Didyma - Knowledge

1061:. It is like a handbook on this topic which informs you about all the different stages of constructing a temple. When something is unfinished it becomes easier to see the process of construction. This "book" begins in the quarries of Miletus at the former Latmian Gulf (today Bafa Gölü) and lead from the harbours there to the harbour of Didyma (former Panormos, today Mavisehir). From there along the road to the sanctuary and then into the sanctuary. At all these places unfinished architectural members of the temple are visible. The inner walls of the sekos remained unpolished too. That's why Lothar Haselberger could discover there the Hellenistic construction drawings. This discovery and interpretation led to some important information about the planning and the building phase of the Apollo temple. In particular, the very famous one of the draft of a column of the temple of Apollo is on the northern sekos wall. On the western wall inside the sekos the inscribed pictorial instructions of the pediment of a small temple is scratched in. Because the inscribed architectural members are similar in style to the naiskos of Apollo Haselberger and other scholars thought that it could have been the design drawings of the naiskos. But one problem persisted unsolved, because the drawn pediment is over 2 meters wider than the actual one of the naiskos of Apollo. 923:

of this late Archaic temple was a circular building erected to surround the altar for Apollo, which, according to Pausanias, was made of blood and ashes of the sacrificed animals. This circular building with the conical altar inside was used until the end of antiquity, whilst to the east and south of the temple stood a stoa for storing some of the famous donations of Apollo. The ramifications for the temple after the Ionians lost the naval battle off of the islands of Lade in 494 BC were that most of the buildings of Didyma were heavily damaged by the Persians. The planning for the new Hellenistic temple started after 334 BC. The Milesians resolved to build one of the greatest temples ever made. This goal was not really reached, but they built a temple with a unique plan. The temple of Apollo was clearly planned according to ritual requirements. Though at this present moment, the exact usage and function can only possibly be a matter of conjecture. The temple certainly attained the ambition of being one of the largest ancient temples ever built, its

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columns and its length was exactly three times longer than its width. Another difference between the naiskos of Apollo and the temple of his sister Artemis concerns the time of their construction. The ornamentation of the naiskos can stylistically be dated around 300 BC, but the ornaments of the temple of Artemis date in the 2nd century BC. Hence the date of the new temple is known, but though it seems likely that it was dedicated to Artemis there remains speculation, especially as no inscription was found on the architectural members?

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There he found the supposed sanctuary of Artemis. In 1979 Lothar Haselberger discovered scratched drawings on the walls in the courtyard of the temple of Apollo. A closer examination brought the first ancient blueprint of at least two temples (Apollo and Artemis) back to life. Under Klaus Tuchelt and Peter Schneider the Sacred Way from Miletus was investigated, especially the area outside of the sanctuary of Apollo. They found some of the stations of the procession from Miletus to Didyma.

525: 1021: 972:, while the entire door reaches a height of 14 meters. The entry route lay down either of two long constricted sloping tunnels built within the thickness of the walls and giving access to the inner court, still open to the sky but isolated from the world by the 25 meters high walls of the sekos. This was the location of the oracle spring, the laurel tree and the naiskos with the cult statue. The foundations of the naiskos are 8.24 meters wide and 14.23 meters long. This Ionic 1109:. The remains of the foundations show that the temple had the dimensions of 31,60 meters long and 11,50 meters wide. The extant limestone blocks prove that the temple of Artemis had three rooms. Parts of its superstructure came not to light in situ. After the excavations the foundations were reinterred after each campaign, so today nothing is visible of them. It is not altogether clear if the temple of Artemis was orientated to the east or to the west because its 413: 5763: 1463: 852: 34: 5773: 1222: 885: 544: 5783: 2127: 1186: 1029:

impassable threshold. The answers were delivered, as in Delphi, in classical hexameters. But at Delphi, nothing was written; at Didyma, inquiries and answers were written and some inscriptions with them were found. In Didyma a small structure, the Chresmographion featured in this process; it was situated outside the temple because according to inscriptions it was used for storing architectural members for the temple there.

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Apollo, and to no other deity worshipped in Didyma is a temple documented. Furthermore, Artemis is the twin sister of Apollo. All this leads to the conclusion that this temple designed according to Apollo's naiskos must be the one of Artemis and it stood originally on the promontory north of the temple of Apollo.

