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history of the patient, and the patient understands that their confidentiality will be respected. The process of brief therapy under emergency psychiatric conditions includes the establishment of a primary complaint from the patient, realizing psychosocial factors, formulating an accurate representation of the problem, coming up with ways to solve the problem, and setting specific goals. The information gathering aspect of brief psychotherapy is therapeutic because it helps the patient place his or her problem in the proper perspective. If the physician determines that deeper psychotherapy sessions are required, he or she can transition the patient out of the emergency setting and into an appropriate clinic or center.
625:. Patients with a personality disorder will usually not complain about symptoms resulting from their disorder. Patients with an emergency phase of a personality disorder may showcase combative or suspicious behavior, have brief psychotic episodes, or be delusional. Compared with outpatient settings and the general population, the prevalence of individuals with personality disorders in inpatient psychiatric settings is usually 7–25% higher. Clinicians working with such patients attempt to stabilize the individual to their baseline level of function.
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period of time. Even precise psychiatric diagnoses are a secondary priority compared with interventions in a crisis setting. The functions of psychiatric emergency services are to assess patients' problems, implement a short-term treatment consisting of no more than ten meetings with the patient, procure a 24-hour holding area, mobilize teams to carry out interventions at patients' residences, utilize emergency management services to prevent further crises, be aware of inpatient and outpatient psychiatric resources, and provide 24/7
422:
will not be able to provide long-term care for these types of patients, it can exist to provide a brief respite and reconnect the patient to their case manager and/or reintroduce necessary psychiatric medication. A visit to a crisis unit by a patient with a chronic mental disorder may also indicate the existence of an undiscovered precipitant, such as change in the lifestyle of the individual, or a shifting medical condition. These considerations can play a part in an improvement to an existing treatment plan.
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predict acts of violence patients may commit against themselves (or others), even though the complex factors leading to a suicide can stem from many sources, including psychosocial, biological, interpersonal, anthropological, and religious. These mental health professionals will use any resources available to them to determine risk factors, make an overall assessment, and decide on any necessary treatment.
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condition. Many jurisdictions base involuntary commitment on dangerousness or the inability to care for one's basic needs. Observation for a period of time may help determine this. For example, if a patient who is committed for violent behavior in the community, continues to behave in an erratic manner without clear purpose, this will help the staff decide that hospital admission may be needed.
919:. Some patients may be discharged shortly after being brought to psychiatric emergency services while others will require longer observation and the need for continued involuntary commitment will exist. While some patients may initially come voluntarily, it may be realized that they pose a risk to themselves or others and involuntary commitment may be initiated at that point.
409:. Additional risk factors have also been identified which may lead to violent behavior. Such risk factors may include prior arrests, presence of hallucinations, delusions or other neurological impairment, being uneducated, unmarried, etc. Mental health professionals complete violence risk assessments to determine both security measures and treatments for the patient.
703:
Dependent upon legal requirements in the region, mental health professionals may be required to report criminal activity to a police force. Mental health professionals will usually gather identifying data during the initial assessment and refer the patient, if necessary, to receive medical treatment. Medical treatment may include a
359:
services shared common sociological and demographic characteristics, the symptoms and needs expressed have not conformed to any single psychiatric profile. The individualized care needed for patients utilizing psychiatric emergency services is evolving, requiring an always changing and sometimes complex treatment approach.
804:. With all of these factors affecting the rapidity of effect, the time until the effects are evident varies. Generally, though, the timing with medications is relatively fast and can occur within several minutes. As an example, physicians usually expect to see a remission of symptoms thirty minutes after
870:
Patient receive emergency services often on a time limited basis such as 24 or 72 hours. After this time, and sometimes earlier, the staff must decide the next place for the patient to receive services. This is referred to as disposition. This is one of the essential features of emergency psychiatry.
