Invasion of Poland

4845: 4793: 4108: 4947: 4151:, about 40 km (25 mi) north-west of Pułtusk, and was pivoting on Płońsk. At one stage, the Poles were driven from Pułtusk, and the Germans threatened to turn the Polish flank and thrust on to the Vistula and Warsaw. Pułtusk, however, was regained in the face of withering German fire. Many German tanks were captured after a German attack had pierced the line, but the Polish defenders outflanked them. By 8 September, one of Reichenau's armoured corps, having advanced 225 km (140 mi) during the first week of the campaign, reached the outskirts of Warsaw. Light divisions on Reichenau's right were on the Vistula between Warsaw and the town of 4576:

brothels. Nazi raids in many Polish cities captured young women and girls, who were then forced to work in the brothels frequented by German officers and soldiers. Girls as young as 15 years old, who were classified as "fit for agricultural work in Germany", were sexually exploited by German soldiers at their destination. On the Soviet side, similar events took place. The issue, with Russian soldiers raping even the women of their supposed allies, was raised with Stalin, who did not realize that it was not understood that "a soldier, who has crossed thousands of kilometers through blood and fire and death, has fun with a woman or takes some trifle".

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following the Polish campaign, Adolf Hitler presented these German figures: 10,576 KIA, 30,222 WIA, and 3,400 MIA. According to early Allied estimates, including those of the Polish government-in-exile, the number of German KIA casualties was 90,000 and WIA casualties was 200,000 Equipment losses are given as 832 German tanks with approximately 236 to 341 as irrecoverable losses and approximately 319 other armored vehicles as irrecoverable losses (including 165 Panzerspähwagen – of them 101 as irrecoverable losses) 522–561 German planes (including 246–285 destroyed and 276 damaged), 1 German minelayer (M-85) and 1 German torpedo ship ("Tiger")

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making road transportation for Polish troops very difficult. The propaganda also had some negative consequences for the Polish troops themselves, whose communications, disrupted by German mobile units operating in the rear and civilians blocking roads, were further thrown into chaos by bizarre reports from Polish radio stations and newspapers, which often reported imaginary victories and other military operations. That led to some Polish troops being encircled or taking a stand against overwhelming odds when they thought they were actually counterattacking or would soon receive reinforcements from other victorious areas.

5017: 3251:. When the ambassador requested a copy of the proposals for transmission to the Polish government, Ribbentrop refused, on the grounds that the requested Polish representative had failed to arrive by midnight. When Polish Ambassador Lipski went to see Ribbentrop later on 31 August to indicate that Poland was favorably disposed to negotiations, he announced that he did not have the full power to sign, and Ribbentrop dismissed him. It was then broadcast that Poland had rejected Germany's offer, and negotiations with Poland came to an end. Hitler issued orders for the invasion to commence soon afterwards. 3722: 4738: 751: 401: 251: 721: 693: 389: 377: 365: 353: 341: 327: 313: 237: 949: 936: 924: 912: 900: 888: 876: 864: 852: 662: 650: 638: 626: 614: 602: 589: 574: 560: 281: 3563: 3914: 3466: 4293: 4861:

suspected friend. The difference is actually not as great as it might seem. The Russians mobilized a very large force and showed that they were able to move quickly and far from their pre-war positions. They now border on Germany, and the latter is completely unable to expose the Eastern front. A large German army will have to be left behind to monitor it. As far as I know, General Hamelin estimates its strength at least 20 divisions, but there may well be 25 or even more. Therefore, the Eastern front potentially exists.

5112: 4389:. The Soviet invasion was one of the decisive factors that convinced the Polish government that the war in Poland was lost. Before the Soviet attack from the east, the Polish military's plan had called for long-term defence against Germany in south-eastern Poland and to await relief from an attack by the Western Allies on Germany's western border. However, the Polish government refused to surrender or to negotiate peace with Germany. Instead, it ordered all units to evacuate Poland and to reorganize in France. 12784: 4035: 3993: 12904: 3305:. On 31 August, Hitler ordered hostilities against Poland to start at 4:45 the next morning. However, partly because of the earlier stoppage, Poland finally managed to mobilize only about 70% of its planned forces (only about 900,000 of 1,350,000 soldiers planned to mobilize in first order), and because of that many units were still forming or moving to their designated frontline positions. The late mobilization reduced combat capability of the Polish Army by about 1/3. 3222: 12913: 4179: 4393: 12925: 3631: 71: 4456:

perfidious—well, the English ought to know. I believe England thinks this co-operation perfidious because the co-operation of democratic England with bolshevist Russia failed, while National Socialist Germany's attempt with Soviet Russia succeeded. Poland never will rise again in the form of the Versailles treaty. That is guaranteed not only by Germany, but also guaranteed by Russia. – Adolf Hitler, 19 September 1939

4416:, the second-largest battle of the campaign. Lwów capitulated on 22 September because of the Soviet intervention; the city had been attacked by the Germans over a week earlier, and in the middle of the siege, the German troops handed operations over to their Soviet allies. Despite a series of intensifying German attacks, Warsaw, defended by quickly-reorganized retreating units, civilian volunteers and 3969:

material superiority of the enemy and, also assumed the defensive character of Polish operations. The Polish intentions were defending the western regions that were judged as indispensable for waging the war, taking advantage of the propitious conditions for counterattacks by reserve units and avoiding it from being smashed before the beginning of Franco-British operations in Western Europe. The

3622:; the sale of 150 Spitfires asked by the Polish government was rejected by the Air Ministry). Despite the fact that some of the airplanes had been shipped to Poland (the first transport of purchased aircraft on the ship "Lassel" sailed from Liverpool on 28 August), none of them would take part in combat. In late 1938, the Polish Air Force also ordered 300 advanced 3066:, running through the Polish Corridor. Poland rejected this proposal, fearing that after accepting these demands, it would become increasingly subject to the will of Germany and eventually lose its independence as the Czechs had. Polish leaders also distrusted Hitler. The British were also wary of Germany's increasing strength and assertiveness threatening its 3783:, would have had the armour punching holes in the enemy's front and ranging deep into rear areas, but the campaign in Poland would be fought along more traditional lines. That stemmed from conservatism on the part of the German High Command, which mainly restricted the role of armour and mechanized forces to supporting the conventional infantry divisions. 3175:, Germany neutralized the possibility of Soviet opposition to a campaign against Poland and war became imminent. In fact, the Soviets agreed not to aid France or the UK in the event of their going to war with Germany over Poland and, in a secret protocol of the pact, the Germans and the Soviets agreed to divide Eastern Europe, including Poland, into two 4774:

system ... We can manoeuvre, pit one side against the other to set them fighting with each other as fiercely as possible ... The annihilation of Poland would mean one fewer bourgeois fascist state to contend with! What would be the harm if as a result of the rout of Poland we were to extend the socialist system onto new territories and populations?

4234:, retreating from the border area of the Polish Corridor, attacked the flank of the advancing German 8th Army, but the counterattack failed despite initial success. After the defeat, Poland lost its ability to take the initiative and counterattack on a large scale. The German air power was instrumental during the battle. The offensive of the 3790:, with long frontiers totalling almost 5,600 km (3,500 mi). Poland's long border with Germany on the west and north, facing East Prussia, extended 2,000 km (1,200 mi). It had been lengthened by another 300 km (190 mi) on the southern side in the aftermath of the 1938 Munich Agreement. The German incorporation of 4821:

United Kingdom and France, but the culmination of combined European and Pacific conflicts would result in what was truly a "world war". Thus, what was not seen by most politicians and generals in 1939 is clear from the historical perspective: The Polish September Campaign marked the beginning of a pan-European war, which combined with the

2497:. The Poles feared that their independence would eventually be threatened altogether; historically Hitler had already denounced the right of Poland to independence in 1930, writing that Poles and Czechs were a "rabble not worth a penny more than the inhabitants of Sudan or India. How can they demand the rights of independent states?" 3234:

that they were willing to commence negotiations, but indicated that a Polish representative with the power to sign an agreement had to arrive in Berlin the next day while in the meantime it would draw up a set of proposals. The British Cabinet was pleased that negotiations had been agreed to but, mindful of how

3481:, when compared with countries such as United Kingdom or Germany, was a relatively indigent and mostly agricultural country. The partitioning powers did not invest in the development of industry, especially in the armaments industry in ethnically Polish areas. Moreover, Poland had to deal with damage caused by 3019:) since Hitler proclaimed that Poland had attacked Germany and that "Germans in Poland are persecuted with a bloody terror and are driven from their homes. The series of border violations, which are unbearable to a great power, prove that the Poles no longer are willing to respect the German frontier." 4866:

Russia is pursuing a cold policy of its own interests. We would prefer that the Russian armies stand in their present positions as friends and allies of Poland, rather than as invaders. But to protect Russia from the Nazi threat, it was clearly necessary that Russian armies should stand on this line.

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had begun. Later that day, the Germans attacked Poland's western, southern and northern borders, and German aircraft began raids on Polish cities. The main axis of attack led eastwards from Germany through the western Polish border. Supporting attacks came from East Prussia, in the north, and a joint

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Rivers, despite some Polish generals supporting the idea to be a better strategy. The West Plan allowed the Polish armies to retreat inside the country, but that was supposed to be a slow retreat behind prepared positions intended to give the armed forces time to complete its mobilization and execute

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With minor exceptions German national unification has been achieved. Further successes cannot be achieved without bloodshed. Poland will always be on the side of our adversaries... Danzig is not the objective. It is a matter of expanding our living space in the east, of making our food supply secure,

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by issuing an ultimatum to that effect on 30 September 1938, which was accepted by Czechoslovakia on 1 October. This region had a Polish majority and had been disputed between Czechoslovakia and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The Polish annexation of Slovak territory (several villages in the

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Various sources contradict each other so the figures quoted above should only be taken as a rough indication of the strength estimate. The most common range differences and their brackets are: Polish personnel 1,490,900 (official figure of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs)—or 1,800,000. Polish

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None of the parties to the conflict—Germany, the Western Allies or the Soviet Union—expected that the German invasion of Poland would lead to a war that would surpass World War I in its scale and cost. It would be months before Hitler would see the futility of his peace negotiation attempts with the

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As the prospect of conflict increased, the British government pressed Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz to evacuate the most modern elements of the Polish Navy from the Baltic Sea. In the event of war, the Polish military leaders realized that the ships that remained in the Baltic were likely to be quickly

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The British and the French estimated that Poland would be able to defend itself for two to three months, and Poland estimated it could do so for at least six months. While Poland drafted its estimates based upon the expectation that the Western Allies would honor their treaty obligations and quickly

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yet to be rescheduled. That evening, the German government responded in a communication that it aimed not only for the restoration of Danzig but also the Polish Corridor (which had not previously been part of Hitler's demands) in addition to the safeguarding of the German minority in Poland. It said

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was signed as an annex to the Franco-Polish alliance. In this accord, Britain committed itself to the defence of Poland, guaranteeing to preserve Polish independence. At the same time, the British and the Poles were hinting to Berlin that they were willing to resume discussions—not at all how Hitler

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and solving the problem of the Baltic states. To provide sufficient food you must have sparsely settled areas. There is therefore no question of sparing Poland, and the decision remains to attack Poland at the first opportunity. We cannot expect a repetition of Czechoslovakia. There will be fighting.

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Another question concerns whether Poland inflicted any significant losses on the German forces and whether it surrendered too quickly. While exact estimates vary, Poland cost the Germans about 45,000 casualties and 11,000 damaged or destroyed military vehicles, including 993 tanks and armored cars,

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had been tasked to cover the retreat of Polish infantry. In the evening the Pomeranian Uhlans encountered contingents of the advancing German 20th Infantry Division of Heinz Guderian's XIX Army. Commander Kazimierz Mastalerz ordered an attack, forcing the 20th infantry to withdraw and disperse. The

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A war is on between two groups of capitalist countries ... for the redivision of the world, for the domination of the world! We see nothing wrong in their having a good hard fight and weakening each other ... Hitler, without understanding it or desiring it, is shaking and undermining the capitalist

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The Molotov–Ribbentrop pact and the invasion of Poland marked the beginning of a period during which the government of the Soviet Union increasingly tried to convince itself that the actions of Germany were reasonable, and were not developments to be worried about, despite evidence to the contrary.

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on 6 September. From there, it moved on 9 September to Kremenez and, on 13 September to Zaleshiki, on the Romanian border. Rydz-Śmigły ordered the Polish forces to retreat in the same direction, behind the Vistula and San Rivers, beginning the preparations for the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead

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The invasion of Poland led Britain and France to declare war on Germany on 3 September. However, they did little to affect the outcome of the September Campaign. No declaration of war was issued by Britain and France against the Soviet Union. This lack of direct help led many Poles to believe that

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light bombers, but due to a delay in starting mass production, none of them were delivered before 1 September. When in the spring of 1939 it turned out that there were problems with the implementation of the new PZL.50 Jastrząb fighter, it was decided to temporarily implement the production of the

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An average Polish infantry division consisted of 16,492 soldiers and was equipped with 326 light and medium machine guns, 132 heavy machine guns, 92 anti-tank rifles and several dozen light, medium, heavy, anti-tank and anti-airplane field artillery. Contrary to the 1,009 cars and trucks and 4,842

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Polish to German forces in the September Campaign: 1,000,000 soldiers, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 435 aircraft (Poland) to 1,800,000 soldiers, 10,000 guns, 2,800 tanks, 3,000 aircraft (Germany). French and participating Allies to German forces in the Battle of France: 2,862,000 soldiers, 13,974 guns,

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Soviet official losses – figures provided by Krivosheev – are currently estimated at 1,475 KIA or MIA presumed dead (Ukrainian Front – 972, Belorussian Front – 503), and 2,383 WIA (Ukrainian Front – 1,741, Belorussian Front – 642). The Soviets lost approximately 150 tanks in combat of which 43 as

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Since October 1939, the Polish army that could escape imprisonment from the Soviets or Nazis were mainly heading for British and French territories. These places were considered safe, because of the pre-war alliance between Great-Britain, France and Poland. Not only did the government escape, but

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emphasized that any German invasion would be easily repelled. That made Polish defeats during the German invasion come as a shock to the civilian population. Lacking training for such a disaster, the civilian population panicked and retreated east, spreading chaos, lowering the troops' morale and

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from East Prussia and the west. Another third was concentrated in the north-central part of the country, between the major cities of Łódź and Warsaw. The forward positioning of Polish forces vastly increased the difficulty of carrying out strategic maneuvres, compounded by inadequate mobility, as

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due to inferiority in numbers and the obsolescence of its fighter planes. However, contrary to German propaganda, it was not destroyed on the ground—in fact it was successfully dispersed before the conflict started and not a single one of its combat planes was destroyed on the ground in the first

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was a perfectly reasonable military demand. It was rejected by Poland, whose arguments, despite their naturalness, cannot be considered satisfactory in the light of current events. As a result, Russia took up the same positions as an enemy of Poland that it might have taken as a very dubious and

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announced the mobilization of Polish troops. However, he was pressured into revoking the order by the French, who apparently still hoped for a diplomatic settlement, failing to realize that the Germans were fully mobilized and concentrated at the Polish border. During the night of 31 August, the

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of 1935. Talks over Danzig and the Corridor broke down, and months passed without diplomatic interaction between Germany and Poland. During this interim period, the Germans learned that France and Britain had failed to secure an alliance with the Soviet Union against Germany, and that the Soviet

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engagement proved to be successful as the German advance had been delayed. However, upon redeployment, the 18th Pomeranians came under sudden and intense machine gun fire of German armored reconnaissance vehicles. Despite their quick retreat, nearly a third of the Uhlans were killed or wounded.

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residential areas, civilians soon became indistinguishable from combatants, and the forthcoming German occupation (both on the annexed territories and in the General Government) was one of the most brutal episodes of World War II, resulting in between 5.47 million and 5.67 million Polish deaths

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Germany attacked from three directions on land. Günther von Kluge led 20 divisions that entered the Polish Corridor and met a second force heading to Warsaw from East Prussia. Gerd von Rundstedt's 35 divisions attacked southern Poland. By 3 September, when von Kluge in the north had reached the

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The Polish General Staff had not begun elaborating the "West" defence plan until 4 March 1939. It was assumed that the Polish Army, fighting in the initial phase of the war alone, would have to defend the western regions of the country. The plan of operations took into account the numerical and

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as light bombers. However, for the September Campaign, not all of those aircraft were mobilized. By 1 September, out of about 120 heavy bombers PZL.37s produced, only 36 PZL.37s were deployed, the rest being mostly in training units. All those aircraft were of indigenous Polish design, with the

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forces would be made available to Britain's empire in the future. The negotiations convinced Hitler that there was little chance the Western Allies would declare war on Germany, and even if they did, because of the lack of "territorial guarantees" to Poland, they would be willing to negotiate a

2360:" according to the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact; this rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete. Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral 5543:

The discrepancy in German casualties can be attributed to the fact that some German statistics still listed soldiers as missing decades after the war. Today the most common and accepted numbers are: 8,082 to 16,343 KIA, 320 to 5,029 MIA, 27,280 to 34,136 WIA. For comparison, in his 1939 speech

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would then move in and repulse the German spearhead, trapping it. For that to happen, Armia Prusy needed to be fully mobilized by 3 September. However, Polish military planners failed to foresee the speed of the German advance and assumed that Armia Prusy would need to be fully mobilized by 16

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increased the pace of the advance which overran Polish airstrips and early warning sites, causing logistical problems for the Poles. Many Polish Air Force units ran low on supplies, and 98 of their number withdrew into neutral Romania. The Polish initial strength of 400 was reduced to 54 by 14

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air force expansion plan, which relied on a strong bomber force. The Polish Air Force consisted of a 'Bomber Brigade', 'Pursuit Brigade' and aircraft assigned to the various ground armies. The Polish fighters were older than their German counterparts; the PZL P.11 fighter—produced in the early

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Various sources contradict each other so the figures quoted above should only be taken as a rough indication of losses. The most common range brackets for casualties are: Poland: 63,000 to 66,300 KIA, 134,000 WIA. The often cited figure of 420,000 Polish prisoners of war represents only those

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A particular fate was reserved for the Polish girls and women who had survived the first bombing raids on Poland. Polish women and girls were raped en masse and then executed. In addition, large numbers of Polish women were routinely captured to force them into prostitution in German military

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Throughout the Polish Campaign, the employment of the mechanized units revealed the idea that they were intended solely to ease the advance and to support the activities of the infantry.... Thus, any strategic exploitation of the armoured idea was still-born. The paralysis of command and the

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If a single image dominates the popular perception of the Polish campaign of 1939, it is the scene of Polish cavalry bravely charging the Panzers with their lances. Like many other details of the campaign, it is a myth that was created by German wartime propaganda and perpetuated by sloppy

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Meantime, Russia felt moved, on its part, to march in for the protection of the interests of the White Russian and Ukrainian people in Poland. We realize now that in England and France this German and Russian co-operation is considered a terrible crime. An Englishman even wrote that it is

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or 1914. According to Cooper, the use of tanks "left much to be desired... Fear of enemy action against the flanks of the advance, fear which was to prove so disastrous to German prospects in the west in 1940 and in the Soviet Union in 1941, was present from the beginning of the war."

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From the beginning, the German government repeatedly asked Molotov whether the Soviet Union would keep to its side of the partition bargain. The Soviet forces were holding fast along their designated invasion points pending finalization of the five-month-long undeclared war with

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that had already encircled Warsaw. All of the German armies made progress in fulfilling their parts of the plan. The Polish armies split up into uncoordinated fragments, some of which were retreating while others were launching disjointed attacks on the nearest German columns.

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and auxiliary aircraft were destroyed on the ground. The Polish Air Force, despite being significantly outnumbered and with its fighters outmatched by more advanced German fighters, remained active until the second week of the campaign, inflicting significant damage on the

4018:, there was little chance of an evacuation plan succeeding if it were implemented after hostilities began. Four days after the signing of the Polish-British Common Defence Pact, three destroyers of the Polish Navy executed the Peking Plan and so evacuated to Great Britain. 3977:

start an offensive of their own, the French and the British expected the war to develop into trench warfare, much like World War I. The Polish government was not notified of the strategy and based all of its defence plans on promises of quick relief by the Western Allies.

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as civil heads, respectively. Thus the entirety of occupied Poland was divided into four military districts (West Prussia, Posen, Lodz, and Krakau). Frank was at the same time appointed "supreme chief administrator" for all occupied territories. On 28 September, another

4087:, and most German forces, including 85% of armoured forces, were engaged in Poland. Despite some Polish successes in minor border battles, the German technical, operational and numerical superiority forced the Polish armies to retreat from the borders towards Warsaw and 4765:(mountain infantry regiment) attacked a reconnaissance detachment of the Soviet 24th Tank Brigade; after a few casualties on both sides, the parties turned to negotiations. The German troops left the area, and the Red Army troops entered Lwów on 22 September. 7438:Śledztwo w sprawie zabójstwa w dniu 22 września 1939 r. w okolicach miejscowości Sopoćkinie generała brygady Wojska Polskiego Józefa Olszyny-Wilczyńskiego i jego adiutanta kapitana Mieczysława Strzemskiego przez żołnierzy b. Związku Radzieckiego. (S 6/02/Zk) 4175:, a recently discovered methamphetamine, which enabled the constant movement of the troops, who no longer felt the need to sleep for several days. The drug would later also be used, this time officially distributed, in the invasions of France and the USSR. 4596:

Altogether, the civilian losses of Polish population amounted to about 150,000 to 200,000. Roughly 1,250 German civilians were also killed during the invasion. (Also, 2,000 died fighting Polish troops as members of ethnic German militia forces such as the

4995:. He made one film about German crimes against civilians during the invasion. In colour, he photographed Polish soldiers, fleeing civilians, bombed houses, and a German bomber He 111 destroyed by the Polish Army in Warsaw. His photographs and film 3489:. Preparations for a defensive war with Germany were ongoing for many years, but most plans assumed fighting would not begin before 1942. To raise funds for industrial development, Poland sold much of the modern equipment it produced. In 1936, a 4194:

and Polish Upper Silesia in the first week. The Polish plan for border defence was a dismal failure. The German advance, as a whole, was not slowed. On 10 September, the Polish commander-in-chief, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, ordered a general

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The invasion of Poland marked the beginning of the Holocaust ("holocaust by bullets"), not only in its strict sense of the genocide of Jews, but also in its broader meaning of mass killings of various ethnic, political or social groups.

