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shedding and Eskom's failure to maintain capacity. The price hike application is open for public participation until 20 January 2020. In NERSA has opposed an Eskom application to receive an additional R69 billion government bailout whilst Eskom is challenging NERSA's denial of an additional price increase for 2020/21 of 16% instead of the 8.1% price increase already approved by NERSA. During court proceedings with NERSA Eskom stated that this finances might collapse triggering a debt crisis for the South
African government that has guaranteed Eskom's debt. Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan has stated that corruption and cost overruns during the construction of Medupi and Kusile power stations has resulted in a fourfold increase in electricity prices.
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accordance to government law. This new transmission entity would involve up to 6,000 people that are responsible of setting up thousands of kilometres of "wires" and transmission lines that would ensure electricity from the power stations to where power is needed. As part of the
Transmission Development Plan (TDP) for 2020–2029 Eskom has plans to increase its transmission infrastructure by approximately 4,800 km of extra high voltage transmission lines, and over 35,000 MVA of transformer capacity over the next 10 years. This new outline of reconstructing Eskom comes from new regulatory guidelines from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) to publish an annual TDP report.
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758:, but on 12 July a new round of level 2 load shedding began due to the breakdown of generating units. During the winter of 2023, the country experienced Stage 6 blackouts, shaving a projected 2% off the country's GDP. During the worst period, power cuts lasted 12 hours a day. The company faces theft of materials for resale, sabotage to force repairs to be made at corruptly inflated prices, and assassination attempts which may be motivated by the attempt to replace coal with renewable sources.
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1853:, former head of generation for Eskom, was named as acting CEO. He resigned in 2018 after being implicated in awarding contracts to a company linked to his stepdaughter. Koko, along with his wife and stepdaughter, were arrested in October 2022. In early 2018, following the establishment of the Ramaphosa government, multiple members of the Eskom board and executive team were replaced by government due to allegations of corruption and mismanagement.
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the broader South
African economy. The situation was alleviated once Eskom secured a R3 billion commercial loan which was paid back on 2 April after the Reserve Bank disbursed R5 billion to Eskom through an emergency provision. In July 2019 Eskom announced a loss of R20.7 billion due to the cost of servicing high levels of debt, the increased cost of primary energy and unpaid municipal debts.
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Green-Energy
Initiative aimed at the development of solar and wind. This new initiative would allow loans to Eskom and below commercial rates on conditions that it would accelerate its closure of power plants and to start building renewable energy structures. This plan takes the steps in moving away from coal, and investing in alternative methods that better suit their needs for the future.
1849:. Ngubane also controversially attempted to blacklist newspapers perceived as unfriendly to Eskom. During parliament's state capture inquiry in 2017 former Eskom chairperson Zola Tsotsi (2012–2015) testified that Gupta family member Tony Gupta made threats against Tsotsi allegedly stating that Tsotsi will lose his job as he was not 'helping' the Guptas. In December 2016,
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it has raised over $ 40.1 billion in investment into developing new infrastructure, related to renewable energies. This is aimed to help distance itself from Eskom coal power plants, and to focus more on wind and solar developments. The
African investment forum is backed up by corporate organizations and lenders, private donors, and the African Development Bank.
909:(PIC) to reduce Eskom's debt from around R450 billion to more manageable levels. In return COSTATU proposed a number of conditions that included keeping workers employed. The trade union Solidarity was strongly apposed to the COSATU proposal arguing that it put the pensions of public employees at risk. The country's second biggest trade union, the
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artisans that would certify them as nuclear operators. In
January 2018, Eskom's acting chief financial officer stated that the company could not afford a new build, following a 34% drop in interim profits due to declining sales and increasing financing costs. The government stated it would proceed with the plan but more slowly.
1788:. These new investments are directed towards more high efficiency, low emission standards with an emphasis on solar technologies in which 6,000 MW of new Solar PV capabilities and 14,400 MW of new wind power technologies. With renewable energies, the IRP plans to increase its investment in hydro-electric power.
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A report compiled by Eskom and G9 Forensic found that the two consulting firms including Gupta owned
Trillian made R1.6 billion (US$ 120 million) in fees with an additional R7.8 billion made from future contracts. An investigation done by the amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism found that
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A number of South
African municipalities are in significant arrears in paying Eskom for electricity supplied to them. The large amount owed to Eskom has caused significant controversy given the state utilities financial difficulties and repeated periods of load-shedding. By January 2020 South African
2499:. According to Eskom, in one contract awarded to Deloitte, Deloitte proposed a fee of R88.8-million while the competing bids from other firms were for R14.6-million and R13.3-million. In the other contract, Deloitte's bid was R79.1-million, while the other bids were for R16-million and R9.1-million.
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In 2018 and 2019 Eskom's negative financial situation became serious as costs started exceeding income and the company started experiencing trouble raising money. For 72 hours between 26 March and 29 March 2019 it was reported that Eskom had run out of funds thereby threatening to negatively impact
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As result of the restructuring, a transmission entity called the
National Transmission Company of South Africa (NTCSA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eskom, would be given its own board, by 31 March 2020 in which the transmission legal entity would be responsible for hearing legislative amendments in
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During the 1970s the company controversially sought to increase electrical tariffs to help pay for its large expansion plans. Due to its financial situation, the government appointed Dr. W.J. de
Villiers to chair a commission that recommended a number of financial and organisational changes for the
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during which he stated that Eskom was losing roughly R1 billion (US$ 53.9 million) a month due to theft and corruption. De Ruyter attributed this to the presence within Eskom of four criminal syndicates and went on to state that a senior - although unnamed - ANC MP was involved and that government
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On 19 November 2021, Eskom announced that an initial forensic investigation found evidence that recent damage to a coal conveyor at Lethabo was the result of deliberate sabotage. Steel supports had been severed, causing a power supply pylon to collapse. In a media briefing, de Ruyter commented that
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As of October 2019 Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd issued a tender to introduce 20 three-phase KW inverters and mountains structures. These structures are planned to distribute power to four power plants, and would introduce Eskom into the solar energy market. The African Investment Forum has announced that
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were not yet operational. Corruption during the Zuma administration had been noted as a major factor in the cost overruns and long delays in completing Medupi and Kusile power plants that had a knock-on effect leading to the 2019 power shortages. The power shortage and related troubles at Eskom was
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based on a rotating schedule, in periods where short supply threatened the integrity of the grid. Demand-side management has focused on encouraging consumers to conserve power during peak periods in order to reduce the incidence of load shedding. Following the national power shortage in 2007, Eskom
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From 1960 to 1990 Eskom increased its installed power production capacity from 4,000 MW to 40,000 MW so as to keep up with rapid economic growth in the 1960s and 70s. During the same period, Eskom established a nationwide 400 kV power network. During this period the company built a number of large
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In February 2019, a new round of load shedding began due to the failure of coal burning boilers at some power stations due to poor quality coal. This resulted in long running periods of level 4 load shedding across the country in mid-March 2019, including night-time load shedding. and promised to
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into state corruption a senior Eskom executive stated that an additional R25 billion loan from the China-based company Huarong Energy Africa was improperly and controversially taken out by Eskom. After the loan had been issued Eskom chairperson Jabu Mabuza stated to the Zondo Commission that Eskom
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In February 2023, with debt sitting at R423 billion, the South African government announced that, subject to approval from existing debt holders, it would be providing support worth R254 billion, including interest payments for the following three years and three capital payments of R78-billion in
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was made acting CEO and director of Eskom in May 2018 as part of President Ramaphosa's replacement of the company's executive team. A year into his term as CEO Hadebe resigned citing poor health and the difficult circumstances of the job. His resignation sparked a debate amongst political parties
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organised a national strike and called for a moratorium on retrenchments in the private and public sectors. This caused to the apparent abandonment of the government's company breakup and restructuring plans. In July 2019 the outgoing Eskom CEO announced that Eskom had entered a "death spiral" and
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In 2016, Eskom stated it intended to pursue a nuclear solution to the country's energy shortage. According to projections from late 2016, the use of nuclear power would provide over 1000GW of power by 2050. In preparation, the company launched a training program for 100 technicians, engineers and
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as supply fell behind demand, threatening to destabilise the national grid. With a reserve margin estimated at 8% or below, such "load shedding" is implemented whenever generating units are taken offline for maintenance, repairs or re-fuelling (in the case of nuclear units). From February 2008 to
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announced that the government would be splitting Eskom up into three new state-owned entities focusing on generation, transmission and distribution. This was done so as to better manage the serious operational and financial problems facing the company. By the time of the speech Eskom had a total
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Eskom's logo has been an integral symbol of the company since its founding. For a brief period in 1986 Eskom had no logo when it was moving away from the company's original logo of stylised letters spelling "ESC" within a circle to the more contemporary version with a blue shield with a stylised
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Load shedding was reintroduced in early November 2014. The Majuba power plant lost its capacity to generate power after a collapse of one of its coal storage silos on 1 November 2014. The Majuba power plant delivered approximately 10% of the country's entire capacity and the collapse halted the
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In February 2019, shortly after the announcement by government that the company would be broken up, Eskom initiated another round of emergency load shedding. Eskom stated that the 2019 load shedding was initiated due to breakdowns at power stations as well as the depletion of water and diesel
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Eskom have again applied to NERSA for an urgent 17% increase in tariffs for 2019/2020 in an attempt to make up a R27.323 billion shortfall, Eskom is citing lower returns due to lower sales volumes as main reason for needing this price hike. The lower sales volumes is directly related to load
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in which Soweto owes R13 billion to R16.4 billion in 2019. In response, Eskom initiated a process of cutting off electricity to debtors in the city, which resulted in violent public protests. The city has a history of non-payment dating back to the 1980s when non-payment was used as a form of
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launched an investigation into corruption related to the construction of the Medupi and Kusile power stations as a cause of repeated construction delays and project cost increases; this led to the investigation of 11 contractors for allegedly stealing R139 billion (US$ 9.13 billion) from the
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300MW of power are exported to Zimbabwe in a deal valued at US$ 2 million a month. At the end of November 2019 it was revealed that Zimbabwe owed $ 22 million in debt to Eskom (about 11 months in arrears). Despite statements that Eskom continues to supply Zimbabwe during scheduled blackouts,
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the Gupta family had received contracts worth R11.7 billion from Eskom to supply coal between 2014 and 2017. With pressure for Eskom to sign the first coal supply contracts with Gupta-owned entities being applied on the state-owned firm by then President Jacob Zuma. In 2019 South African
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to declare Eskom as being the "biggest risk to South Africa’s economy." The company had R413 billion in debt and planned to raise an additional R340 billion (US$ 26 billion) by 2022 thereby representing eight percent of South Africa's GDP. R218.2 billion of the company's debt consist of
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With failing power plants and coal not working as a viable solution, progress towards a greener future is in sight for South Africa. In agreement to the Paris Agreement, South Africa needs to reduce its carbon emission and cut-back from being dependent on Coal. There is new US$ 11 Billion
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Eskom was forced to suspend its chief financial officer Anoj Singh in July 2017 when the Development Bank of South Africa threatened to recall a R15 billion loan if no action was taken against Eskom officials (including Singh) who were involved in corruption allegations involving the
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reported that he was not given the support needed to succeed in the position. Shortly after the announcement that de Ruyter would be leaving Eskom it was reported that he survived a poisoning attempt after he unknowingly drank a cup of coffee at his office that was laced with
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In March 2020, Deloitte agreed to pay back R150 million of the R207 million sought by Eskom. However, in a joint statement, it denied being part of any corruption, and that they acknowledged that there were technical irregularities in the process of awarding the contracts.
2601:(NERSA) to increase tariffs by an additional 45% over the proceeding three years arguing that it needs the increase in revenue to avoid a debt induced death spiral. Eskom was controversially granted a 13.8% increase by NERSA in March 2019. The South African civil society
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which had caused a loss of 2000 megawatts of electricity, and announced measures to bring an end to load-shedding. Mantashe and Gordhan were tasked with presenting ways to increase electricity capacity to the cabinet, which would include self-generation. Amid the crisis,
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prepared by the Department of Minerals and Energy recommended that the government restructure Eskom into separate generation and transmission businesses. Although the report predicted that this action would improve power supply and reliability, it was never enacted.
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In February 2006, Eskom announced "load shedding" in the Western Cape province, due to issues experienced by Koeberg Nuclear Power Plant. This continued until June 2006. In January 2008, Eskom introduced load shedding nationally controversially introduced "load
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denied an application by Eskom to increase electricity tariffs by a future 19.9% for the financial year 2018/19. The regulator instead granted a 5.2% increase and gave a list of reasons for the refusal to grant higher tariffs that the South African newspaper
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In January 2020 South African Minister for Public Enterprises, Pravin Gordhan, stated that cost overruns and corruption during the construction of Medupi and Kusile power stations was an important reason for the dramatic increase in Eskom electricity prices.
2430:, reported to Parliament that additional incidents of cables being cut intentionally by saboteurs, rising theft at its power plants, and corruption around the supply of fuel oil, had greatly worsened the energy crisis and Eskom's ability to resolve it.
564:, which owned a number of other power plants across the country. Thanks to state support, Eskom was able to buy out the Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Company in 1948 for £14.5 million (roughly equivalent to £2.55 billion in 2017). Following
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Eskom took out a number of loans to construct the additional capacity and significantly increased electrical tariffs by an average of 22% a year between 2007 and 2015 to in an attempt to offset costs. In 2019 Eskom controversially applied to the
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stated that by 2019 Eskom's electrical tariffs had increased by 500% over the previous 11 years. Pietermaritzburg Economic Justice and Dignity stated that the increased tariffs will exacerbate urban poverty negating increases to South Africa's
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faced criticism as his departure for Egypt was announced shortly after the move to stage 6. He returned early to address the problem, meeting on 11 December with the Eskom board. Ramaphosa then announced that there had been an element of
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The company is divided into Generation, Transmission and Distribution divisions, and together Eskom generates approximately 95% of electricity used in South Africa, amounting to ~45% used in Africa, and emits 42% of South Africa's total
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stated painted "a picture of inefficiency, inaccurate forecasting and cost overruns" at the power utility. Part of the refusal was the finding that Eskom had 6,000 more employees than needed, costing the company R3.8 billion annually.
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further into subinvestment grade cutting its long-term credit rating to BB – two levels below the investment threshold. By 2017 increasing levels of debt and corruption scandals affecting the company has led investment bank
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government's powers to influence company policy and investment decisions were greatly expanded. Due to the South African government's attempted privatisation of Eskom in the late 1990s during the administration of President
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company to adopt. This led to the company abandoning its no-profit objective and to raise funds by taking out international loans. The number of Eskom employees was also reduced from 66,000 to 60,000 in the late-1980s.
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November 2014 blackouts were temporarily halted due to reduced demand and maintenance stabilization. This drop in demand was caused by many of the country's mines shutting down or slowing to help alleviate the burden.
636:, Eskom requests for budget to build new stations were denied. After leaving the presidency, Mbeki would later state in December 2007 that this was an error, resulting in adverse affects for the South African economy.
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that the managing director for Deloitte Africa's advisory division Thiru Pillay and the lead consultant on the Eskom contract Shamal Sivasanker had resigned effective 31 March 2020 for their roles in the Eskom event.
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The IRP supports a diverse energy mix with policy aimed to help aim to meet the need of South Africa's energy goals. The Integrated Resource Plan supports electrical infrastructure developments with an aim focused on
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In July 2023, NERSA approved for the National Transmission Company of South Africa to operate a transmission system in South Africa. In September 2023, NERSA approved the remaining trading and import/export licences.
