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1110:. The delegation also included 'Ali Sha'rawi Pasha, Abd al-Aziz Fahmi Bey, Muhammad 'Ali Bey, 'Abd al-Latif al-Makabati Bey, Muhammad Mahmud Pasha, Sinut Hanna Bey, Hamd Pasha al-Basil, George Khayyat Bey, Mahmud Abu al-Nasr Bey, Mustafa al-Nahhas Bey and Dr. Hafiz 'Afifi Bey. There they hoped to push for full Egyptian independence.
1134:. In the course of widespread disturbances which followed between 15 and 31 March, at least 800 people were killed, numerous villages were burnt down, large landed properties plundered and railways destroyed by angered Egyptian mobs. "The result was revolution," according to noted professor of Egyptian history, James Jankowski.
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helped to develop an underground network of spies that supported the revolution, consisting of agents in the
British administration as well as the Sultan's Palace and more. Dubbed the Intelligence Department, this organization headed by Abd al-Rahman Fahmi would also help organize protests against anti-Wafd newspapers.
967:. Over a number of years dubbed "The Women's Awakening" literacy rates as well as the number of publications that read and directed towards women increased dramatically. Many of these publications carried heavy feminist themes and would contribute considerably to the involvement of women in the 1919 Revolution.
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On April 7, 1919, Saad
Zaghlul and his allies were released from exile and allowed to return to Egypt. This caused a number of demonstrations that celebrated his return, although British authorities again cracked down on them, with the result that several more deaths occurred. Upon returning, Zaghlul
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despite public apathy. A large amount of the
Egyptian public was still outraged over the continued exile of Saad Zaghlul, who had not been allowed to return despite this new supposed independence. Despite the British government recognizing Egypt as an independent sovereign state, it held on to these
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Before World War I, nationalist agitation in Egypt was limited to the educated elite. The outbreak of the conflict caused several issues with the political landscape of Egypt. The
British authorities attempted to form a Legislative Assembly that would've better represented native Egyptian interests,
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and his military forces in the city within a few days. By 25 July 1919, 800 Egyptians were killed, and 1,600 others were wounded. Heavy-handed police suppression of the riots were often justified by claims that the police were only putting down
Egyptian "rabble" who engaged not in genuine political
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For several weeks until April, demonstrations and strikes across Egypt by students, elite, civil servants, merchants, peasants, workers, and religious leaders became such a daily occurrence that normal life was brought to a halt. This mass movement was characterized by the participation of both men
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Despite having been allowed to return to Egypt since 1919 Saad
Zaghlul would return on April 4, 1921. He rejected any attempts at resolving the conflict made by the government, demanding several conditions for the independence of the Egyptian state. The vast majority of protests were completely on
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The religious and economic conditions of many
Egyptian people had also begun to deteriorate after the outbreak of the war. Living costs were only raised by the conflict and the distribution of cocaine and heroin amongst the population skyrocketed. In addition to this many of the religious needs of
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Although the revolution in 1919 failed to expel
British influence from the nation, many Egyptians celebrated it as a significant step towards their own self-determination. Yet trust in the Egyptian monarchy would struggle to recover and the following decades would find more hardships for Egypt,
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During the war, the
British government stationed thousands of imperial troops in Egypt, conscripted over one and a half million Egyptians into the Labour Corps, and requisitioned buildings, supplies and animals fight on different fronts for use in the war effort. In addition, because of
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in Egypt and still held considerable powers after the conflict's end. Seeing the popular support that the Wafd Party leaders enjoyed, and fearing social unrest, the
British administration proceeded to arrest Zaghlul on 8 March 1919 and exiled him with two other party leaders to
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During the war, dissatisfaction with the British occupation spread among all classes of the population, a result of Egypt's increasing involvement in the war despite Britain's promise to shoulder the entire burden alone. This was most noticeable with the creation of the
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representative system. Egyptian independence at this stage was nominal, as British forces continued to be physically present on Egyptian soil. Moreover, Britain's recognition of Egyptian independence directly excluded Sudan, which continued to be administered as an
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During the reign of Muhammad Ali, Egypt industrialized significantly, becoming considerably more secular in the process. One result of this was the expansion of literacy to groups of women who had otherwise been isolated from ideas of secularism and political
1173:, known as the Milner Commission, to Egypt in December 1919, to determine the causes of the disorder, and to make a recommendation about the political future of the country. The commission was concluded in May 1920 after facing a large number of protestors.