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modified the arrangements of August: all of Lithuania was shifted to the Soviet sphere of influence; in exchange, the dividing line in Poland was moved in Germany's favour, eastwards towards the Bug River. On 8 October, Germany formally

5164:(BPC Publishing 1966), attribute German victory to "enormous development in military technique which occurred between 1918 and 1940", and cite that "Germany, who translated (British inter-war) theories into action... called the result 4332:

By 17 September, the Polish defence had already been broken and the only hope was to retreat and reorganize along the Romanian Bridgehead. However, the plans were rendered obsolete nearly overnight when the over 800,000-strong Soviet

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also the national gold supply was evacuated via Romania and brought to the West, notably London and Ottawa. The approximately 75 tonnes (83 short tons) of gold was considered sufficient to field an army for the duration of the war.

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P-11c (+43 reserve), 30 P-7 (+85 reserve), 118 P-23 Karaś light bombers, 36 P-37 Łoś bombers (armed in line, additionally a few of the total number produced were used in combat), 84 reconnaissance RXIII Lublin, RWD14 Czapla (+115

3096:, still hoped to strike a deal with Hitler regarding Danzig (and possibly the Polish Corridor). Chamberlain and his supporters believed war could be avoided and hoped Germany would agree to leave the rest of Poland alone. German 6210:"Ergebnisse der Volks- und Berufszählung Vom 1. November 1923 in der Freien Stadt Danzig mit einem Anhang: Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. August 1924". Verlag des Statistischen Landesamtes der freien Stadt Danzig. 1926. 8412:, pp. 326–325 – lists 236 tanks as totally destroyed and 457 damaged, of which 180 were repaired and the remainder scrapped, giving 180 + 277 = 513 tanks destroyed or scrapped following damage, and 319 armoured cars lost. 4898:, in concentration camps, and in numerous ad hoc massacres, where civilians were rounded up, taken to a nearby forest, machine-gunned, and then buried, whether they were dead or not. Among the 100,000 people murdered in the 4816:

and Lithuania, with the majority eventually making their way to France or Britain. Most of the Polish Navy succeeded in evacuating to Britain as well. German personnel losses were less than their enemies (c. 16,000 killed).

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had approved the pact. One of the aims of the invasion was to divide Polish territory at the end of the operation; Poland was to cease to exist as a country and all Poles ("inferior people") were to be exterminated. The

4059:, in the Free City of Danzig, on the Baltic Sea. However, in many places, German units crossed the Polish border even before that time. Around then, the Luftwaffe attacked a number of military and civilian targets, 3238:

had been forced to sign his country away under similar circumstances just months earlier, regarded the requirement for an immediate arrival of a Polish representative with full signing powers as an unacceptable

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Hitler demanded that Poland be conquered in six weeks, but German planners thought that it would require three months. They intended to exploit their long border fully with the great enveloping manoeuver of

3753:, and pursued a doctrine of mass encirclement and destruction of enemy forces. The infantry, far from completely mechanized but fitted with fast-moving artillery and logistic support, was to be supported by 3130:

In May, in a statement to his generals while they were in the midst of planning the invasion of Poland, Hitler made it clear that the invasion would not come without resistance as it had in Czechoslovakia:

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if it agreed to wage war against the Soviet Union, but the concessions the Poles were expected to make meant that their homeland would become largely dependent on Germany, functioning as little more than a

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captured by the Germans, as Soviets captured about 250,000 Polish POWs themselves, making the total number of Polish POWs about 660,000–690,000. In terms of equipment the Polish Navy lost one destroyer (

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attacks have "tended to underestimate the punishing effect of German artillery on Polish units. Mobile and available in significant quantity, artillery shattered as many units as any other branch of the

6014: 4136:. On 7 September, the defenders of Warsaw had fallen back to a 48 km (30 mi) line paralleling the Vistula River, where they rallied against German tank thrusts. The defensive line ran between 8668: 4199:

to the south-east, towards the Romanian Bridgehead. Meanwhile, the Germans were tightening their encirclement of the Polish forces west of the Vistula (in the Łódź area and, still farther west, around

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was not destroyed on the ground in the first days of the war. Though numerically inferior, it had been redeployed from major air bases to small camouflaged airfields shortly before the war. Only some

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scholarship. Yet such myths have also been embraced by the Poles themselves as symbols of their wartime gallantry, achieving a cultural resonance in spite of their variance with the historical record.

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they had captured), the Red Army reached the line of rivers Narew, Bug, Vistula and San by 28 September, in many cases meeting German units advancing from the other direction. Polish defenders on the

4757:) approached, the commanders agreed that the German troops would withdraw and the Soviet troops would enter the city, saluting each other. At Brest-Litovsk, Soviet and German commanders held a joint 5131:. Furthermore, the Polish Army was preparing the Romanian Bridgehead, which would have prolonged Polish defence, but the plan was invalidated by the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939. 7447: 7351:: he German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, 16 September 1939. Source: The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Last. Retrieved 14 November 2006 4769:

On 7 September 1939, just a few days after France and Britain joined the war against Germany, Stalin explained to a colleague that the war was to the advantage of the Soviet Union, as follows:

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operations in 1939–1940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the

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ordered his forces into Poland on 17 September. It was agreed that the Soviets would relinquish its interest in the territories between the new border and Warsaw in exchange for inclusion of

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A ridiculous hundred million Slavs : concerning Adolf Hitler's world-view, Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History Polish Academy of Sciences, Jerzy Wojciech Borejsza p. 49, Warsaw 2017

4972:, a journalist and war correspondent, is a first-hand account of the battles that led to the falls of Poland, the Low Countries, and France. It includes a rare eyewitness description of the 3516:'s mobility played a decisive role. Poland acknowledged the benefits of mobility but was unable to invest heavily in many of the expensive, unproven inventions since then. In spite of this, 6203: 4852:

The different attitude of the Anglo-French allies of Poland towards Nazi Germany and the USSR was argued at this time, for example, by the future head of the British government, Churchill:

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wrote in December 1939 that "the German campaign was a masterpiece. Nothing quite like it has been seen in military history". The country was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union.

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irrecoverable losses, while hundreds more suffered technical failures. However, Russian historian Igor Bunich estimates Soviet manpower losses at 5,327 KIA or MIA without a trace and WIA.

5177:... German ground and air forces, and were only incidental by-products of the traditional manoeuvers of rapid encirclement and of the supporting activities of the flying artillery of the 3123:

Union was interested in an alliance with Germany against Poland. Hitler had already issued orders to prepare for a possible "solution of the Polish problem by military means" through the

4856:

Russians were guilty of gross treachery during the recent negotiations, but Marshal Voroshilov's demand that the Russian armies, if they were allies of Poland, should occupy Vilnius and

4720: 4210:

The Polish defensive plan called for a strategy of encirclement. It would allow the Germans to advance in between two Polish Army groups in the line between Berlin and Warsaw-Lodz, and

4671:, were established in conquered Greater Poland and Pomerelia, respectively. Based on laws of 21 May 1935 and 1 June 1938, the German military delegated civil administrative powers to 3606:

The Polish Air Force's decisions to strengthen its resources came too late, mostly due to budget limitations. As a "last minute" order in the summer of 1939, Poland bought 160 French

3980:

Polish forces were stretched thinly along the Polish-German border and lacked compact defence lines and good defence positions along disadvantageous terrain. That strategy also left

7867: 3929:. Polish policy centred on their protection, especially since many politicians feared that if Poland retreated from the regions disputed by Germany, Britain and France would sign a 3435:), and an assortment of 550 transport and 350 reconnaissance aircraft. In total, Germany had close to 4,000 aircraft, most of them modern. A force of 2,315 aircraft was assigned to 8026: 3933:

treaty with Germany like the 1938 Munich Agreement and allow Germany to stay in those regions. The fact that none of Poland's allies had specifically guaranteed Polish borders or

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before German forces withdrew westward behind a new demarcation line. Just three days earlier, however, the parties had a more hostile encounter near Lwów, when the German 137th

4745:

Even though water barriers separated most of the spheres of interest, the Soviet and German troops met on numerous occasions. The most remarkable event of this kind occurred at

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days of the conflict. In the era of fast progress in aviation the Polish Air Force lacked modern fighters, vastly due to the cancellation of many advanced projects, such as the

1713: 1312: 12963: 2368:, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland. The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered. 13873: 8144: 3937:

was another Polish concern. These reasons made the Polish government disregard French advice to deploy the bulk of its forces behind natural barriers, such as the Vistula and

1552: 3362:. It held that these divisions should act in coordination with other elements of the military, punching holes in the enemy line and isolating selected units, which would be 7691:

Niemiecka dywersja w Polsce w 1939 r. w świetle dokumentów policyjnych i wojskowych II Rzeczypospolitej oraz służb specjalnych III Rzeszy. Część 1 (marzec–sierpień 1939 r.)

4886:(about one-sixth of the country's total population, and over 90% of its Jewish minority)—including the mass murder of 3 million Polish citizens (mainly Jews as part of the 2452:

had long sought to annex territories belonging to Poland, it was Hitler's own idea and not a realization of any pre-1933 Weimar plans to invade and partition Poland, annex

4369:, had about 25 battalions. Rydz-Śmigły ordered them to fall back and not to engage the Soviets. That, however, did not prevent some clashes and small battles, such as the 4250:

ran out of ammunition and retreated to the forests but were then smoked out by the Heinkel He 111 and Dornier Do 17s dropping 100 kg (220 lb) incendiaries. The

3603:

1930s—had a top speed of only 365 km/h (227 mph), far less than German bombers. To compensate, the pilots relied on its maneuverability and high diving speed.

11355: 6107:"Non-Germans" under the Third Reich: the Nazi judicial and administrative system in Germany and occupied Eastern Europe with special regard to occupied Poland, 1939–1945 4801: 4203:) and penetrating deeply into eastern Poland. Warsaw, which had undergone heavy aerial bombardment since the first hours of the war, was attacked on 9 September and was 3497:

had approximately a million soldiers, but not all were mobilized by 1 September. Latecomers sustained significant casualties when public transport became targets of the

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However, there was one exception: on the night of 25–26 August, a German sabotage group which had not heard anything about a delay of the invasion made an attack on the

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Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945

4976:. In August 1939, Leixner joined the Wehrmacht as a war reporter, was promoted to sergeant and, in 1941, published his recollections. The book was originally issued by 3921:

The Polish determination to deploy forces directly at the German-Polish border, prompted by the Polish-British Common Defence Pact, shaped the country's defence plan, "

10708: 4649: 3081:, believing that Polish independence and territorial integrity would be defended with their support if it were to be threatened by Germany. On the other hand, British 208: 4508:

was one of the factors behind the German brutality directed at civilians that had worked relentlessly to convince the Germans into believing that Jews and Slavs were

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Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.Institute of National Remembrance(IPN) Warszawa 2009

2524:. Many Germans also wanted the urban port city of Danzig and its environs (comprising the Free City of Danzig) to be reincorporated into Germany. Danzig city had a 5050:

A group of German and Italian war correspondents, who visited the battlefield noticed the dead cavalry men and horses among the armored vehicles. Italian reporter

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Meanwhile, Polish forces tried to move towards the Romanian Bridgehead area, still actively resisting the German invasion. From 17 to 20 September, Polish armies

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Corps—commanded by General Heinz Guderian—had occupied the city, which lay within the Soviet sphere of interest. When the Soviet 29th Tank Brigade (commanded by

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on 13 September. Around then, advanced German forces also reached Lwów, a major city in eastern Poland, and 1,150 German aircraft bombed Warsaw on 24 September.

3202:. On the morning of 26 August, this group was repelled by Polish troops. The German side described all this as an incident "caused by an insane individual" (see 4804:), with 420,000 others being captured by the Germans and 240,000 more by the Soviets (for a total of 660,000 prisoners). Up to 120,000 Polish troops escaped to 3501:. The Polish military had fewer armored forces than the Germans, and these units, dispersed within the infantry, were unable to effectively engage the Germans. 3167:

with orders to kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space we need.

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Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899–1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p. 398,

8676: 5699:Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.– М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. – С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93. 90: 14063: 11667: 11030: 10339: 9964: 9239: 3318: 2006: 3352:. 453 tanks were assigned into four light divisions, while another 225 tanks were in detached regiments and companies. Most notably, the Germans had seven 2329:. On 3 September, based on their alliance agreements with Poland, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany; in the end their aid to Poland was 14012: 10680: 10626: 9812: 7645: 9454: 9257: 4987:

came to besieged Warsaw on 7 September 1939 in the time of German bombardment. He photographed the beginning of the war by using one roll of colour film (

13908: 12837: 11137: 10633: 10249: 4521:) attacked civilian targets and columns of refugees along the roads to terrorize the Polish people, disrupt communications and target Polish morale. The 3989:

Polish units often lacked the ability to retreat from their defensive positions, as they were being overrun by more mobile German mechanized formations.

1706: 1305: 165: 4385:

rose against the Poles, and communist partisans organized local revolts, robbing and killing civilians. Those movements were quickly disciplined by the

3775:, eventually isolating segments of the enemy, surrounding, and destroying them. The prewar "armoured idea", which an American journalist in 1939 dubbed 3262:, but under the pressure from Great Britain and France, the mobilization was cancelled. When the final mobilization started, it added to the confusion. 3187:

hoped to frame the conflict. Thus, he wavered and postponed his attack until 1 September, managing to in effect halt the entire invasion "in mid-leap".

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in 1940 even though the Anglo-French forces were much closer to parity with the Germans in numerical strength and equipment and were supported by the

14027: 13964: 13917: 13042: 11023: 10470: 10346: 5327: 5322: 4624: 3333: 2388: 9442: 9370: 6983: 3627:

fighter PZL P 11.G Kobuz. Nevertheless, due to the outbreak of the war, not one of the ordered 90 aircraft of this type were delivered to the army.

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quickly destroyed the bridges across the Bzura River. Then, the Polish forces were trapped out in the open and were attacked by wave after wave of

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Stanley S. Seidner, "Reflections from Rumania and Beyond: Marshal Śmigły-Rydz Rydz in Exile", The Polish Review vol. xxii, no. 2, 1977, pp. 29–51.

5235:

and the importance of other arms in the campaign. They argue that Western accounts of the September campaign have stressed the shock value of the

3846:'s 10th Army, in the centre with Army Group South's armour, was to deliver the decisive blow with a northeastward thrust into the heart of Poland. 3665:, but only 140 tanks were produced between 1935 and the outbreak of the war. Poland had also a few relatively modern imported designs, such as 50 10760: 10072: 7030: 2750: 2504:

was strongly in favour of annexation by Germany, as were many of the ethnic German inhabitants of the Polish territory that separated the German

9323: 13732: 10579: 9881: 9033: 8199: 8185: 5332: 5292: 4046:

to claim that German forces were acting in self-defence, one of the first acts of war took place on 1 September 1939. At 04:45, the old German

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and smaller support vessels. Most Polish surface units followed Operation Peking, leaving Polish ports on 20 August and escaping by way of the

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majority, and had been separated from Germany after Versailles and made into the nominally independent Free City. Hitler sought to use this as

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on 28 October 1939 from the Soviet Union. On 8 and 13 September 1939, the German military district in the area of Posen, commanded by general

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By 12 September, all of Poland west of the Vistula had been conquered except for the isolated Warsaw. The Polish government, led by President

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In case of a failure to defend most of the territory, the army was to retreat to the south-east of the country, where the rough terrain, the

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organized by multiple elements of the German government, tens of thousands of Polish civilians were shot at 760 mass execution sites by the

13948: 13309: 13170: 11464: 11320: 11304: 11276: 10524: 9731: 2991: 9311: 3485:. This resulted in the need to build a defense industry from scratch. Between 1936 and 1939, Poland invested heavily in the newly created 3100:

over Central Europe was also at stake. In private, Hitler said in May that Danzig was not the important issue to him, but the creation of

2879: 14146: 12221: 11288: 11200: 11144: 11107: 10389: 8030: 7909: 7855: 2437: 1438: 169: 4273:, and the high command, led by Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, left Warsaw in the first days of the campaign and headed southeast, reaching 13728: 12936: 11193: 9925: 5302: 5134:

Poland also never officially surrendered to the Germans. Under German occupation, there was continued resistance by forces such as the

4042:

Following several German-staged incidents, such as the Gleiwitz incident, part of Operation Himmler, which German propaganda used as a

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Kredite für NS-Verbrechen. Die Deutsche Kreditinstituten im Polen und die Ausraubung der polnischen un jüdischen Bevölkerung 1939–1945

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was notorious throughout the campaign for burning villages and committing atrocities in numerous Polish towns, including massacres in

3646:

tankettes attached to infantry divisions and cavalry brigades. A standard tank of the Polish Army during the invasion of 1939 was the

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565 to 697 airplanes and 370 artillery pieces. As for duration, the September Campaign lasted about a week and a half less than the

3209:

On 26 August, Hitler tried to dissuade the British and the French from interfering in the upcoming conflict, even pledging that the

2762: 13974: 12548: 10367: 10141: 9904: 9770: 9581: 7374: 7347:: The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union, (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, 10 September 1939 – 9:40 p.m. and 5272: 5087: 4918: 4914: 2945: 2921: 2809: 1999: 1972: 9396: 7161: 4867:

In any case, this line exists and, consequently, the Eastern front has been created, which Nazi Germany will not dare to attack...

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On 23 May 1939, Hitler explained to his officers that the object of the aggression was not Danzig, but the need to obtain German

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destroying the Polish border post (re-enactment); German tank and armored car formation; German and Soviet troops shaking hands;

13209: 13059: 9486:. National Archives and Records Administration (German. Series: Motion Picture Films. G-2 Army Military Intelligence Division). 8343: 6752: 13986: 13823: 13428: 13411: 13401: 13389: 13342: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13238: 13233: 13103: 13076: 11646: 11158: 10008: 9546: 9417: 9383: 9335: 5642: 4382: 3574:

Overall, the Germans enjoyed numerical and qualitative aircraft superiority. Poland had only about 600 aircraft, of which only

3214:

compromise favourable to Germany after its conquest of Poland. Meanwhile, the increased number of overflights by high-altitude

2797: 2568: 2392: 1801: 7557:

Bytwerk, Randall. "The Argument for Genocide in Nazi Propaganda." Quarterly Journal of Speech 91, no. 1 (February 2005): 37–62

4352:, and other international treaties, both bilateral and multilateral. Soviet diplomacy had lied that they were "protecting the 4104:

September and air opposition virtually ceased, with the main Polish air bases destroyed during the first 48 hours of the war.

3531:

horses in the average German infantry division, the average Polish infantry division had 76 cars and trucks and 6,939 horses.

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The object of the war is … physically to destroy the enemy. That is why I have prepared, for the moment only in the East, my

2469: 2112: 1955: 131: 9287: 7952:Черчилль У. Вторая мировая война. – М.: Воениздат, 1991. с. 204/Churchill U. World War II. – Moscow: Voenizdat, 1991. p. 204 6539: 4321:

ceasefire went into effect on 16 September 1939. Now cleared of any "second front" threat from the Japanese, Soviet Premier

4063:, the first large-scale city bombing of the war. At 08:00, German troops, still without a formal declaration of war issued, 3810:

A main attack over the western Polish border, which was to be carried out by Army Group South, commanded by Colonel General

13833: 13613: 13131: 12475: 11882: 11768: 10933: 10400: 10396: 10374: 9978: 9266: 8822: 7363: 6323: 5277: 4725: 4694:

to become the CdZ of the West Prussian military district. On 3 October 1939, the military districts centered on and named "

4051: 4021:

Although the Polish military had prepared for conflict, the civilian population remained largely unprepared. Polish prewar

3926: 3734: 2376: 2021: 1992: 186: 9353: 6165: 5530:

tanks: 100–880, 100 is the number of modern tanks, while the 880 number includes older tanks from the World War I era and

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minorities of eastern Poland since the Polish government had abandoned the country and the Polish state ceased to exist".

3338:

Germany had a substantial numeric advantage over Poland and had developed a significant military before the conflict. The

12390: 11854: 11186: 11172: 10385: 7437: 5297: 3456: 3023: 2933: 2897: 2396: 2158: 940: 39: 8904: 8070: 7012: 6105: 5578:) and several support craft. Equipment loses included 132 Polish tanks and armored cars 327 Polish planes (118 fighters) 14076: 13894: 13861: 13841: 13384: 13187: 13153: 12823: 12599: 12468: 12346: 11924: 11639: 11590: 11348: 10903: 10155: 9994: 9842: 9696: 9466: 9220: 9194: 9172: 9114: 9095: 9076: 9052: 9008: 8960: 8936: 8884: 8865: 8836: 8808: 8789: 8770: 8747: 8724: 8701: 8655: 8634: 8585: 8381: 8295: 8111: 8063: 8007: 7973: 7802: 7384: 7122: 7095: 6939: 6912: 6254: 6175: 6145: 6115: 6024: 5854: 5649: 5317: 4841:

said they were only obligated to declare war on Germany due to the first clause of the Anglo-Polish Agreement in 1939.

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poorly protected. One-third of Poland's forces were massed in or near the Polish Corridor, making them vulnerable to a

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With the surprise signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact on 23 August, the result of secret Nazi–Soviet talks held in

2250:

on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of

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Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration With Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

8544: 8209: 8055: 7695: 7441: 6392: 5984: 5899:...paved the way for the joint invasion and occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that September. 5598: 5267: 4620: 4526: 4495: 2791: 2372: 2255: 2033: 1794: 9870: 4076:) from the German-allied Slovak Republic, in the south. All three assaults converged on the Polish capital, Warsaw. 3155:

On 22 August, just over a week before the onset of war, Hitler delivered a speech to his military commanders at the

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Panzertruppen: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1933–1942 (v. 1)

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3,384 tanks, 3,099 aircraft 2 (Allies) to 3,350,000 soldiers, 7,378 guns, 2,445 tanks, 5,446 aircraft (Germany).

