79:
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both of them were clearly associated with animal remains. Both were made from lava. The larger stone has a diameter of about 12.3 cm (4.8 in) and weighs about 1.12 kg (2.5 lb) while the smaller stone is about 8.4 cm (3.3 in) in diameter and weighs about 0.5 kg (1.1 lb). There was also a substantial amount of scrapers found throughout all the Cueva Fell layers. The bone tools found, according to Bird, were made from sloth bone because there bone used showed no evidence of marrow cavities.
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subsequent increase of various perturbation processes threatening the archaeological integrity. Many of these sites, Cueva Fell included, are rock shelters which have been used as dens by carnivorous fauna over thousands of years, which not only disturb archaeological deposits but add difficulty to recognizing archaeological sites. Low population density combined with these other factors make Junius Bird's discovery of Cueva Fell in 1936 truly remarkable in and of itself.
27:
72:
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546:. The horse was to become extinct and absent in the Americas through most of the Holocene until it was imported by Europeans. In fact the evidence of the ancient horse Cueva Fell was the first proof that horses occupied the Americas before being reintroduced from the Old World. The stratified remains of both human and animals provides evidence that human occupation of the area actually preceded the extinction of both the native horse (
301:. Situated on the southeast side of what was once a river bank, it is more accurately described as a rock shelter. It was formed by river water wearing away at the sandstone bank, leaving behind a canopy of lava conglomerate and thus creating a shelter 28 ft (8.5 m) deep and 38 ft (12 m) wide. The erosion formed a smooth floor of hard clay. Remnants of
2226:
Although site discovery and excavation were not recent, Cueva Fell is representative of occupation of southern South
America. The earliest occupation at Cueva Fell, between 11,000 +-170 and 10,080 +-160 years BP, does not pre-date but is coeval with Clovis. Other Late Pleistocene sites in Argentina,
1613:
Discoidal stones, referred in the chart as circular rubbing stones, were also found. Bird notes in a 1970 journal article that "stone artefacts shaped by pecking and grinding are so generally absent among Paleo-Indian finds that exceptions are noteworthy". There were two stones found in Cueva Fell;
521:
Today Cueva Fell joins most of southern
Argentina in what is known as the Fuego-Patagonia steppe environment. The area receives less than 400 mm (16 in) annual precipitation (typical for the Patagonia region but much drier than neighbouring coastal or mountain terrains) and is dominated by
453:
The oldest cultural occupation at this site belongs to the Fell's
Tradition. Thus, Fell's Cave is the type site for the Fell's Tradition. This tradition is characterized most notably by fishtail points as well as various stone scrapers, choppers, stone discs and bone tools. Several hearths were also
2247:
that contrasts with the continent-wide use of Clovis points in North
America. Such regional technological adaptations seem to reflect the initial dispersal of small paleoindian groups throughout the vast continent. The fishtail points of Cueva Fell thus represent crucial evidence in the distinction
506:
As the
Holocene warming trend persisted, so the environment of southern Patagonia continued to change. The archaeology of Fell's Cave provides evidence for the regular occurrence of summer droughts in the area—droughts that, combined with increasing summer storm activity, may have led to wildfires.
580:
in North
America. Analysis of pollen extracted from Cueva Fell suggested a substantial reduction in grassland in southern Patagonia in the period just preceding these extinctions, and was an early piece of evidence in the mounting argument against hunting as the primary cause of species collapse.