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and women, and by spanning the religious divide between Muslim and Christian Egyptians. The uprising in the Egyptian countryside was more violent, involving attacks on British military installations, civilian facilities, and personnel. The
1142:, a British imperial formation stationed in the region, engaged in mass repression to restore order. The initial response to the revolution was by the Egyptian police force in Cairo, although control was handed off to Major-General
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powers: the security of the communications of the British Empire in Egypt; defending Egypt against foreign aggression; and protecting foreign interests in Egypt and the Sudan. This caused public support in the new "independent"
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The revolution was successfully countered by British forces. However, Britain's High Commissioner for Egypt nevertheless felt negotiations were needed to quell the crisis. Ultimately, the United Kingdom would grant subsequent
78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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enjoyed massive support among the Egyptian people. Wafdist emissaries went into towns and villages to collect signatures authorizing the movement's leaders to petition for the complete independence of the country.
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Zaghlul's side. British authorities would offer him the position of Egyptian Sultan with the caveat of British oversight and he resoundingly rejected it. Because of this the British again exiled him, this time to
1320:. However following the creation of the new constitution, British authorities allowed for the release of Saad Zaghlul from exile. He would return on September 17, 1923 and go on to be elected
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The revolution flag of Egypt from 1919. It bears a crescent and cross to demonstrate that both Muslims and Christians supported the Egyptian nationalist movement against British occupation.
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albeit with limited political power. Due to the outbreak of the war, the assembly would be disregarded. Many Egyptians were also frustrated with the rule of
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Berridge, W.J. (2011). "Object Lessons in Violence: The Rationalities and Irrationalities of Urban Struggle During the Egyptian Revolution of 1919".
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would successfully manage to quell the revolution. However, Allenby, who would succeed Wingate as High Commissioner for Egypt, favored negotiations.
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of Egyptian independence on 28 February 1922. After this Fuad I declared his own declaration of Egyptian independence and established himself as
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to believe that it was a temporary arrangement that would be changed after the end of the war through bilateral agreement with the British.
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Meanwhile, a mass movement for the full independence of Egypt and Sudan was being organised at a grassroots level, using the tactics of
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in 1803–1807 which saw Ottoman influence largely severed. Ottoman influence continued to be nominal at best after the 1882
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Journal of Modern European History / Zeitschrift fĂŒr moderne europĂ€ische Geschichte / Revue d'histoire europĂ©enne contemporaine
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Tyquin, Michael. Keeping the Peace â Egypt 1919, Journal of the Royal United Services Institute, Vol. 61, No. 4, December 2010.
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Ramdani, Nabila (2013). "Women In The 1919 Egyptian Revolution: From Feminist Awakening To Nationalist Political Activism".
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Egyptian Muslims were completely ignored by Western companies in Egypt, who often disregarded requests of leave for the
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protest but rather in shortsighted rioting and looting. This claim is not widely accepted by most modern scholars.
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to end the British Protectorate in Egypt and Sudan, and gain Egyptian representation at the planned
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remained the official ruler of the country, but ultimate power was exercised by the British
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and the subsequent British occupation and influence on the region. From 1883 to 1914, the
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1879:, Volume 1, Albert P. Blaustein, et al., editors (Oceana Publications, 1977). pp. 204â205.
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Egyptian Labor Corps: Logistical Laborers in World War I and the 1919 Egyptian Revolution
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sent 250,000 rifles to Egyptian nationalists, as part of the Regencies project of the
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1779:"Violence in Defence of Empire: The British Army and the 1919 Egyptian Revolution"
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which lasted from November 1918 to July 1919. Occurring right after the end of
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1461:. University of California Current History (1920) 11_Part-2 (3). 1 March 1920
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to the occupation, and was directly sparked by the British-ordered exile of
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Milner Mission conducted which eventually recommends Egyptian independence.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1966:
1928:
Ordinary Egyptians: Creating the Modern Nation through Popular Culture
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Since the beginning of the war, the British authorities had declared
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being harnessed to the British war effort. On 14 December 1914, the
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The Revolution of 1919, National History of Egypt from 1914 to 1921
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to undertake the Milner Mission, which would lead to a unilateral
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and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
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from the Egyptian treasury to support the British war efforts.