4373:, as soldiers and locals attempted to defend the city. The Soviets executed numerous Polish officers, including 3182:

The German assault was originally scheduled to begin at 4:00 a.m. on 26 August. However, on 25 August, the

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on the shore of the Baltic Sea held out until 2 October. The last operational unit of the Polish Army, General

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Sword, Keith Sword (1991). "British Reactions to the Soviet Occupation of Eastern Poland in September 1939".

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The German invasion saw atrocities committed against Polish men, women and children. The German forces (both

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rivers, valleys, hills and swamps would provide natural lines of defence against the German advance, and the

3078: 2613: 2399: 2056: 2038: 593: 8597:"The Luftwaffe's Campaigns in Poland and the West 1939–1940: A Case Study of handling Innovation in Wartime" 3642:

The tank force consisted of two armored brigades, four independent tank battalions and some 30 companies of

3578:

heavy bombers were modern and comparable to their German counterparts. The Polish Air Force had roughly 185

3179:; the western one-third of the country was to go to Germany and the eastern two-thirds to the Soviet Union. 1485: 14198: 14188: 14115: 13996: 13991: 13711: 13505: 13216: 12796: 12692: 12067: 12028: 10947: 10782: 10767: 10694: 10673: 10491: 10169: 9955: 9948: 9932: 9643: 9602: 9574: 9129: 8665: 6271: 5670: 5262: 5257: 5224:, and were almost always closely subordinated to the various mass infantry armies". (emphasis in original) 5160:

is the strategy that Germany first used in Poland. Many early post-war histories, such as Barrie Pitt's in

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economically subordinate to Germany. As part of this long-term policy, Hitler at first pursued a policy of

2414:

within the territory of the former Polish state. Many of the military exiles who escaped Poland joined the

2124: 1924: 1873: 1582: 13756: 9513:(1943). Film Bulletin n. 48 US Department of the Army, Signal Corps Photographic Center. Internet Archive. 7515: 7177: 3786:

Poland's terrain was well suited for mobile operations when the weather co-operated; the country had flat

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From within Poland, the German minority would assist by engaging in diversion and sabotage operations by

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Dispositions of the opposing forces on 31 August 1939, with the German order of battle overlaid in pink.

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of 320,000 of Polish citizens, when all who were deemed dangerous to the Soviet regime were subject to

4047: 2785: 2419: 2051: 1917: 1895: 448: 4441: 4038:

Map showing the advances made by the Germans, and the disposition of all troops from 1 to 14 September

3925:". Poland's most valuable natural resources, industry and population were along the western border in 3795: 2903: 2148: 1463: 14048: 13679: 13586: 12995: 12459: 12376: 12161: 12021: 11993: 11826: 11731: 11521: 10954: 10028: 9682: 9320: 8145:"Chapter 2. The Soviet-German invasion and the Polish exodus (1939–1940) – Polish forces in the West" 6879: 6797: 5375: 5363: 5103:

lost 285 aircraft to all operational causes, with 279 more damaged, and the Poles lost 333 aircraft.

4633: 4432:

managed to hold their positions long after they had been surrounded by German forces. The enclave of

4365: 4297: 4287: 4246:, dropping 50 kg (110 lb) light bombs, which caused huge numbers of casualties. The Polish 3322: 3030:, although they were not part of the agreement. It coerced Czechoslovakia to surrender the region of 2714: 2696: 2580: 2539: 2302: 2290: 2247: 2234: 1934: 1900: 1723: 1665: 1658: 1587: 1421: 1346: 606: 35: 31: 12973: 10226: 8231: 6450:

Reply of the German Chancellor to the Communication of 28 August 1939, from His Majesty's Government

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Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century: losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study

4132:

river. Two days later, his left wing was well to the rear of Łódź and his right wing at the town of

2534:, a reason for war, reverse the post-1918 territorial losses, and on many occasions had appealed to 13674: 13637: 12198: 12175: 11427: 11228: 11221: 10885: 10545: 10517: 10510: 9897: 9272: 8996: 8645: 8087: 5969: 5312: 5208: 5039: 5016: 4964: 4822: 4787: 4465: 3490: 3366:

and destroyed. This would be followed up by less-mobile mechanized infantry and foot soldiers. The

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History of the invasion with focus on precise locations and events, as experienced by real people.

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with anti-aircraft machine gun near the Warsaw Central Station in the first days of September 1939

3447:

was probably the most experienced, best-trained and best-equipped air force in the world in 1939.

3031: 1736: 1649: 1490: 14173: 13684: 13662: 13652: 13416: 13394: 13376: 13196: 13051: 12948: 12620: 12564: 12434: 12294: 11979: 11632: 11528: 11434: 11002: 10870: 10840: 10804: 10789: 10661: 10553: 10531: 10477: 10463: 10445: 10109: 9890: 9618: 9567: 8245: 4370: 4310: 3738: 3607: 3340: 3281: 3215: 3203: 2957: 1987: 1846: 1746: 1525: 821: 816: 795: 775: 565: 5997: 5181:, both of which had as their purpose the physical destruction of the enemy troops. Such was the 4163:. At the same time, Guderian led his 3rd Army tanks across the Narew, attacking the line of the 3164: 1868: 666: 13751: 13629: 13354: 13337: 13304: 12312: 12205: 12007: 11958: 11861: 11754: 11724: 11507: 11395: 11121: 10912: 10503: 10484: 10454: 10001: 9971: 9308: 8622: 8172:

Zonder Vrees en Zonder Verwijt. Poolse militairen in West-Europa tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog

6741:

Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II

5307: 5058:, on the brave and heroic Polish cavalry men, who charged German tanks with sabres and lances. 5025: 4645: 4338: 4204: 4056: 3947: 3478: 3244: 2768: 2631: 2431: 2218: 2097: 2016: 1741: 1557: 1537: 1433: 1406: 831: 810: 286: 127: 110: 80: 43: 13520: 13297: 13226: 9187:

Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia

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and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established

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Kimmich, Christoph M. (1 January 1969). "The Weimar Republic and the German-Polish Borders".

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broke what remained of the Polish resistance in an "awesome demonstration of air power". The

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that disrupted lines of supply and communications. Together, the new methods were nicknamed "

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in the Far East, successful end of the conflict for the Soviet Union, which occurred in the

2341:

could be transported to Europe, with the bulk of the BEF in France by the end of September.

1761: 1644: 1624: 1597: 1547: 1381: 579: 14110: 13886: 13488: 13359: 12984: 12860: 12627: 12482: 12133: 12090: 12060: 11986: 11796: 11775: 10701: 10178: 9856: 8970: 7578: 5761: 5282: 4992: 4580: 4068: 3843: 3839: 3619: 3474: 3359: 3176: 2562: 2521: 2129: 1672: 1592: 1500: 1443: 1335: 733: 710: 705: 381: 13818: 13364: 13324: 5141: 4734:, while the south-central parts were administered as the General Government led by Frank. 4117: 4060: 3862: 3858: 1634: 1341: 357: 345: 8: 13931: 13458: 12885: 12745: 12519: 12397: 12353: 11875: 11009: 10775: 10302: 10132: 10116: 10065: 9418:

Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939: Images and Documents from the Harrison Forman collection

8924: 8505: 8479: 7302: 5602: 5199: 5195: 5183: 4473: 4341: 4314: 3962: 3917:

Deployment of German, Polish and Slovak divisions immediately before the German invasion.

3823: 3791: 3555:. However, its pilots were among the world's best trained, as proven a year later in the 3114:

With tensions mounting, Germany turned to aggressive diplomacy. On 28 April 1939, Hitler

3085: 3055: 2815: 2702: 2501: 2477: 2380: 2357: 2318: 2310: 2183: 2063: 1751: 1542: 1411: 369: 194: 135: 13069: 7300:

Roberts, Geoffrey (1 January 1992). "The Soviet Decision for a Pact with Nazi Germany".

6352: 6272:"German Army Attacks Poland; CitiesBombed, Port Blockaded; Danzig Is AcceptedInto Reich" 1567: 13480: 13347: 13332: 13279: 13243: 13136: 13081: 12738: 12571: 12496: 12450: 12420: 12328: 12168: 11833: 11717: 11611: 11562: 11256: 11207: 11016: 10640: 10295: 10093: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9027: 8975: 8759: 8219: 8179: 7327: 7024: 6388: 6086: 5212:, asserted that, "there is considerable justice in Matthew Cooper's assertion that the 5033: 4891: 4703: 4445: 3811: 3750: 3742: 3650:

light tank. It was the first tank in the world to be equipped with a diesel engine and

3562: 3387: 3195: 3144: 2891: 2839: 2535: 2384: 2361: 1776: 1416: 1366: 1351: 332: 6812: 6059: 4270: 3552: 3229:

On 29 August, prompted by the British, Germany issued one last diplomatic offer, with

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was set up to collect funds necessary for strengthening the Polish Armed forces. The

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Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide…

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Gawrecká "Československé Slezsko. Mezi světovými válkami 1918–1938", Opava 2004, 21.

5727: 3973:

had not been elaborated in detail and concerned only the first stage of operations.

3654:. The 7TP was significantly better armed than its most common opponents, the German 3599: 2301:

advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the

892: 630: 13743: 13603: 13542: 13475: 13453: 13433: 13292: 13272: 13141: 12648: 12641: 12585: 12249: 12014: 12000: 11903: 11840: 11791: 11604: 11457: 11404: 11214: 11165: 11079: 10309: 10286: 9819: 9487: 9392: 9062: 8853: 8608: 7311: 7087: 6611:

Bombers of the Luftwaffe, Joachim Dressel and Manfred Griehl, Arms and Armour, 1994

5815:Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: потери вооруженных сил. Статистическое исследование 5795: 5415: 5343: 5124: 5091: 5051: 4584: 4425: 4080: 3943: 3763: 3615: 3535: 3524: 3465: 3417: 3349: 3248: 3225:

The map shows the beginning of the European part of World War II in September 1939.

3054:

By 1937, Germany began to increase its demands for Danzig, while proposing that an

3027: 2885: 2821: 2669: 2657: 2330: 2281:

German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west the morning after the

2237:. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the 1878: 1856: 1562: 1453: 726: 698: 618: 13789: 9828: 7415: 5873:. Warsaw Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 2005, p. 5, 385. ISBN 83-7399-169-7. (in Polish) 3408:

also attacked cities, causing huge losses amongst the civilian population through

13794: 13547: 13163: 13146: 12671: 12383: 12298: 12256: 12154: 12097: 11965: 11747: 11738: 11267: 10849: 10825: 10079: 9470: 9458: 9446: 9433: 9412: 9400: 9387: 9374: 9369:

An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war

9361: 9339: 9327: 9315: 9303: 9291: 9279: 9261: 9243: 9212: 9204: 8950: 8285: 8094: 8074: 7750: 7699: 7422: 7112: 5646: 5572: 5508: 5493: 5477: 5465: 5457: 5442: 5427: 5407: 4877: 4805: 4505: 4461: 4421: 4374: 4219: 4178: 4096: 4064: 3985: 3866: 3575: 3405: 2513: 2457: 2449: 2271: 2259: 2046: 1967: 1766: 1520: 1510: 1480: 1361: 916: 856: 642: 515: 419: 12783: 9379: 9284: 6798:"1::Pomoc wojenna Imperium Brytyjskiego dla Polski w okresie II Wojny Światowej" 6422:

A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945

6327: 5682:

Website of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs – the Poles on the Front Lines

5038:

Polish cavalry units did not engage German tanks with lances and swords. At the

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Vistula River, then some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the German border, and

928: 868: 14162: 12489: 10414: 10263: 10102: 8554: 8067: 7858:[Wehrmacht crimes against Polish prisoners of war in September 1939] 7323: 7223: 6519: 6485: 6473: 6461: 6449: 5136: 5111: 5062: 4926: 4746: 4737: 4510: 4469: 4448: 4322: 3611: 3432: 3421: 3298: 3012: 2951: 2927: 2619: 2525: 2517: 2516:

constituted land long disputed by Poland and Germany, and was inhabited by a

2465: 2403: 1458: 539: 12815: 9463: 6971:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. p. 933. 6837: 4500:

The Polish Campaign was the first action by Hitler in his attempt to create

4226:

River, west of Warsaw, and lasted from 9 to 19 September. The Polish armies

3255: 3235: 1786: 1691: 13706: 13463: 13204: 12788: 12592: 10892: 10797: 10428: 9791: 9555: 9296: 9182: 8818: 7157: 5128: 4984: 4707: 4668: 4664: 4641: 4604: 4433: 4010: 3999:: Polish destroyers evacuate the Baltic Sea en route to the United Kingdom. 3831: 3730: 3721: 3363: 3348:

in its inventory, of which 2,859 were with the Field Army and 408 with the

3259: 3156: 3048: 2732: 2509: 2494: 2481: 2461: 2445: 2441: 2306: 2294: 2230: 2222: 1819: 393: 269: 242: 158: 86: 9473:. A website describing the Polish forces in France, UK and the Netherlands 9134: 8613: 8596: 6400: 4800:

About 65,000 Polish troops were killed in the fighting (and roughly 3,000

4695: 4451:. In the last week of September, Hitler made a speech in Danzig and said: 4344:

after they had invaded the eastern regions of Poland, in violation of the

4292: 4148: 3861:'s 3rd Army, which was to strike southward from East Prussia, and General 3827: 3551:

and a delay in the introduction of a completely new modern Polish fighter

3221: 3140: 13608: 12903: 12427: 12413: 12075: 10751: 10572: 10557: 9911: 8053:

Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.

6988:(in Polish). Jerusalem: Sekcja Wydawnicza APW. p. 39. Archived from 6200:

The Second World War: Volume 2 Europe 1939–1943, Tom 2 Robin Havers p. 25

5168:". That idea has been repudiated by some authors. Matthew Cooper writes: 5115: 4969: 4922: 4826: 4392: 4357: 4211: 4137: 3996: 3981: 3954: 3938: 3893:, and the main Polish army was to be encircled and destroyed west of the 3768: 3666: 3548: 3494: 3482: 3377: 3274: 3266: 3118:

withdrew from both the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact of 1934 and the

2530: 2353: 1943: 1861: 953: 904: 880: 479: 12912: 6090: 4648:

gained back those territories taken by Poland in autumn 1938. Lithuania

4160: 14132: 14081: 14058: 13093: 13088: 11782: 11535: 11514: 10407: 9740: 9668: 9247: 5605:

of 1928 and the 1933 London Convention on the Definition of Aggression.

5287: 4988: 4930: 4882: 4711: 4353: 4152: 4022: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3623: 3508:

shaped Polish Army organizational and operational doctrine. Unlike the

3382: 3290: 3115: 3102: 2861: 2663: 2651: 2638: 1851: 1841: 1448: 12924: 9405: 7331: 6904:

Operation Fall Weiss: German Paratroopers in the Poland Campaign, 1939

5847:

Operatsiia Groza, Ili, Oshibka V Tretem Znake: Istoricheskaia Khronika

4875:

and details of this concept would be later formulated in the infamous

4549: 4141: 2468:

with Poland, trying to improve opinion in Germany, culminating in the

12045: 11450: 11247: 11058: 10856: 10811: 8828: 6620:

The Flying pencil, Heinz J. Nowarra, Schiffer Publishing, 1990, p. 25

5746: 5198:, and it was applied in the Polish Campaign, little changed from the 4895: 4688: 4557: 4486:

near Lublin on 6 October, marking the end of the September Campaign.

4429: 4326: 4263: 4187: 4164: 4156: 3922: 3913: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3460: 3373: 3368: 3240: 2849: 2314: 2298: 1290: 212: 76: 10332: 4699: 4545: 4200: 4111:

Hitler watching German soldiers march into Poland in September 1939.

3835: 139: 13851: 10316: 10044: 8627:

Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947

8519: 8483: 6877: 6486:

Sir N. Henderson to Viscount Halifax (received 9:30 a.m. 31 August)

5531: 4561: 4417: 4334: 4318: 4172: 3655: 3579: 3567: 3401: 3270: 3097: 3063: 2345: 1106: 70: 9349:

Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defence

4565: 3630: 3512:

of World War I, the Polish–Soviet War was a conflict in which the

3473:

Emerging in 1918 as an independent country after 123 years of the

3036: 2258:. The invasion is also known in Poland as the September campaign ( 27:

German, Soviet, and Slovak attack at the beginning of World War II

12979: 8858:

Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944

6304:

Zahradnik "Korzenie Zaolzia. Warszawa – Praga – Trzyniec", 16–17.

5011: 4809: 4437: 4043: 3958: 3901:

was initiated on 1 September 1939 and was the first operation of

3894: 3865:'s 4th Army, which was to attack eastward across the base of the 3850: 3819: 3815: 3704:

ships joined the British merchant fleet and took part in wartime

3583: 3527:

and had some successes against both German infantry and cavalry.

3520: 3513: 3294: 3218:

and cross-border troop movements signaled that war was imminent.

3199: 2505: 2489: 2485: 2453: 2313:, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage. Polish forces then 9001:

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory

8647:

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War

8448:

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War

7599: 7212:"High Hitler: how Nazi drug abuse steered the course of history" 4088: 3696:, with the goal of engaging and damaging German shipping in the 3293:

attack on the radio station, was staged near the border city of

3044: 2406:. In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground 10926: 9524: 9237:

The Conquest of Poland and the Beginnings of Jewish Persecution

8713:

Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

8559:

SS-Leibstandarte: The History of the First SS Division, 1934–45

8514: 8488: 7989: 7856:"Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach polskich we wrześniu 1939 roku" 6629:

A History of World War Two, A.J.P. Taylor, Octopus, 1974, p. 35

4813: 4274: 4133: 4079:

France and Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September, but

3890: 3787: 3705: 3354: 3172: 2337:, and the Polish army was effectively defeated even before the 2251: 34:. For more details on the invasion by the Slovak Republic, see 8369: 7836: 7834: 5078:

In 1939, 10% of the Polish army was made up of cavalry units.

4540:) murdered tens of thousands of Polish civilians (such as the 3598:

bombers being more modern than the fighters, according to the

3301:

by German units posing as Polish troops, as part of the wider

11114: 8898: 8578:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

8461:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

8435:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

6601:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

6432: 6430: 6353:"The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy" 5021: 4935: 4741:

German and Soviet troops shaking hands following the invasion

4306: 4259: 4223: 4129: 4121: 2520:

majority. The Corridor had become a part of Poland after the

2349: 201: 13916: 7948: 7946: 6931:

Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind

5922: 5920: 5722: 5720: 4171:

During this invasion, Hitler's troops made extensive use of

3806:. German units were to invade Poland from three directions: 3767:) to assist the rapid movement of troops and concentrate on 2241:

between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the

7831: 7425:, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 14 November 2006. 4921:

between 1939 and 1941 resulted in the death of 150,000 and

4857: 4829:

in 1941 to form the global conflict known as World War II.

4386: 4363:

The Polish border defence forces in the east, known as the

4317:

completed their agreement that ended the conflict, and the

3345: 2472:

of 1934. Earlier, Hitler's foreign policy worked to weaken

9273:

Detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents

9167:] (in German). Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 9161:

Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939

9020:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz: Rydz and the Defence of Poland

7667: 7393: 7244: 7242: 7240: 6865:

7TP vol.II, Janusz Magnus#1, Militaria 317, Warszawa 2009.

6427: 6316: 6016:

A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War

5597:

Other treaties violated by the Soviet Union were the 1919

5231:, also address the subject of mythical interpretations of 4517:

From the first day of invasion, the German air force (the

4034: 2309:

to the east. After the mid-September Polish defeat in the

2217:(1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the 30:

For more details on the invasion by the Soviet Union, see

12964:

Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis

9267:

Blitzkrieg Unleashed: The German Invasion of Poland, 1939

8977:

Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity

7943: 7705: 7582:

Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity

7064:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the defence of Poland

6849: 6847: 6637: 6635: 6508:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the defence of Poland

5917: 5801:"Axis Slovakia: Hitler's Slavic Wedge, 1938–1945", p. 81 5717: 5173:

breakdown of morale were not made the ultimate aim of the

4254:

left the army with the task of mopping up survivors. The

4099:

early in the campaign. By destroying communications, the

3992: 3647: 3643: 3635: 8740:

Weapons and Secret Weapons of the German Army, 1933–1945

7184:. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 7 September 1939. p. 9. 6878:

Tullio Pontecorvo, Tobias Lundqvist (1 September 2017).

6040: 4147:

The right wing of the Poles had been hammered back from

3243:. On the night of 30/31 August, German Foreign Minister 2484:. Poland would be granted territory to its northeast in 9423:"The Polish Campaign of September 1939 in Perspective" 7530: 7495: 7483: 7237: 5943:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 313–315. 4533: 3872:

A tertiary attack by part of Army Group South's allied

10186:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

8736:

Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945

8132:

Britain and Poland 1939–1943. The Betrayed Ally (1995)

7626:(in Polish). Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 7037: 7010: 6844: 6782:

Mazur, Wojciech (March 2009). "Pomocnik Historyczny".

6683: 6671: 6659: 6647: 6632: 6569: 6528:

Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career

6474:

Sir H. Kennard to Viscount Halifax (received 10 a.m.).

6424:, Roger Chickering, Stig Förster, Bernd Greiner, p. 97 5871:

Kampania polska 1939 roku. Początek II wojny światowej

5791:

Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945

5335:– the Slovak arsenal was inherited from Czechoslovakia 4683:

to become the CdZ of the Posen military district, and

3610:

fighters and 111 English airplanes (100 light bombers

3358:

divisions, with 2,009 tanks between them, using a new

14064:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

9309:

German Statistics including September Campaign losses

7587: 7560: 7444:. Internet Archive, 16.10.03. Retrieved 16 July 2007. 7166:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. xvi–xvii. 6948: 6710: 4144:, respectively north-west and north-east of Warsaw. 3798:

meant that Poland's southern flank was also exposed.

3319:

Soviet order of battle for invasion of Poland in 1939

8415: 8400:

285 aircraft destroyed, 279 damaged of initial force

7354: 6295:

Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN 1997, vol. VI, 981.

