739:
challenged the energy monopolists there, and successfully created a successful co-op social enterprise by 1999. A citizen's group began operating wind turbines and involving broad community ownership in the U.K. by 1995. Deregulation of the electricity markets allowed energy co-operative social entrepreneurs to begin to create alternatives to the monopolies in various countries. In France, where an enormous percentage of the power is generated by nuclear sources, this occurred after 2000. In Spain, wind power was developed by corporate-led efforts, and it took longer for a renewable energy-focused social enterprise to get established. Similar renewable energy co-ops around Europe have organized in a network.
692:
585:, a teacher, recognized the need for a separate women's organization within the Cooperative Movement and began organizing a "Woman's League for the Spread of Co-operation" in 1883. This League formally met for the first time during the 1883 Co-operative Congress in Edinburgh in a group of 50 women and established Acland as its organizing secretary. By 1884 it had six different branches with 195 members, and the League was renamed the Women's Cooperative Guild.
294:
416:
640:
general theory. David
Ellerman began a line of theoretical thinking beginning with legal principles, developing especially the labor theory of property, and later reaching a treatment which evaluates the role of capital in labor managed firms using the conventional economic production formula Q = f(K, L). At one point in the 1990s he worked at the World Bank with Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz.
515:
together. In New York City, several food co-operatives were founded around 2010, adding to others, some existing since the 1970s. The U.S. has some diverse worker co-operatives, such as a home care agency, an organic bread factory co-op and an engineering firm. Some have already incorporated environmental and/or Fair Trade criteria into their products, such as the aforementioned bread-maker,
271:, England, that was formed in 1844. As the mechanization of the Industrial Revolution was forcing more and more skilled workers into poverty, these tradesmen decided to band together to open their own store selling food items they could not otherwise afford. With lessons from prior failed attempts at co-operation in mind, they designed the now famous
661:. Mondragon Co-op was founded under the oppressive conditions of Fascist Franco Spain after community-based democracy-building activities of a priest, Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta. They have become an extremely diverse network of co-operative enterprises, a huge enterprise in Spain, and a multinational concern. Co-operatives were also successful in
210:. It was here that the first co-operative store was opened. Spurred on by the success of this, he had the idea of forming "villages of co-operation" where workers would drag themselves out of poverty by growing their own food, making their own clothes and ultimately becoming self-governing. He tried to form such communities in
589:
cooperative movement." The Guild also opened the
Sunderland cooperative store in 1902, which catered to poor working-class women. It engaged in many political campaigns concerning women's health, women's suffrage and pacifism. Until recently the organisation participated in social justice activism, but has now closed.
439:" – new members who joined simply to make money from the sale – and more seriously fraud and commercial leaks. After a lengthy battle, Regan's bid was seen off and two senior CWS executives were dismissed and imprisoned for fraud. Regan was cleared of charges. The episode recharged CWS and its membership base.
722:, especially in the farming and industrial sectors. Co-housing is also common in Denmark in which residents share a common eating and gathering space. In some instances, the living spaces are financed by the Danish Housing Association, but other times residents collectively own the land and property.
249:, but rather to form a society within a society, and to start with a shop because, "We must go to a shop every day to buy food and necessaries – why then should we not go to our own shop?" He proposed sensible rules, such as having a weekly account audit, having 3 trustees, and not having meetings in
197:
Robert Owen (1771–1858) is considered as the father of the cooperative movement. A Welshman who made his fortune in the cotton trade, Owen believed in putting his workers in a good environment with access to education for themselves and their children. These ideas were put into effect successfully in
635:
Co-operatives in the U.S. have a long history, including an early factory in the 1790s. By the 1860s
Brigham Young had started applying co-operative ideas in Utah, and by the 1880s, the Knights of Labor and the Grange both promoted member-owned organizations. Energy co-operatives were founded in the
489:
The United States first known Co-op was the mutual fire insurance company founded in 1752 by
Benjamin Franklin. The first dairy co-op was founded in 1810 with small locals found nationwide by 1866. The first known consumer co-op in 1845 was Boston's Workingman's Protective Union. The country's first
738:
Renewable Energy co-operatives in Europe became important in the early development of windpower in
Denmark beginning in the 1970s. Germany followed in the early 1990s, first on a larger scale with wind co-ops, then with a citizen's movement which challenged the reliance on nuclear power, organized,
639:
James
Warbasse, an American doctor, became the first president of the U.S. National Co-operative Business Association. He wrote extensively on co-operative history and philosophy. Benjamin Ward began an important effort in co-operative economic theory in the 1950s, with Jaroslav Vanek developing a
631:
Raiffeisen and
Schultz-Delitsch developed an independently formulated co-operative model in Germany, the credit union. The model also moved abroad, reaching the United States by the 1880s and the Knights of Labour's projects. Leland Stanford, the railroad magnate and Robber Baron, became a Senator
557:
An alternative method of employee-ownership, the
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), was developed in the U.S. by Louis Kelso and advocated by Senator Russell Long to be incentivized in the ERISA law of 1974. For example, a large Southeastern US supermarket chain a California manufacturer, and a
279:
per person for a total of 28 pounds of capital. On
December 21, 1844, they opened their store with a very meagre selection of butter, sugar, flour, oatmeal and a few candles. Within three months, they expanded their selection to include tea and tobacco, and they were soon known for providing high
747:
in Japan, and the Self-Employed Women's
Association in India. Other noteworthy efforts include Sophon Suphapong's efforts as governor in Thailand with agricultural co-ops and Antonio Yapsutco Fortich's contributions in the Philippines helping formulate a co-operative strategy with sugar workers.