1520:, but about this age little is known. Some of these Byzantine churches either fell into disrepair or used as animal pens after the area was abandoned in the 16th century and reused by the newly settled Greeks at the end of the 18th century when the quarrying of the temple marble became a profitable trade. 1012:

half columns, whose spectacular capitals originally survived but during the First World War they were unfortunately destroyed. The room with the two central columns opened to the east to the great impassable portal. To the north and south of this hall two stairwells existed. In inscriptions they were

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51 by 109 meters. The temple building itself was surrounded by a double file of Ionic columns, each one of them 19.70 meters high. This consisted of 10 columns along the shorter sides and the 21 columns filling the longer sides, though not all of these were erected even by the end of antiquity. Above

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That means the spectators marked their seats engraving their names. As these inscriptions are also found on the southern part of the western colonnade it seems likely that the stadium was longer than the south side of the temple of Apollo. The average stadium length was usually about 190 meters (one

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The annual festival held in Didyma under the auspices of Miletus were called the Didymeia. They are first mentioned at the beginning 3rd century BC. A hundred years later they were made a Panhellenic (open to all Greeks) and a penteteric festival (they took place every four years). In the first half

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foundation southeast of the temple of Apollo in 2013. This squarish substructure measuring 11 meters by 12 meters consisted of limestone blocks, but no superstructure came to light. It may have had a cultic function because it is characterised by the same curious orientation as the temple of Apollo

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had been worshipped in Didyma. Another inscription from the 3rd century BC mentions the cult statue of Artemis. In later inscriptions reconstruction works of the temple of Artemis are reported. Therefore, there can be no doubt that Artemis had her own temple in Didyma. She was the main deity beside

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naiskos of Apollo. Therefore, it seemed likely they belonged to the elusive and tantalising temple of Artemis because of the twinning stylistic components. But this idea was only proven by Ulf Weber in 2012. The architrave and frieze blocks from the Artemis temple are deeper and wider than the ones

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This perplexing enigma was eventually unravelled in 2012. It had been clear that the drawing on the western sekos wall would also suit to the rediscovered fragments of architectural members from the temple of Artemis also. So the Hellenistic temple of Artemis was designed with Apollo's naiskos as a

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in Ephesus. In the western half of the sekos the remains of a small temple were found, the so-called Naiskos, which housed the cult statue of Apollo. The sacred spring in its original location was already dry by the 6th c. BC and had diverted its position to the eastern half of the sekos. In front

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recommenced the investigations at Didyma in 1962. From now on not only the temple of Apollo was explored but the whole area surrounding the temple. In this way some unknown buildings were discovered. The huge district with the Sacred Way north of the temple of Apollo was excavated by Klaus Tuchelt.

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from the 2nd century BC, and another one the so-called „Prophetenhaus" or chresmographeion, a smaller Doric building also from the 2nd century BC. The search of the foundations of these and other structures is difficult because the area around Apollo's temple is closely built-up. Therefore, it is

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For architrave, frieze and cornice are derived from a wider temple than the naiskos. Further they match perfectly to the construction drawing in the sekos. Finally this construction drawing matches the proportions of the new temple foundation. That means the Ionic temple of Artemis had four front

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In Hellenistic and Roman times the sanctuary of Apollo flourished again. Numerous oracles of Apollo were imparted; some of them are extant in Roman inscriptions. These included inquiries and responses, and literary testimony records Didyma's role as an oracle, with the "grim epilogue" of Apollo's

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The linear distance between Miletus and Didyma measures some 16 km. As well as the simple footway there also existed a Sacred Way between the city and its sanctuary which measured some 20 km in distance. This Sacred Way, built in the 6th century BC, was used for festival processions. It

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Peschlow-Bindokat, A. (1981). Die Steinbrüche von Milet und Herakleia am Latmos, Jahrbuch des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, vol. 96, p. 157–214; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 78-80.

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Bumke, H. (2006). Die Schwester des Orakelgottes. Zum Artemiskult in Didyma. In: Mylonopoulos, J., Roeder, H., Archäologie und Ritual, p. 215–237; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 184-186.