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Liberal Nationalism in Egypt: Rise and Fall of the Wafd Party
1945:
Goldberg, Ellis (May 1992). "Peasants in RevoltâEgypt 1919".
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The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World
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1071:"), Egyptian political classes prepared for self-government.
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2020:
Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs
2018:
Valentine, Chirol (March 1922). "The Egyptian Question".
1921:. Cambridge Histories Online: Cambridge University Press.
1493:"After the First World War: the 1919 Egyptian Revolution"
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Egyptian and British soldiers on standby during the riots
1094:, a delegation of Egyptian nationalist activists led by
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Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective
2051:(4th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
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71:
1992:"800 natives dead in Egypt's rising; 1,600 wounded"
1893:. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 178.
1851:The Forbidden Book: Secrets of the 1919 Revolution
1254:Egyptian women demonstrating during the revolution
990:and implemented several policies which led to the
4591:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000âpresent)
1230:Protesters during the Egyptian revolution of 1919
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1440:Australian War Memorial â Egyptian Uprising 1919
1063:promises during the war (such as U.S. President
4744:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017âpresent)
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194:Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence
1204:of Egyptian independence on 28 February 1922.
96:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
49:expand this article with text translated from
4054:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
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2277:
2220:Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013âpresent)
2080:
1617:Journal of Colonialism & Colonial History
832:
1947:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1755:
1473:
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1165:The British government under Prime Minister
986:, the British authorities in Egypt declared
915:. These factors that would continue to sour
3907:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1406:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
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1707:. Cambridge University Press. p. 67.
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1981:
1023:who had in 1917 ascended to the title of
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4790:IsraelâHezbollah conflict (2023âpresent)
2008:
1944:
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1614:
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1575:Journal of International Women's Studies
1027:following the death of his predecessor,
4463:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
2103:Major revolts and riots in modern Egypt
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1572:
1514:Desplat, Dr. Juliette (17 March 2022).
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867:) was a nation-wide revolution in the
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1731:A Modern History of the Islamic World
1610:
1608:
1053:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
951:of Egypt and Sudan under the Ottoman
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1853:(in Arabic). Today News Corporation.
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1098:made a request to High Commissioner
1086:on 11 November was concluded on the
998:was elevated to a separate level of
897:recognition of Egyptian independence
31:
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1877:Independence Documents of the World
1548:1919 The People of Egypt Revolution
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24:
4700:Insurgency in Egypt (2013âpresent)
4125:1936â1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
1910:
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1839:
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25:
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4537:1987 Sharjawi coup d'Ă©tat attempt
3231:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
1919:The British Occupation, 1882â1922
1585:
919:in the decades leading up to the
905:new Egyptian constitution in 1923
891:and several other party members.
4575:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
3859:
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3088:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
2291:
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2009:Quraishi, Zaheer Masood (1967).
1986:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
1491:Slight, John (18 January 2019).
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4864:History of Egypt (1900âpresent)
4757:Yemeni civil war (2014âpresent)
4726:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
4480:1979â1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
3572:Identification card controversy
2200:Sinai insurgency (2011âpresent)
2132:1945 anti-Jewish riots in Egypt
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1459:"Egypt and the Milner Mission"
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1287:The revolts eventually forced
917:EgyptâUnited Kingdom relations
903:, and the implementation of a
154:Demonstration in Egypt in 1919
106:You may also add the template
13:
1:
4527:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
4168:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
2786:
2157:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
1930:. Stanford University Press.
1795:10.17104/1611-8944-2015-2-249
1601:(in Arabic). Knowledge House.
1563:Vatikitotis 1992, pp. 240â243
1307:The Wafd Party drafted a new
941:rise to power of Muhammad Ali
935:had nominal sovereignty over
926:
366:29 British servicemen killed
27:1918â1919 revolution in Egypt
4731:Iraqi insurgency (2011â2013)
4718:Turkish involvement in Syria
4602:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
4433:Political violence in Turkey
4367:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
4274:YemeniâAdenese clan violence
4153:Italian bombing of Palestine
4115:1935â1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
4064:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
3105:Twin towns and sister cities
2945:
2617:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
2172:2008 Egyptian general strike
2147:Corrective Revolution (1971)
1304:to remain considerably low.
