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The
Augsburg Confession became the primary confessional document for the Lutheran movement, even without the contribution of Martin Luther. Following the public reading of the Augsburg Confession in June 1530, the expected response by Charles V and the Vatican representatives at the Diet of Augsburg
1516:
The
Augsburg Confession consists of 28 articles presented by Lutheran princes and representatives of "free cities" at the Diet of Augsburg that set forward what the Lutherans believed, taught and confessed in positive (theses) and negative (antitheses) statements. The theses are 21 Chief Articles of
1958:
The only power given to priests or bishops is the power offered through
Scripture to preach, teach and administer the sacraments. The powers given to the clergy in issues of government or the military are granted and respected only through civil means; they are not civil rulers of governments and
1998:
In
September, Charles V declared the response to be sufficient and gave the Lutheran princes until 15 April 1531 to respond to the demands of the Confutation. In response, Philip Melanchthon wrote a lengthy and sustained argument both supporting the Augsburg Confession and refuting the arguments
1923:
Lutherans uphold the need for confession and absolution, but reject the notion that
Confession should induce guilt or anxiety to the Christian. Absolution is offered for all sin, not just sins that can be recounted in a confession, as it is impossible for a man to know all of his transgressions.
2040:
The three bishops who dwelt in
Copenhagen were arrested and the rest were tracked down and likewise arrested. The official reason was their hesitation to elect Christian as king and other alleged criminal acts. The real reason was that Christian wanted to kill two birds with one stone: carrying
1816:
Men have, to some extent, free will in the realm of "civil righteousness" (or "things subject to reason"), but that we do not have free will in "spiritual righteousness". In other words, we have no free choice when it comes to salvation. Faith is not the work of men, but of the Holy Spirit.
1472:
also expressed their concurrence with the confession. The emperor had ordered the confession to be presented to him at the next session, 24 June. When the
Protestant princes asked that it be read in public, their petition was refused, and efforts were made to prevent the public reading of the
1402:. The rest reached Augsburg on 2 May. On the journey, Melanchthon worked on a larger draft based on the Torgau articles, and sent this to Luther at Coburg on 11 May, who approved it. Several alterations were suggested to Melanchthon in his conferences with Jonas, the Saxon chancellor
1489:
lasted two hours and was so distinct that every word could be heard outside. The reading being over, the copies were handed to the emperor. The German copy he gave to the imperial chancellor, the
Elector of Mainz. The Latin copy he took away. Neither of the copies is now extant.
2577:
1771:
and festivals are useful for religious observance, but that observance and ritual is not necessary for salvation. Human traditions (such as observances, fasts, distinctions in eating meats) that are taught as a way to "merit" grace work in opposition to the Gospel.
1783:
Secular governments and vocations are considered to be part of God's natural orders; Christians are free to serve in government and the military and to engage in the business and vocations of the world. Laws are to be followed unless they are commandments to sin.
1935:
Human traditions that hold fasting and special observances with dietary restrictions as a means of gaining the favor of God are contrary to the gospel. While fasting and other practices are useful spiritual practices, they do not justify man nor offer salvation.
1899:
Lutherans permit their clergy to enter the institution of marriage, for the reasons that the early Church bishops were married, that God blesses marriage as an order of creation, and because marriage and procreation is the natural outlet for human sexual desire.
1911:
Lutherans retain the practice of the Mass, but only as a public gathering for the purposes of community worship and the receiving of the
Eucharist. Lutherans reject the practice of using the Mass as a "work" for both salvation and worldly (monetary) gain.
1476:
The 25th was then fixed for the day of its presentation. In order to exclude the people, the little chapel of the episcopal palace was appointed in place of the spacious city hall, where the meetings of the diet were held. The two Saxon chancellors
2320:. The symphony, however, was not commissioned for the celebrations, because of either the composer's Jewish origins or the inappropriateness of a symphony for the celebrations. Instead, Eduard Grell's work for four men's voices
1600:
Man cannot be justified before God through our own abilities; we are wholly reliant on Jesus Christ for reconciliation with God. (This is often described as the one article by which the "Lutheran church stands or falls".)
1366:
on 8 April for the purpose of discussing and deciding various important questions. Although the writ of invitation was couched in very peaceful language, it was received with suspicion by some of the
Protestants. Landgrave
1517:
Faith describing the normative principles of Christian faith held by the Lutherans; the antitheses are seven statements describing what they viewed as abuses of the Christian faith present in the Roman Catholic church.
2017:
The English translation of the Augsburg Confession and German Lutheran theologians would influence the composition of the first of the Anglican articles of faith started in the latter 1530s and culminating with the
1660:
Despite what hypocrisy may exist in the church (and among men), the Word and the Sacraments are always valid because they are instituted by Christ, no matter what the sins may be of the one who administers them.
2616:
2612:
2010:. By 1535, the League admitted any city or state to the alliance that gave official assent to the Augsburg Confession and the Apology. Significantly, the Confession was translated into English in 1536, and
1485:, the former with the plain German copy, the other in traditional Latin language, against the wish of the emperor stepped into the middle of the assembly. The reading of the German version of the text by
1715:
Private absolution should remain in the church, though a believer does not need to enumerate all of his sins as it is impossible for a man to enumerate all of the sins for which he should be forgiven.