5220:

mission that was to characterize authentic armoured

5106: 4796:

Polish troops withdrawn to Hungary in September 1939

4637:

German & Soviet advance in Poland September 1939

4436:'s tiny garrison capitulated on 7 September and the 4055:

opened fire on the Polish military transit depot at

3700:, but they had much less success. In addition, many 3011:

The invasion was referred to by Germany as the 1939

7277: 7275: 7199:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 51–54, 62–64. 7017:

The British-Polish Alliance; Its Origin and Meaning

6927: 6557: 6545: 5147: 4910:, compiled before the war began in September 1939. 4848:

German soldiers removing Polish government insignia

4424:north of Warsaw capitulated on 29 September, after 4155:by 9 September, and List, in the south, was on the 2364:. On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the 8974: 8758: 8330:Steven J. Zaloga, Ramiro Bujeiro, Howard Gerrard, 8314:("Book of Polish cavalry"), TESCO, Warszawa 1989, 8201:LC Online Catalog – Item Information (Full Record) 7584:Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2003 7369: 7170: 7136: 7134: 5634: 5632: 5144:'s guerillas, and the Leśni ("forest partisans"). 4980:, the central publishing house of the Nazi Party. 4525:killed 6,000 to 7,000 Polish civilians during the 3779:, which was advocated by some generals, including 3749:. It called for the start of hostilities before a 3542:) was at a severe disadvantage against the German 9165:War of Annihilation: The Wehrmacht in Poland 1939 9068:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 8363: 6981: 6921: 5601:(to which the Soviet Union adhered in 1934); the 5328:List of German military equipment of World War II 5323:List of World War II military equipment of Poland 4625:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II 4464:(the Soviets later executed all the officers and 3757:and small numbers of truck-mounted infantry (the 3427:dive bombers, 1,100 conventional bombers (mainly 3372:(air force) provided both tactical and strategic 3334:German order of battle for the invasion of Poland 3254:On 29 August, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs 2763:Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 14160: 8981:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 7955: 7748: 7644:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7548:Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War, p. 102 7272: 6242: 4950:1st Polish Corps on exercise in Scotland in 1941 3390:claimed "Poland was a full demonstration of the 3315:Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign 2333:. France invaded a small part of Germany in the 8929:Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally 8669:"The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field" 8027:"Polish experts lower nation's WWII death toll" 7290:Tippelskirch, Kurt. History of Second World War 7131: 6966: 5629: 4939:) or murdered, like the Polish officers in the 4008:were well within operating range of the German 3857:commanded Army Group North, comprising General 2270:) and known in Germany as the Poland campaign ( 14095:German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk 13175:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland 12881:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 9441:by Bradley Lightbody, Last updated 2011-03-30 9345:Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland 8470: 7842:Kursk: The greatest battle: Eastern Front 1943 7826:Kursk: The greatest battle: Eastern Front 1943 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7110: 6900: 6775: 6438:Kursk: The Greatest Battle: Eastern Front 1943 6397:League of Nations Archives, Palais des Nations 6387: 6243:Snyder, Louis Leo; Montgomery, John D (2003). 5963: 5333:List of Czechoslovakia interwar period weapons 5293:Polish cavalry brigade order of battle in 1939 5012:Combat between Polish cavalry and German tanks 4702:" were set up under command of major generals 3729:The September Campaign was devised by General 3247:read a 16-point German proposal to ambassador 2317:where they prepared for a long defence of the 13902: 12845: 12831: 9540: 9354:Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland 9085: 7156: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 6960: 6462:Viscount Halifax to Sir N. Henderson (Berlin) 6159: 6157: 5809: 5807: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5707: 5705: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5608: 4808:Romania (through the Romanian Bridgehead and 4650:received the city of Vilnius and its environs 4400:during the Soviet invasion, 19 September 1939 4218:The largest battle during this campaign, the 2992: 2321:and awaited expected support and relief from 1816: 1802: 1721: 1707: 1306: 42:. For a list of Polish–German Wars, see, see 9521:(1939). Universal Studios. Internet Archive. 9285:The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database 8621: 8283: 8130:(München 2007), 64–67, Anita J. Prazmowska, 8051:Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota (eds.). 8029:. AFP/Expatica. 30 July 2009. Archived from 7895:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin 7728: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7338: 7261:, Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM Warszawa, p. 182. 6880:"Fall Weiss – The German Invasion of Poland" 6702:Zawadzki, Tadeusz (2009). "Porównanie sił". 4004:sunk by the Germans. Furthermore, since the 3885:units that had been prepared before the war. 3559:, in which the Poles played a notable part. 3070:strategy. On 31 March 1939, Poland formed a 3047:) later served as the justification for the 13171:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537) 13159:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522) 9040: 8817: 8761:Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 8534: 8504: 8478: 8376:. Cambridge University Press. p. 212. 8277: 7658: 7472: 7470: 7143: 7104: 7029:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6497:Oslon and Cloud,"A Question of Honor" p. 50 6140:. Manchester University Press. p. 92. 6129: 6127: 5966:"Holocaust of non-jewish Poles during WWII" 3794:and creation of the German puppet state of 3064:to connect East Prussia with Germany proper 2751:German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 2476:and attempted to manoeuvre Poland into the 2448:. While some dissident elements within the 13909: 13895: 13017:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60) 12838: 12824: 9547: 9533: 9041:Taylor, A.J.P.; Mayer, S.L., eds. (1974). 9032:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8955:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 8945: 8923: 8765:. Vol. I. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. 8427: 8360:, London, Europa Publications, 1980. p. 28 8184:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8088:Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. 7742: 7673: 7453: 7399: 7049: 6975: 6934:. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 29–30. 6894: 6763:Adam Kurowski 'Lotnictwo Polskie 1939' 129 6595: 6593: 6347: 6345: 6154: 5926: 5804: 5776: 5702: 5685: 5303:Polish resistance movement in World War II 3826:'s 8th Army was to drive eastward against 3439:. Due to its earlier participation in the 2999: 2985: 2542:still in the Corridor, as well as Danzig. 2480:, forming a cooperative front against the 1809: 1795: 1714: 1700: 1313: 1299: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1235: 1222: 1216: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1112: 1103: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1022: 1011: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 13022:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88) 13012:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41) 9510:Invasion of Poland in 1939 by German Army 9321:Brief Campaign losses and more statistics 9297:The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer 9203: 9189:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 9071:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8931:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8895:Poland 1939: The Outbreak of World War II 8733: 8612: 8370:Roy Francis Leslie; R. F. Leslie (1983). 7797:. Stanford University Press. p. 58. 7773:Voronezh, 1964. in Russian); Guderian H. 7717: 7257:Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk (2005), 7178:"Poles Holding Line 30 Miles From Warsaw" 7004: 5982:Dariusz Baliszewski (19 September 2004), 4968:('Von Lemberg bis Bordeaux'), written by 4065:attacked near the Polish village of Mokra 3638:light tanks in formation during maneuvers 2946:Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations 2757:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 233: 189:Lithuania, the Soviet Union, and Slovakia 13918:Nazi German–Soviet relations before 1941 13310:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588) 9061: 8453: 8169: 7961: 7467: 6772:'Duel for the Sky' by Christopher Shores 6701: 6236: 6133: 6124: 5386:Separated from 12th Army on 28 September 5273:List of Polish divisions in World War II 5110: 5015: 4945: 4915:Polish Institute of National Remembrance 4843: 4791: 4736: 4632: 4391: 4296:Disposition of all troops following the 4291: 4177: 4106: 4081:failed to provide any meaningful support 4072:German-Slovak tertiary attack by units ( 4033: 3991: 3912: 3720: 3629: 3561: 3464: 3220: 3139: 3022:Poland participated with Germany in the 2922:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War 2438:National Socialist German Workers' Party 2402:, and immediately started a campaign of 277: 12871:History of Polish intelligence services 9086:Zaloga, Steve; Gerrard, Howard (2002). 9017: 8995: 8969: 8905:"Nazi Loss in Poland Placed at 290,000" 8798: 8710: 8694:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 8691: 8421: 8409: 8021: 8019: 7605: 7536: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7428: 7299: 7114:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 7043: 6954: 6853: 6689: 6677: 6665: 6653: 6641: 6590: 6513: 6342: 6163: 6076: 6046: 6012: 6008: 6006: 5976: 5754:"Nazi Loss in Poland Placed at 290,000" 5673:, article on 'Kampania Wrześniowa 1939' 5001:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 4929:, forced resettlement, imprisonment in 4337:entered and created the Belarusian and 4186:Polish forces abandoned the regions of 3889:All three assaults were to converge on 3849:A second route of attack from northern 187:Polish territory divided among Germany, 14: 14161: 14028:Border and Commercial Agreement (1941) 13824:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 11394: 11372:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 9158: 9104: 8756: 8742:]. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe. 8575: 8553: 8537:Against Our Will – Men, Women and Rape 7891: 7702:Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość. nr 2 (8)/2005 7661:Against Our Will – Men, Women and Rape 7593: 7078: 6985:Kampania wrześniowa 1939 roku w Polsce 6907:. Pen & Sword Books. pp. 6–. 6873: 6871: 6810: 6730: 6249:. Transaction Publishers. p. 88. 5938: 5844: 5840: 5838: 4983:The American journalist and filmmaker 4958: 4479:Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna "Polesie" 4383:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 3908: 3151:, a German–Soviet non-aggression pact. 2904:Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine 1320: 13890: 13217:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570) 12819: 12243:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 11675:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 11321:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 11277:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10382:Rape during the occupation of Germany 9528: 9181: 8874: 8852: 8779: 8643: 8594: 8263:Polish Cavalry Charges Against Tanks" 8097:Polish American Congress, Washington. 7995: 7933:The Slavonic and East European Review 7930: 7873:from the original on 28 December 2021 7853: 7794:Stalin's Drive to the West, 1938–1945 7790: 7784: 7711: 7566: 7507: 7209: 7194: 7074: 7072: 6781: 6721:Poland's Preparation for World War II 6575: 6563: 6551: 6399:. Geneva: indiana.edu. Archived from 6375:"World History in Context – Document" 6170:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 150–151. 6103: 5964:Moor-Jankowski, Jan (5 August 2019). 5394: 5392: 5216:divisions were not given the kind of 5054:promptly published an article in the 4629:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation 3676:The Polish Navy was a small fleet of 3404:played a major role in the campaign. 3109: 2389:incorporated its newly acquired areas 1790: 1695: 1294: 13407:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671) 13060:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk) 11365:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10397:Rape during the liberation of France 9088:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 8897:(Basic Books, 2020) popular history 8801:The German Campaign in Poland (1939) 8332:Poland 1939: the birth of blitzkrieg 8287:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 8016: 7864:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 7624:WProst 24 (Arch. in WayBack Machine) 7617: 6587:B.H. Hart & A.J.P. Taylor, p. 41 6003: 5910:Collier, Martin, and Pedley, Philip 5067:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 4313:. On 15 September 1939, Molotov and 13949:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 13643:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919) 9209:First to Fight: The Polish War 1939 8875:Majer, Diemut; et al. (2003). 8664: 7885: 7847: 7210:Cooke, Rachel (25 September 2016). 6868: 5835: 5298:Polish contribution to World War II 5081: 4726:annexed the western parts of Poland 4420:, held out until 28 September. The 3834:'s 14th Army was to push on toward 3692:. Submarine forces participated in 3457:Polish army order of battle in 1939 3395: 3386:" (lightning war). While historian 2898:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 40:Invasion of Poland (disambiguation) 24: 14077:Soviet offensive plans controversy 11591:German invasion of the Netherlands 9871:Weather events during World War II 9452:The Mythical Polish Cavalry Charge 9159:Böhler, Jochen (2006). "Preface". 9152: 8911:(Press release). 28 September 1941 8879:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 8518:(in Polish) (1138). Archived from 8122:a.o. Robert Westerby en R.M. Low, 7416:Olszyna-Wilczyński Józef Konstanty 7069: 6530:, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2007, 6381: 6167:The causes of the Second World War 5869:Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk: 5650:Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5389: 5318:Timeline of the invasion of Poland 4489: 4329:in the Soviet "zone of interest". 4281: 4029: 3308: 3184:Polish-British Common Defence Pact 2880:Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War 2293:alongside the Germans in northern 2243:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 25: 14210: 12222:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 9393:Detailed German Army organization 9380:Detailed Polish Army organization 9367:Halford Mackinder's Necessary War 9230: 8650:(1st US ed.). Viking Adult. 8126:(London 1940), 1–18, Ingo Loose, 8056:Institute of National Remembrance 7620:"Seksualne niewolnice III Rzeszy" 7442:Institute of National Remembrance 6743:, McFarland & Company, 2004, 5599:Covenant of the League of Nations 5107:Polish resistance to the invasion 5006: 4749:on 22 September. The German 19th 4621:Military Administration in Poland 4496:World War II casualties of Poland 4482:, surrendered after the four-day 4350:Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 4128:'s armour was already beyond the 2792:Remilitarization of the Rhineland 2470:German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 2373:period of military administration 2266:) or 1939 defensive war (Polish: 13429:War of the Holy League 1683–1699 13132:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438) 12923: 12911: 12902: 12782: 9554: 9518:Special Release – Europe At War! 9256:Original reports from The Times 8440: 8403: 8390: 8373:The History of Poland Since 1863 8348: 8324: 8304: 8252: 8238: 8192: 8163: 8137: 8116: 8100: 8080: 8045: 7924: 7912:from the original on 2 June 2023 7818: 7769:Воронеж, 1964. (Krivoshein S.M. 7759: 7679: 7663:. Fawcett Columbine. p. 71. 7652: 7611: 7572: 7551: 7542: 7405: 7293: 7284: 7251: 7203: 7188: 6811:Banach, Michał (21 March 2018). 5591: 5278:Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) 5187:of the Polish campaign. – Cooper 4835:betrayed by their Western allies 4460:Despite a Polish victory at the 2512:from the rest of the Reich. The 2276:Überfall auf Polen, Polenfeldzug 947: 934: 922: 910: 898: 886: 874: 862: 850: 803: 762: 749: 719: 691: 660: 648: 636: 624: 612: 600: 587: 572: 558: 533: 521: 509: 497: 485: 473: 454: 442: 427: 412: 399: 387: 375: 363: 351: 339: 325: 311: 279: 262: 249: 235: 69: 63:European theatre of World War II 14054:Occupation of the Baltic states 13412:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676 13402:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634 13390:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621 13343:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618 13261:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629 13256:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625 13251:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618 13239:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611 13234:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629 13127:Władysław the White's rebellion 13114:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521) 13099:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) 13065:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332) 9003:. London; New York: Routledge. 6859: 6830: 6804: 6790: 6766: 6757: 6695: 6623: 6614: 6605: 6581: 6500: 6491: 6479: 6467: 6455: 6443: 6415: 6367: 6307: 6298: 6289: 6264: 6194: 6185: 6137:Origins of the Second World War 6110:. JHU Press. pp. 188–189. 6097: 6070: 6052: 5957: 5932: 5904: 5876: 5863: 5581: 5557: 5547: 5537: 5502: 5487: 5451: 5436: 5401: 4907:Special Prosecution Book-Poland 4784:Polish Armed Forces in the East 4780:Polish Armed Forces in the West 4159:north and south of the town of 4085:saw only a few minor skirmishes 2727:Nazis' rise to power in Germany 2569:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2416:Polish Armed Forces in the West 2371:On 8 October, after an initial 13982:Boundary and Friendship Treaty 13594:Greater Poland uprising (1848) 13385:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499) 13154:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499) 12469:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 10179:Territorial changes of Germany 10087:Indonesian National Revolution 9395:schemas by Dr. Leo Niehorster 9382:schemas by Dr. Leo Niehorster 9333:Fall Weiß – The Fall of Poland 8824:Refugees in an Age of Genocide 8601:Security and Defence Quarterly 8002:. Cambridge University Press. 7999:Justice and the Genesis of War 7968:. Cambridge University Press. 7197:Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Germany 6488:Cited in the British Blue Book 6476:Cited in the British Blue Book 6464:Cited in the British Blue book 6452:Cited in the British Blue Book 5676: 5664: 5655: 5523: 5398:Improvised during the invasion 5380: 5368: 5356: 5194:was a strategy dating back to 5044:18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment 4802:prisoners of war were executed 4673:Chiefs of Civil Administration 4266:) of bombs during the battle. 3761:regiments, forerunners of the 3716: 2691:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 2548:Events leading to World War II 2538:, promising to "liberate" the 2474:ties between Poland and France 2418:, an armed force loyal to the 2379:western Poland and the former 152: 75:Left to right, top to bottom: 13: 1: 13501:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667 13469:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633) 13142:1444 war against the Ottomans 12969:German–Polish War (1028–1031) 12959:German–Polish War (1003–1018) 12876:List of wars involving Poland 11869:Japanese invasion of Thailand 11820:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 11584:German invasion of Luxembourg 9965:Mediterranean and Middle East 9109:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9090:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8696:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8204:. SF Tafel Publishers. 2017. 7962:Weinberg, Gerhard L. (2005). 7755:. Bellona. GGKEY:YJUTJZKPCPA. 6813:"PZL 46 Sum Następca Karasia" 6060:"The Nazification of Germany" 5638:Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5622: 5268:History of Poland (1939–1945) 4721:secret German–Soviet protocol 4654:Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg 4542:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 3051:to join the German invasion. 2910:German ultimatum to Lithuania 2856:Polish ultimatum to Lithuania 2425: 2256:German–Soviet Frontier Treaty 2007:Mediterranean and Middle East 13511:War of the Bar Confederation 13506:War of the Polish Succession 11776:Invasion of the Soviet Union 11465:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 10783:Independent State of Croatia 9130:Internetowa encyklopedia PWN 9018:Seidner, Stanley S. (1978). 8174:. Amsterdam. pp. 64–65. 8068:Introduction reproduced here 7771:Between the Storms. Memoirs. 7519:pp. 28–29 with more speech. 6928:Knickerbocker, H.R. (1941). 6326:. Euronet.nl. Archived from 6324:"Elbing-Königsberg Autobahn" 5941:The Sacredness of Human Life 5671:Internetowa encyklopedia PWN 5339:Slovak Air Force (1939–1945) 5258:Eastern Front (World War II) 4837:. British Foreign Secretary 4728:with Greiser and Forster as 4614: 4504:(living space) for Germans. 4449:was defended until 2 October 3120:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 2810:Italo-German "Axis" protocol 2775:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 2344:On 17 September, the Soviet 2215:Polish Defensive War of 1939 1988:Manchuria and Northern Korea 153:German–Soviet–Slovak victory 7: 14023:Commercial Agreement (1940) 14018:Commercial Agreement (1939) 13869:Russian invasion of Ukraine 13762:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising 13558:War of the Fourth Coalition 13210:campaign of Stephen Báthory 12760:End of World War II in Asia 12600:Western invasion of Germany 12107:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 12084:Second Battle of El Alamein 11654:Hundred Regiments Offensive 11626:Battle of the Mediterranean 11479:Italian invasion of Albania 9653:Air warfare of World War II 9432:September 26, 2011, at the 9133:(in Polish). Archived from 8799:Kennedy, Robert M. (1980). 8711:Goldman, Stuart D. (2012). 8580:. New York: Stein and Day. 8561:. Staplehurst: Spellmount. 8535:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 8471:Sources and further reading 8334:, Osprey Publishing, 2002, 7777:Heidelberg, 1951 (English: 7775:Erinnerungen eines Soldaten 7659:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 7379:. McFarland & Company. 6164:Crozier, Andrew J. (1997). 