133:
efferent representations (referring to intended events). Such representations are commensurate since they both exhibit distal reference. They permit creating linkages between perception and action that do not rely on arbitrary mappings. Common coding conceives action planning in terms of operations that determine intended future events from given current events (matching between event codes and action codes). In particular perception and action may modulate each other by virtue of similarity. Unlike rule-based mapping of incommensurate codes which requires preceding acquisition of mapping rules, similarity-based matching of commensurate codes requires no such preceding rule acquisition.
174:. As concerns mirror systems, common coding seems to reflect the functional logic of mirror neurons and mechanisms in the brain. As concerns embodied cognition, common coding is compatible with the claim that meaning is embodied, i.e. grounded in perception and action. Common coding theory has further sparked refined theoretical frameworks that build on its notion of a shared representational format for action and perception. A recent example for these refinements is the
153:
learning) that they may result from certain movements, perception of these events may evoke the movements leading to them (Ideomotor control). The distinction between learning and control is equivalent to the distinction between forward and inverse computation in motor learning and control. Ideomotor learning supports prediction and anticipation of action outcomes, given current action. Ideomotor control supports selection and control of action, given intended outcomes.
149:(1852), the common coding theory posits that actions are represented in terms of their perceptual consequences. Actions are represented like any other events, the sole distinctive feature being that they are (or can be) generated through bodily movements. Perceivable action consequences may vary on two major dimensions: resident vs. remote effects, and 'cool' versus 'hot' outcomes (i.e., reward values associated with action outcomes).
93:
representations. First, representations for observed and executed actions should rely on a shared neural substrate. Second, a common cognitive system predicts facilitation of action based on directly prior perception and vice versa. Third, such a system predicts interference effects when action and perception attempt to access shared representations simultaneously.
165:
and action perception have made a case for motor contributions to perception. Close non-representational connections between perception and action have also been claimed by ecological approaches. Today common coding theory is closely related to research and theory in two intersecting fields of study:
104:
For instance, one functional MRI study demonstrated that the brain's response to the 2/3 power law of motion (i.e., which dictates a strong coupling between movement curvature and velocity) is much stronger and more widespread than to other types of motion. Compliance with this law was reflected in
26:
theory describing how perceptual representations (e.g. of things we can see and hear) and motor representations (e.g. of hand actions) are linked. The theory claims that there is a shared representation (a common code) for both perception and action. More important, seeing an event activates the
116:
One of the most direct evidence for common coding in the brain now stems from the fact that pattern classifiers that can differentiate based on brain activity whether someone has performed action A or B can also classify, above chance, whether that person heard the sound of action A or B, thereby
152:
When individuals perform actions they learn what their movements lead to (Ideomotor learning). The ideomotor theory claims that these associations can also be used in the reverse order (cf. William James, 1890 II, p. 526): When individuals perceive events of which they know (from previous
132:
Common coding posits, on top of separate coding, further domains of representation in which afferent and efferent information share the same format and dimensionality of representation. Common coding refers to 'late' afferent representations (referring to events in the environment) and 'early'
92:
should activate action representations to the degree that the perceived and the represented action are similar. Such a claim suggests that we represent observed, executed and imagined actions in a commensurate manner and makes specific predictions regarding the nature of action and perceptual
70:. In this model, perception and action do not interact directly, instead cognitive processing is needed to convert perceptual representations into action. For example, this might require creating arbitrary linkages (mapping between sensory and motor codes).
84:, claims parity between perception and action. Its core assumption is that actions are coded in terms of the perceivable effects (i.e., the distal perceptual events) they should generate. This theory also states that
105:
the activation of a large network of brain areas subserving motor production, visual motion processing, and action observation functions. These results support the common coding and the notion of similar
50:
is a means to perception. Indeed, the vertebrate brain has evolved for governing motor activity with the basic function to transform sensory patterns into patterns of motor coordination.
559:
Sommerville, J. A.; Decety, J. (2006). "Weaving the fabric of social interaction: Articulating developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience in the domain of motor cognition".
81:
1056:
Frings, C., Hommel, B., Koch, I., Rothermund, K., Dignath, D., Giesen, C., Kiesel, A., Kunde, W., Mayr, S., Moeller, B., Möller, M., Pfister, R., & Philipp, A.:
896:
Fowler, C. A.; Turvey, M. T. (1982). "Observational perspective and descriptive level in perceiving and acting". In Weimer, W. B.; Palermo, D. S. (eds.).
744:
Hommel, B.; MĂĽsseler, J.; Aschersleben, G.; Prinz, W. (2001). "The theory of event coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning".
