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391:. The couple wanted a companion for their daughter, Lizzie. The Winnemucca girls also did domestic work in the house. They had a chance to improve their English and learn more about European-American ways. After having some time to assimilate the difference between the two cultures, Winnemucca particularly began to be at ease in going back and forth between Paiute and European-American culture. She was one of the few Paiute in Nevada who knew how to read and write English, and her family all spoke English. She took on the English name Sarah. Winnemucca also spoke Spanish.
561:, whom she had met during his visit to the reservation; she also acted as a scout and messenger. According to her account, the Bannock warriors and the Army soldiers liked each other so much that they rarely shot to kill. For whatever reason, casualties were relatively few. Winnemucca was highly regarded by the officers she worked for, and she included letters of recommendation from several of them in her 1883 book. Impressed by many of the officers, Winnemucca began to support the U.S. Army's position to have the military take over administration of the
526:. The Paiute were sorry to see Parrish leave. A proponent of extermination-style warfare, Rinehart emphasized keeping the Paiute under his thumb. He reversed many of the policies that Parrish had initiated, telling the Paiute the reservation land belonged to the government. He failed to pay their workers for agricultural labor in communal fields, and alienated many tribal leaders. Conditions at the
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514:. He abandoned her, and she returned to Camp McDermit. In 1876, after having moved to Malheur Reservation, she got a divorce and filed to take back her name of Winnemucca, which the court granted. In the divorce decree, Sarah stated what she did to support herself when her husband left her with no money, writing, "I did sewing. I made gloves for a living."
502:. She found in observing Parrish that he worked well with the Paiute; he encouraged them in learning some new ways and helped them plant crops that could support the people, establishing a well-managed agricultural program. He had a school built at the reservation, and Winnemucca became an assistant teacher.
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In 1883, the
Hopkinses traveled east, where Winnemucca delivered nearly 300 lectures throughout major cities of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, seeking to heighten awareness of injustice against Native Americans. The press reported her talks and sometimes referred to her as the "Paiute Princess" or
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In Nevada, U.S. forces repeatedly acted against Native
Americans to "remind them of who was in charge." The Natives were repeatedly accused of raids and cattle stealing. In 1865, Almond B. Wells led a Nevada Volunteer cavalry in indiscriminate raids across the northern part of the state, attacking
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The Paiute and whites reached a truce that lasted four years, but it was a difficult time for the Paiute who lived on the
Pyramid Lake Reservation, giving up their hunter-gatherer way of life. After the first year, they did not receive the promised supplies from the government and did not have the
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books written by an
American Indian," frequently cited by scholars. Following the publication of the book, Winnemucca toured the Eastern United States, giving lectures about her people in New England, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C. She returned to the West, founding a private school for Native
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Knowing the temper of the people through whom they must pass, still smarting from the barbarities of the war two years previous, and that the
Paiutes, utterly destitute of everything, must subsist themselves on their route by pillage, I refused permission for them to depart... and soon after, on
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Sarah had an older sister Mary, younger brother
Natchez, and sister Elma. She and her family spent her early childhood in eastern Oregon and western Nevada. She learned the ways of her people, including fishing and gathering plants. At the age of six, Winnemucca traveled with her family to near
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Winnemucca's legacy has been controversial. Some biographers have wished to remember her primarily for her activism and social work to better the conditions for her people, while others have criticized her for her tendency to exaggerate her social status among the Paiute. Among the Paiute, her
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being more correctly informed of the state of affairs, the Hon. Secretary revoked his permission though no determination as to their permanent location was arrived at. This was a great disappointment to the
Paiutes and the greatest caution and care was necessary in dealing with them.
