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beef in approximately ten years. In 2018, Memphis Meats reduced the cost of production to $ 1,700 per pound. In 2019, Eat Just said it cost about US$ 50 to produce one chicken nugget. The company's cultured chicken nuggets, now available at
Singapore restaurant 1880, retail around US$ 17 as part of a set meal; however, this retail price is below cost. As of 2021, most companies report a production cost of $ 100 or more per meal-sized serving. A 2019 study estimated that, with current technology, the actual production cost of cultured meat was over $ 400,000 per kilogram. A 2022 study estimated that, if dramatic advances drove medium costs down to $ 3.74 per liter, large-scale production costs might optimistically fall to $ 63 per kilogram over the next few years. The main drivers of cost would be growth medium (accounting for $ 19.7/kg), labor ($ 17.7/kg), and bioreactor repairs ($ 5.47/kg). Competing with wholesale beef ($ 6/kg) would require reducing all three of these costs.
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733:(EFSA) that their product is safe. In March 2022, cultured meat producers had reached the level of attempting to gain regulatory approval from European Union supranational institutions coming just before mass goods could be sold to consumers. By February 2023, none had yet submitted a novel food dossier for approval by the EFSA. Legal experts explained this as having to do with the fact that, although the EFSA's novel food procedure has been well-established since 1997 (unlike in other jurisdictions, that still have or had to develop certain regulatory standards), it is a long and complicated process in which companies can have little input once they have submitted their request, unlike cultured meat startups in the United States (who could easily communicate back and forth with the
3700:, meaning acceptable under Jewish law and practice. One factor is the nature of the animal from which the cells are sourced, whether it is a kosher or non-kosher species and whether, if the cells were taken from a dead animal, slaughter in accordance with religious practice had taken place prior to the extraction of cells. Most authorities agree that if the original cells were taken from a religiously slaughtered animal then the meat cultured from it will be kosher. Depending on the nature of the cells, it may be determined to be kosher even when taken from a live animal, and some have argued that it would be kosher even if coming from non-kosher animals such as pigs. In 2023 the issue of lab meat being a non-meat product or "parve" has come up for debate.
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cultured meat; producing cultured meat in bioreactors at the farm level; transitioning into new sectors; new market opportunities for blended and hybrid animal- and alt-meat products; and new value around regenerative or high-animal welfare farming." Some challenges are also identified, with possible "loss of livelihood or income for ranchers and livestock producers and for farmers growing crops for animal feed; barriers to transitioning into emerging alt-meat sectors; and the possibility of exclusion from those sectors." Some farmers already see the potential of cellular agriculture. For instance, Illtud
Dunsford comes from a long line of farmers in Wales and established his cultured meat company Cellular Agriculture Ltd in 2016.
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attachment to another surface if microcarriers are included. Fixed bed bioreactors are commonly used for adherent cultures. They feature strips of fibres that are packed together to form a bed to which cells can attach. Aerated culture media is circulated through the bed. In airlift bioreactors, the culture media is aerated into a gaseous form using air bubbles which are then scattered and dispersed amongst the cells. Perfusion bioreactors are common configurations for continuous cultivation. They continuously drain media saturated with lactic acid that is void of nutrients and fill it with replenished media.
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3400:. In 2021, the Spanish government granted €3.7 million for Biotech Foods to investigate the potential health benefits of cellular agriculture. The National Science Foundation awarded a $ 3.55 million grant to a team of researchers at UC Davis for open-access cultured meat research. Non-profits also drive support and interest in the field. Notably, New Harvest has a fellowship program to support the research of specific graduate students and groups at various academic institutions and the Good Food Institute funds open-access research through its Research Grant Program.
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3280:. Such a technique was perfected for industrial applications in manufacturing objects made out of plastic, metal, glass and other synthetic materials. The most common variation of the process involves incrementally depositing a filament in layers onto a bed until the object is completed. This method will most likely lend itself best to the application of cultured meat as opposed to other types such as binder jetting, material jetting or stereolithography that require a specific kind of resin or powder.
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Harvest has a fellowship program to support graduate students and groups at various academic institutions. Additionally, a growing number of governments are funding research in cellular agriculture. In August 2020, the Grant
Management Services of the European Commission awarded a €2.5 million grant to ORF Genetics. That same month, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry granted Integriculture $ 2.2 million through their New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization.
2888:. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which have the potential to become many or all of the required kinds of specialized cell types. Totipotent stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into all the different cell types found within the body. Pluripotent stem cells can mature into all cell types save those in the placenta, and multipotent stem cells can differentiate into several specialized cell types within one lineage. Unipotent stem cells can differentiate into one specific cell fate.
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attached to a surface to support growth. As such, cells must be grown in confluent monolayers only one cell thick which necessitates a lot of surface area. This poses practical challenges on large scales. As such, systems may incorporate microcarriers—small spherical beads of glass or other compatible material that are suspended in the culture medium. Cells adhere to these microcarriers as they would to the sides of the bioreactor, which increases the amount of surface area.
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extracted from fetal cows. Besides the argument that its production is unethical, it also violates the notion that the cultured meat is produced independent of the use of animals. It is also the most costly constituent of cultured meat, priced at around $ 1000 per litre. Furthermore, chemical composition varies greatly depending on the animal, so it cannot be uniformly quantified chemically. FBS is employed because it conveniently mimics the process of muscle development
448:, a food researcher from the Future Food Studio, and Josh Schonwald. Rützler stated, "There is really a bite to it, there is quite some flavour with the browning. I know there is no fat in it so I didn't really know how juicy it would be, but there is quite some intense taste; it's close to meat, it's not that juicy, but the consistency is perfect. This is meat to me... It's really something to bite on and I think the look is quite similar." Rützler added that even in a
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3209:. One challenge with these proteins is that they can not be modified post translation. However, an alternative fibrillar protein has been isolated in microbes that lack collagen's biochemical cues, but has its kind of gene customizability. One focus of recombinant collagen production is yield optimization—how it can be produced most effectively. Plants, in particular, tobacco look like the best option, however, bacteria and yeast are also viable alternatives.
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identified. Healthiness, safety, nutritional characteristics, sustainability, taste, and lower price, are all contributing factors. One study found that the use of highly technical language to explain cultured meat led to significantly more negative public attitude towards the concept. One study suggested that describing cultured meat in a way that emphasizes the final product rather than the production method was an effective way to improve acceptance.
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761:, Israel, right next to its pilot plant; journalists, experts and a small number of consumers could book an appointment to taste the novel food there, while looking through a glass window into the production facility on the other side. The restaurant was not yet fully open to the public, because as of June 2021 SuperMeat still needed to wait for regulatory approval to start mass production for public consumption, and because the
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3463:(USDA) have agreed to jointly regulate cultured meat. Under the agreement, the FDA oversees cell collection, cell banks, and cell growth and differentiation, while the USDA oversees the production and labeling of food products derived from the cells that are meant for human consumption. Several U.S. states, such as Missouri, South Carolina, Texas, and Washington, have passed legislation limiting the use of the term
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3617:, such as insertion, deletion, silencing, activation, or mutation of a gene, are not required to produce cultured meat. Cultured meat production allows the biological processes that normally occur within an animal to occur without the animal. Since cultured meat is grown in a controlled, artificial environment, some have commented that cultured meat more closely resembles hydroponic vegetables, rather than
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627:, food industry innovation centre Flanders Food, and Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant). Peace of Meat stated in December 2019 that it intended to complete its proof of concept in 2020, to produce its first prototype in 2022, and to go to market in 2023. That month, the Foieture project received a research grant of almost 3.6 million euros from the Innovation and Enterprise Agency of the
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through genetic modification. The same improvement can be made without genetic modification, by manipulating the conditions of the culture medium. Genetic modification may be able to enhance muscle cell proliferation. The introduction of myogenic regulatory factors, growth factors, or other gene products into muscle cells may increase production over that of conventional meat.
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elongates and aligns as it crosses the air gap. The jet is directed into a vortex-controlled precipitation bath that chemically cross links or precipitates polymer nanofibers. Adjusting air gap, rotation and the solution changes the diameter of the resulting fibres. This method can spin scaffolds out of PPTA, nylon, DNA and nanofiber sheets. A nanofibrous scaffold made from
3511:. Some of its proponents have predicted that it will have similar benefits in terms of reducing exposure to dangerous chemicals like pesticides and fungicides, severe injuries, and wildlife. There is also a lack of research on the comparison on the health effects of production cultured meat with the industrial meat or the biologic organic meat ways of production.
3239:. London-based Biomimetic Solutions is leveraging nanomaterials in order to create scaffolds. Cass Materials in Perth, Australia, is using a dietary fibre called Nata de Coco (derived from coconuts) to create nanocellulose sponges for their BNC scaffold. Nata de Coco is biocompatible, has high porosity, facilitates cell adhesion and is biodegradable.
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Low percentages of older adult populations have been reported to show acceptance for cultured meat. Green eating behavior, educational status, and food business, were cited as most important factors for this population. There is also a lack of studies relating the methods of producing cultured meat with its taste for the consuming public.
2907:(iPSCs)—essentially multipotent blood and skin cells that have been regressed to a pluripotent state enabling them to differentiate into a greater range of cells. The alternative is using multipotent adult stem cells that give rise to muscle cell lineages or unipotent progenitors which differentiate into muscle cells.
631:. In May 2020, Peace of Meat's Austrian-born cofounder and scientific researcher Eva Sommer stated that the startup was then able to produce 20 grams of cultured fat at a cost of about 300 euros (€15,000/kg); the goal was to reduce the price to 6 euros per kilogram by 2030. Piece of Meat built two laboratories in the
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antimicrobial resistance represents "an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society" – predicting up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. Cultured meat could provide an effective solution to help mitigate this major risk to human health.
3536:, or other factors, it may not be commercially competitive with conventionally produced meat. The lack of bone and cardiovascular system is a disadvantage for dishes where these parts make appreciable culinary contributions. The lack of bones and/or blood may make many traditional meat preparations, such as
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4139:, where users tweeted at celebrities asking them to donate muscle cells to the project. Media reactions to BiteLabs variously identified the startup as a satire on startup culture, celebrity culture, or as a discussion prompt on bioethical concerns. While BiteLabs claimed to be inspired by the success of
4217:, is then inserted into a bacterial specimen. For this to happen, the bacteria needs to be competent (i.e. able to accept foreign, extracellular DNA) and able to horizontally transfer genes (i.e. integrate the foreign genes into its own DNA). Horizontal gene transfer is significantly more challenging in
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Acellular agriculture is producing animal products synthesized from non-living material. Such products include milk, honey, eggs, cheese, and gelatin which are made of various proteins rather than cells. These proteins must be fermented much like in recombinant protein production, alcohol brewing and
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Multiple venture capital firms and accelerator/incubator programs focus on assisting cultured technology startups, or plant-based protein companies in general. The Big Idea
Ventures (BIV) Venture Capital firm launched their New Protein Fund to invest in emerging cell and plant-based food companies in
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to be added to the culture for meat production. As cultured meat is grown in a sterile environment, there is no need for antibiotics. Today, the widespread use of antibiotics in conventional agriculture is the main driver of antibiotic resistance in humans. According to the World Health
Organization,
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Regulatory matters must also be sorted out. Prior to being available for sale, the
European Union, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Canada require approved novel food applications. Additionally, the European Union requires that cultured animal products and production must prove safety,
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In 2020, Singapore became the first country in the world to approve cultured meat for sale. The
Singapore Food Agency has published guidance on its requirements for the safety assessment of novel foods, including specific requirements on the information to be submitted for approval of cultivated meat
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Global market acceptance has not been assessed. Studies are attempting to determine the current levels of consumer acceptance and identify methods to improve this value. Clear answers are not available, although one recent study reported that consumers were willing to pay a premium for cultured meat.
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cultivation. It is responsible for providing the macromolecules, nutrients and growth factors necessary for cell proliferation. Sourcing growth factors is one of the most challenging tasks of cellular agriculture. Traditionally, it involves the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) which is a blood product
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More research is underway on cultured meat, and although cultured meat does not require genetic engineering, researchers may employ such techniques to improve quality and sustainability. Fortifying cultured meat with nutrients such as beneficial fatty acids is one improvement that can be facilitated
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speculates that the energy and fossil fuel requirements of large-scale cultured meat production may be more environmentally destructive than producing food off the land. S. L. Davis speculated that both vertical farming in urban areas and the activity of cultured meat facilities may cause relatively
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Textured soy protein is a soy flour product often used in plant-based meat that supports the growth of bovine cells. Its spongy texture enables efficient cell seeding and its porosity encourages oxygen transfer. Additionally, it degrades during cell differentiation into compounds that are beneficial
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that allow it to retain more moisture and have smaller pores. The substance can be produced using waste carbohydrates (which may allow it to be produced less expensively) and it adds juiciness and chewiness to emulsified meat (which would mean that even if it can't be taken out of the final product,
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An advantage of decellularized plant tissue is the natural topography afforded by the leaf vasculature. This helps replicate the natural physiological state of the myoblasts which promotes cell alignment. The other ways of doing this are usually quite a bit more expensive including 3D printing, soft
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Once differentiation begins, muscle fibres begin to contract and generate lactic acid. Cells' ability to absorb nutrients and proliferate in part depends on the pH of their environment. As lactic acid accumulates within the media, the environment will become progressively more acidic and falls below
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approved the "chicken bites" produced by Eat Just for commercial sale. It marked the first time that a cultured meat product passed the safety review (which took 2 years) of a food regulator, and was widely regarded as a milestone for the industry. The chicken bits were scheduled for introduction in
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was the first in the EU to receive regulatory approval from the EFSA for a public proof of concept tasting of cultured meat, in this case sausage, amid much international and national media attention. Meatable CTO Daan
Luining cautioned it would take several years to scale up production to serve all
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in May 2020, 60 start-ups were developing cultured meat. Some of these were technology suppliers. Growth media reportedly still cost "hundreds of dollars per litre, but for clean meat production to scale this needs to drop to around $ 1 a litre." In June 2020, Chinese government officials called for
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Shiok's proto-shrimp costs $ 5,000 a kilogram, which is about $ 2,268 a pound, mostly due to the price of the nutrient fluids needed to feed the cells. Access to more affordable nutrients has reduced the cost of Shiok's meat to $ 3,500 a kilogram, or about $ 1,588 a pound. (...) Shiok's shumai, for
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Some have proposed independent inquiries into the standards, laws, and regulations for cultured meat. Just as with many other foods, cultured meat needs technically sophisticated production methods that may be difficult for some communities, meaning they would lack self-sufficiency and be dependent
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One study reported that cultured meat was "potentially ... much more efficient and environmentally-friendly". It generated only 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, reduced the energy needs of meat production by up to 45%, and required only 2% of the land that the global meat/livestock industry does. In
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fatty acid content of conventional meat can be increased by altering what the animals are fed. Research is currently underway in Spain to develop cultivated meat with healthier fats, which could reduce cholesterol and the risk of colon cancer typically associated with red meat consumption. An issue
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Immersion Jet
Spinning is a method of creating scaffolds by spinning polymers into fibres. It was developed by the Parker Group at Harvard. Their platform uses centrifugal force to extrude a polymer solution through an opening in a rotating reservoir. During extrusion, the solution forms a jet that
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If scaffolds are unable to be removed from the animal tissue, they must be edible to ensure consumer safety. It would be beneficial if they were to be made out of nutritious ingredients. Since 2010, academic research groups and companies have emerged in order to identify raw materials that have the
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It's just a matter of time before this is gonna happen, I'm absolutely convinced of that. In our case, I estimate the time to be about 3 years before we are ready to enter the market on a small scale, about 5 years to enter the market on a larger scale, and if you'd ask me: "When will be
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patty was created by Mark Post at
Maastricht University in 2013. It was made from over 20,000 thin strands of muscle tissue, cost over $ 325,000 and needed 2 years to produce. The burger was tested on live television in London on 5 August 2013. It was cooked by chef Richard McGeown of Couch's Great
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addresses the social and economic opportunities and challenges of cultured and plant-based meat for rural producers. According to this research, cellular agriculture offers "opportunities such as growing crops as ingredients for feedstock for cultured meat; raising animals for genetic material for
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Animal production for food is a major cause of air/water pollution and carbon emissions. Significant questions have been raised about whether the traditional industry can meet the rapidly increasing demands for meat. Cultured meat may provide an environmentally conscious alternative to traditional
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Similarly, scaffolds must simulate many of the other characteristics of the extracellular matrix, most notably porosity, crystallinity, degradation, biocompatibility and functionality. Few materials that emulate all these characteristics have been identified, leading to the possibility of blending
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The ideal medium would be chemically quantifiable and accessible to ensure simplicity in production, cheap and not dependent on animals. It will most likely be derived from plants; and while this may reduce the possibility of transmitting infectious agents, it may induce allergic reactions in some
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A filament of muscle cells can be printed into a structure meant to resemble a finished meat product which can then be further processed for cell maturation. This technique has been demonstrated in a collaboration between 3D bioprinting solutions and Aleph Farms that used additive manufacturing to
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The degree of a material's crystallinity determines qualities such as rigidity. High crystallinity can be attributed to hydrogen bonding which in turn increases thermal stability, tensile strength (important for maintaining the scaffold's shape), water retention (important for hydrating the cells)
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offered a $ 1 million prize to the first company to bring cultured chicken meat to consumers by 2012. The contestant was required to complete two tasks to earn the prize, namely to produce a cultured chicken meat product that was indistinguishable from real chicken and produce the product in large
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Cultured meat is significantly more costly than conventional meat. In a March 2015 interview, Post said that the marginal cost of his team's original €250,000 burger was now €8.00. He estimated that technological advancements would allow the product to be cost-competitive to traditionally sourced
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A scaffold's biochemical properties should be similar to those of the ECM. It must facilitate cell adhesion through textural qualities or chemical bonding. Additionally, it must produce the chemical cues that encourage cell differentiation. Alternatively, the material should be able to blend with
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to induce them to proliferate. Culture media are typically formulated from basal media that provide cells with necessary carbohydrates, fats, proteins and salts. Once a cell consumes a sufficient amount, it divides and the population increases exponentially. Culture media can be supplemented with
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In the cell differentiation phase, the cells may be seeded to a scaffold and so do not require the use of microcarriers. However, in these instances, the density of the cells on the scaffold means that not all cells have an interface with culture media, leading to cell death and necrotic centers
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A common challenge to bioreactors and scaffolds is developing system configurations that enable all cells to gain exposure to culture media while simultaneously optimizing spatial requirements. In the cell proliferation phase, prior to the introduction of the scaffold, many cell types need to be
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The current alternative is to generate each growth factor individually using recombinant protein production. In this process, the genes coding for the specific factor are integrated into bacteria which are then fermented. Due to the added complexity of this process, it is particularly expensive.
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raised against the protein of interest that will kill bacteria cells that do not contain the protein. Through centrifugation, the solution can be spun around an axis with sufficient force to separate solids from liquids. Alternatively it could be soaked in a buffered ionic solution that employs
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organisms because the former have both a cell membrane and a nuclear membrane which the plasmid needs to penetrate whereas prokaryotic organisms only have a cell membrane. For this reason, prokaryotic bacteria are often favoured. In order to make such a bacteria temporarily competent, it can be
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groups are generally in favor of cultured meat, because the culture process does not include a nervous system and therefore does not involve pain or infringement of rights. Reactions of vegetarians to cultured meat vary. Some feel the cultured meat presented to the public in August 2013 was not
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The latest study by independent research firm CE Delft shows that—compared with conventional beef—cultured meat may cause up to 92% less greenhouse gas emissions if renewable energy is used in the production process, 93% less pollution, up to 95% less land use and 78% less water. There are many
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Although cultured meat consists of animal muscle cells, fat and support cells, as well as blood vessels, that are the same as in traditional meat, some consumers may find the high-tech production process unacceptable. Cultured meat has been described as fake or "Frankenmeat". On the other hand,
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conditions. In the case of mammalian cells, this requires heating to 37 °C (99 °F). Alternatively, insect cells can be grown at room temperature. Most bioreactors are maintained at 5% carbon dioxide. Cells can be cultivated in either continuous or fed-batch systems. The former entails
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has been proposed to produce the main ingredients for the culture media, as opposed to fetal bovine or horse serum. Some researchers propose that the ability of algae and cyanobacteria to produce ingredients for culture media can be improved with certain technologies, most likely not excluding
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on cultured meat packaging. Full bans on cultured meat have been enacted in Florida and Alabama: in Florida the law makes it a criminal offense to manufacture and sell, and in Alabama cultured meat will be illegal to manufacture, sell, or distribute starting in October 2024. The governments of
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that "cell-based" and "cell-cultured" were suitable terms to differentiate it from conventional meat whilst being clear about the process by which it was made. There also exists a challenge in how to use these descriptions in labelling. For example, in the United States there is no overarching
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Consumer acceptance of the product is critical. A study looking at acceptance of cultured meat in China, India, and the US "found high levels of acceptance of clean meat in the three most populous countries worldwide." Several potential factors of consumer acceptance of cultured meat have been
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Cellular agriculture research does not have a significant basis of academic interest or funding streams. Consequently, the majority of research has been undertaken and funded by independent institutions. This is incrementally changing as not for profits drive support and interest. Notably, New
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on the Techno-Economic Analysis of cultivated meat. Another proposed approach is to subject the cell lines to a magnetic field, which can stimulate the release of molecules that have regenerative, metabolic, anti-inflammatory and immunity-boosting properties, acting as an alternative to serum.
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sources. Cellular agriculture overcomes this dependency through the use of transgenic organisms that are capable of producing the amino acid repeats that make up the collagen. Collagen naturally exists as collagen type I. It has been produced as porous hydrogels, composites and substrates with
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Pores are minute openings on the surface of the scaffold. They can be created on the surface of the biomaterial in order to release cellular components that could interfere with tissue development. They also help diffuse gas and nutrients to the innermost layers of adherent cells, preventing a
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restricted restaurant operations. By February 2023, Israeli authorities had established a regulatory structure similar to that of Singapore, and shown a general willingness to work towards approval (as well as financing research for cultivated food innovation), but were still in the process of
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Stirred tank bioreactors are the most widely used configuration. An impeller increases the flow, thereby homogenizing the culture media and a diffuser facilitates the exchange of oxygen into the media. This system is generally used for suspended cultures but can be used for cells that require
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between individual polymer chains to hold them together) the plant tissue's mechanical properties can be changed so that it more closely resembles muscle tissue. This can also be done by blending plant tissue with other materials. On the other hand, decellularized plant tissue typically lacks
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Vascular tissue found in plants contains the organs responsible for internally transporting fluids. It forms natural topographies that provide a low cost way to promote cell alignment by replicating the natural physiological state of myoblasts. It may also help with gas and nutrient exchange.
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approved a draft bill banning the production and commercialization of cultivated meat for human and animal consumption; this move, which the government said was intended to protect food heritage, was criticized, including by scientists, for being at odds with global trends of openness and
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In the case of structured meat products—products that are characterized by their overall configuration as well as cell type—cells must be seeded to scaffolds. Scaffolds are essentially molds meant to reflect and encourage the cells to organize into a larger structure. When cells develop
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Next, the bacteria is fermented in sugar, which encourages it to grow and duplicate. In the process it expresses its DNA as well as the transferred plasmid resulting in protein. Finally, the solution is purified to separate out the residual protein. This can be done by introducing an
544:, meaning that no animal has to be killed to produce meat. That month, an estimated 30 cultured meat startups operated across the world. Integriculture is a Japan-based company working on their CulNet system. Competitors included England based Multus Media and Canadian Future Fields.
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and visited a factory chicken farm. He was appalled by the implications of this system. Matheny later teamed up with three scientists involved in NASA's efforts. In 2004, Matheny founded New Harvest to encourage development by funding research. In 2005, the four published the first
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federal legislation that regulates how cultured meat should be labeled for the consumer. While traditional meat producers are attempting to prevent cultured meat companies from using the term "meat," cultured meat producers argue that the word is necessary for consumer acceptance.
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While most efforts focus on common meats such as pork, beef, and chicken which constitute the bulk of consumption in developed countries, companies such as Orbillion Bio focused on high-end or unusual meats including elk, lamb, bison, and Wagyu beef. Avant Meats brought cultured
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meat has been discussed only in terms of convenience. Alvaro proposes a virtue-oriented approach, suggesting that the determination to produce cultured meat stems from unvirtuous motives, i.e., "lack of temperance and misunderstanding of the role of food in human flourishing."
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Dave Riley states that "being meatless and guiltless seems seductively simple while environmental destruction rages around us", and writes that Mollison "insists that vegetarianism drives animals from the edible landscape so that their contribution to the food chain is lost".
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and similar organizations in Canada, France, Australia, and New Zealand were founded to advocate for cultured meat in their respective countries. Publications such as Cell Agri and Protein Report have also provided updates concerning technology and business within the field.
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Certain materials degrade into compounds that are beneficial to cells, although this degradation can also be irrelevant or detrimental. Degradation allows easy removal of the scaffold from the finished product leaving only animal tissue—thereby increasing its resemblance to
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In August 2019, five American startups announced the formation of the Alliance for Meat, Poultry & Seafood Innovation (AMPS Innovation), a coalition seeking to work with regulators to create a pathway to market for cultured meat and seafood. The founding members include
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The use of standardized descriptions would improve future research about consumer acceptance of cultured meat. Current studies have often reported drastically different rates of acceptance, despite similar survey populations. Lou Cooperhouse, CEO of BlueNalu, shared on the
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Favourable characteristics of stem cells include immortality, proliferative ability, unreliance on adherence, serum independence and easy differentiation into tissue. The natural presence of such characteristics are likely to differ across cell species and origin. As such,
3443:. By October 2023, it was reported the Italian government had retired the draft bill, and withdrew the Technical Regulation Information System notification, a procedure aimed at preventing the creation of barriers within the European Union's internal market, for the bill.
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lithography and photolithography. Vascularization can also help overcome the 100–200 nm diffusion limit of culture medium into cells that usually produce necrotic centres in muscle conglomerates. Another way to do this is by having a porous scaffold which supports
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and food delivery services since 2020, and was constructing the bioreactors for its new facility in Singapore. This world-first approval was said to be a milestone in making cultivated meat production more scalable and efficient. In April 2024, Australian start-up
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Gržinić, Goran; Piotrowicz-Cieślak, Agnieszka; Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka; Górny, Rafał L.; Ławniczek-Wałczyk, Anna; Piechowicz, Lidia; Olkowska, Ewa; Potrykus, Marta; Tankiewicz, Maciej; Krupka, Magdalena; Siebielec, Grzegorz; Wolska, Lidia (1 February 2023).
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bases added to the end of their chromosomes. With each division, the telomere cap progressively shortens until nothing remains, at which time the cells cease to divide. Induced pluripotency can lengthen telomere cap such that the cells divide indefinitely.
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and gelatin was able to support the growth of C2C12 cells. Rabbit and bovine aortic smooth muscle myoblasts were able to adhere to the gelatin fibres. They formed aggregates on shorter fibres, and aligned tissue on the longer ones. Matrix Meats is using
3447:, Italy's minister of agriculture, said that the withdrawal of the proposed anti-cultured meat bill Italy submitted to the European Union "is not a step back", which many speculated was because the government wanted to avoid a likely rejection by the
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In January 2023, the SFA also granted regulatory approval for the production of cultured meat with serum-free media to Eat Just' subsidiary GOOD Meat, which had introduced its clean chicken product in several more Singaporese restaurants as well as
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cultured meat can be produced without the artificial hormones, antibiotics, steroids, medicine, and GMOs commonly used in factory farmed meat and seafood, though not used on organic biologic production. If a cultured meat product is different in
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492:, now known as Upside Foods, launched a video in February 2016, showcasing its cultured beef meatball. In March 2017, it showcased chicken tenders and duck a l'orange, the first cultured poultry shown to the public. An Israeli company,
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228:, the terms healthy meat, slaughter-free meat, in vitro meat, vat-grown meat, lab-grown meat, cell-based meat, clean meat, cultivated meat and synthetic meat have been used to describe the product. Although it has multiple meanings,
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said, "Artificial meat stops cruelty to animals, is better for the environment, could be safer and more efficient, and even healthier. We have a moral obligation to support this kind of research. It gets the ethical two thumbs up."