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The oracular procedure so well documented at Delphi is almost unknown at Didyma and must be reconstructed on the basis of the temple's construction. The priestess sat above the oracle spring and was inspired by Apollo. The prophet announced the oracle probably from the room with the high and

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In 2003 Andreas Furtwaengler took over the directorship of the excavation of Didyma. His explorations were concentrated on the Archaic period of the Apollo temple and its close surroundings. Helga Bumke succeeded him 2013. She began in 2001 the exploration of the disposal site (the so-called

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temple and its successors had never been roofed. The oldest temple of Apollo surrounded the sacred spring and the sacred laurel tree. This spring and tree formed the centre of the sanctuary for more than 1000 years. From the middle of the 6th century BC the Milesians raised a new temple and

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of three rows of four columns, the approaching visitor passed through a regularized grove formed by the columns. The door usually leading to a cella was replaced by a blank wall with a large upper opening through which one could glimpse the upper part of the naiskos in the inner court (in

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Taxiarchis hill) of the debris from the Persian looting in 494 BC. Afterwards, also under her auspices, were the discovery of the Greek theatre in 2010/11 and during 2013 the foundations of the temple of Artemis and of another Hellenistic building, residing under a Byzantine chapel.

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Bumke, H. (2013). »Kulte im Kult« – Der sakrale Mikrokosmos in extraurbanen griechischen Heiligtümern am Beispiel von Didyma – Erste Ergebnisse. In: Kölner und Bonner Archaeologica, vol. 2, p. 181–187; Bumke H. (2015). Didyma. Bericht über die Arbeiten der Jahre 2010-2013. In:

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has not yet been found. During excavations at the east side came no remains of the altar to light, and the area in front of the west side has not yet been excavated. So it is more likely that the temple was orientated to the west because generally the altar was situated in front of

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Haselberger, L. (1983). Bericht über die Arbeit am Jüngeren Apollontempel von Didyma, Mitteilungen der Abteilung Istanbul, vol. 33, p. 90-123; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.

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period along the wide and plastered road. To the west of the road the rock comes to the surface. Situated there were some wells, basins and small water canals. Their usage is not yet really clear, but they could have had a cultic function. Along the road during the

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Bumke H. (2015). Didyma. Bericht über die Arbeiten der Jahre 2010-2013. In: Archäologischer Anzeiger, vol. 2015/1, p. 112-119; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.

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Bumke H. (2015). Didyma. Bericht über die Arbeiten der Jahre 2010-2013. In: Archäologischer Anzeiger, vol. 2015/1, p. 119-124; Breder, J., Bumke, H. (2016). Die Kulte von Didyma im Licht neu entdeckter Bauten. In: Antike Welt, vol. 2, p. 52–60; Weber, U. 2020.

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constructed a new altar for Apollo. Alas, of this temple only the foundations of the sekos wall survived. Though as a lot of late Archaic column fragments were found it was likely a Dipteros, which means the sekos was surrounded by two rows of columns. These

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Reconstructed floor plan of the Hellenistic temple of Artemis as tetrastyle amphiprostylos orientated to the west (light-green: extant foundations; black: probable position of walls and columns; red: grid with the proportions of the rooms and of the whole

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and a lot of sherds from the same period. Then the cavea had a diameter of 52 meters and could receive 3000 spectators. Later in the first half of the 2nd century AD it was enlarged to a diameter of 61 meters and 4000 spectators would have found a seat.

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Furtwängler, A. E. (2009). Didyma: Ein Überblick über die jüngeren Forschungen, Colloquium Anatolicum 8, p. 1-21; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.

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See the corresponding parts in: Wiegand, Th., Knackfuß, H. (1941) Die Baubeschreibung, Didyma 1; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 54. 100-101.

