129:
371:
32:
531:
553:(1441–1501), both of whom offered strong arguments for the poetic status of the Turkic languages as against the much-venerated Persian. Partly as a result of such arguments, Divan poetry in its strongest period—from the 16th to the 18th centuries—came to display a unique balance of Persian and Turkish elements, until the Persian influence began to predominate again in the early 19th century.
541:
As for the development of Divan poetry over the more than 500 years of its existence, that is—as the
Ottomanist Walter G. Andrews points out—a study still in its infancy; clearly defined movements and periods have not yet been decided upon. Early in the history of the tradition, the Persian influence
861:
In
Mesopotamia Fuzuli was in intimate contact with three cultures – Turkic, Arabic, and Persian. Besides his native Azeri, he learned Arabic and Persian at an early age and acquired a through command of the literatures in all three languages, an accomplishment in which the cosmopolitan literary and
470:. One of the primary characteristics of Divan poetry, however—as of the Persian poetry before it—was its mingling of the mystical Sufi element with a profane and even erotic element. Thus, the pairing of "the nightingale" and "the rose" simultaneously suggests two different relationships:
561:
3014:
Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
522:). The world, as a result, is seen as having both positive aspects (it is a rosegarden, and thus analogous to the garden of Paradise) and negative aspects (it is a rosegarden full of thorns, and thus different from the garden of Paradise).
493:
Divan poetry was composed through the constant juxtaposition of many such images within a strict metrical framework, thus allowing numerous potential meanings to emerge. A brief example is the following line of verse, or
485:
Similarly, "the world" refers simultaneously to the physical world and to this physical world considered as the abode of sorrow and impermanence, while "the rosegarden" refers simultaneously to a literal garden and to
556:
Despite the lack of certainty regarding the stylistic movements and periods of Divan poetry, however, certain highly different styles are clear enough, and can perhaps be seen as exemplified by certain poets:
490:. "The nightingale", or suffering lover, is often seen as situated—both literally and figuratively—in "the world", while "the rose", or beloved, is seen as being in "the rosegarden".
576:(1483?–1556); a unique poet who wrote with equal skill in Azeri Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, and who came to be as influential in Persian as in Divan poetry
518:
Here, the nightingale is only implied (as being the poet/lover), while the rose, or beloved, is shown to be capable of inflicting pain with its thorns (خار
337:
was used in titles of poetic works in French, beginning in 1697, but was a rare and didactic usage, though one that was revived by its famous appearance in
2523:
141:
968:
683:
715:
1021:
940:
466:
As the opposition of "the ascetic" and "the darvish" suggests, Divan poetry—much like
Turkish folk poetry—was heavily influenced by
347:(Poems of West and East), a work published in 1819 that reflected the poet's abiding interest in Middle Eastern and specifically
623:
of
Ottoman history, who infused the rather élite and abstruse language of Divan poetry with numerous simpler, populist elements
405:)—were more or less prescribed. Examples of prevalent symbols that, to some extent, oppose one another include, among others:
873:
96:
68:
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128:
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725:
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267:(دیوان), which is loaned from Persian, and designated a list or register. The Persian word derived from the Persian
75:
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1404:
1016:
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610:
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2416:
49:
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the relationship between the individual Sufi practitioner (who is often characterized in Sufism as a lover) and
2056:
1567:
1076:
582:(1526–1600); a poet of great rhetorical power and linguistic subtlety whose skill in using the pre-established
53:
82:
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2164:
3079:
3049:
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1867:
1346:
954:
64:
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The age of beloveds : love and the beloved in early-modern
Ottoman and European culture and society
542:
was very strong, but this was mitigated somewhat through the influence of poets such as the
Azerbaijani
343:
2139:
1945:
857:
The Modern
Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet Literature (including Non-Russian and Emigre literatures)
338:
474:
the relationship between the fervent lover ("the nightingale") and the inconstant beloved ("the rose")
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1096:
1040:
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2612:
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whose work is considered the culmination of the highly complex so-called "Indian style" (سبك هندى
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Originating in
Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab and Turkish worlds, and
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art form. From the
Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of
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16:
Collection of poems of one author, usually excluding his or her long poems (mathnawī)
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609:(1642–1712); a poet who wrote a number of socially oriented poems critical of the
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Ottoman garden party, with poet, guest, and winebearer; from the 16th-century
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600:), as well as being known for his harshly satirical poems, which led to his
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of the Divan tradition is quite representative of the poetry in the time of
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s (which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition), or
211:
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The English usage of the phrase "diwan poetry" comes from the Arabic word
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2543:
2233:
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Divan – Full Text – Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism
393:
whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير
1676:
1202:
1011:
946:
663:
597:
579:
487:
374:
Rose and nightingale on the binding of a Divan of Hafiz (Iran, 1842)
326:
and so on. The first use of the term in this sense is attributed to
31:
1761:
1468:
1241:
1198:
354:
This word has also been applied in a similar way to collections of
284:
226:
s. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the
616:
2274:
1490:
1414:
1356:
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1921:
1701:
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651:
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diwan are also a collection of poems, but here they are mainly
390:
386:
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327:
296:
215:
200:
164:
1953:
1686:
1384:
478:
311:
came to mean a collection of poems by a single author, as in
830:
Andrews, Walter G.; Black, Najaat; Kalpaklı, Mehmet (2011).