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region experienced a period of low temperatures and high precipitation as well as advancing glaciers. This was followed in 10,000 to 9,000 years BP by a warming trend. These two thousand years in question marked a fitful end to the last ice age, one marked by high environmental variability. While
432:
Present in this layer are bone awls, stone scrapers, and triangular stone points with rounded bases. Also, bolas of notably smaller size than the subsequent later period, period IV. It has been suggested that these small stone bolas may have been used in procurement of birds. Guanaco and fox bone
585:
were also found in the older depositional layers. Where other large grazing fauna died out in the early
Holocene, guanaco appear to have survived as a result of their less specialized plant diet, adapting to the change in vegetation that accompanied the warming Holocene. Guanaco population sizes
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The early inhabitants of Fuego-Patagonia signify sparse populations spread out over large territories and chances of site discovery in this region are low. Compounding the low likelihood of site discovery in this region is the deeply buried contexts associated with such early occupation and the
2235:
The common tendency to compare South
American and North American prehistory is increasingly becoming outmoded, most notably in regards to early technological adaptations. It has been long believed that the early fluted points of South America represented a diffusion of the fluted North American
336:
The youngest stratigraphic layer of Fell's Cave is a dark earth layer, reaching approximately 10 in (25 cm) in thickness. This component dates from around 700 years BP to the present. According to conventional radiocarbon dating, the layer dates to 1265 CE +-90.
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Finally, Cueva Fell deserves recognition for representing possibly the earliest occupation of Fuego-Patagonia approximately 11,000 BP. This southern region of South
America is symbolic of "the end of the line" for the initial colonization of the New World.
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This layer dates to around 8,500 to 6,500 years BP. The earth consistency between Layers II and III marking a notable distinction between the two. Layer III is approximately 12 to 15 in (30 to 38 cm) thick and consists of compacted dark earth.
379:
A refuse soft clay soil varying in thickness from 3 to 9 in (7.6 to 22.9 cm) composes the oldest occupation level at the site. The site dates from 11,000 +-170 years BP to 10,080 +-160 years BP according to conventional radiocarbon dating.
1610:, and guanacos. Fifteen fishtail projectile points were recovered from Layer V which is the oldest layer that dates back to 11,000 +-170 and 10,080 +-160 years BP. These fishtail point have been radiocarbon dated to be ca. 11,000 years old.
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Jackson, Lawrence J. (2006). "Fluted and
Fishtail Points from Southern Coastal Chile: New Evidence Suggesting Clovis- and Folsom-Related Occupations in Southernmost South America". In Morrow, Juliet E.; Gnecco, Cristóbal (eds.).
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The division between Layer I and Layer II is relatively indistinguishable as the sediments are of similar dark earth, and also reach about 10 in (25 cm) or more in thickness. This layer dates to around 6,500 years BP.
424:, various beads and other ornaments are also present. This Period can also be distinguished by the building of structures including extended burials and rock cairns. Again, the faunal assemblage is dominated by guanaco.
2172:
The colonization of the Americas may be one of the most contentious archaeological debates today. The issue involves a large body of research and numerous theories as to how and when this event began. For decades, the
408:, as well as such cultural materials as combs and beads. Based on the style of the arrow points, it is likely that this period is associated with the Ona Indians. The faunal assemblage of this period is dominated by
2208:. Based on the current understanding of archaeological evidence, it is now widely accepted that a pre-Clovis culture colonized the Americas via a Pacific coastal route sometime between 14,000 and 12,000 years BP.
277:, but was later renamed by Bird to Fell's Cave in honor of the Fell family who owned the Estancia Brazo Norte, the North Arm Station, where the cave is located. Excavation of the site began in 1936.
597:. This would have been remarkable as the earliest evidence for the domestic dog in the Americas. However subsequent analyses suggest the skull and teeth remains to have been from two wild species:
514:
The period of 9,000 to 6,000 years BP saw less remarkable shifts in climate, with a general trend away from xeric taxa and, it is then presumed, an increase in precipitation. There is insufficient
483:
environment through 11,000 years BP, as the freezing temperatures and winds began to abate. This is the climate and terrain that most closely predated the first human inhabitants in the area.
503:, humans, at this time, were already becoming adept at adjusting to new environments and appear not to have been deleteriously affected by the changeable and unpredictable climate.