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then announced in his 2019 budget speech that government would be providing a R69 billion rand (US$ 5 billion) bail-out to Eskom over a three-year period so as to stabilise the company's serious financial situation.
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In 1981 Eskom was involved in one of its first large financial scandals when its Assistant Chief Accountant was caught embezzling R8 million from the company (equivalent to roughly R164.37 million in 2018).
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delivery of coal to the plant. A second silo developed a major crack on 20 November causing the shut down of the plant again, this after temporary measures were instituted to deliver coal to the plant.
7539:"Eskom reaches out of court settlement with Deloitte Consulting - SABC News - Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader"
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Eskom executives including Phakamani Hadebe (CEO), front row second from the left, and Jan Oberholzer (CTO), front row far left, at a 2019 public forum in Cape Town on Eskom's financial situation.
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government the company changed focus to electrification of previously neglected residential homes and to provide low cost electricity for economic growth. Following the passing of the 1998
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did not have the political will to resolve the situation. This resulted in de Ruyter's immediate resignation on 22 February 2023 from his position as CEO amidst criticism from the ANC. The
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5796:"Goodwin, Frederick Anderson, (born 17 Aug. 1958), Chief Executive, Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc, 2000–08 (Deputy Group Chief Executive, 1998–2000); Senior Adviser, RMJM, 2009–11",
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over the difficult state of managing the financially strained state owned company as well as the lack of political cover he was given to deal with labour unions and tackle corruption.
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quoted an intelligence report that named the four criminal syndicates within Eskom as "the Presidential Cartel, the Mesh-Kings Cartel, the Legendaries Cartel and the Chief Cartel."
2458:, instructed Eskom to take legal action against firms and individuals involved; ranging from Gupta family-owned consultancy firm Trillian Capital Partners Ltd. and consultancy firm
4251:"COST COMPARISONS BETWEEN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS AND PULSE JET FABRIC FILTERS AND INHERENT CHALLENGES OF BOTH TECHNOLOGIES AT ESKOM'S 6 X 600 MW UNITS AT DUVHA POWER STATION"
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downgraded Eskom's credit rating to B2 from B1 stating that it was concerned with "the lack of any tangible financial support for the company in the February state budget".
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An additional increase of 20.5% was approved by NERSA and announced by Eskom to take effect from 1 April 2022. This price raise was criticized by the mayor of Cape Town,
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on 10 000 kilometres of its existing power lines for the purpose of real-time monitoring of the electrical network; 80% consists of all-dielectric lashed cabling and 10%
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Between 2020 and 2021, two thousand employees lost their jobs at the power utility. 6000 more jobs are reportedly at risk in order for the company to continue operating.
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lightning bolt in its centre. The 1987 logo was replaced in 2002 with its current logo that replaced the shield with a circle but otherwise kept the logo as it was.
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projects. In 2019, two senior Eskom managers and two business people were charged with fraud and corruption related to the construction of the Kusile power station.
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Chaskalson, Matthew; Jochelson, Karen; Seekings, Jeremy (1987). "Rent Boycotts, the State, and the Transformation of the Urban Political Economy in South Africa".
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The Electricity Act stated that Eskom could only sell electricity at cost and was exempted from tax with the firm initially raising capital through the issuing of
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resigned from his post as chairperson of Eskom's board in January 2020. Between March and July 2020 the power supply was stable due to reduced demand during the
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skom has a proposal before the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (Nersa) to hike electricity prices by a rumoured 44% for the 2024/2025 financial year
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Eskom's sales have been declining by about 1% per annum. The less it sells, the higher the tariff it wants, and the less it sells – the utility death spiral.
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2016, Eskom said that unplanned outages had been reduced In May 2016, former president Jacob Zuma said assurances had been given to him by Eskom management.
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In 2011 eight out of ten Eskom board members were controversially sacked by the Zuma administration. From 2015 to 2017 the Zuma administration appointed
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https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/he-started-losing-energy-hes-okay-deputy-presidency-denies-mashatile-collapsed-on-stage-20240914?dicbo=v2-LWAtHDG
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3771:"Minister Pravin Gordhan welcomes approval of remaining licences for National Transmission Company of SA (NTCSA) by NERSA | South African Government"
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involved, leading to the loss of 2000MW capacity. Ramaphosa faced criticism on social media, with many blaming incompetence rather than sabotage.
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was appointed by Zuma as Eskom CEO from April 2015 to November 2016. Molefe and Ngubane's tenure was controversial for their involvement with the
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met with Eskom's board and management to discuss about the energy crises. The president attributed the recent blackouts partly to sabotage at the
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into the air in 2019, Eskom is also the largest emitter of sulphur dioxide in the power industry in the world. Eskom has periodically implemented
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as chairman. The company changed its name by combining the two acronyms in its previous name (ESCOM and ESKOM) in 1987 to become known as Eskom.
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2003 IEEE 10th International Conference on Transmission and Distribution Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance, 2003. 2003 IEEE ESMO
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Eskom – the only electricity utility in the country – has 16,789,974 subscribers in South Africa, comprising about one-third of the population.
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3129:"Consumers must be protected from renewable energy pass through costs(Media statement by Matshela Koko, Eskom Group Executive for Generation)"
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municipalities owed Eskom a total of roughly R43 billion (equivalent to US$ 2.88 billion). This had increased to R49.1 billion by July 2022.
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debt burden of R419 billion (US$ 30.8 billion) and was entering a death spiral whereby there was not enough revenue to make debt repayments.
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3015:"A comparative analysis of the coverage of the South African electrical energy crisis during the period 2005-2010 by Cape Town newspapers"
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coal-fired power stations was started in the 2007-2019 period as part of Eskom's capacity expansion program following the energy crisis.
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completed in 1975 was one of the first of the "six-pack" coal-fired power plants built during this period that Eskom was well known for.
568:, South Africa experienced power shortages that led to Eskom negotiating power saving agreements with the mining industry in June 1948.
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7719:"ESKOM INTELLIGENCE FILES, PART ONE : Introducing the four crime cartels that have brought Eskom and South Africa to their knees"
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Due to the company's large size and important role as the region's primary energy producer President Ramaphosa stated that Eskom was "
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Prior to the establishment of Eskom, the provision of electricity was dominated by municipalities and private companies. The city of
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676:. The Zuma administration decided to focus expansion efforts on building additional large scale six-pack coal-fired power plants.
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5255:"Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr - The Integrated Resource Plan 2019: A promising future roadmap for generation capacity in South Africa"
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2023/24, R66 billion in 2024/25 and R40-billion in 2025/26, with the intention to reduce Eskom's overall debt to R300 billion.
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On 24 November 2020, Moody's further downgraded Eskom's long-term credit rating to Caa1. This places Eskom's credit within the
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blamed as a significant contributing factor to a 3.2% decline in GDP growth in the first quarter of 2019, prompting fears of a
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2528:"I didn't exactly make a secret of my view that load shedding is, to a large extent, attributable to crime and corruption"
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592:. These plants were known colloquially as "six-packs" for the 6 large generator units they were designed to accommodate.
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8135:
7666:
7176:
7073:
5480:
853:" and would not be able to operate past the next three months if it did not receive additional loans. Finance Minister
7435:
5604:
2755:
820:
Rod Crompton, Adjunct professor African Energy Leadership Centre Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand
457:
10969:
10455:
10286:
9902:
9153:
8440:
2495:. The affidavit alleged that Eskom executives had improperly awarded two consulting contracts to the consulting firm
1538:
755:
600:
290:
270:
2973:
2514:
In November 2021, Eskom announced that it had appointed Deloitte as its next external auditor, as its contract with
2270:. Exacerbating the company's financial situation was a recorded R3 billion worth of irregular expenditures in 2017.
11015:
10484:
10460:
9579:
8937:
846:
576:
7513:
7322:
5404:
11833:
11099:
10885:
10465:
10306:
9725:
9439:
8603:
8528:
8399:
4981:
3902:
3825:
2409:
In December 2019, load shedding reached a new high as Eskom introduced stage 6 load shedding for the first time.
2316:
would not be repaying the Huarong loan due to irregularities and corruption involved in the issuing of the loan.
322:
258:
7027:
6997:
5771:
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3745:
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10719:
9646:
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6923:
5039:
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520:
408:, and was among the top utilities in the world in terms of generation capacity and sales. It is the largest of
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57:
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10782:
10691:
10002:
9504:
9321:
9204:
9178:
8775:
8707:
8697:
8573:
8473:
8128:
7944:"'Forget about state capture': Eskom warns of collapse without higher tariffs as it faces regulator in court"
6114:
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1880:
1668:
1616:
906:
596:
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6204:
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2303:
In July 2018 it was announced that Eskom had taken out a R33 billion loan from the Chinese government owned
672:
embarked on an aggressive electricity production expansion programme during the administration of President
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9549:
9311:
9163:
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8588:
8165:
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2274:
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294:
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11895:
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8509:
8504:
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2588:
2365:
700:
661:
401:
6232:
5219:"ICNS Workshop 2019 - Global Aeronautical Distress & Safety System (GADSS): What You Need to Know".
5141:"ICNS Workshop 2019 - Global Aeronautical Distress & Safety System (GADSS): What You Need to Know".
3527:
1805:
In 2002, Eskom was issued a network operator licence. It embarked on a $ 100 million project installing
503:
The Congella Power Station completed in 1928 was one of the first power plants built and owned by Eskom.
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8488:
8458:
8235:
6663:
4334:
2467:
266:
7997:"More than 20,000 people sign DA's petition to object to Eskom's request for a 20.5% electricity hike"
2974:"US, UK and EU will help fund South Africa's coal phaseout, offering a model for the developing world"
2716:
2307:. The loan conditions were controversially not made public with accusations that it was an example of
11560:
11455:
11272:
10404:
10291:
9544:
9454:
8825:
8314:
8275:
6034:"Eskom sabotage: How De Ruyter was undermined by new board, excluded from meetings, forced to resign"
4173:
4083:
3979:
1876:
1872:
476:
which brought the utility to the brink of bankruptcy. In 2019, it was announced that Eskom was to be
278:
28:
6291:"ANALYSIS: 72 hours in late March: When Eskom pushed South Africa to the edge of financial collapse"
5507:"Corruption Watch wants Molefe and former Eskom board members to never again be directors of an SOE"
5382:
2686:
2576:
2397:
report back. The situation at Eskom and resulting energy crisis became a political issue during the
1883:
CEO appointed to the position. De Ruyter resigned in December 2022 after repeated attacks on him by
511:
was one of the first users of public electricity when it installed electric streetlights in 1882 to
487:, a deal was announced for developed countries to fund South Africa's transition from coal power to
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11441:
11286:
11008:
10920:
9499:
9474:
9409:
8800:
8608:
8548:
8205:
5481:"Pityana to Molefe; 'Foolishly opted to be state capture tool rather than instrument of democracy'"
5065:
4818:
2374:
An election poster referring to the Eskom energy crisis in the run up to the 2019 general election.
2291:" as the reason why government had to continue to fund it despite its serious financial situation.
1814:
1785:
1040:
902:
stated that they would fight any government restructuring efforts that might result in job losses.
508:
449:
340:
242:
6007:
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10636:
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8729:
8719:
6173:
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1132:
990:
7055:"Sunday Read: Load shedding through the years and how Eskom has struggled to keep the lights on"
5280:"South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan affirms coal power is set to be replaced by renewables"
668:
588:
standardised coal-fired power plants that could produce power at very low cost due to the large
480:
into three distinct nationally owned entities due to huge debts and poor reliability of supply.
10369:
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9444:
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8306:
8195:
7970:"Gordhan: You are paying 4 times more for electricity because of stealing at Medupi and Kusile"
7487:"Gordhan: You are paying 4 times more for electricity because of stealing at Medupi and Kusile"
5010:
4257:
3422:"No load-shedding until mid-Jan, promises Ramaphosa, as 'sabotage' partly blamed for blackouts"
2304:
1752:
Eskom has a number of planned infrastructure projects to further expand electrical production.
1158:
1008:
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11715:
10803:
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8795:
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8558:
8538:
6349:
4761:"MEDUPI POWER STATION NEW RAW WATER RESERVOIR AND PIPELINES PROJECT VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT"
3396:"No load-shedding from Tuesday, promises Ramaphosa as 'sabotage' partly blamed for blackouts"
3190:
2459:
1328:
1280:
417:
282:
1904:.Eskom withdraw its work in cape town afrer one of their employees being attacked by a dog
11994:
11812:
11798:
11022:
10508:
9977:
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9509:
9132:
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9091:
9081:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9041:
8389:
8151:
6771:"'Do not wait to get caught': Eskom continues cutting power to non-paying users in Gauteng"
2649:
2423:
2267:
1424:
1376:
1304:
1256:
1206:
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1058:
742:
717:
713:
648:
644:
531:
437:
429:
421:
326:
274:
95:
10476:
5632:"Former Eskom boss Matshela Koko, wife and stepdaughter arrested on charges of corruption"
5456:"South Africa's "state capture" corruption report claimed its first high-ranking casualty"
709:
8:
11930:
11673:
11163:
10941:
10834:
10726:
10698:
10301:
10240:
9957:
9952:
9942:
9937:
9529:
9424:
9404:
9301:
9101:
9076:
9046:
9031:
8760:
8593:
8493:
8468:
8421:
8230:
8220:
8185:
5948:"Gordhan calls out Mantashe's bizarre accusations, applauds De Ruyter's efforts at Eskom"
5805:
2634:
2538:
In late February 2023 then Eskom CEO André de Ruyter gave a controversial interview with
2338:
The single largest South African municipality to owe Eskom for unpaid electricity is the
2308:
1352:
1232:
1084:
1032:
639:
580:
460:
since January 2008, a practice ascribed to basic dereliction of duty by former president
7227:"Ramaphosa slammed after blaming sabotage for Eskom loadshedding crisis | IOL News"
12015:
11937:
11750:
11572:
11413:
11305:
10878:
10859:
10754:
10740:
10532:
10409:
10389:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10097:
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10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
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10057:
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10047:
9494:
9261:
8634:
8245:
6821:
5370:
5358:
5201:
5087:
4500:
3727:
3164:
2825:"Greenpeace blames Eskom, Sasol for world sulphur hot-spot in SA's Mpumalanga province"
2618:
2539:
2257:
1953:
1775:
These new inverters would be align with South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).
589:
469:
389:
196:
169:
141:
9749:
7793:"Public hearing on Eskom's plan for 45% increase over three years begins | Cape Argus"
6611:"#StateCaptureInquiry: Mabuza says Eskom won't pay back R25bn Huarong loan | IOL News"
4843:
4789:
4621:
4416:
4364:
4312:
4286:
4227:
4201:
1868:
891:
553:
in Cape Town were the first power stations built by Eskom, both complete in mid-1928.
