33:
46:
572:
Robertson, Hugh M; Waterhouse, Robert M; Walden, Kimberly K O; Ruzzante, Livio; Reijnders, Maarten J M F; Coates, Brad S; Legeai, Fabrice; Gress, Joanna C; Biyiklioglu, Sezgi; Weaver, David K; Wanner, Kevin W; Budak, Hikmet (2018-10-18).
204:
of the stem. When a larva matures, it moves to the bottom of the stem and cuts a notch or groove around the inner circumference of the stem. In autumn, the larva plugs the exposed end of the stem and builds a cocoon in which it
187:
Wheat stem sawflies grow to a length of 7 to 12 mm, with males being smaller than females. The body is black with yellow bands on the abdomen, the wings are smoke-coloured and the legs are yellow.
693:
RJ, Bartelt; et al. (Feb 2002). "Cuticular hydrocarbons and novel alkenediol iacetates from wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus): natural oxidation to pheromone components".
156:
575:"Genome sequence of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, representing an early-branching lineage of the Hymenoptera, illuminates evolution of hymenopteran chemoreceptors"
672:
Holmes, N. D.; Peterson, L. K. (1961). "Resistance of Spring Wheats to the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): I. Resistance to the Egg".
374:
308:. The species is distributed widely in various regions of the US and Canada. However, the species is believed to originate from northeastern Asia.
845:
430:
884:
630:
Holmes, N. D. (1977). "The effect of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), on the yield and quality of wheat".
535:"On the Geographic Origin of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): A New Hypothesis of Introduction from Northeastern Asia"
819:
858:
196:
After mating, female wasps lay eggs in plant stems, usually before the grass head has emerged. Unfertilised eggs hatch into male
930:
469:
863:
651:
Holmes, N. D. (1982). "Population dynamics of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), in wheat".
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935:
328:
receptors. It also has some expansions of chemoreceptor genes, which may be adaptations to new grasses such as wheat.
889:
345:
32:
940:
574:
491:
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It is known as a chronic pest in
Northern Great Plains of the United States and also an important pest of
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reduces yields by reducing head weight, grain quality and protein content, shrivelling seeds, and causing
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767:
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Because most of the life cycle occurs inside plants, insecticides are ineffective against this species.
534:
449:
876:
45:
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850:
735:
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902:
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8:
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175:, is a slow flying, yellow and black coloured, destructive pest found mainly in western
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The genome of this species has been studied. 86% of its proteins have identifiable
758:
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The species has a wide host range that includes all large-stemmed grasses except
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in other insects. It has several gene lineages not present in the more advanced
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706:
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Clarke, John M.; DeAmbrogio, Enzo; Hare, Raymond A.; Roumet, Pierre (2012),
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stage. Adults emerge from stems to mate and begin the cycle again.
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67:
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while fertilised eggs hatch into females. Larvae feed on the
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496:
wheat stem cutting damage – can we cut stem counts?"
490:Cárcamo, Héctor; Entz, Toby; Beres, Brian (2007).
917:
489:
671:
289:of stems (which reduces harvest efficiency).
500:Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology
348:. University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology.
433:. plant biosecurity ToolBox. Archived from
209:. In the following spring, it moves to the
431:"Diagnostic Methods for Wheat-stem sawfly"
425:
324:(wasps, bees and ants), such as genes for
31:
602:
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450:"Genetics and Breeding of Durum Wheat"
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532:
229:). Specifically, it feeds on wheat (
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13:
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462:10.1016/b978-1-891127-65-6.50007-6
352:
14:
952:
375:"Sawflies: the wheat stem sawfly
44:
295:
565:
526:
483:
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216:
1:
331:
191:
931:Hymenoptera of North America
579:Genome Biology and Evolution
456:, Elsevier, pp. 15–36,
7:
695:Journal of Chemical Ecology
10:
957:
512:10.3954/1523-5475-24.3.117
936:Insects described in 1872
742:
674:The Canadian Entomologist
653:The Canadian Entomologist
632:The Canadian Entomologist
533:Ivie, Michael A. (2001).
311:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
707:10.1023/A:1017994410538
346:"Animal Diversity Web"
941:Insect pests of wheat
644:10.4039/ent1091591-12
539:American Entomologist
273:spp. and cheatgrass (
665:10.4039/ent114775-9
686:10.4039/ent93250-4
587:10.1093/gbe/evy232
551:10.1093/ae/47.2.84
913:
912:
898:Open Tree of Life
736:Taxon identifiers
638:(12): 1591–1598.
471:978-1-891127-65-6
306:Canadian Prairies
231:Triticum aestivum
183:Habit and habitat
173:wheat stem sawfly
164:
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16:Species of sawfly
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384:. Archived from
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261:spp.), timothy (
171:, also known as
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624:Further reading
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276:Bromus tectorum
255:), wheatgrass (
247:Hordeum vulgare
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132:C. cinctus
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744:Cephus cinctus
740:
739:
728:
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701:(2): 385–405.
690:
680:(4): 250–260.
669:
659:(9): 775–788.
648:
625:
622:
619:
618:
564:
525:
506:(3): 117–124.
494:Cephus cinctus
482:
470:
440:
437:on 2011-04-23.
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379:and relatives"
377:Cephus Cinctus
351:
336:
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326:carbon dioxide
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283:Cephus cinctus
252:Secale cereale
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168:Cephus cinctus
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150:Cephus cinctus
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25:Cephus cinctus
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391:on 2013-11-05
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177:North America
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141:Binomial name
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578:
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545:(2): 84–97.
542:
538:
528:
503:
499:
493:
492:"Estimating
485:
475:, retrieved
453:
443:
435:the original
393:. Retrieved
386:the original
376:
340:
315:
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296:Distribution
291:
282:
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246:
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227:Avena sativa
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118:
24:
18:
872:NatureServe
833:iNaturalist
454:Durum Wheat
217:Pest status
207:overwinters
98:Hymenoptera
920:Categories
477:2024-05-30
395:2013-11-05
332:References
202:parenchyma
192:Life cycle
78:Arthropoda
877:2.1027463
759:Q14499259
595:1759-6653
559:2155-9902
318:orthologs
258:Agropyron
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
926:Cephidae
851:10184615
781:BugGuide
753:Wikidata
723:23997688
715:11925075
613:30335145
520:86001776
322:Apocrita
249:), rye (
239:T. durum
108:Cephidae
104:Family:
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
825:5038407
604:6250288
304:in the
287:lodging
267:spp.),
114:Genus:
94:Order:
88:Insecta
84:Class:
903:377587
890:211228
864:152857
838:143245
812:CEPHCI
799:604065
786:305807
773:211181
721:
713:
611:
601:
593:
557:
518:
468:
312:Genome
270:Elymus
264:Phleum
243:barley
198:larvae
159:, 1872
157:Norton
119:Cephus
846:IRMNG
719:S2CID
516:S2CID
389:(PDF)
382:(PDF)
302:wheat
235:durum
211:pupal
885:NCBI
859:ITIS
820:GBIF
807:EPPO
768:BOLD
711:PMID
609:PMID
591:ISSN
555:ISSN
466:ISBN
223:oats
794:EoL
703:doi
682:doi
661:doi
657:114
640:doi
636:109
599:PMC
583:doi
547:doi
508:doi
458:doi
279:).
241:),
233:),
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245:(
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225:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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