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but it cannot detect the presence of free conidia of this fungus or infected hosts. Because they cannot detect these parasites, either the host or the host's offspring become infected and/or die. In contrast, termites detect and avoid some lethal conidia strains. Other soil-dwelling insects have
519:. The signaling cues between these fungi and their host targets are under investigation. The ability to sense these parasites can increase fitness for the host targets. Evidence suggests that signal recognition occurs within some hosts, but not others. For example, the
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Vandenburg, J.D., Ramos, M. & Altre, J.A. (1998) Dose –response and age- and temperature-related susceptibility of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to two isolates of
Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliaceae). Environmental Entomology, 27,
689:(Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) as free conidia or infection in its host, the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Biological Control, 21, 300–304.
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Strasser H, Vey A, Butt TM (28 June 2010). "Are There any Risks in Using
Entomopathogenic Fungi for Pest Control, with Particular Reference to the Bioactive Metabolites of Metarhizium, Tolypocladium and Beauveria species?".
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Hughes, W.O.H., Petersen, K.S., Ugelvig, L.V., Pedersen, D., Thomsen, L., Poulsen, M. et al. (2004) Density-dependence and within-host competition in a semelparous parasite of leafcutting ants. BMC Evolutionary
Biology, 4,
717:
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Myles, T.G. (2002) Alarm, aggregation, and defense by
Reticulitermes flavipes in response to a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae. Sociobiology, 40, 243–255.
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that can kill or seriously disable insects. They do not need to enter an insect's body through oral ingestion or intake; rather, they directly penetrate though the
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730:, Hafiza Tahira Gul, Shafqat Saeed, Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan, Applied Sciences and Business Economics, Volume 1, Issue 1, June, 2014.
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257:(spores) are formed in or on the insect if environmental conditions are again right. High humidity is usually required for
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245:). Then, the fungal cells proliferate in the host body cavity, usually as walled hyphae or in the form of wall-less
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Most entomopathogenic fungi can be grown on artificial media. Some require complex media, while others, like
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Since they are considered natural mortality agents and environmentally safe, entomopathogenic fungi for
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of insects have been studied for more than 100 years. In particular, the asexual phases of
Ascomycota (
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These fungi usually attach to the external body surface of insects in the form of microscopic
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of various arthropod species. Here is a wasp parasitized by the fungus
Cordyceps.
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group. Many common and/or important entomopathogenic fungi are in the order
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Entomopathogenic Fungi as
Effective Insect Pest Management Tactic: A Review
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spp., and others) are under scrutiny due to traits favouring their use as
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evolved the ability to detect and avoid certain entomopathogenic fungi.
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etc.) are reported as causing epizootics less frequently in nature.
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spp. successfully infect susceptible host populations through
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Fernandes EG, Valério HM, Feltrin T, Van Der Sand ST (2012).
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from several of the main fungal groups and do not form a
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90:of all important aspects of the article.
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461:and exploitable species in the genus
375:Fungi may also attack and kill other
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233:and colonize the insect's
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167:entomopathogenic fungus
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122:is missing information
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754:Parasites of insects
387:Ophiocordycipitaceae
239:enzymatic hydrolysis
209:) Scale bar = 0.3 mm
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221:spores also called
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528:is susceptible to
504:Beauveria bassiana
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485:Metarhizium
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445:application
441:formulation
426:Metarhizium
362:Entomophaga
329:Metarhizium
294:Hypocreales
278:parasitoids
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477:epizootics
451:Production
370:Zygomycota
354:Zoophthora
348:; others (
340:teleomorph
323:Hirsutella
298:Ascomycota
276:fungi are
255:propagules
219:mitosporic
203:Zygomycota
39:improve it
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471:Virulence
408:Beauveria
345:Cordyceps
307:Beauveria
304:) phases
274:Cordyceps
128:talk page
80:summarize
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653:83558063
617:24031896
553:LUBILOSA
537:See also
481:virulent
391:nematode
342:) state
335:Nomuraea
302:anamorph
243:hemocoel
227:humidity
608:3768820
516:conidia
393:pests.
368:of the
358:Pandora
296:of the
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223:conidia
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414:Isaria
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265:Groups
231:hyphae
215:spores
171:fungus
649:S2CID
316:(was
191:aphid
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