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1617:
In 1969 there was a second dig organized at Cueva Fell but it was focused in a slightly different location of the cave. During this excavation 415 artifacts were found; various
420:
Period IV is characterized by the presence of stone tools such as stemmed or legged stone points, knives, and small thumb-nail scrapers as well as a bone tool assemblage. Large
2178:
371:
After the earliest layer, Layer V, had accumulated, sandstone slabs fell from the roof of the cave and sealed it off. This layer is 15 to 20 in (38 to 51 cm) thick.
445:, and stone scrapers. Junius Bird notes in Travels and Archaeology in South Chile that this layer contained significantly more sediment in relation to artifact distribution.
471:, prior to 12,500 years BP, the area surrounding Cueva Fell was dominated by high winds, year-round freezing temperatures, and annual precipitation under 300 mm. This
328:
The surface material of the site is composed of dirt, rocks, and hard-packed sheep manure. The surface layer ranges from 18 to 24 in (46 to 61 cm) in thickness.
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Bird named the periods from earliest to latest, thus Period I is the oldest and is associated with Layer V, while Period V is the latest and is associated with Layer I.
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The thickness of this layer varies from 13 to 17 in (33 to 43 cm) and consists of firmly packed dark earth. This layer dates from c. 10,000 to 8,500 years BP.
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At the time the theory was proposed no archaeological evidence had been discovered in the Americas which pre-dated 11,050 to 10,800 years BP, or the onset of the
3089:
Paez, M.M.; Prieto, A.R.; Mancini, M.V. (1999). "Fossil pollen from Los Toldos locality: A record of the Late-glacial transition in the Extra-Andean Patagonia".
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Clovis points. South American fluted points include the fishtail point represented at Cueva Fell and many other regions, the El Jobo point (Venezuela), and the
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labelled the occupational sediment layers of the site from top to bottom, the top layer directly under the surface is I and the oldest, lowest layer is V.
561:. This same evidence suggested that ancient horse was hunted and eaten. However humans weren't the sole predators in the area. Bone remains of the horse,
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control at the site to determine local climate conditions post-6,000 years BP, however regional ecology suggests a slight shift towards more aridity.
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2991:
Gnecco, Cristóbal; Aceituno, Javier (2006). "Early Humanized Landscapes in Northern South America". In Morrow, Juliet E.; Gnecco, Cristóbal (eds.).
2204:. However, in the last few decades a multitude of sites were found, which at first challenged this theory and now demand a new model to explain the
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and Canis avus (a small fox or wolf-life canine, particular to South America in the late Pleistocene period). Other faunal bone remains include
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such as Cerro Tres Tetas, Cueva Casa del Minero and Piedra Museo are also contemporaneous with Clovis and the early occupation at Fell's Cave.
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2219:, between 11,000 and 10,500 years ago, simply does not provide enough time for mid-continental migration. A similar argument is made about
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2223:, which may be the best known and most widely accepted of these sites and which pre-dates Clovis by approximately 1,000 years.
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Markgraf, Vera (1988). "11,000 Years of Changes in Paleoenvironments, Fauna, and Human Occupation". In Bird, Junius B. (ed.).
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The earliest human occupation dates suggested by the finds in Layer V—c. 11,000 to 10,000 years BP correspond to a period of
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roof eventually fell to the floor, forming an archaeologically sterile layer that separated later human occupation periods.
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Markgraf, Vera (1993). "Paleoenvironments and paleoclimates in Tierra del Fuego and southernmost Patagonia, South America".
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143:
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3244:
3106:
Ranere, Anthony J. (2006). "The Clovis Colonization of Central America". In Morrow, Juliet E.; Gnecco, Cristóbal (eds.).
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Cueva Fell is notable for the range of now-extinct faunal finds excavated from within it. Notable among these are the
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3019:
3000:
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249:, another significant archaeological site. Cueva Fell combined with the nearby Pali Aike site have been submitted to
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Borrero, Luis Alberto; Franco, Nora Viviana (1997). "Early Patagonia Hunter-Gatherers: Subsistence and Technology".
