129:
102:
342:
1930:
1918:
434:
have an outgrowth with main trunk and side branches at the propodium. The eyes are situated on rudimentary pedicels at their outer bases. The sides are ornamented with short cirri. There are two, symmetrical branchial plumes . The anal siphon occupies the anterior notch or perforated summit of the
405:
cavity. The water enters under the edge of the shell near the head and passes over large paired gills. Most young species in this family have a marginal slit in the middle of the anterior end of the spiral shell. Some species possess just a short internal groove at the anterior end. The paired
409:
The soft body consists of a well-developed head, a short muzzle. It has a broad and flat foot and a well-developed mantle. This foot exerts a strong suction, adhering the keyhole limpet to its hard substratum. The mantle extends in some species partly or completely (as in
1812:
Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family
Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates
377:
This conical shape and the low profile of the shell allow keyhole limpets to withstand wave attack on exposed rocks to which they attach firmly with their strong, muscular foot.
367:
Keyhole limpets somewhat resemble true limpets because of the simple conical shape of their shells, but in reality they are not closely related to true limpets, which are in the
1826:
1740:
1859:"Propodial elaboration in Southern African and Indian Ocean Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia) with description of two new genera and one new species"
438:
In addition to the possession of this hole, slit or groove, keyhole limpets differ in several other ways both internally and externally from true limpets.
1728:
Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny.
1908:
Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny
1858:
401:
or subapical perforation ("keyhole"). This opening at the top allows a direct exit of exhalant water currents together with waste products from the
2395:
1575:
2107:
2326:
2146:
1651:
Tryon G. W. 1873. American marine conchology: or, Descriptions of the shells of the
Atlantic coast of the United States from Maine to Florida
556:
This classification was based by
Bouchet & Rocroi on the studies by Keen (in Moore) (1960), Christiaens (1973) and McMean (1984).
1836:
Murdock, Gordon R.; Steven Vogel (1978). "Hydrodynamic induction of water flow through a keyhole limpet (gastropoda, fissurellidae)".
2081:
2300:
2120:
1914:
Miocene
Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
1708:
J.H. McLean (1984). "Shell reduction and loss in fissurellids : a review of genera and species in the
Fissurellidea group".
380:
The shell may vary in color and pattern. The shell has a reticulate (= net-like) structure with strong radial ribs and lacks an
1546:
1493:
2305:
2125:
1765:
309:
Their common name derives from the small hole in the apex of their cone-like shells. Although superficially resembling
559:
Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) then raised the tribe
Diodorini to the status of subfamily Diodorinae.
1823:
1744:
1639:
2362:
2331:
2205:
454:
feeders. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by controlling the growth of algae on rocky substrates.
2151:
1934:
1505:"Molecular phylogeny of Vetigastropoda reveals non-monophyletic Scissurellidae, Trochoidea, and Fissurelloidea"
2313:
2133:
814:
1889:
128:
2400:
2274:
2029:
2006:
1623:
1036:
719:
2034:
2367:
2161:
1466:
205:
2252:
1102:
670:
2210:
1984:
1589:
2390:
2344:
2187:
1946:
1206:
870:
827:
791:
606:
598:
1568:
2354:
2339:
2182:
2112:
1044:
768:
706:
665:
611:
381:
2197:
2174:
2261:
2055:
1993:
1662:
Herbert, David G. (1991). "Foraminiferivory in a
Puncturella (Gastropoda, Fissurellidae)".
1602:
Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and
Nomenclator of Gastropod Families".
1588:
Rosenberg, G. (2012). Fissurellidae. Accessed through: World
Register of Marine Species at
573:
8:
1504:
732:
390:
2266:
1881:
1556:
1000:
883:
278:
123:
115:
2279:
1998:
2287:
2169:
2042:
2011:
1885:
1849:
1650:
1635:
1542:
1489:
937:
745:
371:
321:
The distribution of fissurellids is worldwide, from cold waters to tropical waters.
2292:
2047:
1873:
1845:
1671:
1156:
1126:
1059:
992:
855:
763:
693:
678:
634:
430:
420:
402:
281:
2237:
1830:
776:
418:(the lateral grooves between foot and mantle) are well developed. The species in
351:
346:
330:
110:
2318:
2138:
1969:
1769:
1087:
398:
303:
293:
180:
1675:
2384:
1922:
1631:
1322:
1274:
1165:
967:
957:
947:
927:
753:
727:
593:
525:
516:
59:
1913:
1394:
901:
845:
835:
740:
652:
619:
484:
406:
organs in the mantle cavity represent a primitive condition in gastropods.