521:
2084:
Theological disputes within the expanding sphere of Lutheranism to other territories in the latter half of the 16th century led to the compilation of a definitive set of Lutheran Confessions in the
1745:(Baptism and the Eucharist) are physical manifestations of God's Word and His commitment to us. The Sacraments are never just physical elements, but have God's word and promises bound to them.
4301:
1798:
Christ will return to raise the dead and judge the world; the godly will be given everlasting joy, and the ungodly will be "tormented without end". This article rejects notions of a
2557:, brief overview of the historical background of the Augsburg Confession, with paintings of Elector John the Steadfast and Philipp Melanchthon, and a 1575 bird's-eye view of Augsburg
1995:
was produced to the Diet, though the document was so poorly prepared that the document was never published for widespread distribution, nor presented to the Lutherans at the Diet.
1839:
Justification by faith does not somehow condemn good works; faith causes them to do good works as a sign of our justification (or salvation), not a requirement for salvation.
2077:
and was won convincingly by Charles V. The war did not resolve the religious and political situation. Eight years later, the Lutheran princes and Charles V agreed to the
2022:
in 1563. In Scandinavia the Danish-Norwegian king Christian III marched into Copenhagen on 6 August 1536 and six days later he carried out a coup that established the
4109:
2442:
1970:"That in doctrine and ceremonies nothing has been received on our part against Scripture or the Church Catholic." Signatures of several secular leaders in Saxony.
2041:
through a Lutheran Reformation and confiscating the bishops' properties, the profits from which was needed to cover the expenses of the recently ended civil war.
2372:
1947:
Man cannot achieve purity in community or isolation from the rest of the world, and perfection cannot be attained by any vow taken or actions of man alone.
2316:(actually his second symphony in order of composition) was composed to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession and thus bears the title
3737:
2921:
2014:
was given opportunity to sign the confession and join the league, but theological and political disputes would prevent the English church from joining.
4285:
2634:– Summary of Orthodox Patriarch Jeremias II's letter of 15 May 1576, in which he compares each article of the confession to Orthodox Christian beliefs
1991:
was not immediately forthcoming. Following debate between the court of Charles V and the Vatican representatives, the official response known as the
2784:
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2887:
2547:, complete annotated translation in modern English, with links to source material where available online; translated by Nathaniel J. Biebert (
2724:
267:
3122:
2058:. Many Lutheran churches specify in their official documents that they subscribe to the "Unaltered Augsburg Confession", as opposed to the
546:
2566:
363:
4395:
1473:
document altogether. The Protestant princes declared that they would not part with the confession until its reading should be allowed.
1453:, the representatives of Nuremberg and Reutlingen, and probably also the electoral prince John Frederick and Duke Francis of LĂĽneburg.
2511:
2222:
1566 (However, this was in name only, as Hessen-Kassel was Reformed even in 1566. In 1605 the Reformed faith was officially decreed.)
1612:
To ensure that the gospel of Jesus Christ is proclaimed throughout the world, Christ has established His office of the holy ministry.
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The Lutheran princes at the diet concurrently agreed to a military alliance in the event of action by Charles V known as the
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and through faith offered through the Gospel. A believer can never be free from sin, nor live outside of the grace of God.
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with a parallel English translation and with notes on the differences in the 1540 edition (Articles I — VII); from
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are kept, not as saviors or intercessors to God, but rather as examples and inspirations to our own faith and life.
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2461:, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 157–159. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999.
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1441:, and other counselors, besides twelve theologians. After the reading, the confession was signed by the Elector
1421:
On 23 June, the final form of the text was adopted in the presence of the Elector John of Saxony, the Landgrave
1390:
This summary has received the name of the "Torgau Articles". On 3 April, the elector and reformers started from
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The incarnation, that is, the union of the fully human with the fully divine in the person of Jesus.
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to explain their religious convictions in an attempt to restore religious and political unity in the
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The nature of man is sinful, described as being without fear of God, without trust of God and with
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Kolde, T. (1914). "Augsburg Confession And Its Apology". In Jackson, Samuel Macauley (ed.).
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and was soon translated into German and was widely distributed and read throughout Germany.
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992:
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2019:
1992:
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340:
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2563:, in an English translation, compares each articles of the confession to Catholic beliefs.
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Only those who are "properly called" may publicly preach or administer the Sacraments.
1411:
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on 23 April. There, Luther was left behind because he was an outlaw according to the
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1375:, who received the writ 11 March, on 14 March directed Martin Luther, Justus Jonas,
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1383:, where he was, and present a summary of the Lutheran faith to be laid before the
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Sin is caused not by God but by "the will of the wicked", turning away from God.
1726:
Repentance comes in two parts: in contrition for sins committed according to the
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2476:
The Augsburg Confession: A Collection of Sources with an Historical Introduction
1626:
of Christians are the fruits of faith and salvation, not a price paid for them.
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Baptism is necessary, and that through Baptism is offered the grace of God.
1670:
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2446:(third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. pp. 361–363.
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318:
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104:
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2081:, which granted Lutheranism legal status within the Holy Roman Empire.