1271:
1177:report to Lloyd George, the
1140:Egyptian Expeditionary Force
1002:, and declared as a British
370:31 European civilians killed
166:November 1918 â July 23 1919
7:
4834:Egyptian revolution of 1919
3983:Turkish War of Independence
3967:Unification of Saudi Arabia
3633:Vehicle registration plates
3311:
3287:Water supply and sanitation
3122:
2305:
2236:2017 Warraq Island protests
2205:2012â2013 Egyptian protests
2195:2011 Maspero demonstrations
2182:Egyptian Crisis (2011â2014)
2049:The History of Modern Egypt
1411:1935â1936 protests in Egypt
1376:Egyptian revolution of 1952
1339:
1334:Egyptian revolution of 1952
1117:. By then, Zaghlul and the
921:Egyptian revolution of 1952
853:Egyptian revolution of 1919
135:Egyptian revolution of 1919
108:{{Translated|ar|Ű«Ù۱۩ 1919}}
18:Egyptian revolution of 1919
10:
4895:
4648:IranâIsrael proxy conflict
4642:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
4631:Balochi insurgency in Iran
4607:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
4443:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
4438:Islamist uprising in Syria
4416:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
4305:Cyprus crisis of 1963â1964
4191:Kurdish separatism in Iran
4110:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
3292:Water resources management
2047:Vatikiotis, P. J. (1992).
2013:. Kitab Mahal Private LTD.
1777:Kitchen, James E. (2015).
1734:. I.B.Tauris. p. 54.
1728:Schulze, Reinhard (2002).
1318:Anglo-Egyptian condominium
1278:Italian Regency of Carnaro
200:1923 Constitution of Egypt
70:Machine translation, like
4806:
4769:
4674:
4615:
4555:
4488:
4406:Black September in Jordan
4398:
4297:
4241:
4138:
4082:
4036:
3913:
3825:
3651:
3323:
3319:
3306:
3187:Impact on the environment
3177:Entrepreneurship policies
3130:
3117:
2953:
2940:
2794:
2781:
2749:
2651:
2317:
2313:
2300:
2228:
2210:2013 Egyptian coup d'Ă©tat
2180:
2152:1977 Egyptian bread riots
2109:
1982:Jankowski, James (2000).
1959:10.1017/S0020743800021565
1701:Gerges, Fawaz A. (2013).
1074:
1013:
570:Roman and Byzantine Egypt
374:
365:
360:
329:
227:
158:
147:
139:
134:
51:the corresponding article
4849:20th-century revolutions
4508:KurdishâTurkish conflict
4503:1980 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat
4322:Second IraqiâKurdish War
4254:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
4249:1952 Egyptian revolution
3977:1919 Egyptian revolution
3960:Mount Lebanon starvation
2958:Administrative divisions
2634:2011 Egyptian revolution
2575:1952 Egyptian revolution
2371:Lighthouse of Alexandria
2190:2011 Egyptian revolution
2142:1952 Egyptian revolution
2122:1919 Egyptian revolution
2117:Urabi revolt (1879â1882)
2110:Major events before 2010
1903:Vatikitotis 1992, p. 264
1889:Ledeen, Michael (1977).
1691:Vatikitotis 1992, p. 267
1664:Vatikitotis 1992, p. 246
1597:Al-Rafei, Abdul (1987).
1426:
1381:2011 Egyptian revolution
142:revolutions of 1917â1923
4737:War in Iraq (2013â2017)
4585:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
4580:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
4390:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
4317:First IraqiâKurdish War
4158:Allied invasion of Iraq
4105:SaudiâYemeni War (1934)
4028:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
3162:Egyptian stock exchange
2060:. Blackwell Publishing.
2056:Zunes, Stephen (1999).
1650:Anderson, Kyle (2017).