861:
Collateral information or parallel information is information obtained from family, friends or treatment providers of the patient. Some jurisdictions require consent from the patient to obtain this information while others do not. For example, with a patient who is thought to be paranoid about people
441:
and prepare the patient for treatment. As with other patient care considerations, the origins of acute psychosis can be difficult to determine because of the mental state of the patient. However, acute psychosis is classified as a medical emergency requiring immediate and complete attention according
421:
symptoms are common in psychiatric emergency service settings. The determination of the source of the psychosis can be difficult. Sometimes patients brought into the setting in a psychotic state have been disconnected from their previous treatment plan. While the psychiatric emergency service setting
654:. Clinicians usually attempt to first provide a "safe harbor" for the patient so that assessment processes and treatments can be adequately facilitated. The initiation of treatments for mood and anxiety disorders are important as patients with anxiety disorders have a higher risk of premature death.
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and other negative attitudes directed towards treatment. In addition, the clinician must determine substances used, the route of administration, dosage, and time of last use to determine the necessary short and long-term treatments. An appropriate choice of treatment setting must also be determined.
462:
Another common cause of psychotic symptoms is substance intoxication. These acute symptoms may resolve after a period of observation or limited psychopharmacological treatment. However the underlying issues, such as substance dependence or abuse, is difficult to treat in the emergency department, as
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estimated one million suicides in the world each year. There are countless more suicide attempts. Psychiatric emergency service settings exist to treat the mental disorders associated with an increased risk of suicide or suicide attempts. Mental health professionals in these settings are expected to
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in psychiatric emergency service settings. Instances wherein a patient is depressed to such a severe degree that the patient cannot be stopped from hurting himself or herself or when a patient refuses to swallow, eat or drink medication, electroconvulsive therapy could be suggested as a therapeutic
732:
may be used in the emergency setting. The introduction and efficacy of psychiatric medication as a treatment option in psychiatry has reduced the utilization of physical restraints in emergency settings, by reducing dangerous symptoms resulting from acute exacerbation of mental illness or substance
673:
often includes psychiatric emergency services designed to help victims cope with the situation. The impact of disasters can cause people to feel shocked, overwhelmed, immobilized, panic-stricken, or confused. Hours, days, months and even years after a disaster, individuals can experience tormenting
637:
may seek treatment when all support systems have been exhausted and they are unable to bear the anxiety. Feelings of anxiety may present in different ways from an underlying medical illness or psychiatric disorder, a secondary functional disturbance from another psychiatric disorder, from a primary
479:
are usually desired for and characterized by increased talkativeness, giddiness, and a loosening of social inhibitions. Besides considerations of impaired concentration, verbal and motor performance, insight, judgment and short-term memory loss which could result in behavioral change causing injury
927:
In some locations, such as the United States, voluntary hospitalizations are outnumbered by involuntary commitments partly due to the fact that insurance tends not to pay for hospitalization unless an imminent danger exists to the individual or community. In addition, psychiatric emergency service
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can be used to treat acute conditions or immediate problems as long as the patient understands his or her issues are psychological, the patient trusts the physician, the physician can encourage hope for change, the patient has motivation to change, the physician is aware of the psychopathological
480:
or death, levels of alcohol below 60 milligrams per deciliter of blood are usually considered non-lethal. However, individuals at 200 milligrams per deciliter of blood are considered grossly intoxicated and concentration levels at 400 milligrams per deciliter of blood are lethal, causing complete
719:
Treatments in psychiatric emergency service settings are typically transitory in nature and only exist to provide dispositional solutions and/or to stabilize life-threatening conditions. Once stabilized, patients with chronic conditions may be transferred to a setting which can provide long term
287:
Within a protected environment, psychiatric emergency services exist to provide brief stay of two or three days to gain a diagnostic clarity, find appropriate alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization for the patient, and to treat those patients whose symptoms can be improved within that brief
358:
Emergency psychiatry has involved the evaluation and treatment of unemployed, homeless and other disenfranchised populations. Emergency psychiatry services have sometimes been able to offer accessibility, convenience, and anonymity. While many of the patients who have used psychiatric emergency
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The staff will need to determine if the patient needs to be admitted to a psychiatric inpatient facility or if they can be safely discharged to the community after a period of observation and/or brief treatment. Initial emergency psychiatric evaluations usually involve patients who are acutely
702:
can result in dangerous outcomes to the victim of the criminal act. Victims may have extreme anxiety, fear, helplessness, confusion, eating or sleeping disorders, hostility, guilt and shame. Managing the response usually encompasses coordinating psychological, medical and legal considerations.