1438:
1313:
872:
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688:
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1434:
2637:
2434: This article incorporates text from a publication in the
4781:
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2583:
1363:
4302:
The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics
2506:
2069:
and the forces of Charles V and the Vatican eventually led to the
1346:
had already drafted a statement of their theological views in the
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1235:
189:
164:
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Audio recording of the first part of the Augsburg Confession
2336:
Confutatio Augustana and Confessio Augustana being presented
1587:
alone brings about the reconciliation of humanity with God.
1999:
made in the Confutation. This document became known as the
27:
1530 primary confession of faith of the Lutheran tradition
1884:
It is proper to offer communicants the consecrated bread
1499:) was edited by Philipp Melanchthon, a professor at the
2638:
The Roman Catholic Reception of the Augsburg Confession
2373:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
2098:
as the foundational confessions of the Lutheran faith.
1973:
1520:
1299:. It is the fourth document contained in the Lutheran
2443:
New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
2339:
1283:, had called on the Princes and Free Territories in
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
1503:and a close colleague and friend of Martin Luther.
4286:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants
2486:The Augsburg Confession; a Contemporary Commentary
2182:1538 (switched to a Reformed confession in 1605)
1993:Pontifical Confutation of the Augsburg Confession
1697:and are distributed to communicants. They reject
4928:
2398:
2036:receives the Augsburg Confession, Augsburg 1530.
1547:Christians believe in the Triune God and reject
1252:and one of the most important documents of the
4230:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
2478:. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1983.
1371:hesitated to attend the diet, but the Elector
1256:. The Augsburg Confession was written in both
4165:
2778:
2725:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
2663:
2530:Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches
1203:
268:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
2678:The Lutheran Confessions — Documents of the
2601:in The Lutheran Cyclopedia (1899) edited by
2026:and the start of the Reformation in Norway.
1982:An illustration of the first 21 articles by
1645:is preached in its truth and purity and the
1449:, the Landgrave Philip of Hesse, the Prince
1881:Of Both Kinds In The Sacrament (Eucharist)
4172:
4158:
2792:
2785:
2771:
2670:
2656:
1649:are administered according to the gospel.
1210:
1196:
4238:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
2094:includes the Augsburg Confession and the
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2595:, Philadelphia: J. Fredrick Smith, 1878.
2457:May, Gerhard. "Augsburg Confession." In
2331:
2028:
1977:
1312:
1264:and was presented by a number of German
43:This article includes a list of general
2541:, including articles XXII — XXVIII
1679:as an offering to them of God's grace.
1445:, Margrave George of Brandenburg, Duke
14:
4929:
3095:Council of Trent § Protestant response
2589:A Chronicle of the Augsburg Confession
4603:Die LĂĽgend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo
4318:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper
4153:
4110:Synodical Conference of North America
2766:
2651:
2439:
2413:
1802:before the resurrection of the dead.
3118:Controversy on the Descent into Hell
2101:
1974:Influence of the Augsburg Confession
1521:The chief articles of faith (theses)
29:
2534:Christian Classics Ethereal Library
2488:. Augsburg Publishing House, 1968.
2073:in 1546–1547, which ended the 1532
2065:The political tensions between the
1859:
1379:and Philipp Melanchthon to meet in
24:
4254:Against Henry, King of the English
3108:Adiaphoristic controversies (first
2749:
2713:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
2451:
2385:
2096:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
2001:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
1511:
1350:in 1529, when on 21 January 1530,
1327:
239:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4973:
4597:Propaganda during the Reformation
4179:
3628:Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette
2499:
4444:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam
4396:Weimar edition of Luther's works
2572:
2555:Augsburg Confession - Background
2505:
2459:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
2429:
2342:
2048:produced a revised edition, the
1493:The first official publication (
285:Distinctive theological concepts
111:
34:
4222:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace
4037:Australia / New Guinea
1641:, and it is found wherever the
1456:During the diet, the cities of
4737:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
4429:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn
4364:On the Councils and the Church
4270:The Adoration of the Sacrament
2518:The Augsburg Confession (1530)
2423:
1959:the military by divine right.
1291:and rally support against the
709:John Christian Frederick Heyer
564:International Lutheran Council
13:
1:
4947:Christian statements of faith
4711:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
4246:On the Freedom of a Christian
4197:Resources about Martin Luther
3534:Christoph Friedrich von Ammon
3045:Colloquy of Worms (1540–1541)
2378:
2034:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1965:
1847:Of the Worship of the Saints
1738:Of the Use of the Sacraments
1551:regarding the nature of God.
1414:, and the imperial secretary
1308:
4942:16th-century Christian texts
4767:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
4477:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518
4437:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
4059:Lutheran Church of Australia
2561:The Roman Confutation (1530)
1932:Of the Distinction of Meats
1693:Christ's body and blood are
973:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
734:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
7:
4762:Martin Luther's Death House
4757:Martin Luther's Birth House
4620:Hans and Margarethe Luther
4533:Priesthood of all believers
3623:Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider
3039:Augsburg Confession Variata
2888:Denmark–Norway and Holstein
2607:Augsburg Confession in the
2582:public domain audiobook at
2358:Augsburg Confession Variata
2327:
2305:
2228:Duchy of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
1896:Of the Marriage of Priests
1568:. Sin is redeemed through
1506:
373:Priesthood of all believers
10:
4978:
4721:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld
4372:On the Jews and Their Lies
4294:On the Bondage of the Will
3801:Zillertal Valley expulsion
3511:Friedrich Gottlieb SĂĽskind
3490:Johann Christoph Döderlein
2593:Charles Porterfield Krauth
2545:Augsburg Confession (1530)
2539:Augsburg Confession (1530)
1888:wine, not just the bread.