6064:University of South Florida 5728:"Polish War, German Losses" 5251: 4600:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 4414:Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski 4398:provincial capital of Wilno 4083:. The German-French border 3882:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 3822:and Slovak border. General 3024:partition of Czechoslovakia 2940:Italian invasion of Albania 2934:British guarantee to Poland 2356:that fell into the Soviet " 2352:, the territory beyond the 2339:British Expeditionary Force 1772:Parczew, Jabłoń and Milanów 204:annexed by the Soviet Union 38:. For other invasions, see 10: 14215: 13847:Operation Uphold Democracy 13582:War of the Sixth Coalition 13570:War of the Fifth Coalition 13516:Polish–Russian War of 1792 12891:Warfare in Medieval Poland 12866:History of the Polish Army 12686:Naval bombardment of Japan 12054:First Battle of El Alamein 11973:Battle of Christmas Island 11918:Japanese invasion of Burma 11682:Italian invasion of Greece 11598:German invasion of Belgium 11570:German invasion of Denmark 11543:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 11412:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 9676:Comparative military ranks 9406:Polish Armoured Units 1939 9326:December 23, 2018, at the 9290:November 20, 2023, at the 9125:"Kampania Wrześniowa 1939" 9044:A History of World War Two 8821:; Knox, Katharine (1999). 8170:Huiskamp, Florian (2015). 7019:. London: Mellville Press. 6982:Henryk Piątkowski (1943). 5849:. Vita-Oblik. p. 88. 5031: 4823:Japanese invasion of China 4777: 4618: 4493: 4285: 4048:pre-dreadnought battleship 3903:Second World War in Europe 3737:, and directed by General 3735:chief of the general staff 3711: 3454: 3416:forces consisted of 1,180 3331: 3327: 3312: 3273:to Britain, executing the 3062:system, be built in order 2786:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 2429: 2420:Polish government-in-exile 1725:Soviet invasion of Poland 29: 14141: 14103: 14049:Soviet invasion of Poland 14036: 14005: 13957: 13924: 13832: 13809: 13770: 13757:Białystok Ghetto uprising 13742: 13702: 13693: 13628: 13587:French invasion of Russia 13533: 13446: 13375: 13288: 13268:Northern War of 1655–1660 13195: 13186: 13122: 13050: 13041: 13004: 12944: 12935: 12897: 12853: 12847:Polish wars and conflicts 12775: 12607:Bratislava–Brno offensive 12547: 12538:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 12275: 12162:Allied invasion of Sicily 12116: 12022:Aleutian Islands campaign 11994:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 11941: 11932:Greek famine of 1941–1944 11827:Second Battle of Changsha 11732:German invasion of Greece 11700: 11577:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 11552: 11490: 11385: 11266: 10992: 10902: 10750: 10453: 10444: 10202: 10027: 9919:North and Central Pacific 9880: 9642: 9635: 9562: 9464:Polish forces in the West 9373:February 4, 2024, at the 9360:December 6, 2023, at the 9338:December 1, 2023, at the 9278:October 20, 2023, at the 9254:German invasion of Poland 9107:The Polish Army 1939–1945 9047:. London: Octopus Books. 8734:Hahn, Fritz (1986–1987). 8312:Księga kawalerii polskiej 8260:"Poland 1939 (Fall Weiß) 7828:, 2011, pp. 62, 67, 76–80 7767:Междубурье. Воспоминания. 7749:Leszek Moczulski (2009). 7389:– via Google Books. 7316:10.1080/09668139208411994 7259:Kampania polska 1939 roku 7117:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 6969:Wojna Obronna Polski 1939 6134:Rothwell, Victor (2001). 5939:Gushee, David P. (2013). 5712:Wojna Obronna Polski 1939 5513:wojna obronna Polski 1939 5364:Slovak invasion of Poland 5156:It is often assumed that 4974:Battle of Węgierska Górka 4881:. The invasion decimated 4812:), and another 20,000 to 4366:Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza 4288:Soviet invasion of Poland 4182:Polish infantry in attack 3688:to join with the British 3487:Central Industrial Region 3450: 3323:Slovak invasion of Poland 3165:'Death's Head' formations 2715:Defense of the Great Wall 2697:Pacification of Manchukuo 2315:withdrew to the southeast 2235:beginning of World War II 1827: 1733: 1666:Slovak invasion of Poland 1659:Soviet invasion of Poland 1332: 1121: 963: 675: 294: 223: 101: 68: 60: 55: 36:Slovak invasion of Poland 32:Soviet invasion of Poland 13997:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 13675:Second Silesian Uprising 12992:1156 war against Germany 12989:1146 war against Germany 12199:Allied invasion of Italy 12176:Solomon Islands campaign 11925:Third Battle of Changsha 11522:First Battle of Changsha 11428:Second Sino-Japanese War 10368:German military brothels 10234:United States war crimes 8692:Forczyk, Robert (2019). 8595:Corum, James S. (2013). 8576:Cooper, Matthew (1978). 8086:Dr. Jan Moor-Jankowski, 7996:Welch, David A. (1995). 7892:Snyder, Timothy (2012). 7608:, pp. 114, 159–161. 7513:Peter David Orr (2005), 7084:Poland's Navy, 1918–1945 6967:collective work (1979). 6013:Kitchen, Martin (1990). 5645:11 December 2013 at the 5349: 5313:The Black Book of Poland 5263:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 5229:The Polish Campaign 1939 5200:French campaigns in 1870 5042:on 1 September 1939 the 5040:Battle of Tuchola Forest 5026:anti-tank rifle (Wz. 35) 4965:From Lemberg to Bordeaux 4788:Polish Underground State 4426:an intense 16-day battle 4379:Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński 3946:with the support of the 3814:, attacking from German 2834:Second Sino-Japanese War 2798:Arab revolt in Palestine 2745:Inner Mongolian Campaign 2646:Second Italo-Senussi War 2456:and Austria, and create 2436:On 30 January 1933, the 2412:Polish Underground State 2408:resistance organizations 1993:pre-war border conflicts 14090:Northern Sea Route Raid 13970:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 13874:Military aid to Ukraine 13685:Third Silesian Uprising 13653:First Silesian Uprising 13648:Polish–Czechoslovak War 13417:Battle of Chocim (1673) 13395:Battle of Chocim (1621) 12621:Second Guangxi campaign 12476:Philippines (1944–1945) 11980:Battle of the Coral Sea 11883:Fall of the Philippines 11529:Battle of South Guangxi 11435:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 10841:Italian Social Republic 9478:War propaganda newsreel 9469:8 February 2016 at the 9302:March 18, 2018, at the 9242:8 November 2012 at the 8673:Studies in Intelligence 8623:Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan 7791:Raack, Richard (1995). 7111:Robert Forczyk (2019). 6901:Stephan Janzyk (2017). 6510:, New York, 1978, ch. 2 6019:. Longman. p. 74. 5474:Polish Campaign of 1939 5412:Überfall auf Polen 1939 5206:John Ellis, writing in 4710:, and Hitler appointed 4667:, commanded by general 4442:held until 19 September 4428:. Some isolated Polish 4311:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4258:alone dropped 388 4248:anti-aircraft batteries 4190:(the Polish Corridor), 3838:and to turn the Poles' 3739:Walther von Brauchitsch 3652:360° Gundlach periscope 3608:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 3216:reconnaissance aircraft 3149:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3075:with the United Kingdom 2964:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2958:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 2268:wojna obronna 1939 roku 2254:under the terms of the 2239:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 14184:World War II invasions 13752:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 13695:World War II in Poland 13355:Zebrzydowski rebellion 13338:Moldavian Magnate Wars 13305:Siege of Danzig (1577) 12206:Armistice of Cassibile 12008:Battle of Dutch Harbor 11959:Battle of the Java Sea 11862:Attack on Pearl Harbor 11762:Syria–Lebanon campaign 11755:Battle of South Shanxi 11725:Invasion of Yugoslavia 11508:Battle of the Atlantic 11122:Korean Liberation Army 10835:(until September 1943) 10792:(until September 1944) 10770:(until September 1944) 9399:April 4, 2024, at the 9386:April 4, 2024, at the 9314:April 7, 2024, at the 9105:Zaloga, Steve (1982). 8780:Jentz, Thomas (1996). 8357:The Air War: 1939–1945 7854:Sudoł, Tomasz (2011). 7516:Peace at Daggers Drawn 7195:Ohler, Norman (2017). 7080:Peszke, Michael Alfred 6223:Cite journal requires 6104:Majer, Diemut (2003). 5888:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 5760:. 1941. Archived from 5308:Siege of Warsaw (1939) 5189: 5119: 5076: 5029: 4951: 4869: 4863: 4849: 4797: 4776: 4763:Gebirgsjägerregimenter 4742: 4638: 4607:during the invasion.) 4458: 4401: 4301: 4222:, took place near the 4183: 4112: 4039: 4000: 3918: 3726: 3639: 3571: 3479:Second Polish Republic 3470: 3245:Joachim von Ribbentrop 3226: 3169: 3152: 3138: 2632:Occupation of the Ruhr 2614:Franco-Polish alliance 2500:The population of the 2432:Causes of World War II 2275: 2267: 2263: 2248:Soviets invaded Poland 295:Commanders and leaders 172:declare war on Germany 14194:September 1939 events 14127:Falsifiers of History 13965:Relations before 1941 13857:2003 invasion of Iraq 13785:Operation Ostra Brama 13680:Polish–Lithuanian War 13494:Battle of Berestechko 13222:War against Sigismund 12996:Galicia–Volhynia Wars 12370:Second Battle of Guam 12266:Bengal famine of 1943 12236:Second Battle of Kiev 12192:Battle of the Dnieper 11897:Battle of Wake Island 11769:East African campaign 11711:Battle of South Henan 11356:atrocities by Germans 11129:Korean Volunteer Army 10110:Occupation of Germany 9864:Music in World War II 9445:May 20, 2024, at the 9411:30 April 2008 at the 9260:May 11, 2009, at the 8971:Rossino, Alexander B. 8757:Hooton, E.R. (2007). 8717:Naval Institute Press 8539:. Fawcett Columbine. 8508:(19 September 2004). 8396:Bekker, Cajus (1964) 8284:Steve Zaloga (2004). 7618:Gmyz, Cezary (2007). 7579:Rossino, Alexander B. 6737:Michael Alfred Peszke 6717:Michael Alfred Peszke 5845:Bunich, Igor (1994). 5424:vtorshenie v Polshshu 5227:Zaloga and Madej, in 5170: 5114: 5071: 5019: 4978:Franz Eher Nachfolger 4949: 4864: 4854: 4847: 4795: 4778:Further information: 4771: 4740: 4636: 4453: 4412:were crippled at the 4395: 4295: 4286:Further information: 4181: 4126:Walther von Reichenau 4110: 4074:Field Army "Bernolák" 4037: 3995: 3935:territorial integrity 3927:Eastern Upper Silesia 3916: 3724: 3633: 3565: 3491:National Defence Fund 3468: 3396:some other historians 3224: 3161: 3143: 3133: 3058:roadway, part of the 2868:Battle of Lake Khasan 2781:December 9th Movement 2581:Polish–Lithuanian War 2391:into its constituent 2303:Germany–Poland border 2211:War of Poland of 1939 1918:Yugoslavian Partisans 1630:1st Tomaszów Lubelski 1578:2nd Tomaszów Lubelski 1122:Casualties and losses 79:bombers over Poland; 14111:Operation Barbarossa 13987:Population transfers 13638:Polish–Ukrainian War 13489:Khmelnytsky Uprising 13052:Polish–Teutonic wars 12861:Early modern warfare 12656:Surrender of Germany 12134:Battle of West Hubei 12091:Guadalcanal campaign 12061:Battle of Stalingrad 11987:Battle of Madagascar 10761:Albania protectorate 10548:(formerly Swaziland) 10257:Wehrmacht war crimes 10073:Expulsion of Germans 9857:Art and World War II 9755:British contribution 9704:Governments in exile 9457:26 June 2012 at the 9137:on 27 September 2005 8925:Prazmowska, Anita J. 8860:. Hippocrene Books. 8827:. London; New York: 8784:. Atglen: Schiffer. 8666:Fischer, Benjamin B. 8644:Ellis, John (1999). 8506:Baliszewski, Dariusz 8480:Baliszewski, Dariusz 8446:Ellis, John (1999). 8058:(IPN) Warszawa 2009 7779:Memoirs of a Soldier 7421:6 March 2008 at the 7360:Goldman pp. 163, 164 7182:The Gettysburg Times 6882:. My country? Europe 6727:43 (Feb 1979): 18–24 6506:Seidner, Stanley S. 6403:on 27 September 2011 6330:on 27 September 2007 5884:"German-Soviet Pact" 5482:kampania polska 1939 5162:The Second World War 4993:black-and-white film 4679:). Hitler appointed 4581:Operation Tannenberg 4396:Red Army enters the 4120:was approaching the 4069:Battle of the Border 3876:units from Slovakia. 3844:Walter von Reichenau 3747:German ground forces 3620:Supermarine Spitfire 3523:were used as mobile 3475:Partitions of Poland 3360:operational doctrine 3177:spheres of influence 2916:Slovak–Hungarian War 2563:Treaty of Versailles 2522:Treaty of Versailles 2305:to more established 2201:, also known as the 1673:Operation Tannenberg 1336:Battle of the Border 667:Stefan Dąb-Biernacki 607:Władysław Bortnowski 382:Walter von Reichenau 14199:October 1939 events 14189:Invasions of Poland 13932:Anti-Comintern Pact 13735:during World War II 13521:Kościuszko Uprising 13485:1644 Tatar Invasion 13459:Fedorovych uprising 13450:1624 Tatar Invasion 13377:Polish–Ottoman wars 13329:1593 Tatar Invasion 13321:1589 Tatar Invasion 13298:Battle of Lubieszów 13227:Battle of Stångebro 13197:Polish–Swedish wars 13104:Thirteen Years' War 12974:Miecław's Rebellion 12949:Polish–Veletian War 12886:Polish Armed Forces 12854:General and related 12746:Potsdam Declaration 12635:Italy (Spring 1945) 12398:Liberation of Paris 11855:Siege of Sevastopol 10873:(until August 1944) 10776:Wang Jingwei regime 10598:from September 1943 10558:from September 1944 10496:from September 1944 10356:Romanian war crimes 10347:Persecution of Jews 10333:Croatian war crimes 10303:Japanese war crimes 10117:Occupation of Japan 10066:First Indochina War 9778:Military production 9690:Declarations of war 9484:Advance into Poland 9427:, 24 September 2008 8947:Piotrowski, Tadeusz 8629:. Lexington Books. 8614:10.35467/sdq/103158 8482:(10 October 2004). 8354:Overy, Richard J., 8344:Google Print, p. 50 8093:16 May 2016 at the 7714:, pp. ix, 1–5. 7698:12 May 2019 at the 7688:Tomasz Chinciński, 6246:The new nationalism 5992:(weekly), 38/2004. 5603:Briand-Kellogg Pact 5447:kampania wrześniowa 5196:Frederick the Great 5192:Vernichtungsgedanke 5184:Vernichtungsgedanke 5056:Corriere della Sera 4959:Eyewitness accounts 4892:extermination camps 4716:Arthur Seyß-Inquart 4474:Franciszek Kleeberg 3963:Romanian Bridgehead 3909:Polish defence plan 3824:Johannes Blaskowitz 3792:Bohemia and Moravia 3504:Experiences in the 3277:. On the same day, 3269:sent its destroyer 3198:railway station in 3086:Neville Chamberlain 2948:Apr.–Aug. 1939 2930:Mar.–Aug. 1939 2924:Mar.–Apr. 1939 2870:July–Aug. 1938 2816:Anti-Comintern Pact 2703:January 28 incident 2502:Free City of Danzig 2478:Anti-Comintern Pact 2444:, came to power in 2440:, under its leader 2387:. The Soviet Union 2381:Free City of Danzig 2358:sphere of influence 2319:Romanian Bridgehead 2311:Battle of the Bzura 2264:kampania wrześniowa 2233:, which marked the 1476:Tomaszów Mazowiecki 832:Front Cavalry Group 594:Emil Przedrzymirski 370:Johannes Blaskowitz 136:Free City of Danzig 14169:Invasion of Poland 14044:Invasion of Poland 14013:Economic relations 13862:Occupation of Iraq 13842:War in Afghanistan 13719:Invasion of Poland 13614:fighting in Poland 13535:Poland partitioned 13481:Ostryanyn uprising 13333:Nalyvaiko Uprising 13280:Great Northern War 13244:Battle of Kircholm 13137:Battle of Grotniki 13109:War of the Priests 13082:Battle of Grunwald 12739:Surrender of Japan 12572:Battle of Iwo Jima 12421:Belgrade offensive 11834:Siege of Leningrad 11718:Battle of Shanggao 11647:British Somaliland 11612:Dunkirk evacuation 11563:Norwegian campaign 11501:Invasion of Poland 11328:Japanese prisoners 10296:Italian war crimes 10227:British war crimes 10142:Soviet occupations 9926:South-West Pacific 9813:Allied cooperation 9771:Military equipment 9439:Invasion of Poland 9356:1 September 1939. 8909:The New York Times 8893:Moorhouse, Roger. 8492:(in Polish) (1141) 8073:2012-03-23 at the 7371:Tadeusz Piotrowski 7281:E.R. Hooton, p. 91 7140:E.R. Hooton, p. 87 6992:on 9 February 2008 6840:. 3 February 2014. 6753:Google Print, p. 2 6389:Indiana University 6276:The New York Times 5817:(Krivosheev G.F., 5764:on 7 February 2009 5758:The New York Times 5732:The Canberra Times 5571:), one minelayer ( 5420:вторжение в Польшу 5120: 5034:Charge at Krojanty 5030: 4999:are stored in the 4952: 4850: 4798: 4743: 4704:Gerd von Rundstedt 4639: 4446:Hel Fortified Area 4402: 4302: 4184: 4113: 4052:Schleswig-Holstein 4040: 4001: 3986:double envelopment 3965:could be created. 3919: 3853:. Colonel General 3812:Gerd von Rundstedt 3751:declaration of war 3743:commander in chief 3727: 3640: 3572: 3540:Lotnictwo Wojskowe 3471: 3412:and strafing. The 3388:Basil Liddell Hart 3282:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 3265:On 30 August, the 3227: 3204:Jabłonków incident 3153: 3145:Vyacheslav Molotov 3110:Breakdown of talks 3026:that followed the 3017:Verteidigungskrieg 2970:Invasion of Poland 2960:May–Sep. 1939 2892:First Vienna Award 2769:He–Umezu Agreement 2536:German nationalism 2385:General Government 2219:Republic of Poland 2203:September Campaign 2199:invasion of Poland 2120:French West Africa 1961:South West Pacific 1869:Denmark and Norway 1324:Invasion of Poland 1276:132 tanks and cars 580:Wacław Stachiewicz 566:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 333:Gerd von Rundstedt 197:annexed by Germany 82:Schleswig-Holstein 56:Invasion of Poland 44:Polish–German Wars 14179:Conflicts in 1939 14156: 14155: 13944:Spanish Civil War 13938:Jewish Bolshevism 13884: 13883: 13819:Racibórz Conflict 13811:People's Republic 13805: 13804: 13780:Operation Tempest 13658:Polish–Soviet War 13599:November Uprising 13575:Austro-Polish War 13563:Prussian campaign 13529: 13528: 13424:Great Turkish War 13365:Battle of Humenné 13360:Thirty Years' War 13348:Battle of Kłuszyn 13325:Kosiński uprising 13315:Battle of Byczyna 13182: 13181: 13094:Gollub War (1422) 13089:Hunger War (1414) 13037: 13036: 13027:Battle of Legnica 12978:1072 war against 12954:Battle of Cedynia 12813: 12812: 12771: 12770: 12614:Battle of Okinawa 12513:Burma (1944–1945) 12347:Mariana and Palau 12127:Tunisian campaign 11952:Fall of Singapore 11876:Fall of Hong Kong 11619:Battle of Britain 11472:Operation Himmler 11381: 11380: 11045:Dutch East Indies 10688:Southern Rhodesia 10440: 10439: 10340:Genocide of Serbs 10243:German war crimes 10220:Soviet war crimes 10213:Allied war crimes 10059:Division of Korea 10038:Chinese Civil War 9836:Strategic bombing 9748:Manhattan Project 9063:Weinberg, Gerhard 8988:978-0-7006-1234-5 8854:Lukas, Richard C. 8568:978-1-86227-117-3 7905:978-0-465-03297-6 7866:. 8–9 (129–130). 7674:Piotrowski (1998) 7480:, pp. 20–24) 7454:Piotrowski (1998) 7400:Piotrowski (1998) 6838:"PZL P.11G Kobuz" 6578:, pp. 90–91. 6524:Heinrich Fraenkel 6393:"Chronology 1939" 6079:The Polish Review 6049:, pp. 20–24. 5972:on 5 August 2019. 5950:978-0-8028-4420-0 5927:Piotrowski (1998) 5813:Кривошеев Г. Ф., 5734:. 13 October 1939 5640:The 1939 Campaign 5498:wojna polska 1939 5432:invázia do Poľska 5422:, transcription: 5142:Henryk Dobrzański 4919:Soviet occupation 4913:According to the 4901:Intelligenzaktion 4755:Semyon Krivoshein 4731:Reichsstatthalter 4527:bombing of Warsaw 4346:Riga Peace Treaty 4118:Georg von Küchler 3863:Günther von Kluge 3859:Georg von Küchler 3557:Battle of Britain 3506:Polish–Soviet War 3441:Spanish Civil War 3344:(army) had 3,472 3303:Operation Himmler 3287:Gleiwitz incident 3279:Marshal of Poland 3258:ordered military 3090:Foreign Secretary 3072:military alliance 3009: 3008: 2804:Spanish Civil War 2739:Italo-Soviet Pact 2709:Geneva Conference 2608:Treaty of Rapallo 2602:Treaty of Trianon 2575:Polish–Soviet War 2283:Gleiwitz incident 2192: 2191: 2113:Strategic bombing 2029:Mediterranean Sea 1784: 1783: 1689: 1688: 1289: 1288: 1270:~675,000 captured 770:Belorussian Front 655:Kazimierz Fabrycy 435:Semyon Timoshenko 358:Günther von Kluge 346:Georg von Küchler 304:Invading command: 219: 218: 95:bombing of Warsaw 16:(Redirected from 14206: 13925:Prior antagonism 13911: 13904: 13897: 13888: 13887: 13775:Italian Campaign 13744:Ghetto uprisings 13731:, and 13700: 13699: 13663:Battle of Warsaw 13604:January Uprising 13543:Denisko uprising 13476:Pavlyuk uprising 13454:Zhmaylo uprising 13434:Battle of Vienna 13293:Danzig rebellion 13193: 13192: 13070:Battle of Płowce 13048: 13047: 13043:Jagiellon Poland 13005:Mongol invasions 12942: 12941: 12927: 12915: 12906: 12840: 12833: 12826: 12817: 12816: 12806: 12799: 12792: 12789:World portal 12787: 12786: 12762: 12755: 12748: 12741: 12732: 12725: 12718: 12709: 12702: 12695: 12688: 12681: 12674: 12665: 12658: 12651: 12649:Prague offensive 12644: 12642:Battle of Berlin 12637: 12630: 12623: 12616: 12609: 12602: 12595: 12588: 12586:Vienna offensive 12581: 12574: 12567: 12565:Battle of Manila 12560: 12540: 12531: 12522: 12515: 12506: 12499: 12492: 12485: 12478: 12471: 12464: 12455: 12446: 12439: 12430: 12423: 12416: 12409: 12400: 12393: 12386: 12379: 12372: 12365: 12358: 12349: 12342: 12333: 12324: 12315: 12308: 12306:Korsun–Cherkassy 12301: 12290: 12268: 12259: 12252: 12245: 12238: 12231: 12224: 12217: 12208: 12201: 12194: 12187: 12178: 12171: 12164: 12157: 12150: 12148:Bombing of Gorky 12143: 12136: 12129: 12109: 12102: 12093: 12086: 12079: 12070: 12063: 12056: 12049: 12038: 12031: 12024: 12017: 12015:Battle of Midway 12010: 12003: 12001:Battle of Gazala 11996: 11989: 11982: 11975: 11968: 11961: 11954: 11934: 11927: 11920: 11913: 11911:Battle of Borneo 11906: 11904:Malayan campaign 11899: 11892: 11885: 11878: 11871: 11864: 11857: 11850: 11848:Bombing of Gorky 11843: 11841:Battle of Moscow 11836: 11829: 11822: 11815: 11808: 11801: 11785: 11778: 11771: 11764: 11757: 11750: 11741: 11734: 11727: 11720: 11713: 11693: 11684: 11677: 11670: 11663: 11656: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11628: 11621: 11614: 11607: 11605:Battle of France 11600: 11593: 11586: 11579: 11572: 11565: 11545: 11538: 11531: 11524: 11517: 11510: 11503: 11481: 11474: 11467: 11460: 11458:Munich Agreement 11453: 11446: 11437: 11430: 11423: 11414: 11407: 11392: 11391: 11374: 11367: 11358: 11351: 11344: 11343:Soviet prisoners 11337: 11330: 11323: 11314: 11307: 11298: 11291: 11284: 11283:German prisoners 11279: 11259: 11250: 11243: 11236: 11231: 11224: 11217: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11189: 11182: 11175: 11168: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11131: 11124: 11117: 11110: 11103: 11096: 11089: 11082: 11075: 11068: 11061: 11054: 11047: 11040: 11033: 11026: 11019: 11012: 11005: 10985: 10978: 10971: 10964: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10936: 10929: 10922: 10915: 10895: 10888: 10881: 10874: 10866: 10859: 10852: 10843: 10836: 10828: 10821: 10819:French Indochina 10814: 10807: 10800: 10793: 10785: 10778: 10771: 10763: 10743: 10734: 10727: 10718: 10711: 10704: 10697: 10690: 10683: 10676: 10669: 10666:from August 1944 10657: 10650: 10643: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10601: 10589: 10582: 10575: 10568: 10561: 10549: 10541: 10534: 10527: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10499: 10487: 10480: 10473: 10466: 10451: 10450: 10431: 10424: 10417: 10410: 10403: 10392: 10377: 10370: 10363: 10358: 10349: 10342: 10335: 10326: 10319: 10312: 10310:Nanjing Massacre 10305: 10298: 10289: 10287:Nuremberg trials 10280: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10252: 10245: 10236: 10229: 10222: 10215: 10195: 10188: 10181: 10172: 10165: 10158: 10151: 10144: 10137: 10128: 10119: 10112: 10105: 10098: 10089: 10082: 10075: 10068: 10061: 10054: 10047: 10040: 10020: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9988: 9981: 9974: 9967: 9958: 9951: 9944: 9935: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9907: 9900: 9893: 9891:Asia and Pacific 9873: 9866: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9831: 