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511:) dramatic change in grazing flora species, are proposed as contributing factors to the evident faunal extinction.
2902:
Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1988). "The Carnivore Remains Excavated at Fell's Cave in 1970". In Bird, Junius B. (ed.).
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Borrero, Luis (1999). "Human dispersal and climatic conditions during Late Pleistocene times in Fuego-Patagonia".
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The fluted stone tool variants of South America represent regional adaptations to the procurement of Pleistocene
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constituted the earliest peoples to arrive in and inhabit North America. Entering the Americas from Asia via the
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577:
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5461:
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Waters, Michael R. (2007). "Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for the Peopling of the Americas".
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excavated from this level which produced three radiocarbon dates between c.11,000 and 10,000 years BP.
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remains found in all five human occupation levels of the cave initially suggested they were those of
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1606:. All of the fishtail points were associated with large mammals including: extinct horses, giant
404:
This period (layer I) is typified by a tool assemblage containing small arrow points and various
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Redacting Fell's Cave, Chile and the Chronological Placement of the Fishtail Projectile Point
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Some of the evidence supporting the coastal theory comes from the southernmost portions of
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Bird, Junius B. (1970). "Paleo-Indian Discoidal stones from Southern South America".
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animals in South America—was initially attributed to human over-hunting, as were the
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between tool technologies in the southern and northern continents of the Americas.
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cooling. In what has been described as a possible South American equivalent to the
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and flakes were found on the surface. The cave was originally called the Río Chico
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3198:, Society for American Archaeology, Volume 80, No. 2 (April 2015), p. 376–386
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The first excavation of Fell's cave in 1936 yielded 511 artefacts. These included
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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initially dipped along with other grazing species, but eventually recovered.
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10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1999)7:6<206::aid-evan5>3.0.co;2-g
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The decrease in water availability combined with the evident (through
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Roosevelt, Anna C. (1990). "Travels and Archaeology In South Chile".
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Dillehay, Tom D.; Calderon, Gerardo Ardila; Politis, Gustavo (1992).
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and ground sloth all display puncture marks, most likely made by the
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Dillehay (1999). "The late Pleistocene cultures of South America".
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populated southern North America. This population spread through
1602:
Perhaps the most significant find in the 1936 excavation was the
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487:
442:
409:
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Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
4116:
2676:"The Clovis Point and the Discovery of America's First Culture"
633:
606:
566:
480:
250:
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Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
3012:
Ice Age Southern Andes: A Chronicle of Paleoecological Events
1618:
641:
602:
562:
476:
472:
421:
286:
131:
3190:
Michael R. Waters, Thomas Amorosi, Thomas W. Stafford, jr.:
7139:
500:
2310:"Fell and Pali Aike Caves - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
2240:(Peru and Ecuador), all of which dating to Clovis times.
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The Early Holocene taxa change—the extinction of mostly
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and migrating south through the ice free corridor, the
2522:
1631:
Artefacts from Fell's Cave excavated in 1969 and 1970
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recovered from Cueva Fell by Junius Bird in the 1930s
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2747:
2738:
654:Distribution of artefacts from Fell's Cave (1936)
3108:Paleoindian Archaeology: A Hemisphere Perspective
3070:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
3034:. University Press of Florida. pp. 105–120.
3032:Paleoindian Archaeology: A Hemisphere Perspective
2993:Paleoindian Archaeology: A Hemisphere Perspective
2923:"Earliest hunters and gatherers of South America"
2403:
2336:
530:, along with a variety of herbaceous vegetation.
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2995:. University Press of Florida. pp. 86–104.
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2215:. Many researchers now agree that occupation of
285:Fell's Cave is located in the Río Chico canyon,
3110:. University Press of Florida. pp. 69–85.