1518:. U.K. National Archive
1386:History of modern Egypt
1322:Prime Minister of Egypt
515:3rd Intermediate Period
495:2nd Intermediate Period
475:1st Intermediate Period
117:For more guidance, see
4869:Nonviolent revolutions
4682:2011 Bahraini uprising
4666:South Yemen insurgency
4547:Abu Nidal's executions
4532:1986 Damascus bombings
4311:IraqiâKurdish conflict
4163:SyriaâLebanon campaign
3933:Middle Eastern theatre
3493:International rankings
2498:EgyptianâEthiopian War
2251:2020 Egyptian protests
2241:2019 Egyptian protests
1984:Egypt: A Short History
1863:Daly 1998, pp. 249â250
1849:Amin, Mustafa (1991).
1764:Jankowski 2000, p. 112
1421:2000 uprising in Egypt
1416:1968 protests in Egypt
1330:Free Officers movement
1154:Forces led by General
978:broke out between the
330:Commanders and leaders
198:Implementation of the
4522:South Yemen civil war
4421:Shatt al-Arab clashes
4346:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
4335:North Yemen civil war
4284:1958 Iraqi revolution
4211:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
4205:ArabâIsraeli conflict
4074:Sheikh Said rebellion
3938:Battle of Robat Karim
3098:Terrorism and tourism
2556:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
2388:Library of Alexandria
2162:2000 Kosheh lynchings
1682:Quraishi 1967, p. 213
1629:10.1353/cch.2011.0025
1171:commission of inquiry
1049:Egyptian Labour Corps
1008:Egyptian nationalists
881:Egyptian nationalists
455:Early Dynastic Period
361:Casualties and losses
204:Establishment of the
119:Knowledge:Translation
90:copyright attribution
4879:Revolutions in Egypt
4859:Egyptian nationalism
4661:FatahâHamas conflict
4597:Operation Desert Fox
4570:1991 Iraqi uprisings
4564:Gulf War (1990â1991)
4475:Grand Mosque seizure
4453:Yemenite War of 1979
4411:Yemenite War of 1972
4351:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
4341:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
4095:Ahmed Barzani revolt
4006:TurkishâArmenian War
3809:World Heritage Sites
3628:Units of measurement
3083:Proposed new capital
2829:Environmental issues
2590:United Arab Republic
2483:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2167:2005 Alexandria riot
1926:Fahmy, Ziad (2011).
1917:Daly, M. W. (1988).
1396:Egyptian nationalism
1309:constitution in 1923
725:Muhammad Ali dynasty
317:Egyptian protesters
277:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
187:Revolution quelled.
4809:This list includes
4777:2021 Beirut clashes
4637:2004 Qamishli riots
4514:TurkeyâPKK conflict
4470:1979 Qatif Uprising
4289:1959 Mosul uprising
4279:1958 Lebanon crisis
4226:1973 Yom Kippur War
4197:Iran crisis of 1946
4185:Al-Wathbah uprising
4175:1943 Barzani revolt
4069:Great Syrian Revolt
4049:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
3972:Simko Shikak revolt
3481:Freedom of religion
3376:Mass sexual assault
2741:Timekeeping devices
2639:2013 Rabaa massacre
2612:EgyptianâLibyan War
2127:Helwan riots (1945)
1391:Mustafa Kamil Pasha
1328:culminating in the
1276:In March 1920, the
1196:The revolts forced
560:Ptolemaic dynasties
4458:Iranian Revolution
4427:Lebanese Civil War
4373:1948 Palestine war
4120:1935 Yazidi revolt
4011:Franco-Turkish War
3671:Art (contemporary)
3351:Capital punishment
3241:Telecommunications
2918:Towns and villages
2886:Qattara Depression
2699:Muslim Brotherhood
2669:Cigarette industry
2529:British occupation
2440:Crusader invasions
2410:Rashidun Caliphate
1997:The New York Times
1833:The New York Times
1673:Daly 1998, p. 2407
1401:Black Hand (Egypt)
1217:Saad Zaghlul Pasha
1167:David Lloyd George
1115:civil disobedience
1079:Shortly after the
1000:Sultanate of Egypt
996:Khedivate of Egypt
965:self-determination
945:Anglo-Egyptian War
909:British government
873:British occupation
869:Sultanate of Egypt
772:Sultanate of Egypt
762:British occupation
735:Khedivate of Egypt
607:Rashidun caliphate
428:Predynastic Period
258:Sultanate of Egypt
176:Sultanate of Egypt
98:interlanguage link
4874:Protests in Egypt
4854:Conflicts in 1919
4821:
4820:
4044:Franco-Syrian War
4001:Greco-Turkish War
3989:Anglo-Turkish War
3955:Assyrian genocide
3950:Armenian genocide
