
663:
644:
495:
443:. After the hearings, no further action was taken.
1128:. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press.
431:that proposed making the sites of Fort Strother,
359:water from a nearby spring known as Big Springs.
1221:
291:. In 1813, after a rebel Creek faction known as
283:began, the United States was concerned that the
1072:Nickles, Otis (1888). "Chapter IX: Talladega".
1050:
733:
1145:A Paradise of Blood: The Creek War of 1813–14
1074:Northern Alabama: Historical and Biographical
1255:1813 establishments in Mississippi Territory
1198:Revolutionary Monument at Talladega, Alabama
448:National Archives and Records Administration
1211:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1178:Historic Indian Towns in Alabama, 1540-1838
1171:. Montgomery, Alabama: Barrett and Wimbish.
1117:. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress.
1106:. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress.
949:Federal Highway Administration (May 1978).
1260:Military installations established in 1813
1201:. Washington, D. C.: United States Senate.
1051:Missall, John; Missall, Mary Lou (2020).
683:
681:
1161:
997:
976:
838:
826:
763:
688:Cromer, Marie West (February 18, 1986).
611:
510:
361:
1080:
1071:
1037:
748:
599:
560:
558:
556:
547:
323:Prior to Fort Leslie's construction, a
306:, a force under the command of General
1222:
1175:
1018:
980:David Crockett: Hero of the Common Man
957:
802:
790:
687:
678:
504:
489:
1195:56th Congress, First Session (1900).
1121:
929:
814:
672:
1147:. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme.
1142:
906:Alabama Department of Transportation
850:
775:
657:
553:
874:
639:Federal Highway Administration 1978
427:In 1958, hearings were held by the
92:
62:
16:American historical site in Alabama
13:
1076:. Smith & DeLand. p. 447.
516:
215:Alexander Leslie and allied Creeks
14:
1271:
881:www.archaeologicalconservancy.org
719:56th Congress, First Session 1900
564:
1230:Pre-statehood history of Alabama
1044:Correspondence of Andrew Jackson
91:
84:
61:
54:
37:
1111:United States Congress (1958).
1100:United States Congress (1900).
894:
868:
370:
318:
977:Groneman, William III (2005).
464:The Archaeological Conservancy
1:
1125:Lost Towns of Central Alabama
1122:Walls, Peggy Jackson (2021).
476:
274:
105:Show map of the United States
1176:Wright, Amos J. Jr. (2003).
7:
863:United States Congress 1958
624:United States Congress 1900
10:
1276:
1019:Harris, W. Stuart (1977).
923:
734:Missall & Missall 2020
457:
422:
269:
1038:Jackson, Andrew (1926) .
958:Foscue, Virginia (1989).
315:assistance from Jackson.
258:who were allied with the
248:Talladega County, Alabama
227:
219:
211:
203:
198:
190:
180:
172:
164:
159:
151:
114:
48:
36:
26:
21:
930:Abram, Susan M. (2015).
519:"Creek War of 1813-1814"
413:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
571:Encyclopedia of Alabama
523:Encyclopedia of Alabama
450:with the assistance of
394:Thomas Simpson Woodward
312:Battle of Tallushatchee
998:Hannings, Bud (2012).
960:Place Names in Alabama
877:"A Fort and a Furnace"
367:
1143:Weir, Howard (2016).
1040:Bassett, John Spencer
1021:Dead Towns of Alabama
567:"Battle of Talladega"
365:
345:Alexander McGillivray
250:, in 1813 during the
136:33.42167°N 86.11194°W
31:in United States
194:Site on private land
264:Battle of Talladega
232:Battle of Talladega
141:33.42167; -86.11194
132: /
75:Show map of Alabama
565:Lewis, Herbert J.
441:national monuments
439:, and Fort Leslie
368:
173:Controlled by
29:Talladega, Alabama
1245:War of 1812 forts
1135:978-1-43967-305-8
1092:978-0-7864-6385-5
1064:978-1-68334-059-1
941:978-0-8173-1875-8
517:Braund, Kathryn.
386:Selocta Chinnabby
241:
240:
1267:
1250:Forts in Alabama
1216:
1210:
1202:
1191:
1172:
1163:Woodward, Thomas
1158:
1139:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1077:
1068:
1047:
1034:
1015:
994:
973:
954:
945:
917:
916:
914:
912:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
875:Mattson, Nikki.
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
779:
773:
767:
761:
752:
746:
737:
731:
722:
716:
705:
704:
702:
700:
685:
676:
670:
661:
655:
642:
636:
627:
626:, pp. 2906.
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
582:
581:
579:
577:
562:
551:
545:
534:
533:
531:
529:
514:
508:
502:
493:
487:
352:Chinnabee's town
287:might ally with
160:Site information
147:
146:
144:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
106:
95:
94:
88:
76:
65:
64:
58:
41:
32:
19:
18:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1220:
1219:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1155:
1136:
1093:
1065:
1031:
1012:
991:
970:
942:
926:
921:
920:
910:
908:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
873:
869:
861:
857:
853:, pp. 422.
849:
845:
841:, pp. 170.
837:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
797:
793:, pp. 146.
789:
782:
778:, pp. 222.
774:
770:
762:
755:
751:, pp. 348.
747:
740:
732:
725:
717:
708:
698:
696:
686:
679:
671:
664:
660:, pp. 221.
656:
645:
641:, pp. 134.