161:
While most traditional approaches tend to stress the relative independence of perception and action, some theories have argued for closer links.
779:
Dickinson, A.; Balleine, B. W. (2002). "The role of learning in the operation of motivational systems". In
Pashler, H.; Gallistel, R. (eds.).
670:
Dijksterhuis, A.; Bargh, J.A. (2001). "The perception-behavior expressway: automatic effects of social perception on social behavior".
175:
120:
In the early 21st century, the common coding theory received increased interest from researchers in developmental psychology,
73:
In contrast, the common coding account claims that perception and action are directly linked by a common computational code.
836:
Viviani, P. (2002). "Motor competence in the perception of dynamic events: A tutorial". In Prinz, W.; Hommel, B. (eds.).
317:
Massaro, D. W. (1990). "An information-processing analysis of perception and action". In
Neumann, O.; Prinz, W. (eds.).
1105:
1086:
998:
930:
905:
845:
820:
788:
701:
654:
351:
326:
282:
162:
101:
From the year 2000 onwards, a growing number of results have been interpreted in favor of the common coding theory.
58:
The classical approach to cognition is a 'sandwich' model which assumes three stages of information processing:
1124:
394:
Knoblich, G.; Flach, R. (2001). "Predicting the effects of actions: interactions of perception and action".
1144:
1139:
273:
Prinz, W. (1984). "Modes of linkage between perception and action". In Prinz, W.; Sanders, A.-F. (eds.).
602:
Jackson, P.L.; Decety, J. (2004). "Motor cognition: A new paradigm to investigate social interactions".
1134:
27:
action associated with that event, and performing an action activates the associated perceptual event.
208:
1154:
1149:
188:
121:
30:
The idea of direct perception-action links originates in the work of the
American psychologist
1129:
443:"Neural representations of kinematic laws of motion: Evidence for action-perception coupling"
1027:
959:
513:
454:
203:
23:
342:
Prinz, W. (2005). "Experimental approaches to action". In
Roessler, J.; Eilan, N. (eds.).
8:
89:
67:
47:
517:
458:
117:
demonstrating that action execution and perception are represented using a common code.
1039:
971:
878:
627:
584:
536:
501:
477:
442:
419:
193:
171:
683:
1101:
1082:
1031:
994:
963:
926:
901:
841:
816:
808:
784:
761:
697:
650:
619:
576:
541:
502:"Testing Simulation Theory with Cross-Modal Multivariate Classification of fMRI Data"
482:
411:
347:
322:
278:
233:
110:
1043:
882:
631:
588:
1023:
975:
955:
870:
753:
726:
687:
679:
611:
568:
531:
521:
472:
462:
423:
403:
376:
248:
243:
38:. Sperry argued that the perception–action cycle is the fundamental logic of the
526:
213:
874:
804:
615:
167:
77:
39:
757:
730:
1118:
253:
218:
146:
142:
106:
31:
467:
407:
1035:
967:
765:
623:
580:
545:
486:
415:
238:
223:
35:
438:
437:
Eran Dayan, E.; Casile, A.; Levit-Binnun, N.; Giese, M.A.; Hendler, T.;
692:
572:
228:
85:
59:
43:
380:
838:
Common mechanisms in perception and action: Attention and
Performance
63:
34:
and more recently, American neurophysiologist and Nobel prize winner
840:. Vol. XIX. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 406–442.
946:
Rizzolatti, G.; Craighero, L. (2004). "The mirror-neuron system".
811:(2004). "Computational motor control". In Gazzaniga, M. S. (ed.).
436:
198:
42:. Perception and action processes are functionally intertwined:
900:. Vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 1–19.
743:
319:
Relationships between perception and action: Current approaches
861:
Liberman, A. M. (1982). "On finding that speech is special".
647:
Stimulus-response compatibility: Data, theory and application
815:(3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 485–494.
717:
Prinz, W (1992). "Why don't we perceive our brain states?".
298:
Sperry, R.W. (1952). "Neurology and the mind-body problem".
82:
Max Planck
Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
1077:
Morsella, E.; Bargh, J.A.; Gollwitzer, P.M., eds. (2009).
1076:
783:. Vol. 3. New York: John Wiley. pp. 497–533.
346:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 165–187.
367:
Prinz, W. (1997). "Perception and action planning".
945:
499:
803:
778:
669:
558:
1116:
1058:Binding and retrieval in action control (BRAC).
500:Etzel, J. A.; Gazzola, V.; Keysers, C. (2008).
1050:
1014:Barsalou, L. W. (2008). "Grounded cognition".
