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1504:
564:
128:
95:
702:
1443:
487:
503:
710:
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74:
135:
102:
435:
The north and east sides of the lake have been restricted to the public and non-Tribal members since 2011, when the Tribal Nation made the decision to close these areas due to the desecration of sacred sites. When visiting, it is recommended to take note of the Tribal protocols and restricted areas.
657:
in 1905, both lake levels stood at near 3,880 ft (1,180 m) above sea level. Following the dam's completion, the water levels dropped to 3,867 ft (1,179 m) and 3,853 ft (1,174 m) for
Pyramid and Winnemucca, respectively. In 1957, the Pyramid Lake level was at
579:, the lake's existence was threatened, and the Paiute sued the Department of the Interior. By the mid-1970s, the lake had lost 80 feet (24 m) of depth, and according to Paiute fisheries officials, the lake's life was seriously under threat. According to documentary filmmaker
506:
Lake
Lahontan and other Late Pleistocene paleolakes in the Great Basin (such as Lake Bonneville) during the last major global glaciation. Lake Lahontan is shown in the context of western North America and the southern margins of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice
389:, the inland sea that once covered much of western Nevada. It is approximately 27 miles (43 km) long and 11 miles (18 km) wide, with a perimeter of 71 miles (114 km), covering 112,000 acres (45,000 ha) acres entirely enclosed within the
859:, upstream of Pyramid Lake, and elsewhere. Fish populations are now sustained by several tribally-run fish hatcheries and state and federal agencies. The Pyramid Lake Lahontan cutthroat trout is one of the largest inland trout species in the world.
793:
people in pre-contact times. The
Lahontan cutthroat was called "Hoopagaih" by the Paiute people. As they are both obligate freshwater spawners, they rely on sufficient inflow to allow them to run up the Truckee River to spawn, otherwise their
809:
beginning in 1905 reduced inflow and the lake level to such an extent that stream flow is rarely sufficient for spawning. The
Truckee Canal diverts water used to irrigate croplands in Fallon. The dam lacks
542:
also regularly fished in the lake. According to traditional narratives, the Washo specifically were given fishing rights in
Pyramid Lake after assisting the Paiutes in defeating a nearby tribe of giants.
546:
Archeological evidence shows that human populations lived in this area between 9500 B.C.E. and 1400 A.D. Excavations have uncovered tools, weapons, clothing, food, and mummified bodies in the area.
1661:
Natalie E. Davenport (2019). "Naming, Remembering, and
Experiencing We’ lmelt’ iʔ Cultural Spaces in Wa she shu It Deh ". ScholarWorks, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed 1 Jan 2023. p. 194.
1377:
Basin comprises the headwaters of the
Truckee River, Pyramid Lake has been the focus of several water quality investigations, the most detailed starting in the mid-1980s. Under direction of the
1713:
Natalie E. Davenport (2019). "Naming, Remembering, and
Experiencing We’ lmelt’ iʔ Cultural Spaces in Wa she shu It Deh ". ScholarWorks, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed 1 Jan 2023. p. 87.
1649:
Ginny
Bengston (2002). Northern Paiute and Western Shoshone Land Use in Northern Nevada: A Class I Ethnographic/Ethnohistoric Overview. SWCA Environmental Consultants. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-1-1.
2207:
Blum, Mitchell; Gustin, Mae
Sexauer; Swanson, Sherman; Donaldson, Susan G. (August 2001). "Mercury in Water and Sediment of Steamboat Creek, Nevada: Implications for Stream Restoration".
840:
Subsequent DNA testing of a museum specimen has shown his identification to be correct. The fish had been dumped in the creek in the early 20th century. A brood stock was raised at the
698:
and is restricted for ecological reasons. Access to the Needles, another spectacular tufa formation at the northern end of the lake, has also been restricted due to recent vandalism.
753:), also known as Fremont's Pyramid and Pyramid Island, is a small island near the southeastern shore of the lake. It is located approximately 1.2 miles (2 km) northeast of
1417:
and nine other parameters. Based on the use of the model, some decisions have been influenced to enhance Pyramid Lake water quality and aid the viability of Pyramid Lake
818:(the "salmon-trout" as described by Frémont) became extinct in Pyramid Lake and its tributaries. They were replaced with hatchery trout from outside the watershed.
1823:
2157:
1940:
669:. It was the deepest point of Lake Lahontan, reaching an estimated 890 feet (270 m) due to its low level relative to the surrounding basins.