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The chief's two wives (including
Winnemucca's mother) and infant son were killed. Although Winnemucca's sister Mary escaped from camp, she died later that winter due to the severe conditions. Her younger sister Elma was out of the area, as she had been adopted by a French family in
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was appointed as its first governor. When he came to the territory, he went to the
Pyramid Lake Reservation, where he met Old Winnemucca, Young Winnemucca and the Paiute, who put on a grand display. In October 1860, their grandfather Truckee died of a
645:. While there, she met and became close to Lieutenant Lewis H. Hopkins, an Indian Department employee. They married that year in San Francisco. Winnemucca's husband had contributed to his wife's efforts by gathering material for the book at the
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In her 1883 book, Winnemucca recounted that
Rinehart sold supplies intended for the Paiute people to local whites. Much of the good land on the reservation was illegally expropriated by white settlers. In 1878, virtually all of the Paiute and
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Anthropologist Omer C. Stewart has described Winnemucca's book about the Paiute as "one of the first and one of the most enduring ethnohistorical books written by an American Indian," frequently cited by scholars through the 20th
269:(1883), a book that is both a memoir and history of her people during their first 40 years of contact with European Americans. It is considered the "first known autobiography written by a Native American woman." Anthropologist
1808:
Lape, Noreen Groover. "'I Would Rather Be with My People, but Not to Live with Them as They Live': Cultural Liminality and Double Consciousness in Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins's" Life among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims,"
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on the plight of her people. During the winter of 1879 and 1880, she, her father, and two other Winnemucca visited Washington, D.C. to lobby for release of the Paiute from the Yakama Reservation. They gained permission from
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With the decreasing pressure of new migrants in the region attracted to the Washoe silver finds, Old Winnemucca arranged in 1859 to have his daughters returned to him again in Nevada. In 1860, open conflict occurred. At
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at the Lone Mountain Cemetery. Despite a bequest from Mary Peabody Mann and efforts to turn the school into a technical training center, Winnemucca was struggling financially by the time of her husband's death in 1887.
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Winnemucca accompanied them to serve as a translator. Since she had an official job, she was not required to live on a reservation. Outraged by the harsh conditions forced on the Paiute, she began to lecture across
260:, she traveled to Washington, D.C. to lobby Congress and the executive branch for their release. She also served U.S. forces as a messenger, interpreter, and guide, and as a teacher for imprisoned Native Americans.
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In 1868, about 490 Paiute survivors moved to a Camp McDermit, on the Nevada–Oregon border. They sought protection from the U.S. Army against the Nevada Volunteers. In 1872, the federal government established the
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prompted the federal government to promote education for Native American children at English-language boarding schools. Winnemucca's school was closed in 1887 and the children were transferred to a facility in
550:(1878). The degree to which Northern Paiute people participated with the Bannock is unclear. Winnemucca wrote that she and several other Paiute families were held hostage by the Bannock during the war.
420:. Settlers were alarmed at how well the Paiute fought and the ill-prepared miners could not hold their own. Young Winnemucca, Sarah's cousin, led the Paiute as a war chief during the war.
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After returning to Nevada in 1884, Winnemucca spent a year lecturing in San Francisco. When she returned again to Pyramid Lake, she and her brother built a school for Indian children at
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209:, into an influential Northern Paiute family who led their community in pursuing friendly relations with the arriving groups of Anglo-American settlers. She was the daughter of
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peoples in the area. Three bands of Paiute moved there at the time. In 1875, Winnemucca, her brother Natchez and his family, and their father Old Winnemucca moved there, too.
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610:, for the Paiute to be allowed to return to Malheur, at their own expense. Instead, the government decided to "discontinue" the Malheur Reservation in 1879, closing it.
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383:, where the adults worked in the cattle industry. In 1857, her grandfather arranged for Winnemucca (then 13) and her sister Elma to live and work in the household of
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In 1871, at the age of 27, Winnemucca began working in the Bureau of Indian Affairs at Fort McDermitt as an interpreter, and later was invited to interpret at the
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training needed to be effective farmers. Many Paiute starved to death. After Winnemucca begged for food for her people, military officials at Camp McDermit (later
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erupted between the Pyramid Lake Paiute and the settlers, including some who were friends of the Winnemucca family, Sarah and some of her family traveled to
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Since the late 20th century, scholars have paid renewed attention to Winnemucca for her accomplishments. In 1993, she was inducted posthumously into the
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Powell, M. (2005). "Princess Sarah, the Civilized Indian: The Rhetoric of Cultural Literacies in Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins's 'Life Among the Piutes'."
412:, two Paiute girls were kidnapped and abused, leading the Paiute to kill five men at the station. Settlers and miners organized a militia, with Major
832:. The original letter was addressed to Major H. Douglass. Forwarded by him, with his report as Indian Superintendent, Nevada, to Ely Samuel Parker.
698:; they began to promote her speaking career. In addition, the two women helped her to compile and prepare her lecture materials for publication as
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Tisinger, Danielle. "Textual Performance and the Western Frontier: Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins's" Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims"."