387:
The shell ranges from 3 mm to 13.2 cm. The great keyhole limpet
2246:
2094:
2021:
1978:
1440:
1382:
1346:
1192:
1182:
1170:
1135:
1021:
977:
919:
914:
906:
878:
822:
657:
463:
310:
266:
190:
34:
1370:
1310:
1228:
891:
799:
786:
714:
701:
642:
547:
538:
507:
240:
228:
170:
79:
44:
2099:
2068:
1877:
1077:
1010:
987:
865:
629:
296:
289:
140:
84:
2086:
1940:
101:
2231:
2073:
1963:
1790:
Palmer, KatherineV.W. (1942). "Substitutes for
Moluccan homonyms".
1406:
1067:
809:
488:
451:
425:
356:
160:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
1921:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1452:
1298:
1262:
1250:
1216:
1152:
1097:
688:
446:
Keyhole limpets are in essence herbivorous, feeding primarily on
341:
299:
89:
64:
1929:
1428:
1358:
1334:
1286:
1140:
1054:
1031:
583:
476:
468:
360:
285:
150:
1590:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111
329:
Fissurellids live in habitats on and under rocks in the lower
2060:
368:
487:. They are also prey for various marine animals, including
447:
397:
For respiration, the shells of fissurellids have a single
1601:
1537:
Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. (2008).
1689:
J. Christiaens (1973). "Les fissurelles européennes".
1502:
1835:
1856:
1857:McLean, James H.; R.N. Kilburn (September 1986).
1486:Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe
428:tentacles at the propodium, while the species in
2382:
1530:
567:Genera within the family Fissurellidae include:
313:, they are in fact not closely related to them.
1906:Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011)
1726:Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011)
1691:Informations de la Société Belge de Malacologie
1688:
1824:Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae
1541:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1483:
1707:
1783:
1682:
100:
1838:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
1574:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1503:Geiger, Daniel L.; Christine E. Thacker.
1619:
1617:
1536:
1488:. Oxford University Press. p. 500.
340:
2396:Taxa named by John Fleming (naturalist)
1661:
1539:Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca
1122:Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of
414:) over the shell. The tentacles at the
2383:
1789:
1484:P.J. Hayward, and J.S. Ryland (1996).
1945:
1944:
1701:
1614:
1477:
2162:1ecaa0f7-d667-4423-b5e1-40780f226657
1582:
336:
1523:
13:
1806:
14:
2412:
1817:
1741:"Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets)"
441:
1928:
1916:
1910:. Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259.
127:
32:
16:Family of limpet-like sea snails
1758:
1733:
1710:American Malacological Bulletin
491:and some mollusk-eating birds.
394:) measures up to 13.2 cm.
316:
1720:
1655:
1644:
1632:William Collins Publishers Ltd
1595:
535:Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
1:
1730:Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259
1634:, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
1472:
1450:P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of
1356:P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of
1344:P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of
1332:Blainville, 1817: synonym of
1850:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90102-0
1248:Carpenter, 1857: synonym of
1112:Genera brought into synonymy
475:has been reported to digest
467:are carnivorous, feeding on
457:A few species in the genera
7:
1460:
1380:T. Brown, 1827: synonym of
1296:H. Adams, 1870: synonym of
1238:Swainson, 1840: synonym of
494:
10:
2417:
1438:Iredale, 1924: synonym of
1416:Iredale, 1924: synonym of
1284:Iredale, 1937: synonym of
1272:Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of
1260:Beddome, 1883: synonym of
324:
2221:
1953:
1467:Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
1368:Crosse, 1867: synonym of
1308:Cotton, 1957: synonym of
1226:Cotton, 1945: synonym of
1026:Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
972:McLean & Geiger, 1998
850:McLean & Geiger, 1998
647:McLean & Geiger, 1998
624:McLean & Geiger, 1998
562:
284:of small to medium-sized
253:
248:
234:
227:
124:Scientific classification
122:
108:
99:
23:
1866:Contributions in Science
1392:Issel, 1869: synonym of
860:Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
683:Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
1792:Journal of Paleontology
1676:10.1093/mollus/57.1.127
1426:Gray, 1857: synonym of
1418:Emarginula (Subzeidora)
1404:Gray, 1847: synonym of
1320:Wenz, 1938: synonym of
1150:Gray, 1857: synonym of
533:Subfamily Hemitominae
481:Puncturella aethiopica
364:
2340:Paleobiology Database
2183:Paleobiology Database
499:Family Fissurellidae
344:
1937:at Wikimedia Commons
1628:New Zealand Mollusca
1168:, 1826 : synonym of
1062:in Dieffenbach, 1843
781:Habe In Kuroda, 1953
1195:, 1924: synonym of
1138:, 1940: synonym of
1017:(taxon inquerendum)
412:Megathura crenulata
391:Megathura crenulata
249:Genera and species
2401:Gastropod families
1829:2010-03-27 at the
1567:has generic name (
1512:Molluscan Research
1478:General references
804:J. H. McLean, 1970
365:
333:to deeper waters.