857:
There are other essential aspects of emergency psychiatry: observation and collateral information. The observation of the patient's behavior is an important aspect of emergency psychiatry as it allows the clinicians working with the patient to estimate prognosis and improvements/declines in
678:
considerations are managed first. Soon after a disaster clinicians may make themselves available to allow individuals to ventilate to relieve feelings of isolation, helplessness and vulnerability. Dependent upon the scale of the disaster, many victims may develop either chronic or acute
677:
Due to the typically disorganized and hazardous environment following a disaster, mental health professionals typically assess and treat patients as rapidly as possible. Unless a condition is threatening life of the patient, or others around the patient, other medical and basic survival
491:
Beyond the dangerous behavioral changes that occur after the consumption of certain amounts of alcohol, idiosyncratic intoxication could occur in some individuals even after the consumption of relatively small amounts of alcohol. Episodes of this impairment usually consist of confusion,
560:
These settings may include outpatient facilities, partial hospitals, residential treatment centers, or hospitals. Both the immediate and long-term treatment and setting is determined by the severity of dependency and seriousness of physiological complications arising from the abuse.
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alternative. While preliminary research suggests that electroconvulsive therapy may be an effective treatment for depression, it usually requires a course of six to twelve sessions of convulsions lasting at least 20 seconds for those antidepressant effects to occur.
347:. Deinstitutionalization, in some locations, has resulted in a larger number of severely mentally ill people living in the community. There have been increases in the number of medical specialties, and the multiplication of transitory treatment options, such as
389:. This activation can become evident through symptoms such as the clenching of fists or jaw, pacing, slamming doors, hitting palms of hands with fists, or being easily startled. It is estimated that 17% of visits to psychiatric emergency service settings are
915:, or mentally ill according to the applicable government law for the region. After an individual is transported to a psychiatric emergency service setting, a preliminary professional assessment is completed which may or may not result in
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following him or spying on him, this information can be helpful discern if these thoughts are more or less likely to be based in reality. Past episodes of suicide attempts or violent behavior can be confirmed or disproven.
604:
that may lead to shock. Often patients with severe general medical symptoms, such as unstable vital signs, will be transferred to a general medical emergency department or medicine service for increased monitoring.
579:
is a potentially lethal complication of first or second generation antipsychotics. If untreated, neuroleptic malignant syndrome can result in fever, muscle rigidity, confusion, unstable vital signs, or even death.
243:
The place where emergency psychiatric services are delivered are most commonly referred to as
Psychiatric Emergency Services, Psychiatric Emergency Care Centers, or Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Programs.
1918:
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An individual could also be experiencing an acute onset of psychosis. Such conditions can be prepared for diagnosis by obtaining a medical or psychopathological history of a patient, performing a
174:
Care of patients requiring psychiatric intervention usually encompasses crisis stabilization of many serious and potentially life-threatening conditions which could include acute or chronic
796:
in the stomach may also affect the rate of absorption. Once absorbed medications must be distributed throughout the body, or usually with the case of psychiatric medication, past the
761:
of the medication. A common route of administration is oral administration, however if this method is to work the drug must be able to get to the stomach and stay there. In cases of
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may also have alcoholic hallucinosis, wherein the cessation of prolonged drinking may trigger auditory hallucinations. Such episodes can last for a few hours or an entire week.
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is a disturbance in thought, mood and/or action which causes sudden distress to the individual/others and sudden disability or death, thus requiring immediate management.
1903:
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memories, vivid nightmares, develop apathy, withdrawal, memory lapses, fatigue, loss of appetite, insomnia, depression, irritability, panic attacks, or dysphoria.
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in origin and an additional 5% involve both suicide and homicide. Violence is also associated with many conditions such as acute intoxication, acute psychosis,
167:
Individuals may arrive in psychiatric emergency service settings through their own voluntary request, a referral from another health professional, or through
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1913:
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1472:"The Psychopharmacology of Agitation: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA Psychopharmacology Workgroup"
220:
these symptoms and psychiatric conditions. In addition, several rapidly lethal medical conditions present themselves with common psychiatric symptoms. A
1297:
724:. Prescribed treatments within the emergency service setting vary dependent upon the patient's condition. Different forms of psychiatric medication,
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351:. The actual number of psychiatric emergencies has also increased significantly, especially in psychiatric emergency service settings located in
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892:, or who are suicidal. Initial evaluations to determine admission and interventions are designed to be as therapeutic as possible.