1478:. Its final remains were demolished in 1925. This church was made with blocks from the naiskos and other small buildings from outside the temple around 500 AD. After a serious earthquake in the 7th century AD, a reconstruction of the three-aisled 779:

it changed the name to Hieronda deriving from the Greek name for sanctuary (hieron). This name was used for the village above the temple ruin until the early 20th century (Jeronda) and today the Turks continue to call it Yoran. About 1300 AD the

1486:. Another early Christian church was constructed 100 meters north of the temple of Apollo, at approximately the same location where today the mosque stands. This church also employed the use of ancient blocks salvaged from the temple of 2483:

Weber, U. (2015). Ein zweiter hellenistischer Naiskos im Apollonheiligtum von Didyma? (Kurzfassung). In: Koldewey-Gesellschaft, Bericht über die 48. Tagung für Ausgrabungswissenschaft und Bauforschung, p. 169-171; Weber, U. 2020.

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by a general of Seleucus I and Antiochus I whose inscribed altars there were still to be seen by Pliny's correspondents. Corroborating inscriptions on amphoras were found by I. R. Pichikyan at Dilbergin. Afterwards the kings of

1297:). The seating on the southern side of the stadium consisted of tiers of limestone blocks with seven or eight steps. The remains of a device for starting the contests are extant near the southeast corner of the Apollo temple. 2551:

Wiegand, Th., Knackfuß, H. (1941) Die Baubeschreibung, Didyma 1, p. 132. 140-141; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.

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to Apollo. But its establishment is supposed to precede literacy and even the Hellenic colonization of Ionia around 1000 BC. In contrary the first archaeological pieces of evidence of Didyma date in the 8th century BC.

385:(today Mavişehir). Along this route were ritual waystations, and statues of noblemen and noblewomen, as well as animal and mythological beast figures. Some of these statues, dating to the 6th century BC, are now in the 1440:

for the search. Interpreting the written sources and old maps make it possible to find places with ancient foundations. This was done by Helga Bumke in the case of the foundation of the temple of Artemis and another

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Tuchelt, K. (1991). Branchidai-Didyma, p. 24-38; Bumke, H. (2006). Die Schwester des Orakelgottes. Zum Artemiskult in Didyma. In: Mylonopoulos, J., Roeder, H., Archäologie und Ritual, p. 215–237; Weber, U. 2020.

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Between the two tunnel exits in the sekos a monumental staircase leads up to three openings into a room whose roof was supported by two columns on the central cross-axis. Among these three doors were placed two

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conquered Miletus and freed it from the Persians in 334 BC. In between a complete break had been rent in the oracles' personnel and tradition, the Branchidae priests marched off to Persian sovereign territory.

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Günther, W. (1971) Das Orakel von Didyma in hellenistischer Zeit; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.

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Apollo was worshipped in nearby Miletus under the name Delphinius (the same name was also used at Delphi). At Didyma, he was worshipped as Didymeus (Διδυμευς). His other names in the area were Philesios

1360:, but the architectural members of a building typical for a scene building are known since the beginning of the 20th century. After the cavea of the theatre was excavated Helga Bumke suggested that the 1040:

Although the construction work continued for over 600 years the temple of Apollo was never completed. But the main body of the temple itself had been completed around 100 BC. In the following centuries

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Tuchelt, K. (1991). Branchidai-Didyma, p. 9-10; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 244-246. 288.

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than the mentioned ones above. During the many years of excavations hundreds of architectural fragments came to light which could be not allocated to a known building or monument. One of them is a

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Pausanias, Description of Greece, 8.46.3; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 26. 62. 204. 226.

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Parke reports that the adyton is normally dry today; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 60-64.

984:. The sacred oracle spring was not situated in the naiskos, but in the eastern half of the sekos. It was found beneath the early Byzantine church. The inner walls of the sekos were articulated by 2214:

Tuchelt, K. (1991). Branchidai-Didyma, p. 38-50; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 259-276.

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Tuchelt, K. (1991). Branchidai-Didyma, p. 38-39; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 259-275.

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Tuchelt, K. (1991). Branchidai-Didyma, p. 24-38; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.241-259.

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were sent out by the French Schools of Rome and Athens in 1895. They cleared the eastern façade and partly the northern flank, and discovered inscriptions giving information about other parts.

1681:, is a phantom based on a merely geographical epithet: the Zeus who shared honors of patronage at Didyma, though not in the Didymaion itself, was actually Zeus Soter, "Zeus the Saviour". See 1936:

Vitruvius, De architectura, 7 praef. 16; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 73. 79-80.