116:Diodora cayenensis
2378:
2377:
2170:Open Tree of Life
1947:Taxon identifiers
1933:Media related to
1664:J. Molluscan Stud
1548:978-0-520-25092-5
1495:978-0-19-854055-7
1220:
1210:
1106:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1050:
1040:
1027:
1016:
1006:
996:
983:
973:
963:
953:
943:
933:
923:
910:
897:
887:
874:
861:
851:
841:
831:
818:
805:
795:
794:and McGinty, 1952
782:
772:
759:
749:
736:
723:
710:
697:
684:
674:
661:
648:
638:
625:
615:
602:
589:
579:
578:Monterosato, 1892
552:
543:
536:
530:
521:
512:
502:
372:Patellogastropoda
337:Shell description
260:
259:
223:
209:
2408:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2322:
2321:
2319:NHMSYS0021056409
2309:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2141:
2139:NHMSYS0021056410
2129:
2128:
2116:
2115:
2103:
2102:
2090:
2089:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2038:
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2025:
2024:
2015:
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2002:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1920:
1919:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1888:. Archived from
1878:10.5962/p.208123
1863:
1853:
1800:
1799:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1768:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1743:. Archived from
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1659:
1653:
1648:
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1611:
1599:
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1580:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1534:
1524:Inline citations
1519:
1509:
1499:
1254:J. E. Gray, 1821
1242:J. E. Gray, 1821
1215:
1205:
1199:J. E. Gray, 1821
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1058:
1048:
1035:
1025:
1014:
1004:
995:In Sowerby, 1835
991:
982:R. T. Lowe, 1827
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
918:
905:
895:
882:
869:
859:
856:Medusafissurella
849:
839:
826:
813:
803:
790:
780:
767:
757:
744:
731:
718:
705:
692:
682:
679:Dendrofissurella
669:
656:
646:
633:
623:
610:
597:
587:
577:
550:
541:
534:
528:
520:Children, 1834
519:
510:
500:
483:feeds mainly on
431:Dendrofissurella
421:Medusafissurella
331:intertidal zones
221:
204:
132:
131:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2381:
2380:
2379:
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2273:
2265:
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2251:
2250:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1949:
1917:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1861:
1831:Wayback Machine
1820:
1809:
1807:Further reading
1804:
1803:
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1734:
1725:
1721:
1706:
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1687:
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1660:
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1649:
1645:
1624:Powell A. W. B.
1622:
1615:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1507:
1496:
1480:
1475:
1463:
1278:d'Orbigny, 1839
1109:
777:Laeviemarginula
565:
529:Fleming, 1822
501:Fleming, 1822
497:
450:, but are also
444:
352:Diodora italica
339:
327:
319:
271:keyhole limpets
244:
238:
220:
203:
126:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
30:Triassic–Recent
29:
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25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2359:
2349:
2336:
2323:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2280:Fissurelloidea
2271:
2267:Fissurelloidea
2258:
2253:Fissurelloidea
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2227:
2225:
2223:Fissurelloidea
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2216:
2215:
2202:
2192:
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2156:
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2130:
2117:
2104:
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2065:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1975:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1911:
1904:
1854:
1844:(2): 227–231.