9822: 9820:Mulberry harbour 9815: 9808: 9801: 9794: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9766: 9757: 9750: 9743: 9734: 9727: 9720: 9713: 9706: 9699: 9692: 9685: 9678: 9671: 9662: 9655: 9640: 9639: 9628: 9621: 9612: 9605: 9598: 9591: 9584: 9577: 9570: 9549: 9542: 9535: 9526: 9525: 9488:Internet Archive 9226: 9205:Moorhouse, Roger 9200: 9178: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9120: 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Archived from 8661: 8640: 8618: 8616: 8591: 8572: 8550: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8484:"Wojna sukcesów" 8464: 8459:Matthew Cooper, 8457: 8451: 8444: 8438: 8433:Matthew Cooper, 8431: 8425: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8401: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8367: 8361: 8352: 8346: 8328: 8322: 8310:Henryk Smaczny, 8308: 8302: 8301: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8229: 8225: 8223: 8215: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8183: 8175: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8147:. Archived from 8141: 8135: 8120: 8114: 8104: 8098: 8084: 8078: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8023: 8014: 8013: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7941: 7940: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7872: 7861: 7851: 7845: 7838: 7829: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7788: 7782: 7763: 7757: 7756: 7746: 7740: 7730: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7643: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7615: 7609: 7603: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7555: 7549: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7474: 7465: 7451: 7445: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7414: 7411:Sanford, p. 23; 7409: 7403: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7367: 7361: 7358: 7352: 7342: 7336: 7335: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7282: 7279: 7270: 7255: 7249: 7246: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7154: 7141: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7088:Hippocrene Books 7076: 7067: 7060: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7028: 7020: 7013:Edward Raczyński 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6875: 6866: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6842: 6841: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6764: 6761: 6755: 6734: 6728: 6725:Military Affairs 6714: 6708: 6707: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6630: 6627: 6621: 6618: 6612: 6609: 6603: 6599:Matthew Cooper, 6597: 6588: 6585: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6517: 6511: 6504: 6498: 6495: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6434: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6349: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6305: 6302: 6296: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6268: 6262: 6260: 6240: 6234: 6232: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6192: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6131: 6122: 6121: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6010: 6001: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5968:. Archived from 5961: 5955: 5954: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5915: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5894: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5811: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5789:Kamil Cywinski, 5787: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5724: 5715: 5709: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5683: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5661:ER Hooton, p. 85 5659: 5653: 5636: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5595: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5527: 5515: 5506: 5500: 5491: 5485: 5472:; also known as 5455: 5449: 5440: 5434: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5387: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5344:Western betrayal 5283:Oder–Neisse line 5176: 5125:Battle of France 5088:Polish Air Force 5082:Polish Air Force 5052:Indro Montanelli 4825:in 1937 and the 4662: 4585:ethnic cleansing 4583:, a campaign of 4536:and the regular 4375:prisoners of war 4371:Battle of Grodno 4256:Stukageschwaders 4061:including Wieluń 3944:counteroffensive 3764:panzergrenadiers 3570:fighter aircraft 3536:Polish Air Force 3525:mounted infantry 3350:Replacement Army 3249:Nevile Henderson 3068:balance of power 3056:extraterritorial 3028:Munich Agreement 3001: 2994: 2987: 2886:Munich Agreement 2822:Suiyuan campaign 2670:Great Depression 2658:Locarno Treaties 2545: 2544: 2377:directly annexed 2179:French Indochina 1822: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1788: 1787: 1728: 1726: 1716: 1709: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1327: 1325: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1292: 1291: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1236: 1231:5,327 casualties 1230: 1223: 1217: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181:Slovak Republic: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1113: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1023: 1017:Slovak Republic: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 956: 952: 951: 950: 939: 938: 937: 927: 926: 925: 915: 914: 913: 903: 902: 901: 891: 890: 889: 879: 878: 877: 867: 866: 865: 855: 854: 853: 808: 807: 806: 767: 766: 765: 754: 753: 752: 730: 727:Army Group South 724: 723: 722: 702: 699:Army Group North 696: 695: 694: 684:Invading armies: 665: 664: 663: 653: 652: 651: 641: 640: 639: 629: 628: 627: 619:Tadeusz Kutrzeba 617: 616: 615: 605: 604: 603: 596: 592: 591: 590: 577: 576: 575: 563: 562: 561: 552: 538: 537: 536: 526: 525: 524: 514: 513: 512: 502: 501: 500: 490: 489: 488: 478: 477: 476: 469: 461:Nikifor Medvedev 459: 458: 457: 449:Vasily Kuznetsov 447: 446: 445: 438: 432: 431: 430: 417: 416: 415: 406:Ferdinand Čatloš 404: 403: 402: 392: 391: 390: 380: 379: 378: 368: 367: 366: 356: 355: 354: 344: 343: 342: 330: 329: 328: 316: 315: 314: 305: 289: 285: 283: 282: 273: 268: 266: 265: 255: 253: 252: 245: 241: 239: 238: 205: 191: 118: 111:1 September 1939 103: 102: 73: 53: 52: 21: 14214: 14213: 14209: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14204: 14203: 14159: 14158: 14157: 14152: 14137: 14099: 14032: 14001: 13953: 13920: 13915: 13885: 13880: 13828: 13801: 13795:Warsaw Uprising 13766: 13738: 13689: 13630:Second Republic 13624: 13548:Napoleonic Wars 13525: 13442: 13371: 13284: 13178: 13164:Battle of Orsha 13147:Battle of Varna 13118: 13033: 13000: 12985:Siege of Głogów 12931: 12930: 12919: 12895: 12849: 12844: 12814: 12809: 12802: 12795: 12781: 12779: 12767: 12758: 12751: 12744: 12737: 12728: 12721: 12714: 12705: 12700:Atomic bombings 12698: 12691: 12684: 12677: 12670: 12661: 12654: 12647: 12640: 12633: 12626: 12619: 12612: 12605: 12598: 12591: 12584: 12577: 12570: 12563: 12556: 12543: 12536: 12525: 12518: 12511: 12502: 12495: 12488: 12481: 12474: 12467: 12458: 12449: 12442: 12433: 12426: 12419: 12412: 12403: 12396: 12391:Eastern Romania 12389: 12384:Warsaw Uprising 12382: 12377:Tannenberg Line 12375: 12368: 12363:Western Ukraine 12361: 12352: 12345: 12336: 12327: 12318: 12311: 12304: 12293: 12284: 12271: 12264: 12255: 12248: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12220: 12213: 12204: 12197: 12190: 12181: 12174: 12167: 12160: 12155:Battle of Kursk 12153: 12146: 12139: 12132: 12125: 12112: 12105: 12096: 12089: 12082: 12073: 12066: 12059: 12052: 12043: 12034: 12027: 12020: 12013: 12006: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11978: 11971: 11966:St Nazaire Raid 11964: 11957: 11950: 11937: 11930: 11923: 11916: 11909: 11902: 11895: 11888: 11881: 11874: 11867: 11860: 11853: 11846: 11839: 11832: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11804: 11790: 11781: 11774: 11767: 11760: 11753: 11748:Anglo-Iraqi War 11746: 11739:Battle of Crete 11737: 11730: 11723: 11716: 11709: 11696: 11687: 11680: 11673: 11668:Eastern Romania 11666: 11659: 11652: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11624: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11596: 11589: 11582: 11575: 11568: 11561: 11548: 11541: 11534: 11527: 11520: 11513: 11506: 11499: 11486: 11477: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11449: 11442: 11433: 11426: 11419: 11410: 11403: 11377: 11370: 11363: 11354: 11347: 11342: 11333: 11326: 11319: 11310: 11303: 11294: 11287: 11282: 11275: 11262: 11255: 11246: 11239: 11234: 11229:Western Ukraine 11227: 11220: 11213: 11206: 11199: 11192: 11185: 11178: 11173:Northeast China 11171: 11164: 11157: 11150: 11143: 11136: 11127: 11120: 11113: 11106: 11099: 11092: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11064: 11057: 11050: 11043: 11036: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11008: 11001: 10988: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10960: 10953: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10925: 10918: 10911: 10898: 10891: 10884: 10879:Slovak Republic 10877: 10869: 10862: 10855: 10850:Empire of Japan 10848: 10839: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10810: 10803: 10796: 10788: 10781: 10774: 10766: 10759: 10746: 10739: 10730: 10723: 10714: 10707: 10700: 10693: 10686: 10679: 10672: 10660: 10653: 10646: 10639: 10632: 10625: 10618: 10611: 10604: 10592: 10585: 10578: 10571: 10564: 10552: 10544: 10537: 10530: 10523: 10516: 10509: 10502: 10490: 10483: 10476: 10469: 10462: 10436: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10406: 10395: 10380: 10373: 10366: 10362:Sexual violence 10361: 10354: 10345: 10338: 10331: 10322: 10315: 10308: 10301: 10294: 10285: 10276: 10269: 10262: 10255: 10248: 10241: 10232: 10225: 10218: 10211: 10198: 10191: 10184: 10177: 10168: 10161: 10154: 10147: 10140: 10131: 10122: 10115: 10108: 10101: 10092: 10085: 10080:Greek Civil War 10078: 10071: 10064: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10036: 10023: 10016: 10007: 10000: 9993: 9984: 9977: 9970: 9963: 9954: 9947: 9940: 9931: 9924: 9917: 9910: 9905:South-East Asia 9903: 9896: 9889: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9818: 9811: 9804: 9797: 9790: 9783: 9776: 9769: 9764:Military awards 9762: 9753: 9746: 9739: 9730: 9723: 9716: 9709: 9702: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9674: 9667: 9658: 9651: 9631: 9624: 9617: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9589: 9580: 9573: 9566: 9558: 9553: 9471:Wayback Machine 9459:Wayback Machine 9447:Wayback Machine 9434:Wayback Machine 9413:Wayback Machine 9401:Wayback Machine 9388:Wayback Machine 9375:Wayback Machine 9362:Wayback Machine 9340:Wayback Machine 9328:Wayback Machine 9316:Wayback Machine 9304:Wayback Machine 9292:Wayback Machine 9280:Wayback Machine 9262:Wayback Machine 9244:Wayback Machine 9233: 9223: 9213:The Bodley Head 9197: 9175: 9155: 9153:Further reading 9150: 9149: 9140: 9138: 9123: 9117: 9098: 9079: 9055: 9025: 9024: 9011: 8997:Sanford, George 8989: 8963: 8939: 8914: 8912: 8903: 8887: 8868: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8811: 8792: 8773: 8750: 8727: 8704: 8682: 8680: 8679:on 13 June 2007 8658: 8637: 8588: 8569: 8547: 8525: 8523: 8495: 8493: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8458: 8454: 8445: 8441: 8432: 8428: 8420: 8416: 8408: 8404: 8395: 8391: 8384: 8368: 8364: 8353: 8349: 8329: 8325: 8309: 8305: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8268: 8266: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8227: 8226: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8177: 8176: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8151:on 4 March 2016 8143: 8142: 8138: 8124:The Polish Gold 8121: 8117: 8105: 8101: 8095:Wayback Machine 8085: 8081: 8075:Wayback Machine 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8033:on 6 April 2012 8025: 8024: 8017: 8010: 7994: 7990: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7965:A World at Arms 7960: 7956: 7951: 7944: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7906: 7898:. Basic Books. 7890: 7886: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7859: 7852: 7848: 7839: 7832: 7823: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7789: 7785: 7765:Кривошеин С.М. 7764: 7760: 7747: 7743: 7731: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7700:Wayback Machine 7685: 7684: 7680: 7672: 7668: 7657: 7653: 7637: 7636: 7629: 7627: 7616: 7612: 7604: 7600: 7592: 7588: 7577: 7573: 7565: 7561: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7543: 7535: 7531: 7512: 7508: 7500: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7475: 7468: 7452: 7448: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7423:Wayback Machine 7412: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7368: 7364: 7359: 7355: 7343: 7339: 7298: 7294: 7289: 7285: 7280: 7273: 7256: 7252: 7247: 7238: 7228: 7226: 7208: 7204: 7193: 7189: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7155: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7077: 7070: 7061: 7050: 7042: 7038: 7022: 7021: 7009: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6980: 6976: 6965: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6885: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6864: 6860: 6852: 6845: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6821: 6819: 6809: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6767: 6762: 6758: 6735: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6700: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6672: 6664: 6660: 6652: 6648: 6640: 6633: 6628: 6624: 6619: 6615: 6610: 6606: 6598: 6591: 6586: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6518: 6514: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6484: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6460: 6456: 6448: 6444: 6435: 6428: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6386: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6351: 6350: 6343: 6333: 6331: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6312: 6308: 6303: 6299: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6257: 6241: 6237: 6224: 6222: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6178: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6132: 6125: 6118: 6102: 6098: 6075: 6071: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6011: 6004: 5981: 5977: 5962: 5958: 5951: 5937: 5933: 5925: 5918: 5912:Germany 1919–45 5909: 5905: 5892: 5890: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5868: 5864: 5857: 5843: 5836: 5830: 5821:Greenhill 1997 5812: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5737: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5718: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5695: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5647:Wayback Machine 5637: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5619: 5613: 5609: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5582: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5518: 5507: 5503: 5492: 5488: 5462:kampania polska 5456: 5452: 5441: 5437: 5406: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5373: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5254: 5174: 5154: 5116:Polish soldiers 5109: 5084: 5036: 5014: 5009: 4961: 4878:Generalplan Ost 4790: 4656: 4631: 4617: 4506:Nazi propaganda 4498: 4492: 4490:Civilian deaths 4462:Battle of Szack 4422:Modlin Fortress 4298:Soviet invasion 4290: 4284: 4282:Soviet invasion 4271:Ignacy Mościcki 4220:Battle of Bzura 4205:put under siege 4097:air superiority 4032: 4030:German invasion 3911: 3867:Polish Corridor 3842:flank. General 3769:localized parts 3719: 3714: 3702:merchant marine 3694:Operation Worek 3553:PZL.50 Jastrząb 3469:Polish Infantry 3463: 3453: 3429:Heinkel He 111s 3376:, particularly 3336: 3330: 3325: 3311: 3309:Opposing forces 3112: 3005: 2976: 2975: 2836: 1937–1945 2806: 1936–1939 2800: 1936–1939 2788: 1935–1936 2747: 1933–1936 2711: 1932–1934 2699: 1931–1942 2686: 2685: 2676: 2675: 2648: 1923–1932 2634: 1923–1925 2597: 2596: 2587: 2586: 2583: 1919–1920 2577: 1919–1920 2558: 2557: 2540:German minority 2514:Polish Corridor 2450:Weimar Republic 2434: 2428: 2287:Slovak military 2227:Slovak Republic 2207:Polish Campaign 2195: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2075:Other campaigns 2069:Southern France 1978:Burma and India 1973:South-East Asia 1968:Franco-Thai War 1823: 1817: 1815: 1785: 1780: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1690: 1685: 1654: 1588:Kampinos Forest 1422:Slovak invasion 1392:Węgierska Górka 1357:Lasy Królewskie 1328: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1264:133,700 wounded 1261: 1255: 1252: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1136: 1117: 1111: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 978: 959: 948: 946: 945: 935: 933: 923: 921: 917:Pomeranian Army 911: 909: 899: 897: 887: 885: 875: 873: 863: 861: 857:Carpathian Army 851: 849: 846: 845: 838: 811:Ukrainian Front 804: 802: 763: 761: 760: 750: 748: 720: 718: 717: 692: 690: 689: 686: 685: 671: 661: 659: 649: 647: 643:Antoni Szylling 637: 635: 625: 623: 613: 611: 601: 599: 588: 586: 585: 573: 571: 559: 557: 554: 553: 551:Polish command: 550: 544: 534: 532: 522: 520: 516:Ivan Sovetnikov 510: 508: 498: 496: 486: 484: 474: 472: 463: 455: 453: 443: 441: 428: 426: 425: 420:Mikhail Kovalev 413: 411: 410: 400: 398: 388: 386: 376: 374: 364: 362: 352: 350: 340: 338: 326: 324: 312: 310: 307: 306: 303: 280: 278: 263: 261: 259: 250: 248: 247: 236: 234: 231: 200: 188: 185: 180: 143: 132:eastern Germany 109: 74: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14212: 14202: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14174:1939 in Poland 14171: 14154: 14153: 14151: 14150: 14142: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14135: 14130: 14123: 14121:Katyń massacre 14118: 14113: 14107: 14105: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14097: 14092: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069:Naval cruiser 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14040: 14038: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14009: 14007: 14003: 14002: 14000: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13978: 13977: 13967: 13961: 13959: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13934: 13928: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13914: 13913: 13906: 13899: 13891: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13878: 13877: 13876: 13866: 13865: 13864: 13859: 13849: 13844: 13838: 13836: 13834:Third Republic 13830: 13829: 13827: 13826: 13821: 13815: 13813: 13807: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13799: 13798: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13777: 13771: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13748: 13746: 13740: 13739: 13737: 13736: 13721: 13716: 13715: 13714: 13703: 13697: 13691: 13690: 13688: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13671: 13670: 13668:Kiev offensive 13665: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13634: 13632: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13622: 13621: 13620: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13590: 13589: 13579: 13578: 13577: 13567: 13566: 13565: 13555: 13553:Peninsular War 13550: 13545: 13539: 13537: 13531: 13530: 13527: 13526: 13524: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13497: 13496: 13486: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13472: 13471: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13440: 13439: 13438: 13437: 13436: 13421: 13420: 13419: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13387: 13381: 13379: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13357: 13352: 13351: 13350: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13327: 13322: 13319: 13318: 13317: 13307: 13302: 13301: 13300: 13289: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13282: 13277: 13276: 13275: 13265: 13264: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13247: 13246: 13231: 13230: 13229: 13219: 13214: 13213: 13212: 13201: 13199: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13176: 13173: 13168: 13167: 13166: 13156: 13151: 13150: 13149: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13085: 13084: 13074: 13073: 13072: 13062: 13056: 13054: 13045: 13039: 13038: 13035: 13034: 13032: 13031: 13030: 13029: 13019: 13014: 13008: 13006: 13002: 13001: 12999: 12998: 12993: 12990: 12987: 12982: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12945: 12939: 12933: 12932: 12929: 12928: 12917: 12916: 12908: 12907: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12857: 12855: 12851: 12850: 12843: 12842: 12835: 12828: 12820: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12807: 12800: 12793: 12776: 12773: 12772: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12765: 12764: 12763: 12756: 12749: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12719: 12716:South Sakhalin 12712: 12711: 12710: 12696: 12689: 12682: 12675: 12668: 12667: 12666: 12652: 12645: 12638: 12631: 12624: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12596: 12589: 12582: 12575: 12568: 12561: 12553: 12551: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12541: 12534: 12533: 12532: 12516: 12509: 12508: 12507: 12493: 12486: 12479: 12472: 12465: 12456: 12447: 12440: 12431: 12424: 12417: 12410: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12366: 12359: 12350: 12343: 12334: 12325: 12316: 12309: 12302: 12291: 12281: 12279: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12269: 12262: 12261: 12260: 12253: 12239: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12211: 12210: 12209: 12195: 12188: 12179: 12172: 12165: 12158: 12151: 12144: 12141:Battle of Attu 12137: 12130: 12122: 12120: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12110: 12103: 12094: 12087: 12080: 12071: 12064: 12057: 12050: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12032: 12018: 12011: 12004: 11997: 11990: 11983: 11976: 11969: 11962: 11955: 11947: 11945: 11939: 11938: 11936: 11935: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11907: 11900: 11893: 11890:Battle of Guam 11886: 11879: 11872: 11865: 11858: 11851: 11844: 11837: 11830: 11823: 11816: 11813:Battle of Kiev 11809: 11802: 11788: 11787: 11786: 11772: 11765: 11758: 11751: 11744: 11743: 11742: 11728: 11721: 11714: 11706: 11704: 11698: 11697: 11695: 11694: 11685: 11678: 11671: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11629: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11587: 11580: 11573: 11566: 11558: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11511: 11504: 11496: 11494: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11461: 11454: 11440: 11439: 11438: 11431: 11417: 11416: 11415: 11400: 11398: 11389: 11383: 11382: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11375: 11368: 11361: 11360: 11359: 11352: 11340: 11339: 11338: 11324: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11312:United Kingdom 11308: 11301: 11300: 11299: 11280: 11272: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11260: 11253: 11252: 11251: 11244: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11134: 11133: 11132: 11125: 11111: 11104: 11097: 11090: 11083: 11076: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11027: 11020: 11013: 11006: 10998: 10996: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10923: 10916: 10908: 10906: 10900: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10889: 10882: 10875: 10867: 10860: 10853: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10829: 10822: 10815: 10808: 10801: 10794: 10786: 10779: 10772: 10764: 10756: 10754: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10744: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10716:British Empire 10709:United Kingdom 10705: 10698: 10691: 10684: 10677: 10670: 10658: 10651: 10644: 10637: 10630: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10602: 10590: 10583: 10576: 10569: 10562: 10550: 10542: 10535: 10528: 10525:Czechoslovakia 10521: 10514: 10507: 10500: 10488: 10481: 10474: 10467: 10459: 10457: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10425: 10422:Rape of Manila 10418: 10411: 10404: 10393: 10378: 10371: 10359: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10343: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10320: 10313: 10299: 10292: 10291: 10290: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10274: 10260: 10253: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10230: 10223: 10208: 10206: 10200: 10199: 10197: 10196: 10193:United Nations 10189: 10182: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10138: 10129: 10120: 10113: 10106: 10099: 10090: 10083: 10076: 10069: 10062: 10055: 10052:Decolonization 10048: 10041: 10033: 10031: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10021: 10014: 10013: 10012: 9998: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9961: 9960: 9959: 9952: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9915: 9908: 9901: 9886: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9853: 9846: 9839: 9832: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9816: 9802: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9774: 9767: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9744: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9728: 9725:United Kingdom 9721: 9707: 9700: 9693: 9686: 9679: 9672: 9665: 9664: 9663: 9648: 9646: 9637: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9622: 9615: 9614: 9613: 9606: 9599: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9571: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9552: 9551: 9544: 9537: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9514: 9506: 9475: 9474: 9461: 9449: 9436: 9420: 9415: 9403: 9390: 9377: 9364: 9351: 9342: 9330: 9318: 9306: 9294: 9282: 9270: 9264: 9251: 9232: 9231:External links 9229: 9228: 9227: 9222:978-1847924605 9221: 9201: 9196:978-0691096032 9195: 9179: 9174:978-3596163076 9173: 9154: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9121: 9116:978-0850454178 9115: 9102: 9097:978-1841764085 9096: 9083: 9078:978-0521443173 9077: 9059: 9054:978-0706403992 9053: 9038: 9015: 9010:978-0415338738 9009: 8993: 8987: 8967: 8962:978-0786429134 8961: 8943: 8938:978-0521483858 8937: 8921: 8901: 8891: 8886:978-0801864933 8885: 8872: 8867:978-0781809016 8866: 8850: 8838:978-0714647838 8837: 8815: 8810:978-0892010646 8809: 8796: 8791:978-0887409158 8790: 8777: 8772:978-1903223710 8771: 8754: 8749:978-3763758302 8748: 8731: 8726:978-1591143291 8725: 8708: 8703:978-1472834959 8702: 8689: 8662: 8657:978-0670807734 8656: 8641: 8636:978-0739104842 8635: 8619: 8607:(1): 158–189. 