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to escape the fighting. They made a living performing onstage as "A Paiute Royal Family." In 1865, while the Winnemucca family was away, their
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For the next five years (1860–1865), Winnemucca and her family frequently traveled away from the reservation, performing on stage, either in
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Winnemucca spent the last four years of her life retired from public activity. She died of tuberculosis at her sister Elma Smith's home at
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589:), where they endured great deprivation. A total of 543 Paiute were interned in what has been described as a "concentration camp."
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Sarah Bartlett v. Edward C. Bartlett: Divorce Decree 1876. Nevada State Library, Archives, and Public Records Digital Collections.
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Omer Stewart, Review: "Gae Whitney Canfield, 'Sarah Winnemucca of the Northern Paiutes', Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, 1983"
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467:. There Elma Winnemucca married John Smith, a white man, and moved with him to a white community in Montana and, later, Idaho.
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was attacked by the U.S. cavalry, who killed 29 Paiutes, including Sarah's mother and several members of her extended family.
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375:(1846–1848), earning many white friends and leading the way for his extended family's relationships with European Americans.
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assistance to the U.S. military at a time when they were at war with the Paiute has been criticized, as has her advocacy for
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left the reservation because of these abuses and their difficulties in living. The Bannock from southern Idaho had left the
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702:. Her book was published in 1883, the "first known autobiography written by a Native American woman" and the first U.S.
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Sarah Winnemucca's practical solution of the Indian problem : a letter to Dr. Lyman Abbot of the 'Christian Union'
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of 1887 required allotment of communal lands on reservations to individual households to force assimilation of tribes.
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in Boston, operated for a couple of years. Changes in federal policy following what was considered the success of the
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to Anglo-American culture. Still, Paiute have also recognized her social work and activism for Indigenous rights.
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Numaga, or "Young Winnemucca", Sarah Winnemucca's cousin and war leader of the Paiute in the Pyramid Lake War.
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Voices of American Indian Assimilation and Resistance: Helen Hunt Jackson, Sarah Winnemucca, Victoria Howard.
713:, in order to promote the Paiute culture and language. The Peabody Indian School, named for their benefactor
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1255:"Sarah Winnemucca Devoted Her Life to Protecting Native Americans in the Face of an Expanding United States"
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leading it by default. He was killed by the Paiute in a disciplined confrontation in the first event of the
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Scholten, P. C. (1977). "Exploitation of ethos: Sarah Winnemucca and Bright Eyes on the lecture tour,"
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The newspaper warrior : Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins's campaign for American Indian rights, 1864-1891
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leaders as Indian agents to reservations and intending to eradicate problems of corruption that way.
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Winnemucca married Edward Bartlett, a former First Lieutenant in the Army, on January 29, 1872, at
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The Newspaper Warrior: Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins's Campaign for American Indian Rights, 1864–1891
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Letter ... to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Parker : Camp McDermit, Nevada, 1870 April 4
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Lukens, M. (1998). Her" Wrongs and Claims": Sarah Winnemucca's Strategic Narratives of Abuse.
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due to similar problems. They moved west, raiding isolated white settlements in southern
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by U.S. Army forces in Montana, President Grant had promoted a peace policy, appointing
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Following the Bannock War, the Northern Paiute bands were ordered from Nevada to the
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Sarah Winnemucca, performing as "Princess Winnemucca", daughter of Chief Winnemucca
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As a mark of development, Nevada was established as a distinct U.S. Territory, and
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in 1871 as an interpreter. Subsequently, Winnemucca became an advocate for the
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edited by Cari M. Carpenter and Carolyn Sorisio. (U of Nebraska Press, 2015)
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In 1993, Sarah Winnemucca was inducted into the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame.
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Winnemucca, Sarah (June 2015). Cari M. Carpenter; Carolyn Sorisio (eds.).
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1467:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 197–199, 213–214.
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Powell, M. D. (2006). Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins: Her Wrongs and Claims.
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766:. Bronze, over life-size, 2005. National Statuary Hall, Washington, DC.
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345:. Her father was an influential war chief of a small band of about 150
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During the Bannock War, Winnemucca worked as a translator for General
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Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the Year 1881
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Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the Year 1881
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American Indian Rhetorics of Survivance: Word Medicine, Word Magic
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Frontier Regulars the United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891
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Although Sarah later said that her father was chief of all of the
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Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins letter, to Grover Cleveland, 1885 March 6
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Scherer, Joanna Cohan. "The public faces of Sarah Winnemucca."
1452:. St. Nicholas magazine, Scribner & Company. pp. 820–.