12044:
11962:
11687:
11525:
11434:
11379:
11170:
11001:
10892:
10796:
9389:
9296:
8785:
8665:
8270:
8081:
8022:"'Outrageous': Mayors slam Eskom's proposed electricity hikes as unlawful and unjust"
7903:
7246:"Eskom finds evidence of sabotage at Lethabo Power Station - pylon supports were cut"
6968:
6813:
6067:
5362:
5348:
5234:
5205:
5193:
5189:
5156:
3731:
3717:
3047:
2737:
1901:
1806:
512:
250:
6871:
6636:"Soweto trends as Mzansi fumes about load-shedding: 'They must pay for electricity'"
6585:"Eskom deceived SA Reserve Bank on R25bn Chinese loan, says senior company official"
4057:"2,000 Eskom employees gone in a year, but 6,000 more must go to reach 'right size'"
11923:
11784:
11743:
11620:
11462:
11372:
11339:
10927:
10666:
10230:
9464:
9399:
9384:
9354:
9281:
8734:
8675:
8379:
8374:
8351:
8260:
8200:
7613:"Eskom is the ANC's feeding trough — De Ruyter comes out guns blazing in interview"
6805:
6482:"BUDGET 2023: Government comes to Eskom's rescue by taking over R254bn of its debt"
5801:
5340:
5224:
5185:
5146:
4669:
3709:
3452:
2876:"A South African company emits more sulfur dioxide than anyone in the power sector"
2379:
2312:
1994:
1896:
1892:
1856:
1728:
1676:
1650:
1598:
1572:
1546:
1520:
488:
4335:"World's largest coal-fired power station. (Kendal Power Station in South Africa)"
3797:"Cosatu takes to the streets over Eskom, job losses. Here's what you need to know"
2572:
890:
highlighted the need for the company to restructure. Following the appointment of
12107:
11902:
11854:
11826:
11805:
11762:
11722:
11694:
11579:
11553:
11504:
11476:
11427:
11319:
11139:
10934:
10768:
10615:
10281:
9364:
9188:
8765:
8724:
8702:
8583:
8553:
8518:
8478:
8280:
6872:"Is Zimbabwe getting uninterrupted power from Eskom, despite SA's load-shedding?"
5229:
5151:
4951:
3850:
2410:
2288:
1720:
838:
726:
453:
6691:"Municipal debt to Eskom surged by R5 billion in just four months, Mabuza warns"
5344:
4747:"News on Renewable, Nuclear, Fossil, Technology, Market Data - Power Technology"
2587:
South African cents per kWh of electricity, 1994 to 2020, with the start of the
2370:
12121:
11909:
11701:
11599:
11532:
11353:
11230:
10733:
10705:
10414:
10394:
9584:
9539:
9286:
8790:
8780:
8578:
8190:
7461:"Former top Eskom managers appear in Joburg court on fraud, corruption charges"
7378:
6429:"Rating Action: Moody's downgrades Eskom's ratings; maintains negative outlook"
5332:
3654:"Eskom 'technically insolvent', won't last beyond April 2019 - committee hears"
2799:"Eskom and Sasol fingered over 'world's second-worst sulphur dioxide hot-spot'"
2544:
2515:
2427:
1884:
1694:
797:
785:
738:
734:
624:
381:
39:
7381:"amaBhungane and Scorpio #GuptaLeaks: How Eskom was captured | Daily Maverick"
6809:
2393:
In June 2018, there was Stage 1 load shedding along with a strike over wages.
12166:
11497:
11420:
11399:
11265:
11106:
10906:
10585:
10553:
10539:
10250:
9291:
9183:
8810:
8598:
8483:
8463:
8394:
8384:
8341:
8225:
8180:
6817:
6071:
5221:
2019 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)
5197:
5143:
2019 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)
4746:
2262:
1850:
1846:
1624:
413:
314:
47:
6456:"Eskom 'too big to fail' and won't be privatised, Ramaphosa tells investors"
3371:"Risk of South African economy hitting recession in 2019 high, says Moody's"
2426:
for further investigation. In May 2022 the Minister for Public Enterprises,
1454:
885:
In response to feared job losses resulting from the breakup the trade union
773:
11648:
11546:
11490:
11237:
11085:
11036:
10962:
9814:
9256:
8830:
8805:
8670:
8639:
8453:
8255:
5923:"ENERGY CRISIS OP-ED: De Ruyter resignation — tripping the light fantastic"
5683:"Gordhan appoints Phakamani Hadebe Eskom CEO in sweeping SOE board changes"
5657:"Gordhan appoints Phakamani Hadebe Eskom CEO in sweeping SOE board changes"
5397:"Revealed! How Brian Molefe sabotaged SA's world-class renewables industry"
2639:
2607:
2451:
2444:
2347:
era policies. This is thought to have cultivated a culture of non-payment.
1871:
was appointed CEO of Eskom. De Ruyter's appointment was criticised by the
1842:
1838:
1825:
1471:
1467:
854:
730:
688:
565:
473:
397:
103:
2378:
In the later months of 2007, South Africa started experiencing widespread
11729:
11708:
11613:
11312:
11092:
10983:
10608:
8655:
8623:
8416:
8404:
8324:
8250:
8240:
8170:
7847:"Sunday Read: Electricity costs will rocket way beyond 13.8%. Here's why"
7617:
6060:"South Africa police investigate alleged plot to poison CEO with cyanide"
4526:"Consolidated interim results for the six months ended 30 September 2010"
3980:"EXPLAINER: The plan to bankroll Eskom with government employee pensions"
3320:"Eskom and the multi-billion rand mega projects that could have saved SA"
2507:
2484:
2455:
1834:
826:
751:
633:
499:
461:
53:
8884:
7667:"Outgoing Eskom CEO Andre de Ruyter leaves with immediate effect | eNCA"
7642:"ANC leaders upset by Andre de Ruyter's scathing criticism of the party"
7350:"Brown orders Eskom to take legal steps against companies in Gupta saga"
7177:"Eskom is now rationing electricity at stage 6 – here's what that means"
4031:"Business Maverick: Union disunity holds up Cosatu's Eskom bailout idea"
3713:
12065:
11916:
11873:
10948:
10761:
9158:
8618:
8613:
8426:
8409:
8265:
8120:
7202:"As SA gets stage 6 load-shedding, Ramaphosa prepares to head to Egypt"
6825:
6342:"S&P's downgrades South Africa's Eskom further into junk territory"
6008:"Scandal at South Africa's Eskom: the CEO and the cyanide-laced coffee"
4256:. International Society for Electrostatic Precipitation. Archived from
2037:
1702:
1564:
1463:
850:
746:
673:
444:
in the Western Cape Province, the only nuclear power plant in Africa.
229:
158:
6720:"FACT CHECK: Does Soweto owe Eskom R18 billion in unpaid electricity?"
3680:"Eskom support will weigh on South Africa's finances - S&P Global"
3595:"Explainer: why South Africa's energy generator is in so much trouble"
3503:"South Africa's Eskom cannot say how long latest power cuts will last"
2916:"No power from Kusile after R233 billion and 15 years of construction"
2571:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
491:. However, employment in the mining sector threatens this transition.
11360:
11346:
11251:
11177:
11057:
11029:
10789:
10657:
10629:
10601:
9834:
9173:
8334:
8329:
8215:
8175:
7562:"Update: In the wake of Eskom scandal, two Deloitte directors resign"
7272:"André de Ruyter: Deliberate acts of sabotage are causing power cuts"
5897:"ESKOM'S SURPRISE BOSS: Questions arise after new Eskom CEO is named"
3476:"President Ramaphosa notes resignation of Eskom chair Mr Jabu Mabuza"
2948:"Eskom to be split into three SOEs, Cyril Ramaphosa confirms in Sona"
2621:
as damaging to the economy and requested that it not be implemented.
2344:
1642:
1459:
722:
556:
One of Eskom's first power plants was a coal-fired 128 MW station in
538:
530:
which allowed the South African Electricity Control Board to appoint
516:
425:
254:
149:
6560:"Eskom urged to divulge R33bn loan terms with China bank | IOL News"
2851:"South Africa is second-largest hotspot of sulfur dioxide emissions"
2491:
to recover R207 million in consulting fees from the consulting firm
12100:
11847:
11819:
11791:
11627:
11483:
11195:
11113:
10913:
10571:
9829:
8448:
7151:"Eskom was told to keep the lights on at all costs until elections"
6534:"Terms of Chinese loan to Eskom still confidential, says Ramaphosa"
3928:"Eskom's De Ruyter must either toe government's line or ours - NUM"
2890:"Thabo Mbeki's explosive allegations about Eskom and load-shedding"
2496:
2492:
2415:
1498:
966:
655:
5532:"Molefe among Eskom, Transnet executives facing arrest in January"
5306:"$ 11 Billion Green-Energy Initiative Takes Shape in South Africa"
5178:
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series
3448:"WRAP | Ramaphosa's promise to SA: 'It won't be a dark Christmas'"
12086:
12001:
11955:
11736:
11666:
11641:
11293:
11223:
11216:
11078:
10976:
10578:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
8369:
8359:
6990:"Watch Majuba Power Station Seconds Before Silo Collapse (Video)"
6898:"Eskom To Export Electricity To Zimbabwe Only If It Is Available"
5739:
Skiti, Sabelo; Cowan, Kyle; wa Africa, Mzilikazi (27 July 2017).
3618:
2717:"Which Countries Produce And Consume Most Electricity in Africa?"
2644:
712:
corruption, coal availability, and that new power plants such as
557:
433:
99:
5559:"Ex-Eskom chair Zola Tsotsi testifies how Guptas threatened him"
3621:
White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa
11974:
11469:
11279:
11258:
11209:
11127:
10955:
10827:
10650:
10594:
10187:
10102:
8364:
7871:
7379:
amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism (9 June 2017).
7125:"ANALYSIS: Eskom's nine circles of hell, and election politics"
4248:
1864:
1845:
and for allegedly allowing the company to become a vehicle for
1791:
546:
541:, later issuing state-guaranteed loans instead. The coal-fired
405:
67:
4005:"Solidarity vows to fight Cosatu's Eskom pensions rescue plan"
3877:"Reading the signs, Eskom's death spiral is about to speed up"
3343:
2774:"Eskom, Sasol Emit Over Half of South Africa's Greenhouse Gas"
905:
In December 2019 COSATU suggested that money be used from the
12079:
12008:
11866:
11511:
11120:
10684:
10525:
10439:
10137:
10042:
7020:"Eskom admits another coal-storage silo at Majuba is cracked"
3626:(Report). Department of Minerals and Energy. pp. 55–56.
348:
185:
6841:"Zimbabwe Receiving "Uninterrupted Power Supply" from Eskom"
6745:"Protests over power cuts disrupt morning traffic in Soweto"
5430:"Former Eskom chair Ben Ngubane 'wanted papers blacklisted'"
5038:. South Africa: The Good News. 29 March 2009. Archived from
4473:. Government of South Africa. 11 August 2008. Archived from
3577:"Will South Africa's Power Crisis Sink Its Green Ambitions?"
3292:"Dark days are here again: As Eskom buckles, anger rises..."
708:
resources. Other reasons cited included legacy issues from
12072:
11634:
11406:
10506:
10225:
8319:
7818:"How Eskom's looming 'death spiral' is menacing SA economy"
7409:"SIU probes R139 billion rot at Medupi and Kusile - report"
7298:"Eskom finds evidence of sabotage at Lethabo Power Station"
6795:
5710:"Eskom head Hadebe quits 'toxic' job | IOL Business Report"
4338:
3903:"South Africa's Eskom facing "death spiral": departing CEO"
3553:
South Africa nearing end of daily power cuts, minister says
1891:
partly due to de Ruyter's advocacy for replacing coal with
599:
to both provide power to Cape Town and help facilitate the
8103:
7919:"'SA bent over backwards for Eskom': Nersa heads to court"
7514:"The dirt on Deloitte's consulting deals at Eskom, Part 1"
7074:"Eskom load shedding at crisis levels, says energy expert"
6508:"Eskom inks R33.4bn loan deal with China Development Bank"
3071:. Johannesburg: Chris van Rensburg Publishers. p. 77.
1778:
833:
In February 2019, these plans were resurrected during the
319:
The Natal Navigation Colliers & Estate Company Limited
2738:"Electricity - production - Country Comparison - TOP 100"
2201:
365:
7874:"Eskom's latest hike will 'wipe out' R80 grant increase"
6373:"Goldman Sachs sees Eskom as biggest risk to SA economy"
2462:
to Anoj Singh and acting chief executive Matshela Koko.
2356:
electricity is only supplied if Eskom does not need it.
404:. The utility is the largest producer of electricity in
9779:
6371:
Bonorchis, Renee; Burkhardt, Paul (22 September 2017).
5028:
4489:
3290:
Mthethwa, Rebecca Davis and Ayanda (11 February 2019).
1817:
prefixes of all registered network operator licensees.
1449:
614:
5741:"Eskom suspends Gupta-linked finance chief Anoj Singh"
4869:"CASE STUDY OF INGULA AND LIMA PUMPED STORAGE SCHEMES"
3528:"Eskom stage 2 load shedding starts on Sunday morning"
2922:. dailyinvestor.com. Daily Investor. 12 September 2023
2454:. In September 2017, Minister for Public Enterprises,
8078:
Eskom: Electricity and Technopolitics in South Africa
7099:"Eskom's nine circles of hell, and election politics"
5819:"Eskom CEO appointment met with surprise, scepticism"
5176:"AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK: Africa Investment Forum".
4893:
3066:
691:
and the administration of then President Jacob Zuma.
128:
Electricity generation, transmission and distribution
7692:"Andrè de Ruyter leaves Eskom with immediate effect"
4996:
4497:"CONSTRUCTION OF KUSILE POWER STATION GETS UNDERWAY"
3708:, OECD Publishing, 11 March 2019, pp. 192–193,
3564:
South Africa: load shedding will intensify in winter
3240:. Nuclear Engineering International. 1 February 2018
3238:"South Africa's nuclear plans under reconsideration"
595:
In 1974 the company was instructed to start work on
571:
5738:
5333:"Fibre optic roll out on Eskom transmission system"
3619:Department of Minerals and Energy (December 1998).
2896:. dailyinvestor.com. Daily Investor. 24 August 2023
2478:
6370:
5871:"EFF rejects de Ruyter's appointment as Eskom CEO"
4098:"ANKERLIG AND GOURIKWA GAS TURBINE POWER STATIONS"
2972:McKenzie, David; Balkiz, Ghazi (2 November 2021).
8048:"Eskom's unaffordable tariff hikes need a review"
5845:"Nampak's Andre de Ruyter appointed as Eskom CEO"
5584:"Matshela Koko takes reins at Eskom as acting CE"
4557:
4555:
4553:
4463:
4431:
3067:Conradie, S. R.; Messerschmidt, L. J. M. (2000).
2359:
12164:
7872:KAILENE PILLAY AND SE-ANNE RALL (4 April 2019).
7587:"Eskom picks Deloitte as next external auditors"
7323:"Saboteurs threaten South Africa's power supply"
5921:Mills, Ray Hartley and Greg (14 December 2022).
3826:"Eskom death spiral: Where's the restructuring?"
3574:
943:
913:, was also skeptical of COSATU's proposed plan.
656:Load shedding and second expansion: 2007-present
8075:
7767:"Eskom's shocking annual price hike since 2007"
4940:
4739:
4275:
3851:"Why the lights keep going out in South Africa"
3108:"South African Inflation Adjustment Calculator"
3044:Electricity, Industry and Class in South Africa
2284:of investment, with a "very high credit risk".
5975:"NEWSFLASH: Eskom CEO André de Ruyter resigns"
4804:
4586:
4584:
4550:
4520:
4518:
4301:
3344:Mike Cohen and Paul Vecchiatto (5 June 2019).