3921:Italo-Turkish War
3873:
3872:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3745:Football stadiums
3676:Botanical gardens
3555:Catholic dioceses
3447:Gender inequality
3371:Human trafficking
3302:
3301:
3236:Tallest buildings
3197:Military industry
3113:
3112:
3054:Political parties
3007:Islamic extremism
2995:Foreign relations
2936:
2935:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2517:French occupation
2435:Fatimid Caliphate
2430:Ikhshidid dynasty
2259:
2258:
2137:Cairo fire (1952)
1495:. Open University
972:Caucasus campaign
849:
848:
800:
799:
753:Late Modern Egypt
743:
742:
715:French occupation
685:
684:
647:Ikhshidid dynasty
617:Umayyad caliphate
588:
587:
542:Greco-Roman Egypt
533:
532:
436:
435:
419:Prehistoric Egypt
381:
380:
223:
222:
130:
129:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
4886:
4783:IsraelâHamas war
4710:Syrian civil war
4693:Sinai insurgency
4654:2006 Lebanon War
4329:Dhofar Rebellion
4264:Cyprus Emergency
4259:Jebel Akhdar War
4231:1982 Lebanon War
4221:1967 Six-Day War
4130:Dersim rebellion
4090:Ararat rebellion
3994:Al-Jazeera Front
3900:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3863:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3638:Waste management
3403:Academic grading
3321:
3320:
3308:
3307:
3280:Railway stations
3258:Cultural tourism
3157:Economic regions
3119:
3118:
2942:
2941:
2783:
2782:
2452:Mamluk Sultanate
2383:Diocese of Egypt
2366:Battle of Actium
2315:
2314:
2302:
2301:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2014:
2005:
2002:Associated Press
1987:
1978:
1941:
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1349:
1302:Kingdom of Egypt
1263:
1251:
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1227:
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1104:peace conference
1100:Reginald Wingate
992:Egyptian economy
901:Kingdom of Egypt
862:
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815:Egypt portal
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782:Kingdom of Egypt
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4687:Egyptian Crisis
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4383:Second Intifada
4293:
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4100:Simele massacre
4078:
4059:Adwan Rebellion
4032:
3909:
3904:
3874:
3869:
3813:
3804:Public holidays
3794:National anthem
3647:
3560:Coptic Churches
3503:Egyptian Arabic
3413:Medical schools
3315:
3298:
3214:Nuclear program
3126:
3109:
3039:Nationality law
3032:Supreme Council
3017:Law enforcement
2949:
2932:
2908:Sinai Peninsula
2891:Red Sea Riviera
2790:
2769:
2745:
2647:
2534:1919 revolution
2522:Revolt of Cairo
2447:Ayyubid dynasty
2425:Tulunid dynasty
2309:
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2105:
2095:
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2032:10.2307/3014631
2004:. 25 July 1919.
1990:
1938:
1913:
1911:Further reading
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1368:Politics portal
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1282:League of Fiume
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1243:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1214:
1081:First World War
1077:
1069:Fourteen Points
1029:Hussein Kamel I
1025:Sultan of Egypt
1016:
929:
899:in 1922 as the
845:
809:
807:
802:
801:
755:
745:
744:
698:
687:
686:
667:Ayyubid dynasty
657:Fatimid dynasty
637:Tulunid dynasty
627:Abbasid dynasty
600:
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58:(February 2017)
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4797:Red Sea crisis
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4378:First Intifada
4375:
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4361:1964 Hama riot
4358:
4356:Aden Emergency
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2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Yom Kippur War
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2015:
2006:
1988:
1979:
1953:(2): 261â280.
1942:
1937:978-0804772129
1936:
1923:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1891:The First Duce
1881:
1865:
1856:
1838:
1824:
1789:(2): 249â267.