3016:
1735:
1632:
499:
418:
300:
481:(who is considered the ultimate source and object of love)
859:. Vol. 8. Academic International Press. p. 76.
560:
514:("Does any rose, in this rosegarden world, lack thorns?")
592:
Nef‘î (1570?–1635); a poet considered the master of the
203:
by one author, usually excluding his or her long poems (
238:; the two most notable examples of this form are the
862:
scholarly circles of Hilla played an important role.
829:
307:. In Persian, Turkish and other languages the term
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
855:Rollberg, Peter (1987). Harry Butler Weber (ed.).
834:. University of Washington Press. pp. 22–23.
782:
147:, one of the most famous Persian diwan collections
714:Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006-01-01).
3036:
1017:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
789:(2nd ed.). Durham: Duke University Press.
780:
739:
737:
897:"Bolbol "nightingale" – In Persian Literature"
769:Dictionnaire historique de la langue française
248:(حسن و عشق; "Beauty and Love") of Şeyh Gâlib.
962:
781:Andrews, Walter G.; Kalpaklı, Mehmet (2005).
713:
734:
315:, or the whole body of work of a poet. Thus
140:, his illustrator, from a manuscript of the
867:
1022:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
969:
955:
813:Akçağ Yayınları, Kızılay, Ankara, p. 425,
619:(1681?–1730); a revolutionary poet of the
3023:and one of the two official languages of
771:, new ed. (Robert, 1995), vol. 1, p. 617.
717:Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index
510:Bir gül mü var bu gülşen-i ‘âlemde hârsız
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
854:
811:Divân Şiiri Antolojisi: Dîvânü'd-Devâvîn
559:
529:
369:
127:
894:
3037:
976:
626:Şeyh Gâlib (1757–1799); a poet of the
210:The vast majority of Diwan poetry was
1983:
1154:
1038:
988:
950:
932:Many examples of Ottoman Divan poetry
763:
761:
743:
909:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
564:Fuzûlî (1483?–1556), Divan poet of
192:
180:
13:
888:
832:Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology
758:
14:
3091:
1057:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
925:
641:
506:بر گل مى وار بو گلشن ﻋالمدﻪ خارسز
244:(ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the
1984:
30:
2986:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
2417:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
679:Poetic meter of Ottoman Turkish
41:needs additional citations for
2057:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
1077:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
848:
823:
803:
774:
707:
525:
1:
2165:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
1405:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
1155:
700:
498:(مصراع), by the 18th-century
875:A History of Urdu literature
365:
258:
7:
1868:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
895:Clinton, Jerome W. (1989).
744:Blois, François de (2011).
657:
439:) – the rosegarden (ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن
10:
3096:
1946:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
1039:
18:
3012:
2968:
2922:
2828:
2654:
2572:
2463:
2354:
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2318:
2262:
2216:
2200:
2170:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
2007:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1914:
1879:
1810:
1778:
1713:
1706:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
1669:
1542:
1423:
1273:
1181:
1165:
1161:
1150:
1097:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
1047:
1034:
997:
984:
2585:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
1628:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
1451:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
1347:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
1007:Old Persian inscriptions
720:. Taylor & Francis.
588:Süleyman the Magnificent
502:and poet Hayatî Efendi:
3070:Early modern literature
2935:Houshang Moradi Kermani
2539:Houshang Moradi Kermani
2534:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
2519:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
2430:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
1930:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
1904:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
989:
910:Diba, Layla S. (2001).