1699:those that teach otherwise
1116:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1081:Johannes Andreas Quenstedt
694:Johann Heinrich Callenberg
4901:
4876:
4790:
4772:St. Augustine's Monastery
4729:
4613:
4523:Theology of Martin Luther
4513:Augsburg Confession, 1530
4457:
4404:
4205:
4187:
4122:
4067:
4036:
3985:
3976:
3929:
3861:
3818:
3809:
3736:
3673:
3666:
3649:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
3636:
3610:
3567:
3524:
3498:
3470:
3459:
3414:
3338:
3274:
3258:
3213:
3152:
3125:Greek Augsburg Confession
3029:
3022:
2920:
2880:
2872:Nuremberg Religious Peace
2822:
2815:
2804:
2747:
2736:Luther's Large Catechism
2688:
2075:Nuremberg Religious Peace
1764:Of Ecclesiastical Usages
1639:one holy Christian church
1433:, the representatives of
569:Lutheran World Federation
556:Global Confessional &
295:Theology of Martin Luther
4575:Eucharist in Lutheranism
4501:Decet Romanum Pontificem
4130:Confessional Lutheranism
3654:Friedrich Schleiermacher
3597:Richard Adelbert Lipsius
3592:Ferdinand Christian Baur
3085:Colloquy of Worms (1557)
2731:Luther's Small Catechism
2318:The Reformation Symphony
2112:Year the AC was adopted
1955:Of Ecclesiastical Power
1753:Of Ecclesiastical Order
1609:The Office of Preaching
1501:University of Wittenberg
826:Johann Phillip Fabricius
699:Johann Phillip Fabricius
657:Confessional Lutheranism
558:Missional Lutheran Forum
547:Confessional Evangelical
364:Two states of the Church
134:Start of the Reformation
4777:Veste Coburg (Fortress)
4326:On War Against the Turk
3644:Johann Gottfried Herder
3506:Gottlob Christian Storr
2393:The Augsburg Confession
1429:, the Dukes Ernest and
1408:Christopher von Stadion
930:Norwegian Bible Society
912:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
818:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
744:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
684:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
64:more precise citations.
4957:Reformation in Germany
4850:Martin Luther, Heretic
4742:Stadtkirche Wittenberg
4508:Marburg Colloquy, 1529
3618:Franz Volkmar Reinhard
3516:Johann Friedrich Flatt
3485:Johann David Michaelis
3295:Colloquy of Mumpelgart
2854:Protestation at Speyer
2834:Heidelberg Disputation
2754:
2337:
2054:, which was signed by
2037:
2024:Reformation in Denmark
1987:
1792:Of Christ's Return to
1596:Justification By Faith
1332:
1325:
1266:rulers and free-cities
1254:Protestant Reformation
1101:August Hermann Francke
945:Stanislovas Rapolionis
940:Samuel Ludwik Zasadius
808:Kristian Osvald Viderø
597:History of Lutheranism
18:Confession of Augsburg
4656:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi
4651:Albert of Brandenburg
4528:Theology of the Cross
4414:First Lutheran hymnal
4342:Articles of Schwabach
3037:Dissemination of the
2859:Articles of Schwabach
2849:Diet of Speyer (1529)
2753:
2335:
2178:Principality of Lippe
2032:
1981:
1677:Children are baptized
1620:Of The New Obedience
1572:and the Holy Spirit.