1766:
1754:
1740:
1720:
1713:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1642:
1604:
1584:
1565:
1553:
1538:
1529:
1506:
1472:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1357:
1341:
1338:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1076:
1073:
1065:Woodrow Wilson
1041:pound sterling
1015:
1012:
984:Ottoman Empire
980:Russian Empire
957:Consul-General
933:Ottoman Empire
928:
925:
847:
846:
844:
843:
836:
829:
821:
818:
817:
804:
803:
798:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
756:
751:
750:
747:
746:
741:
740:
737:
731:
730:
727:
721:
720:
717:
711:
710:
707:
699:
693:
692:
689:
688:
683:
682:
679:
677:Mamluk dynasty
673:
672:
669:
663:
662:
659:
653:
652:
649:
643:
642:
639:
633:
632:
629:
623:
622:
619:
613:
612:
609:
601:
598:Medieval Egypt
596:
595:
592:
591:
586:
585:
582:
580:Sasanian Egypt
576:
575:
572:
566:
565:
562:
556:
555:
552:
550:Argead dynasty
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
511:
510:
507:
501:
500:
497:
491:
490:
487:
485:Middle Kingdom
481:
480:
477:
471:
470:
467:
461:
460:
457:
449:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
433:
430:
422:
417:
416:
413:
412:
404:
403:
394:
393:
386:
379:
378:
372:
371:
363:
362:
358:
357:
345:
332:
331:
327:
326:
325:
324:
307:
306:
305:
292:
279:
260:
230:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
211:
210:
209:
208:
202:
196:
184:
180:
179:
174:
172:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
145:
144:
137:
136:
128:
127:
123:
122:
115:
104:
82:
79:
68:
65:
46:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4891:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4844:1919 in Egypt
4842:
4840:
4839:1918 in Egypt
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4814:
4812:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:Yemeni crisis
4748:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4497:IranâIraq War
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:NDF Rebellion
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:Alwaziri coup
4178:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4021:United States
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3896:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3866:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:Art (ancient)
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:Blasphemy law
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3513:Sign Language
3511:
3509:
3508:SaÊœidi Arabic
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3145:National Bank
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:Ottoman Egypt
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1900:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1860:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1743:
1741:9781860648229
1737:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1714:9781107470576
1710:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1517:
1510:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
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3550:Christianity
3530:Prostitution
3476:Human rights
3435:Abaza family
3423:Universities
3388:Demographics
3341:Billionaires
2985:Constitution
2980:Conscription
2963:Governorates
2844:Halfaya Pass
2714:1954âpresent
2674:Constitution
2629:2010s Crisis
2541:World War II
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2503:Urabi revolt
2420:Islamization
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1354:Egypt portal
1326:
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930:
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850:
796:1953âpresent
695:Early modern
574:30 BCâ641 AD
509:1550â1069 BC
499:1650â1550 BC
489:2055â1650 BC
479:2181â2055 BC
469:2686â2181 BC
459:3150â2686 BC
432:6000â3000 BC
309:
233:
228:Belligerents
186:
140:Part of the
94:edit summary
85:
56:
48:
29:
4811:World War I
4269:Suez Crisis
4216:Suez Crisis
3945:Arab Revolt
3927:World War I
3855:WikiProject
3616:Scientology
3486:LGBT rights
3408:Law schools
3192:Lighthouses
3135:Agriculture
2864:Mount Sinai
2824:Earthquakes
2624:Mubarak era
2595:Six-Day War
2585:Suez Crisis
2580:Land reform
2327:Prehistoric
1581:(2): 39â52.
1311:based on a
1293:declaration
1291:to issue a
1202:declaration
1127:martial law
988:martial law
976:World War I
877:World War I
865:Thawra 1919
525:Late Period
519:1069â664 BC
505:New Kingdom
465:Old Kingdom
398:History of
375:800 killed
303:New Zealand
214:Territorial
4828:Categories
3767:Newspapers
3757:Mass media
3609:Synagogues
3577:Irreligion
3525:Literature
3520:Liberalism
3459:Healthcare
3361:Corruption
3044:Parliament
2975:Corruption
2970:Civil Code
2913:Suez Canal
2871:Nile Delta
2756:Alexandria
2726:Population
2721:Parliament
2689:Healthcare
2570:Nasser era
2344:Achaemenid
2319:Chronology
1119:Wafd Party
927:Background
913:Suez Canal
885:Wafd Party
554:332â310 BC
529:664â332 BC
322:Wafd Party
3762:Magazines
3752:Egyptians
3587:Ahmadiyya
3498:Languages
3464:Hospitals
3398:Education
3265:Transport
3224:Aswan Dam
3152:Companies
3093:Terrorism
3059:President
3022:Massacres
3012:Judiciary
2990:Elections
2859:Mountains
2788:Geography
2766:Port Said
2709:1939â1954
2704:1928â1938
2659:Anarchism
2602:Sadat era
2546:Sultanate
2493:Khedivate
2393:Christian
2361:Ptolemaic
1975:161444414
1819:159888450
1803:1611-8944
1637:144813425
1324:in 1924.