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are large machines similar to brewery tanks which expose the cells to a large variety of environmental factors that are necessary to promote either proliferation or differentiation. The temperature of the bioreactor must replicate
3185:. This is not entirely negative, as the byproducts produced through degradation have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. It is important to match the level that cells rely on the matrix for structure with degradation.
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Kang, Dong-Hee; Louis, Fiona; Liu, Hao; Shimoda, Hiroshi; Nishiyama, Yasutaka; Nozawa, Hajime; Kakitani, Makoto; Takagi, Daisuke; Kasa, Daijiro; Nagamori, Eiji; Irie, Shinji; Kitano, Shiro; Matsusaki, Michiya (24 August 2021).
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the technology was already there. JUST had about 130 employees and a research department of 55 scientists, where cultured meat from poultry, pork and beef was researched. JUST has received investments from Chinese billionaire
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that is used for vertical farming and/or cultured meat manufacturing, anywhere between 10 and 20 hectares of land may be returned to its natural state. Vertical farms (in addition to cultured meat facilities) could exploit
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dietary practices must also be considered. The Islamic Institute of Orange County, California, said, "There does not appear to be any objection to eating this type of cultured meat." In addition, Abdul Qahir Qamar of the
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Chen, Lu; Guttieres, Donovan; Koenigsberg, Andrea; Barone, Paul W.; Sinskey, Anthony J.; Springs, Stacy L. (2022). "Large-scale cultured meat production: Trends, challenges and promising biomanufacturing technologies".
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that too can be reduced by cultivating their meat instead of farming animals. These concerns include microorganism and pharmaceutical-containing manure entering the water and soil, emission of greenhouse gasses such as
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consumers. Such culture sera may also require modifications specific to the cell line to which they are applied. Companies currently invested in developing effective plant based culture include Multus Media and Biftek.
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3721:, which excludes eating meat in certain days along the year (Lent, Holy Week), has not pronounced on whether cultivated meat is banned (as it happens with meat) or not (as with any other food as vegetables or fish).
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Establishing a similar parallel with cultured meat, some environmental activists claim that adopting a vegetarian diet may be a way of focusing on personal actions and righteous gestures rather than systemic change.
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supermarkets, that cultured meat was just an alternative that would gradually become more widely available, giving consumers more choices, and that the traditional meat industry would not be replaced any time soon.
386:, which they cooked and ate. The goal was to start a conversation surrounding the ethics of cultured meat—"was it ever alive?", "was it ever killed?", "is it in any way disrespectful to an animal to throw it away?"
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is sufficiently descriptive and differentiating, possesses a high degree of neutrality, and ranks highly for consumer appeal. A September 2021 poll indicated that the majority of industry CEOs have a preference for
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maps of cardiac tissue, substrate design, scaffold design, nutritional profile, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, mass transfer limitations and metabolic stoichiometric requirements, and bioprinting process.
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3808:, Actual Veggies, Biftek.co, Orbillion Bio, Yoconut, Evo, WildFor and Novel Farms. Indie Bio is a biology oriented accelerator program that has invested in Memphis Meats, Geltor, New Age Meats and Finless Foods.
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host annual conferences to convene industry leaders, scientists, investors, and potential collaborators. The two organizations also fund public research and produce educational content. Organizations such as the
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580:, and Vital Meat) established Cellular Agriculture Europe, a Belgium-based association that sought to 'find common ground and speak with a shared voice for the good of the industry, consumers, and regulators'.
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began conducting cultured meat experiments, with the intent of allowing astronauts to grow meat instead of transporting it. In partnership with Morris Benjaminson, they cultivated goldfish and turkey. In 2003,
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540:. Although such cells are reportedly difficult to work with, Meatable claimed to be able to direct them to behave to become muscle or fat cells as needed. The major advantage is that this technique bypasses
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Dutch startup Meatable, consisting of Krijn de Nood, Daan Luining, Ruud Out, Roger Pederson, Mark Kotter and Gordana Apic among others, reported in September 2018 that it had succeeded in growing meat using
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heads as well as the negative charges on the plasmid to prevent the two from repelling. The bacteria can incubate in warm water, opening large pores on the cell surface through which the plasmid can enter.
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inoculating and harvesting cells in a constant process so that there are always cells in the bioreactor. Fed-batch systems mean inoculating the cells, culturing them and harvesting them in a single period.
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found that in 2021 cultivated meat companies attracted $ 140 million in Europe. The first restaurant to serve cultured meat opened in Singapore in 2021. However, cultured meat is not yet widely available.
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309:, Van Eelen suffered from starvation, leaving him passionate about food production and food security. He attended a university lecture discussing the prospects of preserved meat. The earlier discovery of
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132:
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4119:, "vat-grown" meat is produced to feed the people who live on spaceships/space stations away from Earth, due to the exorbitant cost of importing real meat. Cultured meat was a subject on an episode of
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According to a November 2023 report by Oghma Partners, 46.9% of all funds – over 2.6 billion British pounds – raised for cultivated meat start-ups between 2016 and 2023 went to a top five, comprising
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that creates pores. These pores release the plant's cellular components, and it becomes decellularized plant tissue. This material has been extensively studied by the Pelling and Gaudette Groups at
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speculated that natural resources may be spared from depletion due to vertical farming and cultured meat. One study reported that conventional farming kills ten wild animals per hectare each year.
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Tuomisto's life cycle analysis claimed that producing 1,000 kg of meat conventionally requires "26–33 GJ energy, 367–521 m water, 190–230 m land, and emits 1900–2240 kg CO
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has invested $ 4 million into experiments regarding cultured meat. The In Vitro Meat Consortium, a group formed by international researchers, held the first international conference hosted by the
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make it highly biocompatible. It can easily blend with other polymers in order to select for more bioactive factors. One potential disadvantage of chitosan is that it degrades in the presence of
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cultivation must be adjusted to fill the exact needs of a specific cell line. The immortality issue is that cells have a limit on the number of times they can divide that is dictated by their
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Wiete Westerhof along with van Eelen and businessperson Willem van Kooten announced that they had filed for a worldwide patent on a process to produce cultured meat. The process employed a
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of plant leaves. Due to its abundance, it can be obtained at a relatively low cost. It is also versatile and biocompatible. Through a process called "decellularization", it is coated in a
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are the roots of mushrooms. Altast Foods Co. is using solid state fermentation to grow mushroom tissue on mycelium scaffolds. They harvest this tissue and use it to create bacon analogs.
3107:, not all plants are nearly as porous. The alternative to plant cellulose is bacterial cellulose which is typically more pure than plant cellulose as it is free from contaminants such as
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3451:. He added that the bill was not going to be retired and would move forward. Italy became the first country to ban cultured meat in November 2023, when the government approved the bill.
3340:. The growth factors needed for tissue development are predominantly provided through an animal's bloodstream, and no other known fluid can single-handedly deliver all these components.
3257:—a process that uses electric force to turn charged polymers into fibres for scaffolds. Their scaffolds allowed meat marbling, are compatible with multiple cell lines, and are scalable.
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groups). The degree of this process determines the physical and chemical properties of the chitosan. Chitosan has antibacterial properties; in particular, it has bactericidal effects on
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Gonzalez, Grant M.; MacQueen, Luke A.; Lind, Johan U.; Fitzgibbons, Stacey A.; Chantre, Christophe O.; Huggler, Isabelle; Golecki, Holly M.; Goss, Josue A.; Parker, Kevin Kit (2017).
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507:(in 2011 founded as Hampton Creek in San Francisco, later known as Just, Inc.) claimed to be able to offer a consumer product from cultured meat by the end of 2018. According to CEO
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8314:"Andreessen Horowitz leads $ 22m series A at SCiFi Foods: 'The first [cultivated meat co] we felt truly has the potential to both scale quickly and drastically reduce cost'"
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6019:, van Eelen, Willem Frederik; van Kooten, Willem Jan & Westerhof, Wiete, "Industrial scale production of meat from in vitro cell cultures", published 1999-06-24
3380:, this issue is circumvented as the extracellular matrix delivers nutrients into the muscle through blood vessels. As such, many emerging scaffolds aim to replicate such networks.
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Future Fields, a Canadian company focused on overcoming the economic and environmental costs of traditional growth media, is developing serum-free growth factors from fruit flies.
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has been used to produce steak-like cultured meat, composed of three types of bovine cell fibers and with a structure of assembled of cell fibers that is similar to original meat.
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Post, Mark J.; Levenberg, Shulamit; Kaplan, David L.; Genovese, Nicholas; Fu, Jianan; Bryant, Christopher J.; Negowetti, Nicole; Verzijden, Karin; Moutsatsou, Panagiota (2020).
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The theoretical possibility of growing meat in an industrial setting has long been of interest. In a 1931 essay published by various periodicals and later included in his work
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additives—for instance sera—that supply additional growth factors. Growth factors can be secreted proteins or steroids that are crucial in regulating cellular processes.
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called The Chicken to test consumer reaction to its cultured chicken burger, while the "world's first commercial sale of cell-cultured meat" occurred in December 2020 at
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843:(formerly Memphis Meats), concluding that its products were safe to eat, a first for cultivated meat companies in the United States. Approval from the final agency, the
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3.7. Dairy and fish vs. cultured meat: the difference in perception, production and promotion with Raffael Wolgensinger CEO of FORMO and Lou Cooperhouse CEO of BlueNalu
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3002:"necrotic center" from forming. A necrotic center is a phenomenon in which cells that are not in direct contact with the culture medium die from a lack of nutrients.
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enough quantities to be competitively sold in at least 10 states. The contest was later extended until 4 March 2014. The deadline eventually expired without a winner.
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on an animal under local anesthesia. They could also be established from secondary sources such as cryopreserved cultures (cultures frozen after previous research).
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5594:"Cell-based, cell-cultured, cell-cultivated, cultured, or cultivated. What is the best name for meat, poultry, and seafood made directly from the cells of animals?"
10505:
3139:. As cellular agriculture is attempting to end reliance on animals, chitin derived from fungi is of greater interest. It has mostly been studied by Pelling Group.
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to clarify any issues), and in the UK, Singapore and Israel (where governments have implemented a 'single point of contact' responsible for the overall process).
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257:" in media mentions and Google searches. Some industry stakeholders felt that the term unnecessarily tarnished conventional meat producers, continuing to prefer
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topographical cues and biochemical properties. Synthetic kinds of collagen have been produced through recombinant protein production—collagen type II and III,
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Gaydhane, Mrunalini K.; Mahanta, Urbashi; Sharma, Chandra S.; Khandelwal, Mudrika; Ramakrishna, Seeram (2018). "Cultured meat: state of the art and future".
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Gaydhane, Mrunalini K.; Mahanta, Urbashi; Sharma, Chandra S.; Khandelwal, Mudrika; Ramakrishna, Seeram (2018). "Cultured meat: state of the art and future".
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Siegrist, Michael; Sütterlin, Bernadette; Hartmann, Christina (May 2018). "Perceived naturalness and evoked disgust influence acceptance of cultured meat".
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said that cultured meat "will not be considered meat from live animals, but will be cultured meat." As long as the cells are not from pigs, dogs, and other
347:
for the production of tissue-engineered meat for human consumption, wherein muscle and fat would be grown in an integrated fashion to create food products.
14027:
13857:
13705:"Omega-3 enriched broiler meat: The influence of dietary alpha-linolenic omega-3 fatty acid sources on growth, performance and meat fatty acid composition"
9944:
6579:
3888:, where "synthetic meat" is one of the varieties of synthetic food introduced on Earth by Martians. Other notable books mentioning artificial meat include
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wrote: "We shall escape the absurdity of growing a whole chicken to eat the breast or wing, by growing these parts separately under a suitable medium."
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Valente, Júlia de Paula Soares; Fiedler, Rodrigo Alonso; Sucha Heidemann, Marina; Molento, Carla Forte Maiolino (30 August 2019). Gao, Zhifeng (ed.).
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to generate a portion of its electrical needs. Methane digesters could be built on site to transform the organic waste generated at the facility into
9138:"Smart Fat: Novel technology to transform liquid oils into solid fats could boost juiciness in plant-based meats, reduce sat fat, claims Cubiq Foods"
6729:
6541:"Memphis Meats rebrands as UPSIDE Foods, gears up to launch cell-cultured chicken by year-end: 'This is a big historic step for the entire industry'"
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342:
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13736:
12442:"To What Extent Are Consumers' Perception and Acceptance of Alternative Meat Production Systems Affected by Information? The Case of Cultured Meat"
11161:
Ben-Arye, Tom; Shandalov, Yulia; Ben-Shaul, Shahar; Landau, Shira; Zagury, Yedidya; Ianovici, Iris; Lavon, Neta; Levenberg, Shulamit (April 2020).
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the optimal pH. As a result, culture media must be frequently refreshed. This helps refresh the concentration of nutrients from the basal media.
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694:, one in the Netherlands and one in Israel. I think that's because these three places have firstly, a great agricultural university – we've got
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Singh, Satnam; Yap, Wee Swan; Ge, Xiao Yu; Min, Veronica Lee Xi; Choudhury, Deepak (2022). "Cultured meat production fuelled by fermentation".
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was used in the growth medium. However, since then, cultured meat has been grown with a medium that does not involve bovine serum. Philosopher
3568:
which is generally composed of 65% methane. This biogas could be burned to generate electricity for the greenhouse or a series of bioreactors.
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10801:
6343:
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17496:
15032:
Garrison, Greg L.; Biermacher, Jon T.; Brorsen, B. Wade (December 2022). "How much will large-scale production of cell-cultured meat cost?".
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acquired Peace of Meat for 15 million euros, and announced in May 2021 that it would build a new large-scale pilot plant in Antwerp by 2022.
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17283:
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Hamdan, Mohammad Naqib; Post, Mark J.; Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Mustafa, Amin Rukaini (1 December 2018). "Cultured Meat in Islamic Perspective".
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3729:, said about cultured beef that he would "not accept it being traded in a marketplace in any form or being used for a commercial purpose."
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13629:"UN, global health agencies sound alarm on drug-resistant infections; new recommendations to reduce 'staggering number' of future deaths"
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meat production. The environmental impacts of cultured meat are expected to be significantly lower than from animal husbandry. For every
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is a family of proteins that makes up the primary structure of human connective tissue. It is typically derived from bovine, porcine and
402:
12924:
12153:"Consumers' willingness to purchase three alternatives to meat proteins in the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil and the Dominican Republic"
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500:, a San Francisco-based company working on cultured fish, was founded in June 2016. In March 2017 it commenced laboratory operations.
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6383:
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3115:. Bacterial cellulose has more hydrogen bonding between its polymer strands and so it has greater crystallinity. It also has smaller
2993:
responsible for transmitting mechanical and biochemical cues to the cell. Scaffolds need to simulate the characteristics of the ECM.
15717:
12494:
10593:"Vow Begins Regulatory Approval Process to Launch Cultivated Quail in Australia by 2024 - vegconomist - the vegan business magazine"
7731:
4868:"Is "cultured meat" a viable alternative to slaughtering animals and a good comprise between animal welfare and human expectations?"
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10562:
10289:"SuperMeat founder: 'The first company that gets to market with cultured meat that is cost effective is going to change the world'"
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on the engineering side. Those three combined gives you a firm basis to , and that exists in Israel, the Netherlands and America.
615:(the name is a portmanteau of 'foie' and 'future') by a consortium of 3 companies (cultured-meat startup Peace of Meat, small meat-
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Muscle tissue is developed from the growth medium and organized in a three-dimensional structure by the scaffold for end product.
844:
423:
magazine declared cultured meat production to be one of the 50 breakthrough ideas of 2009. In November 2009, scientists from the
82:
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69:. Jason Matheny popularized the concept in the early 2000s after he co-authored a paper on cultured meat production and created
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such as cultured meat products have to go through a testing period of about 18 months during which a company must prove to the
13880:
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7297:"Chinese Official Calls for National Strategy to Allow China to Keep up With Other Countries Making Progress in Cultured Meat"
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Singaporean restaurants. Restaurant "1880" became the first to serve cultured meat to customers on Saturday 19 December 2020.
16902:
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13923:
11163:"Textured soy protein scaffolds enable the generation of three-dimensional bovine skeletal muscle tissue for cell-based meat"
8937:
is also working on a pilot plant. Companies such as BioTech Foods, SuperMeat and Eat Just have already started testing sites.
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13793:
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10719:
9907:"Student team tackling unsustainability of meat industry win Imperial competition | Imperial News | Imperial College London"
9248:
16907:
14443:
13481:
11103:
Adamski, Michal; Fontana, Gianluca; Gershlak, Joshua R.; Gaudette, Glenn R.; Le, Hau D.; Murphy, William L. (31 May 2018).
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growth was not shown to change significantly between the bare scaffold and the same scaffold with a coating of collagen or
642:
In November 2020, Indian start-up Clear Meat claimed it had managed to cultivate chicken mince at the cost of only 800–850
556:, Finless Foods, BlueNalu, and Fork & Goode. Similarly in December 2021, a group of 13 European and Israeli companies (
148:
explaining the development of cultured meat and a "post-animal bio-economy" driven by lab-grown protein (meat, eggs, milk)
15006:
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10539:
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4172:, multiple cultured meat products are for sale, due to the high cost of natural meat. This includes "EEZYBEEF", made from
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13314:
13285:"USDA/FDA Launches Joint Webinar on Roles and Responsibilities for Cultured Animal Cell Human and Animal Food Products"
10332:
10258:
8115:"Breaking: Upside Foods, Eat Just Earn First USDA Approval To Sell Cultivated Meat in The U.S.: 'A Giant Step Forward'"
8015:"World first: Singapore gives GOOD Meat approval to to[sic] commercialise serum-free media for cultivated meat"
5383:
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example, cost $ 300 apiece. (...) The goal is to make Shiok's shrimp 100 times cheaper by the first half of next year.
15407:
14532:
13024:
10327:
10126:"Upside Foods approved to sell cell-cultivated chicken in US; Shiok Meats pauses cell-cultivated seafood development"
9391:
6875:
6601:
5187:
4430:"Cultured Meat: The Upcoming Meat Production having Sustainable Benefits over Conventional Meat Production: A Review"
4083:
3861:
910:
771:
414:
10031:"We tried the first lab-grown sausage made without killing animals. It was smoky, savory, and tasted like breakfast"
8252:"Global Cultured Meat Market 2020-2024| Evolving Opportunities with Aleph Farms Ltd. and Appleton Meats | Technavio"
18264:
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17341:
17276:
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S.L. Davis (2001). "The least harm principle suggests that humans should eat beef, lamb, dairy, not a vegan diet".
11964:"BioTech Food tests on synthetic meat for € 5.2 million – Spanish government allocates 3.7 million for the project"
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Bryant, Christopher J.; Anderson, Joanna E.; Asher, Kathryn E.; Green, Che; Gasteratos, Kristopher (August 2019).
9580:"Cell-cultured meat gamechanger? Matrix Meats to showcase nanofiber scaffolding in 'solid meat product' this year"
5479:"'Cultivated' meat could be the most-consumer-friendly term for cell-cultured meat, suggests Mattson/GFI research"
3504:
magazine suggested that the cell-cultured process may also decrease exposure of the meat to bacteria and disease.
17743:
17511:
13237:"Bringing cultured meat to market: Technical, socio-political, and regulatory challenges in cellular agriculture"
11933:
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10658:"Sushi grown in a lab? A S.F. startup just unveiled the world's first cell-cultured seafood production facility"
9936:
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The European Union's Horizon 2020 R&D funding framework awarded a €2.7 million grant to a consortium led by
36:
Presentation of the world's first cultured hamburger being fried at a news conference in London on 5 August 2013
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8344:"'At first it seemed like science fiction…' Cell-cultured meat startup Artemys Foods emerges from stealth mode"
7478:"UE approva raccolta firme per togliere i sussidi agli allevamenti e incentivare la carne vegetale e coltivata"
7144:"Cellular Agriculture Europe Offers a Powerful Voice to the Cultivated Meat, Seafood, and Ingredients Industry"
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892:
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12687:"First glimpse on attitudes of highly educated consumers towards cell-based meat and related issues in Brazil"
12559:
11372:"Engineered whole cut meat-like tissue by the assembly of cell fibers using tendon-gel integrated bioprinting"
10623:
4209:
Proteins are coded for by specific genes, the genes coding for the protein of interest are synthesized into a
3672:
on global food corporations. Some projects are focusing on making cellular agriculture accessible to all. The
18244:
18084:
18050:
17491:
17321:
13664:
13435:
Edelman, P. D; McFarland, D. C.; Mironov, V. A.; Matheny, J. G. (2005). "In vitro-cultured meat production".
13176:"Carne coltivata: il divieto è legge. Rissa sfiorata tra i deputati di +Europa e il presidente di Coldiretti"
13145:
12626:
Grasso, Alessandra C.; Hung, Yung; Olthof, Margreet R.; Verbeke, Wim; Brouwer, Ingeborg A. (15 August 2019).
5100:
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17:
12151:
Gómez-Luciano, Cristino Alberto; de Aguiar, Luis Kluwe; Vriesekoop, Frank; Urbano, Beatriz (December 2019).
8375:"Hong Kong protein alternatives start-up eyes juicy cut of sector forecast to reach US$ 630 billion by 2040"
6821:
5727:
3580:
has "7–45% lower energy use... 78–96% lower GHG emissions, 99% lower land use, and 82–96% lower water use".
3046:
meat. This degradation can be induced by exposure to certain enzymes which do not impact the muscle tissue.
17606:
17531:
17486:
17189:
8510:
8186:
4257:
3774:
3540:, more palatable to some people. Furthermore, blood and bones could potentially be cultured in the future.
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2943:
Myoblasts are one precursor to muscle cells, and their fibers are shown in yellow and nuclei shown in blue.
2439:
836:
14758:
14477:. 7th International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment in the Agri-Food Sector. p. 5. Archived from
12628:"Older Consumers' Readiness to Accept Alternative, More Sustainable Protein Sources in the European Union"
11851:
11647:
11336:
6721:
5645:
3507:
Due to the strictly controlled and predictable environment, cultured meat production has been compared to
2903:
which—due to ethical issues—are controversial for use in research. As a result, scientists have developed
2450:
Note: data in italics refer to unfinished projects or projected capacities in the future; they may shift.
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17702:
17269:
17052:
16912:
14928:
13598:
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typically excludes the consumption of beef, such as steak and burgers. Chandra Kaushik, president of the
2899:
While pluripotent stem cells would be an ideal source, the most prominent example of this subcategory is
767:
584:
15806:
11260:
11231:
7336:
5780:"Cultured meat cos agree to replace term 'clean meat' with 'cell-based meat' and form trade association"
4201:
3676:, for instance, has a bottom-up approach, teaching participants to cultivate DIY cultured meat at home.
646:(US$ 10.77–11.44), while a slaughtered processed chicken cost about 1,000 rupees. On 27 April 2022, the
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18098:
18055:
17991:
17473:
17366:
16618:
14955:"'A major milestone for lab-grown meat': Could Eat Just's approval in Asia hurry the market in Europe?"
14118:
11697:
11498:
11467:
10356:"Why Richard Branson, Bill Gates and Jack Welch all invested in this start-up that grows meat in a lab"
8155:
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4115:
793:
Pasta dish with strips of Good Meat's cultivated chicken meat, served to the public in a restaurant in
453:
245:(GFI) coined the term in 2016, and in late 2018, the institute published research claiming that use of
15742:
6752:
6690:
6016:
5698:""Clean Meat," "Cell-Based Meat," "Slaughter-Free Meat": How We Talk About Meat Grown without Animals"
338:
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18038:
17998:
17894:
17809:
17736:
17596:
17481:
16954:
15961:
15445:
12107:
Bryant, Christopher; Szejda, Keri; Parekh, Nishant; Desphande, Varun; Tse, Brian (27 February 2019).
11051:"Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture and Cellular Agriculture Applications Derived From Non-animal Sources"
4697:
4109:
827:
would be introducing its cultivated pork sausages in several restaurants in Singapore later in 2024.
12994:
11435:
10160:"The first lab-grown meat for sale could come from this Singapore startup that's re-creating shrimp"
8724:
7617:"Dissecting cultivated meat regulation part 1: What's working in Europe and Israel, and what's not?"
766:
developing safety regulations in consultations with researchers and other experts. For example, the
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In February 2014, a biotech startup called BiteLabs ran a campaign to generate popular support for
777:
In January 2024, the Ministry of Health in Israel granted regulatory approval for cultured beef to
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395:
192:
188:
to market in 2021, while other companies have pursued different species of fish and other seafood.
120:
15376:
11582:"Making the Switch: Alternatives to Fetal Bovine Serum for Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Expansion"
7112:
5955:
18229:
18003:
17976:
17566:
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16876:
11287:"Production of Synthetic, Para-Aramid and Biopolymer Nanofibers by Immersion Rotary Jet-Spinning"
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881:
774:(FAO) co-organised a convention of cultivated food safety regulation experts in September 2022.
242:
74:
12995:"Italy Wants to be the First Country to Ban Lab-Grown Meat. That Would be a Big Climate Problem"
11727:
10159:
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animals, the meat would be considered vegetative and "similar to yogurt and fermented pickles."
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18234:
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14664:"A new lab-grown meat startup may have overcome a key barrier to making meat without slaughter"
14399:
14397:
14379:
14071:
13444:
9078:"Clear Meat seeks to solve the problem of animal slaughter through its cell-based meat culture"
6969:"A new lab-grown meat startup may have overcome a key barrier to making meat without slaughter"
6145:
5757:
4956:
4920:
4544:
4156:
4150:
In late 2016, cultured meat was involved in a case in the episode "How The Sausage Is Made" of
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3156:
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In October 2019, Aleph Farms collaborated with 3D Bioprinting Solutions to culture meat on the
533:
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10930:
10833:"DSM stapt in kweekvlees met start-up Meatable: groen, diervriendelijk en (hopelijk) rendabel"
9279:
8601:"Future Meat Technologies Launches World's First Industrial Cultured Meat Production Facility"
3358:
could be produced at the same cost as ground beef and in 2021 they commissioned a report from
3143:
is derived from chitin in a process known as alkaline deacetylation (substituting out certain
923:
Note: dates in italics refer to projected dates of achievement in the future; they may shift.
478:
in the supermarket around the corner?" That'll be closer to 10 than to 5 years, I think.
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17851:
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17712:
17162:
17105:
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16465:
13378:"Alabama bans lab-grown meat, joining Florida among US states outlawing alternative proteins"
12109:"A Survey of Consumer Perceptions of Plant-Based and Clean Meat in the USA, India, and China"
12080:
Xiang, Ning; Zhang, Ximing (2023). "The challenges of bringing cultured meat to the market".
9999:
7143:
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proteins; however, seeding efficiency (rate at which cells attach to the scaffold) improved.
1980:
1942:
954:
802:
587:. This was done by extruding meat cells onto a scaffold using a 3D printer. In January 2020,
196:
66:
14929:"Mark Post of Maastricht University in the Netherlands has developed synthetic beef patties"
14394:
14104:, H. Scott Matthews, Green Design Initiative, Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 07.02.09
13997:
7842:
6503:
Choudhury, Deepak; Tseng, Ting Wei; Swartz, Elliot (2020). "The Business of Cultured Meat".
6038:
Kadim, Isam T; Mahgoub, Osman; Baqir, Senan; Faye, Bernard; Purchas, Roger (February 2015).
5185:
Chauvet, David J. (2018). "Should cultured meat be refused in the name of animal dignity?".
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mammalian biochemical cues, so it needs to be coated with compensatory functional proteins.
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In 2015, Maastricht University hosted the first International Conference on Cultured Meat.