674:Early Modern literature
401:) and opposition (تضاد
2387:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
1938:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
1559:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
1302:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
878:by T. Grahame Bailey;
809:Pala, İskender (1995)
690:Mathnawi (poetic form)
569:
538:
488:the garden of Paradise
375:
234:and thus a variety of
148:
2923:Children's literature
2780:Rasoul Mollagholipour
2670:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
2613:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2608:Alireza Koushk Jalali
2554:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2440:Shahriyar Mandanipour
1682:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
1526:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
1367:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
1138:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
1121:Anthology of Zadspram
563:
533:
373:
199:) is a collection of
131:
3075:Urdu-language poetry
2820:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
2685:Pouran Derakhshandeh
2665:Mohammad Reza Aslani
2603:Amir Reza Koohestani
2362:Ali Mohammad Afghani
2032:Mohammad Reza Aslani
1961:Mahmud Saba Kashani
1697:Fazlallah Astarabadi
1573:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1568:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
1518:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1400:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1214:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
1002:Behistun Inscription
917:Encyclopædia Iranica
902:Encyclopædia Iranica
751:Encyclopædia Iranica
379:Ottoman Divan poetry
344:West–östlicher Divan
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2745:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
2484:Abolhassan Etessami
2402:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
2254:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
2239:Khalilullah Khalili
2179:Manouchehr Sheybani
2155:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
2062:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
2019:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
1661:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
1506:Faramarz-e Khodadad
1092:Shabuhragan of Mani
934:, in Turkish, from
684:Ottoman divan poets
321:Collected works of
214:in nature: either
65:"Diwan" poetry
3080:Azerbaijani poetry
3050:Arabic anthologies
2889:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
2874:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
2844:Najaf Daryabandari
2705:Behrouz Gharibpour
2549:Shahrnush Parsipur
2524:Aboutorab Khosravi
2426:Aboutorab Khosravi
2290:Gulrukhsor Safieva
2208:Edward Haghverdian
1872:Rasa Salim Tehrani
1591:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
1578:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
1234:Abusaeid Abolkheir
1173:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1128:Zand-i Wahman yasn
1087:Dana-i Menog Khrat
1072:Book of Arda Viraf
978:Persian literature
767:Alain Rey et al.,
613:of Ottoman history
570:
546:(?–1417?) and the
539:
450:the ascetic (زاهد
376:
349:Persian literature
149:
3032:
3031:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2955:Farhad Hasanzadeh
2894:Hamid Samandarian
2835:Amrollah Abjadian
2800:Fereydoun Rahnema
2765:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
2750:Samuel Khachikian
2735:Ebrahim Hatamikia
2646:Mohammad Yaghoubi
2642:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
2509:Houshang Golshiri
2422:Houshang Golshiri
2382:Mahshid Amirshahi
2367:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
2350:
2349:
2285:Abolqasem Lahouti
2280:Iskandar Khatloni
2193:Fereydoon Moshiri
2140:Mohammad Mokhtari
2100:Forugh Farrokhzad
2052:Manouchehr Atashi
1975:
1974:
1971:
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1964:
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1934:
1926:
1907:
1896:
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1855:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
1848:
1835:
1827:
1798:
1794:Muhtasham Kashani
1790:
1766:
1758:
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1646:Nozhat al-Majales
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1600:
1587:
1583:Mahmud Shabistari
1550:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
1535:
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1436:Suzani Samarqandi
1380:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
1371:
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1331:Masud Sa'd Salman
1327:
1319:
1306:
1298:
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1209:Abu Shakur Balkhi
1146:
1145:
1082:Cube of Zoroaster
1052:Ayadgar-i Zariran
1030:
1029:
669:Arabic literature
611:stagnation period
358:and to poetry of
126:
125:
118:
100:
3087:
3055:Poetry movements
2976:Aydin Aghdashloo
2805:Rasul Sadr Ameli
2795:Kambuzia Partovi
2755:Abbas Kiarostami
2740:Abdolreza Kahani
2720:Ebrahim Golestan
2700:Farrokh Ghaffari
2695:Bahman Farmanara
2628:Abbas Nalbandian
2504:Ebrahim Golestan
2471:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
2407:Soudabeh Fazaeli
2305:Mirzo Tursunzoda
2300:Payrav Sulaymoni
2135:Shams Langeroodi
2091:Parviz Eslampour
2047:Aminollah Rezaei
2014:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
2005:
2004:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1980:
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1863:Naw'i Khabushani
1857:
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1692:Abu Ali Qalandar
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1474:Najm al-Din Razi
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1117:Dadestan-i Denig