1549:other interpretations
1427:George of Brandenburg
1348:Articles of Schwabach
1331:
1316:
935:Swedish Bible Society
859:Guðbrandur Þorláksson
652:High church Lutherans
579:Lutheranism by region
477:Anointing of the Sick
412:Other relevant topics
395:Theology of the Cross
157:Doctrine and theology
4585:Words of Institution
4482:Leipzig Debate, 1519
3886:J. C. K. von Hofmann
3871:G. C. A. von Harless
3776:Lars Levi Laestadius
3480:Johann Salomo Semler
3442:Salzburg Protestants
3315:Matthias Hafenreffer
3205:John the Magnanimous
3175:Cyriacus Spangenberg
3123:Presentation of the
2980:Nicolaus von Amsdorf
2864:Presentation of the
2632:An Orthodox Response
2627:Christian Cyclopedia
2609:Concordia Cyclopedia
2391:Johann Michael Reu,
2368:Confutatio Augustana
2208:County of Schaumburg
2118:Electorate of Saxony
2020:Thirty-Nine Articles
1825:Of the Cause of Sin
1458:WeiĂźenburg in Bayern
1354:issued letters from
1295:in the 16th-century
1226:, also known as the
1111:Lars Levi Laestadius
1086:Johann Wilhelm Baier
883:Nils Vibe Stockfleth
854:Johannes Avetaranian
739:Lars Olsen Skrefsrud
517:Lutheran hymnwriters
4962:History of Augsburg
4915:Theologia Germanica
4681:Johann von Staupitz
4495:Diet of Worms, 1521
4380:Vom Schem Hamphoras
3993:Old Lutheran schism
3949:A. F. O. MĂĽnchmeyer
3881:Gottfried Thomasius
3499:Old TĂĽbingen school
3139:Liturgical struggle
3102:Magdeburg Centuries
3100:Publication of the
3090:Counter-Reformation
2960:Argula von Grumbach
2945:Johannes Bugenhagen
2866:Augsburg Confession
2707:Augsburg Confession
2623:Augsburg Confession
2603:Henry Eyster Jacobs
2599:Augsburg Confession
2579:Augsburg Confession
2549:Red Brick Parsonage
2512:Augsburg Confession
2472:Reu, Johann Michael
2363:Confessio Catholica
2350:Christianity portal
2311:Felix Mendelssohn's
2168:Bishopric of LĂĽbeck
2128:Free City of LĂĽbeck
2067:Schmalkaldic League
2046:Philipp Melanchthon
2008:Schmalkaldic League
1657:What The Church Is
1431:Francis of LĂĽneburg
1406:, the conciliatory
1377:Johannes Bugenhagen
1336:Philipp Melanchthon
1246:confession of faith
1241:Confessio Augustana
1228:Augustan Confession
1224:Augsburg Confession
1176:Wolfhart Pannenberg
1171:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
1026:Johannes Bugenhagen
864:Ludvig Olsen Fossum
549:Lutheran Conference
522:Normative principle
502:Liturgical calendar
230:Augsburg Confession
4716:Frederick the Wise
4701:Philip Melanchthon
4627:Katharina von Bora
4421:Erfurt Enchiridion
4214:Ninety-five Theses
4049:Gotthard Fritzsche
3911:F. H. R. von Frank
3901:Theodosius Harnack
3828:E. W. Hengstenberg
3791:N. F. S. Grundtvig
3786:Carl Olof Rosenius
3761:Paavo Ruotsalainen
3751:Hans Nielsen Hauge
3539:Julius Wegscheider
3330:Stephan Praetorius
3305:Nikolaus Selnecker
3282:Acceptance of the
3190:Victorinus Strigel
3160:Philip Melanchthon
3133:Formula of Concord
3055:Regensburg Interim
3050:Diet of Regensburg
3010:Frederick the Wise
3000:Stephan Praetorius
2985:Laurentius Andreae
2940:Philip Melanchthon
2935:Katharina von Bora
2828:Ninety-five Theses
2755:
2741:Formula of Concord
2569:in Latin with text
2338:
2324:was commissioned.
2038:
1988:
1800:millennial kingdom
1451:Wolfgang of Anhalt
1447:Ernest of LĂĽneburg
1412:bishop of Augsburg
1385:Holy Roman Emperor
1333:
1326:
1277:Holy Roman Emperor
1021:Philip Melanchthon
1016:Katharina von Bora
993:Johann Ernst GlĂĽck
953:Laurentius Andreae
844:George Constantine
788:Casiodoro de Reina
612:Lutheran orthodoxy
507:Calendar of saints
276:Formula of Concord
4924:
4923:
4888:, Washington D.C.
4696:Andreas Karlstadt
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4580:Sacramental union
4453:
4452:
4357:Smalcald Articles
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4118:
4117:
4018:H. E. F. Guericke
3972:
3971:
3843:Carl Paul Caspari
3766:Finnish Awakening
3662:
3661:
3582:Philip Marheineke
3554:Adolf von Harnack
3455:
3454:
3427:Christian Scriver
3406:Thirty Years' War
3254:
3253:
3195:Johannes Agricola
3080:Peace of Augsburg
3018:
3017:
3005:Johann Pfeffinger
2965:Petrus Särkilahti
2916:
2915:
2760:
2759:
2719:Smalcald Articles
2640:by Robert Kress (
2510:The full text of
2303:
2302:
2102:Years of adoption
2079:Peace of Augsburg
1963:
1962:
1944:Of Monastic Vows
1857:
1856:
1780:Of Civil Affairs
1767:Church holidays,
1416:Alfonso de Valdes
1352:Emperor Charles V
1289:Holy Roman Empire
1272:on 25 June 1530.