176:Binding and retrieval in action control (BRAC)
127:
1095:
601:
393:
96:
923:The ecological approach to visual perception
895:
781:Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology
672:Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
691:
644:
535:
525:
476:
466:
1013:
860:
719:European Journal of Cognitive Psychology
369:European Journal of Cognitive Psychology
321:. New York: Springer. pp. 133–166.
277:. New York: Springer. pp. 185–193.
835:
316:
1117:
1096:Roessler, J.; Eilan, N., eds. (2003).
1028:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639
960:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230
920:
297:
136:
1100:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1081:. New York: Oxford University Press.
716:
366:
341:
272:
156:
141:In line with the ideomotor theory of
898:Cognition and the symbolic processes
988:
124:, robotics, and social psychology.
13:
1070:
14:
1166:
561:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
1079:Oxford Handbook of Human Action
1007:
982:
939:
914:
889:
854:
829:
797:
772:
737:
710:
663:
638:
604:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
595:
552:
493:
430:
387:
360:
335:
310:
291:
266:
1:
948:Annual Review of Neuroscience
746:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
684:10.1016/S0065-2601(01)80003-4
275:Cognition and motor processes
260:
53:
1062:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
925:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
527:10.1371/journal.pone.0003690
80:and his colleagues from the
76:This theory, put forward by
7:
1064:, Nr. 24, 2020, p. 375–387.
1016:Annual Review of Psychology
813:The cognitive neurosciences
181:
128:Commensurate representation
16:Cognitive psychology theory
10:
1171:
875:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.148
616:10.1016/j.conb.2004.01.020
97:Evidence for common coding
1098:Agency and self-awareness
758:10.1017/s0140525x01000103
731:10.1080/09541449208406240
645:Proctor & Vu (2006).
344:Agency and self-awareness
209:Mental practice of action
46:is a means to action and
649:. Taylor & Francis.
163:Motor theories of speech
468:10.1073/pnas.0710033104
408:10.1111/1467-9280.00387
921:Gibson, J. J. (1979).
189:Affective neuroscience
122:cognitive neuroscience
863:American Psychologist
396:Psychological Science
1125:Cognitive psychology
991:Action in Perception
204:Lawrence W. Barsalou
24:cognitive psychology
20:Common coding theory
1145:Action (philosophy)
518:2008PLoSO...3.3690E
459:2007PNAS..10420582D
453:(51): 20582–20587.
137:Ideomotor principle
1140:Enactive cognition
573:10.3758/bf03193831
300:American Scientist
194:Embodied cognition
172:embodied cognition
157:Related approaches
1135:Cognitive science
381:10.1080/713752551
234:Predictive coding
111:motion perception
1162:
1111:
1092:
1065:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1011:
1005:
1004:
989:Noë, A. (2004).
986:
980:
979:
943:
937:
936:
918:
912:
911:
893:
887:
886:
858:
852:
851:
833:
827:
826:
801:
795:
794:
776:
770:
769:
741:
735:
734:
714:
708:
707:
695:
667:
661:
660:
642:
636:
635:
599:
593:
592:
556:
550:
549:
539:
529:
497:
491:
490:
480:
470:
434:
428:
427:
391:
385:
384:
364:
358:
357:
339:
333:
332:
314:
308:
307:
295:
289:
288:
270:
249:Vittorio Guidano
244:Social cognition
113:and production.
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1155:Motor cognition
1115:
1114:
1108:
1089:
1073:
1071:Further reading
1068:
1055:
1051:
1012:
1008:
1001:
987:
983:
944:
940:
933:
919:
915:
908:
894:
890:
859:
855:
848:
834:
830:
823:
802:
798:
791:
777:
773:
742:
738:
715:
711:
704:
668:
664:
657:
643:
639:
600:
596:
557:
553:
498:
494:
435:
431:
392:
388:
365:
361:
354:
340:
336:
329:
315:
311:
296:
292:
285:
271:
267:
263:
258:
214:Motor cognition
184:
159:
139:
130:
99:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1113:
1112:
1107:978-0199245628
1106:
1093:
1088:978-0195309980
1087:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1049:
1006:
999:
981:
938:
931:
913:
906:
888:
869:(2): 148–167.
853:
846:
828:
821:
809:Ghahramani, Z.
796:
789:
771:
752:(5): 849–878.
736:
709:
702:
662:
655:
637:
594:
567:(2): 179–200.
551:
492:
429:
402:(6): 467–472.
386:
375:(2): 129–154.
