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231:. On her return to Canada she immediately started to organise a woman's support group which would "place themselves in the front rank of colonial patriotism" and give practical charitable aid to soldiers, and if they were killed, support for their dependents, and care for their graves. On 13 January 1900, she sent telegrams to the mayors of major Canadian cities asking for their support for her fledgling organization which she called "Daughters of the Empire" that would also be "inviting the women of Australia and New Zealand to join with them in sending to the Queen an expression of our devotion to the Empire, and an Emergency War Fund, to be expended as Her Majesty shall deem fit." On 15 January 1900, the founding meeting of the first chapter was held in
262:
Canada after a successful recruitment drive in
England, Scotland, and Ireland, the League wrote to Polson Murray stating that they would not support the branches of the Daughters of the Empire in the United Kingdom because it would cause competition and confusion resulting in the weakening of the league and the support that both organizations could give their mutual causes. This was a genuine concern that was recognized by the South African Guild of Loyal Women who realized that conflict was not in their immediate interests. With their pressing needs, the South Africans voluntarily agreed to their members in Britain joining the league. It also masked an underlying snobbery of the
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non-white immigrants occurred in 1911, when the
Edmonton chapter of the IODE petitioned the minister of the interior, Frank Oliver, to ban Black immigrants to Western Canada. "We view with alarm the continuous and rapid influx of Negro settlers," they wrote. " immigration will have the immediate effect of… discouraging white settlement in the vicinity of the Negro farms and will depreciate the value of all holdings within such areas."
310:"It was during the early years of the twentieth century that the IODE formed and solidified its own racial ideology. Its beliefs were steeped in powerful ideas of the time, such as the superiority of an Anglo-Celtic race that was interpreted as being biological, and which was demonstrable from imperial conquests such as the South Africa War."
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The discriminatory practices of the IODE were not, however, confined to its propagation of the belief in a distinct, superior "British race." The IODE also aimed to actively discourage the immigration of visible minorities and people of colour to Canada. The most infamous example of such hostility to
242:
On 13 February 1900, 25 women attended a meeting in
Montreal and agreed to form a national organization called the "Federation of the Daughters of the Empire." Polson Murray was elected honorary secretary, and for the rest of the year, she energetically took steps to expand the Federation. Soon there
261:
was established with similar aims to those of the
Daughters of the Empire and the Guild of Loyal Women. The senior members of the Victoria League were members of the British Establishment and were not willing to become members of an organization based in the colonies. After Polson Murray returned to
301:
During the early years of its existence, the IODE concentrated its efforts on the advancement of
British imperialism—namely, promoting Britain and British institutions through education. According to the IODE Constitution, the organization's primary objectives were to "promote in the Motherland and
285:
Over the next decade the relationship between the
Victoria League and the IODE improved but was never cordial. In 1911 Nordheimer resigned and in 1912 Polson Murray was invited to resume her position as honorary secretary and later was given honorary life membership. In 1917, the IODE was
580:
305:
In addition to its explicitly imperialist mandate, the IODE aimed to foster an exclusionary sense of
Canadian national identity grounded in racist assumptions current at the beginning of the twentieth century. As Katie Pickles notes,
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was elected the first national president. The Boer War had not ended and the aims and of the renamed organization did not change. The committee on war graves continued its partnership with the Guild of Loyal Women of South Africa.
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in the
Colonies the study of the History of the Empire and of current Imperial questions" and to "stimulate, and give expression to the sentiment of patriotism which binds the women and children of the Empire around the Throne."
179:, book prizes, and awards, and pursues other philanthropic and educational projects in various communities across Canada. The IODE's motto was "One Flag, One Throne, One Empire" and the IODE's magazine is called
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were branches all over Canada, and some affiliated ones in the United States. One of Murray's initiatives was to contact the
Department of Indian Affairs to encourage women of the
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in South Africa and the
British War Office to arrange the care of war graves of fallen Canadian and Boer soldiers, particularly those in isolated places.
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273: – the region with the most support for the Daughters of the Empire – to assume leadership. The headquarters moved from Montreal to
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and the organization was renamed "Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire" (IODE), with the motto became "One flag, one throne, one empire."
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235:. On the same day, Polson Murray publicized her initiative by issuing a press release and giving interviews in
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On her return from Britain in October 1901, Polson Murray was fatigued and ill, so she asked the ladies of
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The Federation organized a huge welcome dinner for returning soldiers, and contacted a sister organization
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social elite who could not countenance being members of any organization that they did not control.
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of the organization spanning the period from 1900 to 1986. It covers the date range 1900 to 2000.
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557:"Finding aid to the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire fonds at Library and Archives Canada"
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incorporated as a Canadian women's organization by a special act of the Parliament of Canada.
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581:"Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire fonds description at Library and Archives Canada"
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The first meeting held by the organization took place in Fredericton on 15 January 1900.
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Female imperialism and national identity: Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire
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was in England and was swept up in the wave of patriotic support for the
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The Call To Arms, Montreal's Roll of Honour, European War, 1914
331:. The archive comprises documents (minutes, records, etc.) and
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469:"Other" Voices: Historical Essays on Saskatchewan Women
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Daughters of the British Empire is the US counterpart.
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McDougald, A. W. (Hon. Organizing Secretary) (1914),
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Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire Toronto fonds
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List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage
323:There is an Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire
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199:, Toronto, on 28 February 1911, photographed by
167:) is a women's charitable organization based in
691:"Imperial Order of The Daughters of the Empire"
628:(illustrated ed.), A&C Black, p.
656:. Vol. XV (1921–1930) (online ed.).
457:(International Press Ltd. 1915-1916): 325-326.
501:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
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664:
650:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
471:. University of Regina Press. p. 81.
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150:Federation of the Daughters of the Empire
713:The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
707:"Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire"
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227:that followed the outbreak of the
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865:Organizations established in 1900
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648:"Polson, Margaret Smith (Murray)"
529:Yarhi, Eli (September 30, 2016).
653:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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156:Women's charitable organization
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120:President (National Chapter)
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257:In England in 1901, the
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492:Pickles, Katie (2002).
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18:Daughters of the Empire
467:Small, Nadine (1995).
221:Margaret Polson Murray
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195:IODE Rose Ball at the
63:Margaret Polson Murray
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624:Bush, Julia (2000),
297:Imperialism and race
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44:15 January 1900
665:IODE staff (2015).
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537:. Historica Canada
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98:Headquarters
90:Legal status
33:Abbreviation
781:Identifiers
754:Archives at
673:15 February
289:During the
233:Fredericton
73:Fredericton
844:Categories
741:required.)
618:References
607:2019-01-22
514:8 February
508:0719063906
69:Founded at
51:1900-01-15
784:Fonds 275
667:"History"
440:Bush 2000
354:Footnotes
219:In 1899,
177:bursaries
104:, Ontario
84:Nonprofit
41:Formation
763:Location
586:June 18,
565:June 18,
339:See also
333:ephemera
319:Archives
237:Montreal
275:Toronto
271:Ontario
187:History
129:Website
102:Toronto
93:Charity
59:Founder
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541:17 May
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264:London
181:Echoes
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114:Canada
632:–90,
560:(PDF)
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136:.iode
727:ISBN
675:2014
634:ISBN
588:2020
567:2020
543:2018
516:2024
503:ISBN
473:ISBN
165:IODE
159:The
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134:www
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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