1244:, is the primary
1220:
1219:
1126:Søren Kierkegaard
776:Bible Translators
754:Paul Olaf Bodding
637:Finnish Awakening
427:
426:
403:Sacramental Union
382:Divine Providence
259:Smalcald Articles
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4969:
4878:Luther Monuments
4691:Karl von Miltitz
4671:Johann Cochlaeus
4645:
4637:
4635:Magdalena Luther
4629:
4621:
4402:
4401:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4095:C. F. W. Walther
4090:F. C. D. Wyneken
4023:G. P. E. Huschke
3983:
3982:
3959:Theodor Kliefoth
3876:J. W. F. Höfling
3816:
3815:
3671:
3670:
3559:Wilhelm Herrmann
3549:Albrecht Ritschl
3544:Wilhelm Gesenius
3468:
3467:
3396:Johannes Musaeus
3381:Johann HĂĽlsemann
3371:Jesper Brochmand
3366:Nicolaus Hunnius
3356:Abraham Calovius
3325:Aegidius Hunnius
3272:
3271:
3246:Crypto-Lutherans
3241:Gnesio-Lutherans
3221:Crypto-Calvinism
3200:Andreas Osiander
3185:Andreas Musculus
3180:Joachim Westphal
3165:Matthias Flacius
3065:Augsburg Interim
3060:Schmalkaldic War
3027:
3026:
2995:Laurentius Petri
2975:Stephan Agricola
2844:Marburg Colloquy
2820:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2703:Athanasian Creed
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2576:
2575:
2509:
2447:
2433:
2432:
2417:
2411:
2396:
2389:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2188:Mark Brandenburg
2106:
2105:
2071:Schmalkaldic War
1984:Wenceslas Hollar
1864:
1863:
1860:Abuses corrected
1525:
1524:
1318:Diet of Augsburg
1293:Ottoman invasion
1270:Diet of Augsburg
1212:
1205:
1198:
1136:Wilhelm Herrmann
1131:Albrecht Ritschl
1121:C. F. W. Walther
1106:Henry Muhlenberg
1076:Abraham Calovius
1061:Matthias Flacius
1046:Laurentius Petri
983:Mikołaj Jakubica
978:Antonio Brucioli
892:Laurentius Petri
769:Jens Christensen
764:Christian Keyser
729:F. C. D. Wyneken
607:Gnesio-Lutherans
602:Crypto-Lutherans
210:Athanasian Creed
161:
160:
115:
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4952:Book of Concord
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4897:
4892:Luther Monument
4886:Luther Monument
4872:
4786:
4782:Wartburg Castle
4725:
4676:Johann Reuchlin
4609:
4568:Marian theology
4459:
4449:
4400:
4350:Large Catechism
4334:Small Catechism
4201:
4183:
4178:
4148:
4139:
4114:
4105:F. W. Stellhorn
4080:J. A. A. Grabau
4063:
4032:
4013:Henrik Steffens
3968:
3964:Heinrich Hansen
3939:A. F. C. Vilmar
3925:
3896:K. F. A. Kahnis
3891:Franz Delitzsch
3857:
3805:
3732:
3658:
3632:
3606:
3602:Otto Pfleiderer
3563:
3520:
3494:
3451:
3410:
3386:J. C. Dannhauer
3376:Salomo Glassius
3351:J. A. Quenstedt
3334:
3320:Leonhard Hutter
3310:David Chytraeus
3290:Martin Chemnitz
3284:Book of Concord
3267:
3263:
3250:
3226:Sacramentarians
3209:
3170:Nicolaus Gallus
3148:
3131:Signing of the
3075:Peace of Passau
3070:Leipzig Interim
3014:
2970:Mikael Agricola
2912:
2876:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2761:
2756:
2745:
2705:
2693:Apostles' Creed
2684:
2681:Book of Concord
2676:
2573:
2502:
2454:
2452:Further reading
2430:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2348:
2341:
2330:
2308:
2104:
2092:Book of Concord
2087:Book of Concord
2012:King Henry VIII
1976:
1968:
1862:
1580:The Son of God
1523:
1514:
1512:The 28 articles
1509:
1496:Editio princeps
1487:Christian Beyer
1479:Christian Beyer
1425:, the Margrave
1423:Philip of Hesse
1404:Christian Beyer
1369:Philip of Hesse
1358:, inviting the
1322:Christian Beyer
1311:
1302:Book of Concord
1297:Siege of Vienna
1250:Lutheran Church
1216:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1156:Rudolf Bultmann
1151:Ernst Troeltsch
1141:F. W. Stellhorn
1066:Martin Chemnitz
1056:Mikael Agricola
1002:
998:William F. Beck
968:Jonas Bretkūnas
926:
922:Mikael Agricola
917:Sebastian Krelj
897:Martti Rautanen
834:William Tyndale
822:
793:Kjell Magne Yri
773:
719:Martti Rautanen
670:
662:
661:
622:Radical Pietism
592:
584:
583:
560:
557:
551:
548:
541:
533:
532:
531:
446:
445:
429:
428:
407:
391:
387:Marian theology
377:
368:
359:
345:
331:
313:
299:
279:
272:
263:
251:Large Catechism
243:
234:
220:Book of Concord
214:
200:Apostles' Creed
184:
158:
150:
149:
148:
123:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
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35:
28:
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4937:1530 documents
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4605:(1537 edition)
4599:
4594:
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4588:
4587:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4563:Law and Gospel
4560:
4554:
4549:
4546:Sola scriptura
4542:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4518:Luther's canon
4515:
4510:
4505:
4497:
4492:
4488:Exsurge Domine
4484:
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4310:Deutsche Messe
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4278:Formula missae
4274:
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4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4085:Wilhelm Sihler
4082:
4077:
4075:Martin Stephan
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4034:
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4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4008:Eduard Huschke
4005:
4003:J. G. Scheibel
4000:
3995:
3989:
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3913:
3908:
3906:C. E. Luthardt
3903:
3898:
3893:
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3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3833:F. A. Philippi
3830:
3824:
3822:
3820:Repristination
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3796:August Tholuck
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3742:
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3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3708:J. W. Petersen
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3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Georg Calixtus
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Johann Gerhard
3342:
3340:
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3333:
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3327:
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2839:Leipzig Debate
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2500:External links
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4406:List of hymns
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4181:Martin Luther
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4135:Homosexuality
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4054:Johann Flierl
4052:
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4028:Free churches
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3954:J. K. W. Löhe
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3838:F. G. Hedberg
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3781:Laestadianism
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3718:J. F. Buddeus
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3683:Martin Moller
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3462:or critical
3460:Speculative
3458:
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3432:V. E. Löscher
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3236:Ubiquitarians
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3144:Uppsala Synod
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3023:Early turmoil
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2526:Philip Schaff
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2514:at Wikisource
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2436:public domain
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2279:Uppsala Synod
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2218:Hessen-Kassel
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2148:Anhalt-Köthen
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2119:
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2111:
2108:
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2099:
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2057:
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2042:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1980:
1971:
1957:
1954:
1951:
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1946:
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1725:
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1714:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:truly present
1692:
1690:
1689:Lord's Supper
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1665:
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1599:
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1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:concupiscence
1563:
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1558:
1555:
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1546:
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1533:
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1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:Diet of Worms
1397:
1393:
1388:
1387:at the diet.