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2448:
441:This layers consists mainly of bone points and
3067:
3053:. University of Iowa Press. pp. 196–201.
2990:
2906:. University of Iowa Press. pp. 188–195.
2540:
2486:
31:Cueva Fell as seen from across the Chico River
3217:
2901:
2872:
2729:
2720:
2702:
2609:
2380:
599:Pseudalopex griseus (South American gray fox)
2821:. University of Iowa Press. pp. 1–246.
2690:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2558:
2531:
2504:
2477:
2468:
2445:
6254:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2329:
2327:
644:, a couple of circular rubbing stones, and
3232:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
3224:
3210:
499:this produced significant changes in some
433:fragments dominate the faunal assemblage.
2636:
2627:
2618:
2588:
2549:
2436:
392:Artist's rendition of Cueva Fell exterior
16:Cave and archaeological site in Patagonia
5999:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
3048:
2961:
2513:
2422:
2410:
2362:
2348:
2324:
2230:
616:
475:environment was replaced by a treeless,
387:
218:
3028:
3009:
2181:. This theory basically holds that the
7326:
3127:The Latin American Anthropology Review
3105:
3051:Travels and Archaeology in South Chile
2904:Travels and Archaeology in South Chile
2819:Travels and Archaeology in South Chile
2585:Clutton-Brock, in Bird, 1988, p.189-94
6929:
6253:
5705:
4859:
3267:
3205:
2816:
2674:Charles C. Mann (November 1, 2013).
2162:
533:
245:. Cueva Fell is in proximity to the
2838:Journal of Anthropological Research
2177:trumped all other theories for the
299:Southern Patagonian Basalt Plateaus
269:. It came to his attention because
13:
2576:Markgraf, in Bird, 1988, p.200-201
2528:Markgraf, in Bird, 1988, p.199-200
297:border. This area is known as the
78:
50:
14:
7365:
4387:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
3550:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
3345:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
2758:Borrero & Franco, 1992, p.223
2744:Borrero & Franco, 1992, p.222
2252:Site discovery in Fuego-Patagonia
2168:The colonization of the New World
280:
260:
7344:Former populated places in Chile
77:
70:
49:
42:
25:
2765:
2667:
2645:
2459:
1728:Old-type, stemless, triangular
595:domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
312:
2345:Markgraf, in Bird, 1988, p.196
2302:
2293:
745:Small, triangular arrow point
522:bunch grasses from the genera
265:Fell's Cave was discovered by
61:Show map of Southern Patagonia
1:
7334:Archaeological sites in Chile
3099:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00008-1
2887:10.1016/s1040-6182(98)00010-x
2286:
984:?, concave base, broad, thin
383:
3082:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90005-4
3014:. Elsevier. pp. 1–240.
2717:Dillehay et al., 1992, p.170
2129:Spear thrower contact point
1171:Large, rough, circular edge
719:Patagonian-type arrow point
612:
58:location in Tierra del Fuego
7:
6930:
4575:Other caves with decoration
3657:Other caves with decoration
3579:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
3255:Caves containing pictograms
3010:Heusser, Calvin J. (2003).
2927:Journal of World Prehistory
2264:
2197:and finally South America.
2004:Fragment, uncertain, misc.