3216:"Eskom defends SA's nuclear aspirations | IOL"
2971:
2340:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
10492:
9765:
8900:
8136:
7900:"Eskom tariff hike - Energy Expert Coalition"
4687:
4670:"Majuba Coal Fired Power Plant, South Africa"
4610:
4327:
4249:Rod Hansen, Robbie van Rensburg (June 2006).
4242:
2652:– founder and first chairman of ESCOM (Eskom)
868:National Transmission Company of South Africa
485:2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference
5800:, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007,
4927:"IAEA PRIS – Country Details – South Africa"
4778:
4636:
4387:"The Role of the State in the Energy Sector"
4353:
4190:
3230:
1863:Six months after Hadebe's departure, former
1792:Investment in renewables, hydro, wind, solar
684:
10241:President of South Africa Residence Nkandla
7742:
7296:Tshikalange, Shonisani (19 November 2021).
7295:
6924:"Expect Tight Energy Supply for Four Years"
5772:"Eskom: The art of steering a sinking ship"
5112:"Renewable Energy - Sere wind farm project"
4966:
4836:
4713:
4581:
4515:
4405:
4216:
4115:
4092:
4090:
4079:
4077:
3588:
3586:
3012:
2521:
1766:
394:Elektrisiteitsvoorsieningskommissie (EVKOM)
311:Technology Services International (Pty) Ltd
12178:Government-owned companies of South Africa
10499:
10485:
9772:
9758:
8907:
8893:
8143:
8129:
7347:
6895:
5763:
5707:
5556:
3013:Holtzhausen, Jacobus Petrus (March 2012).
2438:
601:South African government's nuclear program
562:Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Company
477:
287:Hem-kom Live Line Engineering(pty) Limited
8980:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
8914:
7745:"Eskom electricity prices – 1994 to 2020"
6532:Magubane, Khulekani (11 September 2018).
6453:
5228:
5150:
4531:. Eskom. 23 November 2011. Archived from
4174:"Fact sheets with additional information"
2599:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
2350:
696:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
12173:Electric power companies of South Africa
9601:Johannesburg Landfill Gas to Electricity
8975:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation
8150:
8076:Jaglin, Sylvy; Dubresson, Alain (2016).
7916:
7269:
7148:
7049:
7047:
7045:
6531:
6317:"Coal black cloud over Eskom's big loss"
5769:
5557:le Cordeur, Matthew (22 November 2017).
5330:
4848:Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
4379:
4087:
4074:
3874:
3746:"Eskom unbundling 'milestone' announced"
3592:
3583:
3289:
3188:
3041:
2369:
1889:Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy
1824:
1453:
808:
683:In 2017, Eskom was the focus of a major
638:
575:
498:
16:South African electricity public utility
12188:Nuclear power companies of South Africa
10440:Rheinmetall Denel Munition South Africa
10231:Mahlamba Ndlopfu Presidential Residence
7917:Slabbert, Antoinette (5 January 2020).
7841:
7839:
7403:
7401:
6921:
6713:
6711:
6658:
6656:
6558:Maqhina, Mayibongwe (29 October 2018).
6557:
6505:
6479:
6314:
6005:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5701:
5424:
5422:
3900:
3794:
3651:
3317:
2714:
2518:was expiring at the end of that month.
1800:
1779:South Africa's integrated resource plan
1756:Tubatse Pumped Storage Scheme – 1500MWe
384:. Eskom was established in 1923 as the
12165:
12073:South African Broadcasting Corporation
11607:Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers
10676:
10236:Sefako Makgatho Presidential Residence
7994:
7559:
7511:
7433:
7348:Vecchiatto, Paul (22 September 2017).
7122:
6973:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6288:
6199:
6197:
6168:
6166:
6137:
6135:
5973:Diemen, Ethan van (14 December 2022).
5972:
5894:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5453:
4499:. Eskom. 5 August 2008. Archived from
4168:
4166:
4164:
3870:
3868:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3795:Niselow, Tehillah (13 February 2019).
3743:
3346:"How Eskom maimed SA's entire economy"
3313:
3311:
3261:"No more steep tariff hikes for Eskom"
3184:
3182:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2124:Employee benefit expenses (R billion)
1811:All-dielectric self-supporting cabling
931:List of power stations in South Africa
412:. Eskom operates a number of notable
410:South Africa's state owned enterprises
299:Rosherville Vehicle Services (Pty) Ltd
10480:
10420:BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa
10226:Nelson Mandela Qunu Village residence
9753:
8888:
8124:
8045:
7743:Labuschagne, Hanno (17 August 2020).
7716:
7270:Haffajee, Ferial (19 November 2021).
7243:
7042:
6987:
6869:
6396:
6057:
5920:
5895:Merten, Marianne (18 November 2019).
5708:Mkhawanazi, Siyabonga (26 May 2019).
5009:. Eskom. October 2005. Archived from
4817:. Eskom. October 2005. Archived from
4592:"Eskom Supply status – week 47, 2013"
4471:"Work begins on Kusile power station"
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4028:
3677:
3318:Gosling, Melanie (13 February 2019).
3258:
2945:
2848:
2822:
2603:Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse (OUTA)
924:
725:in 2019. In December 2019, President
519:in 1895 with the construction of the
386:Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM)
10993:
10277:Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
9732:
7836:
7398:
6922:Hartleb, Thomas (11 February 2008).
6851:from the original on 25 October 2020
6838:
6708:
6688:
6653:
6253:
6225:
6096:
5992:
5675:
5419:
4978:International Hydropower Association
3706:Measuring the Digital Transformation
3652:Omarjee, Lameez (13 February 2019).
3633:from the original on 15 October 2021
3069:A Symphony of Power: The Eskom Story
2557:
2422:the matter had been referred to the
2399:2019 South African general elections
2254:Standard & Poor's Global Ratings
1820:
1450:Renewable and nuclear power stations
911:Federation of Unions of South Africa
615:Post-1994 election period: 1994-2007
468:during this period was fraught with
263:Eskom Enterprises Global West Africa
12052:Development Bank of Southern Africa
10435:South African National Space Agency
10267:Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
10251:Presidential Residence (Genadendal)
9781:National Key Points in South Africa
9692:Department of Energy (South Africa)
9624:
7736:
7434:HOSKEN, GRAEME (24 February 2019).
7071:
6798:Review of African Political Economy
6506:Khumalo, Sibongile (24 July 2018).
6454:Chabalala, Jeanette (15 May 2019).
6194:
6163:
6132:
5727:
5454:Chutel, Lynsey (11 November 2016).
5184:(11): 22365B–22367A. January 2019.
4812:"Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme"
3954:"Cosatu suggests an Eskom solution"
3901:Winning, Alexander (30 July 2019).
3865:
3814:
3500:
3308:
3179:
2991:
2934:
2908:
2882:
2668:
452:. By releasing 1.6 million tons of
307:South Dunes Coal Terminal (Pty) Ltd
13:
10317:Western Cape Provincial Parliament
8821:Renewable energy commercialization
8069:
7123:Merten, Marianne (26 March 2019).
7026:. 21 November 2014. Archived from
6988:Gibbs, JeVanne (4 November 2014).
6870:Banya, Nelson (11 December 2019).
6608:
6289:Merten, Marianne (24 April 2019).
5806:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.17529
5088:"Renewable Energy: Sere wind farm"
4141:
4054:
3824:Duncan, Felicity (1 August 2019).
3593:Crompton, Rod (10 February 2019).
2550:
2483:In October 2019, Eskom's chairman
2324:
1813:. It currently has the sixth most
1747:
880:
14:
12204:
10456:O. R. Tambo International Airport
10375:Onderstepoort Biological Products
10287:North West Provincial Legislature
9913:Durban North Distribution Station
9908:Durban South Distribution Station
9154:Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme
8095:
7790:
7717:Bloom, Kevin (26 February 2023).
7639:
7512:Comrie, Susan (15 January 2020).
7149:Modjadji, Ngwako (1 April 2019).
6717:
6664:"Cosatu has a plan to save Eskom"
6480:Mahlaka, Ray (22 February 2023).
6031:
5629:
5403:. 2 February 2018. Archived from
4029:Davie, Kevin (12 February 2020).
3875:Haffajee, Ferial (31 July 2019).
3575:Mariel Ferragamo (20 July 2023).
3189:Donnelly, Lynley (10 June 2011).
3163:. 21 January 2007. Archived from
2715:Sanchez, Dana (28 October 2014).
1539:Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme
845:In a February 2019 briefing, the
572:First expansion period: 1960-1994
291:Mountain Communications (Pty) Ltd
271:Eskom Finance Company SOC Limited
12139:
12138:
11016:African Alliance Investment Bank
10461:King Shaka International Airport
9988:Muldersvlei Transmission Station
9731:
9720:
9719:
9580:Wesley-Ciskei Wind Power Station
9395:Dassiesklip Wind Energy Facility
8869:
8868:
8289:
8039:
8014:
7995:Zeeman, Kyle (23 January 2022).
7988:
7962:
7936:
7910:
7892:
7865:
7810:
7784:
7759:
7710:
7684:
7659:
7633:
7605:
7579:
7553:
7531:
7505:
7479:
7453:
7427:
7372:
7341:
7315:
7289:
7263:
7244:Cowan, Kyle (19 November 2021).
7237:
7219:
7194:
7168:
7142:
7116:
7091:
7065:
7012:
6981:
6941:
6915:
6889:
6863:
6832:
6789:
6763:
6737:
6682:
6628:
6602:
6577:
6551:
6525:
6499:
6473:
6447:
6421:
6390:
6364:
6334:
6315:KHUMALO, KABELO (31 July 2019).
6308:
6282:
6085:
6051:
6025:
5966:
5940:
5914:
5888:
5863:
5837:
5811:
5789:
5770:Donnelly, Lynley (29 May 2019).
5649:
5630:Cowan, Pieter du Toit and Kyle.
5623:
5597:
5576:
5550:
5524:
5499:
5473:
5447:
5389:
5324:
5298:
5223:. IEEE. April 2019. pp. i.
5190:10.1111/j.1467-6346.2018.08659.x
5145:. IEEE. April 2019. pp. i.
4948:"Annual Report 2006 (Chapter 3)"
3678:Jones, Marc (21 February 2019).
3046:. London: Macmillan. p. 5.
2946:Paton, Carol (7 February 2019).
2562:
2479:2019 Deloitte consulting lawsuit
2319:
1762:Tasakoolo Wind farm 200 – 200Mwe
847:Department of Public Enterprises
796:
784:
772:
217:
216:
192:
191:
165:
164:
137:
136:
27:
12183:Companies based in Johannesburg
12151:Companies based in Johannesburg
10466:Cape Town International Airport
10352:South African Bank Note Company
10307:Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
10173:Transnet Pipeline Witbank Depot
9923:Lotus Park Distribution station
9893:Klaarwater Distribution Station
9853:Grassridge Transmission Station
9555:Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm
9440:Impofu Wind Power Farms Complex
8111:Official Eskom Heritage website
7174:
6896:cfeditoren (12 December 2019).
6397:Laing, Robert (29 March 2018).
6261:"Integrated Annual Report 2019"
6233:"Integrated Annual Report 2018"
6205:"Integrated Annual Report 2017"
6174:"Integrated Annual Report 2015"
6143:"Integrated Annual Report 2013"
6104:"Integrated Annual Report 2011"
6006:Pilling, David (2 March 2023).
5605:"Eskom's Matshela Koko resigns"
5272:
5247:
5212:
5169:
5134:
5104:
5080:
5054:
5004:"Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme"
4974:"Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme"
4919:
4861:
4753:
4662:
4439:"Coal-burning generating plant"
4048:
4022:
3997:
3972:
3946:
3920:
3894:
3843:
3788:
3763:
3737:
3697:
3671:
3645:
3612:
3579:. Council on Foreign Relations.
3568:
3557:
3546:
3520:
3494:
3468:
3440:
3414:
3388:
3363:
3337:
3283:
3252:
3208:
3153:
3121:
3100:
3075:
3060:
3035:
2965:
2823:McKay, David (19 August 2019).
2687:"Integrated Annual Report 2021"
2487:filed a court affidavit at the
2298:
1569:Free State-Eastern Cape border
861:
380:is a South African electricity
323:Trans Africa Projects (Pty) Ltd
259:Eskom Enterprises (Pty) Limited
9998:Droeriver Transmission Station
9647:Graaff Electric Lighting Works
7560:Comrie, Susan (9 April 2020).
6839:Head, Tom (11 December 2019).
3259:Joffe, Hilary (5 March 2018).
2868:
2842:
2816:
2791:
2766:
2756:"Company information overview"
2748:
2730:
2708:
2360:Power shortage: 2007 - ongoing
935:
521:Graaff Electric Lighting Works
303:Rotek Industries (Pty) Limited
247:EON Solutions Africa (Pty) Ltd
1:
12144:Companies based in Ekurhuleni
12038:Airports Company South Africa
10783:Rossair Executive Air Charter
10692:African International Airways
10400:Main Telephone Exchange (PPR)
10297:Government Building Nelspruit
10003:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
9322:Touwsrivier CPV Solar Project
9205:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
9179:Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
8816:Renewable Energy Certificates
8776:Cost of electricity by source
8698:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
8574:High-voltage shore connection
3744:Comins, Lyse (30 July 2023).
2778:news.bloombergenvironment.com
2661:
2506:In April 2020, Deloitte told
2433:
1907:
1837:as chairperson of the board.
1669:Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
944:Fossil-fuelled power stations
916:
907:Public Investment Corporation
896:National Union of Mineworkers
597:Koeberg nuclear power station
532:Hendrik Johannes van der Bijl
442:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
9898:Pegasus Transmission Station
9878:Minerva Transmission Station
9858:Perseus Transmission Station
9317:SlimSun Swartland Solar Park
9312:Redstone Solar Thermal Power
9236:Newcastle Cogeneration Plant
9164:Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
8831:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
8629:Transmission system operator
8589:Mains electricity by country
8166:Automatic generation control
7436:"Eskom: R139bn theft probed"
6399:"Eskom's credit rating blow"
5230:10.1109/icnsurv.2019.8735411
5152:10.1109/icnsurv.2019.8735411
4389:. dme.gov.za. Archived from
2343:non-violent protest against
2200:Electrical output capacity (
1591:Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
1513:Colley Wobbles Power Station
621:democratic elections in 1994
523:to power 775 street lights.
295:PN Energy Services (Pty) Ltd
7:
10425:Hartebeeshoek Earth Station
10312:120 Plein Street, Cape Town
9993:Acasia Transmission Station
9918:Athene Transmission Station
9888:Impala Transmission Station
9873:Apollo Transmission Station
9707:South African energy crisis
9272:Jasper Solar Energy Project
9112:Pretoria West Power Station
8856:List of electricity sectors
8851:Electric energy consumption
8569:High-voltage direct current
8544:Electric power transmission
8534:Electric power distribution
8211:Energy return on investment
5345:10.1109/TDCLLM.2003.1196468
5259:www.cliffedekkerhofmeyr.com
5062:"Renewable Energy Projects"
5036:"SA to get third wind farm"
2656:South African energy crisis
2628:
2591:in 2007 marked on the chart
2589:South African energy crisis
2404:
2366:South African energy crisis
2313:Zondo Commission of Inquiry
835:State of the Nation address
662:South African energy crisis
402:Southern African Power Pool
10:
12209:
12193:Corruption in South Africa
11561:Union Carriage & Wagon
11245:iVeri Payment Technologies
11065:Imperial Bank South Africa
10163:Bosloop Water Pump Station
10113:Tarlton Distribution Depot
10038:OilTanking Grindrod Calulo
9868:Hydra Transmission Station
9702:Renewable energy in Africa
9340:Amakhala Emoyeni Wind Farm
9307:Mulilo Sonnedix Prieska PV
9037:Bloemfontein Power Station
8771:Carbon offsets and credits
8489:Three-phase electric power
3042:Christie, Renfrew (1984).