742:
Asian societies have adapted the co-operative model, including some of the most successful in the world. Nevertheless, the crises generated by traditional inequalities and the shareholder model continues to require civil society and entrepreneurial responses, such as the Citizens Coalition for
530:
in 2012. However, the majority in the U.S. demonstrate that co-operative values do not necessarily lead to a progressive social and environmental consciousness, as many remain focuses on fossil fuel and nuclear fuels. Nevertheless, new generation renewable power co-operatives have begun to be
514:
The co-operative model has a long history in the U.S., including a factory in the 1790s, the Knights of Labor, and the Grange. In Colorado, the Meadowlark cooperative administered the only private free land program in the United States, providing many services to its members who buy and sell
588:
The Guild organized around working women's issues and expanding the Cooperative Movement. It continued to publish articles advocating for women's involvement in the Cooperative Movement in the "Women's Corner," and later through its own publications such as "The importance of women for the
498:
that started after the Civil War. The co-operative movement grew during the 1890s in response to the expansion of large corporate monopolies. The country's first credit unions were in Massachusetts while The Cooperative League of the United States of America, known today as the
549:
In the United States, a co-operative association was founded by 1920. Currently there are over 29,000 co-operatives employing 2 million people with over $ 652 billion in annual revenue. To address the need for an organization oriented to newer and smaller co-ops, the
648:
Co-operative enterprises were formed successfully following Rochdale, and an international association was formed in 1895. Co-operative enterprises are now widespread, with one of the largest and most successful examples being the industrial
136:
By 1830, there were several hundred co-operatives. Some were initially successful, but most cooperatives founded in the early 19th century had failed by 1840. However, Lockhurst Lane Industrial Co-operative Society (founded in 1832 and now
1884:
636:
U.S. during the Depression and the New Deal. Diverse kinds of co-operatives were founded and have continued to perform successfully in different areas: in agriculture, wholesale purchasing, telephones, and in consumer-food buying.
245:, the first edition of which appeared on 1 May 1828. This gave a mixture of co-operative philosophy and practical advice about running a shop using cooperative principles. King advised people not to cut themselves off from
2825:
522:
Credit unions were established in the U.S. by 1908. Their member-owned, co-operative structure created stable governance structure, so that they were only slightly affected by the 2008 mortgage securities crisis.
451:, made major recommendations for the co-operative movement, including the organisation and marketing of the retail societies. It was in this climate that, in 2000, CWS merged with the UK's second largest society,
236:
Although Owen inspired the co-operative movement, others – such as Dr. William King (1786–1865) – took his ideas and made them more workable and practical. King believed in starting small, and realized that the
754:
Co-operatives were brought to Latin America and developed there by 1902. Substantial independent efforts to develop employee-owned enterprises or co-operatives have occurred as responses to crises, such as
408:. By 1872, it had become known as the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS). Through the 20th century, smaller societies merged with CWS, such as the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society (1973) and the
766:
The Fair Trade certification movement established first in the Netherlands in 1988 with an international headquarters in Bonn nine years later requires member farmers to have established a co-operative.
729:("Mitbestimmung") policies which were established, requiring large companies to include a Workers' Council in the Board of Directors. These policies have had some influence on European Union policies.
558:
furniture-maker with earnings of more than $ 2 billion, are employee-owned. Employee-owned trusts have also been developed more or less independently, for example at an established iron pipe company
1880:
1428:
632:
and advocated for co-operatives. By 1920 a national association had formed in the U.S. This organization began to develop international programs, and by the 1970s, a World Council formed.
396:
The Co-operative Group formed gradually over 140 years from the merger of many independent retail societies, and their wholesale societies and federations. In 1863, twenty years after the
732:
Emilia Romagna, Italy had two separate and strong co-operative traditions that resisted Cold War interference by US agencies and have worked effectively in conjunction with each other.
2138:
1349:
1605:
2822:
933:
735:
Co-operative banks have become very successful throughout Europe, and were able to respond more effectively than most corporate banks during the 2008 mortgage-securities crisis.
2959:
473:
Other independent societies are part owners of the Group. Representatives of the societies that part own the Group are elected to the Group's national board. The Group manages
2502:
2477:
2325:
1378:
2806:
526:
Electrical co-operatives became an important economic strategy for U.S. rural areas beginning in the 1930s, and continue to operate successfully through events such as
2851:
3000:
2941:
Muriel Calo and Timothy A. Wise, "Revaluing Peasant Coffee Production: Organic and Fair Trade Markets in Mexico", Global and Environment Institute, October 2005.
1960:
808:
1961:"From Illyria towards capitalism: did labour-management theory teach us anything about Yugoslavia and transition in its successor states? – Free Online Library"
725:
In Germany, the rebuilding of the country after World War II created a legislative opportunity in which politician Hans Boeckler significantly lobbied for the
1459:
1157:
42:, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement began with the application of cooperative principles to business organization.
1438:
495:
311:
2162:
431:
By the 1990s, CWS's share of the market had declined considerably and many came to doubt the viability of co-operative model. CWS sold its factories to
1663:
133:
In the decades that followed, several cooperatives or cooperative societies formed including Lennoxtown Friendly Victualling Society, founded in 1812.
3071:
Digital Collection on the History of Cooperatives in Utah: "Extension, Enterprise, and Education: the Legacy of Co-operatives and Cooperation in Utah"
73:, when local weavers manhandled a sack of oatmeal into John Walker's whitewashed front room and began selling the contents at a discount, forming the
2058:
2429:
358:
1716:
1307:
551:
466:
railway station. The complex is made up of many different buildings with two notable tower blocks of New Century House and the solar panel-clad
330:
2418:
Larsen, J.H.M., et al., "Experiences from Middelgrunden 40 MW Offshore Wind Farm", Copenhagen Offshore Wind Conference, DK, 26–28 October 2005.
744:
2722:
2693:
1544:
2135:
3668:
1341:
703:
in the early 20th century to represent members of co-ops in Parliament. The Co-operative Party now has a permanent electoral pact with the
598:
337:
1602:
1190:
2527:
2506:
2481:
911:
2925:
2836:
2951:
2589:
1851:
1073:
937:
500:
481:(CRTG), which sources and promotes goods for food stores. There is a similar purchasing group (CTTG) for co-operative travel agents.
344:
152:" on which they ran their cooperative, that the basis for development and growth of the modern cooperative movement was established.
2317:
1331:
Righter, R.W. “The Jacobs Brothers, Montana’s Pioneer ‘Windsmiths.’” Montana: The Magazine of Western History, 46:4, Winter, 1996.
1120:
241:
would need to set up co-operatives for themselves, so he saw his role as one of instruction. He founded a monthly periodical called
3607:
2347:"University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives – The cooperative economics of Italy's Emilia-Romagna holds a lesson for the U.S."