1378:
757:
and slightly less than six miles (9.5 km) from the community of Sutcliffe. The white band seen to the east of the island is composed of
182:
1425:, introduced to Pyramid Lake from the Truckee River. It is suggested that mercury remediation efforts be carefully considered such that
2026:"Return of a giant: DNA from archival museum samples helps to identify a unique cutthroat trout lineage formerly thought to be extinct"
1650:
1581:
1577:
2361:
2104:
549:
John C. Frémont was the first non-indigenous person to map the lake. The name comes from a large rock formation that resembles a
725:
494:
2284:
855:
The fish are doing very well, according to the USFWS project head Lisa Heki. The fish have also been placed in California's
1449:
658:
3,802 ft (1,159 m) and the dry Winnemucca Lake bed at 3,780 ft (1,150 m) had been dry since the 1930s.
1714:
1662:
2356:
1798:
837:. The fish were tiny and in poor condition, but Behnke identified the fingerlings as the missing Pyramid Lake variety.
1824:
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Truckee Meadows Flood Control Project Nevada, General Reevaluation Report
821:
However, in 1979 a remnant population of the original Pyramid Lake cutthroat trout was discovered in a small brook on
2366:
2313:
2005:
1735:
1702:
1436:
level is about 9. Temperature ranges between near freezing (32 °F (0 °C)) to over 68 °F (20 °C).
849:
390:
2077:
Hickman, Terry J.; Behnke, Robert J. (1979). "Probable Discovery of the Original Pyramid Lake Cutthroat Trout".
1784:
841:
2341:
2090:
1965:
1573:
856:
424:. Although clear Lake Tahoe forms the headwaters that drain to Pyramid Lake, the Truckee River delivers more
20:
1638:
852:. As of 2017, 24 pound Pyramid Lake Lahontan cutthroat trout are again being caught from the Lake's waters.
428:
waters to Pyramid Lake after traversing the steep Sierra terrain and collecting moderately high silt-loaded
1944:
1790:
1468:
1442:
460:: Numu) people whose ancestors lived around the lake call themselves the Kooyooe Tukadu, "cui-ui eaters."
790:
127:
2030:
1830:
830:
94:
2133:
1697:
Egan, Ferol. Sand in a Whirlwind: The Paiute Indian War of 1860. University of Nevada Press: Nevada.
826:
576:
2371:
1651:
https://www.blm.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/Library_Nevada_CulturalResourceSeries12.pdf
815:
778:
604:
531:
445:
342:
45:
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868:
299:
1877:, Earth Metrics Inc., Environmental Protection Agency Technology Series, Washington D.C. (1987)
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695:
684:
676:
453:
2152:
DeLong, Jeff. "Giant Cutthroats Show Efforts to Restore Native Fish to Pyramid Lake Working."
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623:
321:
281:
222:
163:
2250:
713:
Indian Head Rock on the southwestern shore, October 2023. Tufa formations dot the lakeshore.
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1537:
845:
2108:
8:
1905:
30x30 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1942 reprint of 1894 map with 1911 lake levels
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822:
2220:
2305:
2232:
2228:
2054:
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786:
782:
643:
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237:
1715:
https://scholarworks.unr.edu/bitstream/handle/11714/6780/Davenport_unr_0139D_13067.pdf
1663:
https://scholarworks.unr.edu/bitstream/handle/11714/6780/Davenport_unr_0139D_13067.pdf
471:
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2001:
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Salinity increased from 0.5 to 0.7 ounces per US gallon (3.7 to 5 g/L), and the
1422:
758:
672:
563:
452:
fish, which helped sustain the populations around the lake. In fact, a major band of
1352:
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2049:
2039:
1597:"Pyramid Lake Nevada | The official site for the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe, Nevada"
1414:
1390:
371:
701:
2024:
Peacock, Mary M.; Hekkala, Evon R.; Kirchoff, Veronica S.; Heki, Lisa G. (2017).
1574:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pyramid Lake (856349)
1418:
834:
650:
556:
In the 19th century, two battles were fought near the lake, major actions in the
519:
486:
464:
413:
404:. The Truckee River enters Pyramid Lake at its southern end. Pyramid Lake is an
1978:
1463:
1382:
1362:
490:
Aerial view from the south of the Truckee River where it drains to Pyramid Lake
429:
251:
60:
1677:
583:, the irrigation scheme for which water was diverted was an economic failure.