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during his 1843–45 survey and map-making expedition across the
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described it as "one of the first and one of the most enduring
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writer, activist, lecturer, teacher, and school organizer. Her
1578:"Native American Heritage Month: Celebrating Sarah Winnemucca"
649:. But, he ran through Winnemucca's money. Her husband died of
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Northern Paiute author, activist, and educator (c. 1844 –1891)
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
1667:"Nevada Writers Hall of Fame inductees from two worlds, eras"
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Utley, Robert M. (1973). "Grant's Peace Policy, 1869-74".
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Fowler, Catherine. 1994. "Foreword" in Sarah Winnemucca,
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who had joined the Paiute through marriage, and his wife
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Chief Sarah: Sarah Winnemucca's Fight for Indian Rights.
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and his wife; he had a hotel and was a civic leader of
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Speaks: Sarah Winnemucca's Hybrid Selves and Genres."
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Paiute bands. While Winnemucca and her father were in
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was named after her father. Winnemucca's grandfather,
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hired Winnemucca to teach Shoshone prisoners held at
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Parrish was replaced in the summer of 1876 by agent
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Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology,
1016:"SARAH WINNEMUCCA – Nevada Women's History Project"
905:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
1765:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
881:Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer; Abbott, Lyman (1886).
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938:, the Paiute had no such centralized leadership.
785:In 1994, Sarah Winnemucca was inducted into the
1719:National Women's Hall of Fame, Sarah Winnemucca
1388:. Reno NV: University of Nevada Press. p.
1185:"The Silver State (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925"
1135:Life Among the Paiutes: Their Wrongs and Claims
1110:"Nevada Writers Hall of Fame: Sarah Winnemucca"
887:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: J. Wilson and Son.
217:. At 16, Sarah studied at a Catholic school in
1949:Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims
841:Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims
266:Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims
213:of the Paiute nation and the granddaughter of
118:Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims
2008:
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289:. In 2005, the state of Nevada contributed a
371:to California. Later, Truckee fought in the
106:Activist and spokeswoman for Northern Paiute
1832:Rhetorical Women: Roles and Representations
995:Nevada State Historical Preservation Office
875:With Winnemucca or her papers or lecturers
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475:in eastern Oregon, designated by President
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2015:
2001:
1698:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 229––300.
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4128:Founders of American schools and colleges
792:In 2005, the state of Nevada contributed
782:elementary school was named in her honor.
1762:Sarah Winnemucca of the Northern Paiutes
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1869:Western Journal of Speech Communication
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991:"Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins (1844-1891)"
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1099:5(2), 1983, accessed 12 February 2014
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1986:"Sarah Winnemucca Statue Dedication"
1446:Howard, Major-General O. O. (1908).
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1189:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C
1137:, University of Nebraska Press, p. 3
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706:secured by a Native American woman.
565:, rather than political appointees.
546:and northern Nevada, triggering the
4173:People from Humboldt County, Nevada
4098:19th-century American women writers
1576:Maloney, Wendi (November 2, 2017).
1055:
13:
4178:People from Malheur County, Oregon
4133:History of Humboldt County, Nevada
4108:19th-century Native American women
1965:, Nevada Women's History Project,
1780:
1692:Zanjani, Sally (January 1, 2004).
1512:
632:
240:At 27, Sarah began working in the
14:
4229:
4198:19th-century American translators
4153:Native American history of Nevada
2175:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
1882:
1850:, Oxford University Press, 2000.
1052:website, accessed 11 February 204
1033:
505:
299:National Statuary Hall Collection
4213:Native American women memoirists
4208:People from Washington Territory
4113:19th-century American memoirists
1449:Toc-Me-To-Ne, An Indian Princess
447:at Maguire's Opera House, or in
4118:19th-century American educators
3245:Harriet Williams Russell Strong
1752:
1723:
1712:
1685:
1659:
1633:
1607:
1569:
1506:
1481:
1456:
1439:
1418:
1373:
1253:Eves, Rosalyn (July 27, 2016).
1177:
1164:
941:
928:
201:Sarah Winnemucca was born near
2924:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
1759:Canfield, Gae Whitney (1988).
1673:. November 4, 1993. p. 31
1647:. December 2, 1994. p. 49
1489:"Today in History: October 14"
1152:
1127:
1102:
1008:
983:
517:
321:Born "somewhere near 1844" at
169:Sarah (née Winnemucca) Hopkins
1:
4158:Native American women writers
4103:19th-century Native Americans
4093:19th-century American writers
3894:
3566:
3071:
2396:
2227:
2036:
2025:National Women's Hall of Fame
1956:Biography: "Sarah Winnemucca"
1797:Hopkins, Sarah Winnemucca.