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Cultivated Meat to Secure Our Future: Hope for Animals, Food Security, and the Environment
15266:"Meet the 13 Companies Chosen for Cohort II of Big Idea Ventures' Alt-Protein Accelerator"
14307:
Proceedings of the Third Congress of the European Society for Agricultural and Food Ethics
12373:
11994:"UC Davis receives $ 3.55m grant to investigate long-term viability of cell-cultured meat"
11749:
9648:"Delftse slimmeriken Daan en Krijn komen in 2025 met kweekvlees: 'We willen voorop lopen'"
7540:
7083:"Meatable becomes a founding member of newly created association for cellular agriculture"
6440:
6375:
6111:
3304:
Scaffolds are placed inside bioreactors so that cell growth and specialization can occur.
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that assembles cell fibers could be used to produce a variety of steak-like cultured meat.
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15465:"Ellen DeGeneres salami? One company's quest to make meat from celebrity tissue samples"
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13939:
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13659:
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11105:"Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications"
10061:
9361:"The cell-cultivated meat revolution is starting, and these Bay Area startups are ready"
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14255:"Intensive poultry farming: A review of the impact on the environment and human health"
14094:
13575:
13543:"Antibiotics Overuse in Animal Agriculture: A Call to Action for Health Care Providers"
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9814:"This New Animal-Free Ingredient Company Just Raised Another $ 27.5 Million In Funding"
9614:"Cell-based meat in focus: In conversation with Meatable, Finless Foods, New Age Meats"
9284:
8222:"Aleph Farms' Space Program Has Lift Off as the Cultivated Steak Leader Reveals New HQ"
7684:[First cultured meat tasting in Netherlands: 'It's just an ordinary sausage'].
7113:"Cellular Agriculture Europe Launches to Become the "Voice of the Cultivated Industry""
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11781:"New technique from Singapore makes lab-grown meat cheaper, greener, and more ethical"
8632:"Lab-grown meat could be on store shelves by 2022, thanks to Future Meat Technologies"
7234:"As the US meat supply chain fumbles, cultured meat startups consider a better system"
6064:
6039:
5810:"'Cell-based meat' not the most consumer-friendly term, reveals GFI consumer research"
4135:
made with meat cultured from celebrity tissue samples. The campaign became popular on
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11904:"IntegriCulture Awarded $ 2.2 Million Grant to Build New Commercial Cell Ag Facility"
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6938:"Een écht stukje vlees, zonder dat daar dode dieren aan te pas komen: het komt eraan"
6522:
5627:
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5208:
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4899:
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4750:
Hong, Tae Kyung; Shin, Dong-Min; Choi, Joonhyuk; Do, Jeong Tae; Han, Sung Gu (2021).
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699:
291:
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16166:
15101:
15007:"Eat Just is racing to put 'no-kill meat' on your plate. Is it too good to be true?"
14271:
14254:
13970:
12594:
12344:
11162:
6213:
4318:
4045:. Most recently, it was also featured prominently as the central theme of the movie
3103:(the development of new blood vessels). While this has been shown to work for apple
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5196:
4988:"At the first lab-grown meat restaurant, you can eat a 'cultured chicken' sandwich"
4929:
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patty made from tissue grown outside of an animal. Since then, other cultured meat
15692:
14169:
12513:
12328:
12286:
9550:"Japanese Government Part of $ 2.7 Million Investment in Slaughter-Free Foie Gras"
6722:"This lab-grown chicken and duck meat looks surprisingly delicious March 15, 2017"
6518:
3895:
3165:. This is important as it neutralizes potentially harmful compounds without using
2567:
2538:
468:
445:
17541:
17516:
17336:
17145:
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16430:
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15623:
15427:"The Guy Who Wants to Sell Lab-Grown Salami Made of Kanye West Is "100% Serious""
14719:
14155:
14114:
14101:
14078:
13350:
13205:
12893:
12856:"Giorgia Meloni risks going the way of Liz Truss if she keeps defying the market"
12711:
11676:
9967:"New Age Meats Raises $ 2M Seed Extension to Continue Developing Cultivated Pork"
9785:
8815:"BlueNalu just months from first batch of yellowtail, mahi mahi grown from cells"
8785:"In Texas, BioBQ is Betting on Brisket as the Next Big Thing for Cell-Based Meat"
8755:"In Texas, BioBQ is Betting on Brisket as the Next Big Thing for Cell-Based Meat"
6323:
6291:
5907:
4214:
4162:
4144:
4113:, the player characters investigate a cultured meat company called Real Meat. In
4107:'s character refers to his steak tasting like "real Iowa beef". In the videogame
4087:
3997:
3953:
3875:
3726:
3585:
3500:
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by an approved company application, as of 1 January 2018. In September 2020, the
3254:
690:
There is a handful . It's quite interesting to see, there are three hubs: one in
632:
419:
302:
32:
14982:"This multibillion-dollar company is selling lab-grown chicken in a world-first"
13085:"Dopo tanto rumore il governo ritira in silenzio il 'ban' sulla carne coltivata"
12578:
9182:
8046:"FDA gives safety nod to 'no kill' meat, bringing it closer to sale in the U.S."
5075:"Investors eat up Orbillion Bio's plans for lab-grown Wagyu beef, elk and bison"
4362:
204:
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15993:
15836:
15812:
15541:
15045:
14602:
14251:
14123:
13678:
13628:
13252:
12820:
12560:"What's in a name? Consumer perceptions of in vitro meat under different names"
12093:
11395:
9848:
6255:
5612:
5528:
4826:
4481:
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4278:
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691:
665:
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249:
better reflected the production process and benefits. By 2018 it had surpassed
86:
14858:
14692:
Alvaro, C. (2019) Lab‐Grown Meat and Veganism: A Virtue‐Oriented Perspective.
13771:
13404:"Florida bans lab-grown meat, adding to similar efforts in three other states"
12040:
11178:
9314:
9108:"ClearMeat, India: "Our Target is to Accelerate Clean Meat Adoption in India""
8435:"Hong Kong cultivated seafood start-up CEO on expansion plans, sustainability"
7942:"This restaurant will be the first ever to serve lab-grown chicken (for $ 23)"
6473:
5200:
4665:
4632:
4310:
4198:
the generation of many plant-based products like tofu, tempeh and sauerkraut.
3468:
Arizona, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia are considering similar laws.
593:
found around 30 cultured meat startups, and that Memphis Meats, Just Inc. and
18254:
18218:
18167:
18065:
17667:
17571:
17250:
17062:
16977:
16949:
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16306:
16301:
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16136:
16121:
15955:
15935:
15920:
15861:
15673:
15631:
15408:"Hunger Game? Startup Whets Public Appetite For Salami Made From Celebrities"
14866:
14816:
14799:
14697:
14352:
14280:
13566:
13558:
12967:
12867:
12720:
12653:
12495:"Strategies for overcoming aversion to unnaturalness: The case of clean meat"
12238:
12134:
12125:
12108:
12048:
11607:
11598:
11528:
11519:
11502:
11403:
11310:
11186:
11124:
11076:
11067:
11050:
10194:
9843:
9433:
8565:"Will Cultured Meat Soon Be A Common Sight In Supermarkets Across The Globe?"
8476:
7541:"Krijn de Nood (Meatable): 'Wij pionieren een nieuwe manier van vlees maken'"
6246:
6176:
4866:
Chriki, Sghaier; Ellies-Oury, Marie-Pierre; Hocquette, Jean-François (2022).
4834:
4775:
4718:
4267:
4008:
3993:
3919:
3905:
3885:
3787:
3633:
3590:
3397:
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is nature's second most abundant polymer. It is found in the exoskeletons of
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2405:
2365:
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2014:
1918:
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1562:
1535:
1318:
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1112:
1045:
816:
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were the most advanced because they were building pilot plants. According to
553:
497:
489:
389:
In the early 2000s, American public health student Jason Matheny traveled to
351:
90:
13703:
Azcona, J.O.; Schang, M.J.; Garcia, P.T.; Gallinger, C.; Ayerza, R. (2008).
13541:
Martin, Michael J.; Thottathil, Sapna E; Newman, Thomas B. (December 2015).
13458:
13116:"Italy withdraws from EU process studying plan to ban cultivated-meat sales"
12229:
12023:
Sharma, Shruti; Thind, Sukhcharanjit Singh; Kaur, Amarjeet (December 2015).
10532:"Cell-based meat startups in Asia-Pacific show prototypes and raise funding"
10266:
9937:"New Age Meats Re-Brands to New Age Eats in Preparation for Consumer Launch"
8156:"As Meat Shortages Spread Globally, These 6 Startups Offer Alternative Cuts"
8075:"USDA approves 1st ever 'cell-cultivated meat' for 2 American manufacturers"
6040:"Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects"
4752:"Current Issues and Technical Advances in Cultured Meat Production: AReview"
4558:
2891:
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15998:
15910:
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15649:
14874:
14360:
14288:
14201:
14059:
13658:
Anomaly, Jonny; Browning, Heather; Fleischman, Diana; Veit, Walter (2024).
13584:
13466:
13315:"Texas governor signs new labeling law for plant-based and cultivated meat"
13270:
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12671:
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12521:
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12066:
11625:
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11302:
11142:
8665:"Czech firm Bene Meat gets EU registration for lab-grown meat for pet food"
8405:"Avant Meats Has First Public Taste Test of Cultured Fish Maw in Hong Kong"
7682:"Eerste proeverij kweekvlees in Nederland: 'Het is een doodgewoon worstje'"
6526:
5631:
5547:
4941:
4903:
4852:
4793:
4767:
4736:
4566:
4517:
4213:—a closed loop of double helical genetic information. This plasmid, called
4099:
3890:
3660:
3576:-eq GHG emissions". On the other hand, producing the same quantity of meat
3537:
3202:
3116:
3100:
3067:
2805:
2302:
1428:
840:
661:
643:
508:
329:
322:
94:
52:
14502:"Synthetic meat: how the world's costliest burger made it on to the plate"
10465:"Lab-grown meat also creates an unexpected benefit: ethical zebra burgers"
10062:"New Age Meats To Launch Cell-Based Sausages By 2022 After $ 25M Series A"
9492:"UK startup Higher Steaks creates world's first lab-grown bacon prototype"
5563:"Synthetic meat: how the world's costliest burger made it on to the plate"
5019:"Hello Cultured Meat, Goodbye to the Cruelty of Industrial Animal Farming"
4710:
3481:
Large-scale production of cultured meat may or may not require artificial
18184:
17964:
17959:
17866:
17521:
17346:
17239:
17150:
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17085:
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16779:
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16216:
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16141:
16131:
16096:
16073:
15945:
15940:
15483:"Elementary - How the Sausage is Made - Review: "Fake Meat, Real Murder""
14784:
8883:"The €250,000 lab-grown burger could be a more palatable €9 in two years"
7577:"'Everybody accepts the cultured meat trend is happening': Biotech Foods"
6907:"Lab-grown food: 'the goal is to remove the animal from meat production'"
4884:
4652:
4140:
4036:
4022:
3983:
3968:
3938:
3929:
3880:
3791:
3765:
3718:
3493:
could be added to cultured meat as a health bonus. In a similar way, the
3354:(GFI) put out a report in 2019 in support of the concept that cell-based
3305:
3269:
3206:
3182:
3166:
3132:
2716:
2669:
2470:
2427:
1960:
1884:
1868:
1778:
1612:
1566:
1493:
961:
949:
778:
673:
557:
513:
496:, ran a crowdfunding campaign in 2016, for its work on cultured chicken.
449:
424:
333:
141:
70:
17820:
15669:
How Growing Meat Without Animals Will Revolutionize Dinner and the World
15327:
13940:"How Eating Less Meat Could Help Protect the Planet From Climate Change"
13055:"Il governo ha ritirato il divieto sulla carne coltivata in laboratorio"
13025:"Carne coltivata: Italia fa retromarcia e non si oppone più. Figuraccia"
12778:"Italy's waging a crusade against lab-grown meat. Does it have a point?"
12460:
10758:"Lab to table: Israeli tech kitchens cook up future of animal-free food"
9188:"Migros, Givaudan und Bühler gründen ein Labor für kultiviertes Fleisch"
6845:"The Israeli Startup That Lets You Eat Meat - Without Eating the Animal"
264:
In September 2019, GFI announced new research which found that the term
176:
restaurant 1880, where cultured meat manufactured by United States firm
17924:
17397:
17219:
17194:
16714:
16709:
16628:
16475:
16336:
16043:
16038:
16003:
15744:
Technically food: inside Silicon Valley's mission to change what we eat
12925:"Italy is set to ban lab-grown meat – here's why it should think again"
12644:
10802:"JBS Breaks Ground on $ 62M Cultivated Meat R&D Facility in Brazil"
10096:"Singapore's Shiok Meats bags $ 3m in bridge funding ahead of series A"
9392:"Finless Foods's Pokè-Style Plant-Based Tuna Now Available Across U.S."
9219:"Out of the lab and into your frying pan: the advance of cultured meat"
8980:"A Chinese Biotech Startup Could Best Conventional Meat Prices by 2025"
8636:
7973:"Eat Just Makes History (Again) with Restaurant Debut of Cultured Meat"
7812:"Lab-grown chicken 'food revolution' gathers pace at Ness Ziona eatery"
7482:
4648:"Scientific, sustainability and regulatory challenges of cultured meat"
4446:
4429:
4401:
4222:
4041:
3846: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3296:
3144:
3104:
3071:
2920:
2881:
2842:
2788:
2712:
2600:
895: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
758:
726:
521:
383:
379:
375:
369:
bathed in a nutritious solution and induced to divide. That same year,
326:
310:
191:
The production process is constantly evolving, driven by companies and
18191:
15201:
14468:
Tuomisto, Hanna L.; Teixeira de Mattos, M. J. (22–24 September 2010).
14193:
14051:
13998:"You Will Be Eating Lab-Grown Meat Soon: Here's What You Need to Know"
13721:
13704:
13291:. FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 9 September 2020.
13146:"Divieto carne sintetica in Italia, Lollobrigida smentisce ritiro ddl"
12150:
10720:"CAS Wants You (and Everyone Else) to Know About Cellular Agriculture"
9877:"Motif FoodWorks preps commercial production for its first ingredient"
7648:"EU Bites Into Cultivated Meat As Meatable Sets First Sausage Tasting"
7053:"Cell-cultured meat companies just created a brand-new lobbying group"
5319:"Slaughter-Free Meat Is An Answer To Our Cruel And Broken Food System"
4509:
17954:
17447:
17261:
17032:
16754:
16662:
16652:
16633:
16603:
16455:
16415:
16381:
16351:
16286:
16146:
16111:
16033:
16013:
15970:
15900:
14430:
14030:(17 June 2011), "Environmental Impacts of Cultured Meat Production",
13915:
11468:"Japanese scientists produce first 3D-bioprinted, marbled Wagyu beef"
10689:"Slaughter-Free Food Is The New And The Now Way Of Feeding The World"
6563:
5840:
5257:"Diners enjoy world's first restaurant meal made from lab-grown meat"
4231:
4218:
4104:
4060:
3958:
3236:
3178:
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2783:
2707:
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1936:
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announced they had managed to grow meat using cells from a live pig.
173:
165:
161:
157:
153:
15808:
Cellular Agriculture Technology, Society, Sustainability and Science
15719:
Billion dollar burger: inside big tech's race for the future of food
13794:"World's first lab-grown steak is made from beef but slaughter-free"
12684:
11750:"TEA of cultivated meat. Future projections for different scenarios"
11679:, Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 11 (2010) at 17.
10997:"Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) | UCLA Broad Stem Cell Center"
10434:"11 Plant-Based And Alternative Protein Trends To Watch For In 2022"
10323:"Documentary 'Meat the Future' shows us the possible future of meat"
10226:"Singapore's Shiok Meats hopes to hook diners with lab-grown shrimp"
7448:"Indian Cell-Based Meat Company Claims it Has Achieved Price Parity"
4647:
4496:
Post, Mark (4 December 2013). "Medical technology to Produce Food".
4397:"Dutch Parliament Approves Cultured Meat Tasting In The Netherlands"
4346:
3821:
870:
18131:
17682:
17551:
17432:
17204:
17199:
17009:
16759:
16739:
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16724:
16719:
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16578:
16530:
16493:
16296:
16251:
16226:
16186:
16156:
16106:
16018:
16008:
15512:
14832:"Will Lab Cultivated Meat break kosher guidelines? - Green Prophet"
13660:"Flesh Without Blood: The Public Health Benefits of Lab‐Grown Meat"
13408:
10394:"World's Most Advanced Lab-Grown Meat Facility Opens In California"
10259:"Peace of Meat: "We gaan 100.000 ton kweekvet per jaar produceren""
9178:
7203:"A startup says it's building a US pilot plant for cell-based meat"
6691:"A San Francisco Startup Is Serving Chicken That Was Made in a Lab"
5353:"Rabbi: Lab-grown pork could be kosher for Jews to eat – with milk"
4240:
4181:
4160:. Cultured meat was profiled in the 2020 Canadian documentary film
3722:
3628:
To avoid the use of any animal products, the use of photosynthetic
3249:
3221:
3193:
3152:
3148:
3140:
2986:
2927:
Cell lines can be collected from a primary source, i.e., through a
2916:
2656:
2587:
2531:
1762:
1515:
1324:
824:
741:
565:
549:
504:
441:
359:
208:
177:
169:
57:
18203:
15446:"No, This Website Won't Actually Make Salami Out Of Famous People"
13737:"Spanish government invests €5.2 million in cultured meat project"
11116:
10869:"Food for thought: cultured meat maker brings in $ 55m in funding"
9750:"Mosa Meats Announces it Has Reduced Production Costs by 88 Times"
9011:"Chinese firm serves up lab-grown pork in world's top meat market"
7732:"Exclusive: Meatable Hosts EU-First Cultivated Meat Tasting Event"
6142:"Paper Says Edible Meat Can be Grown in a Lab on Industrial Scale"
5414:"USDA and FDA to Host Joint Meeting On Cell-Based Meat Regulation"
4957:"Feature: Israeli cultured meat company aims to redefine industry"
657:
to shift subsidies from animal husbandry to cellular agriculture.
623:-producing company Nauta) and 3 non-profit institutes (university
488:
Between 2011 and 2017, many cultured meat startups were launched.
200:
17080:
16944:
16794:
16774:
16657:
16583:
16450:
16425:
16395:
16387:
16371:
16356:
16266:
16261:
16256:
16241:
16231:
16181:
16126:
15988:
15925:
15892:
15791:(1st ed.). London: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. 2023.
15290:
14467:
11440:
7417:
4245:
4210:
4136:
3805:
3693:
3556:
3494:
3197:
3161:
3092:
2990:
2768:
2764:
2751:
2747:
2508:
2475:
2426:
In addition to these companies, non-profit organizations such as
2231:
636:
608:
573:
318:
211:
discussions. Data published by the non-governmental organization
185:
14431:
Haagsman, H.P.; K.J. HelIingwerf; B.A.J. Roelen (October 2009).
11160:
5925:"The idea for lab-grown meat was born in a prisoner-of-war camp"
4230:, which neutralizes the negative charges on the cell membrane's
16769:
16669:
16623:
16524:
16503:
16445:
16435:
16405:
16291:
16176:
16023:
15978:
15832:
Cultivated Meat: Technologies, Commercialization and Challenges
11843:
11639:
11344:
11284:
9523:"Start-up dreams of feeding world with cheap lab-cultured meat"
9174:
8950:"3D-Printed Meat Startup CellX Raises $ 4.3 Million in Funding"
8569:
8283:"Lab-grown meat companies see opportunity for growth in Canada"
6480:(in Dutch). Dutch House of Representatives. 26 September 2018.
5728:"Lab-made meat rebranded 'clean meat' to address 'yuck' factor"
4618:
4428:
Patil, R. Akshay; Bhavana, A.; Patil, B. Roopa; Deepak (2024).
4296:
4177:
4132:
3697:
3565:
3181:(naturally occurring enzymes). But, this can be resisted using
3128:
3108:
2928:
2895:
Stem cells can differentiate into a range of specialized cells.
2792:
2683:
2665:
2571:
2512:
2479:
2275:
2219:
2131:
1822:
1634:
1232:
1155:
1013:
977:
517:
363:
145:
81:
meat research. Cultured meat has the potential to mitigate the
13434:
11580:
Dessels, Carla; Potgieter, Marnie; Pepper, Michael S. (2016).
11364:
11362:
11102:
5127:"Seafood Without The Sea: Will Lab-Grown Fish Hook Consumers?"
4916:
4461:
Hubalek, Sophie; Post, Mark J.; Moutsatsou, Panagiota (2022).
650:
approved the request for the collection of signatures for the
17184:
16784:
16729:
16694:
16689:
16593:
16573:
16361:
16311:
16053:
15930:
13657:
11551:"What Are the Different Types of Bioreactors? - Biotech Blog"
11503:"Possibilities for Engineered Insect Tissue as a Food Source"
11256:
11223:
9717:
7877:"Israel Becomes First Country to Allow Sale of Cultured Beef"
7770:"I tried the world's first no-kill, lab-grown chicken burger"
6474:"Kweekvlees en vleesvervangers - Rondetafelgesprek 26-9-2018"
5510:"Nomenclature of cell-cultivated meat & seafood products"
4463:"Towards resource-efficient and cost-efficient cultured meat"
3712:
3703:
3629:
3601:
little harm to the wildlife that live around the facilities.
3525:
3136:
3088:
2727:
100 kilograms per month (1,200 kg/y) per 200L bioreactor
2675:
2542:
1701:
1460:
1419:
1380:
1342:
820:
390:
18179:
17234:
12956:"Italian plan to ban lab-grown food criticised as misguided"
12894:"Italy moves to ban lab-grown meat to protect food heritage"
11689:
10931:"MeaTech Is Now Churning Out 100% Pure Cultured Chicken Fat"
9713:"Van het lab naar een bord is een lange weg voor kweekvlees"
7410:
7026:
6015:
4205:
The Impossible Burger was made with fermented heme proteins.
2939:
301:
independently came up with the idea for cultured meat. As a
16410:
16316:
16161:
16063:
16058:
15983:
15884:
15125:"Catch Video from the New Harvest Cultured Meat Conference"
13702:
13346:"Florida Just Became the First State to Ban Lab-Grown Meat"
12310:"Consumer acceptance of cultured meat: A systematic review"
12106:
11640:"Future Fields Cellular Agriculture & Biomanufacturing"
11359:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8102:
7610:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7000:"Future Fields is tackling cultured meat's biggest problem"
5754:""Clean meat" is catching on: a reflection on nomenclature"
4645:
3529:
3284:
structure turkey cells on the International Space Station.
471:
tastes the world's first cultured hamburger, 5 August 2013.
370:
6814:"Would you eat lab grown chicken? SuperMeat sure hopes so"
4865:
4064:
apparently provides a synthetic meat, although crews from
321:
was first performed successfully in 1971 when pathologist
16684:
16068:
15915:
15031:
14570:"I'll Have My Burger Petri-Dish Bred, With Extra Omega-3"
12272:
11445:
9461:"Higher Steaks Makes World's First Cell-Based Pork Belly"
8917:"Lab-Grown Meat Is Getting Closer to Supermarket Shelves"
6753:"SuperMeat wants you to try its lab-grown chicken breast"
4184:
culture based "Orgiatic" which comes in several flavors.
4151:
3696:
rabbinical authorities disagree whether cultured meat is
3593:
and methane, and the volatilization of manure particles.
734:
15068:"Artificial meat: UK scientists growing 'bacon' in labs"
14800:"A Jewish Religious Perspective on Cellular Agriculture"
12492:
12146:
12144:
9422:"Reinventing the eel: first lab-grown eel meat revealed"
8099:
7870:
7868:
7599:
3439:
legalization, as misguided, and for possibily worsening
3169:, which many consumers avoid. Chitosan's resemblance to
3066:
is the most abundant polymer in nature and provides the
3020:
other substances which have these functional qualities.
2947:
Once cell lines are established, they are immersed in a
382:
exhibited a few centimeters of "steak", grown from frog
195:
institutions. The applications for cultured meat led to
15853:
15384:
14567:
12625:
12558:
Bryant, Christopher J.; Barnett, Julie C. (June 2019).
9607:
9605:
6876:"No harm, no fowl: Startup to grow chickenless chicken"
6629:"You Could Be Eating Lab-Grown Meat in Just Five Years"
4427:
698:; secondly, a great medical university – for us that's
607:
In December 2019, the Foieture project was launched in
15608:"Overview of the Purification of Recombinant Proteins"
14844:
14733:"In Vitro Meat: Power, Authenticity and Vegetarianism"
14568:
Kruglinski, Susan; Wright, Karen (22 September 2008).
14461:
13540:
12308:
Bryant, Christopher; Barnett, Julie (September 2018).
12213:"The Impact of Framing on Acceptance of Cultured Meat"
12211:
Bryant, Christopher; Dillard, Courtney (3 July 2019).
11874:"Icelandic Biotech Firm Receives Large European Grant"
11579:
11496:
10900:"How will Mosa Meat spend its latest $ 55m injection?"
7911:"No-kill, lab-grown meat to go on sale for first time"
7679:
6660:"Startup Serves Up Chicken Produced From Cells in Lab"
5756:. The Good Food Institute. 24 May 2018. Archived from
4347:"Possibilities for an in vitro meat production system"
452:
she would have taken the product for meat rather than
18096:
17658:
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
14798:
Kenigsberg, Joel; Zivotofsky, Ari (22 January 2020).
14634:"Can Vegetarians Eat In-Vitro Meat? The Debate Rages"
14424:
12141:
11719:
11497:
Rubio, Natalie R.; Fish, Kyle D.; Trimmer, Barry A.;
10964:"Frequently asked questions about stem cell research"
9383:
8534:"There are now lab-grown mouse-meat cookies for cats"
8311:
8216:
8214:
8212:
7865:
6037:
4533:"Commentary: In Vitro-Cultured Meat Productionsystem"
4460:
4007:
In film, artificial meat has featured prominently in
3471:
3276:
Another proposed way of structuring muscle tissue is
2977:, they are influenced by their interactions with the
854:
17478:
All-Party Parliamentary Group for Future Generations
15694:
Meat Planet: Artificial Flesh and the Future of Food
14896:
14894:
14892:
14797:
14440:
Universiteit Utrecht: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
14149:
Lab-grown meat would 'cut emissions and save energy'
12440:
Mancini, Maria Cecilia; Antonioli, Federico (2020).
12403:
Spring, Alexandra; Bence, Cydnee (18 October 2022).
12268:
12266:
11670:
Possibilities for an in vitro meat production system
10224:
Aravindan, Aradhana; Teo, Travis (28 January 2020).
10195:"Could synthetic fish be a better catch of the day?"
9602:
9169:
9167:
9165:
9163:
9075:
8694:
7175:"First meat grown in space lab 248 miles from Earth"
6502:
5841:"Cultivated Meat: Why GFI Is Embracing New Language"
3300:
Potential bioreactor configuration for cultured meat
3173:
and internal interactions between glycoproteins and
15771:. Woodstock: Lantern Publishing & Media. 2023.
14170:"Environmental Impacts of Cultured Meat Production"
13995:
12809:"Scientists protest Italy's ban on cultivated meat"
11934:"EU's Horizon 2020 invests in cellular agriculture"
11814:"How it's made: the science behind cultivated meat"
11368:
10621:
10563:"The new factory making meat that's illegal to eat"
10029:Brodwin, Erin; Canales, Katie (22 September 2018).
9040:Chow, Emily; Patton, Dominique (3 September 2021).
9009:Chow, Emily; Patton, Dominique (4 September 2021).
7570:
7568:
7566:
7413:"Plannen voor Belgische proeffabriek voor kweekvet"
6376:"World's first lab-grown burger is eaten in London"
6134:
5987:"The Future of the Cultured Meats Industry in 2040"
5872:"Cultivated meat: A growing nomenclature consensus"
5445:"7 Predictions On The Future Of Clean Meat in 2019"
4351:
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies
3663:argues that the question of the morality of eating
3384:different materials with complementary properties.