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1360:Imperial Diet
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:Martin Luther
1337:
1330:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
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1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:Robert Jenson
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:Hermann Sasse
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
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1129:
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1109:
1107:
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1099:
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1079:
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1059:
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1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:Martin Luther
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
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969:
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956:
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931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
902:PrimoĹľ Trubar
900:
898:
895:
893:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Jozef Roháček
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:Martin Luther
781:
780:
778:
777:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:Johann Flierl
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
674:
666:
665:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
647:Neo-Lutherans
645:
643:
642:Old Lutherans
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
588:
587:
580:
577:
575:
574:Denominations
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
559:
553:
550:
544:
543:
537:
536:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Lutheran hymn
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
441:
438:
437:
433:
432:
421:
420:Homosexuality
418:
417:
416:
415:
411:
410:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
374:
371:
370:
365:
362:
361:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
328:
327:
323:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
307:
305:
304:Justification
302:
301:
296:
293:
292:
290:
289:
286:
283:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
265:
260:
257:
256:
252:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
236:
231:
228:
227:
225:
224:
221:
218:
217:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
195:
194:
191:
188:
187:
181:
180:New Testament
178:
176:
175:Old Testament
173:
172:
170:
169:
166:
163:
162:
154:
153:
145:
144:Protestantism
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
119:
118:
114:
110:
109:
106:
103:
102:
98:
94:
93:
84:
81:
73:
70:November 2010
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4913:
4866:Luther and I
4865:
4857:
4849:
4841:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4801:
4752:Lutherstädte
4730:Luther sites
4686:Justus Jonas
4602:
4592:Antisemitism
4552:Two kingdoms
4544:
4537:
4512:
4500:
4487:
4427:
4419:
4388:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4265:(1522, 1534)
4262:Luther Bible
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4192:Bibliography
4044:August Kavel
3978:Old Lutheran
3921:Werner Elert
3916:Paul Althaus
3848:C. P. Krauth
3811:Neo-Lutheran
3746:J. G. Hamann
3723:J. A. Bengel
3703:P. J. Spener
3688:Johann Arndt
3637:Transitional
3461:
3283:
3132:
3124:
3101:
3038:
2955:Justus Jonas
2865:
2863:
2826:
2806:Start of the
2723:
2711:
2706:
2698:Nicene Creed
2679:
2578:
2529:
2485:
2475:
2458:
2441:
2392:
2387:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2016:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1969:
1908:Of the Mass
1885:
1873:Description
1585:Jesus Christ
1560:Original Sin
1534:Description
1515:
1494:
1492:
1483:Gregor BrĂĽck
1475:
1455:
1420:
1389:
1344:Justus Jonas
1334:
1317:
1300:
1274:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1161:Paul Tillich
1096:David Hollaz
1036:Justus Jonas
1014: /
1004:
1003:
988:Matthias Bel
890: /
871: /
775:
774:
673:Missionaries
672:
540:Organization
527:Lutheran art
467:Confirmation
350:Two kingdoms
324:
317:
249: /
229:
205:Nicene Creed
129:Christianity
76:
67:
48:
4909:Luther rose
