181:(land grants) and the decline of the landowning class. By the time of their dissolution, they had played a key role in preserving the Iranian national identity. Their Islamization and cultural Iranianization of the Turks led to the establishment of the Iranian essence within the Islamic world, something which would continue throughout the
267:
and as imperial tax collectors, eventually replacing the nobility as the base for the army under
Khosrau reforms. As their influence grew, they maintained Persian ethics, ideals and social norms which were later reawakened during medieval times in Islamic Persia.
308:
from the
Sassanid times and brought them into the Islamic period, but they also inculcated these ideals to the minds of the ruling Arab aristocracy, who also fused with Iranians. In the 9th century, the
569:
Daftary, F. (1999). "Sectarian and national movements in Iran, Khurasan and
Transoxanial during Umayyad in early Abbasid times". In Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.).
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were landowners or directly involved in agriculture; either the planting or the management of the land. Aside from their political and social role, the
727:
412:
Iran in the Early
Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055
712:
376:
who was also well versed about ancient Iran. His poetry is replete with the references to ancient
Iranian characters and their role.
717:
737:
722:
669:
597:
732:
638:
420:
244:
social class in the later
Sassanid era, that managed local affairs and whom peasants were obliged to obey.
204:
meaning "countryman, peasant, villager" or "farmer". The original meaning was "pertaining to the deh" (
295:
280:
function almost as local rulers under the Arab domain and the term was sometimes juxtaposed with
410:
220:(ده / 𐭬𐭲𐭠) has both the same meaning of "village" in Middle Persian and in Modern Persian.
356:
had already become synonymous to “a
Persian of noble blood” in contrast to Arabs, Turks and
205:
8:
437:
686:
655:
647:
449:
416:
157:
707:
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140:
98:
85:
77:
35:
643:
298:, played an important cultural role by serving rulers and princes as learned men.
310:
301:
229:
153:
360:. According to some sources, including Nezami ‘Aruzi, the Iranian national poet
678:
617:
373:
337:
213:
198:
701:
690:
659:
453:
321:
264:
168:
259:. Under reign of Khosrau, who followed the same policies as his father, the
20:
341:
182:
172:
241:
596:
Lornejad, Siavash; Doostzadeh, Ali (2012). Arakelova, Victoria (ed.).
332:
aristocracy in order to govern their empire. The alliance between the
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537:
535:
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Undergraduate
Journal of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations
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104:
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44:
41:
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113:
477:
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and the
Saljuqs actually created resentment among the
19:"Dehgan" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see
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286:(“marcher-lord, governor”). By the 11th century, the
125:
119:
62:
56:
50:
502:
472:
385:
128:
101:
65:
38:
438:"Surnames and National Identity in Turkey and Iran"
317:origin, initiated a resurgence of Persian culture.
294:who were well versed in the history and culture of
110:
47:
668:
637:
595:
541:
368:lineage. Another poet that refers to himself as a
152:) were a class of land-owning magnates during the
328:played a major role as the Saljuqs turned to the
16:Socioeconomic class in Sassanian and Islamic Iran
699:
435:
408:
580:Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
255:implemented social reforms which benefited the
606:
466:
236:were considered minor landowners. The term
156:and early Islamic period, found throughout
615:
396:
304:had not only preserved the ideals of the
167:started to gradually fade away under the
589:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
571:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
263:gained influence as the backbone of the
609:Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire
602:. Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies.
586:
577:
568:
553:
520:
508:
481:
216:) but in the original sense of “land”.
700:
666:
494:Atef, Alyssa. "Khusrau I Anushirvan".
147:
84:
635:
573:. Vol. IV. Motilal Banarsidass.
728:Social class in the Sasanian Empire
144:
81:
13:
629:
223:
14:
749:
247:Following the suppression of the
713:People from the Ghaznavid Empire
646:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
493:
97:
34:
718:People from the Sasanian Empire
607:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
498:(9). University of Toronto: 37.
415:. Bertold Spuler. p. 225.
348:. Due to the attachment of the
738:People from the Samanid Empire
654:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
542:Lornejad & Doostzadeh 2012
487:
429:
402:
271:
1:
723:People from the Seljuk Empire
683:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
379:
352:to Iranian culture, the term
175:, due to the increase of the
276:In early Islamic texts, the
188:
7:
587:Lambton, Ann K. S. (1988).
185:and far into modern times.
10:
754:
562:
340:tribesmen after 1055 when
209:
18:
733:Persian words and phrases
616:Tafażżolī, Aḥmad (2011).
436:Anna Szombierska (2016).
409:Brill Publishers (2014).
578:Daryaee, Touraj (2009).
667:Miller, Isabel (2017).
652:Encyclopaedia of Islam
313:, who were of Persian
636:Paul, Jürgen (2015).
622:Encyclopaedia Iranica
523:, p. 138 note 5.
442:Pisma Humanistyczne
228:In the pre-Islamic
642:. In Fleet, Kate;
149:[deɦˈgɒːn]
86:[deɦˈɢɒːn]
675:Madelung, Wilferd
467:Pourshariati 2008
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694:
685:. Brill Online.
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644:Krämer, Gudrun
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611:. I.B. Tauris.
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582:. I.B. Tauris.
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342:Toghril Beg
320:During the
272:Islamic era
206:Old Persian
183:Middle Ages
173:Qarakhanids
163:lands. The
702:Categories
380:References
344:took over
251:uprising,
242:hereditary
691:1875-9831
660:1873-9830
454:1506-9567
324:era, the
253:Khosrau I
249:Mazdakite
193:The term
189:Etymology
681:(eds.).
670:"Dihqān"
650:(eds.).
639:"Dihqān"
618:"DEHQĀN"
362:Ferdowsi
338:Turcoman
311:Tahirids
302:Iranians
283:marzabān
154:Sasanian
708:Dehqans
563:Sources
448:: 182.
350:dehqans
346:Baghdad
334:dehqans
326:dehqans
306:dehqans
292:dehqans
288:dehqans
278:dehqans
261:dehqans
257:dehqans
234:dehqans
202:dahigān
169:Seljuks
165:dehqans
158:Iranian
141:Persian
78:Persian
689:
658:
452:
419:
370:dehqan
366:dehqan
358:Romans
354:dehqan
330:dehqan
322:Saljuq
315:dehqan
238:dehqan
232:, the
195:dehqân
92:dehgân
29:dehqân
673:. In
210:dahyu
178:iqta'
161:Tajik
145:دهگان
89:) or
82:دهقان
687:ISSN
656:ISSN
450:ISSN
417:ISBN
171:and
26:The
446:XIV
372:is
218:Deh
704::
677:;
620:.
528:^
474:^
444:.
440:.
387:^
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143::
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117:ɑː
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693:.
662:.
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544:.
456:.
425:.
399:.
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126:ˌ
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120:n
114:ɡ
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