14999:
14759:"Shojinmeat is Growing a DIY Clean Meat Community"
12405:"WHAT'S THE BEEF? DEBATES OVER CELL-CULTURED MEAT"
10866:
10498:"Lab-grown kangaroo meat: it's what's for dinner?"
9309:
9307:
8914:
8209:
7510:"Consolidation on the way in cultured meat sector"
14889:
14471:Life cycle assessment of cultured meat production
13512:"Could lab-grown meat prevent the next pandemic?"
12263:
10253:
10251:
9744:
9742:
9740:
9675:
9673:
9280:"Silicon Valley and the Search for Meatless Meat"
9160:
7908:
7373:"Belgisch bedrijf bouwt 2 labo's voor kweekvlees"
7177:. Guardian News & Media Limited. The Guardian
604:a national strategy to compete in cultured meat.
273:, with 75 percent of 44 companies preferring it.
18216:
15094:"International Conference on Cultured Meat 2015"
14493:
13881:"How do you grow bone in a lab? Good vibrations"
12439:
11049:Campuzano, Santiago; Pelling, Andrew E. (2019).
11048:
10824:
10795:
10793:
10791:
10789:
10787:
10785:
10783:
10089:
10087:
9994:
9992:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8184:
8150:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8112:
8012:
7563:
7334:
6181:"Lab-Grown Meat a Reality, But Who Will Eat It?"
5592:Hallman, William K.; Hallman, Eileen E. (2023).
5554:
4248:to leach the water from bacteria and kill them.
4143:'s burger, the company is seen as an example of
15353:. Comedy Central. 17 March 2009. Archived from
15343:
14561:
14433:"Production of Animal Proteins by Cell Systems"
14367:
14323:(November 2009). "The Rise of Vertical Farms".
13996:Rodríguez Fernández, Clara (18 December 2018).
12853:
12621:
12619:
12025:"In vitro meat production system: why and how?"
12022:
10830:
10755:
9710:
9304:
8008:
8006:
8004:
8002:
8000:
7998:
7574:
7196:
7194:
7192:
6935:
6783:"Lab-Grown Chicken Could Soon Be On Your Plate"
5508:Malerich, Marlana; Bryant, Christopher (2022).
3608:
3331:The culture media is an essential component of
3082:, respectively. Through cross-linking (forming
2442:advocate for, fund and research cultured meat.
839:(FDA) completed the pre-market consultation of
819:obtained Singaporean approval for its cultured
27:Animal flesh produced by culturing animal cells
17497:Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research
15351:"The Colbert Report: World of Nahlej – Shmeat"
13969:Morris, Regan; Cook, James (15 October 2018).
13759:
12206:
12204:
10717:
10615:
10391:
10248:
10028:
9778:
9737:
9670:
9249:"Kweekvlees is er, maar het eten mag nog niet"
8043:
7904:
7902:
6109:
5591:
5507:
5049:"What is the most consumed meat in the world?"
4749:
4498:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
3798:
2871:Diagram of cultured meat's production process.
2850:50,000 pounds (22,680 kg) salmon per year
17836:
17786:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
17277:
15869:
15665:
15525:
14946:
14603:"Could vegetarians eat a 'test tube' burger?"
14524:
13910:Pigott, George M.; Tucker, Barbee W. (1990).
13479:
13206:"Italy bans lab-grown meat in nod to farmers"
12775:
12557:
12307:
12210:
10897:
10780:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10745:
10655:
10431:
10265:(in Dutch). GAIA. 3 June 2020. Archived from
10157:
10084:
9989:
9682:"Swiss start-up: laboratory meat from Zurich"
9358:
9071:
9069:
9067:
8837:
8137:
7939:
7767:
7614:
7442:
7440:
7370:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7322:
6602:"'World's first' lab-grown meatball revealed"
6241:
6239:
6110:Catts, Oron; Zurr, Ionat (Winter 2004–2005).
5646:"Bill Gates wants you to eat artificial meat"
3786:Research continues on many fronts, including
2800:"Hundreds of kilograms" per week (June 2021)
851:, both for cultivated chicken, in June 2023.
17362:Psychological barriers to effective altruism
13909:
13851:"Lab-Grown Blood To Be Trialled in the U.K."
12616:
10651:
10649:
10387:
10385:
10383:
10381:
10223:
9959:
9354:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9340:
8880:
8465:"Pets may soon be fed laboratory-grown meat"
7995:
7970:
7809:
7675:
7673:
7411:Bert Broens, Jens Cardinaels (14 May 2021).
7225:
7189:
7044:
7025:Evich, Helena Bottemiller (29 August 2019).
6434:
6432:
3550:Environmental vegetarianism § Criticism
3120:it will contribute to the texture profile).
2981:(ECM). The ECM is the 3-dimensional mesh of
14791:
14300:
14298:
14095:Case Study – Landfill Power Generation
12854:Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (10 August 2023).
12402:
12201:
11586:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
10862:
10860:
10858:
10427:
10425:
10423:
10153:
10151:
7899:
7843:"לראשונה בעולם: ישראל מאשרת בשר בקר מתורבת"
7366:
7364:
7362:
7267:"Accelerating the cultured meat revolution"
6407:"Engineering the $ 325,000 In Vitro Burger"
6344:"Scientists grow pork meat in a laboratory"
5346:
5344:
5101:"Lab-grown fish makes a debut in Hong Kong"
3768:—a 501(c)(3) research institute—as well as
3688:
3376:within the meat. When muscle is cultivated
18079:
17843:
17829:
17332:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
17284:
17270:
15876:
15862:
15666:Shapiro, Paul; Harari, Yuval Noaḥ (2018).
14703:
14698:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09759-2
14319:
14304:
13968:
13903:
13765:
13289:United States Food and Drug Administration
12079:
10742:
10320:
10192:
9645:
9419:
9064:
9039:
9008:
8725:"Turkey's first lab-grown meat on its way"
8598:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7763:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7645:
7538:
7437:
7319:
7166:
7141:
6929:
6441:"What does a stem cell burger taste like?"
6284:
6236:
6171:
6169:
6167:
5672:""Clean Meat": The "Clean Energy" of Food"
4394:
2520:500 kilograms per day (182,625 kg/y)
17850:
15740:
15639:
15605:
14979:
14815:
14270:
14020:
13821:"Lab-grown food: It's what's for dinner!"
13720:
13687:
13677:
13574:
13448:
13260:
12953:
12728:
12710:
12661:
12643:
12469:
12459:
12246:
12228:
12124:
12056:
11615:
11597:
11518:
11411:
11132:
11066:
10646:
10597:vegconomist - the vegan business magazine
10378:
9941:Vegconomist - the vegan business magazine
9704:
9641:
9639:
9489:
9337:
9315:"Inside the Quest to Make Lab Grown Meat"
8910:
8908:
8594:
8592:
7670:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7261:
7259:
6468:
6466:
6438:
6429:
6245:
6063:
5869:
5838:
5621:
5611:
5537:
5527:
4893:
4883:
4842:
4783:
4726:
4591:
4548:
4480:
4445:
3915:The Restaurant at the End of the Universe
3862:Learn how and when to remove this message
3804:New York and Singapore. They invested in
3754:
3260:
3014:
2822:22,680 kilograms (50,000 pounds) per year
911:Learn how and when to remove this message
17507:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
15424:
15405:
15122:
15034:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
14952:
14499:
14295:
14167:
14107:
14026:
13428:
13234:
12922:
11291:Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
10928:
10855:
10624:"The Fish Is Boneless. (Fishless, Too.)"
10525:
10523:
10489:
10420:
10353:
10316:
10314:
10148:
10059:
10000:"Four Challenges Facing Cultivated Meat"
9811:
9679:
9520:
9514:
9076:Deepsekhar Choudhury (25 January 2020).
8503:"Read about our cultured meat cat treat"
7680:Judith van de Hulsbeek (17 April 2024).
7359:
7172:
6404:
5381:
5341:
5224:
4954:
4809:"Cultured Meat: Promises and Challenges"
4200:
4147:rather than an actual business venture.
3295:
3264:
2963:
2938:
2890:
2866:
2826:scalable to 400,000 lbs/y / 181,440 kg/y
847:(USDA) was received by Upside Foods and
788:
463:
126:
99:
31:
17587:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
15690:
15529:Trends in Food Science & Technology
15263:
15234:
15232:
15230:
15228:
15226:
15224:
14113:
13878:
13241:Trends in Food Science & Technology
13113:
12806:
12398:
12396:
11280:
11278:
11251:
11249:
11218:
11216:
11156:
11154:
11152:
11098:
11096:
11094:
11044:
11042:
10495:
10463:Bronner, Stephen J. (24 October 2019).
10462:
10053:
9874:
9772:
9547:
9458:
9271:
9210:
9042:"Chinese firm serves up lab-grown pork"
8915:Agnieszka de Sousa (10 December 2020).
8662:
8629:
8562:
8178:
8037:
7792:
7754:
7704:
7027:"Cell-based meat companies join forces"
6966:
6960:
6572:"Sizzling Steaks May Soon Be Lab-Grown"
6368:
6280:
6278:
6164:
5953:
5285:
5184:
4530:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
3584:environmental concerns about intensive
3461:United States Department of Agriculture
3055:characteristics of suitable scaffolds.
2854:scalable to 200,000 lbs/y / 90,718 kg/y
1976:
845:United States Department of Agriculture
716:
459:
83:environmental impact of meat production
14:
18217:
17935:Differential technological development
17291:
15462:
15443:
15325:
14600:
14530:
14313:
14174:Environmental Science & Technology
14119:"Annals of Science, Test-Tube Burgers"
14032:Environmental Science & Technology
13343:
12874:from the original on 19 September 2023
12029:Journal of Food Science and Technology
11808:
11806:
11778:
11478:from the original on 21 September 2021
11040:
11038:
11036:
11034:
11032:
11030:
11028:
11026:
11024:
11022:
10991:
10989:
10958:
10956:
10867:Louis Gore Langton (19 October 2020).
10799:
10354:Clifford, Catherine (24 August 2017).
9692:from the original on 19 September 2020
9636:
9611:
9590:from the original on 24 September 2020
9420:Carrington, Damian (22 January 2024).
9389:
9277:
9216:
8905:
8589:
8531:
8385:from the original on 28 September 2020
8197:from the original on 29 September 2020
8187:"Wanneer ligt kweekvlees op ons bord?"
7874:
7729:
7397:
7256:
6688:
6626:
6463:
6341:
6175:
6078:
5935:from the original on 24 September 2017
5870:Friedrich, Bruce (29 September 2021).
5839:Friedrich, Bruce (13 September 2019).
5476:
5384:"A Lab-Grown Burger Gets a Taste Test"
5317:Anthis, Jacy Reese (19 October 2018).
5316:
5220:
5218:
5150:
5148:
5016:
4985:
4806:
4690:
4596:. The University of Chicago Magazine.
4035:). "Man-made" chickens also appear in
3403:
861:List of vegetarian and vegan companies
830:
17824:
17265:
15857:
15715:
14804:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
14631:
14582:from the original on 10 November 2012
14223:"CE_Delft_LCA_of_cultivated_meat.pdf"
13639:from the original on 26 December 2021
13401:
13216:from the original on 18 November 2023
13186:from the original on 16 November 2023
13156:from the original on 16 November 2023
13126:from the original on 16 November 2023
13005:from the original on 16 November 2023
12992:
12935:from the original on 16 November 2023
12765:from the original on 4 December 2020.
12604:from the original on 12 February 2023
12113:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
11507:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
11055:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
10831:Pepijn de Lange (13 September 2021).
10554:
10520:
10408:from the original on 29 December 2021
10311:
10299:from the original on 24 November 2020
9977:from the original on 7 September 2020
9793:from the original on 13 February 2020
9241:
9198:from the original on 13 December 2021
8874:
8735:from the original on 16 February 2021
8675:from the original on 15 November 2023
8630:Shieber, Jonathan (10 October 2019).
8366:
8312:foodnavigator-usa.com (8 June 2022).
8280:
8185:Dieter De Cleene (12 November 2019).
7983:from the original on 20 December 2021
7952:from the original on 17 December 2021
7909:Damian Carrington (2 December 2020).
7646:De Lorenzo, Daniela (17 April 2024).
7532:
7337:"Vlaanderen investeert in kweekvlees"
7335:Dieter De Cleene (17 December 2019).
7289:
7231:
7200:
7154:from the original on 10 December 2021
7093:from the original on 10 December 2021
7050:
7024:
6979:from the original on 6 September 2023
6873:
6842:
6811:
6750:
6657:
6569:
6484:from the original on 3 September 2019
6417:from the original on 17 November 2019
6033:
6031:
5922:
5472:
5470:
5442:
5394:from the original on 31 December 2019
5166:from the original on 26 November 2018
4998:from the original on 11 February 2021
4395:De Lorenzo, Daniela (17 March 2022).
4369:from the original on 27 December 2022
4344:
3811:
668:(formerly Future Meat Technologies),
611:with the goal of developing cultured
430:
15788:Advances in cultured meat technology
15612:Current Protocols in Protein Science
15508:"Are We Ready to 'Meat the Future'?"
15425:Merchant, Brian (26 February 2014).
15264:Marston, Jennifer (13 August 2020).
15221:
14953:Morrison, Oliver (4 December 2020).
14926:
14601:Izundu, Chi Chi (23 February 2012).
14412:from the original on 4 February 2014
14373:
14233:from the original on 30 January 2022
13977:from the original on 30 January 2020
13971:"Would you eat slaughter-free meat?"
13950:from the original on 5 December 2019
13818:
13747:from the original on 26 October 2021
13522:from the original on 30 January 2022
13295:from the original on 28 October 2020
13095:from the original on 30 October 2023
13065:from the original on 23 October 2023
13035:from the original on 30 October 2023
12835:from the original on 25 October 2023
12788:from the original on 31 October 2023
12421:from the original on 25 October 2022
12393:
12189:from the original on 26 October 2020
11974:from the original on 20 January 2022
11944:from the original on 30 January 2022
11914:from the original on 30 January 2022
11884:from the original on 30 January 2022
11854:from the original on 20 October 2020
11824:from the original on 19 October 2020
11791:from the original on 12 October 2022
11760:from the original on 26 January 2022
11730:from the original on 30 October 2020
11700:from the original on 28 October 2020
11650:from the original on 30 October 2020
11561:from the original on 22 October 2020
11317:from the original on 19 October 2020
11275:
11263:from the original on 19 October 2020
11246:
11234:from the original on 21 October 2020
11213:
11201:from the original on 2 November 2020
11149:
11091:
11007:from the original on 18 October 2020
10974:from the original on 18 October 2020
10941:from the original on 7 December 2021
10910:from the original on 18 January 2022
10879:from the original on 28 October 2021
10843:from the original on 9 December 2021
10768:from the original on 5 December 2021
10756:Ricky Ben-David (25 November 2021).
10730:from the original on 26 October 2020
10686:
10634:from the original on 6 December 2021
10622:David Yaffe-Bellany (10 July 2019).
10560:
10529:
10508:from the original on 7 November 2020
10477:from the original on 20 October 2020
10444:from the original on 5 December 2022
10170:from the original on 10 October 2020
10072:from the original on 7 December 2021
10041:from the original on 4 November 2020
9917:from the original on 26 October 2020
9887:from the original on 11 October 2020
9875:Shieber, Jonathan (1 October 2020).
9856:from the original on 1 November 2020
9658:from the original on 9 December 2021
9560:from the original on 26 October 2020
9371:from the original on 15 October 2021
9118:from the original on 8 December 2021
9088:from the original on 6 December 2021
8927:from the original on 8 December 2021
8795:from the original on 21 October 2020
8765:from the original on 21 October 2020
8705:from the original on 25 January 2021
8611:from the original on 5 December 2021
8544:from the original on 27 October 2021
8415:from the original on 26 October 2020
8372:
8354:from the original on 31 October 2020
8324:from the original on 3 February 2023
8262:from the original on 9 December 2022
8013:Gary Scattergood (18 January 2023).
7921:from the original on 2 December 2020
7853:from the original on 17 January 2024
7822:from the original on 6 December 2021
7551:from the original on 26 October 2020
7458:from the original on 8 December 2021
7425:from the original on 7 December 2021
7385:from the original on 2 November 2020
7347:from the original on 29 October 2020
7173:Smithers, Rebecca (7 October 2019).
7063:from the original on 14 October 2019
7006:from the original on 9 February 2021
6917:from the original on 13 January 2018
6904:
6898:
6732:from the original on 3 December 2018
6701:from the original on 5 December 2022
6670:from the original on 5 December 2022
6639:from the original on 5 December 2022
6582:from the original on 8 November 2020
6551:from the original on 29 January 2022
6451:from the original on 3 November 2019
6439:Hogenboom, Melissa (5 August 2013).
6287:"In Search of a Test-Tube Hamburger"
6275:
6251:"Test-tube meat science's next leap"
6224:from the original on 25 January 2020
6195:from the original on 30 October 2019
6122:from the original on 30 October 2019
6091:from the original on 4 November 2023
5984:
5730:. GlobalMeatNews. 8 September 2016.
5678:from the original on 18 January 2021
5477:Watson, Elaine (12 September 2019).
5375:
5133:from the original on 29 October 2021
5107:from the original on 21 October 2021
5081:from the original on 27 October 2021
5055:from the original on 21 October 2021
5029:from the original on 17 January 2021
4814:Environmental and Resource Economics
4600:from the original on 16 October 2013
4495:
4381:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4187:
3874:Cultured meat has often featured in
3844:adding citations to reliable sources
3815:
2631:Unknown number of 6000L bioreactors
2379:April 2024: restaurants in Singapore
893:adding citations to reliable sources
864:
564:, Gourmey, Higher Steaks, Ivy Farm,
168:opened a farm-to-fork restaurant in
18024:Future-oriented technology analysis
17502:Center for High Impact Philanthropy
15606:Wingfield, Paul T. (1 April 2015).
14933:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
14674:from the original on 6 October 2018
14376:"Test Tube Meat Nears Dinner Table"
13879:Bradley, Sian (12 September 2017).
13375:
13325:from the original on 9 January 2024
12954:Giuffrida, Angela (29 March 2023).
12776:Dell'Anna, Alessio (4 April 2023).
11803:
11490:
11019:
10986:
10953:
10898:Flora Southey (25 September 2020).
10699:from the original on 7 January 2022
10573:from the original on 6 October 2022
10236:from the original on 5 October 2020
10205:from the original on 15 August 2020
10193:Silverberg, David (24 March 2020).
9760:from the original on 14 August 2020
9711:Leonie Hosselet (6 February 2017).
9624:from the original on 12 August 2020
9612:Watson, Elaine (11 February 2020).
9459:Edwards, Charlotte (27 July 2020).
9325:from the original on 18 August 2020
9052:from the original on 4 October 2021
9021:from the original on 4 October 2021
8563:Kateman, Brian (17 February 2020).
8281:Sagan, Aleksandra (18 April 2019).
8044:Allison Aubrey (14 November 2022).
7587:from the original on 11 August 2020
7575:Oliver Morrison (5 November 2019).
6997:
6967:Brodwin, Erin (28 September 2018).
6886:from the original on 17 August 2016
6793:from the original on 10 August 2016
6608:from the original on 19 August 2016
6214:"PETA's 'In Vitro' Chicken Contest"
5916:
5882:from the original on 1 October 2021
5790:from the original on 11 August 2020
5560:
5489:from the original on 1 October 2019
5215:
5145:
5017:Scully, Matthew (17 January 2021).
3387:
1797:late 2024: restaurants in Singapore
1140:(formerly Future Meat Technologies)
281:
24:
15659:
14549:from the original on 22 March 2017
14531:Raizel, Robin (11 December 2005).
13709:Canadian Journal of Animal Science
13492:from the original on 21 March 2023
13114:Mathieu, Henry (20 October 2023).
12923:Malagoli, Silvia (14 April 2023).
12539:from the original on 10 March 2023
12382:from the original on 4 August 2021
10812:from the original on 18 April 2024
10800:Mridul, Anay (27 September 2023).
10603:from the original on 18 April 2024
10432:Brian Kateman (30 November 2021).
10392:Katie Spalding (8 November 2021).
10136:from the original on 18 April 2024
10093:
10010:from the original on 18 April 2024
9947:from the original on 18 April 2024
9812:Splitter, Jenny (15 August 2019).
9779:Martine Kamsma (7 February 2020).
9292:from the original on 16 April 2020
9148:from the original on 15 April 2021
8445:from the original on 18 April 2024
8293:from the original on 18 April 2024
8125:from the original on 17 April 2024
7940:Jade Scipioni (18 December 2020).
7887:from the original on 17 April 2024
7840:
7742:from the original on 17 April 2024
7692:from the original on 17 April 2024
7658:from the original on 17 April 2024
7627:from the original on 28 March 2023
7520:from the original on 18 April 2024
6763:from the original on 18 March 2017
6719:
6689:Farber, Madeline (15 March 2017).
6627:Addady, Michal (2 February 2016).
6386:from the original on 19 March 2019
6327:. 12 November 2009. Archived from
6285:Siegelbaum, D.J. (23 April 2008).
6044:Journal of Integrative Agriculture
6028:
5978:
5923:Purdy, Chase (24 September 2017).
5467:
5443:Banis, Davide (14 December 2018).
5363:from the original on 31 March 2018
5298:from the original on 21 March 2023
5267:from the original on 22 April 2023
4934:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121274
4693:"Culture, meat, and cultured meat"
3709:International Islamic Fiqh Academy
3472:Differences from conventional meat
3005:
1675:£'Thousands'/kg (July 2020 claim)
855:Companies working on cultured meat
784:
740:In April 2024, the Dutch start-up
444:, Cornwall, and tasted by critics
61:. Cultured meat is produced using
25:
18281:
15444:Knibbs, Kate (28 February 2014).
15406:Jauregui, Andres (3 March 2014).
15326:Fresco, Michael (25 March 2009),
15175:"April 2023: The Month in Review"
14980:Gilchrist, Karen (1 March 2021).
14644:from the original on 3 March 2016
14613:from the original on 3 April 2015
14345:10.1038/scientificamerican1109-80
13891:from the original on 4 April 2023
13800:from the original on 28 June 2023
13547:American Journal of Public Health
12354:from the original on 9 March 2023
11109:Journal of Visualized Experiments
10668:from the original on 25 June 2021
10530:Klar, Michal (20 November 2019).
10328:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
9529:from the original on 14 July 2020
9502:from the original on 24 July 2020
9359:Alex Barreira (14 October 2021).
9278:Kowitt, Beth (19 December 2017).
9259:from the original on 12 June 2018
8663:Lopatka, Jan (10 November 2023).
8113:Green Queen Team (22 June 2023).
8087:from the original on 24 June 2023
7971:Andrew Noyes (21 December 2020).
7768:Oliver Holmes (4 December 2021).
7615:Flora Southey (8 February 2023).
7307:from the original on 20 July 2020
6936:Mac van Dinther (31 March 2018).
6342:Rogers, Lois (29 November 2009).
6112:"Ingestion / Disembodied Cuisine"
5652:from the original on 8 April 2022
5455:from the original on 5 April 2023
5382:Fountain, Henry (6 August 2013).
5329:from the original on 5 April 2023
5286:Zaraska, Marta (19 August 2013).
5188:Ethical Theory and Moral Practice
4986:Peters, Adele (5 November 2020).
4524:
4409:from the original on 7 April 2022
4325:
4176:cultured muscle cells taken from
3878:. The earliest mention may be in
3326:
3235:exhibit unique properties at the
3155:and a bacteria static effects on
2560:scalable to 4,000 tonnes annually
1892:'Small car'/kg (June 2020 claim)
1393:with conventionally sourced pork
985:Over $ 3,000/kg (Nov 2019 claim)
772:Food and Agriculture Organization
664:(21.5%; formerly Memphis Meats),
560:, Bluu Biosciences, Cubiq Foods,
524:and according to Tetrick also by
483:Peter Verstrate, Mosa Meat (2018)
415:Norwegian Food Research Institute
313:provided the basis for the idea.
18202:
18190:
18178:
18166:
18154:
18142:
18130:
18118:
18106:
18078:
17342:Equal consideration of interests
17245:
17244:
17233:
15960:
15954:
15691:Wurgaft, Benjamin Aldes (2019).
15599:
15582:"CaCl2 Transformation Technique"
15574:
15548:
15519:
15500:
15475:
15456:
15437:
15418:
15399:
15369:
15319:
15308:
15283:
15257:
15194:
15167:
15142:
15123:Albrecht, Chris (20 July 2018).
15116:
15086:
15060:
15025:
14973:
14920:
14838:
14824:
14777:
14751:
14725:
14686:
14656:
14625:
14594:
14512:from the original on 4 June 2023
14403:
14259:Science of the Total Environment
14245:
14215:
14168:Tuomisto, Hanna (17 June 2011).
14161:
14142:
14131:from the original on 18 May 2011
14088:
14065:
14008:from the original on 13 May 2024
13989:
13962:
13932:
13872:
13860:from the original on 1 June 2022
13843:
13831:from the original on 1 July 2018
13812:
13786:
13729:
13696:
13651:
13621:
13609:from the original on 21 May 2021
13591:
13534:
13504:
13482:"Is Lab-Grown Meat Good for Us?"
13480:Marta Zaraska (19 August 2013).
13473:
13395:
13369:
13357:from the original on 12 May 2024
13337:
13307:
13277:
13228:
13198:
13182:(in Italian). 16 November 2023.
13168:
13138:
13107:
13077:
13047:
13017:
12986:
12974:from the original on 13 May 2024
12947:
12916:
12904:from the original on 13 May 2024
12886:
12847:
12807:Sabelli, Chiara (5 April 2023).
12800:
12769:
12745:
12678:
12551:
12486:
12433:
12366:
12301:
12100:
12073:
12016:
12004:from the original on 2 July 2022
11986:
11956:
11926:
11896:
11866:
11836:
11779:Andrei, Mihai (4 October 2022).
11772:
11742:
11712:
11682:
11662:
11632:
11573:
11543:
11460:
11428:
11329:
10922:
10891:
10711:
10680:
10585:
10561:Sier, Jessica (2 October 2022).
10456:
10366:from the original on 26 May 2020
10347:
10335:from the original on 13 May 2024
10281:
10217:
10186:
10158:David Pierson (8 October 2020).
10118:
10106:from the original on 4 July 2020
10022:
9929:
9899:
9868:
9836:
9824:from the original on 13 May 2024
9805:
9725:from the original on 5 July 2018
9572:
9541:
9521:Nakamura, Keita (15 July 2019).
9490:Petzinger, Jill (21 July 2020).
9483:
9471:from the original on 13 May 2024
9452:
9440:from the original on 13 May 2024
9413:
9229:from the original on 13 May 2024
9194:(in German). 15 September 2021.
9130:
9100:
9033:
9002:
8990:from the original on 13 May 2024
8972:
8960:from the original on 13 May 2024
8942:
8893:from the original on 13 May 2024
8862:from the original on 13 May 2024
8825:from the original on 13 May 2024
8807:
8777:
8747:
8717:
8687:
8656:
8644:from the original on 27 May 2020
8623:
8577:from the original on 30 May 2020
8556:
8532:Peters, Adele (16 August 2021).
8525:
8495:
8483:from the original on 19 May 2021
8457:
8427:
8397:
8336:
8305:
8274:
8244:
8232:from the original on 17 May 2022
8166:from the original on 6 June 2020
8067:
8025:from the original on 30 May 2023
7964:
7933:
7875:Mridul, Anay (17 January 2024).
7834:
7780:from the original on 13 May 2024
7639:
7490:from the original on 31 May 2022
7277:from the original on 30 May 2020
7244:from the original on 28 May 2020
7213:from the original on 28 May 2020
7201:Purdy, Chase (22 January 2020).
7123:from the original on 13 May 2024
6948:from the original on 21 May 2018
6855:from the original on 13 May 2024
6570:Bunge, Jacob (1 February 2016).
6319:"The 50 Best Inventions of 2009"
5997:from the original on 1 June 2019
5966:from the original on 11 May 2019
5954:Specter, Michael (16 May 2011).