2468:Special Investigating Unit
2442:
2363:
928:
894:as Eskom CEO trade unions
865:
659:
494:
267:Eskom Finance Co (Pty) Ltd
12133:
12025:
11986:
11947:
11885:
11774:
11658:
11591:
11456:Isuzu Trucks South Africa
11391:
11331:
11187:
11155:
10869:
10844:
10817:
10563:
10515:
10448:
10360:
10292:KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
10259:
10216:
10153:Grootfontein Pump Station
10026:
9903:Drakensberg Power Station
9843:
9787:
9715:
9684:
9613:
9593:
9545:Seriti Wind Power Station
9330:
9249:
9213:
9197:
9146:
9125:
9024:
9013:
8996:Atomic Energy Corporation
8988:
8962:
8953:
8920:
8864:
8839:
8826:Renewable Energy Payments
8749:
8686:
8648:
8502:
8439:
8350:
8315:Fossil fuel power station
8305:
8298:
8287:
8158:
6810:10.1080/03056248708703748
6433:Moody's Investors Service
4283:"Grootvlei Power Station"
2333:
2275:Moody's Investors Service
1458:Eskom Generation's pilot
643:Construction work on the
526:Eskom was founded by the
515:. This was followed by
361:
357:
339:
335:
279:Gallium Insurance Co. Ltd
228:
210:
183:
156:
132:
124:
109:
91:
73:
63:
45:
35:
26:
11681:African Rainbow Minerals
11287:Teraco Data Environments
11009:Access Bank South Africa
10380:SSA Communication Centre
10282:Pretoria Union Buildings
10168:Nooitgedact Pump Station
10148:Rieftontein Pump Station
10108:Airport e-Natis Facility
9948:Sol Transmission Station
9662:Mount Road Power Station
9475:Loeriesfontein Wind Farm
9267:Droogfontein Solar Power
8609:Single-wire earth return
8549:Electrical busbar system
8206:Energy demand management
8080:. Cape Town: UCT Press.
8046:Eyaaz (29 August 2024).
6058:Staff (8 January 2023).
5339:. IEEE. pp. 50–57.
4309:"HENDRINA POWER STATION"
3480:www.thepresidency.gov.za
3191:"Behind the Eskom purge"
3083:"Congella Power Station"
2522:2023 de Ruyter interview
1875:and factions within the
1786:renewable energy sources
1767:Investment in renewables
761:
551:Salt River Power Station
464:. Implementation of new
450:greenhouse gas emissions
243:Amazing Amanzi (Pty) Ltd
11540:South African Breweries
10637:Phoebus Apollo Aviation
10013:Ankerlig Power Station
9883:Grootvlei Power Station
9835:Mokolo Dam Pump Station
9672:Swartkops Power Station
9657:Kroonstad Power Station
9485:Noblesfontein Wind Farm
9420:Golden Valley Wind Farm
9169:Kouga Dam Power Station
9052:Grootvlei Power Station
8740:Residual-current device
8730:Power system protection
8720:Generator interlock kit
8052:The Mail & Guardian
6668:The Mail & Guardian
5952:The Mail & Guardian
4950:. Eskom. Archived from
4901:"Koeberg Power Station"
4788:. Eskom. Archived from
4723:. Eskom. Archived from
4697:. Eskom. Archived from
4695:"MATIMBA POWER STATION"
4646:. Eskom. Archived from
4620:. Eskom. Archived from
4618:"Lethabo Power Station"
4444:. Eskom. Archived from
4415:. Eskom. Archived from
4363:. Eskom. Archived from
4311:. Eskom. Archived from
4285:. Eskom. Archived from
4226:. Eskom. Archived from
4200:. Eskom. Archived from
4125:. Eskom. Archived from
3958:The Mail & Guardian
3853:. BBC. 16 February 2019
3750:The Mail & Guardian
3022:Stellenbosch University
2489:Johannesburg High Court
2439:2017 corruption scandal
2247:
2086:Total debt (R billion)
1133:Grootvlei Power Station
849:stated that Eskom was "
528:Electricity Act of 1922
79:; 101 years ago
11100:Stanchart South Africa
10370:Square Kilometre Array
10272:Free State Legislature
10203:FA Production Platform
10063:Kroonstad Pump Station
10053:Coalbrook Pump Station
10048:Bethlehem Pump Station
10008:Gourikwa Power Station
9933:Hendrina Power Station
9846:and transmission sites
9844:Electricity generation
9652:Ingagane Power Station
9642:Driehoek Power Station
9575:West Coast 1 Wind Farm
9445:Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm
9241:Port Rex Power Station
9231:Gourikwa Power Station
9226:Ankerlig Power Station
9057:Hendrina Power Station
9001:Johannesburg Gas Works
8928:Energy in South Africa
8524:Distributed generation
8196:Electric power quality
6111:financialresults.co.za
4786:"Tutuka Power Station"
4644:"KAJUBA POWER STATION"
4361:"KENDAL POWER STATION"
4198:"Camden Power Station"
2530:
2375:
2351:Zimbabwe Power Exports
2305:China Development Bank
1830:
1475:
1401:Port Rex Power Station
1273:4/6 units operational
1159:Hendrina Power Station
1109:Gourikwa Power Station
1009:Ankerlig Power Station
817:
652:
584:
543:Congella Power Station
504:
393:
12094:South African Airways
11841:Incredible Connection
10804:South African Express
10748:Interair South Africa
10183:Zaaihoek Pump Station
10158:Vygeboom Pump Station
9983:Matimba Power Station
9863:Lethabo Power Station
9667:Orlando Power Station
9637:Colenso Power Station
9632:Athlone Power Station
9565:Van Stadens Wind Farm
9515:Phezukomoya Wind Farm
9350:Brandvallei Wind Farm
9138:Rooiwal Power Station
9097:Matimba Power Station
9087:Lethabo Power Station
8915:Power in South Africa
8796:Fossil fuel phase-out
8564:Electricity retailing
8559:Electrical substation
8539:Electric power system
8116:Map of Power Stations
6689:Magubane, Khulekani.
5331:Marshall, E. (2003).
4721:"MATLA POWER STATION"
4413:"KRIEL POWER STATION"
4224:"DUVHA POWER STATION"
4123:"Arnot Power Station"
2526:
2373:
2311:by China. During the
2268:government guarantees
1895:as an energy source.
1879:who instead wanted a
1828:
1617:Koeberg Power Station
1457:
1329:Matimba Power Station
1281:Lethabo Power Station
851:technically insolvent
813:
809:Restructuring efforts
642:
623:and the start of the
579:
513:reduce crime at night
502:
418:Matimba Power Station
283:Golang Coal (Pty) Ltd
11995:Avis Southern Africa
11834:Hyundai South Africa
11813:The Creative Counsel
10956:Riovic Capital Group
10853:DLO Energy Resources
10835:Murray & Roberts
10509:Greater Johannesburg
10363:and technology sites
10198:PetroSA GTL Refinery
10178:Khutala Pump Station
10143:Jericho Pump Station
9978:Majuba Power Station
9973:Komati Power Station
9968:Kendal Power Station
9963:Tutuka Power Station
9928:Camden Power Station
9697:Coal in South Africa
9510:Perdekraal Wind Farm
9505:Oyster Bay Wind Farm
9460:Klipheuwel Wind Farm
9430:Grassridge Wind Farm
9415:Gibson Bay Wind Farm
9221:Acacia Power Station
9133:Kelvin Power Station
9117:Tutuka Power Station
9107:Medupi Power Station
9092:Majuba Power Station
9082:Kusile Power Station
9072:Komati Power Station
9067:Kendal Power Station
9062:Kelvin Power Station
9042:Camden Power Station
8152:Electricity delivery
7906:on 15 December 2019.
7360:on 22 September 2017
4792:on 27 September 2011
4650:on 16 September 2019
4503:on 27 September 2011
4230:on 27 September 2011
4204:on 27 September 2011
3501:Winning, Alexander.
2650:Hendrik van der Bijl
2162:Number of employees
1801:Other infrastructure
1425:Tutuka Power Station
1377:Medupi Power Station
1305:Majuba Power Station
1257:Kusile Power Station
1207:Komati Power Station
1183:Kendal Power Station
1059:Camden Power Station
983:Acacia Power Station
825:In December 1998, a
743:Tutuka Power Station
438:Kendal Power Station
430:Kusile Power Station
422:Medupi Power Station
396:). Eskom represents
327:Transpoint (Pty) Ltd
275:Eskom Uganda Limited
11164:Southern Sun Hotels
11051:First National Bank
10942:Lesaka Technologies
10776:Nationwide Airlines
10727:Executive Aerospace
10699:AirQuarius Aviation
10507:Companies based in
10337:SARB Port Elizabeth
10322:SARB Port Elizabeth
10302:Limpopo Legislature
9958:Duvha Power Station
9953:Matla Power Station
9943:Arnot Power Station
9938:Kriel Power Station
9550:Soetwater Wind Farm
9535:San Kraal Wind Farm
9530:Roggeveld Wind Farm
9525:Rietkloof Wind Farm
9480:Metrowind Wind Farm
9435:Hopefield Wind Farm
9425:Gouda Wind Facility
9405:Excelsior Wind Farm
9380:Copperton Wind Farm
9375:Cookhouse Wind Farm
9302:Letsatsi Solar Park
9102:Matla Power Station
9077:Kriel Power Station
9047:Duvha Power Station
9032:Arnot Power Station
8761:Availability factor
8713:Sulfur hexafluoride
8594:Overhead power line
8494:Virtual power plant
8469:Induction generator
8422:Sustainable biofuel
8231:Home energy storage
8221:Grid energy storage
8186:Droop speed control
7385:dailymaverick.co.za
7030:on 11 December 2014
7000:on 11 December 2014
6928:Mail & Guardian
6609:Dludla, Siphelele.
6352:on 26 November 2016
5407:on 26 December 2019
5312:. 16 September 2019
5122:on 21 December 2018
4701:on 18 November 2019
4393:on 16 December 2007
3714:10.1787/b710d3da-en
3167:on 22 February 2006
2635:Cahora Bassa (HVDC)
2309:debt-trap diplomacy
2282:"speculative grade"
2256:downgraded Eskom's
1353:Matla Power Station
1233:Kriel Power Station
1085:Duvha Power Station
1033:Arnot Power Station
729:, deputy president
629:Eskom Amendment Act
581:Arnot Power Station
466:generating capacity
212:Number of employees
177:US$ -1.28 billion
23:
12016:Surtees Rail Group
11751:Sibanye-Stillwater
11573:Basil Green Motors
11414:African Explosives
11306:Internet Solutions
11086:Rand Merchant Bank
10860:Total South Africa
10755:Interlink Airlines
10741:Imperial Air Cargo
10410:African Explosives
10390:Denel Land Systems
10093:Total Depot Alrode
10088:Sasol Depot Alrode
10078:Shell Depot Alrode
10058:Sasol Pump Station
9788:Water supply sites
9495:Noupoort Wind Farm
9370:Coleskop Wind Farm
9262:De Aar Solar Power
8635:Transmission tower
8246:Nameplate capacity
7771:businesstech.co.za
7698:. 22 February 2023
7621:. 22 February 2023
7467:. 19 December 2019
7415:. 24 February 2019
6589:businesslive.co.za
6435:. 24 November 2020
5954:. 15 December 2022
5851:. 18 November 2019
5825:. 18 November 2019
5776:The M&G Online
5611:. 16 February 2018
5609:businesslive.co.za
5538:. 22 December 2019
5487:. 27 February 2017
5434:businesslive.co.za
4824:on 16 October 2013
4538:on 24 January 2011
3960:. 13 December 2019
3934:. 18 December 2019
3456:. 11 December 2019
3428:. 11 December 2019
3402:. 11 December 2019
3195:The M&G Online
3141:on 2 February 2017
2952:businesslive.co.za
2855:businesstech.co.za
2762:. 14 January 2021.
2619:Geordin Hill-Lewis
2608:basic income grant
2376:
1831:
1807:fibre optic cables
1476:
925:Installed capacity
685:corruption scandal
653:
590:economies of scale
585:
505:
204:US$ 52.84 billion
115:Mpho Paul Makwana
21:
12160:
12159:
12045:Denel Aeronautics
11963:SA Waste Holdings
11688:AngloGold Ashanti
11526:SkyReach Aircraft
11435:Clover Industries
11380:Mandela and Tambo
11171:Sun International
11151:
11150:
10813:
10812:
10474:
10473:
10347:SARB Johannesburg
10332:SARB Bloemfontein
10219:residential sites
10068:Magdala TPL Depot
9747:
9746:
9680:
9679:
9609:
9608:
9570:Waainek Wind Farm
9520:Red Cap Wind Farm
9450:Kangans Wind Farm
9390:Darling Wind Farm
9297:Lesedi Solar Park
9009:
9008:
8882:
8881:
8786:Environmental tax
8666:Cascading failure
8435:
8434:
8271:Utility frequency
8087:978-1-77582-215-8
7976:. 22 January 2020
7950:. 15 January 2020
7824:. 6 December 2018
7593:. 4 November 2021
7493:. 22 January 2020
7175:Wet, Phillip de.
7024:Business day live
6845:The South African
6777:. 30 January 2020
6751:. 3 February 2020
6670:. 29 January 2020
5354:978-0-7803-7917-6
5286:. 28 January 2021
5240:978-1-72811-893-2
5162:978-1-72811-893-2
5068:on 24 August 2013
4984:on 7 January 2009
4954:on 3 January 2010
4451:on 17 August 2011
4419:on 24 August 2010
4315:on 25 August 2010
4289:on 25 August 2010
3907:finance.yahoo.com
3723:978-92-64-31198-5
3482:. 10 January 2020
3053:978-1-349-07032-9
2878:. 7 October 2021.
