643:
The Song advance was impeded by Jin military successes and declining soldier morale that forced many to desert. By the fall of 1206, multiple towns and military bases had been captured by the
Jurchens. Neither side was willing to continue fighting, and a peace treaty was signed on November 2, 1208.
592:
One of
Emperor Zhangzong's concubines was Li Shi'er (李師兒). Zhangzong once romanced Concubine Li on Qiong Island (瓊島), where Concubine Li said that the emperor was like the sun (日), while she was the moon (月). Together, they make the character for "bright" (明). Emperor Zhangzong in his later years
600:
who were originally part of the Jin dynasty revolted and allied with the
Mongols. Seeing that the Jin dynasty was declining, the Southern Song chancellor Han Tuozhou sought to capitalize on the opportunity to launch an attack on the Jin. Han Tuozhou ultimately failed and was executed.
644:
To obtain peace, the Song dynasty had to yield territory, pay an indemnity, and execute the hawkish Han
Tuozhou. The Song dynasty was obligated to pay an annual tribute of 50,000 taels of silver and 50,000 packs of fabric. They also delivered the severed head Han Tuozhou and
480:
and
Jurchen cultures and customs. However, the Jin dynasty began to decline as he started neglecting governmental affairs and showing favoritism to one of his concubines Li Shi'er and her family members in political office. The
497:
tried to take advantage of Madage's incompetency by launching an attack on the Jin. However the Jin dynasty defeated the
Southern Song, and the Southern Song was forced to pay retribution and execute Han Tuozhou for the Jin.
635:
and natural disasters. The Song began provoking
Emperor Zhangzong in 1204 and onward by orchestrating raids on Jin settlements. The fighting continued to escalate, partly aggravated by Song officials in support of
593:
began to spoil
Concubine Li and gave her family members positions in the government, while ignoring his duties as the emperor. As such, the Jin Empire began to decline during his reign.
501:
Madage died shortly after the Song's failed invasion and was succeeded by yet another incompetent ruler. Seeing the declining state of the Jin dynasty under Madage and his successor,
1094:
589:
for him to go fishing. Unlike his grandfather, Emperor
Zhangzong did not consider hunting as a natural and necessary way of military training but viewed it as recreation.
926:
746:
803:
794:
1058:
709:
1133:
723:
667:
Jin
Zhangzong's posthumous title was Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao Emperor (憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝). He was buried in Daoling (道陵).
625:
112:
1123:
656:
In December 29, 1208, Jin Zhangzong died. All six of his sons died before the age of three. Without any heirs, he was succeeded by his uncle
1128:
1090:
645:
509:
would ultimately conquer both the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, reunifying China after centuries of war between the various empires.
919:
664:
knew that Wanyan Yongji was incompetent, so he immediately sent his army south to invade the Jin Dynasty in the following year.
1148:
1143:
1074:
912:
1153:
1046:
1042:
476:, that remains to this day. He also established many Confucian temples throughout Northeast China and was tolerant of both
1034:
1138:
898:
1038:
1030:
371:
304:
1070:
555:
385:
318:
522:
Emperor Zhangzong was the sixth emperor of the Jin dynasty. He inherited the throne from his grandfather,
936:
533:
To some extent, Emperor Zhangzong continued his grandfather's policy of encouraging intensive use of the
462:
213:
32:
610:
490:
1022:
559:
examination. On the other hand, he permitted Jurchens to follow Han Chinese funeral practices, and
1014:
982:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1018:
967:
952:
686:
523:
50:
1050:
1026:
1010:
987:
957:
616:
628:, trying to reunify China from the south, Emperor Zhangzong's armies defeated the invaders.
1118:
1113:
947:
904:
8:
597:
553:(Jurchen hereditary feudal nobility) to take an archery test if they wanted to sit for a
482:
868:
Franke, Herbert (1994). Denis C. Twitchett; Herbert Franke; John King Fairbank (eds.).