8592: 8587:978-0812824681 8586: 8573: 8567: 8555:Butler, Rupert 8551: 8545: 8532: 8522:on 14 May 2007 8502: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8452: 8439: 8426: 8422:Seidner (1978) 8414: 8402: 8389: 8383:978-0521275019 8382: 8362: 8347: 8323: 8303: 8297:978-0275982782 8296: 8276: 8251: 8246:"Julien Bryan" 8237: 8228:|website= 8210: 8191: 8162: 8136: 8115: 8112:978-8376290676 8099: 8079: 8064:978-8376290676 8044: 8015: 8009:978-0521558686 8008: 7988: 7975:978-0521618267 7974: 7954: 7942: 7923: 7904: 7884: 7846: 7840:Clark, Lloyd, 7830: 7824:Clark, Lloyd, 7817: 7804:978-0804724159 7803: 7783: 7758: 7741: 7716: 7704: 7678: 7676:, p. 301. 7666: 7651: 7610: 7606:Rossino (2003) 7598: 7586: 7571: 7569:, p. 174. 7559: 7550: 7541: 7539:, p. 289. 7537:Seidner (1978) 7529: 7506: 7504:, p. 279. 7502:Seidner (1978) 7494: 7492:, p. 226. 7490:Seidner (1978) 7482: 7466: 7446: 7427: 7404: 7402:, p. 295. 7392: 7386:978-0786403714 7385: 7362: 7353: 7337: 7303:Soviet Studies 7292: 7283: 7271: 7250: 7236: 7202: 7187: 7169: 7142: 7130: 7124:978-1472834942 7123: 7103: 7097:978-0781806725 7096: 7090:. p. 37. 7068: 7048: 7046:, p. 304. 7044:Seidner (1978) 7036: 7003: 6974: 6959: 6955:Seidner (1978) 6947: 6941:978-1417992775 6940: 6920: 6914:978-1473894631 6913: 6893: 6867: 6858: 6856:, p. 122. 6854:Seidner (1978) 6843: 6829: 6803: 6789: 6786:. 3/2009: 103. 6774: 6765: 6756: 6729: 6709: 6694: 6692:, p. 158. 6690:Seidner (1978) 6682: 6680:, p. 135. 6678:Seidner (1978) 6670: 6668:, p. 270. 6666:Seidner (1978) 6658: 6656:, p. 177. 6654:Seidner (1978) 6646: 6644:, p. 162. 6642:Seidner (1978) 6631: 6622: 6613: 6604: 6589: 6580: 6568: 6556: 6544: 6512: 6499: 6490: 6478: 6466: 6454: 6442: 6436:Clark, Lloyd, 6426: 6414: 6380: 6366: 6341: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6288: 6263: 6256:978-0765805508 6255: 6235: 6225:|journal= 6202: 6193: 6184: 6177:978-0631186014 6176: 6153: 6147:978-0719059582 6146: 6123: 6117:978-0801864933 6116: 6096: 6069: 6051: 6047:Sanford (2005) 6039: 6026:978-0582034082 6025: 6002: 5975: 5956: 5949: 5931: 5929:, p. 115. 5916: 5903: 5875: 5862: 5856:978-5859760039 5855: 5834: 5803: 5794: 5775: 5745: 5716: 5701: 5684: 5675: 5663: 5654: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5590: 5580: 5556: 5546: 5536: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5501: 5486: 5450: 5435: 5400: 5388: 5379: 5367: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5250: 5153: 5146: 5108: 5105: 5083: 5080: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5007:Misconceptions 5005: 4960: 4957: 4941:Katyn massacre 4888:final solution 4833:they had been 4759:victory parade 4692:Albert Forster 4681:Arthur Greiser 4616: 4613: 4603:, which was a 4590:Einsatzgruppen 4494:Main article: 4491: 4488: 4484:Battle of Kock 4315:Shigenori Tōgō 4283: 4280: 4192:Greater Poland 4031: 4028: 4006:Danish straits 3971:operation plan 3948:Western Allies 3931:separate peace 3910: 3907: 3887: 3886: 3877: 3870: 3855:Fedor von Bock 3847: 3781:Heinz Guderian 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3600:Ludomił Rayski 3586:fighters, 175 3518:Polish cavalry 3510:trench warfare 3452: 3449: 3433:Dornier Do 17s 3410:terror bombing 3329: 3326: 3310: 3307: 3192:Jablunkov Pass 3111: 3108: 3083:Prime Minister 3060:Reichsautobahn 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2972:Sep. 1939 2967: 2966:Aug. 1939 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2942:Apr. 1939 2937: 2936:Mar. 1939 2931: 2925: 2919: 2918:Mar. 1939 2913: 2912:Mar. 1939 2907: 2906:Mar. 1939 2901: 2900:Mar. 1939 2895: 2894:Nov. 1938 2889: 2888:Sep. 1938 2883: 2882:Sep. 1938 2877: 2876:Aug. 1938 2874:Bled Agreement 2871: 2865: 2859: 2858:Mar. 1938 2853: 2852:Mar. 1938 2847: 2837: 2831: 2828:Xi'an Incident 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2721:Battle of Rehe 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2635: 2629: 2626:Corfu incident 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2430:Main article: 2427: 2424: 2366:Battle of Kock 2350:Eastern Poland 2335:Saar Offensive 2327:United Kingdom 2190: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2144:Baltic Nations 2135: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1953: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1844: 1839: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1791: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1719: 1718: 1711: 1704: 1696: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1614:Southern Front 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1532:Northern Front 1529: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1470:4–10 September 1467: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1397:Tuchola Forest 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1318: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1251: 1250: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1153:30,300 wounded 1148: 1142: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1060:3,300 aircraft 1055: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1019: 1014: 1013:2,315 aircraft 1008: 1002: 996: 990: 984: 977: 976: 969: 966: 965: 961: 960: 958: 957: 943: 931: 919: 907: 895: 883: 871: 859: 844:Polish armies: 843: 842: 841: 839: 837: 836: 835: 834: 829: 824: 819: 800: 799: 798: 793: 788: 786:Dzerzhinsk CMG 783: 778: 758: 747: 746: 741: 736: 715: 714: 713: 708: 683: 682: 681: 678: 677: 676:Units involved 673: 672: 670: 669: 657: 645: 633: 631:Juliusz Rómmel 621: 609: 597: 583: 569: 549: 548: 547: 545: 543: 542: 530: 528:Filipp Golikov 518: 506: 504:Vasily Chuikov 494: 492:Ivan Zakharkin 482: 470: 451: 439: 423: 408: 396: 384: 372: 360: 348: 336: 322: 319:Fedor von Bock 302: 301: 300: 297: 296: 292: 291: 274: 228: 227: 221: 220: 217: 216: 215: 209:Vilnius region 206: 198: 192: 182: 176: 175: 174: 173: 166:United Kingdom 162: 149: 145: 144: 126: 124: 120: 119: 115:6 October 1939 107: 99: 98: 85:attacking the 66: 65: 58: 57: 51: 50: 26: 18:Fall of Poland 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14211: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14149: 14148: 14144: 14143: 14140: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14128: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14116:Eastern Front 14114: 14112: 14109: 14108: 14106: 14102: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14089: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14072: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14035: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14010: 14008: 14004: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13976: 13973: 13972: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13956: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13939: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13927: 13923: 13919: 13912: 13907: 13905: 13900: 13898: 13893: 13892: 13889: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13870: 13867: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13854: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13835: 13831: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13812: 13808: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13790:Lwów uprising 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13772: 13769: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13741: 13734: 13733:contributions 13730: 13726: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13713: 13712:Eastern Front 13710: 13709: 13708: 13705: 13704: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13692: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13631: 13627: 13619: 13618:Eastern Front 13615: 13612: 13611: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13588: 13585: 13584: 13583: 13580: 13576: 13573: 13572: 13571: 13568: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13536: 13532: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13490: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13470: 13467: 13466: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13445: 13435: 13432: 13431: 13430: 13427: 13426: 13425: 13422: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13382: 13380: 13378: 13374: 13366: 13363: 13362: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13349: 13346: 13345: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13320: 13316: 13313: 13312: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13294: 13291: 13290: 13287: 13281: 13278: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13269: 13266: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13235: 13232: 13228: 13225: 13224: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13206: 13203: 13202: 13200: 13198: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13185: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13165: 13162: 13161: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13148: 13145: 13144: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13124: 13121: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13053: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13040: 13028: 13025: 13024: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13003: 12997: 12994: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12946: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12934: 12926: 12922: 12921: 12920: 12914: 12910: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12900: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12858: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12841: 12836: 12834: 12829: 12827: 12822: 12821: 12818: 12805: 12801: 12798: 12794: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12778: 12777: 12774: 12761: 12757: 12754: 12750: 12747: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12731: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12723:Kuril Islands 12720: 12717: 12713: 12708: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12697: 12694: 12690: 12687: 12683: 12680: 12676: 12673: 12669: 12664: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12643: 12639: 12636: 12632: 12629: 12625: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12611: 12608: 12604: 12601: 12597: 12594: 12590: 12587: 12583: 12580: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12566: 12562: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12552: 12550: 12546: 12539: 12535: 12530: 12529: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12514: 12510: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12494: 12491: 12490:Syrmian Front 12487: 12484: 12480: 12477: 12473: 12470: 12466: 12463: 12462: 12457: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12445: 12441: 12438: 12437: 12436:Market Garden 12432: 12429: 12425: 12422: 12418: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12402: 12399: 12395: 12392: 12388: 12385: 12381: 12378: 12374: 12371: 12367: 12364: 12360: 12357: 12356: 12351: 12348: 12344: 12341: 12340: 12335: 12332: 12331: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12314: 12310: 12307: 12303: 12300: 12296: 12295:Monte Cassino 12292: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12278: 12274: 12267: 12263: 12258: 12254: 12251: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12240: 12237: 12233: 12230: 12226: 12223: 12219: 12216: 12212: 12207: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12196: 12193: 12189: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12177: 12173: 12170: 12166: 12163: 12159: 12156: 12152: 12149: 12145: 12142: 12138: 12135: 12131: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12119: 12115: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12085: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12072: 12069: 12065: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12033: 12030: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12019: 12016: 12012: 12009: 12005: 12002: 11998: 11995: 11991: 11988: 11984: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11970: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11956: 11953: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11944: 11940: 11933: 11929: 11926: 11922: 11919: 11915: 11912: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11887: 11884: 11880: 11877: 11873: 11870: 11866: 11863: 11859: 11856: 11852: 11849: 11845: 11842: 11838: 11835: 11831: 11828: 11824: 11821: 11817: 11814: 11810: 11807: 11803: 11799: 11798: 11793: 11789: 11784: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11773: 11770: 11766: 11763: 11759: 11756: 11752: 11749: 11745: 11740: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11726: 11722: 11719: 11715: 11712: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11703: 11699: 11692: 11691: 11686: 11683: 11679: 11676: 11672: 11669: 11665: 11662: 11661:Baltic states 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11634: 11630: 11627: 11623: 11620: 11616: 11613: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11585: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11567: 11564: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11551: 11544: 11540: 11537: 11533: 11530: 11526: 11523: 11519: 11516: 11512: 11509: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11489: 11480: 11476: 11473: 11469: 11466: 11462: 11459: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11441: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11418: 11413: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11384: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11362: 11357: 11353: 11350: 11346: 11345: 11341: 11336: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11325: 11322: 11318: 11313: 11309: 11306: 11305:United States 11302: 11297: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11281: 11278: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11258: 11254: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11241:Quốc dân Đảng 11238: 11237: 11233: 11230: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11216: 11212: 11209: 11205: 11202: 11198: 11195: 11191: 11188: 11184: 11181: 11177: 11174: 11170: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11135: 11130: 11126: 11123: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11105: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11084: 11081: 11077: 11074: 11070: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11056: 11053: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11035: 11032: 11028: 11025: 11021: 11018: 11014: 11011: 11007: 11004: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10991: 10984: 10980: 10977: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10959: 10956: 10952: 10949: 10945: 10942: 10941:Liechtenstein 10938: 10935: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10921: 10917: 10914: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10901: 10894: 10890: 10887: 10883: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10865: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10847: 10842: 10838: 10837: 10834: 10830: 10827: 10823: 10820: 10816: 10813: 10809: 10806: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10784: 10780: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10762: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10749: 10742: 10738: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10725:United States 10722: 10717: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10706: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10692: 10689: 10685: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10645: 10642: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10614: 10610: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10588: 10584: 10581: 10577: 10574: 10570: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10540: 10536: 10533: 10529: 10526: 10522: 10519: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10475: 10472: 10468: 10465: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10443: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10415:Comfort women 10412: 10409: 10405: 10402: 10399: / 10398: 10394: 10391: 10388: / 10387: 10384: / 10383: 10379: 10376: 10375:Camp brothels 10372: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10360: 10357: 10353: 10348: 10344: 10341: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10330: 10325: 10321: 10318: 10314: 10311: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10300: 10297: 10293: 10288: 10284: 10279: 10275: 10272: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264:The Holocaust 10261: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10250:forced labour 10247: 10246: 10244: 10240: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10224: 10221: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10190: 10187: 10183: 10180: 10176: 10171: 10167: 10164: 10160: 10157: 10153: 10150: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10121: 10118: 10114: 10111: 10107: 10104: 10103:Marshall Plan 10100: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10088: 10084: 10081: 10077: 10074: 10070: 10067: 10063: 10060: 10056: 10053: 10049: 10046: 10042: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10026: 10019: 10015: 10010: 10006: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9969: 9968: 9966: 9962: 9957: 9956:Eastern Front 9953: 9950: 9949:Western Front 9946: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9934: 9930: 9927: 9923: 9920: 9916: 9913: 9909: 9906: 9902: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9879: 9872: 9868: 9865: 9861: 9858: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9844: 9843:Puppet states 9840: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9826: 9821: 9817: 9814: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9803: 9800: 9796: 9793: 9789: 9786: 9785:Naval history 9782: 9779: 9775: 9772: 9768: 9765: 9761: 9756: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9745: 9742: 9738: 9733: 9732:United States 9729: 9726: 9722: 9719: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9694: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9677: 9673: 9670: 9666: 9661: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9627: 9623: 9620: 9616: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9583: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9564: 9561: 9557: 9550: 9545: 9543: 9538: 9536: 9531: 9530: 9527: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9507: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9479: 9472: 9468: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9456: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9444: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9398: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9313: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9277: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9252: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9224: 9218: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9183:Gross, Jan T. 9180: 9176: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9157: 9156: 9136: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9112: 9108: 9103: 9099: 9093: 9089: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9070: 9069: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9050: 9046: 9045: 9039: 9035: 9029: 9021: 9016: 9012: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8900: 8899:online review 8896: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8840: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8819:Kushner, Tony 8816: 8812: 8806: 8802: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8783: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8763: 8762: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8732: 8728: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8695: 8690: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8593: 8589: 8583: 8579: 8574: 8570: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8546:0-449-90820-8 8542: 8538: 8533: 8521: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8510:"Most honoru" 8507: 8503: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8462: 8456: 8449: 8443: 8436: 8430: 8423: 8418: 8411: 8406: 8399: 8393: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8366: 8359: 8358: 8351: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8299: 8293: 8289: 8288: 8280: 8265:. Panzerworld 8264: 8262: 8255: 8247: 8241: 8233: 8221: 8213: 8211:9781543059250 8207: 8203: 8202: 8195: 8187: 8181: 8173: 8166: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8083: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8054: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8011: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7992: 7977: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7958: 7949: 7947: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7888: 7869: 7865: 7857: 7850: 7844:, 2011, p. 62 7843: 7837: 7835: 7827: 7821: 7806: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7787: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7754: 7753: 7745: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7713: 7708: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7682: 7675: 7670: 7662: 7655: 7647: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7602: 7596:, p. 45. 