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575:, and dangerous reactions from psychiatric medications, especially antipsychotics, are considered psychiatric emergencies.
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1521:"Use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines in patients with psychiatric emergencies: Results of an observational trial"
682:. Patients affected severely by this disorder often are admitted to psychiatric hospitals to stabilize the individual.
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437:, and obtaining other neurophysiologic measurements. Following this, the mental health professional can perform a
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to
Shubham kumar. The lack of identification and treatment can result in suicide, homicide, or other violence.
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With time as a critical aspect of emergency psychiatry, the rapidity of effect is an important consideration.
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Aggression can be the result of both internal and external factors that create a measurable activation in the
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Nurius P.S. (1983). "Emergency psychiatric services: a study of changing utilization patterns and issues".
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Zeller SL. Treatment of psychiatric patients in emergency settings. Primary
Psychiatry 2010;17:35–41
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555:. Clinicians assessing and treating substance abusers must establish therapeutic rapport to counter
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centers. Therefore, patients who are not admitted will be referred to services in the community.
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Since the 1960s, the demand for emergency psychiatric services has endured a rapid growth due to
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is the movement of drugs through the body with time and is at least partially reliant upon the
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can, in some situations, be administered instead. Medication can also be administered through
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The amount of time required for absorption varies dependent upon many factors including drug
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as well as other forms of substance abuse can require psychiatric interventions. Acting as a
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Holford N.H.G; Sheiner L.B. (1981). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling in vivo".
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ability to identify and intervene with these and other medical conditions is critical.
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156:. The demand for emergency psychiatric services has rapidly increased throughout the
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are the most frequently used drugs in emergency psychiatry, especially agitation.
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1996:
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Wilson, M. P.; Pepper, D; Currier, G. W.; Holloman Jr, G. H.; Feifel, D (2012).
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Other treatment methods may be used in psychiatric emergency service settings.
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Working
Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
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Sanchez, Federico, (2007), "Suicide
Explained, A Neuropsychological Approach."
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Emergency
Psychiatry and Mental Health Policty: An International Point of View
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Psychiatric emergency services are rendered by professionals in the fields of
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164:. Care for patients in situations involving emergency psychiatry is complex.
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can cause severe psychological stress in victims surrounding the event.
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http://www.primarypsychiatry.com/aspx/articledetail.aspx?articleid=2675
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707:, collection of medicolegal evidence, and determination of the risk of
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1158:"Organization and function of academic psychiatric emergency services"
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New
Developments in Emergency Psychiatry: Medical, Legal, and Economic
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Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition
944:, psychiatrist, mental health treatment for children after a disaster
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settings. Conditions requiring psychiatric interventions may include
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Calming
Agitation with Words, not Drugs: 10 Commandments for Safety
1322:
Hughes DH (1996). "Suicide and violence assessment in psychiatry".
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Gerson S, Bassuk E (1980). "Psychiatric emergencies: an overview".
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Symptoms and conditions behind psychiatric emergencies may include
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621:, interpersonal functioning and impulse control can be considered
496:, increased aggressiveness, rage, agitation and violence. Chronic
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Patients may also be treated for substance abuse following the
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Setting the
Standards: Human Rights and Health – Mental Health
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34:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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Mind, Brain, and Drug: An Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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classify an individual as dangerous to themselves, others,
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and nausea this method of administration is not an option.
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Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
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settings admit approximately one third of patients from
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Clinical application of psychiatry in emergency settings
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ATSDR - Psychological Responses to Hazardous Substances
792:. If a medication is administered orally the amount of
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1066:
Emergency Psychiatry: Concepts, Methods, and Practices
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Disorders manifesting dysfunction in areas related to
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1203:
The Growth and Specialization of Emergency Psychiatry
1087:
808:, an antipsychotic, is administered intramuscularly.
1914:
Taiwanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
1627:
Glick RL, Berlin JS, Fishkind AB, Zeller SL (2008) "
1518:
1834:
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
1360:. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
646:, or as a result of stress from such conditions as
1096:De Clercq, M.; Lamarre, S.; Vergouwen, H. (1998).