901:Hafted knife, questionable
797:Old-type, triangular point
10:
7370:
5706:
4559:Other World Heritage Sites
3646:Other World Heritage Sites
3268:
3245:Paleoanthropological sites
2179:Settlement of the Americas
1878:2-edge, narrow (parallel)
1844:
1831:Combination knife-scraper
1630:
1036:Combination knife-scraper
653:
622:Fishtail projectile points
462:
457:
7295:
7271:
7255:
7239:
7221:
7200:
7182:
7166:
7138:
6942:
6938:
6925:
6661:
6645:
6604:
6548:
6532:
6516:
6498:
6457:
6416:
6395:
6374:
6328:
6302:
6286:
6270:
6266:
6249:
6225:
6204:
6188:
6162:
5991:
5965:
5949:
5928:
5912:
5866:
5845:
5829:
5808:
5787:
5771:
5755:
5734:
5718:
5714:
5701:
5672:
5651:
5625:
5613:
5587:
5556:
5520:
5502:
5486:
5470:
5454:
5438:
5392:
5371:
5355:
5304:
5223:
5202:
5146:
5115:
5069:
5053:
5027:
4966:
4950:
4904:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4855:
4746:
4730:
4709:
4452:
4421:
4395:
4364:
4318:
4287:
4236:
4215:
4199:
4181:
4165:
4149:
4133:
4115:
4052:
4031:
3970:
3942:
3866:
3542:
3526:
3485:
3469:
3428:
3392:
3371:
3316:
3280:
3276:
3263:
3240:
2964:Evolutionary Anthropology
2067:
1850:Rough, single-edge flake
1803:Single edge (from flake)
1755:
1652:
1625:, bolas, and bone tools.
1604:fishtail projectile point
1437:
1300:
1067:Single-edge, rough flake
1061:
926:
823:Triangular, concave base
687:
223:Cueva Fell's stratigraphy
206:
201:
191:
179:
174:
137:
123:
109:
98:
36:
24:
7223:Northern Mariana Islands
4860:
3139:10.1525/jlca.1990.2.2.72
3091:Quaternary International
2875:Quaternary International
2850:10.1086/jar.53.2.3631277
2817:Bird, Junius B. (1988).
2465:Dillehay et al. 1992:170
2206:peopling of the Americas
771:Small, rudimentary stem
3160:10.1126/science.1137166
2501:Markgraf, 1993, p.62-63
2276:Pali-Aike National Park
1686:Unidentified, fragment
1412:Circular rubbing stone
1384:Lemon-shaped, fragment
1306:Deep groove, flat ends
7349:Pre-Columbian cultures
5747:Manyana Rock Paintings
3798:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
2492:Borrero, 1999, p.93-98
625:
578:megafaunal extinctions
393:
305:still clinging to the
237:is a natural cave and
224:
6310:Actun Tunichil Muknal
2735:Dillehay, 1999, p.207
2726:Dillehay, 1999, p.211
2708:Dillehay, 1999, p.214
2606:Bird, 1988, p.147-148
2567:Borrero, 1999b, p.342
2474:Borrero, 1999b, p.341
2407:Roosevelt, 1990, p.73
2231:Stone tool technology
1934:1-sided, rounded end
1920:1-edge (like 2-edge)
1010:Fragment (uncertain)
693:Ona-type arrow point
620:
391:
222:
99:Alternative name
5884:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
4824:Red Lady of Paviland
3716:Mayrières supérieure
2699:Waters, 2007, p.1225
2678:. Smithsonianmag.com
2653:"Clovis-First Model"
2537:Markgraf, 1993, p.56
2510:Markgraf, 1993, p.63
2483:Markgraf, 1993, p.53
2456:Roosevelt, 1990, p.1
1700:Patagonian, stemmed
1621:, knives, scrapers,
1358:Spherical, fragment
581:Large quantities of
6699:Colorado Millennial
5337:Shiraho Saonetabaru
4141:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
3154:(5815): 1122–1126.