5851:from the original on 13 May 2024
5820:from the original on 28 May 2019
5734:from the original on 24 May 2017
5708:from the original on 13 May 2024
5573:from the original on 4 June 2023
5424:from the original on 8 June 2023
5288:"Is Lab-Grown Meat Good for Us?"
4967:from the original on 5 July 2021
4756:Food Science of Animal Resources
4672:from the original on 13 May 2024
4573:from the original on 13 May 2024
4274:Timeline of cellular agriculture
4058:from the TV and movie franchise
3925:Le Transperceneige (Snowpiercer)
3820:
3746:A scientific paper published in
3514:
3489:Researchers have suggested that
3227:
3023:
2934:
2493:Fully operational by summer 2022
2398:
2353:
2315:
2268:
2224:
2212:
2160:
2124:
2086:
2047:
2007:
1973:'88x cheaper' (July 2020 claim)
1953:
1911:
1877:
1841:
1815:
1794:April 2024: public tasting in EU
1771:
1734:
1694:
1660:
1627:
1584:
1528:
1486:
1453:
1412:
1373:
1335:
1292:
1257:
1225:
1192:
1148:
1105:
1071:
1038:
1006:
970:
869:
47:among other names, is a form of
17744:Famine, Affluence, and Morality
17512:Development Media International
15556:"What is Cellular Agriculture?"
14272:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160014
13819:Kerr, Dara (19 February 2016).
13770:. Vertical Farm. Archived from
13416:from the original on 4 May 2024
13344:Conrad, Jennifer (3 May 2024).
13152:(in Italian). 18 October 2023.
13091:(in Italian). 18 October 2023.
13061:(in Italian). 17 October 2023.
13031:(in Italian). 16 October 2023.
11968:EFA News – European Food Agency
10718:Catherine Lamb (20 June 2018).
10496:Cherney, Mike (8 August 2019).
9401:from the original on 3 May 2023
9217:Corbyn, Zoë (19 January 2020).
8852:"JBS takes over Bio Tech Foods"
8055:from the original on 3 May 2023
7502:
7470:
7135:
7105:
7075:
7051:Purdy, Chase (29 August 2019).
7018:
6991:
6867:
6836:
6805:
6775:
6744:
6713:
6682:
6651:
6620:
6594:
6533:
6496:
6405:Fountain, Henry (12 May 2013).
6398:
6335:
6311:
6206:
6103:
6072:
6009:
5947:
5912:International Churchill Society
5894:
5863:
5832:
5802:
5772:
5746:
5720:
5690:
5664:
5638:
5585:
5501:
5436:
5406:
5350:
5310:
5279:
5249:
5178:
5119:
5093:
5067:
5041:
5010:
4979:
4948:
4910:
4859:
4800:
4743:
4684:
4639:
4468:Current Opinion in Food Science
4192:
4094:) trying to grow cowless beef.
3831:needs additional citations for
3596:Skeptic Margaret Mellon of the
3366:
3080:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
2695:5,000 kilograms per day by 2025
2445:
1559:Dec 2020: restaurants Singapore
880:needs additional citations for
748:
683:
297:In the 1950s, Dutch researcher
219:
17708:Risk of astronomical suffering
15699:University of California Press
14847:Journal of Religion and Health
12172:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103732
10929:Sally Ho (20 September 2021).
10656:Alex Barreira (25 June 2021).
9548:Marvell, Helen (5 June 2018).
9255:(in Dutch). NOS. 22 May 2018.
8373:Sito, Peggy (17 August 2020).
7730:Mridul, Anay (17 April 2024).
7142:Amy Buxton (8 December 2021).
6874:Tobin, Andrew (13 July 2016).
6843:Tobin, Andrew (13 July 2016).
6658:Bunge, Jacob (15 March 2017).
4955:Kolyohin, Nick (2 July 2021).
4691:Bryant, Christopher J (2020).
4612:
4585:
4489:
4454:
4421:
4290:
3543:
3425:
3291:
3036:
2905:induced pluripotent stem cells
2880:Cellular agriculture requires
731:European Food Safety Authority
711:Krijn de Nood, Meatable (2020)
13:
1:
18240:Bright green environmentalism
18051:Technology in science fiction
17492:Centre for Effective Altruism
17322:Disability-adjusted life year
16903:Countries by meat consumption
15463:Harris, Jenn (5 March 2014).
14961:. William Reed Business Media
14632:Hines, Nico (7 August 2013).
13665:Journal of Bioethical Inquiry
13402:Kainz, Natalie (2 May 2024).
12993:Baker, Aryn (12 April 2023).
12514:10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.04.004
12329:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.04.008
12287:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.007
12082:Nature Reviews Bioengineering
9844:"Biotech: The future of food"
9680:Schuller, Jil (8 June 2020).
8881:Vincent West (10 July 2019).
7810:Jonah Mandel (23 June 2021).
7089:. Meatable. 3 December 2021.
6519:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.02.012
6148:. 6 July 2005. Archived from
6079:Sample, Ian (20 March 2020).
6065:10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60881-9
5156:"Future Food - In Vitro Meat"
4284:
3598:Union of Concerned Scientists
3321:
2875:
2759:700 grams per production run
2370:US$ 1350/kg (Aug 2019 claim)
2283:$ 35/burger (Dec 2020 claim)
2112:March 2023: company shutdown
1709:¥20,000/kg (July 2019 claim)
1479:Cultured Food Innovation Hub
652:European Citizens' Initiative
164:have gained media attention:
85:and address issues regarding
17607:Raising for Effective Giving
17532:Future of Humanity Institute
17190:Non-vegetarian food in India
16908:Countries by meat production
15624:10.1002/0471140864.ps0601s80
14927:Post, Mark (26 March 2015).
13235:Stephens, N (21 July 2018).
12712:10.1371/journal.pone.0221129
10662:San Francisco Business Times
9646:Till Behne (24 April 2021).
9365:San Francisco Business Times
7841:מן, יובל (17 January 2024).
7371:Yves Degroote (8 May 2020).
7232:Purdy, Chase (13 May 2020).
6812:Chang, Lulu (11 July 2016).
6751:Chang, Lulu (11 July 2016).
5985:Frey, Thomas (30 May 2019).
4592:Schonwald, Josh (May 2009).
4258:Cellular agriculture society
3775:Cellular Agriculture Society
3759:
3609:Role of genetic modification
3457:Food and Drug Administration
3058:
3049:
2440:Cellular Agriculture Society
2330:$ 1,700/lb (Feb 2018 claim)
2239:€15,000/kg (May 2020 claim)
2179:$ 3,500/kg (Oct 2020 claim)
1599:$ 7,000/lb (Feb 2018 claim)
837:Food and Drug Administration
757:opened a test restaurant in
7:
17758:Living High and Letting Die
17703:Neglected tropical diseases
16913:Food and drink prohibitions
15741:Zimberoff, Larissa (2021).
15586:MyBioSource Learning Center
15240:"Current Research Projects"
12579:10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.021
12160:Food Quality and Preference
10567:Australian Financial Review
10060:Sally Ho (4 October 2021).
9390:Buxton, Amy (17 May 2022).
8599:Ally Dunne (23 June 2021).
7539:Gijs Vroom (4 March 2020).
6081:"Fish fillets grow in tank"
5561:Jha, Alok (5 August 2013).
4363:10.1016/j.ifset.2009.10.007
4251:
4039:'s 1977 surrealist horror,
3799:Accelerators and incubators
3781:
3732:
3242:
3216:
3188:
2996:
2959:
585:International Space Station
10:
18286:
18056:Technology readiness level
17992:Technological unemployment
17474:Against Malaria Foundation
17367:Quality-adjusted life year
15952:
15542:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.028
15150:"The Good Food Conference"
15046:10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100358
14785:"Does meat make the meal?"
14500:Alok Jha (5 August 2013).
13679:10.1007/s11673-023-10254-7
13253:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.04.010
12821:10.1038/d43978-023-00050-7
12094:10.1038/s44222-023-00075-z
11396:10.1038/s41467-021-25236-9
10094:Yu, Doris (24 June 2020).
9525:. Kyodo News. Kyodo News.
8984:interestingengineering.com
6905:Card, Jon (24 July 2017).
6017:WO application 9931222
5613:10.1038/s41538-023-00234-x
5529:10.1038/s41538-022-00172-0
5261:BBC Science Focus Magazine
4827:10.1007/s10640-021-00551-3
4531:Edelman, PD (3 May 2005).
4482:10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100885
4226:exposed to a salt such as
4082:(2009–2010), the episode "
3748:Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
3741:
3640:
3547:
2862:
2504:(Future Meat Technologies)
2204:subsidiary: Peace of Meat)
1611:May 2022 (restaurants and
1431:/chicken (Nov 2020 claim)
1350:€100/kg (July 2019 claim)
858:
619:company Solina, and small
276:
261:as a neutral alternative.
51:where meat is produced by
18074:
18039:Technological singularity
17999:Technological convergence
17917:
17895:Genetically modified food
17885:Closed ecological systems
17865:
17858:
17810:Effective Altruism Global
17802:
17737:The End of Animal Farming
17721:
17630:
17597:Nuclear Threat Initiative
17482:Animal Charity Evaluators
17461:
17385:
17299:
17228:
17126:
17061:
17018:
16970:
16955:Psychology of eating meat
16930:
16895:
16815:
16808:
16559:
16499:Black soldier fly maggots
16484:
16380:
16202:
16082:
15969:
15891:
14859:10.1007/s10943-017-0403-3
12041:10.1007/s13197-015-1972-3
11179:10.1038/s43016-020-0046-5
10321:Chris Dart (4 May 2020).
8191:Eos Wetenschap (magazine)
7341:Eos Wetenschap (magazine)
5225:Rohrheim, A (June 2016).
5201:10.1007/s10677-018-9888-4
4698:Journal of Animal Science
4666:10.1038/s43016-020-0112-z
4633:10.1007/s40898-018-0005-1
4345:Datar, I (January 2010).
4311:10.1007/s40898-018-0005-1
4166:. In the 2020 video game
4103:during the dinner scene,
3476:
3123:
2743:(MeaTech / Peace of Meat)
2737:
2586:
2524:
2339:June 2023: United States
2297:Test restaurant Nov 2020
2033:Q4 2021 (beef flavouring)
1570:June 2023: United States
17765:The Most Good You Can Do
17678:Intensive animal farming
17663:Global catastrophic risk
17537:Future of Life Institute
17028:Beef hormone controversy
15883:
15315:"Star Trek 'Charlie X'".
15154:The Good Food Conference
14817:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00128
14718:21 November 2011 at the
13559:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302870
12126:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00011
11599:10.3389/fcell.2016.00115
11520:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00024
11068:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00038
8439:South China Morning Post
8379:South China Morning Post
6352:. London. Archived from
4807:Treich, Nicolas (2021).
4621:Biomanufacturing Reviews
4299:Biomanufacturing Reviews
4263:List of meat substitutes
4014:La morte ha fatto l'uovo
3689:Religious considerations
2731:scalable to 180,000 kg/y
2307:(formerly Memphis Meats)
1520:(formerly Hampton Creek)
1166:(Feb 2020 goal by 2022)
801:On 2 December 2020, the
702:; and finally we've got
595:Future Meat Technologies
435:The first cultured beef
396:peer-reviewed literature
121:University of Maastricht
65:techniques pioneered in
18265:Sustainable food system
18004:Technological evolution
17977:Exploratory engineering
17567:The Good Food Institute
17317:Demandingness objection
14442:: 13–14. Archived from
14154:25 October 2020 at the
14100:3 December 2008 at the
14077:14 October 2019 at the
13768:"Vertical Farm Essay I"
13766:Despommier, D. (2008).
13599:"Antibiotic resistance"
13459:10.1089/ten.2005.11.659
12230:10.3389/fnut.2019.00103
11690:"Multus | feeding food"
9781:"De race om kweekvlees"
6664:The Wall Street Journal
6576:The Wall Street Journal
6506:Trends in Biotechnology
5876:The Good Food Institute
5845:The Good Food Institute
5702:The Good Food Institute
4559:10.1089/ten.2005.11.659
3770:The Good Food Institute
3645:Australian bioethicist
3441:climate change in Italy
3434:In March 2023, Italy's
3352:The Good Food Institute
2698:200-litre bioreactors;
2076:(New Age Meats 2018–22)
1971:(Feb 2017 goal by 2020)
823:; while Dutch start-up
768:Israeli Health Ministry
288:Thoughts and Adventures
243:The Good Food Institute
237:Between 2016 and 2019,
75:non-profit organization
18014:Technology forecasting
18009:Technological paradigm
17982:Proactionary principle
17793:What We Owe the Future
17622:Wild Animal Initiative
17357:Moral circle expansion
17053:Water holding capacity
14722:at Food Ethics Council
14694:J Agric Environ Ethics
12217:Frontiers in Nutrition
11675:7 October 2016 at the
11303:10.1002/mame.201600365
6146:University of Maryland
4768:10.5851/kosfa.2021.e14
4206:
3755:Continuing development
3445:Francesco Lollobrigida
3301:
3278:additive manufacturing
3273:
3261:Additive manufacturing
3015:Biochemical properties
2969:
2944:
2896:
2872:
2815:Emeryville, California
2642:Emeryville, California
2546:(production facility)
2146:Mid-2021 (restaurants)
1391:aiming for cost-parity
1184:Bene Meat Technologies
835:In November 2022, the
798:
708:
534:pluripotent stem cells
526:Heineken International
480:
472:
234:is occasionally used.
149:
124:
37:
17940:Disruptive innovation
17900:Precision agriculture
17852:Emerging technologies
17751:The Life You Can Save
17713:Wild animal suffering
17038:Feed conversion ratio
16940:Ethics of eating meat
15716:Purdy, Chase (2020).
14670:. 28 September 2018.
14072:A Farm on Every Floor
12000:. 28 September 2020.
11998:foodnavigator-usa.com
11376:Nature Communications
10293:foodnavigator-usa.com
9584:foodnavigator-usa.com
9144:. 19 September 2019.
9142:foodnavigator-usa.com
8956:. 13 September 2021.
8348:foodnavigator-usa.com
8318:foodnavigator-usa.com
7514:Foodservice Footprint
6545:foodnavigator-usa.com
6189:National Public Radio
5816:. 30 September 2018.
5814:foodnavigator-usa.com
5786:. 10 September 2018.
5784:foodnavigator-usa.com
5704:. 27 September 2018.
4204:
4033:The Wing or the Thigh
3637:genetic engineering.
3299:
3268:
2967:
2942:
2894:
2870:
2700:scalable to 500-litre
2613:20+ 1200L bioreactors
2556:1,000 tonnes annually
1943:Maastricht University
1687:IntegriCulture, Inc.
803:Singapore Food Agency
792:
688:
655:End The Slaughter Age
475:
467:
139:
111:
67:regenerative medicine
35:
18245:Cellular agriculture
17987:Technological change
17930:Collingridge dilemma
17880:Cellular agriculture
17377:Venture philanthropy
17091:Environmental impact
13796:. 18 December 2018.
13212:. 17 November 2023.
11668:I. Datar, M. Betti,
10599:. 28 February 2023.
9321:. 16 February 2018.
8731:. 28 November 2019.
8411:. 25 November 2019.
8258:. 22 November 2019.
8256:www.businesswire.com
8228:. 17 February 2022.
7454:. 30 November 2020.
6331:on 15 November 2009.
5760:on 16 September 2018
5674:. 6 September 2016.
4434:Agricultural Reviews
4002:Lois McMaster Bujold
3840:improve this article
3619:genetically modified
3415:Red to Green Podcast
3076:University of Ottawa
2979:extracellular matrix
2901:embryonic stem cells
2436:ProVeg International
889:improve this article
717:European Union entry
460:Industry development
290:, British statesman
119:by Mark Post of the
117:World Economic Forum
73:, the world's first
49:cellular agriculture
18044:Technology scouting
18019:Accelerating change
17612:Sentience Institute
15412:The Huffington Post
15387:on 25 February 2014
14902:"But Is It Kosher?"
14787:. 5 September 2016.
14668:UK Business Insider
14449:on 12 November 2013
14374:Sandhana, Lakshmi.
14337:2009SciAm.301e..80D
14325:Scientific American
14321:Despommier, Dickson
14309:. pp. 449–450.
14186:2011EnST...45.6117T
14044:2011EnST...45.6117T
13743:. 20 January 2021.
13518:. 14 January 2021.
13029:Il Fatto Alimentare
12703:2019PLoSO..1421129V
12461:10.3390/ani10040656
11970:. 22 January 2021.
11940:. 14 October 2020.
11644:www.futurefields.io
11388:2021NatCo..12.5059K
10762:The Times of Israel
10542:on 24 November 2020
10502:Wall Street Journal
9913:. 25 October 2019.
8858:. 7 December 2021.
8791:. 12 October 2020.
8761:. 12 October 2020.
8471:. 28 January 2021.
7516:. 2 November 2023.
7119:. 7 December 2021.
6998:Shieber, Jonathan.
6880:The Times of Israel
6249:(20 January 2007).
6056:2015JIAgr..14..222K
5956:"Test-Tube Burgers"
5906:26 May 2022 at the
5599:npj Science of Food
5515:npj Science of Food
5323:The Huffington Post
5103:. 29 January 2021.
4711:10.1093/jas/skaa172
4066:The Next Generation
4028:L'aile ou la cuisse
3901:The Space Merchants
3655:vegetarian because
3615:genetic engineering
3491:omega-3 fatty acids
3449:European Commission
3404:Consumer acceptance
2582:(R&D facility)
2432:Good Food Institute
2192:(March 2020 claim)
1801:2025: United States
831:United States entry
648:European Commission
213:Good Food Institute
123:about in vitro meat
115:, a lecture at the
113:The Meat Revolution
18061:Technology roadmap
17875:Agricultural robot
17693:Malaria prevention
17653:Economic stability
17638:Biotechnology risk
17592:Malaria Consortium
17557:Giving What We Can
17527:Fistula Foundation
17312:Charity assessment
17293:Effective altruism
17215:Warmed-over flavor
16983:Semi-vegetarianism
15104:on 9 February 2017
14542:The New York Times
14481:on 3 February 2014
14406:"Patent US6835390"
14083:The New York Times
13437:Tissue Engineering
13376:Robledo, Anthony.
12645:10.3390/nu11081904
11910:. 28 August 2020.
11474:. 25 August 2021.
11448:on 1 November 2020
11347:on 19 October 2020
10628:The New York Times
9852:. 27 August 2020.
9586:. 10 August 2020.
8986:. 1 October 2021.
6411:The New York Times
6299:on 22 January 2010
6263:on 2 November 2011
6220:. 6 October 2008.
5388:The New York Times
5237:on 1 December 2018
5231:Sentience Politics
4961:Xinhua News Agency
4885:10.1093/af/vfac002
4537:Tissue Engineering
4447:10.18805/ag.R-2333
4270:(meat alternative)
4207:
4125:on 17 March 2009.
4122:The Colbert Report
3934:Jean-Marc Rochette
3812:In popular culture
3674:Shojinmeat Project
3657:fetal bovine serum
3603:Dickson Despommier
3302:
3274:
3213:to certain cells.
3171:glycosaminoglycans
2970:
2945:
2919:cap—supplementary
2897:
2873:
2774:Constructing plant
2756:2 labs March 2020
2626:Constructing plant
2246:Constructing; 2022
2202:(formerly MeaTech;
1720:(July 2020 claim)
1508:(Sept 2021 claim)
799:
753:In November 2020,
629:Flemish Government
542:fetal bovine serum
473:
440:House Restaurant,
431:First public trial
150:
125:
63:tissue engineering
38:
18270:Synthetic biology
18094:
18093:
17913:
17912:
17818:
17817:
17730:Doing Good Better
17602:Open Philanthropy
17582:Mercy for Animals
17577:The Humane League
17453:Eliezer Yudkowsky
17418:William MacAskill
17393:Sam Bankman-Fried
17307:Aid effectiveness
17259:
17258:
16926:
16925:
15846:978-3-031-55968-6
15822:978-0-443-18767-4
15798:978-1-003-41209-0
15778:978-1-59056-697-8
15758:978-1-4197-4709-0
15733:978-0-525-53694-9
15708:978-0-520-29553-7
15683:978-1-5011-8908-1
15506:Dorothy Woodend,
15487:www.spoilertv.com
15469:Los Angeles Times
14959:foodnavigator.com
14382:on 19 August 2013
14194:10.1021/es200130u
14180:(14): 6117–6123.
14052:10.1021/es200130u
14038:(14): 6117–6123,
13925:978-0-8247-7922-1
13741:foodnavigator.com
13722:10.4141/cjas07081
13635:. 29 April 2019.
13553:(12): 2409–2410.
13180:MF Milano Finanza
12900:. 29 March 2023.
12035:(12): 7599–7607.
11001:stemcell.ucla.edu
10687:Gülsöken, Deniz.
10164:Los Angeles Times
10130:seafoodsource.com
10006:. 23 March 2023.
9173:Joint ventrue of
9082:Financial Express
8887:Irish Independent
8819:Undercurrent News
8019:foodnavigator.com
7621:foodnavigator.com
6382:. 5 August 2013.
6356:on 6 January 2010
6144:(Press release).
5483:FoodNavigator-USA
5162:. November 2018.
5077:. 26 April 2021.
4510:10.1002/jsfa.6474
4188:Related processes
4086:" features Phil (
4019:Death Laid an Egg
3872:
3871:
3864:
3562:methane digesters
3436:Meloni government
3159:bacteria such as
2860:
2859:
2811:
2744:
2739:Steakholder Foods
2679:
2593:
2535:
2505:
2424:
2423:
2384:(Feb 2023 claim)
2382:2024: AU & NZ
2308:
2254:(Dec 2019 claim)
2248:(May 2021 claim)
2205:
2198:Steakholder Foods
2148:(May 2020 claim)
2077:
2035:(Oct 2020 claim)
2027:(Aug 2020 claim)
1995:(Feb 2020 claim)
1946:
1803:(Apr 2024 claim)
1547:(Jan 2020 claim)
1521:
1441:(May 2019 claim)
1361:(Dec 2021 claim)
1328:
1178:(Oct 2019 claim)
1141:
1130:(Aug 2021 claim)
921:
920:
913:
763:COVID-19 pandemic
292:Winston Churchill
241:gained traction.
137:
109:
16:(Redirected from
18277:
18260:Meat substitutes
18207:
18206:
18195:
18194:
18183:
18182:
18171:
18170:
18159:
18158:
18157:
18147:
18146:
18145:
18135:
18134:
18123:
18122:
18111:
18110:
18109:
18102:
18082:
18081:
18029:Horizon scanning
17945:Ephemeralization
17905:Vertical farming
17863:
17862:
17845:
17838:
17831:
17822:
17821:
17772:Practical Ethics
17423:Dustin Moskovitz
17413:Holden Karnofsky
17352:Marginal utility
17286:
17279:
17272:
17263:
17262:
17248:
17247:
17238:
17237:
17210:Roadkill cuisine
17005:Meat alternative
17000:Plant-based diet
16918:Meat substitutes
16813:
16812:
15964:
15958:
15878:
15871:
15864:
15855:
15854:
15850:
15826:
15802:
15782:
15762:
15737:
15712:
15687:
15654:
15653:
15643:
15618:: 6.1.1–6.1.35.
15603:
15597:
15596:
15594:
15592:
15578:
15572:
15571:
15569:
15567:
15562:. 16 August 2016
15552:
15546:
15545:
15523:
15517:
15504:
15498:
15497:
15495:
15493:
15479:
15473:
15472:
15460:
15454:
15453:
15441:
15435:
15434:
15422:
15416:
15415:
15403:
15397:
15396:
15394:
15392:
15383:. Archived from
15373:
15367:
15366:
15364:
15362:
15347:
15341:
15340:
15339:
15337:
15332:, Better Off Ted
15323:
15317:
15316:
15312:
15306:
15305:
15303:
15301:
15287:
15281:
15280:
15278:
15276:
15261:
15255:
15254:
15252:
15250:
15236:
15219:
15218:
15216:
15214:
15198:
15192:
15191:
15189:
15187:
15171:
15165:
15164:
15162:
15160:
15146:
15140:
15139:
15137:
15135:
15120:
15114:
15113:
15111:
15109:
15100:. Archived from
15090:
15084:
15083:
15081:
15079:
15064:
15058:
15057:
15029:
15023:
15022:
15020:
15018:
15003:
14997:
14996:
14994:
14992:
14977:
14971:
14970:
14968:
14966:
14950:
14944:
14943:
14941:
14939:
14924:
14918:
14917:
14915:
14913:
14898:
14887:
14886:
14853:(6): 2193–2206.
14842:
14836:
14835:
14828:
14822:
14821:
14819:
14795:
14789:
14788:
14781:
14775:
14774:
14772:
14770:
14755:
14749:
14748:
14746:
14744:
14739:on 5 August 2013
14735:. Archived from
14729:
14723:
14707:
14701:
14690:
14684:
14683:
14681:
14679:
14660:
14654:
14653:
14651:
14649:
14629:
14623:
14622:
14620:
14618:
14598:
14592:
14591:
14589:
14587:
14565:
14559:
14558:
14556:
14554:
14528:
14522:
14521:
14519:
14517:
14497:
14491:
14490:
14488:
14486:
14476:
14465:
14459:
14458:
14456:
14454:
14448:
14437:
14428:
14422:
14421:
14419:
14417:
14401:
14392:
14391:
14389:
14387:
14378:. Archived from
14371:
14365:
14364:
14317:
14311:
14310:
14302:
14293:
14292:
14274:
14265:(Pt 3): 160014.
14249:
14243:
14242:
14240:
14238:
14219:
14213:
14212:
14210:
14208:
14165:
14159:
14146:
14140:
14139:
14138:
14136:
14115:Specter, Michael
14111:
14105:
14092:
14086:
14085:, 23 August 2009
14069:
14063:
14062:
14028:Tuomisto, Hannah
14024:
14018:
14017:
14015:
14013:
13993:
13987:
13986:
13984:
13982:
13966:
13960:
13959:
13957:
13955:
13936:
13930:
13929:
13907:
13901:
13900:
13898:
13896:
13876:
13870:
13869:
13867:
13865:
13856:. 27 June 2015.
13847:
13841:
13840:
13838:
13836:
13816:
13810:
13809:
13807:
13805:
13790:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13779:
13763:
13757:
13756:
13754:
13752:
13733:
13727:
13726:
13724:
13700:
13694:
13693:
13691:
13681:
13655:
13649:
13648:
13646:
13644:
13625:
13619:
13618:
13616:
13614:
13595:
13589:
13588:
13578:
13538:
13532:
13531:
13529:
13527:
13508:
13502:
13501:
13499:
13497:
13477:
13471:
13470:
13452:
13443:(5–6): 659–662.
13432:
13426:
13425:
13423:
13421:
13399:
13393:
13392:
13390:
13388:
13373:
13367:
13366:
13364:
13362:
13341:
13335:
13334:
13332:
13330:
13311:
13305:
13304:
13302:
13300:
13281:
13275:
13274:
13264:
13232:
13226:
13225:
13223:
13221:
13202:
13196:
13195:
13193:
13191:
13172:
13166:
13165:
13163:
13161:
13142:
13136:
13135:
13133:
13131:
13111:
13105:
13104:
13102:
13100:
13081:
13075:
13074:
13072:
13070:
13051:
13045:
13044:
13042:
13040:
13021:
13015:
13014:
13012:
13010:
12990:
12984:
12983:
12981:
12979:
12951:
12945:
12944:
12942:
12940:
12929:The Conversation
12920:
12914:
12913:
12911:
12909:
12890:
12884:
12883:
12881:
12879:
12851:
12845:
12844:
12842:
12840:
12804:
12798:
12797:
12795:
12793:
12773:
12767:
12766:
12764:
12757:
12749:
12743:
12742:
12732:
12714:
12682:
12676:
12675:
12665:
12647:
12623:
12614:
12613:
12611:
12609:
12603:
12564:
12555:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12538:
12499:
12490:
12484:
12483:
12473:
12463:
12437:
12431:
12430:
12428:
12426:
12420:
12412:Labels Unwrapped
12409:
12400:
12391:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12370:
12364:
12363:
12361:
12359:
12353:
12314:
12305:
12299:
12298:
12270:
12261:
12260:
12250:
12232:
12208:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12194:
12188:
12157:
12148:
12139:
12138:
12128:
12104:
12098:
12097:
12077:
12071:
12070:
12060:
12020:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12009:
11990:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11979:
11960:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11949:
11930:
11924:
11923:
11921:
11919:
11900:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11889:
11870:
11864:
11863:
11861:
11859:
11840:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11829:
11818:A Bit of Science
11810:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11776:
11770:
11769:
11767:
11765:
11746:
11740:
11739:
11737:
11735:
11716:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11705:
11686:
11680:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11655:
11636:
11630:
11629:
11619:
11601:
11577:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11566:
11547:
11541:
11540:
11522:
11499:Kaplan, David L.