1370:
1081:
662:
54:
and the increasing mechanisation of the economy transformed society and threatened the livelihoods of many workers. The concurrent
3098:
2238:
847:
2897:
326:
3632:
3506:
2803:
2751:
2033:
1022:
654:
141:), and Galashiels and Hawick Co-operative Societies (1839 or earlier, merged with The Co-operative Group) still trade today.
138:
17:
2848:
3759:
3684:
2216:
1749:
1047:
650:
167:(1864, rural). While Schulze-Delitzsch is chronologically earlier, Raiffeisen has proven more influential over time – see
3194:
3065:
882:
409:
3060:
2350:
2191:
1515:
1915:
1018:
959:
2635:
1931:
1795:
1622:
989:
3311:
1690:
1238:
1124:
684:
businesses. There are also concrete proposals for the cooperative management of the common goods, such as the one by
478:
377:
3185:
2994:
For All The People: Uncovering the Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America
756:
2660:
2610:
2552:
1149:
400:
opened their co-operative, the North of England Co-operative Society was launched by 300 individual co-ops across
1796:"Brigham Young, Leader of Cooperative Economics – The Boy Scout | Utah National Parks Council Official Blog"
1774:
602:
351:
160:
3658:
3653:
3576:
3199:
2876:
2154:
1647:
774:
inscribed "Idea and practice of organizing shared interests in cooperatives" on the Representative List of the
572:
467:
315:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3749:
3663:
1227:
793:
567:
503:
was organized in 1916 to promote cooperatives. In the late 1960s the Co-op movement entered a new phase with
3066:
Over 160 rulebooks of co-operative societies from Great Britain and Ireland, 1877–1921, are available online
1667:
1466:
763:
process lead to the articulation of Solidarity Economics, a modern, activist formulation of co-operativism.
3622:
3375:
3335:
3238:
1255:"Cooperative Home Care Associates: Participation with 1600 Employees | Grassroots Economic Organizing"
775:
452:
164:
2779:
2296:
2259:
2066:
1262:
3551:
3271:
3160:
3091:
719:
463:
420:
74:
1494:
1407:
3151:
2095:
Guadano, J.F., "Analysis of the Economic Differences Between Capitalist and Labour-Owned Enterprises",
1311:
3690:
3401:
3171:
1984:
Ellerman, David (1 December 2004). "The Role of Capital in 'Capitalist' and in Labor-Managed Firms".
788:
539:
2398:
2010:
3702:
3612:
3298:
2714:
2685:
803:
751:
The International Labor Organization, originally established in 1919, has a Co-operative Division.
676:
In many European countries, cooperative institutions have a predominant market share in the retail
231:
168:
50:
The cooperative movement began in Europe in the 19th century, primarily in Britain and France. The
1720:
1548:
3531:
2531:
444:
304:
81:
2379:
Capella, P. "Cooperative Banks Club Together and Thrive in Crisis", Swisster.ch, 17 October 2008
2370:
Fonteyne, W. Cooperative Banks in Europe- Policy Issues. IMF Working Paper WP/07/159, July 2007.
1859:
3526:
3316:
3181:
3166:
3084:
823:
474:
391:
70:
3070:
1179:
1085:
715:, insurance, banking, funeral services, and the travel industry in many parts of the country.
3754:
3408:
3354:
3344:
3321:
3286:
3281:
1997:
1989:
907:
798:
51:
2922:
2833:
435:
in 1994. Regan returned in 1997 with a £1.2 billion bid for CWS. There were allegations of "
3413:
3349:
3261:
3142:
708:
511:
as an alternative to corporate agriculture that linked organic farmers to urban consumers.
215:
127:
66:
2581:
2454:"Ursula Sladek – Goldman Environmental Foundation : Goldman Environmental Foundation"
8:
3501:
3448:
3359:
3331:
3253:
3233:
3220:
3111:
712:
670:
491:
424:
272:
180:
149:
107:
104:
88:
3076:
1830:
3696:
3581:
3541:
3423:
3306:
3156:
2743:
1614:
1128:
818:
760:
700:
211:
2230:
858:
711:
are Co-operative Party members. UK co-operatives retain a significant market share in
267:
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers was a group of 10 weavers and 20 others in
3627:
3566:
3418:
2983:
2901:
1985:
1911:
1643:
704:
397:
262:
145:
3443:
3396:
3380:
3243:
2582:"Member Organisations | International Cooperative Alliance – Asia and Pacific"
726:
534:
Agricultural co-operatives in the U.S. have had some mainstream success, including
504:
176:
172:
119:
100:
39:
2430:"Ökokraftwerke: Bürger nehmen Stromversorgung selbst in die Hand – SPIEGEL ONLINE"
2059:"The Mondragon Experiment – Societies on DocuWatch – free streaming documentaries"
3546:
3276:
2929:
2855:
2840:
2829:
2810:
2783:
2142:
1626:
1609:
1242:
1231:
1106:
666:
543:
527:
508:
111:
59:
55:
2212:
3556:
1741:
1051:
813:
685:
582:
516:
276:
886:
3743:
3637:
3597:
2346:
2183:
1640:
Caring & Sharing: The Centenary History of the Co-operative Women's Guild
1433:
238:
219:
92:
2528:"Enercoop, Fournisseur d'électricité verte - Enercoop en europe partenaires"
1523:
1026:
967:
3602:
3536:
3228:
2639:
2037:
1939:
1619:
1214:
Curl, John History of Work Cooperation in America CA: Homeward Press, 1980.
997:
848:"The Meaning of Rochdale: The Rochdale Pioneers and Cooperative Principles"
436:
432:
156:
123:
62:
and the issues they attempted to address describe the climate at the time.