2696:. 15 January 2021
2584:
2583:
2533:- André de Ruyter
2380:rolling blackouts
2273:On 28 March 2018
2241:
2240:
1821:Corporate affairs
1759:Wind 500 – 550MWe
1745:
1744:
1447:
1446:
960:Date commissioned
756:COVID-19 lockdown
669:rolling blackouts
458:rolling blackouts
374:Eskom Hld SOC Ltd
371:
370:
251:Escap SOC Limited
224:
206:
202:
179:
175:
147:
77:1 March 1923
12200:
12153:
12146:
12142:
12141:
12124:
12117:
12110:
12103:
12096:
12089:
12082:
12075:
12068:
12061:
12054:
12047:
12040:
12018:
12011:
12004:
11997:
11977:
11970:
11965:
11958:
11940:
11933:
11926:
11919:
11912:
11905:
11898:
11876:
11869:
11862:
11857:
11850:
11843:
11836:
11829:
11822:
11815:
11808:
11801:
11794:
11787:
11765:
11758:
11753:
11746:
11744:Northam Platinum
11739:
11732:
11725:
11718:
11711:
11704:
11697:
11690:
11683:
11676:
11669:
11651:
11644:
11637:
11630:
11623:
11621:Nu Metro Cinemas
11616:
11609:
11602:
11582:
11575:
11568:
11563:
11556:
11549:
11542:
11535:
11528:
11521:
11514:
11507:
11500:
11493:
11486:
11479:
11472:
11465:
11463:Land Systems OMC
11458:
11451:
11444:
11437:
11430:
11423:
11416:
11409:
11402:
11382:
11375:
11368:
11363:
11356:
11349:
11342:
11340:Bowman Gilfillan
11322:
11315:
11308:
11301:
11296:
11289:
11282:
11275:
11268:
11261:
11254:
11247:
11240:
11233:
11226:
11219:
11212:
11205:
11198:
11180:
11173:
11166:
11142:
11135:
11130:
11123:
11116:
11109:
11102:
11095:
11088:
11081:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11053:
11046:
11039:
11032:
11025:
11018:
11011:
11004:
10991:
10990:
10986:
10979:
10972:
10965:
10958:
10951:
10944:
10937:
10930:
10928:Livestock Wealth
10923:
10921:Liberty Holdings
10916:
10909:
10902:
10895:
10888:
10881:
10862:
10855:
10837:
10830:
10806:
10799:
10792:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10764:
10757:
10750:
10743:
10736:
10729:
10722:
10715:
10708:
10701:
10694:
10687:
10674:
10673:
10669:
10667:Solenta Aviation
10660:
10653:
10646:
10639:
10632:
10625:
10623:National Airways
10618:
10611:
10604:
10597:
10588:
10581:
10574:
10556:
10549:
10547:Chancellor House
10542:
10535:
10528:
10501:
10494:
10487:
10478:
10477:
10385:CSIR Wind Tunnel
10327:SARB East London
10260:Government sites
10193:PetroSA Voorbaai
10188:Chevron Refinery
10133:Rustenburg Depot
10123:Langlaagte Depot
10118:Klerksdorp Depot
10031:processing sites
9774:
9767:
9760:
9751:
9750:
9735:
9734:
9723:
9722:
9622:
9621:
9490:Nojoli Wind Farm
9465:Khobab Wind Farm
9455:Karusa Wind Farm
9400:Dorper Wind Farm
9385:De Aar Wind Farm
9355:Castle Wind Farm
9345:Aurora Wind Farm
9282:Kathu Solar Park
9022:
9021:
8960:
8959:
8938:Renewable energy
8909:
8902:
8895:
8886:
8885:
8872:
8871:
8781:Energy subsidies
8735:Protective relay
8676:Rolling blackout
8303:
8302:
8293:
8261:Power-flow study
8201:Electrical fault
8145:
8138:
8131:
8122:
8121:
8107:
8106:
8104:Official website
8091:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8007:
7992:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7966:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7940:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7902:. Archived from
7896:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7843:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7814:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7688:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7609:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7583:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7405:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7356:. Archived from
7345:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7293:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7267:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7198:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7109:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7072:Dlulane, Bonga.
7069:
7063:
7062:
7061:. 24 March 2019.
7051:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6996:. Archived from
6985:
6979:
6978:
6972:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6951:. Archived from
6945:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6893:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6867:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6741:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6715:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6686:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6529:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6409:on 29 March 2018
6405:. Archived from
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6348:. Archived from
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6265:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6237:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6209:
6201:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6178:
6170:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6147:
6139:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6120:on 17 March 2012
6119:
6113:. Archived from
6108:
6100:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6003:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5747:. Archived from
5736:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5374:
5366:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5284:Power Technology
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5232:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5154:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5118:. Archived from
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5064:. Archived from
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5015:
5008:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4980:. Archived from
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4903:. Archived from
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4874:. Archived from
4873:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4823:
4816:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4674:Power Technology
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4594:. Archived from
4588:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4569:on 17 April 2015
4565:. Archived from
4559:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4530:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4170:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4094:
4085:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4055:Shange, Naledi.
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3625:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3599:The Conversation
3590:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3267:. Archived from
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3161:"Eskom Homepage"
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3134:. Archived from
3133:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3010:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2691:
2683:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2534:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2026:
1995:Operating profit
1912:
1911:
1867:Chief Executive
1857:Phakamani Hadebe
1478:
1477:
948:
947:
821:
800:
788:
776:
489:renewable energy
222:
220:
219:
205:
200:
195:
194:
188:
178:
173:
168:
167:
145:
140:
139:
119:
87:
85:
80:
31:
24:
20:
12208:
12207:
12203:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12198:
12197:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12156:
12149:
12137:
12129:
12120:
12115:
12108:Freightdynamics
12106:
12099:
12092:
12085:
12078:
12071:
12064:
12057:
12050:
12043:
12036:
12028:
12021:
12014:
12007:
12000:
11993:
11982:
11973:
11968:
11961:
11954:
11943:
11936:
11929:
11922:
11915:
11910:Mugg & Bean
11908:
11903:Debonairs Pizza
11901:
11894:
11887:
11881:
11872:
11865:
11860:
11853:
11846:
11839:
11832:
11827:Exclusive Books
11825:
11818:
11811:
11804:
11797:
11790:
11783:
11776:
11770:
11763:Simmer and Jack
11761:
11756:
11749:
11742:
11735:
11728:
11723:Impala Platinum
11721:
11714:
11707:
11700:
11693:
11686:
11679:
11672:
11665:
11654:
11647:
11640:
11633:
11626:
11619:
11612:
11605:
11598:
11587:
11580:New PowerChutes
11578:
11571:
11566:
11559:
11554:Truvelo Armoury
11552:
11545:
11538:
11531:
11524:
11517:
11510:
11505:Rembrandt Group
11503:
11496:
11489:
11482:
11477:Paramount Group
11475:
11468:
11461:
11454:
11447:
11440:
11433:
11426:
11419:
11412:
11405:
11398:
11387:
11378:
11371:
11366:
11359:
11352:
11345:
11338:
11327:
11320:Vision Software
11318:
11311:
11304:
11299:
11292:
11285:
11278:
11271:
11264:
11257:
11250:
11243:
11236:
11229:
11222:
11215:
11208:
11201:
11194:
11183:
11176:
11169:
11162:
11147:
11140:VBS Mutual Bank
11138:
11133:
11126:
11119:
11112:
11105:
11098:
11091:
11084:
11077:
11072:Mercantile Bank
11070:
11063:
11056:
11049:
11042:
11035:
11028:
11021:
11014:
11007:
11000:
10989:
10982:
10975:
10968:
10961:
10954:
10947:
10940:
10935:MiWay Insurance
10933:
10926:
10919:
10912:
10905:
10900:Evolution Group
10898:
10891:
10884:
10877:
10871:
10865:
10858:
10851:
10840:
10833:
10826:
10820:and engineering
10819:
10809:
10802:
10795:
10788:
10781:
10774:
10767:
10760:
10753:
10746:
10739:
10732:
10725:
10720:Command Airways
10718:
10711:
10704:
10697:
10690:
10683:
10672:
10665:
10656:
10649:
10642:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10616:Global Aviation
10614:
10607:
10600:
10593:
10584:
10577:
10570:
10559:
10552:
10545:
10538:
10531:
10524:
10517:
10511:
10505:
10475:
10470:
10444:
10362:
10356:
10255:
10218:
10212:
10073:Wilge TPL Depot
10043:Natref Refinery
10030:
10028:
10022:
9845:
9839:
9783:
9778:
9748:
9743:
9711:
9676:
9616:
9605:
9589:
9560:Umoya Wind Farm
9500:Nxuba Wind Farm
9470:Kouga Wind Farm
9410:Garob Wind Farm
9365:Coega Wind Farm
9360:Chaba Wind Farm
9326:
9245:
9209:
9193:
9189:Vanderkloof Dam
9142:
9121:
9016:
9005:
8984:
8955:
8949:
8916:
8913:
8883:
8878:
8860:
8844:
8842:
8835:
8766:Capacity factor
8754:
8752:
8745:
8725:Numerical relay
8703:Circuit breaker
8691:
8689:
8682:
8644:
8584:Load management
8554:Electrical grid
8519:Demand response
8512:
8507:
8498:
8479:Microgeneration
8431:
8346:
8294:
8285:
8281:Vehicle-to-grid
8154:
8149:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8088:
8072:
8070:Further reading
8067:
8066:
8056:
8054:
8044:
8040:
8030:
8028:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8005:
8003:
7993:
7989:
7979:
7977:
7968:
7967:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7942:
7941:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7915:
7911:
7898:
7897:
7893:
7883:
7881:
7870:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7853:. 10 March 2019
7845:
7844:
7837:
7827:
7825:
7816:
7815:
7811:
7801:
7799:
7789:
7785:
7775:
7773:
7765:
7764:
7760:
7750:
7748:
7741:
7737:
7727:
7725:
7715:
7711:
7701:
7699:
7690:
7689:
7685:
7675:
7673:
7665:
7664:
7660:
7650:
7648:
7640:Madia, Tshidi.
7638:
7634:
7624:
7622:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7596:
7594:
7585:
7584:
7580:
7570:
7568:
7558:
7554:
7544:
7542:
7541:. 21 March 2020
7537:
7536:
7532:
7522:
7520:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7494:
7485:
7484:
7480:
7470:
7468:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7444:
7442:
7432:
7428:
7418:
7416:
7407:
7406:
7399:
7389:
7387:
7377:
7373:
7363:
7361:
7346:
7342:
7332:
7330:
7321:
7320:
7316:
7306:
7304:
7294:
7290:
7280:
7278:
7268:
7264:
7254:
7252:
7242:
7238:
7225:
7224:
7220:
7210:
7208:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7185:
7183:
7181:Businessinsider
7173:
7169:
7159:
7157:
7147:
7143:
7133:
7131:
7121:
7117:
7107:
7105:
7097:
7096:
7092:
7082:
7080:
7070:
7066:
7053:
7052:
7043:
7033:
7031:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7003:
7001:
6986:
6982:
6966:
6965:
6958:
6956:
6955:on 3 April 2017
6949:"Archived copy"
6947:
6946:
6942:
6932:
6930:
6920:
6916:
6906:
6904:
6894:
6890:
6880:
6878:
6868:
6864:
6854:
6852:
6837:
6833:
6794:
6790:
6780:
6778:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6754:
6752:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6728:
6726:
6718:Check, Africa.
6716:
6709:
6699:
6697:
6687:
6683:
6673:
6671:
6662:
6661:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6634:
6633:
6629:
6619:
6617:
6607:
6603:
6593:
6591:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6556:
6552:
6542:
6540:
6530:
6526:
6516:
6514:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6488:
6478:
6474:
6464:
6462:
6452:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6412:
6410:
6395:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6369:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6325:
6323:
6313:
6309:
6299:
6297:
6287:
6283:
6273:
6271:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6244:
6242:
6235:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6216:
6214:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6185:
6183:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6164:
6154:
6152:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6133:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6086:
6076:
6074:
6056:
6052:
6042:
6040:
6030:
6026:
6016:
6014:
6012:Financial Times
6004:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5971:
5967:
5957:
5955:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5931:
5929:
5919:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5893:
5889:
5879:
5877:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5854:
5852:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5780:
5778:
5768:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5751:on 27 July 2017
5737:
5728:
5718:
5716:
5706:
5702:
5692:
5690:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5666:
5664:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5640:
5638:
5628:
5624:
5614:
5612:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5567:
5565:
5555:
5551:
5541:
5539:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5462:
5452:
5448:
5438:
5436:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5410:
5408:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5378:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5355:
5329:
5325:
5315:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5289:
5287:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5123:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5016:on 10 June 2011
5013:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4910:
4908:
4907:on 13 June 2020
4899:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4727:on 31 July 2020
4719:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4624:on 13 July 2009
4616:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4598:on 20 July 2014
4590:
4589:
4582:
4572:
4570:
4563:"Supply status"
4561:
4560:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4477:on 8 March 2009
4469:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4367:on 13 June 2010
4359:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4341:. November 1994
4333:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4316:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4263:on 26 July 2011
4260:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4129:on 3 March 2016
4121:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4082:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3984:BusinessInsider
3978:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3873:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3742:
3738:
3724:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3591:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3316:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3271:on 5 March 2018
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3218:. 7 August 2016
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3187:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3017:
3011:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2944:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2669:
2664:
2631:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:Price increases
2536:
2532:
2524:
2481:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2411:Cyril Ramaphosa
2407:
2368:
2362:
2353:
2336:
2327:
2325:Municipal debts
2322:
2301:
2289:too big to fail
2250:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2024:
1910:
1869:André de Ruyter
1823:
1803:
1794:
1781:
1769:
1750:
1748:Future projects
1721:Vanderkloof Dam
1496:
1491:
1452:
1218:
1144:
1070:
970:
961:
946:
938:
933:
927:
919:
892:André de Ruyter
883:
881:COSATU response
870:
864:
823:
819:
811:
804:
801:
792:
789:
780:
777:
764:
664:
658:
647:(pictured) and
617:
574:
497:
454:sulphur dioxide
366:www.eskom.co.za
353:
331:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
238:
213:
203:
184:
176:
161:
148:
120:
117:
116:
112:
83:
81:
78:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12206:
12196:
12195:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12154:
12147:
12134:
12131:
12130:
12128:
12127:
12126:
12125:
12113:
12112:
12111:
12097:
12090:
12083:
12076:
12069:
12062:
12055:
12048:
12041:
12033:
12031:
12023:
12022:
12020:
12019:
12012:
12005:
11998:
11990:
11988:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11980:
11979:
11978:
11966:
11959:
11951:
11949:
11945:
11944:
11942:
11941:
11934:
11927:
11920:
11913:
11906:
11899:
11896:Chicken Licken
11891:
11889:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11870:
11858:
11851:
11844:
11837:
11830:
11823:
11816:
11809:
11802:
11795:
11788:
11780:
11778:
11772:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11767:
11766:
11754:
11747:
11740:
11733:
11726:
11719:
11712:
11705:
11698:
11691:
11684:
11677:
11670:
11662:
11660:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11652:
11645:
11638:
11631:
11624:
11617:
11610:
11603:
11600:Arena Holdings
11595:
11593:
11589:
11588:
11586:
11585:
11584:
11583:
11576:
11564:
11557:
11550:
11543:
11536:
11533:Sling Aircraft
11529:
11522:
11515:
11508:
11501:
11494:
11487:
11480:
11473:
11466:
11459:
11452:
11445:
11438:
11431:
11424:
11417:
11410:
11403:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11388:
11386:
11385:
11384:
11383:
11376:
11364:
11357:
11354:Webber Wentzel
11350:
11343:
11335:
11333:
11329:
11328:
11326:
11325:
11324:
11323:
11316:
11309:
11297:
11290:
11283:
11276:
11269:
11262:
11255:
11248:
11241:
11234:
11231:Dimension Data
11227:
11220:
11213:
11206:
11199:
11191:
11189:
11185:
11184:
11182:
11181:
11174:
11167:
11159:
11157:
11153:
11152:
11149:
11148:
11146:
11145:
11144:
11143:
11131:
11124:
11117:
11110:
11103:
11096:
11089:
11082:
11075:
11068:
11061:
11058:FirstRand Bank
11054:
11047:
11040:
11033:
11026:
11019:
11012:
11005:
10997:
10995:
10988:
10987:
10980:
10973:
10966:
10959:
10952:
10945:
10938:
10931:
10924:
10917:
10910:
10903:
10896:
10889:
10882:
10874:
10872:
10867:
10866:
10864:
10863:
10856:
10848:
10846:
10842:
10841:
10839:
10838:
10831:
10823:
10821:
10815:
10814:
10811:
10810:
10808:
10807:
10800:
10793:
10786:
10779:
10772:
10765:
10758:
10751:
10744:
10737:
10734:Fly Blue Crane
10730:
10723:
10716:
10709:
10702:
10695:
10688:
10680:
10678:
10671:
10670:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10647:
10640:
10633:
10626:
10619:
10612:
10605:
10598:
10591:
10590:
10589:
10575:
10567:
10565:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10557:
10550:
10543:
10536:
10529:
10521:
10519:
10513:
10512:
10504:
10503:
10496:
10489:
10481:
10472:
10471:
10469:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10452:
10450:
10446:
10445:
10443:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10415:Denel Aviation
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10395:Denel Dynamics
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10366:
10364:
10361:Space, science
10358:
10357:
10355:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10263:
10261:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10222:
10220:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10128:Meyerton Depot
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10103:Chevron Texaco
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10083:Chevron Alrode
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10034:
10032:
10029:fuel depot and
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9849:
9847:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9791:
9789:
9785:
9784:
9777:
9776:
9769:
9762:
9754:
9745:
9744:
9742:
9741:
9729:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9710:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9681:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9628:
9626:
9619:
9617:power stations
9615:Decommissioned
9611:
9610:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9603:
9597:
9595:
9591:
9590:
9588:
9587:
9585:Wolf Wind Farm
9582:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9540:Sere Wind Farm
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9336:
9334:
9328:
9327:
9325:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9287:KaXu Solar One
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9253:
9251:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9217:
9215:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9150:
9148:
9147:Hydro-electric
9144:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9129:
9127:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9028:
9026:
9019:
9017:power stations
9011:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9004:
9003:
8998:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8966:
8964:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8935:
8930:
8924:
8922:
8918:
8917:
8912:
8911:
8904:
8897:
8889:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8853:
8847:
8845:
8841:Statistics and
8840:
8837:
8836:
8834:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8791:Feed-in tariff
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8757:
8755:
8750:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8743:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8716:
8715:
8710:
8700:
8694:
8692:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8679:
8678:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8652:
8650:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8579:Interconnector
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8529:Dynamic demand
8526:
8521:
8515:
8513:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8459:Combined cycle
8456:
8451:
8445:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8413:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8356:
8354:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8311:
8309:
8300:
8296:
8295:
8288:
8286:
8284:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8236:Load-following
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8191:Electric power
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8162:
8160:
8156:
8155:
8148:
8147:
8140:
8133:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8097:
8096:External links
8094:
8093:
8092:
8086:
8071:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8038:
8013:
7987:
7961:
7935:
7909:
7891:
7864:
7835:
7809:
7791:Felix, Jason.