637:
630:
622:
618:
610:
606:
602:, pp. 447.
598:
585:
575:
573:
563:
554:
550:, pp. 211.
546:
537:
527:
525:
515:
511:
503:
496:
492:, pp. 134.
488:
484:
479:
460:
425:
392:. According to
373:
321:
277:
272:
183:the public
182:
140:
138:
134:
131:
126:
123:
121:
119:
118:
110:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
101:
100:
96:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
70:
66:
44:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1218:
1217:
1192:
1186:
1173:
1159:
1153:
1140:
1134:
1119:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1035:
1029:
1016:
1010:
995:
989:
974:
968:
955:
946:
940:
925:
922:
919:
918:
893:
867:
865:, pp. 40.
855:
843:
831:
829:, pp. 77.
819:
817:, pp. 16.
807:
805:, pp. 74.
795:
780:
768:
766:, pp. 52.
753:
738:
736:, pp. 36.
723:
706:
694:The Daily Home
677:
675:, pp. 64.
662:
643:
628:
616:
614:, pp. 62.
604:
583:
552:
535:
509:
507:, pp. 43.
494:
481:
480:
478:
475:
459:
456:
424:
421:
372:
369:
320:
317:
300:Andrew Jackson
276:
273:
271:
268:
239:
238:
229:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
116:
112:
111:
98:
97:
90:
89:
83:
82:
81:
80:
68:
67:
60:
59:
53:
52:
51:
50:
49:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1272:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1187:0-8173-1251-X
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:1-59416-270-0
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1030:0-8173-1125-4
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1011:0-8173-1125-4
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
990:0-765-31067-8
986:
982:
981:
975:
971:
969:0-8173-0410-X
965:
961:
956:
952:
947:
943:
937:
933:
928:
927:
907:
903:
897:
882:
878:
871:
864:
859:
852:
847:
840:
839:Hannings 2012
835:
828:
827:Woodward 1859
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
792:
787:
785:
777:
772:
765:
764:Groneman 2005
760:
758:
750:
745:
743:
735:
730:
728:
721:, pp. 2.
720:
715:
713:
711:
695:
691:
684:
682:
674:
669:
667:
659:
654:
652:
650:
648:
640:
635:
633:
625:
620:
613:
612:Woodward 1859
608:
601:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
572:
568:
561:
559:
557:
549:
544:
542:
540:
528:September 11,
524:
520:
513:
506:
501:
499:
491:
486:
482:
474:
471:
469:
468:Blast Furnace
465:
455:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:Fort Williams
430:
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
406:Davy Crockett
403:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
377:
364:
360:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
339:and moved to
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
313:
309:
305:
304:Fort Strother
301:
296:
294:
290:
289:Great Britain
286:
285:Creek Indians
282:
267:
265:
261:
260:United States
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
212:Built by
210:
206:
202:
197:
193:
189:
185:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
155:Stockade fort
154:
150:
145:
117:
113:
87:
57:
47:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
1197:
1177:
1167:
1144:
1124:
1113:
1102:
1082:
1073:
1053:
1043:
1020:
1000:
979:
959:
931:
909:. Retrieved
905:
896:
884:. Retrieved
880:
870:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
798:
771:
749:Jackson 1926
697:. Retrieved
693:
619:
607:
600:Nickles 1888
574:. Retrieved
570:
548:Sheldon 2012
526:. Retrieved
522:
512:
485:
472:
461:
452:Bill Nichols
445:
437:Fort Jackson
426:
410:
398:
378:
374:
371:Military use
349:
329:trading post
322:
319:Construction
297:
278:
243:
242:
228:Battles/wars
199:Site history
181:Open to
911:19 February
803:Wright 2003
791:Wright 2003
699:19 February
576:17 February
505:Harris 1977
490:Foscue 1989
402:James White
310:fought the
308:John Coffee
281:War of 1812
244:Fort Leslie
220:In use
139: /
115:Coordinates
99:Fort Leslie
69:Fort Leslie
22:Fort Leslie
1224:Categories
815:Walls 2021
673:Abram 2015
477:References
417:Huntsville
411:After the
293:Red Sticks
275:Background
127:86°06′43″W
124:33°25′18″N
1240:Creek War
1207:cite book
851:Weir 2016
776:Weir 2016
658:Weir 2016
333:Talladega
279:Once the
252:Creek War
236:Creek War
223:1813-1814
191:Condition
1165:(1859).
886:18 April
390:wild hog
341:Barbados
337:Scotland
1042:(ed.).
924:Sources
458:Present
423:Postwar
382:Natchez
270:History
176:Private
168:Private
1184:
1151:
1132:
1089:
1061:
1027:
1008:
987:
966:
938:
256:Creeks
356:cedar
325:métis
204:Built
165:Owner
1213:link
1182:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1006:ISBN
985:ISBN
964:ISBN
936:ISBN
913:2022
888:2024
701:2022
578:2022
530:2021
207:1813
152:Type
470:.
1226::
1209:}}
1205:{{
904:.
879:.
783:^
756:^
741:^
726:^
709:^
692:.
680:^
665:^
646:^
631:^
586:^
569:.
555:^
538:^
521:.
497:^
454:.
435:,
419:.
234:,
186:No
1215:)
1190:.
1157:.
1138:.
1095:.
1067:.
1033:.
1014:.
993:.
972:.
944:.
915:.
890:.
703:.
580:.
532:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