1174:University of Nebraska Press.
962:
787:National Women's Hall of Fame
686:, Winnemucca met the sisters
172:
3271:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
1937:Resources in other libraries
1913:Resources in other libraries
1731:"Celebrate Sarah Winnemucca"
1046:: "Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins"
763:Monument to Sarah Winnemucca
530:quickly became intolerable.
479:for the Northern Paiute and
44:Thocmentony ("Shell Flower")
7:
3454:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
2858:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
1952:(1883). Full e-text online.
1876:Western American Literature
287:Nevada Writers Hall of Fame
10:
4234:
4218:Native American memoirists
3010:Katharine Dexter McCormick
2308:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
1975:"Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins"
1967:University of Nevada, Reno
1947:Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins,
1786:Carpenter, C. M. (2003). "
1737:. March 9, 2005. p. 1
1114:University of Nevada, Reno
844:. G.P Putnam's Sons. 1883.
569:Move to Yakama Reservation
395:Pyramid Lake War and stage
250:rights of Native Americans
178:– October 17, 1891) was a
4183:American women memoirists
4148:Native American activists
4001:
3945:
3904:
3900:
3889:
3820:
3759:
3698:
3642:
3576:
3572:
3561:
3492:
3436:
3375:
3304:
3263:
3187:
3081:
3077:
3066:
2942:
2876:
2868:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
2775:
2639:
2453:
2437:
2406:
2402:
2391:
2347:
2321:
2300:
2279:
2258:
2237:
2233:
2222:
2183:
2157:
2046:
2042:
2031:
1988:. C-SPAN. March 19, 2005.
1932:Resources in your library
1908:Resources in your library
1864:3, no. 2 (1988): 178–204.
1823:Morrison, Dorothy Nafus.
1811:American Indian Quarterly
752:
604:Secretary of the Interior
583:Yakama Indian Reservation
155:
135:
125:
110:
102:
94:
86:
78:
59:
39:
30:
23:
3099:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
2909:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
2682:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
1641:"Hall of Fame Inductees"
1582:Library of Congress Blog
921:
808:
724:Grand Junction, Colorado
487:Teaching and interpreter
242:Bureau of Indian Affairs
3589:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
3479:Catherine Filene Shouse
3332:Patricia Roberts Harris
2970:Mary Steichen Calderone
2838:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
2707:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
2511:Martha Wright Griffiths
1979:University of Minnesota
1794:, 19(1), 71–80. Chicago
1613:
1380:Zanjani, Sally (2001).
1050:University of Minnesota
325:in what is now western
311:assimilation of Natives
221:, California. When the
194:, which translates as "
131:Lewis H. Hopkins (1881)
90:Sarah Winnemuca Hopkins
4163:Northern Paiute people
3535:Rebecca Talbot Perkins
3030:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
2894:Frances Xavier Cabrini
2808:Elizabeth Hanford Dole
2586:Ellen Swallow Richards
2556:Constance Baker Motley
2206:Elizabeth Bayley Seton
2139:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
798:National Statuary Hall
794:a statue of Winnemucca
767:
719:Carlisle Indian School
704:copyright registration
671:
630:
578:
465:Marysville, California
404:
129:Edward Bartlett (1872)
4049:Anna Wessels Williams
3736:Carlotta Walls LaNier
3469:Elisabeth KĂĽbler-Ross
3327:Martha Matilda Harper
3291:Mary Engle Pennington
3129:Frances Oldham Kelsey
2914:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
2667:Jane Cunningham Croly
2596:Katherine Siva Saubel
2491:Marian Wright Edelman
2414:Margaret Bourke-White
2339:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1973:Voices from the Gaps:
1862:Cultural Anthropology
1620:Oxford Bibliographies
1616:"Dawes Severalty Act"
846:(new edition in 1994
780:Washoe County, Nevada
760:
737:Later years and death
700:Life Among the Piutes
669:
612:
576:
540:Fort Hall Reservation
445:Virginia City, Nevada
402:
317:Early life and family
278:American children in
263:Winnemucca published
3746:Mary Harriman Rumsey
3584:St. Katharine Drexel
3428:Mary Burnett Talbert
3423:Blanche Stuart Scott
3408:Mother Marianne Cope
3388:Ruth Fulton Benedict
3347:Mildred Robbins Leet
3045:Angelina Grimké Weld
2919:Maria Goeppert Mayer
2889:Charlotte Anne Bunch
2466:Antoinette Blackwell
2445:Gertrude Belle Elion
2375:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
2144:Helen Brooke Taussig
2134:Margaret Chase Smith
1735:Reno Gazette-Journal
1671:Reno Gazette-Journal
1645:Reno Gazette-Journal
1614:Washburn, Kathleen.