2589:
978:. (1999). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
596:. Severe symptoms of serotonin syndrome include
2397:International Federation for Emergency Medicine
1576:International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine
216:Emergency psychiatry exists to identify and/or
213:, and significant, rapid changes in behavior.
2401:International Conference on Emergency Medicine
1631:" Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
1629:Emergency Psychiatry: Principles and Practice.
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1884:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia
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1648:American Association for Emergency Psychiatry
1218:. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Press
32:The examples and perspective in this article
2417:Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians
1663:Japanese Association of Emergency Psychiatry
1261:
1080:Lipton, F.R. & Goldfinger, S.M. (1985).
903:, or sectioning, refers to situations where
446:Substance dependence, abuse and intoxication
2523:Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient
2412:Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
1573:
1433:. Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission.
1379:
1300:. World Health Organization. Archived from
844:is a controversial form of treatment which
248:from a wide area of disciplines, including
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1839:American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
1690:
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1519:Wilhelm, S; Schacht, A; Wagner, T (2008).
1356:American Psychiatric Association. (2000).
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553:psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
102:, representing emergency medical services.
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564:Hazardous drug reactions and interactions
178:or symptoms similar to those conditions.
90:, representing psychology and psychiatry.
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
2407:American College of Emergency Physicians
1248:Hedges, D. & Burchfield, C. (2006).
1208:
1205:. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
1084:. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
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504:are often used to treat these symptoms.
463:it is a long term condition. Both acute
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272:. The facilities, sometimes housed in a
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81:
2427:European Society for Emergency Medicine
1657:Department of Health and Human Services
1404:Rund, D.A, & Hutzler, J.C. (1983).
1216:Manual of Clinical Emergency Psychiatry
1155:
923:Referrals and voluntary hospitalization
586:selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
238:
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2437:American Academy of Emergency Medicine
2168:
1445:CRC Critical Reviews in Bioengineering
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1082:Emergency Psychiatry at the Crossroads
1064:Bassuk, E.L. & Birk, A.W. (1984).
981:
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853:Observation and collateral information
511:of psychoactive substances containing
368:Suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts
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2073:Neurological conditions and disorders
1844:American Neuropsychiatric Association
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1476:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
1195:
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1103:
1071:
1029:
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492:disorientation, delusions and visual
2432:Asian Society for Emergency Medicine
1408:. St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company.
1134:. NAMI-San Francisco. Archived from
1022:Hillard, R. & Zitek, B. (2004).
299:
18:
2517:Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics
2422:Royal College of Emergency Medicine
1894:National Institute of Mental Health
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380:
13:
1879:Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists
1854:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse
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1264:The American Journal of Psychiatry
14:
2624:
1641:
633:Patients with an extreme case of
403:narcissistic personality disorder
2613:Emergency mental health services
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2214:International emergency medicine
2122:
2112:
1869:European Psychiatric Association
1849:American Psychiatric Association
1376:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
823:
458:, a cause of psychotic symptoms.
303:
23:
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2511:Pediatric Advanced Life Support
2224:Pre-hospital emergency medicine
2123:
1874:Global Initiative on Psychiatry
1723:Child and adolescent psychiatry
1512:
1463:
1290:
846:cannot be involuntarily applied
407:borderline personality disorder
399:antisocial personality disorder
160:since the 1960s, especially in
109:is the clinical application of
2499:Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns
2493:Neonatal Resuscitation Program
2090:Psychiatric survivors movement
1980:Psychiatric survivors movement
1950:Controversies about psychiatry
1909:Royal College of Psychiatrists
1697:
1614:. Eau Claire: PESI Healthcare.
1149:
1113:. U.S. News & World Report
865:
736:
680:post-traumatic stress disorder
652:post-traumatic stress disorder
577:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
1:
2481:Advanced cardiac life support
2464:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1975:Political abuse of psychiatry
1924:World Psychiatric Association
1859:Chinese Society of Psychiatry
1336:10.1016/S0163-8343(96)00037-0
1174:10.1016/s0163-8343(02)00287-6
958:
930:assertive community treatment
638:psychiatric disorder such as
395:paranoid personality disorder
282:24 hours a day, 7 days a week
181:
2505:Pediatric basic life support
2487:Advanced trauma life support
2470:Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
2219:Pediatric emergency medicine
1298:"Suicide prevention (SUPRE)"
1252:. Boston: Pearson Education.