1789:Small, leaf-shaped
1658:Ona, small, barbed
291:Straits of Magellan
255:World Heritage Site
155: /
21:
6517:Dominican Republic
6278:Cueva de las Manos
5174:Huto and Kamarband
4584:Barranc del Migdia
4470:Caves in Cantabria
3894:Hohlenstein-Stadel
3701:Grotte de Gabillou
3686:La Chaire a Calvin
3196:American Antiquity
2939:10.1007/BF00975549
2774:American Antiquity
2281:Cueva de las Manos
2187:Bering Land Bridge
2175:Clovis-first model
2115:Bonce lance point
1672:Small, triangular
932:Thin, single-edge
626:
549:Hippidion saldiasi
394:
225:
19:
7321:
7320:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6434:Piedras del Tunjo
6366:Toca da Tira Peia
6245:
6244:
6241:
6240:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4487:Hornos de la Peña
2642:Bird, 1988, p.176
2633:Bird, 1988, p.152
2624:Bird, 1988, p.148
2615:Bird, 1970, p.205
2597:Bird, 1988, p.145
2555:Bird, 1988, p.153
2546:Bird, 1970, p.207
2442:Bird, 1988, p.142
2433:Bird, 1988, p.139
2377:Bird, 1988, p.138
2359:Bird, 1988, p.134
2333:Bird, 1988, p.137
2163:Site significance
2160:
2159:
1906:2 sides to point
1600:
1599:
1275:Unfinished blank
689:Hafted implements
630:hafted implements
567:Patagonia panther
534:Flora & fauna
241:site in southern
217:
216:
159:52.033°S 70.050°W
89:Show map of Chile
86:location in Chile
7361:
7240:Papua New Guinea
6940:
6939:
6927:
6926:
6879:Stanfield-Worley
6854:Rockhouse Cliffs
6268:
6267:
6251:
6250:
6119:Howieson's Poort
5816:Enkapune Ya Muto
5716:
5715:
5703:
5702:
5169:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
4870:
4869:
4857:
4856:
4624:Peñas de Cabrera
3924:Kleine Feldhofer
3884:Geissenklösterle
3736:Roc-aux-Sorciers
3278:
3277:
3265:
3264:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3187:
3142:
3121:
3102:
3093:. 53–54: 69–75.
3085:
3064:
3045:
3025:
3006:
2987:
2958:
2917:
2898:
2869:
2832:
2813:
2759:
2756:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2655:. US History.com
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:Paez, 1999, p.73
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2420:
2417:
2408:
2405:
2378:
2375:
2360:
2357:
2346:
2343:
2334:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2217:Tierra del Fuego
2101:Solid point awl
1976:Reversed 2-edge
1948:Large, circular
1628:
1627:
651:
650:
469:Late Pleistocene
412:bone fragments.
247:Pali Aike Crater
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
164:-52.033; -70.050
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
90:
81:
80:
74:
62:
53:
52:
46:
29:
22:
18:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7283:
7267:
7251:
7235:
7217:
7196:
7178:
7162:
7134:
7050:Mackintosh 90/1
6970:Beginner's Luck
6934:
6913:
6729:Dutchess Quarry
6669:Arnold Research
6657:
6641:
6600:
6544:
6528:
6512:
6494:
6453:
6412:
6391:
6370:
6324:
6320:Midnight Terror
6298:
6282:
6262:
6237:
6221:
6200:
6184:
6158:
5987:
5961:
5945:
5924:
5908:
5899:Kelif el Boroud
5862:
5841:
5825:
5804:
5783:
5767:
5751:
5730:
5710:
5689:
5668:
5647:
5621:
5609:
5583:
5552:
5516:
5498:
5482:
5466:
5450:
5434:
5388:
5367:
5351:
5300:
5219:
5198:
5142:
5111:
5065:
5049:
5023:
4962:
4946:
4900:
4884:
4864:
4843:
4742:
4726:
4705:
4604:los Murciélagos
4552:Roca dels Moros
4448:
4417:
4391:
4360:
4331:Chertovy Vorota
4314:
4283:
4232:
4211:
4195:
4183:North Macedonia
4177:
4161:
4145:
4129:
4111:
4048:
4027:
3966:
3938:
3862:
3625:Abri du Poisson
3590:Les Combarelles
3538:
3522:
3481:
3465:
3424:
3388:
3367:
3363:Trou de l'Abîme
3312:
3272:
3259:
3236:
3230:
3118:
3061:
3042:
3022:
3003:
2914:
2829:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2381:
2376:
2363:
2358:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2267:
2254:
2233:
2195:Central America
2170:
2165:
1775:Knife or spear
1495:Solid bone awl
1439:Bone implements
1119:2-edge, narrow
849:Fishtail point
615:
536:
509:pollen analysis
465:
460:
386:
315:
283:
263:
163:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
144:
142:
141:
94:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
65:
64:
63:
60:
59:
56:
55:
54:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7367:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7339:Caves of Chile
7336:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7227:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6965:Beeton Shelter
6962:
6957:
6952:
6946:
6944:
6936:
6935:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6665:
6663:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6637:T'uqu T'uquyuq
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6139:Pinnacle Point
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5941:The White Lady
5938:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5712:
5711:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5462:Khoit Tsenkher
5458:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4866:
4865:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4774:Creswell Crags
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4754:Aveline's Hole
4750:
4748:
4747:United Kingdom