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936:Internet Archive
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741:
732:
731:
711:
544:Imadaddin Nasimi
428:the world (جهان
241:Layla and Majnun
236:narrative poetry
194:
182:
153:Islamic cultures
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3095:
3094:
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3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3000:
2991:Ehsan Yarshater
2964:
2950:Poopak NikTalab
2918:
2909:Ahmad Tafazzoli
2824:
2815:Parviz Shahbazi
2770:Dariush Mehrjui
2730:Abolfazl Jalili
2650:
2568:
2529:Mostafa Mastoor
2494:Simin Daneshvar
2459:
2455:Iraj Pezeshkzad
2450:Mansour Koushan
2397:Simin Daneshvar
2346:
2330:
2314:
2258:
2212:
2196:
2187:She'r-e Nimaa'i
2150:Yadollah Royaee
2125:Siavash Kasraie
2105:Hossein Monzavi
2095:Parvin E'tesami
2082:Hushang Ebtehaj
2072:Simin Behbahani
2027:Qeysar Aminpour
2003:
1986:
1967:
1910:
1900:Neshat Esfahani
1875:
1831:Asir-e Esfahani
1806:
1774:
1709:
1665:
1618:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
1555:Awhadi Maraghai
1538:
1464:Falaki Shirvani
1441:Hassan Ghaznavi
1419:
1415:Mahsati Ganjavi
1375:Uthman Mukhtari
1269:
1177:
1157:
1142:
1133:Drakht-i Asurig
1043:
1026:
993:
980:
975:
928:
891:
889:Further reading
886:
885:
872:
868:
853:
849:
842:
828:
824:
808:
804:
797:
779:
775:
766:
759:
742:
735:
728:
712:
708:
703:
660:
644:
551:Ali-Shir Nava'i
528:
395:mura'ât-i nazîr
368:
261:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3093:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3065:Ottoman poetry
3062:
3060:Persian poetry
3057:
3052:
3047:
3030:
3029:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2960:Ramak NikTalab
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Hengameh Mofid
2942:
2940:Babak NikTalab
2937:
2932:
2930:Samad Behrangi
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Saleh Hosseini
2866:
2864:Ramak NikTalab
2861:
2859:Sadegh Hedayat
2856:
2851:
2849:Mohammad Ghazi
2846:
2841:
2839:Jaleh Amouzgar
2836:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Mohammad Sadri
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:Reza Mirkarimi
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2710:Bahman Ghobadi
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Asghar Farhadi
2687:
2682:
2680:Hajir Darioush
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Hengameh Mofid
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:Mohsen Yalfani
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2559:Bahram Sadeghi
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2514:Sadegh Hedayat
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Nader Ebrahimi
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Reza Amirkhani
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2342:Muhammad Iqbal
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2310:Satim Ulugzade
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Sadriddin Ayni
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2249:Massoud Nawabi
2246:
2244:Youssof Kohzad
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:Wasef Bakhtari
2226:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Sohrab Sepehri
2157:
2152:
2147:
2145:Nosrat Rahmani
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Ahmad NikTalab
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:Hormoz Alipour
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1887:Hatef Esfahani
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1834:(c. 1620–1648)
1828:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1741:Kamal Khujandi
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:Khwaju Kermani
1648:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:Nizami Ganjavi
1507:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1320:
1315:Qatran Tabrizi
1312:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Book of Jamasp
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
982:
981:
974:
973:
966:
959:
951:
945:
944:
938:
927:
926:External links
924:
923:
922:
912:"Gol O Bolbol"
907:
890:
887:
884:
883:
866:
847:
840:
822:
802:
795:
773:
757:
733:
726:
705:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
695:Divan-i-Albisa
692:
687:
681:
676:
671:
666:
659:
656:
643:
642:Urdu variation
640:
639:
638:
624:
614:
604:
590:
577:
527:
524:
516:
515:
512:
507:
483:
482:
475:
464:
463:
448:
426:
367:
364:
313:selected works
260:
257:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3092:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Arabic poetry
3043:
3042:
3040:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
2997:
2996:Ahmad Kasravi
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Ali Latifiyan
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Jafar Shahidi
2902:
2900:
2899:Jalal Sattari
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Mohammad Moin
2882:
2880:
2879:Ahmad Shamlou
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Lili Golestan
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Fereydun Gole
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2675:Bahram Beyzai
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:Saeed Aghighi
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Bahram Beyzai
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:Short stories
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Abbas Maroufi
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Ahmad Mahmoud
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Reza Ghassemi
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Reza Baraheni
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Loiq Sher-Ali
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Nadia Anjuman
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:Ahmad Shamlou