1259:Smithsonian Magazine
1170:Zanjani, S. (2004).
1044:Voices from the Gaps
662:Lectures and writing
587:Washington Territory
512:Salt Lake City, Utah
381:Stockton, California
373:Mexican–American War
349:people. The town of
4193:Writers from Oregon
4188:Writers from Nevada
3963:Rebecca S. Halstead
3937:Mary Church Terrell
3624:Barbara A. Mikulski
3352:Patsy Takemoto Mink
3337:Stephanie L. Kwolek
3276:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
3250:Emily Howell Warner
3195:Dorothy H. Andersen
3169:Annie Dodge Wauneka
3164:Mary Edwards Walker
3089:Faye Glenn Abdellah
3020:Edith Nourse Rogers
3000:Shirley Ann Jackson
2975:Mary Ann Shadd Cary
2853:Sandra Day O'Connor
2833:Matilda Joslyn Gage
2429:Florence B. Seibert
2266:Carrie Chapman Catt
2196:Juliette Gordon Low
2079:Elizabeth Blackwell
2074:Mary McLeod Bethune
1921:By Sarah Winnemucca
1844:Pritzker, Barry M.
1554:, pp. 248–253.
1542:, pp. 252–253.
1517:, pp. 174, 175
1493:Library of Congress
1415:, pp. 109–110.
1158:Senier, S. (2001).
1020:www.nevadawomen.org
859:Winnemucca, Sarah,
819:Winnemucca, Sarah,
731:Dawes Severalty Act
647:Library of Congress
563:Indian reservations
528:Malheur Reservation
524:William V. Rinehart
493:Malheur Reservation
473:Malheur Reservation
389:Carson City, Nevada
148:Tuboitonie (mother)
3922:Barbara Rose Johns
3873:Flossie Wong-Staal
3848:Nicole Malachowski
3777:Lorraine Hansberry
3721:Marcia Greenberger
3675:Mary Joseph Rogers
3614:Coretta Scott King
3599:Abby Kelley Foster
3515:Susan Kelly-Dreiss
3403:Rita Rossi Colwell
3179:Frances E. Willard
3015:Rozanne L. Ridgway
2965:Lydia Moss Bradley
2950:Madeleine Albright
2843:Nannerl O. Keohane
2813:Anne Dallas Dudley
2742:Betty Bone Schiess
2712:Susette La Flesche
2697:Zora Neale Hurston
2692:Helen LaKelly Hunt
2616:Madam C. J. Walker
2531:Mary Putnam Jacobi
2481:Jacqueline Cochran
2461:Ethel Percy Andrus
2329:Barbara McClintock
1961:2012-09-14 at the
1513:Wilbur, James H.,
1298:, pp. 13, 24.
800:Collection in the
768:
672:
643:Vancouver Barracks
579:
405:
351:Winnemucca, Nevada
254:Yakima, Washington
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4024:Kimberlé Crenshaw
4019:Elouise P. Cobell
3983:Katherine Johnson
3953:Octavia E. Butler
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3792:Clare Boothe Luce
3604:Helen Murray Free
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3418:Patricia A. Locke
3383:Florence E. Allen
3367:Sheila E. Widnall
3312:Linda G. Alvarado
3296:Mercy Otis Warren
3255:Victoria Woodhull
3240:Barbara Holdridge
3235:Beatrice A. Hicks
3210:Lydia Maria Child
3124:Leontine T. Kelly
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
2884:Louisa May Alcott
2798:Mary Breckinridge
2677:Geraldine Ferraro
2662:Annie Jump Cannon
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2124:Eleanor Roosevelt
2023:Inductees to the
1889:Library resources
1871:, 41(4), 233–244.
1856:978-0-19-513877-1
1772:978-0-8061-2090-4
1705:978-0-8032-9921-4
1370:, pp. 94–99.
1346:, pp. 44–45.
1286:, pp. 24–25.
1172:Sarah Winnemucca.