436:). The remains of the altar are still visible and can be easily found due to the location of a nearby modern lighthouse. Architectural members of this famous altar can be seen in the 1909:

Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.10.5; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 62.

2584:, vol. 2015/1, p. 125-146; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 254-255. 301-304. 1392:. But it is not known who dedicated this building. As emperor Hadrian visited Miletus and Didyma in 129 AD the scene building was probably complete by that time. The winners of the 1214:

together with the water facilities make it more likely that the complex, of the so-called „Felsbarre", served for profane reasons. One option would be a function similar to a Roman

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Helga Bumke, Jan Breder, Ivonne Kaiser, Bettina Reichardt, Ulf Weber: Didyma. Bericht über die Arbeiten der Jahre 2010-2013. In: Archäologischer Anzeiger. 2015/1, p. 109–172.

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In the end these results contradict Klaus Tuchelt's view that the sanctuary of Artemis was situated west of the sacred way, as Helga Bumke had some years ago already suggested.

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Strabo, Geographica, 14.1.5; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 34. 60-61.

1588:; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 111-114. 120-121. 128-132. 260-275. 1927:

see Strabo, Geographica 17,1,43; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 14.

2615:, vol. 2015/1, p. 146-155; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 307-310. 2264:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 161-162. 212-218. 227-228. 286-290.

2655:, vol. 2015/1, p. 156-167; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 36-42. 591:

at the end in the 6th century BC. It was then reported that the oracle spring ceased to flow and the archaic oracle was silenced. Although the sanctuaries of Delphi and

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was erected. In the 11th century AD, another earthquake occurred and the church in the sekos collapsed. This was replaced by only a small chapel which was used for the

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6 km southwest of Didyma. The altar was built in the first half of the 6th century BC at the southwest cape of the Milesian Peninsula. Here was the border between

2153:; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 9-29. 43-56. 71-85. 138-173. 1073:

model, drawn upon the wall behind the naiskos in the 2nd century BC. The only existing problem was to find a foundation with the width of the drawing (10,71 meters).

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It is supposed that until its destruction by the Persians in 494 BC, Didyma's sanctuary was administered by the family of the Branchidae, who claimed descent from an

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 14-15. 60-64. 244. 276-279.

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that the Magnesians came from the region round Mount Didyma in Thessaly and erected in their new home a temple to Dindymene, "Mother of the Gods", i.e. Cybele. See

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vol. 65, p. 5–61; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 196-201.

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The Roman baths at the end of an alley were erected in the 2nd century AD. Rudolf Naumann investigated them and found impressive mosaics in the entrance hall, the

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German excavations made between 1905 and 1913 revealed all of the incomplete Hellenistic temple of Apollo and some carved fragments that belonged to the earlier

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Wiegand, Th., Knackfuß, H. (1941) Die Baubeschreibung, Didyma 1, p. 29-45. 142-149; Bumke H. (2015). Didyma. Bericht über die Arbeiten der Jahre 2010-2013. In:

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 26. 199-206. 245-246.

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p. 325–343; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 307-321.

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After the liberation from the Persians the Milesians began to build a new temple for Apollo, which was the largest in the Hellenic world after the temple of

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theoi.com; Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 34. 107.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 11. 14. 60-64. 105.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 144-145. 204-211.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 134-135. 312-316.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 16. 41-42. 67-69.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 253-254. 291-292.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 194-196. 260-263.

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was built around 300 BC. It is famed because of the superior high quality of its ornamentation. The naiskos with the cult statue of Apollo is depicted on

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Der archaische Heiligtumsbefund vom Taxiarchis-Hügel in Didyma: Teilband 2: Das Fundmaterial aus den archaischen Kontexten des Taxiarchis-Hügels, Teil 1

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Der archaische Heiligtumsbefund vom Taxiarchis-Hügel in Didyma. Teilband 1: Grabungsstratigraphie, archäologischer Kontext und topographische Einbindung

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 24-26. 204-207.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 33-34. 234-236.

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block (consisting of geison and sima), already found in 1909, but first investigated in 2012 belongs to them. It was the keystone to solve the riddle.