2350:
2174:. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. p. 86
1875:
Development of a dynamic water quality simulation model for the Truckee River
1532:
1495:
1426:
1394:
1208:
795:
781:(the world record cutthroat trout was caught in Pyramid Lake). The former is
740:
727:
680:
662:
635:
610:
1936 – The Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe approved their constitution and by-laws.
539:
518:(~890 feet or 270 meters deep), the lake area has long been inhabited by the
515:
397:
386:
375:
244:
197:
184:
2168:
Spahr, Robin; Region, United States. Forest Service. Intermountain (1991).
2063:
1560:
1509:
754:
691:
550:
379:
326:
848:, and a successful reintroduction effort was mounted by the USFWS and the
603:
contributed to the decline and eventual extinction in Pyramid Lake of the
448:
it is called Kooyooe (Cui-ui) Panunadu or Kooyooe Pa'a Panunadu after the
214:
2171:
Threatened, endangered, and sensitive species of the Intermountain region
1639:
https://www.unr.edu/nevada-today/news/2021/autumn-harry-remapping-history
1522:
1386:
811:
580:
512:
409:
2044:
1633:
Jennifer Theresa Kent (2021). "Reclaiming the land, remapping history,"
626:
in western Nevada. It is in an elongated intermontane basin between the
2192:
1966:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: The Pyramid
1527:
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802:
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593:
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401:
238:
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806:
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1851:
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665:, which covered much of northwestern Nevada at the end of the last
535:
523:
417:
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or sub-surface seepage. The lake has about 10% of the area of the
1398:
761:
which came from when the lake was at or near its overflow point.
666:
613:
1987 – A water quality model was completed for the Truckee River.
560:. In the 1960s, a marker was placed commemorating these battles.
457:
770:
527:
449:
425:
167:
1389:
was developed to analyze impacts of a variety of land use and
871:(CDP) of Sutcliffe, NV, located on the shore of Pyramid Lake.
73:
19:
This article is about the lake in Nevada. For other uses, see
498:
Timothy H. O'Sullivan, Tufa Domes, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, 1867
467:
the name of the lake is Á’waku dáʔaw, meaning "trout lake."
1393:
decisions throughout the 3,120-square-mile (8,100 km)
475:
79:
2342:
Map of Public Beaches and restricted areas on Pyramid Lake
2334:
2206:
2023:
1596:
1373:
Because of the endangered species present and because the
2091:
10.1577/1548-8659(1979)41[135:PDOTOP]2.0.CO;2
2279:. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press. p. 67.
683:
is on the Truckee River to the southeast of the lake on
1616:
1433:
653:, now a dry lake bed. Prior to the construction of the
1561:"Query Form For The United States And Its Territories"
470:
The English name of the lake, given to it by explorer
825:, on the Nevada/Utah border, by Dr. Robert Behnke of
649:
In a parallel basin to the east of the Lake Range is
37:
1485:
1365:
of the lake area is the highest in northern Nevada.
596:: Paiute natives and Euro-American settlers clashed.
474:, comes from the impressive cone- or pyramid-shaped
2209:
Journal of the American Water Resources Association
1786:
The Desert Lake: The Story of Nevada's Pyramid Lake
1637:. University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed 1 Jan 2023.
599:1903 – Irrigation diversion of the Truckee via the
478:formations found in the lake and along the shores.
1672:
1670:
773:lakesucker, which is endemic to Pyramid Lake, the
1869:
1867:
1353:http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?nv7953
2348:
814:, which prevents upstream spawning. By 1939 the
705:Sagebrush in bloom along lakeshore, October 2023
571:Because of water diversion beginning in 1905 by
175:
2274:
2161:
1929:30x60 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1980
1893:30x30 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1891
1667:
661:Pyramid Lake is the largest remnant of ancient
385:Pyramid Lake is the biggest remnant of ancient
2019:
2017:
1864:
2076:
2000:. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Press. p. 92.
1889:1°x1° Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1886 and
1730:. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Press. p. 23.
1917:15 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1957
1818:
1816:
1462:Pyramid Lake was used as a stand-in for the
2299:
2167:
2014:
675:is on the west shore of Pyramid Lake along
82:formation that gives Pyramid Lake its name.
52:
2107:. Colorado Trout Unlimited. Archived from
2130:"Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex"
2053:
2043:
1813:
2038:(11). Royal Society Publishing: 171253.