1272:Aftermath
1181:and King
1169:, sent a
1084:armistice
970:When the
861:Ű«Ù۱۩ 1919
786:1922â1953
776:1914â1922
766:1882â1922
739:1867â1914
729:1805â1953
719:1798â1801
709:1517â1867
681:1250â1517
671:1171â1250
564:310â30 BC
290:Australia
112:talk page
53:in Arabic
4624:Iraq War
3835:Category
3799:Olympics
3735:Football
3567:Hinduism
3535:Religion
3442:Feminism
3430:Families
3393:Diaspora
3356:Censuses
3346:Cannabis
3331:Abortion
3275:Airports
3270:Airlines
3246:Internet
3049:Passport
3027:Military
3000:Missions
2947:Politics
2928:Wildlife
2652:By topic
2565:Republic
2400:Sassanid
1811:26266181
1340:See also
1183:George V
982:and the
871:against
792:Republic
661:969â1171
389:a series
387:Part of
171:Location
88:provide
4016:Revolts
3865:Commons
3784:Museums
3728:regions
3696:Cuisine
3681:Castles
3653:Culture
3623:Smoking
3604:Judaism
3592:Mosques
3471:Housing
3418:Schools
3324:General
3313:Society
3253:Tourism
3182:Fishing
3140:Banking
3124:Economy
2849:Islands
2839:Geology
2834:Fossils
2819:Deserts
2814:Climate
2804:Borders
2750:By city
2736:Saladin
2684:Genetic
2664:Capital
2551:Kingdom
2466:Ottoman
2332:Ancient
2307:History
2040:3014631
1747:7 March
1179:Cabinet
1160:Allenby
949:Khedive
887:leader
651:935â969
641:868â905
631:750â935
621:661â750
611:641â661
584:619â629
244:Britain
216:changes
110:to the
92:in the
55:.
3845:Portal
3686:Cinema
3540:BahĂĄÊŒĂ
3454:Health
3202:Mining
3172:Energy
2896:Rivers
2809:Cities
2731:Postal
2512:Modern
2457:Mamluk
2415:Fustat
2405:Muslim
2337:topics
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1836:. 1919
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1499:2 June
1465:2 June
1289:London
1198:London
1191:Ceylon
1156:Bulfin
1092:Europe
1075:Events
1061:Allied
1021:Fuad I
1014:Causes
953:Sultan
907:. The
857:Arabic
391:on the
300:
287:
241:
183:Result
4770:2020s
4675:2010s
4616:2000s
4556:1990s
4489:1980s
4399:1970s
4298:1960s
4242:1950s
4139:1940s
4083:1930s
4037:1920s
3914:1910s
3789:Music
3772:Radio
3713:Films
3643:Women
3597:NiqÄb
3582:Islam
3366:Crime
3207:Mines
2923:Wadis
2881:Oases
2854:Lakes
2799:Biota
2761:Cairo
2679:Copts
2488:Nahda
2378:Roman
2293:Egypt
2036:JSTOR
1971:S2CID
1963:JSTOR
1815:S2CID
1807:JSTOR
1633:S2CID
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1427:Notes
1132:Malta
1108:Paris
697:Egypt
400:Egypt
377:1,600
219:Egypt
72:DeepL
3723:list
3718:Flag
3706:Wine
3701:Beer
3381:Rape
3076:list
3064:list
2901:Nile
2694:Jews
1932:ISBN
1799:ISSN
1749:2015
1736:ISBN
1709:ISBN
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