2453:
1694:
1235:
3617:
3107:
691:
199:
192:
35:
2136:"Co-operative Banks as Key Players." European Association of Co-op Banks
1908:
Food Co-ops in America: Communities, Consumption, and Economic Democracy
883:"Lloyds Bank - Banking With Us - Our History, Heritage & Who We Are"
2804:"...empresas recuperadas in Argentina," The UK Co-operative College/ILO
2664:
2614:
2560:
577:
535:
459:
448:
440:
405:
318: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
203:
1770:
1664:"Records of the Women's Cooperative Guild (Cooperative Women's Guild)"
159:
in the US, were invented in Germany in the mid-19th century, first by
3571:
3266:
681:
620:
401:
2868:
1223:
Ronco, WC 1974 Food Co-ops; Knupfer, AM 2013 Food Coops in America;
695:
An annual general meeting of a retail co-operative in England, 2005.
293:
3043:
2288:
2267:
268:
207:
115:
96:
85:
2952:"Idea and practice of organizing shared interests in cooperatives"
1224:
415:
3561:
3454:
3047:
2923:"Coffee, Co-operatives and Competition: The Impact of Fair Trade"
2553:"Search ica.coop | ICA: International Co-operative Alliance"
1819:
1371:"Electric co-operatives switch to the future at major conference"
677:
608:
246:
3027:
Weavers of Dreams: Founders of the Modern Cooperative Movement.
2776:
2023:
Birchall, Johnston 1997 The International Co-operative Movement
1254:
771:
2932:, Michelsen Institute of Development Studies and Human Rights.
275:, and over a period of four months they struggled to pool one
3728:
3461:
1490:
1399:
658:
38:
across the world. Although cooperative arrangements, such as
2289:"Employee representation in Europe – Hans-Böckler-Stiftung"
1547:. National Cooperative Business Association. Archived from
1342:"President Obama Hosts Meeting of Electrical Co-op Leaders"
628:), operated from pre-serfdom times until the 20th century.
1491:"Tastes Good, Good For You® Cranberry Juices & Snacks"
855:
Centre for Cooperative Studies, University of Saskatchewan
458:
Its headquarters complex is situated on the north side of
3106:
2390:
250:
2898:"Fairtrade International / About / History of Fairtrade"
2611:"Right Livelihood Award: 2003 - Citizens Coalition CCEJ"
1429:"Coalition brings solar energy co-ops to Baltimore area"
1742:"Beyond Capitalism: Leland Stanford's Forgotten Vision"
809:
Industrial and Provident Societies Partnership Act 1852
2834:
The Recent Rebirth of the Solidarity Economy in Brazil
2034:"Statistical information on the Co-operative Movement"
1717:"Credit Union History - America's Credit Union Museum"
1308:"Credit Union History - America's Credit Union Museum"
69:
was founded in 1769, in a barely furnished cottage in
3015:
Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution.
2849:
Forum Brasileiro da Economia Solidaria (in Portuguese
2260:"Co-determination in Germany – Hans-Böckler-Stiftung"
994:
Cotton Times, understanding the industrial revolution
964:
Cotton Times, understanding the industrial revolution
283:
494:
was the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, known as
3002:
The cooperative movement of Brazil and South Africa
2086:
Whyte, W.F. and K.K. Whyte, 1988, Making Mondragon.
490:organization to promote cooperative values and the
2636:"Right Livelihood Award: 1989 - the Seikatsu Club"
592:
2661:"Right Livelihood Award: 1984 - SEWA / Ela Bhatt"
2108:Clamp, C.A., "The Internalization of Mondragon",
1637:
1150:"Benjamin Franklin: Founding Father of Insurance"
3741:
2125:, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 255–264
1603:A Family's Fortune: A Legacy of Blood and Tears
552:United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives
253:(to avoid the temptation of drinking profits).
3092:
3044:A short history of co-operation and mutuality
2715:"Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation – Awardees"
2686:"Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation – Awardees"
2155:"Quick facts about co-ops | Co-operatives UK"
561:
110:at which his poorest parishioners could hold
27:History of the type of autonomous association
599:History of the cooperative movement in China
575:, the editor of the "Women's Corner" in the
183:were earlier forms of similar institutions.
841:
839:
745:Seikatsu Club Consumers' Co-operative Union
3099:
3085:
2110:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
1109:. 1 January 1828 – via Google Books.
1071:
3507:ICA Statement on the Cooperative Identity
3039:Democracy at Work: A Cure for Capitalism.
3019:Nadeau, E.G. & D.J. Thompson (1996),
2097:International Journal of Social Economics
673:gained a significant role in management.
501:National Cooperative Business Association
419:The old Co-operative building behind the
378:Learn how and when to remove this message
2988:The International Co-operative Movement.
2773:The International Co-operative Movement.
1983:
1852:"Cooperative History | lcecnet.com"
1460:"National Grape Cooperative Association"
1082:National Cooperative Grocers Association
987:
957:
836:
690:
414:
1905:
990:"Social strife: The birth of the co-op"
960:"Social strife: The birth of the co-op"
155:Financially, cooperative banks, called
14:
3742:
2962:from the original on November 21, 2019
2388:
1642:. Manchester: Co-operative Union Ltd.
146:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers
3483:
3122:
3080:
3031:Whyte, W.F. & K.K. Whyte (1988),
1074:"Cooperative Principles Then and Now"
1023:Heart of England Co-operative Society
914:from the original on 7 September 2015
875:
845:
743:Economic Justice in South Korea, the
613:
484:
327:"History of the cooperative movement"
139:Heart of England Co-operative Society
3685:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
2823:Solidarity Finance and Public Policy
2744:"About the department (ENTERPRISES)"
2427:
1883:. Houghton Mifflin. 1 January 1975.
1601:Barstow, D et al (9 January 2003), "
1225:Greene Hill Food Co-op, Brooklyn, NY
699:In the UK, co-operatives formed the
618:In Russia the village co-operative (
316:adding citations to reliable sources
287:
256:
34:concerns the origins and history of
3724:History of the cooperative movement
3195:International Co-operative Alliance
2798:; Klein, N and A Lewis (2006) film
1887:from the original on 7 October 2022
1078:Co-operative Grocer (July–Aug 1994)
410:South Suburban Co-operative Society
32:history of the cooperative movement
24:
2977:
1906:Knupfer, Anne Meis (21 May 2013).
1638:Gaffin, Jean; David Thoms (1983).
1545:"Co-op Research / Economic Impact"
1180:"History Ofcooperatives in The Us"
900:
284:English CWS and Co-operative Group
122:, which was the first established
25:
3786:
3123:
3054:
2869:"About | Friends of the MST"
2318:"EUR-Lex – c10805 – EN – EUR-Lex"
1688:
1666:. Hull University. Archived from
1196:from the original on 2 April 2020
1125:Co-operative Retail Trading Group
651:Mondragón Cooperative Corporation
479:Co-operative Retail Trading Group
2219:from the original on 2021-01-19.
1160:from the original on 29 May 2020
292:
2944:
2935:
2915:
2890:
2879:from the original on 2019-06-27
2861:
2821:Neiva, AC et al (2013), draft "
2815:
2788:
2765:
2754:from the original on 2016-11-25
2736:
2725:from the original on 2017-06-21
2707:
2696:from the original on 2017-06-21
2678:
2653:
2628:
2603:
2592:from the original on 2017-01-04
2574:
2545:
2520:
2495:
2470:
2446:
2421:
2412:
2401:from the original on 2016-12-26
2382:
2373:
2364:
2353:from the original on 2015-09-03
2339:
2328:from the original on 2015-05-10
2310:
2299:from the original on 2016-12-29
2281:
2252:
2241:from the original on 2021-01-16
2223:
2205:
2194:from the original on 2020-12-18
2176:
2165:from the original on 2022-10-07
2147:
2128:
2115:
2102:
2089:
2080:
2051:
2026:
2017:
1977:
1953:
1924:
1899:
1873:
1844:
1823:
1813:
1788:
1777:from the original on 2022-10-07
1763:
1752:from the original on 2017-03-13
1734:
1709:
1682:
1656:
1631:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1555:
1537:
1508:
1497:from the original on 1999-04-21
1483:
1452:
1421:
1410:from the original on 2016-12-20
1392:
1381:from the original on 2016-03-25
1363:
1352:from the original on 2016-03-31
1334:
1325:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1265:from the original on 2016-12-26
1247:
1217:
1208:
1172:
1142:
1113:
1099:
1050:. Lothian Co-op. Archived from
885:. Lloydstsb.com. Archived from
603:Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
593:Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
303:needs additional citations for
225:
222:, but both communities failed.
161:Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch
144:It was not until 1844 when the
3577:Socially responsible investing
1065:
1040:
1011:
981:
951:
926:
280:quality, unadulterated goods.
186:
126:that would be merged into the
13:
1:
3200:Cooperative wholesale society
1084:, Minneapolis. Archived from
830:
794:British co-operative movement
643:
45:
3623:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen
3376:Health insurance cooperative
3239:Savings and loan association
2843:" in B de SS Santos (2002),
2503:"European Solar Prizes 2012"
2478:"European Solar Prizes 2013"
2065:. 1980-11-17. Archived from
1938:. 1950-06-15. Archived from
1910:. Cornell University Press.
1691:"Co-operative Women's Guild"
1437:. 2014-07-25. Archived from
934:"Lennoxtown (Local History)"
776:Intangible Cultural Heritage
462:city centre adjacent to the
453:Co-operative Retail Services
165:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen
7:
3760:History of social movements
2794:LaVaca Collective, (2007),
2428:Lill, Tobias (2007-02-21).
2389:McCrae, Fran (2015-01-16).
996:. p. 3. Archived from
966:. p. 2. Archived from
781:
421:Gateshead Millennium Bridge
10:
3791:
3484:
1856:Lcecnet.coopwebbuilder.com
1516:"Land O'Lakes Inc. – Home"
910:. Gazetteer for Scotland.
606:
596:
568:Co-operative Women's Guild
565:
562:Co-operative Women's Guild
389:
260:
229:
190:
3719:
3691:United Farmers of Alberta
3677:
3646:
3590:
3515:
3494:
3490:
3479:
3436:
3389:
3368:
3330:
3297:
3252:
3219:
3212:
3180:
3140:
3133:
3129:
3118:
3007:Greider, William (2003),
1881:"The Food Co-op Handbook"
1831:"History of Cooperatives"
1284:Capitalism: A Love Story.
789:Agricultural cooperatives
718:Denmark has had a strong
3703:Nepal Co-operative Party
3013:Kelly, Marjorie (2012),
804:Cooperative Stock Market
757:2001 crisis in Argentina
554:was founded after 2000.
232:William King (physician)
220:United States of America
169:history of credit unions
75:Fenwick Weavers' Society
3073:: Utah State University
3037:Wolff, Richard (2012),
3025:Thompson, D.J. (1994),
3009:The Soul of Capitalism.
2832:."; Singer, P (2002), "
2231:"Cooperatives Archives"
1591:The Soul of Capitalism.
1577:Rosen, C et al (2005),
1567:The Soul of Capitalism.
1561:Rosen, C et al (2005),
1187:resources.uwcc.wisc.edu
1154:articles.lifequotes.com
908:"Rev. Dr. Henry Duncan"
445:Co-operative Commission
163:(1852, urban), then by
130:between 1970 and 1985.
3532:Cooperative federalism
3527:Co-operative economics
2802:; Howarth, M., (2007)
2134:Bevilacqua, E. (2012)
2112:, 71:4, 2000, 557–577.
2099:, 36:6, 2009, 679–691.
2005:Cite journal requires
1565:; Greider, W. (2003),
1282:Moore, M. (2009) film
1127:. 2007. Archived from
824:Sovereigns of Industry
696:
519:, and Equal Exchange.
475:The Co-operative brand
428:
392:The Co-operative Group
108:depository institution
71:Fenwick, East Ayrshire
3345:Community wind energy
3141:Primary cooperative (
2999:Derr, Jascha (2013),
2777:ICA – Americas Region
2123:Yugoslavia as History
1236:Food Co-op Initiative
799:Cooperative economics
694:
418:
65:The first documented
52:Industrial Revolution
18:Co-operative movement
3775:Private aid programs
3770:Mutual organizations
3765:Mutualism (movement)
3750:Cooperative movement
3112:mutual organizations
2845:Produzir Para Viver.
2771:Birchall, J. (1997)
2063:Societies.docuwat.ch
1589:Greider, W. (2003),
720:cooperative movement
312:improve this article
216:New Harmony, Indiana
128:Trustee Savings Bank
120:sickness and old-age
67:consumer cooperative
3502:Rochdale Principles
3449:Agent-owned company
3234:Mutual savings bank
2992:Curl, John (2009),
1932:"Cooperative Peace"
1920:– via Amazon.
1895:– via Amazon.
1800:Blog.utahscouts.org
492:Rochdale Principles
464:Manchester Victoria
425:Newcastle upon Tyne
273:Rochdale Principles
214:in Scotland and in
181:mutual savings bank
150:Rochdale Principles
89:Presbyterian Church
3697:Co-operative Party
3582:Solidarity economy
3542:Economic democracy
3307:Collective farming
3021:Cooperation Works!
2984:Birchall, Johnston
2928:2015-09-22 at the
2854:2013-11-12 at the
2839:2013-11-12 at the
2828:2013-11-12 at the
2809:2013-11-12 at the
2782:2013-11-12 at the
2141:2013-11-12 at the
1965:Thefreelibrary.com
1625:2013-11-12 at the
1615:The New York Times
1608:2017-06-25 at the
1296:Owning Our Future.
1241:2013-11-12 at the
1230:2013-11-12 at the
846:Fairbairn, Brett.
819:Solidarity economy
761:World Social Forum
707:, and some Labour
701:Co-operative Party
697:
614:Other developments
485:U.S. Co-operatives
429:
171:. In Britain, the
3737:
3736:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3678:Political parties
3633:Rochdale Pioneers
3628:David Schweickart
3567:Social enterprise
3519:economic theories
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3432:
3431:
3208:
3207:
3033:Making Mondragon.
2847:; "Historico" at
2235:andels boligforen
1936:Abob.libs.uga.edu
1520:Landolakesinc.com
1294:Kelly, M. (2012)
1107:"The Co-operator"
759:. In Brazil, the
671:Workers' Councils
581:publication, and
578:Co-operative News
509:Food Conspiracies
505:Food cooperatives
398:Rochdale Pioneers
388:
387:
380:
362:
263:Rochdale Pioneers
257:Rochdale Pioneers
148:established the "
82:Rev. Henry Duncan
16:(Redirected from
3782:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3444:Friendly society
3381:Mutual insurance
3244:Building society
3217:
3216:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3120:
3119:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3077:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2900:. Archived from
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2819:
2813:
2792:
2786:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2663:. Archived from
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2638:. Archived from
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2613:. Archived from
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2559:. Archived from
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2530:. Archived from
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2505:. Archived from
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2480:. Archived from
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2458:Goldmanprize.org
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2266:. Archived from
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2151:
2145:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2036:. Archived from
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1858:. Archived from
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1719:. Archived from
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:on 21 March 2012
1693:. Archived from
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1635:
1629:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1522:. Archived from
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1465:. Archived from
1464:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1310:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1251:
1245:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1072:David Thompson.
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1025:. Archived from
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
955:
949:
948:
946:
945:
936:. Archived from
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
863:
857:. Archived from
852:
843:
727:co-determination
383:
376:
372:
369:
363:
361:
320:
296:
288:
177:building society
173:friendly society
112:savings accounts
101:friendly society
60:social movements
40:mutual insurance
21:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3707:
3673:
3642:
3608:David Griffiths
3586:
3547:Guild socialism
3520:
3518:
3511:
3486:
3467:
3428:
3424:Social services
3385:
3364:
3326:
3293:
3277:Housing society
3272:Student housing
3248:
3204:
3176:
3125:
3114:
3105:
3061:History of RECs
3057:
2980:
2978:Further reading
2975:
2965:
2963:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2930:Wayback Machine
2921:Milford, Anna.
2920:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2856:Wayback Machine
2841:Wayback Machine
2830:Wayback Machine
2820:
2816:
2811:Wayback Machine
2793:
2789:
2784:Wayback Machine
2770:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2593:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2564:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2349:uwcc.wisc.edu.
2345:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2143:Wayback Machine
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1636:
1632:
1627:Wayback Machine
1610:Wayback Machine
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1493:. Ocean Spray.
1489:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1243:Wayback Machine
1232:Wayback Machine
1222:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
986:
982:
973:
971:
956:
952:
943:
941:
932:
931:
927:
917:
915:
906:
905:
901:
892:
890:
881:
880:
876:
867:
865:
861:
850:
844:
837:
833:
828:
784:
646:
616:
611:
605:
597:Main articles:
595:
570:
564:
528:Hurricane Sandy
487:
394:
384:
373:
367:
364:
321:
319:
309:
297:
286:
265:
259:
243:The Co-operator
239:working classes
234:
228:
195:
189:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3664:United Kingdom
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Neo-capitalism
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3055:External links
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2943:
2934:
2914:
2889:
2860:
2814:
2787:
2764:
2735:
2706:
2677:
2652:
2627:
2602:
2573:
2544:
2519:
2494:
2469:
2445:
2434:Spiegel Online
2420:
2411:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2338:
2309:
2280:
2251:
2222:
2204:
2184:"Farmer owned"
2175:
2146:
2127:
2114:
2101:
2088:
2079:
2050:
2025:
2016:
2007:|journal=
1976:
1952:
1923:
1917:978-0801451140
1916:
1898:
1872:
1843:
1822:
1812:
1787:
1762:
1733:
1708:
1681:
1670:on 21 May 2013
1655:
1648:
1630:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1554:
1551:on 2011-11-25.
1536:
1507:
1482:
1451:
1420:
1406:. 2016-09-19.
1404:Cooppower.coop
1391:
1377:. 2012-03-05.
1362:
1348:. 2013-06-07.
1333:
1324:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1246:
1216:
1207:
1171:
1141:
1112:
1098:
1064:
1039:
1010:
988:Doug Peacock.
980:
958:Doug Peacock.
950:
925:
899:
874:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:
821:
816:
814:Social economy
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
785:
783:
780:
686:Initiative 136
655:Basque country
645:
642:
615:
612:
594:
591:
583:Mary Lawrenson
566:Main article:
563:
560:
517:Organic Valley
486:
483:
437:carpet-bagging
390:Main article:
386:
385:
300:
298:
291:
285:
282:
277:pound sterling
261:Main article:
258:
255:
230:Main article:
227:
224:
191:Main article:
188:
185:
47:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3787:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3669:United States
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3638:Beatrice Webb
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:G. D. H. Cole
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:Key theorists
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3517:Political and
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3478:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:Reforestation
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3134:By governance
3132:
3128:
3124:Organizations
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2904:on 2014-09-03
2903:
2899:
2893:
2878:
2874:
2873:Mstbrazil.org
2870:
2864:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2667:on 2014-09-03
2666:
2662:
2656:
2642:on 2014-09-03
2641:
2637:
2631:
2617:on 2014-09-03
2616:
2612:
2606:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2563:on 2016-01-22
2562:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2534:on 2014-07-04
2533:
2529:
2523:
2509:on 2014-05-29
2508:
2504:
2498:
2484:on 2014-05-29
2483:
2479:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2415:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2270:on 2016-12-29
2269:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2121:J. R. Lampe,
2118:
2111:
2105:
2098:
2092:
2083:
2069:on 2017-06-20
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2040:on 2006-05-16
2039:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2012:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1942:on 2014-10-20
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1862:on 2014-09-15
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1776:
1773:. Woccu.org.
1772:
1766:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1723:on 2014-12-17
1722:
1718:
1712:
1696:
1692:
1689:Cowan, Joss.
1685:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1526:on 2016-11-16
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1472:on 2013-08-20
1468:
1461:
1455:
1441:on 2014-12-17
1440:
1436:
1435:
1434:Baltimore Sun
1430:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:"Co-op Power"
1395:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1314:on 2014-12-17
1313:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1131:on 2008-10-23
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1108:
1102:
1088:on 2007-10-10
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1054:on 2007-06-08
1053:
1049:
1043:
1029:on 2006-02-14
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1000:on 2008-09-08
999:
995:
991:
984:
970:on 2008-07-25
969:
965:
961:
954:
940:on 2007-03-19
939:
935:
929:
913:
909:
903:
889:on 2012-10-11
888:
884:
878:
864:on 2012-01-11
860:
856:
849:
842:
840:
835:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
779:
778:of Humanity.
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:
758:
752:
749:
746:
740:
736:
733:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
693:
689:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
641:
637:
633:
629:
627:
623:
622:
610:
604:
600:
590:
586:
584:
580:
579:
574:
569:
559:
555:
553:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
529:
524:
520:
518:
512:
510:
506:
502:
497:
493:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
447:, chaired by
446:
442:
438:
434:
426:
422:
417:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
393:
382:
379:
371:
368:December 2017
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329: –
328:
324:
323:Find sources:
317:
313:
307:
306:
301:This section
299:
295:
290:
289:
281:
278:
274:
270:
264:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
233:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
194:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:credit unions
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
134:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:Dumfriesshire
90:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
43:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3755:Cooperatives
3723:
3613:William King
3603:Charles Gide
3537:Distributism
3460:
3453:
3299:Agricultural
3229:Credit union
3108:Cooperatives
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2987:
2964:. Retrieved
2955:
2946:
2937:
2917:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:the original
2892:
2881:. Retrieved
2872:
2863:
2844:
2817:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2772:
2767:
2756:. Retrieved
2747:
2738:
2727:. Retrieved
2718:
2709:
2698:. Retrieved
2689:
2680:
2669:. Retrieved
2665:the original
2655:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:the original
2630:
2619:. Retrieved
2615:the original
2605:
2594:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2565:. Retrieved
2561:the original
2556:
2547:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2522:
2511:. Retrieved
2507:the original
2497:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:the original
2472:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:
2423:
2414:
2403:. Retrieved
2394:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2355:. Retrieved
2341:
2330:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2301:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2272:. Retrieved
2268:the original
2263:
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2234:
2225:
2207:
2196:. Retrieved
2188:www.arla.com
2187:
2178:
2167:. Retrieved
2158:
2149:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2082:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2062:
2053:
2042:. Retrieved
2038:the original
2028:
2019:
1998:cite journal
1979:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:the original
1935:
1926:
1907:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1875:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1855:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1833:. REA Energy
1825:
1815:
1804:. Retrieved
1802:. 2014-12-29
1799:
1790:
1779:. Retrieved
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1746:Dynamics.org
1745:
1736:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:the original
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1658:
1639:
1633:
1613:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1549:the original
1539:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:the original
1519:
1510:
1499:. Retrieved
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1467:the original
1454:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:the original
1432:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1403:
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1375:Thenews.coop
1374:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1346:Thenews.coop
1345:
1336:
1327:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:the original
1302:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1267:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1219:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1186:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1153:
1144:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
1115:
1101:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:the original
1077:
1067:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1042:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:the original
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
993:
983:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
963:
953:
942:. Retrieved
938:the original
928:
916:. Retrieved
902:
891:. Retrieved
887:the original
877:
866:. Retrieved
859:the original
854:
769:
765:
753:
750:
741:
737:
734:
731:
724:
717:
705:Labour Party
698:
675:
647:
638:
634:
630:
625:
619:
617:
587:
576:
573:Alice Acland
571:
556:
548:
544:Land O'Lakes
533:
525:
521:
513:
488:
472:
457:
433:Andrew Regan
430:
395:
374:
365:
355:
348:
341:
334:
322:
310:Please help
305:verification
302:
266:
242:
235:
226:William King
200:cotton mills
196:
154:
143:
135:
132:
124:savings bank
103:to create a
79:
64:
49:
36:cooperatives
31:
29:
3618:Robert Owen
3282:egalitarian
2996:, PM Press.
2796:Sin Patron.
2719:Rmaf.org.ph
2690:Rmaf.org.ph
2586:Ica-ap.coop
2293:Boeckler.de
2264:Boeckler.de
2159:www.uk.coop
1200:7 September
1164:7 September
1019:"Our roots"
713:food retail
688:in Greece.
540:Ocean Spray
531:organized.