4868:(2017 film)
4860:(2003 film)
4852:(1983 film)
4844:(1974 film)
4836:(1964 film)
4828:(1961 play)
4820:(1953 film)
4812:(1928 film)
4804:(1923 film)
4794:and theatre
4666:Georg Rörer
4643:Paul Luther
4472:Lutheranism
4467:Reformation
4100:H. A. Preus
3944:F. J. Stahl
3931:High Church
3771:Claus Harms
3728:G. C. Knapp
3693:Jakob Böhme
3437:J. M. Goeze
3401:J. W. Baier
3391:J. F. König
3231:Philippists
2990:Olaus Petri
2808:Reformation
2798:Lutheranism
2424:Works cited
2198:Mecklenburg
2138:WĂĽrttemberg
2056:John Calvin
1362:to meet in
1146:Rudolf Otto
1051:Olaus Petri
1041:Hans Tausen
1005:Theologians
958:Hans Tausen
888:Olaus Petri
839:John Rogers
803:Aster Ganno
704:Paul Henkel
669:Key figures
632:Laestadians
482:Holy Orders
442:and worship
355:catholicity
336:Christology
319:Sola gratia
139:Reformation
105:Lutheranism
62:introducing
4931:Categories
4747:Lutherhaus
4706:Pope Leo X
4638:(daughter)
4460:and events
4389:Table Talk
3998:Background
3756:Haugeanism
3464:theologies
3265:Scholastic
2494:0806608153
2467:0802824137
2414:Kolde 1914
2379:References
2262:1566/1580
2252:1566/1580
1966:Conclusion
1743:Sacraments
1711:Confession
1647:sacraments
1624:Good deeds
1470:Windesheim
1439:Reutlingen
1309:Background
873:Paul Egede
869:Hans Egede
813:Jákup Dahl
714:Karl Graul
689:Hans Egede
462:Confession
440:Sacraments
122:Background
45:references
4622:(parents)
4539:Sola fide
4387:Luther's
3738:Awakening
3577:Karl Daub
2922:Reformers
2322:a capella
2288:(also in
2158:Pomerania
2044:In 1540,
1812:Free Will
1769:calendars
1637:There is
1462:Heilbronn
1435:Nuremberg
1281:Charles V
1234:from its
1232:Augustana
591:Movements
472:Matrimony
457:Eucharist
4557:Beerwolf
4446:" (1543)
4439:" (1529)
3863:Erlangen
3667:Revivals
3611:Moderate
3569:Hegelian
3472:Wolffian
3447:Landlers
3260:Orthodox
3214:Factions
2584:LibriVox
2328:See also
2306:In music
2162:1534–35
2152:1534–35
1867:Article
1794:Judgment
1528:Article
1507:Contents
1364:Augsburg
627:Haugeans
617:Pietists
97:a series
95:Part of
4902:Related
4894:, Worms
4661:Erasmus
4123:Present
3986:Germany
3675:Pietist
3526:Kantian
3268:periods
3113:second)
2903:Iceland
2898:Germany
2893:Finland
2794:History
2625:in the
2532:at the
2438::
2294:Iceland
2286:Denmark
2272:Finland
2060:Variata
2051:Variata
1952:XXVIII
1687:Of the
1671:Baptism
1570:Baptism
1466:Kempten
1356:Bologna
1285:Germany
1268:at the
1248:of the
1230:or the
497:Vespers
452:Baptism
58:improve
4858:Luther
4842:Luther
4834:Luther
4826:Luther
4810:Luther
4630:(wife)
4614:People
4559:(1539)
4503:, 1521
4490:, 1520
4458:Topics
4432:(1524)
4424:(1524)
4416:(1524)
4392:(1566)
4383:(1543)
4375:(1543)
4367:(1539)
4359:(1537)
4353:(1529)
4345:(1529)
4337:(1529)
4329:(1529)
4321:(1528)
4313:(1526)
4305:(1526)
4297:(1525)
4289:(1525)
4281:(1523)
4273:(1523)
4257:(1522)
4249:(1520)
4241:(1520)
4233:(1520)
4225:(1518)
4217:(1517)
3153:People
3030:Events
2908:Sweden
2816:Events
2617:page 2
2613:page 1
2492:
2465:
2290:Norway
2270:(also
2268:Sweden
2258:Verden
2248:Bremen
1941:XXVII
1893:XXIII
1870:Title
1851:Saints
1807:XVIII
1643:gospel
1531:Title
1468:, and
1396:Coburg
1392:Torgau
1381:Torgau
1342:, and
1258:German
1238:name,
492:Matins
190:Creeds
47:, but
4646:(son)
4206:Works
3275:Early
2642:JSTOR
2522:Latin
2299:1665
2242:1573
2232:1568
2212:1559
2202:1549
2192:1539
2172:1535
2142:1534
2132:1530
2122:1530
2109:State
1929:XXVI
1905:XXIV
1878:XXII
1789:XVII
1735:XIII
1654:VIII
1262:Latin
1236:Latin
165:Bible
4792:Film
3415:Late
3339:High
2490:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2292:and
1917:XXV
1844:XXI
1822:XIX
1777:XVI
1750:XIV
1741:The
1720:XII
1631:VII
1577:III
1481:and
1437:and
1275:The
1260:and
1222:The
3262:and
2796:of
2591:by
2528:'s
2520:in
1886:and
1833:XX
1810:Of
1761:XV
1728:Law
1709:Of
1706:XI
1669:Of
1666:IX
1617:VI
1592:IV
1556:II
1543:God
1320:by
4933::
2615:)(
2484:,
2474:,
2400:^
2062:.
1701:.
1684:X
1606:V
1539:I
1464:,
1460:,
1418:.
1410:,
1338:,
1305:.
1279:,
99:on
4442:"
4435:"
4173:e
4166:t
4159:v
2786:e
2779:t
2772:v
2671:e
2664:t
2657:v
2644:)
2619:)
2611:(
2416:.
2296:)
2274:)
1986:.
1324:.
1211:e
1204:t
1197:v
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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