1976:
1749:
1747:
1381:, a comprehensive dynamic water quality
708:
700:
622:Pyramid Lake is located in southeastern
562:
501:
493:
485:
416:, but it has about 25% more volume. The
312:3,796 ft (1,157 m) (1980 data)
2268:
1995:
1938:
1782:
1725:
378:, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of
256:1,825.8 sq mi (4,729 km)
2349:
1693:
1691:
1555:
1553:
844:'s Lahontan National Fish Hatchery in
2202:
2200:
2097:
1744:
1421:. Another contaminant of interest is
391:Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Reservation
2243:
1591:
1589:
1379:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
789:. Both species were critical to the
304:23,660,000 acre-feet (29.18 km)
134:
101:
2275:Land, Barbara; Myrick Land (1995).
1979:"The Tufas of Pyramid Lake, Nevada"
1688:
1550:
567:Water levels in the years 1887–2019
400:, which is mostly the outflow from
13:
2229:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05512.x
2197:
1939:Mueller, Michael D. (2004-04-21).
14:
2383:
2326:
1678:"Mojave Desert - John C. Fremont"
1586:
408:lake, with water leaving only by
286:188 sq mi (490 km)
1563:. U.S. Board on Geographic Names
1502:
1488:
1441:
1368:
147:Pyramid Lake (the United States)
133:
126:
100:
93:
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1873:C.M.Hogan,Marc Papineau et al.
1844:
1776:
1762:
1719:
878:Climate data for Sutcliffe, NV
867:The following data are for the
769:Major fish species include the
694:, is home to a large colony of
2362:Lakes of Washoe County, Nevada
2079:The Progressive Fish-Culturist
1707:
1655:
1643:
1627:
1609:
842:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
717:
1:
1783:Wheeler, Sessions S. (1967).
1543:
1429:production are not enhanced.
1281:Average snowfall inches (cm)
829:while he was looking for the
801:Diversion of the Truckee for
522:, who ancestrally fished the
420:is approximately 1/6 that of
150:Show map of the United States
16:Lake in Nevada, United States
1469:The Greatest Story Ever Told
833:, another subspecies of the
690:The largest tufa formation,
617:
7:
1852:"Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe"
1481:
1466:in the 1965 biblical film,
1067:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
997:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
396:Pyramid Lake is fed by the
268:29.8 mi (48.0 km)
232:pyramidal limestone columns
10:
2388:
2031:Royal Society Open Science
1996:Wheeler, Sessions (2001).
1831:US Army Corps of Engineers
1759:UK: ATV Colour Production.
1726:Wheeler, Sessions (2001).
1350:
877:
862:
831:Bonneville cutthroat trout
481:
276:8.7 mi (14.0 km)
53:
38:
18:
2357:Endorheic lakes of Nevada
2302:The Making of the Misfits
2134:Fish and Wildlife Service
1941:"Reno's best kept secret"
1621:Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe
1582:The Needle Rocks (847213)
1472:. Also, in 1961, part of
1280:
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850:Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe
827:Colorado State University
575:through Truckee Canal to
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2367:Lakes of the Great Basin
1943:. Zephyr. Archived from
1457:
816:Lahontan cutthroat trout
779:Lahontan cutthroat trout
607:, which are now stocked.
605:Lahontan cutthroat trout
532:Lahontan cutthroat trout
446:Northern Paiute language
343:Nevada Historical Marker
294:356 ft (109 m)
2277:A short history of Reno
1829:(Report). Vol. 1.
869:census-designated place
764:
696:American white pelicans
439:
2156:. n.p., 25 Feb. 2013.
2105:"Farewell to a Legend"
1887:Granite Range, Nevada,
1411:total dissolved solids
741:39.98000°N 119.50167°W
714:
706:
638:on the southwest. The
568:
508:
499:
491:
198:40.06250°N 119.56361°W
2300:James Goode (1986) .
1903:New Wadworth, Nevada,
1833:. May 2013. p. 9
1756:Pyramid Lake Is Dying
1753:Pilger, John (1976).
1391:wastewater management
712:
704:
634:on the west, and the
566:
505:
497:
489:
2308:. pp. 55, 123.
2193:USDA Plant hardiness
2154:Reno Gazette-Journal
1578:The Pyramid (848623)
1538:Walker Lake (Nevada)
1452:Pyramid Lake in 2013
927:Record high °F (°C)
846:Gardnerville, Nevada
785:, and the latter is
746:39.98000; -119.50167
594:The Pyramid Lake War
374:of the basin of the
203:40.06250; -119.56361
2221:2001JAWRA..37..795B
2045:10.1098/rsos.171253
1478:was filmed nearby.
1401:addressed included
1137:Record low °F (°C)
737: /
534:from the lake. The
194: /
2306:Limelight Editions
1770:"Pyramid Lake War"
715:
707:
646:lie to the north.