909:, which means 100 feet long. The width of this first sekos measured 10 meters. 'Sekos' is Greek for ‘courtyard’; we can therefore deduce that the late 2602:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 172. 308-310.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 222-228. 236.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 110. 163-167.

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Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 72. 152. 167.

1954:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 14. 113-114.

468:

Mythic genealogies of the origins of the Branchidae line of priests, designed to capture the origins of Didyma as a Hellenic tradition, date to the

808:

visited the spot in 1446, it seems that the temple was still standing in great part, although the cella had been converted into a fortress by the

2910: 2642:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 229-234.

2570:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 295-301.

2434:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 106-108.

2395:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 148-154.

2233:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 275-279.

2205:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 279-281.

2026:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 302-305.

2017:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 113-114.

1873:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 121-123.

1806:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 129-132.

2313:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 97-102.

1556:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 13. 57.

2633:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 89-92.

2593:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 81-84.

2366:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 22-24.

2162:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p.174-240

2106:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 37-42.

2097:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 35-37.

1769:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 34-35.

2561:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 302.

2062:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 301.

1963:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 113.

1506: 2035:

Weber, U. (2020). Das Apollonheiligtum von Didyma - Dargestellt an seiner Forschungsgeschichte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart, p. 25.

2501:, Beiheft 9, p. 32-37; Bumke, H. (2015). Aktuelle Forschungen in Didyma. In: Anatolien - Brücke der Kulturen. p. 325–343; Weber, U. 2020. 558:, a youth beloved of Apollo. The priestess, seated above the sacred spring, gave utterances that were interpreted by the Branchidae. Both 5812: 2147: 1585: 1281:

served as seats for the spectators on the northern side of the stadium. Upon these seven steps are engraved many „topos inscriptions".

1105:. In contrast to the temple of Apollo the foundation of the temple of Artemis is orientated exactly East-West, as it is common for most 1053:. The western facade was completed too and some columns on the flanks. The roof was also never entirely finished; the temple lacked the 905:

The Hellenistic temple had two predecessors. The first sacred building dedicated to Apollo was erected around 700 BC. It was probably a

11987: 11982: 4510: 1336:

were a totally unexpected find. Evidence that the theatre arose in the second half of the 1st century AD is indicated by the find of a

570:

quotes Leandrios saying that Cleochus, grandfather of the eponymous founder Miletus, was buried within the temple enclosure of Didyma.

2822: 1597: 1193:

The Sacred Way inside the sanctuary of Apollo was excavated under Klaus Tuchelt. He found the remains of different buildings from the

2142: 2839: 361:

formed the Milesian Peninsula. Didyma was the largest and most significant sanctuary on the territory of the great classical city

2323:

http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=698371&viewType=detailView

796: 317:. This oracle of Apollo was situated within what was, and is, one of the world's greatest temples to Apollo. The remains of this 2538:

Naumann, R. (1980). Didyma. Bericht über die Arbeiten der Jahre 1975 - 1979, 2. Die Ausgrabungen bei den Thermen in Didyma. In:

5805: 460:

origin of the name. The Carians settled this area before the Ionian Greeks. Didyma was first mentioned among the Greeks in the

496:". Excavations by German archaeologists have lately uncovered the temple dedicated to Artemis, north of the temple of Apollo. 5828: 2708:

Andreas E. Furtwängler, Didyma: Ein Überblick über die jüngeren Forschungen. In: Colloquium Anatolicum 8, 2009, p. 1-21.

11977: 812:, but when the next European visitor, the Englishmen Jeremy Salter and Dr Pickering, arrived in 1673, it had collapsed. The 114: 3898: 1057:. There were also other parts of this huge temple which remained unfinished. Therefore, this building is totally unique in 313:. Other deities were also honoured within the sanctuary. The Didymaion was well renowned in antiquity because of its famed 2903: 1497:

above. Its later history is not yet clear, but in 1830 their remains were used to erect a new church (dedicated to Saint

4520: 4210: 3903: 3837: 485: 11997: 3908: 3883: 365:. The natural connection between Miletus and Didyma was by way of ship. But during antiquity the sediments from the 6554: 5717: 4466: 3893: 3888: 2797: