223:. She downplayed his Shoshone roots and connections to distinguish her father and her people as peaceful and to protect them from the prejudice many settlers held against the more warlike Shoshone, also called "Snake Indians". She exaggerated his influence over the Paiute people, saying that he was the principal chief of all the Paiute tribes. Since she served as an interpreter in the area, her viewpoint was adopted by many contemporary Oregonians. Modern historians and ethnologists view Winnemucca more as a "first among equals", with considerable influence over the bands in the
253:. The cavalry killed 29 of the 30 old men, women and children in the camp, including two of Old Winnemucca's wives. Bad Face's wife and a daughter were shot, sustaining mortal wounds. His baby son was killed by being thrown into a fire. In 1868 Bad Face surrendered. After that war, his influence decreased considerably. He had little control over events at the
265:
413:; they assured him of their peaceful intent. Still, neither would go onto the Malheur Reservation as Rinehart insisted and conditions continued to worsen. Two Shoshone "Dog Soldiers" came to the Malheur Reservation in March 1878 and threatened war as soon as there was grass. Brayman wrote to US Senator
358:
of supplying food to
Shoshone who refused to stay on the Malheur Reservation, and thus helping them stay away. Rinehart was the sworn enemy of both the Shoshoni and Paiute, preferring absolute authority and extermination of indigenous people, where possible. Parrish was replaced by Rinehart on June
499:
got a message through to Bad Face and his son
Natchez, asking them to come and help keep the peace with the hostile Snake at the Malheur Reservation. They consented but planned to join the Snakes at war. On June 10, 1878, Congress declared war on the
458:
and sold the weapons to the
Bannock/Bannatte Robber Snakes, after having urged them for a year to go to war. He then informed Idaho Governor Brayman that war was eminent. The uprising turned into the second Shoshone War, which the Americans called the
238:'s plea to keep the peace. The Paiute did not then join the Shoshone and Northern Ute warriors in the war effort. Later, Bad Face led several Paiute units in warfare, and they were mistakenly identified as Snake warriors.
402:, but due to a clerical error, did not.) The Paiute, who had been leaving the Malheur Reservation to escape Rinehart and starvation, returned en masse, knowing they would be safer at the reservation during wartime.
277:
During the winter of 1872-1873, Bad Face refused to settle on a farm at the
Malheur Reservation, despite his daughter Sarah's asking him to join her. He said he might starve there. He took refuge at the base of
215:
Winnemucca the
Younger (his alternative name "Bad Face" will be used in the remainder of this article) eventually became war chief of the Kuyuidika. He distrusted white settlers more than did his father-in-law.
482:
were being shot. Three
Coyotes reported the rape of an Indian girl and the confiscation of weapons and horses at the Fort Hall Reservation. They gathered money to send Sarah to Washington to tell President
446:". The officials ignored his warning. On May 27, 1878, after holding a council of war, the Shoshone started an uprising in eastern Oregon with the killing of James Dempsey, a white gun dealer who lived in
327:
Parrish built irrigation canals and a school for the reservation. He had expanded the reservation to secure better farmland for the
Shoshone, although he had no permission. He annexed
44:
203:. His father-in-law honored him by naming him "Winnemucca the Younger". The name means "The Giver of Spiritual Gifts." Winnemucca the Younger became a war chief with the
331:'s cultivated land and the Shoshone's traditional hot springs. This caused conflict with powerful local settlers who wanted that land; they included the ranchers
219:
Trying to define his role in
Northern Paiute politics has been an area of controversy for historians. He is primarily known through the writings of his daughter,
531:
234:
of 1860. At the time of the formation of the
Paviotso Confederacy at the Ochoco Council of 1851, the Paiute were more allied with his father-in-law,
789:
367:. He began defrauding and abusing both reservation and non-reservation native people, often not giving them adequate supplies of rations.
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559:
892:
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lines to shut off the war zone communications. He seriously wounded both men. Before the last of the lines were pulled down,
246:
286:. By 1873, settlers and the government in Oregon worried that the Paiute under Bad Face might join with the Shoshone under
519:
877:
17:
882:
542:
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As of 1970, one source claimed that descendants of Chief
Winnemucca could be found among the residents of the
313:
By 1874, Winnemucca, Sarah and another daughter, and eight warriors were appearing at Metropolitan Theater in
508:
425:
had "ample justification" for the methods they pursued, given the ongoing loss of their natural food supply,
317:
in a series of skits on Indian life, which they performed for five years. While the agency was led by the US
740:
442:, had informed officials that Buffalo Horn (Kotsotiala) was to meet with Bad Face and Has No Horse in the "
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364:
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caught up with Black Buffalo and Old Bull near the Oregon-Idaho border, after having his men pull down
290:(Has No Horse). They also worried about potential collaboration of the tribe with former enemies, the
386:
went on the warpath. After refusing to move 500 of his people from their high mountain meadow in the
832:
478:
were being starved out of the Malheur reservation, that they could not buy clothes, and that Paiute
342:
In early April 1875, Bad Face, Sarah Winnemucca, and Pony Blanket attempted to persuade officers at
897:
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At 3:00 am on March 17, 1865, while Sarah Winnemucca and her grandfather, Old Winnemucca were in
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857:
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8:
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324:, in 1875, Bad Face went to and from the Malheur Reservation with considerable freedom.
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527:
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and other wealthy opponents retaliated by falsely accusing officers at Fort Harney,
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were known to whites as Little Winnemucca and Young Winnemucca, respectively.
846:
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460:
371:
343:
339:. They started what was a successful campaign to have Parrish replaced.
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258:
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cavalrymen raided their family camp on the shore of what is now known as
450:. with a Shoshoni wife. He had purchased arms in October 1877 from the
264:
231:
492:
307:
299:
769:. Winnemucca, Nevada: The Silver State. October 27, 1882. p. 3
719:"Book review of Canfield: Sarah Winnemucca of the Northern Paiutes"
426:
177:
91:
43:
398:, he killed four white men. (The reservation was to have included
451:
487:
of these problems. She left on June 9, 1878. That day Captain
125:, Natchez Winnemucca, Frank Winnemucca,Mary Winnemucca ,and more
535:
360:
133:
479:
395:
787:
741:"SACRAMENTO CITY AND COUNTY, Record of Local Events, 1864"
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reported that Laughing Hawk (Tambiago), imprisoned at the
27:
Native American Northern Paiute war chief (c. 1820–1882)
282:, near the Reuben and Dolly Kiger Ranch in what is now
507:
Bad Face died in October 1882 at Coppersmith ranch in
409:, where they dined as guests of honor with Governor
466:
On June 5, Sarah Winnemucca met with Pony Blanket (
195:according to their tribal rules. They were of the
723:Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology
813:Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs
844:
370:Northeastern Oregon settlers prevailed upon the
700:, Bend, OR: Maverick Publications, Inc., 1997.
470:), Left Hand, Dancer, and Three Coyotes at the
683:. Bend, OR: Maverick Publications, Inc., 1998.
603:. Bend, OR: Maverick Publications, Inc., 1997.
405:Bad Face and some of his warriors traveled to
530:are named after Winnemucca. His eldest son
511:. One source states that he was poisoned.
310:. On April 11, 1873, the Modoc War ended.
180:around 1820 in what would later become the
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833:"Winnemucca, Chief of the Piute", from
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526:, Winnemucca Mountain, and the city of
14:
845:
703:
686:
606:
572:
75:Wobitsawahkah, Mubetawaka, and Poito
809:"Facts on Famous Indians of Nevada"
417:on their behalf, agreeing that the
382:stay in Wallowa. On June 13, 1877
24:
868:History of Humboldt County, Nevada
520:Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada
230:He was a leading proponent of the
25:
909:
873:Native American history of Nevada
835:Famous Indian Chiefs I Have Known
788:Federal Writers' Project (1941).
560:Native American history of Nevada
210:
893:People from pre-statehood Oregon
888:People from pre-statehood Nevada
359:28, 1876, just three days after
187:When he married the daughter of
801:
781:
759:
733:
440:Idaho Territorial Penitentiary
13:
1:
863:19th-century Native Americans
791:Origin of Place Names: Nevada
565:
509:Surprise Valley, Modoc County
146:
54:
346:to help reinstate Parrish.
7:
767:"Death of Chief Wianemucca"
548:
272:dressed in an army uniform.
245:, Captain Almond D. Wells'
10:
914:
717:Stewart, Omer C. (1983).
514:
429:, to the settlers' hogs.
176:war chief. He was born a
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102:Northern Paiute war chief
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79:
71:
63:
50:
41:
34:
694:Thunder Over the Ochoco,
597:Thunder Over the Ochoco,
543:Pyramid Lake Reservation
419:Shoshoni Banattee Snakes
236:(Old) Chief One Moccasin
878:Native American leaders
677:Thunder Over the Ochoco
502:Western Shoshoni Nation
883:Northern Paiute people
745:Sacramento Daily Union
497:General Irvin McDowell
435:Salt Lake City Tribune
432:On June 16, 1878, the
374:to overturn President
315:Sacramento, California
274:
270:Winnemucca the Younger
162:Winnemucca the Younger
474:and learned that the
472:Malheur Indian Agency
423:Fort Hall Reservation
392:Fort Hall Reservation
306:, in what became the
294:people, being led by
284:Harney County, Oregon
267:
152:– 1882) (also called
797:. W.P.A. p. 39.
601:The Gathering Storm
485:Rutherford B. Hayes
378:'s pact to let the
348:William V. Rinehart
255:Malheur Reservation
555:Battle of Mud Lake
528:Winnemucca, Nevada
275:
747:. January 2, 1865
489:Reuben F. Bernard
444:Juniper Mountains
273:
140:
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16:(Redirected from
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376:Ulysses S. Grant
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247:Nevada Volunteer
232:Pyramid Lake War
221:Sarah Winnemucca
182:Oregon Territory
151:
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123:Sarah Winnemucca
86:Kuyuidika band,
72:Other names
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32:
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21:
18:Chief Winnemucca
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698:Distant Thunder
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524:Winnemucca Lake
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415:W. J. McConnell
280:Steens Mountain
257:leading to the
251:Winnemucca Lake
213:
201:Northern Paiute
174:Northern Paiute
149:
136:(son or nephew)
88:Northern Paiute
80:Organization(s)
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37:
28:
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456:Salt Lake City
388:Wallowa Valley
365:Little Bighorn
352:Fort McDermitt
322:Samuel Parrish
300:Captain Jack (
296:John Schonchin
243:Dayton, Nevada
212:
211:Political life
209:
191:, he became a
189:Old Winnemucca
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112:Old Winnemucca
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99:Known for
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692:Ontko, Gale.
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681:Rain of Tears
679:, Volume IV:
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675:Ontko, Gale.
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595:Ontko, Gale.
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476:Snake Indians
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448:Harney Valley
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430:
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411:Mason Brayman
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400:Camas Prairie
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154:Wobitsawahkah
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33:
30:
19:
853:1820s births
834:
816:. Retrieved
812:
803:
790:
783:
771:. Retrieved
761:
749:. Retrieved
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722:
697:
693:
688:
680:
676:
600:
596:
540:
518:
506:
465:
433:
431:
404:
384:Chief Joseph
369:
356:Fort Bidwell
341:
333:Henry Miller
329:Pony Blanket
326:
319:Indian agent
312:
301:
287:
276:
269:
240:
229:
225:Pyramid Lake
218:
214:
204:
199:band of the
186:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
142:
141:
110:Tuboitonie,
83:
29:
858:1882 deaths
818:October 26,
751:October 26,
696:Volume II:
534:and nephew
461:Bannock War
363:'s fall at
344:Fort Harney
337:Pete French
259:Bannock War
150: 1820
114:'s daughter
58: 1820
847:Categories
599:Volume I:
566:References
427:Camas root
407:Boise City
166:Mubetawaka
143:Winnemucca
36:Winnemucca
773:April 18,
729:(2): 269.
493:telegraph
380:Nez Perce
308:Modoc War
261:of 1878.
205:Kuyuidika
197:Kuyuidika
130:Relatives
107:Spouse(s)
549:See also
372:Congress
288:Chochoco
227:region.
178:Shoshone
172:) was a
158:Bad Face
119:Children
92:Shoshone
90:(born a
532:Natchez
452:Mormons
390:to the
302:Modicus
837:(1908)
536:Numaga
515:Legacy
480:horses
361:Custer
354:, and
193:Paiute
168:, and
134:Numaga
84:Tribe:
795:(PDF)
396:Idaho
292:Modoc
170:Poito
820:2012
775:2023
753:2012
468:Egan
335:and
298:and
67:1882
64:Died
51:Born
454:at
421:at
394:in
849::
811:.
743:.
725:.
721:.
705:^
608:^
574:^
545:.
522:,
504:.
463:.
207:.
184:.
164:,
160:,
156:,
147:c.
55:c.
822:.
777:.
755:.
727:5
304:)
145:(
94:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