619:
992:
894:
125:
96:
870:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368
631:
The conflict began when the Song were informed of Jurchen troubles with the rising
534:
454:
408:
341:
274:
251:
702:
168:
108:
850:
689:'s second son and heir apparent, posthumously honored as Emperor Xianzong (金顯宗)
682:
468:
During his rule, he is credited for ordering the construction of the beautiful
458:
223:
1107:
977:
785:
657:
632:
527:
486:
60:
640:, and war against the Jin dynasty was officially declared on June 14, 1206.
962:
661:
575:
571:
564:
560:
506:
502:
446:
415:
348:
281:
719:
First Consort, of the Li clan (元妃 李氏, d. 1209), personal name Shi'er (師兒)
622:
538:
494:
477:
180:
175:
Emperor Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao (憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝)
692:
Mother: Lady Tudan (徒單氏), posthumously honored as Empress Xiaoyi (孝懿皇后)
637:
582:
567:
dynasty rituals are known to have been performed at his court in 1194.
469:
485:
who once allied with the Jin dynasty rebelled and joined the rising
505:
launched an invasion on the Jin shortly after Madage's death. The
586:
473:
208:
196:
465:
of China. He reigned from 20 January 1189 to 29 December 1208.
542:
201:
736:
of the Jiagu clan (昭儀 夾谷氏), Jiagu Qingchen's (夾谷清臣) daughter
934:
541:
clothes and required his subjects to perform the Jurchen
537:
and promotion of Jurchen customs. He forbade wearing of
578:
temples in all prefectures and counties of his empire.
420:
353:
286:
441:(31 August 1168 – 29 December 1208), personal name
808:(壽王 完顏洪輝, 3 June 1197 – 28 November 1197), 5th son
604:
581:Emperor Zhangzong ordered the construction of the
1105:
872:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 246–249.
648:(蘇師旦) for instigating the war to the Jurchens.
920:
390:
376:
323:
309:
256:
660:instead. After Yongji ascended the throne,
927:
913:
714:(絳王 完顏洪裕, 1186 — 25 October 1188), 1st son
863:
861:
859:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
705:, of the Pucha clan (欽懷皇后 蒲察氏; d.1189)
1106:
867:
908:
856:
776:Princess of Shun (順國公主), 3rd daughter
681:Father: Hutuwa (胡土瓦), sinicized name
891:The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China
845:
843:
820:
611:Jin–Song Wars § Song revanchism
570:Resuming one of the projects of the
893:. Univ. of Washington Press, 1976.
13:
742:Ziming, of the Lin clan (資明夫人 林氏)
95:Dao Mausoleum (道陵, in present-day
42:20 January 1189 – 29 December 1208
14:
1165:
1134:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) Buddhists
840:
728:(葛王 完颜忒邻, 1202 – 1203 ), 6th son
615:When, in 1206, the troops of the
147:Sinicized name: Wanyan Jing (完顏璟)
1124:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) emperors
574:, Emperor Zhangzong established
1129:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) Taoists
799:(英王 完顏洪衍, 1193 – 1193), 4th son
790:(榮王 完顏洪熙, 1192 – 1193), 3rd son
751:(荊王 完顏洪靖, 1192 – 1193), 2nd son
605:Failed Song invasion of the Jin
876:
421:
391:
377:
354:
324:
310:
287:
257:
1:
1149:13th-century Chinese monarchs
1144:12th-century Chinese monarchs
1059:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
882:《金史·列傳第三十一 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）》
814:
517:
651:
7:
1154:People from Xilingol League
131:
117:
10:
1170:
773:, of the Fan clan (承御范氏)
608:
545:ceremony. He required his
149:Jurchen name: Madage (麻達葛)
16:Emperor of the Jin dynasty
1139:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
1008:
999:
943:
670:
432:
414:
407:
402:
398:
384:
370:
365:
347:
340:
335:
331:
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298:
280:
273:
268:
264:
250:
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241:
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207:
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179:
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159:Mingchang (明昌): 1190—1196
158:
153:
146:
141:
137:
124:
104:
90:
78:
70:
66:
56:
46:
38:
30:
21:
472:, an artificial lake in
439:Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
372:Traditional Chinese
305:Traditional Chinese
242:Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
161:Cheng'an (承安): 1196—1200
22:Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
937:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
626:invaded the Jin dynasty
512:
386:Simplified Chinese
319:Simplified Chinese
697:Consort and issue(s):
526:and was succeeded by
163:Taihe (泰和): 1201—1208
759:, of the Jia (承御賈氏)
598:Tatar confederation
483:Tatar confederation
978:Prince Shao of Wei
1101:
1100:
963:Prince of Hailing
712:, Prince of Jiang
572:Prince of Hailing
436:
435:
428:
427:
409:Standard Mandarin
361:
360:
342:Standard Mandarin
294:
293:
275:Standard Mandarin
237:
236:
191:
190:
97:Fangshan District
1161:
1003:
935:Emperors of the
929:
922:
915:
906:
905:
883:
880:
874:
873:
865:
854:
847:
838:
835:
806:, Prince of Shou
797:, Prince of Ying
788:, Prince of Rong
749:, Prince of Jing
535:Jurchen language
453:, was the sixth
424:
423:
400:
399:
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380:
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313:
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290:
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266:
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260:
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239:
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139:
138:
85:
82:29 December 1208
26:
19:
18:
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1168:
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1163:
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1159:
1158:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1004:
1001:
997:
939:
933:
886:
881:
877:
866:
857:
848:
841:
836:
821:
817:
747:Wanyan Hongjing
703:Empress Qinhuai
687:Emperor Shizong
673:
654:
613:
607:
524:Emperor Shizong
520:
515:
169:Posthumous name
162:
160:
148:
115:
111:
109:Empress Qinhuai
100:
83:
51:Emperor Shizong
31:Emperor of the
24:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1099:
1098:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
941:
940:
932:
931:
924:
917:
909:
903:
902:
889:Tao Jingshen.
885:
884:
875:
855:
853:, Biography 36
851:History of Jin
839:
818:
816:
813:
812:
811:
810:
809:
804:Wanyan Honghui
800:
795:Wanyan Hongyan
791:
779:
778:
777:
768:
767:
766:
754:
753:
752:
737:
731:
730:
729:
726:, Prince of Ge
717:
716:
715:
694:
693:
690:
683:Wanyan Yungong
672:
669:
653:
650:
609:Main article:
606:
603:
519:
516:
514:
511:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
418:
412:
411:
405:
404:
403:Transcriptions
396:
395:
388:
382:
381:
374:
368:
367:
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362:
359:
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345:
344:
338:
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336:Transcriptions
329:
328:
321:
315:
314:
307:
301:
300:
296:
295:
292:
291:
284:
278:
277:
271:
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269:Transcriptions
262:
261:
254:
248:
247:
244:
243:
235:
234:
233:Empress Xiaoyi
231:
227:
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224:Wanyan Yungong
221:
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216:
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205:
204:
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193:
192:
189:
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187:Zhangzong (章宗)
184:
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165:
164:
156:
155:
151:
150:
144:
143:
135:
134:
128:
122:
121:
106:
102:
101:
94:
92:
88:
87:
86:(aged 40)
80:
76:
75:
74:31 August 1168
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68:
67:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
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36:
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28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1166:
1155:
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1127:
1125:
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1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
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1007:
994:
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989:
986:
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959:
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951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
938:
930:
925:
923:
918:
916:
911:
910:
907:
900:
899:0-295-95514-7
896:
892:
888:
887:
879:
871:
864:
862:
860:
852:
846:
844:
837:Tao, p. 85-86
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
819:
807:
805:
801:
798:
796:
792:
789:
787:
786:Wanyan Hongxi
783:
782:
780:
775:
774:
772:
769:
764:
761:
760:
758:
755:
750:
748:
744:
743:
741:
738:
735:
732:
727:
725:
721:
720:
718:
713:
711:
710:Wanyan Hongyu
707:
706:
704:
701:
700:
699:
698:
691:
688:
684:
680:
679:
678:
677:
668:
665:
663:
659:
658:Wanyan Yongji
649:
647:
641:
639:
634:
629:
627:
624:
621:
618:
617:Southern Song
612:
602:
599:
596:In 1196, the
594:
590:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
528:Wanyan Yongji
525:
510:
508:
504:
499:
496:
492:
491:Southern Song
488:
487:Mongol Empire
484:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
431:
419:
417:
413:
410:
406:
401:
397:
389:
387:
383:
375:
373:
369:
364:
352:
350:
346:
343:
339:
334:
330:
322:
320:
316:
308:
306:
302:
297:
288:Jīn Zhāngzōng
285:
283:
279:
276:
272:
267:
263:
255:
253:
249:
245:
240:
232:
228:
225:
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200:
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185:
182:
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157:
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145:
140:
136:
133:
132:§ Family
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127:
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119:
114:
110:
107:
103:
98:
93:
89:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
61:Wanyan Yongji
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:
29:
20:
1047:N. Dynasties
1043:S. Dynasties
972:
890:
878:
869:
802:
793:
784:
770:
762:
756:
745:
739:
733:
724:Wanyan Telin
722:
708:
696:
695:
675:
674:
666:
662:Genghis Khan
655:
642:
630:
614:
595:
591:
580:
569:
554:
550:
546:
532:
521:
507:Yuan dynasty
503:Genghis Khan
500:
467:
450:
442:
438:
437:
416:Hanyu Pinyin
349:Hanyu Pinyin
282:Hanyu Pinyin
116:
84:(1208-12-29)
1119:1208 deaths
1114:1168 births
1039:16 Kingdoms
849:《金史·列傳第三十六》
763:misscariage
623:Han Tuozhou
539:Han Chinese
495:Han Tuozhou
493:chancellor
463:Jin dynasty
451:Wanyan Jing
422:Wányán Jǐng
366:Wanyan Jing
181:Temple name
47:Predecessor
33:Jin dynasty
1108:Categories
1031:3 Kingdoms
815:References
638:revanchism
620:chancellor
583:Taiye Lake
518:Early life
470:Taiye Lake
99:, Beijing)
973:Zhangzong
781:Unknown:
652:Late life
646:Su Shidan
576:Confucian
447:sinicized
154:Era dates
113:Li Shi'er
57:Successor
983:Xuanzong
685:(完顏允恭),
968:Shizong
953:Taizong
771:Chengyu
757:Chengyu
734:Zhaoyi,
676:Parents
633:Mongols
587:Beijing
547:meng'an
474:Beijing
459:Jurchen
457:of the
455:emperor
252:Chinese
209:Dynasty
1071:W. Xia
988:Aizong
958:Xizong
897:
765:(1208)
671:Family
556:jinshi
543:kowtow
489:. The
443:Madage
355:Mádágé
299:Madage
230:Mother
220:Father
202:Wanyan
118:others
105:Spouse
91:Burial
1015:Shang
948:Taizu
740:Furen
551:mouke
461:-led
449:name
197:House
142:Names
126:Issue
39:Reign
1087:Qing
1083:Ming
1079:Yuan
1067:Song
1063:Liao
1055:Tang
1019:Zhou
895:ISBN
565:Song
563:and
561:Tang
549:and
513:Life
130:See
79:Died
71:Born
1095:PRC
1091:ROC
1075:Jīn
1051:Sui
1035:Jìn
1027:Han
1023:Qin
1011:Xia
585:in
478:Han
392:完颜璟
378:完顏璟
325:麻达葛
311:麻達葛
258:金章宗
214:Jin
25:金章宗
1110::
1093:/
1089:→
1085:→
1081:→
1077:→
1073:/
1069:/
1065:/
1061:→
1057:→
1053:→
1049:→
1045:/
1041:→
1037:/
1033:→
1029:→
1025:→
1021:→
1017:→
1013:→
993:Mo
858:^
842:^
822:^
530:.
445:,
1002:金
928:e
921:t
914:v
901:.
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