714:
657:
644:generalized anxiety disorder
590:monoamine oxidase inhibitors
412:
264:in these settings alongside
7:
1588:10.2190/4fk1-btdj-af27-htjm
1488:10.5811/westjem.2011.9.6866
1420:Potter, M. (2007, May 31).
1324:General Hospital Psychiatry
1162:General Hospital Psychiatry
935:
883:The emergency care process.
246:Mental health professionals
46:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2629:
2189:Emergency medical services
1889:Indian Psychiatric Society
722:psychiatric rehabilitation
628:
295:
133:, violence or other rapid
2553:
2532:
2445:
2387:
2336:
2247:
2176:
2108:
2060:
1965:Electroconvulsive therapy
1960:Biopsychiatry controversy
1932:
1826:
1733:Cross-cultural psychiatry
1728:Cognitive neuropsychiatry
1705:
1068:. New York: Plenum Press.
842:Electroconvulsive therapy
730:electroconvulsive therapy
427:mental status examination
374:World Health Organization
2598:Psychiatric specialities
2364:Epinephrine / Adrenaline
2012:Psychiatric epidemiology
2007:Philosophy of psychiatry
1899:Philadelphia Association
1738:Developmental disability
1610:Otong-Antai, D. (2001).
1026:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
948:Medically indigent adult
685:
387:autonomic nervous system
362:
2078:Psychiatric medications
1612:Psychiatric Emergencies
1374:Psychiatric Emergencies
1156:Currier GW (Mar 2003).
953:Mental health first aid
771:intramuscular injection
747:route of administration
475:, the early effects of
276:, psychiatric ward, or
2047:Psychosomatic medicine
1783:Nutritional psychiatry
1743:Descriptive psychiatry
1620:Fishkind, AB. (2002)"
1538:10.1186/1471-244X-8-61
1214:Hillard, J.R. (1990).
907:, health officers, or
901:Involuntary commitment
896:Involuntary commitment
884:
836:
816:, as well as assorted
473:central nervous system
459:
439:differential diagnosis
349:psychiatric medication
337:deinstitutionalization
169:involuntary commitment
103:
91:
2545:Injury Severity Score
2316:Nasopharyngeal airway
2289:Intraosseous infusion
1970:Insulin shock therapy
1945:Clinical neuroscience
1864:Democratic Psychiatry
1718:Biological psychiatry
1100:. New York: Elsevier.
917:involuntary treatment
882:
775:intravenous injection
623:personality disorders
609:Personality disorders
453:
431:psychological testing
233:psychiatric emergency
97:
85:
2322:Oropharyngeal airway
2199:Emergency psychiatry
2184:Emergency department
2083:by condition treated
2022:Psychiatric hospital
2017:Psychiatric genetics
1763:Geriatric psychiatry
1753:Emergency psychiatry
1713:Addiction psychiatry
1406:Emergency Psychiatry
1372:Walker, J.I. (1983)
1201:Allen, M.H. (1995).
1024:Emergency Psychiatry
909:health professionals
705:physical examination
671:Emergency management
521:tetrahydrocannabinol
465:alcohol intoxication
290:telephone counseling
278:emergency department
274:psychiatric hospital
239:Delivery of services
199:alcohol intoxication
195:substance dependence
107:Emergency psychiatry
52:create a new article
44:improve this article
2301:Tracheal intubation
2295:Intravenous therapy
1940:Behavioral medicine
1798:Palliative medicine
1778:Military psychiatry
1758:Forensic psychiatry
1276:10.1176/ajp.137.1.1
830:Brief psychotherapy
798:blood–brain barrier
784:, gastrointestinal
648:adjustment disorder
135:changes in behavior
2603:Emergency medicine
2475:Basic life support
2379:Sodium bicarbonate
2177:Emergency medicine
2170:Emergency medicine
2042:Psychopharmacology
1773:Liaison psychiatry
1428:2012-04-22 at the
885:
875:Hospital admission
582:Serotonin syndrome
486:respiratory system
460:
456:psychoactive drugs
315:. You can help by
104:
92:
2585:
2584:
2374:Magnesium sulfate
2283:Electrocardiogram
2209:Medical emergency
2194:Emergency nursing
2136:
2135:
2068:Counseling topics
2002:Pentylenetetrazol
1768:Immuno-psychiatry
942:Betty Pfefferbaum
711:, if applicable.