193:Robert Owen
187:Robert Owen
105:cooperative
3744:Categories
3322:Wheat pool
3317:Winemaking
3213:By product
3182:Federation
3167:Purchasing
2908:2014-09-02
2883:2016-12-21
2758:2016-12-21
2729:2016-12-21
2700:2016-12-21
2671:2014-09-02
2646:2014-09-02
2621:2014-09-02
2596:2016-12-21
2567:2016-12-21
2538:2014-09-02
2513:2014-09-02
2488:2014-09-02
2463:2016-12-21
2439:2016-12-21
2405:2016-12-21
2395:Copac.coop
2357:2015-05-11
2332:2016-12-21
2303:2016-12-21
2274:2016-12-21
2245:2021-01-16
2198:2021-01-16
2169:2021-01-16
2073:2016-12-21
2044:2011-06-21
1970:2016-12-21
1946:2016-12-21
1866:2016-12-21
1837:2016-12-21
1806:2016-12-21
1781:2016-12-21
1771:"Heritage"
1756:2016-12-21
1727:2014-09-15
1649:0851951333
1530:2016-12-21
1501:2016-12-21
1476:2016-12-21
1445:2016-12-21
1414:2016-12-21
1385:2016-12-21
1356:2016-12-21
1318:2014-09-02
1269:2016-12-21
1135:2008-05-13
1121:"About Us"
1092:2008-06-26
1058:2008-06-26
1033:2008-06-26
1004:2008-06-26
974:2008-06-26
944:2007-05-25
893:2013-10-16
868:2016-12-21
831:References
663:Yugoslavia
644:Modern day
607:See also:
496:the Grange
460:Manchester
449:John Monks
441:Tony Blair
406:Lancashire
338:newspapers
204:New Lanark
99:founded a
46:Beginnings
3647:By region
3572:Socialism
3552:Mutualism
3409:Recycling
3369:Insurance
3360:Broadband
3355:Telephone
3267:Cohousing
2800:The Take.
2322:Europa.eu
2213:"Lejerbo"
1891:31 August
1048:"History"
770:In 2016,
682:insurance
621:obshchina
402:Yorkshire
114:accruing
80:In 1810,
3693:(Canada)
3687:(Canada)
3495:Identity
3414:Platform
3350:Electric
3262:Building
3172:Retailer
3152:Consumer
2986:(1997),
2966:July 11,
2960:Archived
2926:Archived
2877:Archived
2852:Archived
2837:Archived
2826:Archived
2807:Archived
2780:Archived
2752:Archived
2723:Archived
2694:Archived
2590:Archived
2557:Ica.coop
2399:Archived
2351:Archived
2326:Archived
2297:Archived
2239:Archived
2217:Archived
2192:Archived
2163:Archived
2139:Archived
1885:Archived
1775:Archived
1750:Archived
1623:Archived
1606:Archived
1495:Archived
1408:Archived
1379:Archived
1350:Archived
1263:Archived
1259:Geo.coop
1239:Archived
1228:Archived
1191:Archived
1158:Archived
912:Archived
782:See also
477:and the
412:(1984).
269:Rochdale
212:Orbiston
208:Scotland
116:interest
97:Scotland
86:Ruthwell
3659:Ukraine
3562:Owenism
3455:Stokvel
3332:Utility
3287:commune
3254:Housing
3221:Banking
3048:Ed Mayo
2748:Ilo.org
2391:"COPAC"
1701:7 April
1674:7 April
1579:Equity.
1563:Equity.
678:banking
653:in the
609:Gung-ho
536:Welch's
470:tower.
352:scholar
247:society
218:in the
84:of the
3654:Canada
3485:Topics
3157:Worker
3050:(2017)
2956:UNESCO
1990:633722
1988:
1914:
1646:
1620:ACIPCO
918:3 July
772:UNESCO
669:where
665:under
542:, and
354:
347:
340:
333:
325:
179:, and
56:labour
3729:.coop
3462:Artel
3437:Other
3419:Media
3390:Other
1470:(PDF)
1463:(PDF)
1194:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
862:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
659:Spain
359:JSTOR
345:books
3699:(UK)
3402:list
3397:Food
3336:list
3186:list
3161:list
3143:list
3110:and
2968:2017
2011:help
1986:SSRN
1912:ISBN
1893:2017
1703:2013
1676:2013
1644:ISBN
1202:2019
1166:2019
920:2014
680:and
667:Tito
601:and
507:and
404:and
331:news
251:pubs
198:the
118:for
58:and
30:The
1612:,"
709:MPs
657:of
626:mir
624:or
468:CIS
443:'s
423:in
314:by
202:of
91:in
3746::
3046:,
2958:.
2954:.
2875:.
2871:.
2775:;
2750:.
2746:.
2721:.
2717:.
2692:.
2688:.
2588:.
2584:.
2555:.
2456:.
2432:.
2397:.
2393:.
2324:.
2320:.
2295:.
2291:.
2262:.
2237:.
2233:.
2215:.
2190:.
2186:.
2161:.
2157:.
2061:.
2002::
2000:}}
1996:{{
1963:.
1934:.
1854:.
1798:.
1748:.
1744:.
1618:;
1518:.
1431:.
1402:.
1373:.
1344:.
1261:.
1257:.
1234:;
1189:.
1185:.
1156:.
1152:.
1123:.
1080:.
1076:.
1021:.
992:.
962:.
853:.
838:^
546:.
538:,
455:.
206:,
175:,
95:,
77:.
3338:)
3334:(
3188:)
3184:(
3163:)
3159:(
3145:)
3100:e
3093:t
3086:v
2970:.
2911:.
2886:.
2858:)
2761:.
2732:.
2703:.
2674:.
2649:.
2624:.
2599:.
2570:.
2541:.
2516:.
2491:.
2466:.
2442:.
2408:.
2360:.
2335:.
2306:.
2277:.
2248:.
2201:.
2172:.
2076:.
2047:.
2013:)
2009:(
1992:.
1973:.
1949:.
1869:.
1840:.
1809:.
1784:.
1759:.
1730:.
1705:.
1678:.
1652:.
1533:.
1504:.
1479:.
1448:.
1417:.
1388:.
1359:.
1321:.
1272:.
1204:.
1168:.
1138:.
1095:.
1061:.
1036:.
1007:.
977:.
947:.
922:.
896:.
871:.
427:.
381:)
375:(
370:)
366:(
356:·
349:·
342:·
335:·
308:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.