11494:
11488:
11487:
11485:
11483:
11464:
11458:
11457:
11455:
11453:
11444:. Archived from
11432:
11426:
11425:
11415:
11366:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11352:
11343:. Archived from
11333:
11327:
11326:
11324:
11322:
11282:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11268:
11257:"Cass Materials"
11253:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11239:
11224:"Atlast Food Co"
11220:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11158:
11147:
11146:
11136:
11100:
11089:
11088:
11070:
11046:
11017:
11016:
11014:
11012:
10993:
10984:
10983:
10981:
10979:
10960:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10946:
10926:
10920:
10919:
10917:
10915:
10895:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10864:
10853:
10852:
10850:
10848:
10828:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10817:
10797:
10778:
10777:
10775:
10773:
10753:
10740:
10739:
10737:
10735:
10715:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10704:
10684:
10678:
10677:
10675:
10673:
10653:
10644:
10643:
10641:
10639:
10619:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10608:
10589:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10578:
10558:
10552:
10551:
10549:
10547:
10538:. Archived from
10527:
10518:
10517:
10515:
10513:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10482:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10451:
10449:
10429:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10402:LabX Media Group
10389:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10371:
10351:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10340:
10318:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10304:
10295:. 19 July 2016.
10285:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10274:
10255:
10246:
10245:
10243:
10241:
10221:
10215:
10214:
10212:
10210:
10190:
10184:
10183:
10177:
10175:
10155:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10141:
10122:
10116:
10115:
10113:
10111:
10091:
10082:
10081:
10079:
10077:
10057:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10035:Business Insider
10026:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10015:
9996:
9987:
9986:
9984:
9982:
9973:. 30 July 2020.
9963:
9957:
9956:
9954:
9952:
9943:. 28 June 2022.
9933:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9903:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9872:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9861:
9840:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9829:
9809:
9803:
9802:
9800:
9798:
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9765:
9756:. 23 July 2020.
9746:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9708:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9697:
9677:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9663:
9652:Algemeen Dagblad
9643:
9634:
9633:
9631:
9629:
9609:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9545:
9539:
9538:
9536:
9534:
9518:
9512:
9511:
9509:
9507:
9496:Yahoo Finance UK
9487:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9476:
9456:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9408:
9406:
9387:
9381:
9380:
9378:
9376:
9356:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9330:
9311:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9275:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9264:
9245:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9234:
9214:
9208:
9207:
9205:
9203:
9192:Luzerner Zeitung
9171:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9153:
9134:
9128:
9127:
9125:
9123:
9104:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9093:
9073:
9062:
9061:
9059:
9057:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9026:
9006:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8965:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8934:
8932:
8912:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8898:
8878:
8872:
8871:
8869:
8867:
8848:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8830:
8811:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8800:
8781:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8770:
8751:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8740:
8721:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8710:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8682:
8680:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8596:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8560:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8509:. Archived from
8499:
8493:
8492:
8490:
8488:
8461:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8431:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8401:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8390:
8370:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8359:
8350:. 28 July 2020.
8340:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8218:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8182:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8171:
8152:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8110:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8010:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7988:
7968:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7926:
7906:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7872:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7838:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7807:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7765:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7727:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7677:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7643:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7612:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7572:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7506:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7444:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7408:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7368:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7332:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7303:. 25 June 2020.
7293:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7263:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7198:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7139:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7022:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7011:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6973:Business Insider
6964:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6824:on 9 August 2016
6820:. Archived from
6809:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6789:. 12 July 2016.
6779:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6720:Kooser, Amanda.
6717:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6686:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6655:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6470:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6349:The Sunday Times
6339:
6333:
6332:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6295:. Archived from
6282:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6259:. Archived from
6243:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6173:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6116:Cabinet Magazine
6107:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6035:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5991:Futurist Speaker
5982:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5920:
5914:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5625:
5615:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5541:
5531:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5474:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5348:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5233:. Archived from
5222:
5213:
5212:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5152:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4897:
4887:
4872:Animal Frontiers
4863:
4857:
4856:
4846:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4730:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4552:
4543:(5–6): 659–662.
4528:
4522:
4521:
4504:(6): 1039–1041.
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4392:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4342:
4323:
4322:
4294:
4228:calcium chloride
3867:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3847:
3824:
3816:
3682:Environmentalist
3647:Julian Savulescu
3509:vertical farming
3388:Research support
2819:4 November 2021
2809:
2742:
2673:
2591:
2529:
2503:
2453:
2452:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2336:4 November 2021
2321:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2295:(May 2020 claim)
2274:
2272:
2271:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2201:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2075:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2000:Motif FoodWorks
1959:
1957:
1956:
1940:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1322:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1098:Because Animals
1077:
1075:
1074:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1012:
1010:
1009:
976:
974:
973:
945:Proof of concept
926:
925:
916:
909:
905:
902:
896:
873:
865:
712:
635:. In late 2020,
484:
411:Dutch government
398:on the subject.
346:
345:
341:
307:Second World War
299:Willem van Eelen
282:Initial research
207:, cultural, and
138:
110:
43:, also known as
21:
18285:
18284:
18280:
18279:
18278:
18276:
18275:
18274:
18215:
18214:
18213:
18201:
18189:
18177:
18165:
18155:
18153:
18143:
18141:
18129:
18117:
18107:
18105:
18097:
18095:
18090:
18070:
17909:
17854:
17849:
17819:
17814:
17798:
17717:
17683:Land use reform
17626:
17542:Founders Pledge
17517:Evidence Action
17457:
17381:
17337:Earning to give
17295:
17290:
17260:
17255:
17240:Food portal
17232:
17224:
17146:Case-ready meat
17128:
17122:
17096:Factory farming
17057:
17014:
16966:
16932:
16922:
16891:
16804:
16561:
16555:
16480:
16385:
16376:
16198:
16078:
16049:Lamb and mutton
15965:
15959:
15950:
15887:
15882:
15847:
15829:
15823:
15805:
15799:
15785:
15779:
15765:
15759:
15734:
15709:
15684:
15662:
15660:Further reading
15657:
15604:
15600:
15590:
15588:
15580:
15579:
15575:
15565:
15563:
15554:
15553:
15549:
15524:
15520:
15516:, May 15, 2020.
15505:
15501:
15491:
15489:
15481:
15480:
15476:
15461:
15457:
15442:
15438:
15423:
15419:
15404:
15400:
15390:
15388:
15375:
15374:
15370:
15360:
15358:
15357:on 9 March 2016
15349:
15348:
15344:
15335:
15333:
15324:
15320:
15314:
15313:
15309:
15299:
15297:
15289:
15288:
15284:
15274:
15272:
15262:
15258:
15248:
15246:
15238:
15237:
15222:
15212:
15210:
15200:
15199:
15195:
15185:
15183:
15173:
15172:
15168:
15158:
15156:
15148:
15147:
15143:
15133:
15131:
15121:
15117:
15107:
15105:
15092:
15091:
15087:
15077:
15075:
15074:. 19 March 2019
15066:
15065:
15061:
15030:
15026:
15016:
15014:
15005:
15004:
15000:
14990:
14988:
14978:
14974:
14964:
14962:
14951:
14947:
14937:
14935:
14925:
14921:
14911:
14909:
14908:. 9 August 2013
14900:
14899:
14890:
14843:
14839:
14834:. 27 July 2023.
14830:
14829:
14825:
14796:
14792:
14783:
14782:
14778:
14768:
14766:
14765:. 16 April 2018
14757:
14756:
14752:
14742:
14740:
14731:
14730:
14726:
14720:Wayback Machine
14708:
14704:
14691:
14687:
14677:
14675:
14662:
14661:
14657:
14647:
14645:
14638:The Daily Beast
14630:
14626:
14616:
14614:
14599:
14595:
14585:
14583:
14566:
14562:
14552:
14550:
14529:
14525:
14515:
14513:
14498:
14494:
14484:
14482:
14474:
14466:
14462:
14452:
14450:
14446:
14435:
14429:
14425:
14415:
14413:
14402:
14395:
14385:
14383:
14372:
14368:
14318:
14314:
14303:
14296:
14250:
14246:
14236:
14234:
14221:
14220:
14216:
14206:
14204:
14166:
14162:
14156:Wayback Machine
14147:
14143:
14134:
14132:
14117:(23 May 2011),
14112:
14108:
14102:Wayback Machine
14093:
14089:
14079:Wayback Machine
14070:
14066:
14025:
14021:
14011:
14009:
13994:
13990:
13980:
13978:
13967:
13963:
13953:
13951:
13938:
13937:
13933:
13926:
13918:. p. 236.
13908:
13904:
13894:
13892:
13877:
13873:
13863:
13861:
13849:
13848:
13844:
13834:
13832:
13817:
13813:
13803:
13801:
13792:
13791:
13787:
13777:
13775:
13764:
13760:
13750:
13748:
13735:
13734:
13730:
13701:
13697:
13656:
13652:
13642:
13640:
13627:
13626:
13622:
13612:
13610:
13597:
13596:
13592:
13539:
13535:
13525:
13523:
13510:
13509:
13505:
13495:
13493:
13478:
13474:
13433:
13429:
13419:
13417:
13400:
13396:
13386:
13384:
13374:
13370:
13360:
13358:
13342:
13338:
13328:
13326:
13313:
13312:
13308:
13298:
13296:
13283:
13282:
13278:
13233:
13229:
13219:
13217:
13204:
13203:
13199:
13189:
13187:
13174:
13173:
13169:
13159:
13157:
13144:
13143:
13139:
13129:
13127:
13112:
13108:
13098:
13096:
13083:
13082:
13078:
13068:
13066:
13053:
13052:
13048:
13038:
13036:
13023:
13022:
13018:
13008:
13006:
12991:
12987:
12977:
12975:
12952:
12948:
12938:
12936:
12921:
12917:
12907:
12905:
12892:
12891:
12887:
12877:
12875:
12852:
12848:
12838:
12836:
12805:
12801:
12791:
12789:
12774:
12770:
12762:
12755:
12751:
12750:
12746:
12697:(8): e0221129.
12683:
12679:
12624:
12617:
12607:
12605:
12601:
12562:
12556:
12552:
12542:
12540:
12536:
12497:
12491:
12487:
12438:
12434:
12424:
12422:
12418:
12407:
12401:
12394:
12385:
12383:
12378:, 26 May 2021,
12372:
12371:
12367:
12357:
12355:
12351:
12312:
12306:
12302:
12271:
12264:
12209:
12202:
12192:
12190:
12186:
12155:
12149:
12142:
12105:
12101:
12088:(11): 791–792.
12078:
12074:
12021:
12017:
12007:
12005:
11992:
11991:
11987:
11977:
11975:
11962:
11961:
11957:
11947:
11945:
11932:
11931:
11927:
11917:
11915:
11902:
11901:
11897:
11887:
11885:
11878:Iceland Monitor
11872:
11871:
11867:
11857:
11855:
11842:
11841:
11837:
11827:
11825:
11812:
11811:
11804:
11794:
11792:
11777:
11773:
11763:
11761:
11748:
11747:
11743:
11733:
11731:
11718:
11717:
11713:
11703:
11701:
11688:
11687:
11683:
11677:Wayback Machine
11667:
11663:
11653:
11651:
11638:
11637:
11633:
11578:
11574:
11564:
11562:
11549:
11548:
11544:
11495:
11491:
11481:
11479:
11466:
11465:
11461:
11451:
11449:
11434:
11433:
11429:
11367:
11360:
11350:
11348:
11335:
11334:
11330:
11320:
11318:
11283:
11276:
11266:
11264:
11255:
11254:
11247:
11237:
11235:
11222:
11221:
11214:
11204:
11202:
11159:
11150:
11101:
11092:
11047:
11020:
11010:
11008:
10995:
10994:
10987:
10977:
10975:
10962:
10961:
10954:
10944:
10942:
10927:
10923:
10913:
10911:
10896:
10892:
10882:
10880:
10865:
10856:
10846:
10844:
10829:
10825:
10815:
10813:
10798:
10781:
10771:
10769:
10754:
10743:
10733:
10731:
10716:
10712:
10702:
10700:
10685:
10681:
10671:
10669:
10654:
10647:
10637:
10635:
10620:
10616:
10606:
10604:
10591:
10590:
10586:
10576:
10574:
10559:
10555:
10545:
10543:
10528:
10521:
10511:
10509:
10494:
10490:
10480:
10478:
10461:
10457:
10447:
10445:
10430:
10421:
10411:
10409:
10390:
10379:
10369:
10367:
10352:
10348:
10338:
10336:
10319:
10312:
10302:
10300:
10287:
10286:
10282:
10272:
10270:
10269:on 5 April 2023
10257:
10256:
10249:
10239:
10237:
10222:
10218:
10208:
10206:
10191:
10187:
10173:
10171:
10156:
10149:
10139:
10137:
10124:
10123:
10119:
10109:
10107:
10092:
10085:
10075:
10073:
10058:
10054:
10044:
10042:
10027:
10023:
10013:
10011:
9998:
9997:
9990:
9980:
9978:
9965:
9964:
9960:
9950:
9948:
9935:
9934:
9930:
9920:
9918:
9905:
9904:
9900:
9890:
9888:
9873:
9869:
9859:
9857:
9842:
9841:
9837:
9827:
9825:
9810:
9806:
9796:
9794:
9786:NRC Handelsblad
9777:
9773:
9763:
9761:
9748:
9747:
9738:
9728:
9726:
9709:
9705:
9695:
9693:
9678:
9671:
9661:
9659:
9644:
9637:
9627:
9625:
9610:
9603:
9593:
9591:
9578:
9577:
9573:
9563:
9561:
9546:
9542:
9532:
9530:
9519:
9515:
9505:
9503:
9488:
9484:
9474:
9472:
9457:
9453:
9443:
9441:
9418:
9414:
9404:
9402:
9388:
9384:
9374:
9372:
9357:
9338:
9328:
9326:
9313:
9312:
9305:
9295:
9293:
9276:
9272:
9262:
9260:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9232:
9230:
9215:
9211:
9201:
9199:
9186:
9172:
9161:
9151:
9149:
9136:
9135:
9131:
9121:
9119:
9106:
9105:
9101:
9091:
9089:
9074:
9065:
9055:
9053:
9038:
9034:
9024:
9022:
9007:
9003:
8993:
8991:
8978:
8977:
8973:
8963:
8961:
8948:
8947:
8943:
8930:
8928:
8913:
8906:
8896:
8894:
8879:
8875:
8865:
8863:
8850:
8849:
8838:
8828:
8826:
8813:
8812:
8808:
8798:
8796:
8783:
8782:
8778:
8768:
8766:
8753:
8752:
8748:
8738:
8736:
8723:
8722:
8718:
8708:
8706:
8693:
8692:
8688:
8678:
8676:
8661:
8657:
8647:
8645:
8628:
8624:
8614:
8612:
8597:
8590:
8580:
8578:
8561:
8557:
8547:
8545:
8530:
8526:
8516:
8514:
8507:Because Animals
8501:
8500:
8496:
8486:
8484:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8448:
8446:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8418:
8416:
8403:
8402:
8398:
8388:
8386:
8371:
8367:
8357:
8355:
8342:
8341:
8337:
8327:
8325:
8310:
8306:
8296:
8294:
8279:
8275:
8265:
8263:
8250:
8249:
8245:
8235:
8233:
8220:
8219:
8210:
8200:
8198:
8183:
8179:
8169:
8167:
8162:. 10 May 2020.
8154:
8153:
8138:
8128:
8126:
8111:
8100:
8090:
8088:
8073:
8072:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8042:
8038:
8028:
8026:
8011:
7996:
7986:
7984:
7969:
7965:
7955:
7953:
7938:
7934:
7924:
7922:
7907:
7900:
7890:
7888:
7873:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7839:
7835:
7825:
7823:
7816:Times of Israel
7808:
7793:
7783:
7781:
7766:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7728:
7705:
7695:
7693:
7678:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7644:
7640:
7630:
7628:
7613:
7600:
7590:
7588:
7573:
7564:
7554:
7552:
7537:
7533:
7523:
7521:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7493:
7491:
7476:
7475:
7471:
7461:
7459:
7446:
7445:
7438:
7428:
7426:
7409:
7398:
7388:
7386:
7369:
7360:
7350:
7348:
7333:
7320:
7310:
7308:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7280:
7278:
7273:. 20 May 2020.
7265:
7264:
7257:
7247:
7245:
7230:
7226:
7216:
7214:
7199:
7190:
7180:
7178:
7171:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7140:
7136:
7126:
7124:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7064:
7049:
7045:
7035:
7033:
7023:
7019:
7009:
7007:
6996:
6992:
6982:
6980:
6965:
6961:
6951:
6949:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6918:
6903:
6899:
6889:
6887:
6872:
6868:
6858:
6856:
6841:
6837:
6827:
6825:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6794:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6766:
6764:
6749:
6745:
6735:
6733:
6718:
6714:
6704:
6702:
6687:
6683:
6673:
6671:
6656:
6652:
6642:
6640:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6568:
6564:
6554:
6552:
6547:. 12 May 2021.
6539:
6538:
6534:
6501:
6497:
6487:
6485:
6472:
6471:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6437:
6430:
6420:
6418:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6359:
6357:
6340:
6336:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6283:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6244:
6237:
6227:
6225:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6198:
6196:
6179:(20 May 2008),
6174:
6165:
6155:
6153:
6152:on 25 July 2005
6140:
6139:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6108:
6104:
6094:
6092:
6077:
6073:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6014:
6010:
6000:
5998:
5983:
5979:
5969:
5967:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5936:
5921:
5917:
5908:Wayback Machine
5899:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5868:
5864:
5854:
5852:
5837:
5833:
5823:
5821:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5763:
5761:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5711:
5709:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5681:
5679:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5655:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5590:
5586:
5576:
5574:
5559:
5555:
5506:
5502:
5492:
5490:
5475:
5468:
5458:
5456:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5397:
5395:
5380:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5357:Times Of Israel
5349:
5342:
5332:
5330:
5315:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5227:"Cultured Meat"
5223:
5216:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5154:
5153:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5030:
5023:National Review
5015:
5011:
5001:
4999:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4953:
4949:
4915:
4911:
4864:
4860:
4805:
4801:
4748:
4744:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4644:
4640:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4594:"Future Fillet"
4590:
4586:
4576:
4574:
4529:
4525:
4494:
4490:
4459:
4455:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4393:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4343:
4326:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4254:
4221:organisms than
4215:recombinant DNA
4195:
4190:
4163:Meat the Future
4145:critical design
4092:Malcolm Barrett
4088:Jonathan Slavin
4025:'s 1976 comedy
4000:(1986–2018) by
3998:Vorkosigan Saga
3954:Margaret Atwood
3876:science fiction
3868:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3837:
3825:
3814:
3801:
3784:
3762:
3757:
3744:
3735:
3727:Hindu Mahasabha
3691:
3643:
3611:
3586:poultry farming
3575:
3552:
3546:
3517:
3483:growth hormones
3479:
3474:
3428:
3406:
3390:
3369:
3329:
3324:
3294:
3263:
3255:electrospinning
3245:
3230:
3219:
3191:
3126:
3061:
3052:
3039:
3031:Young's modulus
3026:
3017:
3008:
3006:Vascularization
2999:
2962:
2937:
2878:
2865:
2851:
2823:
2810:(Memphis Meats)
2808:
2741:
2728:
2697:
2686:
2672:
2592:(Hampton Creek)
2590:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2528:
2502:
2448:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2354:
2352:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2269:
2267:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2200:
2183:
2175:
2161:
2159:
2125:
2123:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2048:
2046:
2008:
2006:
1972:
1954:
1952:
1939:
1912:
1910:
1878:
1876:
1842:
1840:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1772:
1770:
1735:
1733:
1695:
1693:
1661:
1659:
1628:
1626:
1585:
1583:
1569:
1560:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1487:
1485:
1454:
1452:
1413:
1411:
1392:
1374:
1372:
1336:
1334:
1321:
1293:
1291:
1258:
1256:
1226:
1224:
1193:
1191:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1106:
1104:
1072:
1070:
1039:
1037:
1007:
1005:
999:Appleton Meats
971:
969:
917:
906:
900:
897:
886:
874:
863:
857:
833:
787:
785:Singapore entry
751:
719:
714:
710:
686:
633:Port of Antwerp
568:, Mirai Foods,
538:umbilical cords
503:In March 2018,
486:
482:
462:
433:
417:in April 2008.
343:
337:
336:secured patent
317:cultivation of
303:prisoner of war
284:
279:
271:cultivated meat
266:cultivated meat
259:cell-based meat
231:artificial meat
222:
127:
100:
45:cultivated meat
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18283:
18273:
18272:
18267:
18262:
18257:
18252:
18247:
18242:
18237:
18232:
18230:Animal welfare
18227:
18212:
18211:
18199:
18187:
18175:
18163:
18151:
18149:Climate change
18139:
18127:
18115:
18092:
18091:
18089:
18088:
18075:
18072:
18071:
18069:
18068:
18063:
18058:
18053:
18048:
18047:
18046:
18041:
18036:
18031:
18026:
18021:
18011:
18006:
18001:
17996:
17995:
17994:
17984:
17979:
17974:
17973:
17972:
17967:
17962:
17957:
17947:
17942:
17937:
17932:
17927:
17921:
17919:
17915:
17914:
17911:
17910:
17908:
17907:
17902:
17897:
17892:
17887:
17882:
17877:
17871:
17869:
17860:
17856:
17855:
17848:
17847:
17840:
17833:
17825:
17816:
17815:
17813:
17812:
17806:
17804:
17800:
17799:
17797:
17796:
17789:
17782:
17775:
17768:
17761:
17754:
17747:
17740:
17733:
17725:
17723:
17719:
17718:
17716:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17698:Mass deworming
17695:
17690:
17688:Life extension
17685:
17680:
17675:
17673:Global poverty
17670:
17665:
17660:
17655:
17650:
17645:
17643:Climate change
17640:
17634:
17632:
17628:
17627:
17625:
17624:
17619:
17617:Unlimit Health
17614:
17609:
17604:
17599:
17594:
17589:
17584:
17579:
17574:
17569:
17564:
17562:Good Food Fund
17559:
17554:
17549:
17544:
17539:
17534:
17529:
17524:
17519:
17514:
17509:
17504:
17499:
17494:
17489:
17484:
17479:
17476:
17471:
17465:
17463:
17459:
17458:
17456:
17455:
17450:
17445:
17440:
17435:
17430:
17425:
17420:
17415:
17410:
17408:Hilary Greaves
17405:
17400:
17395:
17389:
17387:
17383:
17382:
17380:
17379:
17374:
17372:Utilitarianism
17369:
17364:
17359:
17354:
17349:
17344:
17339:
17334:
17329:
17327:Disease burden
17324:
17319:
17314:
17309:
17303:
17301:
17297:
17296:
17289:
17288:
17281:
17274:
17266:
17257:
17256:
17254:
17253:
17251:Category: Meat
17242:
17229:
17226:
17225:
17223:
17222:
17217:
17212:
17207:
17202:
17197:
17192:
17187:
17182:
17177:
17176:
17175:
17165:
17160:
17155:
17154:
17153:
17143:
17138:
17132:
17130:
17124:
17123:
17121:
17120:
17119:
17118:
17116:Slaughterhouse
17108:
17103:
17098:
17093:
17088:
17083:
17078:
17073:
17067:
17065:
17059:
17058:
17056:
17055:
17050:
17045:
17040:
17035:
17030:
17024:
17022:
17016:
17015:
17013:
17012:
17007:
17002:
16997:
16996:
16995:
16993:Pollotarianism
16990:
16988:Pescetarianism
16980:
16974:
16972:
16968:
16967:
16965:
16964:
16963:
16962:
16952:
16947:
16942:
16936:
16934:
16928:
16927:
16924:
16923:
16921:
16920:
16915:
16910:
16905:
16899:
16897:
16893:
16892:
16890:
16889:
16884:
16879:
16874:
16869:
16864:
16859:
16858:
16857:
16847:
16842:
16837:
16832:
16827:
16821:
16819:
16810:
16806:
16805:
16803:
16802:
16797:
16792:
16787:
16782:
16777:
16772:
16767:
16762:
16757:
16752:
16747:
16742:
16737:
16732:
16727:
16722:
16717:
16712:
16707:
16702:
16697:
16692:
16687:
16682:
16677:
16672:
16667:
16666:
16665:
16660:
16650:
16641:
16636:
16631:
16626:
16621:
16616:
16611:
16606:
16601:
16596:
16591:
16586:
16581:
16576:
16571:
16565:
16563:
16557:
16556:
16554:
16553:
16548:
16543:
16538:
16533:
16528:
16518:
16517:
16516:
16506:
16501:
16496:
16490:
16488:
16482:
16481:
16479:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16463:
16458:
16453:
16448:
16443:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16413:
16408:
16403:
16398:
16392:
16390:
16378:
16377:
16375:
16374:
16369:
16364:
16359:
16354:
16349:
16344:
16339:
16334:
16329:
16324:
16319:
16314:
16309:
16304:
16299:
16294:
16289:
16284:
16279:
16274:
16269:
16264:
16259:
16254:
16249:
16244:
16239:
16234:
16229:
16224:
16219:
16214:
16208:
16206:
16200:
16199:
16197:
16196:
16195:
16194:
16184:
16179:
16174:
16169:
16164:
16159:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16119:
16114:
16109:
16104:
16099:
16094:
16088:
16086:
16080:
16079:
16077:
16076:
16071:
16066:
16061:
16056:
16051:
16046:
16041:
16036:
16031:
16026:
16021:
16016:
16011:
16006:
16001:
15996:
15991:
15986:
15981:
15975:
15973:
15967:
15966:
15953:
15951:
15949:
15948:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15928:
15923:
15918:
15913:
15908:
15903:
15897:
15895:
15889:
15888:
15881:
15880:
15873:
15866:
15858:
15852:
15851:
15845:
15827:
15821:
15813:Academic Press
15803:
15797:
15783:
15777:
15763:
15757:
15738:
15732:
15713:
15707:
15688:
15682:
15661:
15658:
15656:
15655:
15598:
15573:
15547:
15518:
15499:
15474:
15455:
15436:
15417:
15398:
15368:
15342:
15318:
15307:
15282:
15256:
15220:
15207:Protein Report
15193:
15166:
15141:
15115:
15085:
15059:
15024:
15013:. 16 June 2021
14998:
14972:
14945:
14919:
14888:
14837:
14823:
14790:
14776:
14750:
14724:
14702:
14685:
14655:
14624:
14593:
14560:
14523:
14492:
14460:
14423:
14393:
14366:
14312:
14294:
14244:
14214:
14160:
14158:, 21 June 2011
14141:
14124:The New Yorker
14106:
14087:
14064:
14019:
13988:
13961:
13931:
13924:
13902:
13871:
13842:
13811:
13785:
13774:on 1 July 2009
13758:
13728:
13715:(2): 257–269.