663:Natural disasters
573:drug interactions
333:
332:
119:attempted suicide
86:The Greek letter
80:
79:
72:
54:, as appropriate.
2620:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2126:
2125:
2116:
1987:Imaging genetics
1692:
1685:
1678:
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1199:
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1144:
1143:
1132:"Crisis Service"
1128:
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1107:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1062:
1027:
1020:
979:
972:
913:gravely disabled
743:Pharmacokinetics
667:man-made hazards
600:, delirium, and
584:can result when
381:Violent behavior
372:As of 2000, the
328:
325:
307:
300:
176:mental disorders
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
2628:
2627:
2623:
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2549:
2533:Scoring systems
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2441:
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2243:
2172:
2167:
2137:
2132:
2104:
2100:Psychotherapies
2056:
2037:Psycho-oncology
1997:Neurophysiology
1955:Anti-psychiatry
1928:
1822:
1793:Neuropsychiatry
1748:Eating disorder
1701:
1696:
1659:(public domain)
1644:
1570:
1568:Further reading
1565:
1564:
1517:
1513:
1468:
1464:
1441:
1437:
1430:Wayback Machine
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925:
905:police officers
898:
877:
868:
855:
839:
826:
818:benzodiazepines
739:
717:
688:
660:
631:
611:
566:
448:
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383:
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329:
323:
320:
313:needs expansion
298:
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123:substance abuse
76:
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28:
24:
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2308:
2306:Laryngeal tube
2303:
2298:
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2274:
2268:Defibrillation
2265:
2260:
2257:Bag valve mask
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2032:Psychoanalysis
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
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1984:
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1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
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1933:Related topics
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1818:Telepsychiatry
1815:
1813:Sleep medicine
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1706:Subspecialties
1703:
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1672:
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1650:
1643:
1642:External links
1640:
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1608:
1582:(3): 239–254.
1569:
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1525:BMC Psychiatry
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1451:(4): 273–322.
1435:
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1194:
1168:(2): 124–129.
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974:Currier, G.W.
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810:Antipsychotics
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733:intoxication.
716:
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692:physical abuse
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640:panic disorder
630:
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529:phencyclidines
509:administration
502:Antipsychotics
494:hallucinations
447:
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417:Patients with
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331:
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268:and emergency
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38:of the subject
36:worldwide view
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2234:Trauma center
2232:
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2129:
2121:
2119:
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2111:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Psychiatrists
2093:
2091:
2088:
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2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2052:Psychosurgery
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
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2023:
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1832:
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1829:
1827:Organizations
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1811:
1809:
1808:Psychotherapy
1806:
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1803:Pain medicine
1801:
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1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:(6): 416–21.
1329:
1325:
1318:
1304:on 2004-07-01
1303:
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1277:
1273:
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1198:
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1138:on 2007-07-10
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906:
902:
893:
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824:Psychotherapy
821:
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812:, especially
811:
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772:
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723:
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683:
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664:
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345:United States
342:
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314:
311:This section
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283:
279:
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266:psychiatrists
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219:
214:
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211:panic attacks
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30:
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2451:Life support
2229:Major trauma
2198:
2027:Psychiatrist
1992:Neuroimaging
1752:
1611:
1579:
1575:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1482:(1): 26–34.
1479:
1475:
1465:
1448:
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1306:. Retrieved
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1292:
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840:
827:
779:
755:distribution
740:
718:
696:sexual abuse
689:
676:
661:
632:
612:
598:hyperthermia
567:
506:
490:
461:
433:, obtaining
424:
416:
384:
371:
357:
334:
324:January 2010
321:
317:adding to it
312:
286:
242:
232:
230:
215:
209:, violence,
185:
173:
166:
139:
106:
105:
100:Star of Life
66:
57:
33:
2328:Pocket mask
2204:Golden hour
1270:(1): 1–11.