912:978-0-8032-4368-2
852:978-0-259-44619-4
715:Mary Peabody Mann
692:Mary Peabody Mann
688:Elizabeth Peabody
637:In 1881, General
620:James H. Wilbur,
500:Samuel B. Parrish
428:) sent supplies.
166:
165:
67:(aged 46–47)
4225:
3902:
3901:
3891:
3890:
3858:Louise Slaughter
3782:Victoria Jackson
3741:Philippa Marrack
3726:Barbara Iglewski
3634:Kathrine Switzer
3629:Donna E. Shalala
3574:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3520:Allie B. Latimer
3500:Louise Bourgeois
3474:Judith L. Pipher
3281:Katharine Graham
3225:Marian de Forest
3144:Anna Howard Shaw
3094:Emma Smith DeVoe
3079:
3078:
3068:
3067:
2980:Joan Ganz Cooney
2904:Oveta Culp Hobby
2899:Mary A. Hallaren
2762:Sarah Winnemucca
2631:Gloria Yerkovich
2626:Rosalyn S. Yalow
2581:Jeannette Rankin
2561:Georgia O'Keeffe
2516:Fannie Lou Hamer
2476:Shirley Chisholm
2424:Billie Jean King
2404:
2403:
2393:
2392:
2355:Gwendolyn Brooks
2235:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2064:Susan B. Anthony
2044:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1894:Sarah Winnemucca
1878:(2002): 170–194.
1818:WĂÄŤazo Ĺ a Review
1813:(1998): 259–279.
1776:
1747:
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1744:
1742:
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1695:Sarah Winnemucca
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831:
711:Lovelock, Nevada
670:Sarah Winnemucca
639:Oliver O. Howard
628:
555:Oliver O. Howard
477:Ulysses S. Grant
418:Pyramid Lake War
410:Williams Station
280:Lovelock, Nevada
211:Chief Winnemucca
177:
174:
113:
98:Author, educator
87:Other names
66:
63:October 16, 1891
35:
25:Sarah Winnemucca
21:
20:
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4054:Serena Williams
3997:
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3927:Henrietta Lacks
3917:Barbara Hillary
3912:Aretha Franklin
3896:
3877:
3863:Sonia Sotomayor
3816:
3755:
3706:Tenley Albright
3694:
3680:Bernice Sandler
3638:
3619:Lilly Ledbetter
3594:Loretta C. Ford
3568:
3549:
3488:
3484:Henrietta Szold
3444:Eleanor K. Baum
3432:
3398:Hillary Clinton
3371:
3322:Gertrude Ederle
3317:Donna de Varona
3300:
3259:
3205:Rosalynn Carter
3183:
3159:Wilma L. Vaught
3114:Crystal Eastman
3109:Sylvia A. Earle
3073:
3054:
3050:Chien-Shiung Wu
3025:Felice Schwartz
2995:Julia Ward Howe
2938:
2929:Maria Tallchief
2872:
2828:Margaret Fuller
2823:Ella Fitzgerald
2818:Mary Baker Eddy
2771:
2727:Antonia Novello
2702:Anne Hutchinson
2635:
2576:Esther Peterson
2551:Wilma Mankiller
2471:Emily Blackwell
2449:
2433:
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2271:Frances Perkins
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2250:Sojourner Truth
2245:Margaret Sanger
2229:
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2099:Emily Dickinson
2059:Marian Anderson
2038:
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1984:
1963:Wayback Machine
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949:Marias Massacre
947:After the 1870
946:
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936:Northern Paiute
933:
929:
924:
913:
879:1886 pamphlet,
838:
811:
755:
739:
677:Indian princess
664:
635:
633:Second marriage
629:
619:
571:
520:
508:
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397:
365:John C. Frémont
347:Northern Paiute
319:
295:Benjamin Victor
275:ethnohistorical
190:, also spelled
184:Northern Paiute
180:Northern Paiute
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82:Northern Paiute
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1364:
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4143:Interpreters
4083:1840s births
4039:Loretta Ross
4014:Ruby Bridges
3958:Judy Chicago
3853:Rose O'Neill
3833:Angela Davis
3812:Alice Waters
3807:Janet Rowley
3802:Carol Mutter
3690:Emma Willard
3670:Nancy Pelosi
3665:Kate Millett
3530:Ruth Patrick
3525:Emma Lazarus
3510:Karen DeCrow
3505:Mildred Cohn
3200:Lucille Ball