1833:
1819:
1818:External links
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1456:A. Adams, 1860
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1410:Swainson, 1840
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1362:Montfort, 1810
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1338:Montfort, 1810
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1302:A. Adams, 1860
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1290:Montfort, 1810
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1144:Montfort, 1810
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1088:Variemarginula
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1005:DeFrance, 1827
997:
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493:
479:and detritus.
443:
442:Feeding habits
440:
424:have numerous
338:
335:
326:
323:
318:
315:
311:"true" limpets
304:Vetigastropoda
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2012:Fissurellidae
2008:
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1995:
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1980:
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1961:
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1955:Fissurellidae
1952:
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1935:Fissurellidae
1931:
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1895:on 2010-07-21
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1425:
1422:
1420:Iredale, 1924
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:Subemarginula
1400:
1398:Iredale, 1929
1397:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1374:Lamarck, 1801
1373:
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1367:
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1350:Iredale, 1915
1349:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1326:Strebel, 1907
1325:
1324:
1323:Parmaphorella
1319:
1318:Parmophoridea
1316:
1314:Lamarck, 1801
1313:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1295:
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1275:Fissurellidea
1271:
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1232:Lamarck, 1801
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1214:
1211:: synonym of
1208:
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1198:
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1184:
1180:: synonym of
1179:
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1128:
1125:
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1120:Austroglyphis
1118:
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1082:Iredale, 1958
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968:Profundisepta
965:
962:Strebel, 1907
960:
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955:
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948:Octomarginula
945:
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925:
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840:Sowerby, 1839
838:
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549:
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540:
537:: synonym of
532:
527:
526:Fissurellinae
523:
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517:Emarginulinae
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263:Fissurellidae
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222:Fleming, 1822
219:
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22:
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1907:
1897:. Retrieved
1890:the original
1869:
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1770:the original
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1511:
1485:
1451:
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1439:
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1427:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1395:Montfortista
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1342:Plagiorhytis
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1270:Megatebennus
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1162:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1096:
1092:McLean, 2011
1086:
1076:
1066:
1053:
1043:
1030:
1020:
1009:
999:
986:
976:
966:
956:
952:McLean, 2011
946:
936:
926:
913:
902:Montfortista
900:
896:Récluz, 1843
890:
877:
864:
854:
846:Manganesepta
844:
836:Macroschisma
834:
821:
808:
798:
785:
775:
762:
758:McLean, 2011
752:
741:Fissurisepta
739:
726:
713:
700:
687:
677:
664:
653:Cosmetalepas
651:
641:
628:
620:Clathrosepta
618:
605:
592:
588:Palmer, 1942
582:
572:
566:
558:
555:
511:Odhner, 1932
498:
485:Foraminifera
480:
472:
462:
458:
456:
445:
437:
429:
419:
415:
411:
408:
396:
388:
386:
379:
376:
366:
350:
328:
320:
317:Distribution
308:
275:slit limpets
274:
270:
262:
261:
254:
235:
217:
200:
114:
18:
2247:Wikispecies
2095:iNaturalist
1979:Wikispecies
1604:Malacologia
1518:(1): 47–55.
1441:Puncturella
1383:Puncturella
1347:Montfortula
1330:Parmophorus
1282:Nannoscutum
1203:Emarginella
1183:Puncturella
1171:Puncturella
1049:Berry, 1954
1022:Scelidotoma
978:Puncturella
942:Adams, 1870
915:Montfortula
879:Monodilepas
823:Lucapinella
473:Puncturella
464:Emarginella
267:common name
191:Lepetellida
109:A group of
2385:Categories
1899:2010-07-19
1776:2007-11-02
1751:2007-01-21
1697:(1): 3–16.
1473:References
1444:Lowe, 1827
1432:Gray, 1843
1414:Subzeidora
1390:Siphonella
1386:Lowe, 1827
1371:Emarginula
1311:Emarginula
1236:Fissuridea
1229:Emarginula
1213:Emarginula
1186:Lowe, 1827
1174:Lowe, 1827
1072:Habe, 1953
932:Habe, 1961
892:Montfortia
800:Leurolepas
787:Laevinesta
715:Fissurella
702:Emarginula
643:Cornisepta
607:Buchanania
551:Naef, 1913
548:Zeidorinae
546:Subfamily
542:Naef, 1913
539:Zeidorinae
524:Subfamily
515:Subfamily
508:Diodorinae
506:Subfamily
290:sea snails
241:J. E. Gray
229:Type genus
177:Subclass:
171:Gastropoda
2238:Q18214762
1886:135095660
1798:(5): 674.