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:Hushang Irani
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:Reza Baraheni
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Kalim Kashani
1837:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1802:'Orfi Shirazi
1800:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Salman Savaji
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Badr Shirvani
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1638:Homam Tabrizi
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Pur-Baha Jami
1621:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1531:Shams Tabrizi
1529:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:Faramarz Nama
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:Ahmad Ghazali
1350:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1323:Nizam al-Mulk
1321:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1286:Nasir Khusraw
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Kisai Marvazi
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Shahid Balkhi
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:Menog-i Khrad
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
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1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
992:
987:
983:
979:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
952:
949:
942:
939:
937:
933:
930:
929:
919:
918:
913:
908:
904:
903:
898:
893:
892:
881:
877:
876:
870:
863:
858:
851:
843:
841:9780295800936
837:
833:
826:
820:
819:975-338-081-X
816:
812:
806:
798:
796:0-8223-3424-0
792:
787:
786:
777:
770:
764:
762:
753:
752:
747:
740:
738:
729:
727:9780415966917
723:
719:
718:
710:
706:
696:
693:
691:
688:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
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653:
649:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:
612:
608:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:
585:
581:
578:
575:
572:
571:
567:
562:
558:
554:
552:
549:
545:
537:
532:
523:
521:
513:
511:
508:
505:
504:
503:
501:
497:
491:
489:
480:
476:
473:
472:
471:
469:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:was a highly
380:
372:
363:
361:
357:
356:Hebrew poetry
352:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
324:
319:would be the
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
249:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:verse romance
229:
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2914:Abbas Zaryab
2790:Jafar Panahi
2760:Majid Majidi
2598:Bahman Forsi
2564:Goli Taraqqi
2489:Javad Mojabi
2479:Sadeq Chubak
2475:Shamim Bahar
2372:Bozorg Alavi
2326:Asad Gulzoda
2183:Nima Yooshij
2120:Bijan Jalali
2037:Aref Qazvini
1985:Contemporary
1922:Mirza Ghalib
1892:Azar Bigdeli
1851:Saba Kashani
1844:Hazin Lāhiji
1823:Saib Tabrizi
1786:Vahshi Bafqi
1770:Baba Faghani
1746:Ahli Shirazi
1721:Ubayd Zakani
1596:Amir Khusrau
1586:(1288–1320s)
1563:Sultan Walad
1390:Banu Goshasp
1339:Omar Khayyam
1229:Rabia Balkhi
1112:Jamasp Namag
943:, in Turkish
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2829:Translators
2785:Amir Naderi
2655:Screenplays
2638:Pari Saberi
2618:Bijan Mofid
2544:Bijan Najdi
2234:Raziq Faani
2217:Afghanistan
2130:Esmail Khoi
2087:Bijan Elahi
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1124:Warshtmansr
648:Urdu poetry
596:(a kind of
526:Development
411:nightingale
317:Diwan-e Mir
157:Middle East
136:scribe and
3039:Categories
3021:Tajikistan
2725:Ali Hatami
2633:Akbar Radi
2580:Reza Abdoh
2319:Uzbekistan
2263:Tajikistan
2115:Iraj Mirza
1459:Adib Sabir
1395:Borzu-Nama
1362:Manuchehri
1310:Asadi Tusi
1294:Al-Ghazali
1281:Bābā Tāher
1245:(980–1037)
1237:(967–1049)
1102:Bundahishn
701:References
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631:Sufi order
383:ritualized
360:al-Andalus
253:South Asia
246:Hüsn ü Aşk
169:South Asia
76:newspapers
2969:Essayists
1677:Ibn Yamin
1203:Shahnameh
1156:Classical
1012:Ganjnameh
664:Anthology
621:Tulip Era
602:execution
598:panegyric
366:Symbolism
333:The term
283:was also
259:Etymology
145:of Nizami
2335:Pakistan
2077:Dehkhoda
1762:Ismail I
1612:Golestān
1534:(d.1248)
1431:Iranshah
1242:Avicenna
1199:Ferdowsi
658:See also
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417:) – the
397:/ تناسب
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285:borrowed
271:meaning
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2201:Armenia
1491:Khaqani
1410:Mu'izzi
1357:Hujwiri
1224:Bal'ami
1062:Dēnkard
746:"DĪVĀN"
652:ghazals
628:Mevlevî
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458:(درويش
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443:; ﮔﻠﺸﻦ
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391:symbols
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1995:Poetry
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273:writer
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138:Daulat
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500:judge
496:mısra
452:zâhid
437:‘âlem
430:cihan
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335:divan
309:diwan
287:into
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265:diwan
220:gazel
212:lyric
201:poems
197:dīwān
193:ديوان
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181:دیوان
173:Diwan
97:JSTOR
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3017:Iran
2008:Iran
1736:Jami
1633:Rumi
1182:900s
1166:800s
836:ISBN
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791:ISBN
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607:Nâbî
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434:عالم
421:(ﮔل
419:rose
409:the
385:and
301:Urdu
171:, a
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991:Old
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