7783:
7758:
7747:. My Boardband
7735:
7723:Daily Maverick
7709:
7683:
7658:
7632:
7604:
7578:
7552:
7530:
7504:
7478:
7452:
7426:
7397:
7371:
7340:
7314:
7288:
7276:Daily Maverick
7262:
7236:
7218:
7193:
7167:
7141:
7129:Daily Maverick
7115:
7090:
7064:
7041:
7011:
6980:
6940:
6914:
6888:
6862:
6831:
6788:
6762:
6736:
6707:
6681:
6652:
6627:
6601:
6576:
6550:
6524:
6498:
6486:Daily Maverick
6472:
6446:
6420:
6389:
6363:
6333:
6307:
6295:Daily Maverick
6281:
6252:
6224:
6193:
6162:
6131:
6095:
6084:
6050:
6024:
5991:
5979:Daily Maverick
5965:
5939:
5927:Daily Maverick
5913:
5901:Daily Maverick
5887:
5862:
5836:
5810:
5788:
5762:
5726:
5700:
5674:
5648:
5622:
5596:
5575:
5549:
5523:
5498:
5472:
5446:
5418:
5388:
5379:|journal=
5353:
5323:
5297:
5271:
5246:
5239:
5211:
5168:
5161:
5133:
5103:
5079:
5053:
5027:
4995:
4965:
4939:
4918:
4892:
4881:on 29 May 2015
4860:
4835:
4803:
4777:
4752:
4738:
4712:
4686:
4661:
4635:
4609:
4580:
4549:
4514:
4488:
4462:
4430:
4404:
4378:
4352:
4326:
4300:
4274:
4241:
4215:
4189:
4140:
4114:
4086:
4073:
4047:
4035:Daily Maverick
4021:
3996:
3971:
3945:
3919:
3893:
3864:
3842:
3813:
3787:
3762:
3736:
3722:
3704:"Daily life",
3696:
3670:
3644:
3611:
3582:
3567:
3556:
3545:
3534:. 12 July 2020
3519:
3493:
3467:
3439:
3413:
3387:
3362:
3336:
3307:
3295:Daily Maverick
3282:
3251:
3229:
3207:
3178:
3152:
3120:
3099:
3074:
3059:
3052:
3034:
2990:
2964:
2933:
2907:
2881:
2867:
2841:
2815:
2790:
2765:
2747:
2742:indexmundi.com
2729:
2707:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:Daily Maverick
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:Grant Thornton
2480:
2477:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:Pravin Gordhan
2406:
2403:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2300:
2297:
2252:In late 2016,
2249:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1885:Gwede Mantashe
1822:
1819:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1725:Northern Cape
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1695:Sere Wind Farm
1691:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1595:KwaZulu-Natal
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:3,200 (4,800)
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
972:
963:
958:
955:
952:
945:
942:
937:
934:
929:Main article:
926:
923:
918:
915:
882:
879:
866:Main article:
863:
860:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
795:
793:
790:
783:
781:
778:
771:
763:
760:
739:Pravin Gordhan
735:Gwede Mantashe
733:and Ministers
687:involving the
657:
654:
616:
613:
573:
570:
496:
493:
414:power stations
382:public utility
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
355:
354:
352:
351:
345:
343:
337:
336:
333:
332:
330:
329:
236:
235:
234:
232:
226:
225:
214:
211:
208:
207:
189:
181:
180:
172:-18.9 billion
162:
157:
154:
153:
144:204.3 billion
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
113:
110:
107:
106:
93:
89:
88:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
51:
46:
43:
42:
40:Public utility
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12205:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12170:
12168:
12152:
12148:
12145:
12136:
12135:
12132:
12123:
12119:
12118:
12114:
12109:
12105:
12104:
12102:
12098:
12095:
12091:
12088:
12084:
12081:
12077:
12074:
12070:
12067:
12063:
12060:
12056:
12053:
12049:
12046:
12042:
12039:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12030:
12024:
12017:
12013:
12010:
12006:
12003:
11999:
11996:
11992:
11991:
11989:
11985:
11976:
11972:
11971:
11967:
11964:
11960:
11957:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11946:
11939:
11935:
11932:
11928:
11925:
11924:Roman's Pizza
11921:
11918:
11914:
11911:
11907:
11904:
11900:
11897:
11893:
11892:
11890:
11884:
11875:
11871:
11868:
11864:
11863:
11859:
11856:
11852:
11849:
11845:
11842:
11838:
11835:
11831:
11828:
11824:
11821:
11817:
11814:
11810:
11807:
11803:
11800:
11796:
11793:
11789:
11786:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11773:
11764:
11760:
11759:
11755:
11752:
11748:
11745:
11741:
11738:
11734:
11731:
11727:
11724:
11720:
11717:
11713:
11710:
11706:
11703:
11699:
11696:
11692:
11689:
11685:
11682:
11678:
11675:
11674:Asa Resources
11671:
11668:
11664:
11663:
11661:
11657:
11650:
11646:
11643:
11639:
11636:
11632:
11629:
11625:
11622:
11618:
11615:
11611:
11608:
11604:
11601:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11590:
11581:
11577:
11574:
11570:
11569:
11565:
11562:
11558:
11555:
11551:
11548:
11544:
11541:
11537:
11534:
11530:
11527:
11523:
11520:
11516:
11513:
11509:
11506:
11502:
11499:
11498:Rand Refinery
11495:
11492:
11488:
11485:
11481:
11478:
11474:
11471:
11467:
11464:
11460:
11457:
11453:
11450:
11446:
11443:
11439:
11436:
11432:
11429:
11425:
11422:
11421:All Joy Foods
11418:
11415:
11411:
11408:
11404:
11401:
11400:Adcock Ingram
11397:
11396:
11394:
11392:Manufacturing
11390:
11381:
11377:
11374:
11370:
11369:
11365:
11362:
11358:
11355:
11351:
11348:
11344:
11341:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11330:
11321:
11317:
11314:
11310:
11307:
11303:
11302:
11298:
11295:
11291:
11288:
11284:
11281:
11277:
11274:
11270:
11267:
11266:OTEL Telecoms
11263:
11260:
11256:
11253:
11249:
11246:
11242:
11239:
11235:
11232:
11228:
11225:
11221:
11218:
11214:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11200:
11197:
11193:
11192:
11190:
11186:
11179:
11175:
11172:
11168:
11165:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11154:
11141:
11137:
11136:
11132:
11129:
11125:
11122:
11118:
11115:
11111:
11108:
11107:Standard Bank
11104:
11101:
11097:
11094:
11090:
11087:
11083:
11080:
11076:
11073:
11069:
11066:
11062:
11059:
11055:
11052:
11048:
11045:
11041:
11038:
11034:
11031:
11027:
11024:
11020:
11017:
11013:
11010:
11006:
11003:
10999:
10998:
10996:
10992:
10985:
10981:
10978:
10974:
10971:
10967:
10964:
10960:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10946:
10943:
10939:
10936:
10932:
10929:
10925:
10922:
10918:
10915:
10911:
10908:
10907:Hollard Group
10904:
10901:
10897:
10894:
10890:
10887:
10883:
10880:
10876:
10875:
10873:
10868:
10861:
10857:
10854:
10850:
10849:
10847:
10843:
10836:
10832:
10829:
10825:
10824:
10822:
10816:
10805:
10801:
10798:
10794:
10791:
10787:
10784:
10780:
10777:
10773:
10770:
10766:
10763:
10759:
10756:
10752:
10749:
10745:
10742:
10738:
10735:
10731:
10728:
10724:
10721:
10717:
10714:
10710:
10707:
10703:
10700:
10696:
10693:
10689:
10686:
10682:
10681:
10679:
10675:
10668:
10664:
10659:
10655:
10654:
10652:
10648:
10645:
10641:
10638:
10634:
10631:
10627:
10624:
10620:
10617:
10613:
10610:
10606:
10603:
10599:
10596:
10592:
10587:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10576:
10573:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10562:
10555:
10554:Famous Brands
10551:
10548:
10544:
10541:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10527:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:conglomerates
10514:
10510:
10502:
10497:
10495:
10490:
10488:
10483:
10482:
10479:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10453:
10451:
10447:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10405:ArcelorMittal
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10359:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10342:SARB Pretoria
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10258:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10246:JL Dube House
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10215:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10138:Sasol Secunda
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10035:
10033:
10025:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9850:
9848:
9842:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9775:
9770:
9768:
9763:
9761:
9756:
9755:
9752:
9740:
9739:
9730:
9728:
9727:
9718:
9717:
9714:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9612:
9602:
9599:
9598:
9596:
9592:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9335:
9333:
9329:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9292:Khi Solar One
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9248:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9212:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9200:
9196:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9184:Steenbras Dam
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9145:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9012:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8991:
8987:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8961:
8958:
8956:organisations
8954:Companies and
8952:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8933:Nuclear power
8931:
8929:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8919:
8910:
8905:
8903:
8898:
8896:
8891:
8890:
8887:
8875:
8867:
8866:
8863:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8838:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8811:Pigouvian tax
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8748:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8708:Earth-leakage
8706:
8705:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8695:
8693:
8685:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:Failure modes
8647:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8599:Power station
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8484:Rankine cycle
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8464:Cooling tower
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8438:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8353:
8349:
8343:
8340:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8307:Non-renewable
8304:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8226:Grid strength
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8181:Demand factor
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8146:
8141:
8139:
8134:
8132:
8127:
8126:
8123:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8105:
8100:
8099:
8089:
8083:
8079:
8074:
8073:
8053:
8049:
8042:
8027:
8023:
8017:
8002:
7998:
7991:
7975:
7971:
7965:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7924:
7920:
7913:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7880:. The Mercury
7879:
7875:
7868:
7852:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7823:
7819:
7813:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7772:
7768:
7762:
7746:
7739:
7724:
7720:
7713:
7697:
7693:
7687:
7672:
7668:
7662:
7647:
7643:
7636:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7592:
7588:
7582:
7567:
7563:
7556:
7540:
7534:
7519:
7515:
7508:
7492:
7488:
7482:
7466:
7462:
7456:
7441:
7437:
7430:
7414:
7410:
7404:
7402:
7386:
7382:
7375:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7329:. 20 May 2022
7328:
7324:
7318:
7303:
7299:
7292:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7251:
7247:
7240:
7232:
7228:
7222:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7182:
7178:
7171:
7156:
7152:
7145:
7130:
7126:
7119:
7104:
7100:
7094:
7079:
7075:
7068:
7060:
7056:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7015:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6984:
6976:
6970:
6954:
6950:
6944:
6929:
6925:
6918:
6903:
6899:
6892:
6877:
6873:
6866:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6804:(40): 47–64.
6803:
6799:
6792:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6725:
6721:
6714:
6712:
6696:
6692:
6685:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6641:
6637:
6631:
6616:
6612:
6605:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6565:
6561:
6554:
6539:
6535:
6528:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6487:
6483:
6476:
6461:
6457:
6450:
6434:
6430:
6424:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6393:
6378:
6374:
6367:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6322:
6318:
6311:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6269:
6262:
6256:
6241:
6234:
6228:
6213:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6182:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6151:
6144:
6138:
6136:
6116:
6112:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6088:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6054:
6039:
6035:
6032:Cowan, Kyle.