644:Smoke Creek Desert
632:Virginia Mountains
577:Lahontan reservoir
569:
509:
500:
492:
350:Reference no.
117:Show map of Nevada
114:Location in Nevada
2286:978-0-87417-262-1
1518:Black Rock Desert
1358:
1357:
759:calcium carbonate
630:on the east, the
511:A remnant of the
382:, United States.
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309:Surface elevation
2379:
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2335:Official website
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798:will not hatch.
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336:GNIS ID: 856349
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2372:Lakes of Nevada
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1998:The Desert Lake
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1728:The Desert Lake
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835:cutthroat trout
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685:State Route 447
677:State Route 445
651:Winnemucca Lake
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472:John C. Frémont
454:Northern Paiute
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414:Great Salt Lake
372:geographic sink
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239:Primary inflows
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2327:External links
2325:
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2251:"PYRAMID LAKE"
2242:
2215:(4): 795–804.
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2096:
2085:(3): 135–137.
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1977:Larry Benson.
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1915:Nixon, Nevada.
1907:
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1983:pubs.usgs.gov
1980:
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1956:(dead link: )
1947:on 2007-07-11
1946:
1942:
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1927:Reno, Nevada,
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1533:Humboldt Sink
1531:
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1496:Nevada portal
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1427:methylmercury
1424:
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1395:Truckee River
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1369:Water quality
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1209:precipitation
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1199:
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711:
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663:Lake Lahontan
659:
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636:Pah Rah Range
633:
629:
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624:Washoe County
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398:Truckee River
394:
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387:Lake Lahontan
383:
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376:Truckee River
373:
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164:Washoe County
162:
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129:
96:
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62:
51:
47:
36:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2301:
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2276:
2270:
2260:13 September
2258:. Retrieved
2254:
2245:
2212:
2208:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2170:
2163:
2153:
2148:
2137:. Retrieved
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2099:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2035:
2029:
1997:
1991:
1982:
1972:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:the original
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1855:. Retrieved
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1804:. Retrieved
1791:Caxton Press
1785:
1778:
1764:
1755:
1727:
1721:
1709:
1681:
1657:
1645:
1635:Nevada Today
1634:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1565:. Retrieved
1510:Lakes portal
1473:
1467:
1461:
1431:
1372:
1360:
1211:inches (mm)
866:
854:
839:
820:
812:fish ladders
800:
768:
755:Anaho Island
721:
692:Anaho Island
689:
671:
660:
648:
621:
570:
555:
551:bent pyramid
548:
545:
510:
469:
462:
443:
434:
395:
384:
380:Reno, Nevada
368:Pyramid Lake
367:
366:
327:Anaho Island
300:Water volume
282:Surface area
141:Pyramid Lake
108:Pyramid Lake
54:Á’waku dáʔaw
29:Pyramid Lake
21:Pyramid Lake
1523:Carson Sink
1475:The Misfits
1405:, reactive
1387:DSSAM Model
744: /
732:119°30′06″W
718:The Pyramid
581:John Pilger
513:Pleistocene
410:evaporation
265:Max. length
201: /
189:119°33′49″W
176:Coordinates
2351:Categories
2139:2019-02-13
2115:2013-11-10
1951:2007-11-09
1857:2010-05-30
1837:2018-11-02
1806:2018-11-02
1602:2021-01-31
1567:2010-05-18
1544:References
1528:Honey Lake
1375:Lake Tahoe
1361:At 8b the
823:Pilot Peak
803:irrigation
787:threatened
783:endangered
729:39°58′48″N
628:Lake Range
587:Chronology
558:Paiute War
402:Lake Tahoe
333:References
291:Max. depth
273:Max. width
186:40°03′45″N
2237:128613091
2178:12 August
1407:phosphate
807:Derby Dam
673:Sutcliffe
655:Derby Dam
640:Fox Range
618:Geography
601:Derby Dam
573:Derby Dam
422:sea water
406:endorheic
229:Etymology
223:salt lake
220:endorheic
215:Lake type
2064:29291110
1482:See also
1403:nitrogen
1399:Analytes
1351:Source:
1346:(14.02)
1276:(185.5)
1207:Average
775:Tui chub
642:and the
536:Shoshone
524:Tui chub
418:salinity
160:Location
2217:Bibcode
2055:5717685
1423:mercury
1397:Basin.