1557:cite book
1306:Notomella
1258:Legrandia
1224:Entomella
1190:Elegidion
1133:Aviscutum
1078:Vacerrena
1045:Stromboli
1011:Rimulanax
988:Pupillaea
866:Megathura
733:d'Orbigny
720:Bruguière
666:Cranopsis
630:Clypidina
416:epipodium
382:operculum
355:from the
345:A fossil
297:gastropod
279:taxonomic
255:See text
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
2232:Wikidata
2019:BioLib:
1970:Q1043930
1964:Wikidata
1872:: 1–12.
1827:Archived
1716:: 21–34.
1461:See also
1407:Hemitoma
1366:Semperia
1178:Cremoria
1148:Capiluna
1103:A. Adams
1068:Tugalina
1037:Montfort
810:Lucapina
769:Swainson
764:Hemitoma
746:Seguenza
574:Agariste
495:Taxonomy
489:starfish
452:detritus
426:subequal
357:Pliocene
300:molluscs
214:Family:
161:Mollusca
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
2355:7203708
1453:Zeidora
1436:Vacerra
1424:Tugalia
1299:Zeidora
1263:Zeidora
1251:Diodora
1246:Glyphis
1240:Diodora
1217:Lamarck
1207:Pilsbry
1197:Diodora
1193:Iredale
1163:Cemoria
1153:Diodora
1136:Iredale
1124:Diodora
1098:Zeidora
920:Iredale
907:Iredale
871:Pilsbry
828:Pilsbry
815:Sowerby
792:Pilsbry
707:Lamarck
689:Diodora
658:Iredale
599:Pilsbry
477:diatoms
469:sponges
459:Diodora
435:shell.
325:Habitat
277:, is a
236:Diodora
206:Fleming
187:Order:
167:Class:
2368:156486
2352:uBio:
2332:216278
2306:331047
2198:499471
2195:uBio:
2175:335843
2159:NZOR:
2113:105502
2074:1FISSF
1884:
1766:"ITIS"
1638:
1610:(1–2).
1545:
1492:
1448:Zidora
1429:Tugali
1359:Scutus
1354:Scutum
1335:Scutus
1287:Scutus
1219:, 1801
1209:, 1890
1159:, 1821
1141:Scutus
1129:, 1821
1105:, 1860
1055:Tugali
1039:, 1810
1032:Scutus
1001:Rimula
922:, 1915
909:, 1929
886:, 1927
884:Finlay
873:, 1890
830:, 1890
817:, 1835
771:, 1840
748:, 1863
735:, 1841
722:, 1789
709:, 1801
696:, 1821
673:, 1860
660:, 1924
637:, 1847
614:, 1830
612:Lesson
601:, 1890
584:Altrix
563:Genera
403:mantle
399:apical
361:Cyprus
294:marine
288:-like
286:limpet
282:family
243:, 1821
208:, 1822
111:shells
2363:WoRMS
2345:60371
2293:7NFNL
2206:WoRMS
2188:60369
2152:54986
2126:69510
2108:IRMNG
2100:48646
2048:7NHLM
2022:24387
1893:(PDF)
1882:S2CID
1862:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1378:Sipho
1294:Nesta
1166:Risso
938:Nesta
671:Adams
448:algae
369:clade
347:shell
2327:NCBI
2301:ITIS
2147:NCBI
2121:ITIS
2087:6810
2082:GBIF
2069:EPPO
2061:2379
2030:BOLD
1636:ISBN
1576:link
1569:help
1543:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1157:Gray
1127:Gray
1060:Gray
993:Gray
694:Gray
635:Gray
461:and
273:and
269:the
35:PreꞒ
2314:NBN
2288:CoL
2275:AFD
2262:ADW
2211:111
2134:NBN
2056:EoL
2043:CoL
2035:484
2007:AFD
1994:ADW
1874:doi
1870:379
1846:doi
1813:pp.
1672:doi
384:.
374:.
359:of
349:of
113:of
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1616:^
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1561::
1559:}}
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389:(
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90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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