6028:
6013:
6009:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5980:
5976:
5969:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5928:
5924:
5917:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5792:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5689:. 24 May 2018
5688:
5684:
5678:
5663:. 24 May 2018
5662:
5658:
5652:
5637:
5633:
5626:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5585:
5579:
5564:
5560:
5553:
5537:
5536:citizen.co.za
5533:
5527:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5461:
5460:Quartz Africa
5457:
5450:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5384:
5372:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5327:
5311:
5310:Bloomberg.com
5307:
5301:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5242:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5215:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5172:
5164:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5137:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5089:
5083:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5042:on 9 May 2015
5041:
5037:
5031:
5012:
5005:
4999:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4928:
4922:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4877:
4870:
4864:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4820:
4813:
4807:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4762:
4756:
4748:
4742:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4534:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4447:
4440:
4434:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3852:
3846:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3549:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3376:
3375:Polity.org.za
3372:
3366:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3296:
3293:
3286:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3239:
3233:
3217:
3211:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3109:
3103:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2718:
2711:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2578:
2577:MediaWiki.org
2574:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2372:
2367:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2320:Controversies
2317:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:Goldman Sachs
2259:
2258:credit rating
2255:
2245:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:Matshela Koko
1848:
1847:state capture
1844:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1773:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Hydroelectric
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:Western Cape
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Hydroelectric
1675:
1673:Western Cape
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Hydroelectric
1649:
1647:Eastern Cape
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:Western Cape
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Hydroelectric
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Hydroelectric
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Hydroelectric
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Hydroelectric
1519:
1517:Eastern Cape
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1492:commissioned
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:Eastern Cape
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:Western Cape
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:Western Cape
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:Western Cape
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
968:
964:
959:
956:
953:
950:
949:
941:
932:
922:
914:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
888:
878:
874:
869:
859:
856:
852:
848:
843:
840:
836:
831:
828:
822:
816:
799:
794:
787:
782:
775:
770:
769:
768:
759:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
711:
710:state capture
705:
702:
697:
692:
690:
686:
681:
677:
675:
670:
663:
650:
646:
641:
637:
635:
630:
626:
622:
612:
608:
604:
602:
598:
593:
591:
582:
578:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
501:
492:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
474:cost overruns
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
364:
360:
356:
350:
347:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Ted (Pty) Ltd
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
240:
233:
231:
227:
215:
209:
198:
190:
187:
182:
171:
163:
160:
155:
152:13.82 billion
151:
143:
135:
131:
127:
123:
114:
108:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
44:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
12058:
11716:Harmony Gold
11649:Ster-Kinekor
11547:Tiger Brands
11491:Premier FMCG
11373:Deneys Reitz
11238:EOH Holdings
11037:Bidvest Bank
11023:African Bank
10970:RMI Holdings
10963:RMB Holdings
10818:Construction
10217:Presidential
9997:
9992:
9987:
9947:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9857:
9852:
9795:Zwartkopjies
9737:
9724:
9257:Bokpoort CSP
8969:
8806:Net metering
8753:and policies
8671:Power outage
8640:Utility pole
8604:Pumped hydro
8510:distribution
8505:Transmission
8454:Cogeneration
8256:Power factor
8077:
8055:. Retrieved
8051:
8041:
8029:. Retrieved
8025:
8016:
8004:. Retrieved
8000:
7990:
7978:. Retrieved
7973:
7964:
7952:. Retrieved
7947:
7938:
7926:. Retrieved
7922:
7912:
7904:the original
7894:
7882:. Retrieved
7877:
7867:
7855:. Retrieved
7850:
7826:. Retrieved
7821:
7812:
7800:. Retrieved
7796:
7786:
7774:. Retrieved
7770:
7761:
7749:. Retrieved
7738:
7726:. Retrieved
7722:
7712:
7700:. Retrieved
7695:
7686:
7674:. Retrieved
7671:www.enca.com
7670:
7661:
7649:. Retrieved
7645:
7635:
7623:. Retrieved
7616:
7607:
7595:. Retrieved
7590:
7581:
7569:. Retrieved
7565:
7555:
7543:. Retrieved
7533:
7521:. Retrieved
7517:
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2693:
2640:Eskom Centre
2622:
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2595:
2537:
2531:
2527:
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2482:
2473:
2464:
2452:Gupta family
2448:
2445:Gupta family
2420:
2408:
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2354:
2337:
2328:
2302:
2299:Chinese debt
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2251:
2242:
2040:(R billion)
1997:(R billion)
1862:
1855:
1843:Gupta family
1839:Brian Molefe
1832:
1804:
1795:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1751:
1739:Operational
1713:Operational
1687:Operational
1661:Operational
1635:Operational
1609:Operational
1583:Operational
1557:Operational
1531:Operational
1481:Power plant
1472:South Africa
1468:Western Cape
1462:facility at
1441:Operational
1417:Operational
1408:Gas turbine
1393:Operational
1369:Operational
1345:Operational
1321:Operational
1297:Operational
1267:(2017–2025)
1249:Operational
1225:Operational
1199:Operational
1175:Operational
1151:Operational
1125:Operational
1116:Gas turbine
1101:Operational
1077:Operational
1051:Operational
1025:Operational
1016:Gas turbine
1001:Operational
951:Power plant
939:
920:
904:
884:
875:
871:
862:Transmission
855:Tito Mboweni
844:
837:. President
832:
824:
818:
814:
765:
731:David Mabuza
706:
701:Business Day
693:
689:Gupta family
682:
678:
665:
618:
609:
605:
594:
586:
555:
536:
525:
506:
482:
446:
416:, including
398:South Africa
385:
377:
373:
372:
286:
230:Subsidiaries
199:781 billion
186:Total assets
104:South Africa
92:Headquarters
36:Company type
18:
12029:enterprises
12027:State-owned
11709:Gold Fields
11614:MultiChoice
11313:Luma Arcade
11156:Hospitality
11093:Sasfin Bank
10984:Venmyn Rand
10609:Federal Air
10516:Diversified
9805:Vereeniging
9800:Zuikerbosch
9214:Oil and gas
8943:Solar power
8801:Load factor
8656:Black start
8624:Transformer
8325:Natural gas
8276:Variability
8251:Peak demand
8241:Merit order
8171:Backfeeding
8057:2 September
8026:www.msn.com
7980:15 February
7776:20 December
7702:23 February
7618:MyBroadband
7566:amaBhungane
7518:amaBhungane
7471:20 December
7327:TechCentral
7307:19 November
7281:19 November
7255:19 November
6994:The Citizen
6781:15 February
6755:15 February
6729:15 February
6674:15 February
6645:15 February
6491:22 February
6439:17 November
6270:. July 2019
6245:21 December
6217:20 December
6186:20 December
6155:20 December
6124:20 December
6043:16 December
5984:16 December
5958:16 December
5932:15 December
5906:28 November
5880:28 November
5855:28 November
5829:28 November
5615:12 February
5568:16 February
5542:26 December
5516:26 December
5491:26 December
5485:BizNews.com
5465:26 December
5439:16 February
5411:26 December
5401:BizNews.com
5316:15 December
5116:eskom.co.za
4542:22 February
4040:15 February
4014:15 February
3989:15 February
3964:15 February
3938:20 December
3830:BizNews.com
3806:13 February
3689:22 February
3663:14 February
3604:12 February
3486:13 February
3460:13 February
3432:13 February
3406:13 February
3329:13 February
3300:12 February
3200:20 December
3113:21 December
3087:eskom.co.za
3027:21 December
2957:11 February
2860:26 December
2849:Bloomberg.
2834:26 December
2808:26 December
2783:26 December
2760:eskom.co.za
2700:1 September
2573:Phabricator
2508:AmaBhungane
2485:Jabu Mabuza
2456:Lynne Brown
1835:Ben Ngubane
1543:Free State
1432:Coal-fired
1429:Mpumalanga
1384:Coal-fired
1360:Coal-fired
1357:Mpumalanga
1336:Coal-fired
1312:Coal-fired
1309:Mpumalanga
1288:Coal-fired
1285:Free State
1264:Coal-fired
1261:Mpumalanga
1240:Coal-fired
1237:Mpumalanga
1214:Coal-fired
1211:Mpumalanga
1190:Coal-fired
1187:Mpumalanga
1166:Coal-fired
1163:Mpumalanga
1140:Coal-fired
1137:Mpumalanga
1092:Coal-fired
1089:Mpumalanga
1066:Coal-fired
1063:Mpumalanga
1037:Mpumalanga
991:Gas turbine
936:Subscribers
827:white paper
752:Jabu Mabuza
634:Thabo Mbeki
566:World War 2
462:Thabo Mbeki
96:Sunninghill
12167:Categories
12066:Rand Water
11888:franchises
11886:Restaurant
11874:OK Bazaars
11785:AutoTrader
11775:Retail and
10949:Old Mutual
10886:Alexforbes
10879:Absa Group
10762:kulula.com
10533:Barloworld
10027:Crude oil,
9159:Gariep Dam
9126:Metro Coal
9025:Eskom Coal
8843:production
8688:Protective
8619:Super grid
8614:Smart grid
8441:Generation
8375:Geothermal
8266:Repowering
8031:27 January
8006:27 January
7954:15 January
7828:1 February
7802:1 February
7497:27 January
7211:27 October
7186:27 October
7034:6 December
7004:6 December
6907:27 October
6881:27 October
6855:8 November
6700:27 October
5693:14 January
5667:1 February
5641:27 October
4958:12 January
4828:9 November
4796:11 January
4731:10 January
4705:10 January
4654:11 January
4628:11 January
4602:4 December
4423:10 January
4397:13 January
4371:10 January
4345:10 January
4182:29 January
4133:29 January
3775:www.gov.za
3637:29 October
3507:nasdaq.com
3244:4 February
3145:29 January
3092:5 February
2983:5 November
2722:28 October
2662:References
2443:See also:
2434:Corruption
2364:See also:
2038:Net income
1908:Financials
1893:renewables
1565:Gariep Dam
1497:capacity (
1464:Klipheuwel
1435:1985-1990
1387:2015–2019
1363:1979-1983
1339:1987-1991
1315:1996–2001
1291:1985-1990
1243:1976-1979
1219:2009-2013
1217:1961-1966;
1193:1988-1992
1169:1970-1976
1145:2008-2011
1143:1969-1977;
1095:1980-1984
1071:2005-2008
1069:1967-1969;
1045:1971-1975
1041:Coal-fired
971:(planned)
965:Capacity (
962:(planned)
917:Job losses
900:Solidarity
747:Mpumalanga
674:Jacob Zuma
660:See also:
619:Following
539:debentures
159:Net income
118:(Chairman)
111:Key people
84:1923-03-01
11987:Transport
11855:Wantitall
11777:marketing
11361:Werksmans
11347:ENSafrica
11178:Tsogo Sun
11030:Bank Zero
11002:Absa Bank
10893:Discovery
10870:Financial
10790:Rovos Air
10658:FlySafair
10630:Norse Air
10602:Egoli Air
9174:Ncora Dam
8751:Economics
8474:Micro CHP
8352:Renewable
8335:Petroleum
8330:Oil shale
8216:Grid code
8176:Base load
8001:TimesLIVE
7928:6 January
7923:CityPress
7878:iol.co.za
7797:iol.co.za
7646:ewn.co.za
7440:TimesLIVE
7354:Bloomberg
7302:TimesLIVE
7231:iol.co.za
7206:TimesLIVE
7155:CityPress
7078:ewn.co.za
6818:0305-6244
6724:ewn.co.za
6640:TimesLIVE
6615:iol.co.za
6569:2 January
6564:iol.co.za
6543:2 January
6517:2 January
6465:10 August
6321:iol.co.za
6072:0261-3077
5798:Who's Who
5745:TimesLive
5714:iol.co.za
5511:TimesLIVE
5381:ignored (
5371:cite book
5363:108500506
5206:239401112
5198:0001-9852
5096:24 August
5072:24 August
5020:9 January
4988:7 January
4853:6 January
4770:7 October
4507:9 January
4481:9 January
4455:7 October
4319:9 January
4293:9 January
4267:8 January
4234:8 January
4208:6 January
4107:7 October
4061:TimesLIVE
3732:240623803
3532:SABC News
3400:TimesLIVE
3171:7 January
2345:apartheid
1956:billion)
1952:Revenue (
1707:Jan 2015
1643:Ncora Dam
1495:Installed
1484:Province
1460:wind farm
954:Province
839:Ramaphosa
727:Ramaphosa
723:recession
667:shedding"
517:Cape Town
509:Kimberley
426:Lephalale
390:Afrikaans
255:Escap Ltd
48:Traded as
12101:Transnet
11948:Services
11848:Massmart
11820:Dis-Chem
11792:Bidorbuy
11628:Primedia
11196:Afrihost
11114:TymeBank
10914:Investec
10572:Aerolift
10564:Airlines
10449:Airports
9830:Vaal Dam
9825:Eikenhof
9810:Mapleton
9726:Category
9277:Kalkbult
8874:Category
8661:Brownout
8449:AC power
8159:Concepts
7857:10 March
7728:10 March
7445:9 August
7419:9 August
7083:19 March
6969:cite web
6902:zimbabwe
6849:Archived
6620:21 March
6594:21 March
6413:31 March
6377:Moneyweb
6326:2 August
6300:25 April
6274:2 August
5849:Moneyweb
5046:21 April
4932:30 April
4885:19 April
4573:24 March
4066:26 March
3912:9 August
3886:9 August
3857:9 August
3835:9 August
3684:SHARENET
3628:Archived
2829:Miningmx
2629:See also
2497:Deloitte
2493:Deloitte
2460:McKinsey
2416:sabotage
2405:Sabotage
2237:201,400
2234:214,968
2231:218,939
2228:221,936
2225:220,166
2222:238,599
2219:226,300
2216:231,129
2213:232,228
2210:237,414
2207:237,430
1381:Limpopo
1333:Limpopo
478:split up
223:(FY2021)
201:(FY2021)
174:(FY2021)
146:(FY2021)
125:Services
64:Industry
12116:Defunct
12087:Sentech
12002:Comazar
11969:Defunct
11956:Netcare
11917:Nando's
11861:Defunct
11757:Defunct
11737:Metorex
11695:DRDGOLD
11667:Alexkor
11642:StarSat
11567:Defunct
11367:Defunct
11300:Defunct
11294:Vodacom
11224:Datatec
11217:Cybatar
11134:Defunct
11079:Nedbank
10977:STANLIB
10797:Skywise
10677:Defunct
10579:Airlink
10540:Bidvest
10018:Centlec
9820:Palmiet
9815:Barrage
9738:Commons
9198:Nuclear
8989:Defunct
8963:Current
8921:Sectors
8690:devices
8400:Thermal
8395:Osmotic
8390:Current
8370:Biomass
8360:Biofuel
8342:Nuclear
8299:Sources
7884:4 April
7676:8 March
7651:8 March
7625:8 March
7597:16 June
7571:16 June
7545:16 June
7523:16 June
7160:5 April
7134:5 April
7108:1 April
7103:msn.com
6959:3 April
6933:25 July
6876:ZimFact
6826:4005798
6356:3 April
6346:Reuters
6077:8 March
6017:8 March
5589:3 April
4911:6 April
4766:. Eskom
4679:2 March
4103:. Eskom
3538:15 July
3512:15 July
3275:6 March
3222:3 April
2645:XMLVend
2575:and on
2195:42,749
2192:44,772
2189:46,665
2186:48,628
2183:47,658
2180:47,978
2177:46,490
2174:46,919
2171:46,266
2168:43,473
2165:41,778
1902:cyanide
1625:Nuclear
1504:Status
1466:in the
974:Status
625:Mandela
558:Witbank
495:History
483:At the
434:Witbank
400:in the
362:Website
221:42,749
133:Revenue
100:Sandton
82: (
74:Founded
11975:Bosasa
11931:Steers
11659:Mining
11470:Nampak
11428:Bakers
11280:Sybrin
11259:Neotel
11210:Cell C
11128:Wizzit
10845:Energy
10828:Concor
10713:Comair
10651:Safair
10595:CemAir
10098:Alrode
9015:Active
8385:Marine
8365:Biogas
8084:
7591:News24
7333:23 May
7250:News24
6824:
6816:
6749:News24
6070:
6038:News24
5781:29 May
5719:29 May
5636:News24
5361:
5351:
5290:22 May
5264:22 May
5237:
5204:
5196:
5159:
3730:
3720:
3453:News24
3380:7 June
3355:7 June
3050:
2920:Energy
2894:Energy
2334:Soweto
2119:401.8
2116:483.7
2113:440.6
2110:388.7
2107:355.3
2104:322.7
2101:297.4
2098:254.8
2095:202.9
2092:182.6
2089:160.3
1989:204.3
1986:199.5
1983:179.8
1980:177.4
1977:177.1
1974:164.2
1971:147.7
1968:138.3
1965:128.9
1962:114.8
1959:91.45
1897:News24
1865:Nampak
1632:1,860
1606:1,332
1554:1,000
1507:Notes
1438:3,654
1390:4,764
1366:3,600
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