13695:
13650:
13620:
13590:
13533:
13503:
13472:
13450:10.1.1.179.588
13427:
13394:
13368:
13336:
13306:
13276:
13227:
13197:
13167:
13137:
13106:
13076:
13046:
13016:
12985:
12946:
12915:
12885:
12846:
12799:
12768:
12744:
12677:
12615:
12550:
12485:
12432:
12392:
12365:
12300:
12262:
12200:
12140:
12099:
12072:
12015:
11985:
11955:
11925:
11895:
11865:
11835:
11802:
11771:
11741:
11711:
11681:
11661:
11631:
11572:
11542:
11489:
11459:
11427:
11358:
11337:"Matrix Meats"
11328:
11297:(1): 1600365.
11274:
11245:
11228:Atlast Food Co
11212:
11173:(4): 210–220.
11148:
11090:
11018:
10985:
10952:
10921:
10904:Food Navigator
10890:
10854:
10823:
10779:
10741:
10710:
10679:
10645:
10614:
10584:
10553:
10519:
10488:
10455:
10419:
10377:
10346:
10310:
10280:
10247:
10216:
10185:
10147:
10117:
10083:
10052:
10021:
9988:
9958:
9928:
9898:
9867:
9849:Business Daily
9835:
9804:
9771:
9736:
9703:
9669:
9635:
9618:Food Navigator
9601:
9571:
9540:
9513:
9482:
9451:
9412:
9382:
9336:
9303:
9270:
9240:
9209:
9159:
9129:
9114:. 6 May 2019.
9099:
9063:
9032:
9001:
8971:
8941:
8904:
8873:
8836:
8806:
8776:
8746:
8716:
8686:
8655:
8622:
8588:
8555:
8524:
8513:on 19 May 2021
8494:
8456:
8426:
8396:
8365:
8335:
8304:
8273:
8243:
8208:
8177:
8136:
8098:
8066:
8036:
7994:
7963:
7932:
7898:
7864:
7833:
7791:
7753:
7703:
7669:
7638:
7598:
7581:Food Navigator
7562:
7531:
7501:
7486:(in Italian).
7469:
7436:
7396:
7358:
7318:
7288:
7255:
7224:
7188:
7165:
7134:
7104:
7074:
7043:
7017:
7002:. TechCrunch.
6990:
6959:
6928:
6897:
6866:
6835:
6804:
6774:
6757:Digital Trends
6743:
6712:
6681:
6650:
6619:
6593:
6562:
6532:
6513:(6): 573–577.
6495:
6462:
6428:
6397:
6367:
6334:
6310:
6274:
6256:The Australian
6247:Macintyre, Ben
6235:
6205:
6177:Levine, Ketzel
6163:
6133:
6102:
6071:
6050:(2): 222–233.
6027:
6008:
5977:
5960:The New Yorker
5946:
5915:
5893:
5862:
5831:
5801:
5771:
5745:
5719:
5689:
5663:
5637:
5584:
5553:
5500:
5466:
5435:
5405:
5374:
5340:
5309:
5278:
5248:
5214:
5195:(2): 387–411.
5177:
5160:futurefood.org
5144:
5129:. 5 May 2019.
5118:
5092:
5066:
5040:
5009:
4978:
4947:
4909:
4858:
4799:
4762:(3): 355–372.
4742:
4705:(8): skaa172.
4683:
4660:(7): 403–415.
4638:
4611:
4584:
4550:10.1.1.179.588
4523:
4488:
4453:
4420:
4380:
4324:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4279:Tissue culture
4276:
4271:
4265:
4260:
4253:
4250:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4169:Cyberpunk 2077
4079:Better Off Ted
4068:and later use
4011:'s 1968 drama
3979:Ware Tetralogy
3974:Charles Stross
3964:Jeffrey Thomas
3949:Oryx and Crake
3944:William Gibson
3910:C.M. Kornbluth
3870:
3869:
3828:
3826:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3800:
3797:
3783:
3780:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3743:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3690:
3687:
3652:Animal welfare
3642:
3639:
3613:Techniques of
3610:
3607:
3573:
3545:
3542:
3516:
3513:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3459:(FDA) and the
3427:
3424:
3405:
3402:
3389:
3386:
3368:
3365:
3328:
3327:Growth factors
3325:
3323:
3320:
3293:
3290:
3286:3D bioprinting
3262:
3259:
3244:
3241:
3229:
3226:
3218:
3215:
3190:
3187:
3125:
3122:
3084:covalent bonds
3060:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3038:
3035:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2961:
2958:
2936:
2933:
2877:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2845:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:November 2020
2795:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2745:
2735:
2734:
2725:
2719:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2680:
2663:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2554:
2547:
2536:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2506:
2500:Believer Meats
2496:
2495:
2485:
2482:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2395:
2392:
2390:Wildtype Foods
2386:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2312:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2289:November 2020
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2209:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2170:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Culture media
2057:
2055:United Kingdom
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1950:
1947:
1941:(emerged from
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1908:
1905:
1904:Mission Barns
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:Czech Republic
1838:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:United Kingdom
1657:
1654:
1653:Higher Steaks
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1563:hawker centres
1557:
1551:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1525:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1332:
1329:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1237:Culture media
1235:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:Czech Republic
1189:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1145:
1142:
1136:Believer Meats
1132:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1035:
1032:
1031:Artemys Foods
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
967:
964:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
919:
918:
877:
875:
868:
856:
853:
832:
829:
812:hawker centres
786:
783:
750:
747:
723:European Union
718:
715:
692:Silicon Valley
687:
685:
682:
666:Believer Meats
474:
461:
458:
432:
429:
283:
280:
278:
275:
221:
218:
87:animal welfare
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18282:
18271:
18268:
18266:
18263:
18261:
18258:
18256:
18253:
18251:
18250:Food politics
18248:
18246:
18243:
18241:
18238:
18236:
18235:Biotechnology
18233:
18231:
18228:
18226:
18225:Animal rights
18223:
18222:
18220:
18210:
18205:
18200:
18198:
18193:
18188:
18186:
18181:
18176:
18174:
18169:
18164:
18162:
18152:
18150:
18140:
18138:
18133:
18128:
18126:
18121:
18116:
18114:
18104:
18103:
18100:
18087:
18086:
18077:
18076:
18073:
18067:
18066:Transhumanism
18064:
18062:
18059:
18057:
18054:
18052:
18049:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18037:
18035:
18032:
18030:
18027:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18017:
18016:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
18000:
17997:
17993:
17990:
17989:
17988:
17985:
17983:
17980:
17978:
17975:
17971:
17968:
17966:
17963:
17961:
17958:
17956:
17953:
17952:
17951:
17948:
17946:
17943:
17941:
17938:
17936:
17933:
17931:
17928:
17926:
17923:
17922:
17920:
17916:
17906:
17903:
17901:
17898:
17896:
17893:
17891:
17890:Cultured meat
17888:
17886:
17883:
17881:
17878:
17876:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17868:
17864:
17861:
17857:
17853:
17846:
17841:
17839:
17834:
17832:
17827:
17826:
17823:
17811:
17808:
17807:
17805:
17801:
17795:
17794:
17790:
17788:
17787:
17783:
17781:
17780:
17779:The Precipice
17776:
17774:
17773:
17769:
17767:
17766:
17762:
17760:
17759:
17755:
17753:
17752:
17748:
17746:
17745:
17741:
17739:
17738:
17734:
17732:
17731:
17727:
17726:
17724:
17720:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17694:
17691:
17689:
17686:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17669:
17668:Global health
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17654:
17651:
17649:
17648:Cultured meat
17646:
17644:
17641:
17639:
17636:
17635:
17633:
17629:
17623:
17620:
17618:
17615:
17613:
17610:
17608:
17605:
17603:
17600:
17598:
17595:
17593:
17590:
17588:
17585:
17583:
17580:
17578:
17575:
17573:
17572:Good Ventures
17570:
17568:
17565:
17563:
17560:
17558:
17555:
17553:
17550:
17548:
17545:
17543:
17540:
17538:
17535:
17533:
17530:
17528:
17525:
17523:
17520:
17518:
17515:
17513:
17510:
17508:
17505:
17503:
17500:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17487:Animal Ethics
17485:
17483:
17480:
17477:
17475:
17472:
17470:
17467:
17466:
17464:
17462:Organizations
17460:
17454:
17451:
17449:
17446:
17444:
17441:
17439:
17436:
17434:
17431:
17429:
17426:
17424:
17421:
17419:
17416:
17414:
17411:
17409:
17406:
17404:
17401:
17399:
17396:
17394:
17391:
17390:
17388:
17384:
17378:
17375:
17373:
17370:
17368:
17365:
17363:
17360:
17358:
17355:
17353:
17350:
17348:
17345:
17343:
17340:
17338:
17335:
17333:
17330:
17328:
17325:
17323:
17320:
17318:
17315:
17313:
17310:
17308:
17305:
17304:
17302:
17298:
17294:
17287:
17282:
17280:
17275:
17273:
17268:
17267:
17264:
17252:
17243:
17241:
17236:
17231:
17230:
17227:
17221:
17218:
17216:
17213:
17211:
17208:
17206:
17203:
17201:
17198:
17196:
17193:
17191:
17188:
17186:
17183:
17181:
17178:
17174:
17171:
17170:
17169:
17166:
17164:
17161:
17159:
17158:Cultured meat
17156:
17152:
17149:
17148:
17147:
17144:
17142:
17139:
17137:
17134:
17133:
17131:
17125:
17117:
17114:
17113:
17112:
17109:
17107:
17104:
17102:
17099:
17097:
17094:
17092:
17089:
17087:
17084:
17082:
17079:
17077:
17074:
17072:
17069:
17068:
17066:
17064:
17063:Meat industry
17060:
17054:
17051:
17049:
17046:
17044:
17041:
17039:
17036:
17034:
17031:
17029:
17026:
17025:
17023:
17021:
17017:
17011:
17008:
17006:
17003:
17001:
16998:
16994:
16991:
16989:
16986:
16985:
16984:
16981:
16979:
16978:Vegetarianism
16976:
16975:
16973:
16969:
16961:
16958:
16957:
16956:
16953:
16951:
16950:Animal rights
16948:
16946:
16943:
16941:
16938:
16937:
16935:
16929:
16919:
16916:
16914:
16911:
16909:
16906:
16904:
16901:
16900:
16898:
16894:
16888:
16885:
16883:
16880:
16878:
16875:
16873:
16870:
16868:
16865:
16863:
16860:
16856:
16853:
16852:
16851:
16848:
16846:
16843:
16841:
16838:
16836:
16833:
16831:
16828:
16826:
16823:
16822:
16820:
16818:
16814:
16811:
16809:List articles
16807:
16801:
16798:
16796:
16793:
16791:
16788:
16786:
16783:
16781:
16778:
16776:
16773:
16771:
16768:
16766:
16763:
16761:
16758:
16756:
16753:
16751:
16748:
16746:
16743:
16741:
16738:
16736:
16733:
16731:
16728:
16726:
16723:
16721:
16718:
16716:
16713:
16711:
16710:Luncheon meat
16708:
16706:
16703:
16701:
16698:
16696:
16693:
16691:
16688:
16686:
16683:
16681:
16678:
16676:
16673:
16671:
16668:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16655:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16645:
16642:
16640:
16637:
16635:
16632:
16630:
16627:
16625:
16622:
16620:
16617:
16615:
16612:
16610:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16595:
16592:
16590:
16587:
16585:
16582:
16580:
16577:
16575:
16572:
16570:
16567:
16566:
16564:
16558:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16542:
16539:
16537:
16534:
16532:
16529:
16526:
16522:
16519:
16515:
16512:
16511:
16510:
16507:
16505:
16502:
16500:
16497:
16495:
16492:
16491:
16489:
16487:
16483:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16467:
16464:
16462:
16459:
16457:
16454:
16452:
16449:
16447:
16444:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16414:
16412:
16409:
16407:
16404:
16402:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16393:
16391:
16389:
16383:
16379:
16373:
16370:
16368:
16365:
16363:
16360:
16358:
16355:
16353:
16350:
16348:
16345:
16343:
16340:
16338:
16335:
16333:
16330:
16328:
16325:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16313:
16310:
16308:
16307:Pacific saury
16305:
16303:
16302:Orange roughy
16300:
16298:
16295:
16293:
16290:
16288:
16285:
16283:
16280:
16278:
16275:
16273:
16270:
16268:
16265:
16263:
16260:
16258:
16255:
16253:
16250:
16248:
16245:
16243:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16233:
16230:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16218:
16215:
16213:
16210:
16209:
16207:
16205:
16201:
16193:
16190:
16189:
16188:
16185:
16183:
16180:
16178:
16175:
16173:
16170:
16168:
16165:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16105:
16103:
16100:
16098:
16095:
16093:
16090:
16089:
16087:
16085:
16081:
16075:
16072:
16070:
16067:
16065:
16062:
16060:
16057:
16055:
16052:
16050:
16047:
16045:
16042:
16040:
16037:
16035:
16032:
16030:
16027:
16025:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16015:
16012:
16010:
16007:
16005:
16002:
16000:
15997:
15995:
15992:
15990:
15987:
15985:
15982:
15980:
15977:
15976:
15974:
15972:
15968:
15963:
15957:
15947:
15944:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15934:
15932:
15929:
15927:
15924:
15922:
15919:
15917:
15914:
15912:
15909:
15907:
15904:
15902:
15899:
15898:
15896:
15894:
15890:
15886:
15879:
15874:
15872:
15867:
15865:
15860:
15859:
15856:
15848:
15842:
15838:
15837:Springer Cham
15834:
15833:
15828:
15824:
15818:
15814:
15810:
15809:
15804:
15800:
15794:
15790:
15789:
15784:
15780:
15774:
15770:
15769:
15764:
15760:
15754:
15750:
15746:
15745:
15739:
15735:
15729:
15725:
15721:
15720:
15714:
15710:
15704:
15700:
15696:
15695:
15689:
15685:
15679:
15675:
15674:Gallery Books
15671:
15670:
15664:
15663:
15651:
15647:
15642:
15637:
15633:
15629:
15625:
15621:
15617:
15613:
15609:
15602:
15587:
15583:
15577:
15561:
15557:
15551:
15543:
15539:
15535:
15531:
15530:
15522:
15515:
15514:
15509:
15503:
15488:
15484:
15478:
15470:
15466:
15459:
15451:
15447:
15440:
15432:
15428:
15421:
15413:
15409:
15402:
15386:
15382:
15378:
15372:
15356:
15352:
15346:
15331:
15330:
15322:
15311:
15296:
15292:
15286:
15271:
15267:
15260:
15245:
15241:
15235:
15233:
15231:
15229:
15227:
15225:
15209:
15208:
15203:
15197:
15182:
15181:
15176:
15170:
15155:
15151:
15145:
15130:
15126:
15119:
15103:
15099:
15098:Cultured Beef
15095:
15089:
15073:
15069:
15063:
15055:
15051:
15047:
15043:
15039:
15035:
15028:
15012:
15008:
15002:
14987:
14983:
14976:
14960:
14956:
14949:
14934:
14930:
14923:
14907:
14903:
14897:
14895:
14893:
14884:
14880:
14876:
14872:
14868:
14864:
14860:
14856:
14852:
14848:
14841:
14833:
14827:
14818:
14813:
14809:
14805:
14801:
14794:
14786:
14780:
14764:
14760:
14754:
14738:
14734:
14728:
14721:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14706:
14699:
14695:
14689:
14673:
14669:
14665:
14659:
14643:
14639:
14635:
14628:
14612:
14608:
14604:
14597:
14581:
14577:
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12860:The Telegraph
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11999:
11995:
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11938:Food Frontier
11935:
11929:
11913:
11909:
11905:
11899:
11883:
11879:
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11869:
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11849:
11845:
11844:"New Harvest"
11839:
11823:
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11815:
11809:
11807:
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11775:
11759:
11755:
11754:CE Delft - EN
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11155:
11153:
11144:
11140:
11135:
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11122:
11118:
11117:10.3791/57586
11114:
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10940:
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10909:
10905:
10901:
10894:
10878:
10874:
10870:
10863:
10861:
10859:
10842:
10838:
10837:de Volkskrant
10834:
10827:
10811:
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10803:
10796:
10794:
10792:
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10788:
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10459:
10443:
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10424:
10407:
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10334:
10330:
10329:
10324:
10317:
10315:
10298:
10294:
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10264:
10263:Kweekvlees.be
10260:
10254:
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9976:
9972:
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9942:
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9916:
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9911:Imperial News
9908:
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9871:
9855:
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9759:
9755:
9751:
9745:
9743:
9741:
9724:
9720:
9719:
9714:
9707:
9691:
9688:(in German).
9687:
9686:Bauernzeitung
9683:
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8470:
8469:The Economist
8466:
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7982:
7978:
7977:Business Wire
7974:
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7920:
7916:
7912:
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7886:
7882:
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7869:
7852:
7849:(in Hebrew).
7848:
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7271:New Scientist
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6942:de Volkskrant
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4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4289:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4268:Meat analogue
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4199:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4097:In the movie
4095:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4009:Giulio Questi
4005:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:Veronica Roth
3991:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3920:Douglas Adams
3917:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3906:Frederik Pohl
3903:
3902:
3897:
3896:René Barjavel
3893:
3892:
3887:
3886:Kurd Lasswitz
3883:
3882:
3877:
3866:
3863:
3855:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3829:This section
3827:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3809:
3807:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3788:entomoculture
3779:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3752:
3749:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3635:
3634:cyanobacteria
3631:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3591:nitrous oxide
3587:
3581:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3538:buffalo wings
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3515:Artificiality
3512:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3401:
3399:
3398:BioTech Foods
3394:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:Nanomaterials
3228:Nanomaterials
3225:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3184:
3183:deacetylation
3180:
3176:
3175:proteoglycans
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3157:gram negative
3154:
3151:bacteria and
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3113:hemicellulose
3110:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3045:
3034:
3032:
3024:Crystallinity
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:glycoproteins
2980:
2976:
2966:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:culture media
2941:
2935:Growth medium
2932:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2869:
2855:
2849:
2847:24 June 2021
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:San Francisco
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Finless Foods
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:San Francisco
2595:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:Florianópolis
2566:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:San Sebastián
2537:
2533:
2530:(acquired by
2527:
2526:BioTech Foods
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:24 June 2021
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:United States
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:United States
2313:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:4 March 2020
2241:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2221:
2210:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:United States
2084:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2064:October 2019
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2042:
2040:Multus Media
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:United States
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:United States
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:United States
1732:
1729:
1727:Matrix Meats
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1625:
1622:
1620:Forsea Foods
1619:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:United States
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Finless Foods
1574:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1561:By Jan 2023:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:United States
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:(acquired by
1320:
1319:BioTech Foods
1317:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:United States
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:United States
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:United States
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1083:Fish protein
1082:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:United States
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
979:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:Recent costs
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
924:
915:
912:
904:
894:
890:
884:
883:
878:This section
876:
872:
867:
866:
862:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
807:
804:
796:
791:
782:
780:
775:
773:
769:
764:
760:
756:
746:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
713:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
653:
649:
645:
644:Indian rupees
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
602:
601:
600:New Scientist
596:
592:
591:
586:
581:
579:
575:
574:Peace of Meat
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:Memphis Meats
551:
545:
543:
539:
535:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
501:
499:
498:Finless Foods
495:
491:
490:Memphis Meats
485:
479:
470:
469:Hanni Rützler
466:
457:
455:
451:
447:
446:Hanni Rützler
443:
438:
428:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
407:
404:
401:In May 2008,
399:
397:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:dermatologist
348:
340:
335:
331:
328:
324:
320:
319:muscle fibers
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
274:
272:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
232:
227:
226:cultured meat
217:
214:
210:
206:
205:environmental
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
147:
143:
122:
118:
114:
98:
96:
92:
91:food security
88:
84:
80:
77:dedicated to
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
55:animal cells
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:Cultured meat
34:
30:
19:
18:Cultured Meat
18083:
17970:Robot ethics
17889:
17791:
17784:
17777:
17770:
17763:
17756:
17749:
17742:
17735:
17728:
17647:
17547:GiveDirectly
17469:80,000 Hours
17443:Peter Singer
17438:Derek Parfit
17428:Yew-Kwang Ng
17403:Nick Bostrom
17180:Mystery meat
17157:
17136:Arachnophagy
17076:Branch house
17043:Preservation
17020:Meat science
16971:Alternatives
16960:Meat paradox
16882:Smoked foods
16521:Grasshoppers
16466:Sea cucumber
16461:Shrimp/prawn
15831:
15807:
15787:
15767:
15749:Abrams Press
15747:. New York:
15743:
15722:. New York:
15718:
15693:
15668:
15615:
15611:
15601:
15589:. Retrieved
15585:
15576:
15564:. Retrieved
15559:
15550:
15533:
15527:
15521:
15511:
15502:
15490:. Retrieved
15486:
15477:
15468:
15458:
15449:
15439:
15430:
15420:
15411:
15401:
15389:. Retrieved
15385:the original
15381:bitelabs.org
15380:
15371:
15359:. Retrieved
15355:the original
15345:
15334:, retrieved
15328:
15321:
15310:
15298:. Retrieved
15294:
15285:
15273:. Retrieved
15269:
15259:
15247:. Retrieved
15243:
15211:. Retrieved
15205:
15196:
15184:. Retrieved
15178:
15169:
15157:. Retrieved
15153:
15144:
15132:. Retrieved
15128:
15118:
15106:. Retrieved
15102:the original
15097:
15088:
15076:. Retrieved
15071:
15062:
15037:
15033:
15027:
15015:. Retrieved
15011:the Guardian
15010:
15001:
14989:. Retrieved
14985:
14975:
14963:. Retrieved
14958:
14948:
14936:. Retrieved
14932:
14922:
14910:. Retrieved
14905:
14850:
14846:
14840:
14826:
14807:
14803:
14793:
14779:
14767:. Retrieved
14762:
14753:
14741:. Retrieved
14737:the original
14727:
14710:
14705:
14693:
14688:
14678:28 September
14676:. Retrieved
14667:
14658:
14646:. Retrieved
14637:
14627:
14615:. Retrieved
14606:
14596:
14584:. Retrieved
14573:
14563:
14551:. Retrieved
14540:
14534:
14526:
14514:. Retrieved
14506:The Guardian
14505:
14495:
14483:. Retrieved
14479:the original
14470:
14463:
14451:. Retrieved
14444:the original
14439:
14426:
14414:. Retrieved
14404:Vein, John.
14384:. Retrieved
14380:the original
14369:
14331:(5): 60–67.
14328:
14324:
14315:
14306:
14262:
14258:
14247:
14235:. Retrieved
14226:
14217:
14205:. Retrieved
14177:
14173:
14163:
14144:
14133:, retrieved
14122:
14109:
14090:
14082:
14067:
14035:
14031:
14022:
14010:. Retrieved
14002:Labiotech.eu
14001:
13991:
13979:. Retrieved
13964:
13952:. Retrieved
13943:
13934:
13911:
13905:
13893:. Retrieved
13884:
13874:
13862:. Retrieved
13853:
13845:
13833:. Retrieved
13824:
13814:
13802:. Retrieved
13788:
13776:. Retrieved
13772:the original
13761:
13749:. Retrieved
13740:
13731:
13712:
13708:
13698:
13669:
13663:
13653:
13641:. Retrieved
13632:
13623:
13611:. Retrieved
13602:
13593:
13550:
13546:
13536:
13524:. Retrieved
13515:
13506:
13494:. Retrieved
13486:The Atlantic
13485:
13475:
13440:
13436:
13430:
13418:. Retrieved
13407:
13397:
13385:. Retrieved
13381:
13371:
13359:. Retrieved
13349:
13339:
13327:. Retrieved
13318:
13309:
13297:. Retrieved
13288:
13279:
13244:
13240:
13230:
13218:. Retrieved
13209:
13200:
13188:. Retrieved
13179:
13170:
13158:. Retrieved
13149:
13140:
13128:. Retrieved
13119:
13109:
13097:. Retrieved
13088:
13079:
13067:. Retrieved
13059:Wired Italia
13058:
13049:
13037:. Retrieved
13028:
13019:
13007:. Retrieved
12998:
12988:
12976:. Retrieved
12960:The Guardian
12959:
12949:
12937:. Retrieved
12928:
12918:
12906:. Retrieved
12897:
12888:
12876:. Retrieved
12859:
12849:
12837:. Retrieved
12812:
12802:
12790:. Retrieved
12781:
12771:
12747:
12694:
12690:
12680:
12635:
12631:
12606:. Retrieved
12570:
12566:
12553:
12541:. Retrieved
12505:
12502:Meat Science
12501:
12488:
12451:
12445:
12435:
12423:. Retrieved
12411:
12384:, retrieved
12374:
12368:
12356:. Retrieved
12320:
12317:Meat Science
12316:
12303:
12278:
12275:Meat Science
12274:
12220:
12216:
12191:. Retrieved
12163:
12159:
12116:
12112:
12102:
12085:
12081:
12075:
12032:
12028:
12018:
12006:. Retrieved
11997:
11988:
11976:. Retrieved
11967:
11958:
11946:. Retrieved
11937:
11928:
11916:. Retrieved
11907:
11898:
11886:. Retrieved
11877:
11868:
11856:. Retrieved
11847:
11838:
11826:. Retrieved
11817:
11793:. Retrieved
11784:
11774:
11762:. Retrieved
11753:
11744:
11732:. Retrieved
11723:
11714:
11702:. Retrieved
11694:multus.media
11693:
11684:
11664:
11652:. Retrieved
11643:
11634:
11589:
11585:
11575:
11563:. Retrieved
11555:www.pall.com
11554:
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10873:DutchNews.nl
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4992:Fast Company
4991:
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4960:
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4921:Biomaterials
4919:
4912:
4878:(1): 35–42.
4875:
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4357:(1): 13–22.
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4110:Project Eden
4108:
4100:Galaxy Quest
4098:
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3833:verification
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3203:tropoelastin
3192:
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3117:microfibrils
3101:angiogenesis
3097:
3068:exoskeletons
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3018:
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2884:, generally
2879:
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2806:Upside Foods
2773:
2730:
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2694:
2674:(until 2023
2647:Constructing
2646:
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2612:
2606:Constructing
2605:
2577:Constructing
2576:
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2551:
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2449:
2446:Pilot plants
2425:
2381:
2303:Upside Foods
2292:
2251:
2245:
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2172:
2153:Shiok Meats
2145:
2107:Constructing
2106:
2073:New Age Eats
2032:
2024:
1992:
1986:
1968:
1882:
1800:
1796:
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1746:Scaffolding
1717:
1712:
1613:foodservices
1606:Constructing
1605:
1567:foodservices
1554:Constructing
1553:
1505:
1491:
1446:Cubiq Foods
1438:
1388:
1358:
1274:
1269:Scaffolding
1175:
1163:
1127:
1064:Avant Meats
955:Market entry
922:
907:
901:October 2020
898:
887:Please help
882:verification
879:
841:Upside Foods
834:
808:
800:
776:
752:
749:Israel entry
739:
720:
709:
689:
684:Market entry
662:Upside Foods
659:
654:
641:
606:
598:
588:
582:
546:
536:from animal
530:
528:and others.
509:Josh Tetrick
502:
487:
481:
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434:
418:
408:
400:
388:
362:seeded with
349:
314:
296:
287:
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250:
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220:Nomenclature
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182:
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112:
95:human health
78:
56:
44:
40:
39:
29:
18173:Environment
18113:Agriculture
18034:Moore's law
17965:Neuroethics
17960:Cyberethics
17867:Agriculture
17631:Focus areas
17522:Faunalytics
17386:Key figures
17347:Longtermism
17163:Entomophagy
17151:Meat diaper
17141:Cannibalism
16817:Meat dishes
16599:Charcuterie
16562:preparation
16546:Mopane worm
16536:Mezcal worm
15697:. Oakland:
15560:New Harvest
15431:Motherboard
15291:"Companies"
15244:New Harvest
15017:30 November
14227:Google Docs
14207:12 November
13672:: 167–175.