866:Disposition
814:Haloperidol
806:haloperidol
737:Medications
619:affectivity
602:tachycardia
549:anxiolytics
531:, or other
513:amphetamine
435:neuroimages
353:urban areas
262:social work
162:urban areas
154:social work
2592:Categories
2540:NACA score
2349:Amiodarone
2263:Chest tube
1699:Psychiatry
1308:2007-08-11
1142:2007-07-15
1117:2007-07-15
1111:"Glossary"
959:References
888:agitated,
782:solubility
759:metabolism
751:absorption
498:alcoholics
482:anesthesia
469:depressant
270:physicians
258:psychology
203:depression
182:Definition
150:psychology
127:depression
111:psychiatry
60:March 2014
2459:First aid
2344:Adenosine
2311:Combitube
2285:(ECG/EKG)
2249:Equipment
1788:Narcology
715:Treatment
709:pregnancy
658:Disasters
615:cognition
594:buspirone
592:mix with
569:Overdoses
545:hypnotics
541:sedatives
533:inhalants
419:psychotic
413:Psychosis
391:homicidal
222:physician
207:delusions
188:attempted
131:psychosis
115:emergency
48:talk page
2564:Category
2525:(CCrISP)
2369:Naloxone
2359:Dopamine
2354:Atropine
1604:34596811
1557:18647402
1506:22461918
1426:Archived
1182:12676426
936:See also
890:paranoid
786:motility
763:vomiting
517:caffeine
454:Illicit
343:and the
339:both in
250:medicine
224:'s or a
201:, acute
142:medicine
42:You may
2608:Suicide
2576:Outline
2501:(ACoRN)
2447:Courses
2128:Outline
1596:6654614
1548:2507712
1497:3298219
1457:7023829
1344:8937907
1284:6986089
800:to the
635:anxiety
629:Anxiety
537:opioids
525:cocaine
484:of the
477:alcohol
471:of the
296:History
254:nursing
226:nurse's
191:suicide
146:nursing
2519:(ALSO)
2513:(PALS)
2507:(PBLS)
2489:(ATLS)
2483:(ACLS)
2239:Triage
2118:Portal
1602:
1594:
1555:
1545:
1531:: 61.
1504:
1494:
1455:
1342:
1282:
1180:
557:denial
341:Europe
260:, and
2495:(NRP)
2477:(BLS)
2466:(CPR)
2337:Drugs
2324:(OPA)
2318:(NPA)
2259:(BVM)
2061:Lists
1655:U.S.
1600:S2CID
1187:4 Oct
802:brain
728:, or
686:Abuse
363:Scope
218:treat
158:world
50:, or
2297:(IV)
2291:(IO)
1592:PMID
1553:PMID
1502:PMID
1453:PMID
1340:PMID
1280:PMID
1189:2020
1178:PMID
794:food
788:and
757:and
700:rape
665:and
405:and
152:and
98:The
2277:ICD
2272:AED
1584:doi
1543:PMC
1533:doi
1492:PMC
1484:doi
1332:doi
1272:doi
1268:137
1170:doi
837:ECT
698:or
650:or
642:or
588:or
319:.
171:.
137:.
113:in
88:Psi
2594::
2449:/
1598:.
1590:.
1580:13
1578:.
1551:.
1541:.
1527:.
1523:.
1500:.
1490:.
1480:13
1478:.
1474:.
1447:.
1413:^
1381:^
1365:^
1338:.
1328:18
1326:.
1278:.
1266:.
1223:^
1176:.
1166:25
1164:.
1160:.
1089:^
1073:^
1031:^
983:^
967:^
790:pH
777:.
753:,
749:,
694:,
617:,
571:,
551:,
547:,
543:,
539:,
535:,
527:,
523:,
519:,
515:,
488:.
401:,
397:,
355:.
292:.
284:.
256:,
252:,
231:A
197:,
193:,
148:,
144:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
2403:)
2399:(
2279:)
2270:(
2162:e
2155:t
2148:v
1691:e
1684:t
1677:v
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1586::
1559:.
1535::
1529:8
1508:.
1486::
1459:.
1449:5
1346:.
1334::
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1191:.
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326:)
322:(
73:)
67:(
62:)
58:(
40:.
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