359:
352:
334:
327:
309:
290:
283:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
183:
180:
168:Mirror neurons
158:
155:
138:
135:
129:
126:
98:
95:
78:Wolfgang Prinz
55:
52:
40:nervous system
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1167:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Motor control
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1002:
1000:0-262-14088-8
996:
993:. MIT Press.
992:
985:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
942:
934:
932:0-395-27049-9
928:
924:
917:
909:
907:0-89859-066-3
903:
899:
892:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
849:
847:0-19-851069-1
843:
839:
832:
824:
822:0-262-07254-8
818:
814:
810:
806:
800:
792:
790:0-471-38047-4
786:
782:
775:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
705:
703:9780120152339
699:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
658:
656:0-415-31536-0
652:
648:
641:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
598:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
555:
547:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
519:
515:
512:(11): e3690.
511:
507:
503:
496:
488:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
433:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
390:
382:
378:
374:
370:
363:
355:
353:0-19-924561-4
349:
345:
338:
330:
328:0-387-52069-4
324:
320:
313:
305:
301:
294:
286:
284:0-387-12855-7
280:
276:
269:
265:
255:
254:William James
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
219:Motor imagery
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
179:
177:
173:
169:
164:
154:
150:
148:
147:Hermann Lotze
144:
143:William James
134:
125:
123:
118:
114:
112:
108:
107:neural coding
102:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
69:
65:
61:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:William James
28:
25:
21:
1130:Neuroscience
1097:
1078:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1019:
1015:
1009:
990:
984:
951:
947:
941:
922:
916:
897:
891:
866:
862:
856:
837:
831:
812:
799:
780:
774:
749:
745:
739:
722:
718:
712:
675:
671:
665:
646:
640:
607:
603:
597:
564:
560:
554:
509:
505:
495:
450:
446:
432:
399:
395:
389:
372:
368:
362:
343:
337:
318:
312:
303:
299:
293:
274:
268:
239:Roger Sperry
224:Neuroscience
170:systems and
160:
151:
140:
131:
119:
115:
103:
100:
75:
72:
57:
36:Roger Sperry
29:
19:
18:
1022:: 617–645.
954:: 169–192.
805:Wolpert, D.
693:2066/207586
178:framework.
145:(1890) and
1119:Categories
610:(2): 1–5.
306:: 291–312.
261:References
229:Pragmatism
86:perception
60:perception
54:Background
44:perception
439:Flash, T.
66:and then
64:cognition
1044:22345373
1036:17705682
968:15217330
883:14469676
766:12239891
725:: 1–20.
678:: 1–40.
632:36205586
624:15082334
589:14689479
581:16892982
546:18997869
506:PLOS ONE
487:18079289
441:(2007).
416:11760133
182:See also
976:1729870
537:2577733
514:Bibcode
478:2154474
455:Bibcode
424:9061659
199:Empathy
1104:
1085:
1042:
1034:
997:
974:
966:
929:
904:
881:
844:
819:
787:
764:
700:
653:
630:
622:
587:
579:
544:
534:
485:
475:
422:
414:
350:
325:
281:
90:action
88:of an
68:action
48:action
1040:S2CID
972:S2CID
879:S2CID
628:S2CID
585:S2CID
420:S2CID
22:is a
1102:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1060:In:
1032:PMID
995:ISBN
964:PMID
927:ISBN
902:ISBN
842:ISBN
817:ISBN
785:ISBN
762:PMID
698:ISBN
651:ISBN
620:PMID
577:PMID
542:PMID
483:PMID
447:PNAS
412:PMID
348:ISBN
323:ISBN
279:ISBN
109:for
1024:doi
956:doi
871:doi
754:doi
727:doi
688:hdl
680:doi
612:doi
569:doi
532:PMC
522:doi
473:PMC
463:doi
451:104
404:doi
377:doi
1121::
1038:.
1030:.
1020:59
1018:.
970:.
962:.
952:27
950:.
877:.
867:37
865:.
807:;
760:.
750:24
748:.
721:.
696:.
686:.
676:33
674:.
626:.
618:.
608:14
606:.
583:.
575:.
565:13
563:.
540:.
530:.
520:.
508:.
504:.
481:.
471:.
461:.
449:.
445:.
418:.
410:.
400:12
398:.
371:.
304:40
302:.
62:,
1110:.
1091:.
1046:.
1026::
1003:.
978:.
958::
935:.
910:.
885:.
873::
850:.
825:.
793:.
768:.
756::
733:.
729::
723:4
706:.
690::
682::
659:.
634:.
614::
591:.
571::
548:.
524::
516::
510:3
489:.
465::
457::
426:.
406::
383:.
379::
373:9
356:.
331:.
287:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.