7595: 7594:Butler (2001) 7590: 7583: 7580: 7575: 7568: 7563: 7554: 7545: 7538: 7533: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7498: 7491: 7486: 7479: 7473: 7471: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7450: 7443: 7439: 7431: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7408: 7401: 7396: 7388: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7366: 7357: 7350: 7346: 7341: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7296: 7287: 7278: 7276: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7198: 7191: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7165: 7164: 7163:Inside Europe 7159: 7158:Gunther, John 7153: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7137: 7135: 7126: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7107: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7065: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7045: 7040: 7032: 7026: 7018: 7014: 7007: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6978: 6970: 6963: 6957:, p. 68. 6956: 6951: 6943: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6924: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6905: 6897: 6881: 6874: 6872: 6862: 6855: 6850: 6848: 6839: 6833: 6818: 6814: 6807: 6799: 6793: 6785: 6778: 6769: 6760: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6713: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6662: 6655: 6650: 6643: 6638: 6636: 6626: 6617: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6594: 6584: 6577: 6572: 6566:, p. 91. 6565: 6560: 6554:, p. 88. 6553: 6548: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6520:Roger Manvell 6516: 6509: 6503: 6494: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6470: 6463: 6458: 6451: 6446: 6440:, 2011, p. 26 6439: 6433: 6431: 6423: 6418: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6376: 6370: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6310: 6301: 6292: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6258: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6239: 6230: 6217: 6206: 6197: 6188: 6179: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6160: 6158: 6149: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6130: 6128: 6119: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6100: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6048: 6043: 6028: 6022: 6018: 6017: 6009: 6007: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5986: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5923: 5921: 5914:(2000) p. 146 5913: 5907: 5900: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5872: 5866: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5839: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5708: 5706: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5658: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5611: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5584: 5577: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5560: 5550: 5540: 5533: 5526: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5395: 5393: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5151: 5148:First use of 5145: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5137:Armia Krajowa 5132: 5130: 5126: 5117: 5113: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5063:Steven Zaloga 5059: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4927:Sovietization 4924: 4920: 4916: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4859: 4853: 4846: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4747:Brest-Litovsk 4739: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4514:(subhumans). 4513: 4512: 4511:Untermenschen 4507: 4503: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4470:Hel Peninsula 4467: 4463: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4377:like General 4376: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4323:Joseph Stalin 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4213: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4180: 4176: 4174: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4007: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3883: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3818:and from the 3817: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3771:of the enemy 3770: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3723: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3669:tanks and 38 3668: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3612:Fairey Battle 3609: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3299:Upper Silesia 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3106:for Germany. 3105: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3013:Defensive War 3002: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2954:May 1939 2953: 2952:Pact of Steel 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2928:Danzig Crisis 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2864:May 1938 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2680: 2679: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2620:March on Rome 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2591: 2590: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466:rapprochement 2463: 2462:puppet states 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404:Sovietization 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307:defense lines 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2052:Syria–Lebanon 2050: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956:Pacific Ocean 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1925:Eastern Front 1923: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874:Western Front 1872: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1821: 1818:Campaigns of 1812: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1583:Wólka Węglowa 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1526:Wola Cyrusowa 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1465: 1464:Kępa Oksywska 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1326: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1258:66,000 killed 1254: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1233: 1226: 1224:2,383 wounded 1220: 1214: 1212: 1211:Soviet Union: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1159:3,500 missing 1155: 1149: 1147:17,269 killed 1143: 1141: 1140:Nazi Germany: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1038: 1036:33+ divisions 1032: 1030: 1029:Soviet Union: 1026: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 983: 982:Nazi Germany: 980: 979: 974: 971: 970: 968: 967: 962: 955: 944: 942: 941:Prussian Army 932: 930: 920: 918: 908: 906: 896: 894: 884: 882: 872: 870: 860: 858: 848: 847: 840: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 813: 812: 801: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 772: 771: 759: 757: 756:Bernolák Army 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 729: 728: 716: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 701: 700: 688: 687: 680: 679: 674: 668: 658: 656: 646: 644: 634: 632: 622: 620: 610: 608: 598: 595: 584: 582: 581: 570: 568: 567: 556: 555: 546: 541: 540:Ivan Tyulenev 531: 529: 519: 517: 507: 505: 495: 493: 483: 481: 471: 467: 462: 452: 450: 440: 437: 436: 424: 422: 421: 409: 407: 397: 395: 385: 383: 373: 371: 361: 359: 349: 347: 337: 335: 334: 323: 321: 320: 309: 308: 299: 298: 293: 290: 288: 275: 272: 271: 258: 246: 244: 230: 229: 226: 222: 214: 210: 207: 203: 199: 196: 193: 190: 184: 183: 178: 177: 171: 167: 163: 160: 157: 156: 155: 154: 150: 147: 146: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 121: 116: 112: 108: 105: 104: 100: 96: 92: 91:Danzig Police 88: 84: 83: 78: 72: 67: 64: 59: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 14145: 14125: 14087: 14070: 14043: 13975:negotiations 13723:Polish 13718: 13707:World War II 13464:Smolensk War 13205:Livonian War 13188:Commonwealth 12937:Piast Poland 12918: 12797:Bibliography 12780: 12593:Project Hula 12558:Vistula–Oder 12527: 12460: 12451: 12435: 12405: 12354: 12338: 12329: 12320: 12286: 12183: 12098: 12074: 12044: 11795: 11688: 11633:North Africa 11500: 11335:Soviet Union 11289:Soviet Union 11215:Soviet Union 10983:Vatican City 10893:Vichy France 10798:German Reich 10695:Soviet Union 10681:South Africa 10674:Sierra Leone 10627:Newfoundland 10446:Participants 10429:Marocchinate 10133: 10124: 10094: 9972:North Africa 9933:Indian Ocean 9792:Nazi plunder 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Retrieved 7793: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7761: 7752:Wojna polska 7751: 7744: 7712:Lukas (2001) 7707: 7690: 7681: 7669: 7660: 7654: 7628:. Retrieved 7623: 7613: 7601: 7589: 7581: 7574: 7567:Corum (2013) 7562: 7553: 7544: 7532: 7514: 7509: 7497: 7485: 7478:Sanford 2005 7449: 7430: 7407: 7395: 7375: 7365: 7356: 7340: 7310:(1): 57–78. 7307: 7301: 7295: 7286: 7258: 7253: 7227:. Retrieved 7216:The Observer 7215: 7205: 7196: 7190: 7181: 7172: 7162: 7113: 7106: 7083: 7063: 7039: 7016: 7006: 6994:. Retrieved 6990:the original 6984: 6977: 6968: 6962: 6950: 6930: 6923: 6903: 6896: 6886:21 September 6884:. Retrieved 6861: 6832: 6820:. Retrieved 6816: 6806: 6792: 6783: 6777: 6768: 6759: 6740: 6732: 6724: 6720: 6712: 6703: 6697: 6685: 6673: 6661: 6649: 6625: 6616: 6607: 6600: 6583: 6576:Jentz (1996) 6571: 6564:Jentz (1996) 6559: 6552:Jentz (1996) 6547: 6540:Google Books 6527: 6515: 6507: 6502: 6493: 6481: 6469: 6457: 6445: 6437: 6421: 6417: 6405:. Retrieved 6401:the original 6396: 6383: 6369: 6357:. Retrieved 6332:. Retrieved 6328:the original 6318: 6309: 6300: 6291: 6279:. Retrieved 6275: 6266: 6245: 6238: 6216:cite journal 6205: 6196: 6187: 6166: 6136: 6106: 6099: 6085:(4): 37–45. 6082: 6078: 6072: 6054: 6042: 6030:. Retrieved 6015: 5989: 5985:Most honoru. 5983: 5978: 5970:the original 5959: 5940: 5934: 5911: 5906: 5898: 5891:. Retrieved 5887: 5878: 5870: 5865: 5846: 5831:(in Russian) 5818: 5814: 5797: 5790: 5766:. Retrieved 5762:the original 5757: 5748: 5736:. Retrieved 5731: 5711: 5697:(in Russian) 5678: 5666: 5657: 5610: 5593: 5583: 5574: 5567: 5559: 5549: 5539: 5525: 5512: 5504: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5470:Polenfeldzug 5469: 5461: 5453: 5446: 5438: 5431: 5423: 5419: 5411: 5403: 5382: 5376:17 September 5370: 5358: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5205: 5191: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5149: 5135: 5133: 5129:Maginot line 5121: 5100: 5096: 5085: 5077: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5037: 4996: 4985:Julien Bryan 4982: 4963: 4962: 4953: 4934: 4912: 4905: 4899: 4876: 4872: 4870: 4865: 4855: 4851: 4839:Lord Halifax 4831: 4819: 4799: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4750: 4744: 4729: 4708:Wilhelm List 4676: 4669:Walter Heitz 4665:West Prussia 4642:John Gunther 4640: 4609: 4605:fifth column 4598: 4595: 4588: 4578: 4574: 4537: 4531: 4522: 4518: 4516: 4509: 4501: 4499: 4477: 4459: 4454: 4434:Westerplatte 4409: 4405: 4403: 4364: 4362: 4331: 4303: 4268: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4209: 4185: 4170: 4146: 4114: 4100: 4092: 4078: 4057:Westerplatte 4050: 4041: 4020: 4015: 4011:Kriegsmarine 4009: 4002: 3982:supply lines 3979: 3975: 3967: 3952: 3920: 3898: 3888: 3880: 3832:Wilhelm List 3803: 3800: 3785: 3776: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3731:Franz Halder 3728: 3675: 3656: 3641: 3605: 3594: 3589: 3582:and some 95 3573: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3503: 3498: 3472: 3444: 3436: 3423: 3413: 3400: 3391: 3381: 3378:dive bombers 3367: 3353: 3339: 3337: 3264: 3260:mobilization 3253: 3230: 3228: 3210: 3208: 3189: 3181: 3170: 3162: 3157:Obersalzberg 3154: 3134: 3129: 3116:unilaterally 3113: 3101: 3094:Lord Halifax 3053: 3049:Slovak state 3021: 3016: 3010: 2969: 2841: 2733:Tanggu Truce 2637: 2529: 2510:East Prussia 2499: 2495:client state 2482:Soviet Union 2442:Adolf Hitler 2435: 2393:Byelorussian 2370: 2343: 2331:very limited 2280: 2231:Soviet Union 2223:Nazi Germany 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2137: 2136: 2125:Indian Ocean 2086:Ecuador–Peru 2074: 2073: 2043:Middle East 2017:North Africa 2005: 2004: 1944:Asia-Pacific 1942: 1941: 1836: 1829: 1820:World War II 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1640:Janów Forest 1613: 1612: 1531: 1530: 1469: 1468: 1434:Westerplatte 1428:Baltic coast 1427: 1426: 1334: 1322: 1282:327 aircraft 1246: 1229: 1218:1,475 killed 1210: 1180: 1177:246 aircraft 1171:800 vehicles 1139: 1130: 1114:800 aircraft 1081:39 divisions 1069: 1042:11+ brigades 1028: 1016: 989:66 divisions 981: 972: 809: 768: 725: 697: 578: 564: 433: 418: 394:Wilhelm List 331: 317: 276: 270:Soviet Union 260: 232: 225:Belligerents 159:World War II 151: 138:(modern-day 87:Westerplatte 81: 61:Part of the 48: 13609:World War I 12528:Bodenplatte 12414:Gothic Line 11640:West Africa 11187:Philippines 11166:Netherlands 11031:Czech lands 10969:Switzerland 10913:Afghanistan 10864:Philippines 10732:Puerto Rico 10648:Philippines 10634:New Zealand 10620:Netherlands 10573:Free France 10324:Prosecution 10125:Osoaviakhim 9995:West Africa 9979:East Africa 9626:Conferences 9504:Reel 4 of 4 9500:Reel 3 of 4 9496:Reel 2 of 4 9492:Reel 1 of 4 9425:Polish News 9141:10 December 9022:. New York. 8683:10 December 8290:. Praeger. 7686:(in Polish) 7435:(in Polish) 7413:(in Polish) 6822:30 November 6817:smartage.pl 5209:Brute Force 4991:) and much 4970:Leo Leixner 4931:labor camps 4923:deportation 4827:Pacific War 4657: [ 4554:Bolesławiec 4215:September. 4212:Armia Prusy 3997:Peking Plan 3717:German plan 3667:Renault R35 3549:PZL.38 Wilk 3495:Polish Army 3483:World War I 3275:Peking Plan 3267:Polish Navy 3079:with France 3035:regions of 3032:Český Těšín 2684: 1930s 2595: 1920s 2556: 1910s 2531:casus belli 2410:formed the 2354:Curzon Line 2108:Air Warfare 2022:East Africa 1491:Borowa Góra 1402:Częstochowa 1200:114 wounded 1087:16 brigades 1054:4,736 tanks 1024:3 divisions 1007:2,750 tanks 954:Warsaw Army 929:Poznań Army 905:Modlin Army 881:Lublin Army 869:Kraków Army 480:Ivan Boldin 464: [ 211:granted to 179:Territorial 14163:Categories 14133:Baltic Way 14082:Basis Nord 14059:Winter War 13992:Axis talks 13729:resistance 13273:The Deluge 12628:West Hunan 12461:Pointblank 11797:Silver Fox 11783:Summer War 11536:Winter War 11515:Phoney War 11296:Azerbaijan 11257:Yugoslavia 11152:Luxembourg 10994:Resistance 10741:Yugoslavia 10606:Luxembourg 10408:Sook Ching 10204:War crimes 9806:Technology 9799:Opposition 9741:Lend-Lease 9718:Australian 9711:Home front 9669:Blitzkrieg 9619:Casualties 9610:Commanders 9582:Operations 9248:Yad Vashem 8915:17 January 8844:2 November 8803:. Zenger. 8340:1841764086 8320:8300025553 8155:10 January 8037:4 November 7981:2 November 7810:2 November 7738:3486582062 7525:1413748295 7349:Telegram 2 7267:8373991697 6996:2 November 6749:078642009X 6536:1602391785 6359:11 January 6334:11 January 6032:2 November 5827:1853672807 5768:16 January 5738:17 January 5623:References 5288:Phoney War 5233:Blitzkrieg 5222:blitzkrieg 5166:Blitzkrieg 5158:Blitzkrieg 5150:Blitzkrieg 5061:Historian 5032:See also: 4989:Kodachrome 4873:Lebensraum 4712:Hans Frank 4619:See also: 4502:Lebensraum 4358:Belarusian 4264:short tons 4153:Sandomierz 4023:propaganda 3942:a general 3899:Fall Weiss 3840:Carpathian 3830:. General 3804:Fall Weiss 3777:Blitzkrieg 3698:Baltic Sea 3690:Royal Navy 3682:submarines 3678:destroyers 3624:PZL.46 Sum 3616:Hurricanes 3576:PZL.37 Łoś 3455:See also: 3398:disagree. 3392:Blitzkrieg 3383:Blitzkrieg 3332:See also: 3313:See also: 3291:false flag 3256:Józef Beck 3236:Emil Hácha 3231:Fall Weiss 3147:signs the 3127:scenario. 3125:Case White 3103:Lebensraum 2862:May Crisis 2846: 1937 2830: 1936 2824: 1936 2818: 1936 2812: 1936 2794: 1936 2777: 1935 2771: 1935 2765: 1935 2759: 1935 2753: 1934 2741: 1933 2735: 1933 2729: 1933 2723: 1933 2717: 1933 2705: 1932 2693: 1931 2672: 1929 2666: 1929 2664:Young Plan 2660: 1925 2654: 1924 2652:Dawes Plan 2642: 1925 2639:Mein Kampf 2628: 1923 2622: 1922 2616: 1921 2610: 1920 2604: 1920 2571: 1919 2565: 1919 2426:Background 2375:, Germany 2229:, and the 2149:Yugoslavia 2130:Madagascar 2093:Antarctica 2064:Dodecanese 1884:Resistance 1852:Winter War 1842:Phoney War 1603:Krasnobród 1593:Krasnystaw 1449:Worek Plan 1444:Danzig Bay 1206:2 aircraft 1194:11 missing 1093:4,300 guns 1048:4,959 guns 1001:9,000 guns 995:6 brigades 975:2,000,000+ 134:, and the 14104:Aftermath 13958:Political 13077:Great War 12693:Manchuria 12579:Indochina 12355:Bagration 11806:Lithuania 11451:Anschluss 11248:Viet Minh 11145:Lithuania 11087:Hong Kong 10857:Manchukuo 10812:Azad Hind 10471:Australia 10271:Aftermath 10134:Paperclip 10029:Aftermath 9829:Total war 9697:Diplomacy 9660:In Europe 9028:cite book 8829:Routledge 8450:, pp. 3–4 8230:ignored ( 8220:cite book 8180:cite book 7458:pp. 54–56 7324:0038-5859 7224:0029-7712 7062:Seidner, 7025:cite book 6706:(3): 112. 5998:0209-1747 5988:Tygodnik 5532:tankettes 5246:Wehrmacht 5218:strategic 5179:Luftwaffe 5101:Luftwaffe 5097:Luftwaffe 4896:Auschwitz 4689:Gauleiter 4615:Aftermath 4570:Włocławek 4558:Torzeniec 4538:Wehrmacht 4523:Luftwaffe 4519:Luftwaffe 4440:garrison 4430:garrisons 4354:Ukrainian 4339:Ukrainian 4327:Lithuania 4252:Luftwaffe 4240:Luftwaffe 4236:Luftwaffe 4188:Pomerelia 4165:Bug River 4157:San River 4149:Ciechanów 4101:Luftwaffe 4093:Luftwaffe 4016:Luftwaffe 3923:Plan West 3686:North Sea 3671:Vickers E 3544:Luftwaffe 3499:Luftwaffe 3461:Plan West 3445:Luftwaffe 3414:Luftwaffe 3394:theory", 3374:air power 3369:Luftwaffe 3364:encircled 3241:ultimatum 3211:Wehrmacht 2850:Anschluss 2458:satellite 2400:republics 2397:Ukrainian 2299:Wehrmacht 2297:. As the 2000:Australia 1896:Alps 1940 1889:1944–1945 1752:Kodziowce 1387:Fraustadt 1372:Grudziądz 1188:37 killed 1165:236 tanks 1107:tankettes 1099:210 tanks 1072:1,000,000 893:Łódź Army 827:12th Army 791:10th Army 781:11th Army 744:14th Army 739:10th Army 213:Lithuania 117:(35 days) 77:Luftwaffe 14147:Category 14037:Military 14006:Economic 13852:Iraq War 12804:Category 12753:document 12663:document 12520:Ardennes 12504:Budapest 12452:Crossbow 12330:Overlord 12169:Smolensk 11387:Timeline 11222:Slovakia 11208:Thailand 11059:Ethiopia 11024:Bulgaria 10948:Portugal 10886:Thailand 10768:Bulgaria 10546:Eswatini 10539:Ethiopia 10492:Bulgaria 10317:Unit 731 10278:Response 10095:Keelhaul 10045:Cold War 10018:Americas 10009:timeline 10002:Atlantic 9882:Theaters 9467:Archived 9455:Archived 9443:Archived 9430:Archived 9409:Archived 9397:Archived 9384:Archived 9371:Archived 9358:Archived 9336:Archived 9324:Archived 9312:Archived 9300:Archived 9288:Archived 9276:Archived 9258:Archived 9240:Archived 9207:(2019). 9185:(2002). 9065:(1994). 8999:(2005). 8973:(2003). 8949:(1998). 8927:(1995). 8856:(2001). 8625:(2004). 8557:(2001). 8526:24 March 8496:24 March 8437:, p. 176 8091:Archived 8071:Archived 7910:Archived 7868:Archived 7696:Archived 7640:cite web 7419:Archived 7373:(1998). 7345:Telegram 7160:(1940). 7082:(1999). 7066:, p. 312 7015:(1948). 6784:Polityka 6704:Polityka 6281:26 April 6091:25776872 5714:, p. 851 5643:Archived 5588:reserve) 5252:See also 5152:strategy 5092:trainers 5069:(2004): 4646:Slovakia 4562:Goworowo 4418:militias 4335:Red Army 4319:Nomonhan 4173:Pervitin 4161:Przemyśl 3820:Moravian 3796:Slovakia 3759:Schützen 3580:PZL P.11 3568:PZL P.11 3521:brigades 3418:fighters 3402:Aircraft 3295:Gleiwitz 3271:flotilla 3098:hegemony 3088:and his 2844:incident 2348:invaded 2346:Red Army 2325:and the 2295:Slovakia 2291:advanced 2169:Bulgaria 2098:Atlantic 2081:Americas 2034:Adriatic 1777:Wytyczno 1762:Władypol 1680:Timeline 1645:Cześniki 1625:Jarosław 1620:Przemyśl 1598:Łomianki 1548:Kałuszyn 1496:Piotrków 1417:Bukowiec 1412:Katowice 1382:Jordanów 1367:Pszczyna 1352:Krojanty 1347:Chojnice 1249:~874,700 1237:43 tanks 964:Strength 822:6th Army 817:5th Army 796:4th Army 776:3rd Army 734:8th Army 711:4th Army 706:3rd Army 257:Slovakia 123:Location 13727:, 13725:history 13616:on the 12980:Bohemia 12730:Shumshu 12497:Hungary 12444:Estonia 12428:Lapland 12406:Dragoon 12339:Neptune 12321:Ichi-Go 12287:Tempest 12229:Changde 12184:Cottage 12076:Jubilee 11792:Finland 11690:Compass 11396:Prelude 11349:Finland 11235:Vietnam 11201:Romania 11073:Germany 11052:Estonia 11038:Denmark 11017:Belgium 11010:Austria 11003:Albania 10934:Ireland 10920:Andorra 10904:Neutral 10871:Romania 10805:Hungary 10790:Finland 10662:Romania 10554:Finland 10532:Denmark 10478:Belgium 10464:Algeria 10170:Romania 10156:Hungary 9912:Pacific 9636:General 9590:Leaders 9575:Battles 9568:Outline 9250:website 9246:on the 7630:27 June 7440:Polish 7229:20 June 6542:, p. 76 6407:29 July 6066:. 2005. 5893:27 July 5652:, 2005. 5416:Russian 5237:panzers 5020:Polish 4810:Hungary 4806:neutral 4698:" and " 4579:During 4550:Złoczew 4438:Oksywie 4232:Pomorze 4197:retreat 4142:Pułtusk 4124:River, 4095:gained 4044:pretext 3959:Dniestr 3895:Vistula 3851:Prussia 3816:Silesia 3755:Panzers 3745:of the 3712:Details 3706:convoys 3673:tanks. 3634:Polish 3593:Bs, 35 3588:PZL.23 3584:PZL P.7 3566:Polish 3514:cavalry 3406:Bombers 3328:Germany 3200:Silesia 2506:exclave 2490:Belarus 2486:Ukraine 2454:Bohemia 2446:Germany 2362:Romania 2289:forces 2174:Hungary 2164:Romania 2013:Africa 1913:Balkans 1908:Britain 1862:Lapland 1857:Karelia 1847:Finland 1757:Husynne 1635:Jaworów 1506:Pułtusk 1407:Mikołów 243:Germany 181:changes 14071:Lützow 12707:Debate 12679:Taipei 12672:Borneo 12250:Tarawa 11444:Europe 11405:Africa 11194:Poland 11180:Norway 11159:Malaya 11138:Latvia 11080:Greece 11066:France 10962:Sweden 10927:Bhutan 10655:Poland 10641:Norway 10613:Mexico 10580:Greece 10566:France 10504:Canada 10485:Brazil 10455:Allies 10401:Serbia 10390:Poland 10163:Poland 10149:Baltic 9942:Europe 9644:Topics 9596:Allied 9219: 9193: 9171: 9113: 9094: 9075: 9051: 9007: 8985: 8959: 8935: 8883: 8864: 8835: 8807: 8788: 8769: 8746: 8723: 8700: 8654: 8633: 8584: 8565: 8543: 8515:Wprost 8489:Wprost 8463:, p. 4 8380: 8338: 8318: 8294: 8208: 8110: 8062: 8006: 7972: 7916:2 June 7902: 7877:1 June 7801: 7736: 7523: 7462:p. 199 7383: 7332:152247 7330: 7322: 7265: 7222: 7121: 7094: 7011:Count 6938: 6911: 6747: 6534: 6355:. Yale 6253: 6174: 6144: 6114: 6089: 6023: 5996: 5990:Wprost 5947: 5853: 5825: 5568:Wicher 5509:Polish 5494:Polish 5478:Polish 5466:German 5458:Polish 5443:Polish 5428:Slovak 5408:German 5214:panzer 5175: 5099:. The 5028:, 1938 4936:Gulags 4814:Latvia 4786:, and 4751:Panzer 4700:Krakau 4685:Danzig 4663:, and 4627:, and 4546:Błonie 4444:; the 4410:Lublin 4406:Kraków 4381:. The 4348:, the 4342:fronts 4278:area. 4275:Lublin 4244:Stukas 4228:Poznań 4201:Poznań 4138:Płońsk 4134:Kielce 4091:. The 4067:. 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