1336:(0.76)
1331:(0.25)
1301:(0.51)
1127:(−1.3)
1112:(12.9)
1107:(17.1)
1102:(17.4)
1097:(13.0)
1077:(−0.4)
1072:(−1.7)
1062:(18.2)
1052:(11.8)
1047:(18.6)
1042:(25.8)
1037:(30.8)
1032:(31.6)
1027:(26.6)
1022:(21.1)
1017:(16.4)
1012:(12.9)
863:Climate
667:ice age
592:1860 –
507:sheets.
482:History
458:endonym
370:is the
322:Islands
2312:
2283:
2235:
2062:
2052:
2004:
1797:
1734:
1701:
1617:"Home"
1385:, the
1341:(2.3)
1296:(1.8)
1291:(3.3)
1286:(5.1)
1256:(6.6)
1251:(4.6)
1246:(4.3)
1202:(−22)
1197:(−22)
1192:(−10)
1187:(−10)
1152:(−12)
1147:(−20)
1142:(−13)
1132:(6.8)
1122:(2.4)
1117:(7.3)
1092:(8.6)
1087:(4.4)
1082:(2.1)
1057:(7.2)
1007:(8.7)
1002:(6.8)
883:Month
791:Paiute
771:Cui-ui
530:, and
528:Cui-ui
520:Paiute
450:cui-ui
426:turbid
168:Nevada
57:
42:
2233:S2CID
1827:(PDF)
1458:Media
1419:biota
1271:(24)
1266:(22)
1261:(12)
1241:(14)
1236:(16)
1231:(11)
1226:(18)
1221:(19)
1216:(34)
1182:(−2)
1162:(−2)
1157:(−6)
992:(41)
987:(23)
982:(26)
977:(32)
972:(37)
967:(39)
962:(41)
957:(39)
952:(37)
947:(33)
942:(24)
937:(23)
932:(18)
922:Year
681:Nixon
540:Washo
465:Washo
61:Washo
2310:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2262:2017
2180:2013
2060:PMID
2002:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1326:(0)
1321:(0)
1316:(0)
1311:(0)
1306:(0)
1274:7.31
1269:0.95
1264:0.85
1259:0.46
1254:0.26
1249:0.18
1244:0.17
1239:0.56
1234:0.63
1229:0.44
1224:0.70
1219:0.76
1214:1.35
1177:(6)
1172:(8)
1167:(2)
1130:44.3
1125:29.6
1120:36.3
1115:45.2
1110:55.3
1105:62.8
1100:63.3
1095:55.4
1090:47.5
1085:40.0
1080:35.8
1075:31.2
1070:29.0
1060:64.7
1055:45.0
1050:53.2
1045:65.5
1040:78.5
1035:87.4
1030:88.8
1025:79.8
1020:70.0
1015:61.5
1010:55.2
1005:47.7
1000:44.3
919:Dec
916:Nov
913:Oct
910:Sep
907:Aug
904:Jul
901:Jun
898:May
895:Apr
892:Mar
889:Feb
886:Jan
796:eggs
777:and
765:Fish
538:and
476:tufa
440:Name
80:tufa
78:The
2225:doi
2087:doi
2050:PMC
2040:doi
1344:5.5
1339:0.9
1334:0.3
1329:0.1
1299:0.2
1294:0.7
1289:1.3
1284:2.0
990:105
965:103
960:105
955:103
805:at
463:In
444:In
2353::
2304:.
2253:.
2231:.
2223:.
2213:37
2211:.
2199:^
2132:.
2083:41
2081:.
2058:.
2048:.
2034:.
2028:.
2016:^
1981:.
1866:^
1815:^
1789:.
1746:^
1690:^
1680:.
1669:^
1619:.
1588:^
1580:,
1576:;
1552:^
1434:pH
1413:,
1409:,
1200:−8
1195:−8
1190:14
1185:14
1180:29
1175:43
1170:46
1165:36
1160:28
1155:22
1150:10
1145:−4
985:73
980:79
975:90
970:98
950:99
945:92
940:76
935:73
930:65
687:.
679:.
553:.
526:,
432:.
393:.
353:18
166:,
2318:.
2289:.
2264:.
2239:.
2227::
2219::
2182:.
2142:.
2118:.
2093:.
2089::
2066:.
2042::
2036:4
2010:.
1985:.
1954:.
1860:.
1840:.
1809:.
1772:.
1740:.
1684:.
1623:.
1605:.
1570:.
1324:0
1319:0
1314:0
1309:0
1304:0
1140:9
456:(
63:)
59:(
48:)
44:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