13603:www.who.int
13516:ZME Science
13247:: 155–166.
13220:18 November
13190:16 November
13160:16 November
13130:16 November
13009:16 November
12978:16 November
12939:16 November
12908:16 November
12638:(8): 1904.
12608:17 December
12573:: 104–113.
12543:17 December
12358:17 December
12281:: 213–219.
11848:New Harvest
11785:ZME Science
11720:"biftek.co"
11452:28 February
11382:(1): 5059.
11167:Nature Food
10968:Mayo Clinic
10935:Green Queen
10806:Green Queen
10066:Green Queen
9971:PR Newswire
9754:Vegconomist
9465:Green Queen
9395:Green Queen
9202:13 December
9112:Vegconomist
9048:. Reuters.
8889:. Reuters.
8695:"Biftek.co"
8679:15 November
8605:PR Newswire
8226:Vegconomist
8119:Green Queen
7881:Green Queen
7736:Green Queen
7452:Vegconomist
7301:Vegconomist
7158:10 December
7148:Green Queen
7127:10 December
7117:Vegconomist
7097:10 December
7010:12 February
6267:26 November
6001:20 November
5738:9 September
5682:6 September
5428:26 November
5418:VegNews.com
5241:26 November
5170:26 November
4653:Nature Food
4223:prokaryotic
4141:Sergey Brin
4116:The Expanse
4090:) and Lem (
4070:replicators
4037:David Lynch
4023:Claude Zidi
3984:Rudy Rucker
3969:Accelerando
3939:Neuromancer
3930:Jacques Lob
3881:Two Planets
3792:interactome
3766:New Harvest
3719:Catholicism
3544:Environment
3426:Regulations
3306:Bioreactors
3292:Bioreactors
3270:Bioprinting
3207:fibronectin
3167:antibiotics
3133:crustaceans
3037:Degradation
2776:(May 2021)
2724:(May 2020)
2717:Netherlands
2702:(Apr 2024)
2670:Netherlands
2649:(Oct 2021)
2628:(Jan 2023)
2608:(Jan 2020)
2579:(Sep 2023)
2471:Aleph Farms
2462:In service
2428:New Harvest
2109:(Oct 2021)
1989:(May 2020)
1961:Netherlands
1885:Switzerland
1869:Mirai Foods
1779:Netherlands
1608:(Oct 2021)
1556:(Jan 2020)
1494:Switzerland
1405:Clear Meat
962:Aleph Farms
950:Pilot plant
779:Aleph Farms
727:novel foods
674:Aleph Farms
562:Future Meat
558:Aleph Farms
520:co-founder
514:Li Ka-shing
454:a soya copy
450:blind trial
425:Netherlands
334:Jon F. Vein
332:. In 1991,
323:Russel Ross
305:during the
142:New Harvest
140:A video by
71:New Harvest
18219:Categories
18209:Technology
17925:Automation
17722:Literature
17398:Liv Boeree
17220:White meat
17195:Pink slime
17173:Artificial
17048:Tenderness
16933:psychology
16931:Ethics and
16765:Salt-cured
16471:Sea urchin
16039:Guinea pig
15591:28 October
15566:28 October
15492:25 October
15391:20 October
15377:"BiteLabs"
15361:1 December
15336:25 October
15300:28 October
15275:28 October
15249:21 October
15078:12 January
15040:: 100358.
14991:12 January
14912:5 December
14769:12 January
14648:2 February
14617:2 February
14516:2 February
14485:27 January
14453:27 January
14416:27 January
14386:27 January
14237:12 January
14012:5 December
13981:5 December
13954:5 December
13854:IFLScience
13751:12 January
13643:12 January
13613:12 January
13526:12 January
13496:2 February
13299:19 October
13099:25 October
13089:Typo Media
13069:25 October
13039:25 October
12878:25 October
12839:25 October
12792:25 October
12454:(4): 656.
12425:25 October
12193:23 October
12166:: 103732.
11858:19 October
11828:19 October
11795:12 October
11734:28 October
11704:28 October
11654:28 October
11565:19 October
11351:18 October
11321:19 October
11267:18 October
11238:18 October
11205:19 October
11011:17 October
10978:17 October
10945:7 December
10914:6 December
10883:6 December
10847:9 December
10772:5 December
10734:24 October
10672:6 December
10638:6 December
10546:10 October
10512:10 October
10481:10 October
10448:5 December
10412:5 December
10398:IFLScience
10303:22 October
10273:7 December
10174:10 October
10076:7 December
9921:22 October
9891:11 October
9881:TechCrunch
9860:11 October
9828:11 October
9662:9 December
9594:22 October
9564:22 October
9554:LIVEKINDLY
9444:22 January
9375:6 December
9152:22 October
9122:8 December
9092:8 December
8931:8 December
8897:7 December
8866:8 December
8829:22 October
8799:22 October
8769:9 December
8739:8 February
8709:8 February
8637:TechCrunch
8615:6 December
8548:27 October
8419:22 October
8389:11 October
8358:22 October
8328:9 December
8266:9 December
7987:6 December
7956:6 December
7925:2 December
7857:17 January
7826:6 December
7784:6 December
7483:Fanpage.it
7462:8 December
7429:7 December
7067:14 October
7036:14 October
6921:13 January
6818:Yahoo News
6643:4 February
6612:4 February
6586:4 February
6488:23 October
6455:2 February
6390:2 February
6360:8 December
6228:5 December
6199:10 January
6156:12 October
6095:4 November
5970:9 February
5939:9 February
5901:"No Bull".
5855:14 October
5824:14 October
5794:14 October
5712:14 October
5577:2 February
5398:2 February
5302:25 October
5137:14 October
5111:14 October
5085:14 October
5059:14 October
5033:18 January
5002:18 January
4928:: 121274.
4475:: 100885.
4402:Forbes.com
4285:References
4219:eukaryotic
4180:, and the
4157:Elementary
4055:Enterprise
4042:Eraserhead
3996:; and the
3992:(2011) by
3972:(2005) by
3962:(2007) by
3952:(2003) by
3942:(1984) by
3928:(1982) by
3918:(1980) by
3904:(1952) by
3894:(1943) by
3884:(1897) by
3548:See also:
3522:appearance
3431:products.
3322:Challenges
3149:planktonic
3145:amino acid
3105:Hypanthium
3072:surfactant
2921:nucleotide
2886:stem cells
2882:cell lines
2876:Cell lines
2843:California
2789:Ness Ziona
2722:Installing
2713:Maastricht
2682:Nov 2023 (
2601:California
2517:June 2021
2415:June 2019
2236:Foie gras
1987:Installing
1895:June 2020
1706:Foie gras
1678:July 2020
1309:Fall 2019
1172:June 2021
1055:Fall 2020
859:See also:
759:Ness Ziona
696:Wageningen
522:Jerry Yang
384:stem cells
380:Ionat Zurr
376:Oron Catts
339:US 6835390
327:guinea-pig
311:cell lines
239:clean meat
180:was sold.
162:prototypes
156:created a
17955:Bioethics
17448:Cari Tuna
17111:Slaughter
17033:Drip loss
16755:Rillettes
16715:Marinated
16653:Forcemeat
16639:Fermented
16579:Barbecued
16551:Palm grub
16382:Shellfish
16352:Swordfish
16287:Mahi Mahi
16117:Crocodile
16092:Alligator
15971:Livestock
15901:Cassowary
15724:Portfolio
15632:1934-3655
15536:: 48–58.
15270:The Spoon
15180:Cell Agri
15129:The Spoon
15054:251688429
14867:1573-6571
14763:The Spoon
14353:0036-8733
14281:0048-9697
13916:CRC Press
13567:0090-0036
13445:CiteSeerX
13382:USA TODAY
13329:9 January
13319:Food Dive
13120:Just Food
12968:0261-3077
12868:0307-1235
12829:257991805
12721:1932-6203
12654:2072-6643
12632:Nutrients
12530:117717742
12508:: 37–45.
12239:2296-861X
12180:198753926
12135:2571-581X
12049:0022-1155
12008:7 January
11978:7 January
11948:7 January
11918:7 January
11908:The Spoon
11888:7 January
11764:7 January
11724:biftek.co
11608:2296-634X
11537:116877741
11529:2571-581X
11472:New Atlas
11404:2041-1723
11311:1439-2054
11195:216199677
11187:2662-1355
11125:1940-087X
11085:157058210
11077:2571-581X
10724:The Spoon
10703:7 January
10577:6 October
10536:Get Revue
10240:21 August
10209:21 August
10110:21 August
10045:22 August
9981:22 August
9764:20 August
9696:22 August
9628:21 August
9506:21 August
9475:21 August
9434:0261-3077
9329:22 August
9253:Nieuwsuur
9056:4 October
9025:4 October
8994:4 October
8964:4 October
8954:3Dnatives
8921:Bloomberg
8789:The Spoon
8759:The Spoon
8729:TRT World
8699:biftek.co
8477:0013-0613
8409:The Spoon
8170:22 August
7311:12 August
6555:5 January
5886:9 October
5606:(1): 62.
5522:(1): 56.
5493:7 October
5209:254464563
4835:1573-1502
4776:2636-0772
4719:0021-8812
4545:CiteSeerX
4373:3 January
4232:phosphate
4130:artisanal
4105:Tim Allen
4072:. In the
4061:Star Trek
4053:Starship
4048:Antiviral
3989:Divergent
3959:Deadstock
3760:Education
3237:nanoscale
3179:lysozymes
3064:Cellulose
3059:Cellulose
3050:Edibility
2784:SuperMeat
2708:Mosa Meat
2689:Singapore
2621:Singapore
2484:Feb 2022
2465:Capacity
2459:Location
2376:Oct 2022
2373:Aug 2019
2361:Australia
2333:Feb 2016
2260:SuperMeat
2184:(shrimp)
2168:Singapore
2117:SavorEat
2103:Sep 2018
1937:Mosa Meat
1858:mid 2022
1791:Nov 2023
1788:End 2020
1644:Jan 2024
1602:Sep 2017
1550:Dec 2017
1470:Sep 2019
1389:(by 2025)
1285:BlueNalu
1213:Nov 2023
1204:Pet food
1122:May 2019
1117:Pet food
1091:Nov 2023
1088:Nov 2019
1079:Hong Kong
994:Jan 2024
991:Feb 2022
988:Dec 2018
849:Good Meat
795:Singapore
755:SuperMeat
678:Mosa Meat
625:KU Leuven
617:seasoning
613:foie gras
578:SuperMeat
570:Mosa Meat
494:SuperMeat
350:In 2001,
325:cultured
174:Singapore
166:SuperMeat
158:hamburger
154:Mark Post
152:In 2013,
53:culturing
17552:GiveWell
17433:Toby Ord
17300:Concepts
17205:Red meat
17200:Raw meat
17129:subjects
17010:Veganism
16877:Meatball
16740:Pemmican
16725:Meatloaf
16720:Meatball
16560:Cuts and
16541:Silkworm
16531:Mealworm
16509:Crickets
16421:Crayfish
16401:Calamari
16297:Milkfish
16282:Mackerel
16277:Kingfish
16252:Flounder
16152:Pangolin
16137:Kangaroo
16122:Elephant
16107:Bushmeat
15839:. 2024.
15815:. 2024.
15650:25829302
15513:The Tyee
15295:IndieBio
15159:10 April
15134:10 April
15108:10 April
15072:BBC News
14965:10 April
14906:HuffPost
14875:28456853
14743:5 August
14716:Archived
14711:In vitro
14700:, p. 17.
14672:Archived
14642:Archived
14611:Archived
14607:BBC News
14586:8 August
14580:Archived
14575:Discover
14553:7 August
14547:Archived
14535:In Vitro
14510:Archived
14410:Archived
14361:19873908
14289:36368402
14231:Archived
14202:21682287
14152:Archived
14129:archived
14098:Archived
14075:Archived
14060:21682287
14006:Archived
13975:Archived
13948:Archived
13895:28 March
13889:Archived
13885:Wired UK
13864:28 March
13858:Archived
13829:Archived
13804:28 March
13798:Archived
13745:Archived
13689:11052809
13637:Archived
13607:Archived
13585:26469675
13520:Archived
13490:Archived
13467:15998207
13414:Archived
13409:NBC News
13355:Archived
13323:Archived
13293:Archived
13271:30100674
13214:Archived
13210:BBC News
13184:Archived
13154:Archived
13150:Sky TG24
13124:Archived
13093:Archived
13063:Archived
13033:Archived
13003:Archived
12972:Archived
12933:Archived
12902:Archived
12898:BBC News
12872:Archived
12833:Archived
12786:Archived
12782:Euronews
12760:Archived
12739:31469862
12691:PLOS ONE
12672:31443177
12599:Archived
12595:73479055
12587:30840874
12567:Appetite
12534:Archived
12522:30986669
12480:32290141
12416:Archived
12386:4 August
12380:archived
12349:Archived
12345:19086898
12337:29684844
12323:: 8–17.
12295:29459297
12257:31334244
12184:Archived
12067:26604337
12002:Archived
11972:Archived
11942:Archived
11912:Archived
11882:Archived
11852:Archived
11822:Archived
11789:Archived
11758:Archived
11728:Archived
11698:Archived
11673:Archived
11648:Archived
11626:27800478
11559:Archived
11501:(2019).
11476:Archived
11422:34429413
11315:Archived
11261:Archived
11232:Archived
11199:Archived
11143:29912197
11005:Archived
10972:Archived
10939:Archived
10908:Archived
10877:Archived
10841:Archived
10816:18 April
10810:Archived
10766:Archived
10728:Archived
10697:Archived
10666:Archived
10632:Archived
10607:18 April
10601:Archived
10571:Archived
10506:Archived
10475:Archived
10442:Archived
10406:Archived
10364:Archived
10333:Archived
10297:Archived
10234:Archived
10203:Archived
10199:BBC News
10168:Archived
10140:18 April
10134:Archived
10104:Archived
10070:Archived
10039:Archived
10014:18 April
10008:Archived
10004:Sentient
9975:Archived
9951:18 April
9945:Archived
9915:Archived
9885:Archived
9854:Archived
9822:Archived
9791:Archived
9758:Archived
9723:Archived
9690:Archived
9656:Archived
9622:Archived
9588:Archived
9558:Archived
9527:Archived
9500:Archived
9469:Archived
9438:Archived
9405:30 April
9399:Archived
9369:Archived
9323:Archived
9290:Archived
9257:Archived
9227:Archived
9196:Archived
9179:Givaudan
9146:Archived
9116:Archived
9086:Archived
9050:Archived
9019:Archived
8988:Archived
8958:Archived
8925:Archived
8891:Archived
8860:Archived
8823:Archived
8793:Archived
8763:Archived
8733:Archived
8703:Archived
8673:Archived
8642:Archived
8609:Archived
8575:Archived
8542:Archived
8481:Archived
8449:18 April
8443:Archived
8413:Archived
8383:Archived
8352:Archived
8322:Archived
8297:18 April
8291:Archived
8260:Archived
8230:Archived
8195:Archived
8164:Archived
8129:17 April
8123:Archived
8085:Archived
8080:ABC News
8053:Archived
8023:Archived
7981:Archived
7950:Archived
7919:Archived
7891:17 April
7885:Archived
7851:Archived
7820:Archived
7778:Archived
7746:17 April
7740:Archived
7696:17 April
7690:Archived
7662:17 April
7656:Archived
7625:Archived
7585:Archived
7549:Archived
7524:18 April
7518:Archived
7488:Archived
7456:Archived
7423:Archived
7383:Archived
7345:Archived
7305:Archived
7275:Archived
7242:Archived
7211:Archived
7152:Archived
7121:Archived
7091:Archived
7061:Archived
7031:Politico
7004:Archived
6977:Archived
6946:Archived
6915:Archived
6890:5 August
6884:Archived
6859:5 August
6853:Archived
6828:5 August
6797:5 August
6791:Archived
6787:Sky News
6767:17 March
6761:Archived
6736:17 March
6730:Archived
6705:17 March
6699:Archived
6674:17 March
6668:Archived
6637:Archived
6606:Archived
6580:Archived
6549:Archived
6527:32407686
6482:Archived
6449:Archived
6445:BBC News
6415:Archived
6384:Archived
6380:BBC News
6303:30 April
6222:Archived
6193:archived
6120:Archived
6089:Archived
5995:Archived
5964:Archived
5933:Archived
5904:Archived
5880:Archived
5849:Archived
5818:Archived
5788:Archived
5732:Archived
5706:Archived
5676:Archived
5650:Archived
5632:38057390
5623:10700563
5571:Archived
5548:36496502
5487:Archived
5459:10 April
5453:Archived
5422:Archived
5392:Archived
5367:22 March
5361:Archived
5333:10 April
5327:Archived
5296:Archived
5271:22 April
5265:Archived
5164:Archived
5131:Archived
5105:Archived
5079:Archived
5053:Archived
5027:Archived
4996:Archived
4965:Archived
4942:34871881
4904:35311183
4853:33758465
4794:34017947
4737:32745186
4670:Archived
4598:Archived
4571:Archived
4567:15998207
4518:24214798
4407:Archived
4367:Archived
4319:85513225
4252:See also
4241:antibody
4182:flatworm
4174:in vitro
3852:May 2020
3782:Research
3733:Economic
3723:Hinduism
3665:in vitro
3578:in vitro
3360:CE Delft
3333:in vitro
3250:alginate
3243:Spinning
3222:Mycelium
3217:Mycelium
3194:Collagen
3189:Collagen
3153:biofilms
3141:Chitosan
2997:Porosity
2987:collagen
2960:Scaffold
2917:telomere
2913:in vitro
2834:Wildtype
2657:Meatable
2588:Eat Just
2552:mid-2024
2456:Company
2438:and the
2366:Kangaroo
2327:Poultry
2280:Poultry
2025:End 2020
1977:Aug 2013
1808:Meatleo
1763:Meatable
1639:Seafood
1516:Eat Just
1424:Poultry
1359:mid-2024
1304:Seafood
932:Founded
825:Meatable
742:Meatable
670:Wildtype
566:Meatable
550:Eat Just
505:Eat Just
442:Polperro
360:collagen
315:In vitro
255:in vitro
251:cultured
224:Besides
209:economic
193:research
178:Eat Just
170:Tel Aviv
79:in-vitro
58:in vitro
18197:Science
18161:Ecology
18137:Biology
18125:Animals
18099:Portals
17168:Marbled
17127:Related
17106:Packing
17081:Butcher
16945:Carnism
16887:Sausage
16862:Seafood
16830:Chicken
16800:Tartare
16795:Tandoor
16775:Sausage
16760:Roasted
16745:Poached
16735:Pickled
16658:Cretons
16648:supreme
16589:Braised
16584:Biltong
16486:Insects
16451:Scallop
16441:Octopus
16431:Lobster
16426:Dolphin
16396:Abalone
16388:seafood
16372:Walleye
16357:Tilapia
16332:Sardine
16322:Pollock
16272:Herring
16267:Halibut
16262:Haddock
16257:Grouper
16242:Crappie
16232:Catfish
16212:Anchovy
16182:Venison
15999:Buffalo
15989:Beefalo
15926:Ostrich
15906:Chicken
15893:Poultry
15641:4410719
15433:. Vice.
14883:9217711
14333:Bibcode
14182:Bibcode
14135:28 June
14040:Bibcode
13912:Seafood
13778:26 June
13633:UN News
13576:4638249
13262:6078906
12730:6716657
12699:Bibcode
12663:6723411
12471:7223365
12447:Animals
12248:6616100
12223:: 103.
12058:4648904
11617:5065960
11592:: 115.
11441:MeaTech
11413:8385070
11384:Bibcode
11134:6101437
11111:(135).
10470:Inverse
10230:Reuters
9533:14 July
9285:Fortune
9015:Reuters
8669:Reuters
8287:CTVNews
8091:24 June
7591:24 July
7418:De Tijd
7181:12 July
6849:Haaretz
6695:Fortune
6633:Fortune
6421:12 June
6185:NPR.org
6052:Bibcode
5656:9 April
5539:9734853
4895:8929989
4844:7977488
4785:8112310
4728:7398566
4676:8 April
4604:9 April
4577:8 April
4413:8 April
4246:osmosis
4211:plasmid
4137:Twitter
4076:sitcom
3806:MeliBio
3742:Farmers
3704:Islamic
3641:Ethical
3557:hectare
3534:texture
3495:omega-3
3378:in vivo
3338:in vivo
3311:in vivo
3162:E. coli
3093:gelatin
3044:in vivo
2991:enzymes
2975:in vivo
2863:Process
2769:Belgium
2765:Antwerp
2752:Belgium
2748:Antwerp
2509:Rehovot
2489:3,000 m
2476:Rehovot
2410:Salmon
2293:By 2022
2232:Belgium
1834:Mewery
1543:C. €50/
1427:c. 825
1218:Biftek
1164:$ 10/lb
770:and UN
721:In the
637:MeaTech
609:Belgium
277:History
197:ethical
186:grouper
17950:Ethics
17918:Topics
17859:Fields
17803:Events
17249:
17101:Jobber
17086:Cutter
17071:Broker
16872:Steaks
16790:Stewed
16780:Smoked
16770:Salumi
16750:Potted
16700:Kidney
16680:Ground
16675:Frozen
16644:Fillet
16624:Cutlet
16614:Corned
16609:Confit
16594:Burger
16525:locust
16504:Cicada
16446:Oyster
16436:Mussel
16406:Chiton
16386:other
16327:Salmon
16292:Marlin
16177:Turtle
16167:Rabbit
16142:Monkey
16132:Iguana
16074:Żubroń
16029:Snails
16024:Donkey
15979:Alpaca
15946:Turkey
15931:Pigeon
15843:
15819:
15795:
15775:
15755:
15730:
15705:
15680:
15648:
15638:
15630:
15329:Heroes
15213:3 June
15202:"Meat"
15186:3 June
15052:
14938:14 May
14881:
14873:
14865:
14359:
14351:
14287:
14279:
14200:
14058:
13922:
13835:8 July
13686:
13583:
13573:
13565:
13465:
13447:
13387:17 May
13269:
13259:
12966:
12866:
12827:
12813:Nature
12737:
12727:
12719:
12670:
12660:
12652:
12593:
12585:
12528:
12520:
12478:
12468:
12343:
12335:
12293:
12255:
12245:
12237:
12178:
12133:
12119:: 11.
12065:
12055:
12047:
11624:
11614:
11606:
11535:
11527:
11436:"Home"
11420:
11410:
11402:
11309:
11193:
11185:
11141:
11131:
11123:
11083:
11075:
10693:Forbes
10438:Forbes
10370:26 May
10339:26 May
9818:Forbes
9797:25 May
9729:26 May
9432:
9296:26 May
9263:26 May
9233:26 May
9183:Bühler
9175:Migros
8648:26 May
8581:26 May
8570:Forbes
8517:19 May
8487:19 May
8475:
8236:12 May
8201:26 May
7686:NOS.nl
7652:Forbes
7555:26 May
7545:Emerce
7494:4 June
7389:27 May
7351:26 May
7281:27 May
7248:27 May
7238:Quartz
7217:27 May
7207:Quartz
7057:Quartz
6952:20 May
6525:
6478:Arnews
6126:3 June
6023:
5929:Quartz
5764:5 June
5630:
5620:
5546:
5536:
5449:Forbes
5207:
4971:2 July
4940:
4902:
4892:
4851:
4841:
4833:
4792:
4782:
4774:
4735:
4725:
4717:
4565:
4547:
4516:
4317:
4178:cattle
4133:salami
4084:Heroes
4021:) and
3698:kosher
3694:Jewish
3566:biogas
3477:Health
3198:murine
3129:Chitin
3124:Chitin
3109:lignin
2929:biopsy
2793:Israel
2687:&
2684:Leiden
2666:Leiden
2572:Brazil
2513:Israel
2480:Israel
2430:, the
2403:
2358:
2320:
2276:Israel
2273:
2229:
2220:Israel
2217:
2173:Shrimp
2165:
2132:Israel
2129:
2091:
2052:
2012:
1969:€60/kg
1958:
1916:
1846:
1823:Canada
1820:
1776:
1739:
1699:
1665:
1635:Israel
1632:
1589:
1545:nugget
1533:
1458:
1429:rupees
1417:
1378:
1366:CellX
1340:
1297:
1262:
1250:BioBQ
1233:Turkey
1230:
1197:
1156:Israel
1153:
1110:
1076:
1043:
1014:Canada
1011:
978:Israel
975:
938:Focus
700:Leiden
676:, and
590:Quartz
518:Yahoo!
437:burger
364:muscle
356:matrix
344:
201:health
146:Xprize
17185:Offal
16896:Other
16785:Steak
16730:Offal
16705:Liver
16695:Kebab
16690:Jerky
16670:Fried
16629:Dried
16619:Cured
16574:Bacon
16514:Flour
16476:Whale
16362:Trout
16337:Shark
16312:Perch
16172:Snake
16147:Mouse
16054:Llama
16044:Horse
16004:Camel
15994:Bison
15936:Quail
15921:Goose
15050:S2CID
14879:S2CID
14537:Meat"
14475:(PDF)
14447:(PDF)
14436:(PDF)
13420:4 May
13361:4 May
12825:S2CID
12763:(PDF)
12756:(PDF)
12753:"SFA"
12602:(PDF)
12591:S2CID
12563:(PDF)
12537:(PDF)
12526:S2CID
12498:(PDF)
12419:(PDF)
12408:(PDF)
12352:(PDF)
12341:S2CID
12313:(PDF)
12187:(PDF)
12176:S2CID
12156:(PDF)
11533:S2CID
11191:S2CID
11081:S2CID
9718:Trouw
9319:Wired
8059:1 May
8029:1 May
7631:1 May
5351:JTA.
5205:S2CID
4627:(1).
4315:S2CID
4305:(1).
4154:show
3713:haram
3630:algae
3530:smell
3526:taste
3137:fungi
3089:C2C12
2676:Delft
2543:Spain
2394:2016
2349:2019
2311:2015
2286:2018
2264:2015
2208:2019
2176:Beef
2156:2018
2136:Beef
2120:2016
2098:Pork
2082:2023
2080:2018–
2043:2019
2019:Beef
2003:2019
1965:Beef
1949:2015
1923:Pork
1907:2018
1889:Beef
1873:2020
1863:2025
1853:Pork
1837:2020
1827:Beef
1811:2021
1783:Pork
1767:2018
1730:2019
1702:Japan
1690:2015
1672:Pork
1656:2017
1623:2021
1596:Tuna
1580:2016
1540:Meat
1524:2011
1498:Meat
1482:2021
1461:Spain
1449:2018
1420:India
1408:2019
1396:2021
1385:Pork
1381:China
1369:2020
1355:2020
1347:Pork
1343:Spain
1331:2017
1288:2018
1253:2018
1221:2018
1188:2020
1169:2019
1160:Meat
1144:2018
1101:2018
1067:2018
1050:Meat
1034:2019
1018:Beef
1002:2016
982:Beef
966:2017
935:Area
929:Name
821:quail
704:Delft
391:India
367:cells
330:aorta
253:and "
247:clean
18255:Meat
18185:Food
18085:List
16867:Veal
16850:Pork
16845:Lamb
16840:Goat
16835:Fish
16825:Beef
16663:Pâté
16604:Chop
16569:Aged
16494:Ants
16456:Seal
16416:Crab
16411:Clam
16367:Tuna
16347:Swai
16342:Sole
16317:Pike
16227:Carp
16222:Bass
16217:Basa
16204:Fish
16192:Wolf
16162:Hare
16112:Boar
16102:Bear
16084:Game
16064:Veal
16059:Pork
16034:Frog
16014:Goat
15984:Beef
15941:Rhea
15911:Duck
15885:Meat
15841:ISBN
15817:ISBN
15793:ISBN
15773:ISBN
15753:ISBN
15728:ISBN
15703:ISBN
15678:ISBN
15646:PMID
15628:ISSN
15593:2020
15568:2020
15494:2022
15450:Time
15393:2014
15363:2016
15338:2022
15302:2020
15277:2020
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