3174:Eudora Welty
3149:Sophia Smith
3134:Kate Mullany
2990:Sarah Grimké
2955:Maya Angelou
2788:Ann Bancroft
2767:Fanny Wright
2761:
2687:Grace Hopper
2611:Lillian Wald
2566:Annie Oakley
2546:Mary Mahoney
2370:Mary Risteau
2360:Willa Cather
2313:Bessie Smith
2191:Dorothea Dix
2119:Helen Keller
2094:Mary Cassatt
2069:Clara Barton
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1927:Online books
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1903:Online books
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1753:Bibliography
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1119:November 30,
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998:. Retrieved
994:
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802:U.S. Capitol
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743:Henry's Lake
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651:tuberculosis
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303:U.S. Capitol
293:by sculptor
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271:Omer Stewart
264:
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196:Shell Flower
191:
187:
168:
167:
116:
112:Notable work
71:Henry's Lake
65:(1891-10-16)
18:
4088:1891 deaths
4044:Sandy Stone
3988:Indra Nooyi
3660:Julie Krone
3459:Swanee Hunt
3449:Julia Child
3413:Maya Y. Lin
3286:Bertha Holt
3220:Dorothy Day
3154:Ida Tarbell
3119:Jeanne Holm
2848:Maggie Kuhn
2647:Bella Abzug
2536:Mae Jemison
2506:Ella Grasso
2496:Alice Evans
2486:Ruth Colvin
2114:Helen Hayes
2054:Jane Addams
1625:January 19,
778:In 1994, a
696:Horace Mann
608:Carl Schurz
548:Bannock War
518:Bannock War
369:Great Basin
258:Bannock War
188:Thocmentony
176: 1844
79:Nationality
4168:Paiute War
4077:Categories
3843:Jane Fonda
3838:Sarah Deer
3650:Betty Ford
3139:Janet Reno
2985:Gerty Cori
2960:Nellie Bly
2652:Ella Baker
2571:Rosa Parks
2365:Sally Ride
2334:Lucy Stone
2201:Alice Paul
963:References
869:1359275624
595:California
343:Tuboitonie
331:Winnemucca
256:after the
223:Paiute War
143:Winnemucca
3973:Joy Harjo
3895:2020–2029
3567:2010–2019
3357:Sacagawea
3104:Mary Dyer
3072:2000–2009
2541:Mary Lyon
2397:1990–1999
2228:1980–1989
2037:1970–1979
1820:, 93–108.
1741:March 27,
1677:March 27,
1651:March 27,
1498:April 11,
1194:March 27,
1025:March 29,
893:860385045
559:U.S. Army
438:tarantula
355:Tru-ki-zo
192:Tocmetone
186:name was
156:Relatives
126:Spouse(s)
3968:Mia Hamm
1959:Archived
1841:, 69–91.
1834:, 63–80.
1788:Tiresias
829:85036391
772:century.
655:Lovelock
618:—
339:Shoshone
219:San Jose
145:(father)
54:, Nevada
1981:website
1803:excerpt
796:to the
624:Agent,
557:of the
481:Bannock
360:Truckee
301:in the
297:to the
160:Truckee
136:Parents
73:, Idaho
47:c. 1844
1891:about
1854:
1792:legacy
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953:Quaker
909:
891:
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857:1885,
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837:1883,
827:
817:1870,
753:Legacy
684:Boston
622:Yakama
599:Nevada
544:Oregon
440:bite.
327:Nevada
207:Nevada
121:(1883)
922:Notes
899:2015
809:Works
747:Idaho
337:), a
335:Poito
50:near
4002:2024
3946:2022
3905:2020
3821:2019
3760:2017
3699:2015
3643:2013
3577:2011
3493:2009
3437:2007
3376:2005
3305:2003
3264:2002
3188:2001
3082:2000
2943:1998
2877:1996
2776:1995
2640:1994
2454:1993
2438:1991
2407:1990
2348:1988
2322:1986
2301:1984
2280:1983
2259:1982
2238:1981
2184:1979
2158:1976
2047:1973
1852:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1743:2024
1700:ISBN
1679:2024
1653:2024
1627:2018
1589:2017
1500:2010
1469:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1196:2024
1121:2017
1027:2022
1002:2022
907:ISBN
889:OCLC
865:OCLC
848:ISBN
825:OCLC
729:The
690:and
597:and
235:band
229:and
60:Died
40:Born
1390:109
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682:In
679:".
495:by
357:or
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