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4696:Santa Catalina
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4491:Monte Castillo
4488:
4485:
4480:
4477:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Hadži-Prodan's
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3609:Laugerie-Haute
3607:
3605:Laugerie-Basse
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:Abri Chadourne
3584:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3486:Czech Republic
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3456:Romuald's Cave
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3250:Cave paintings
3247:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3234:cave paintings
3229:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3143:
3122:
3116:
3103:
3086:
3076:(1–2): 53–68.
3065:
3059:
3046:
3040:
3026:
3020:
3007:
3001:
2988:
2970:(6): 206–216.
2959:
2933:(2): 145–204.
2918:
2912:
2899:
2870:
2844:(2): 219–239.
2833:
2827:
2814:
2786:10.2307/278152
2780:(2): 205–209.
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2689:
2666:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2444:
2435:
2421:
2409:
2379:
2361:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2232:
2229:
2202:Clovis culture
2183:Clovis culture
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2087:Bird bone awl
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:Chipping tool
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:2-edge, large
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:Bird bone awl
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:Chipping tool
1441:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1249:Small, hafted
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:Reversed-edge
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:2-edge, large
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:Surface layer
663:
660:
656:
655:
614:
611:
583:guanaco (lama)
535:
532:
464:
461:
459:
456:
451:
450:
439:
438:
430:
429:
418:
417:
402:
401:
385:
382:
377:
376:
369:
368:
361:
360:
352:
351:
343:
342:
334:
333:
326:
325:
314:
311:
282:
281:Site formation
279:
262:
261:Site discovery
259:
253:as a possible
239:archaeological
215:
214:
208:
207:Archaeologists
204:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
139:
135:
134:
125:
121:
120:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
85:
76:
75:
69:
68:
67:
66:
57:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7366:
7355:
7354:Rock shelters
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7308:Cave painting
7306:
7304:
7303:List of caves
7301:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7184:New Caledonia
7181:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7137:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7090:New Guinea II
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:Mannalargenna
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6834:On Your Knees
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6759:Hidden Valley
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6662:United States
6660:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:Guilá Naquitz
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6566:Dzibilchaltún
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6346:Pedra Pintada
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6260:South America
6257:
6252:
6248:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6124:Klasies River
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:Byneskranskop
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5889:Ifri Oudadane
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5858:Uan Muhuggiag
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5700:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5564:Batadombalena
5562:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:Ras Baalbek I
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:Nahal Me'arot
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4840:
4839:Windmill Hill
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Heathery Burn
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4519:Tito Bustillo
4517:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4500:Las Chimeneas
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4326:Akhshtyrskaya
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Pego do Diabo
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4065:Arene Candide
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Devil's Tower
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:Pair-non-Pair
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Le Mas-d'Azil
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Arcy-sur-Cure
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Font-de-Gaume
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:Abri Castanet
3567:
3566:
3565:Castel Merle
3564:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3117:0-8130-3389-6
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3060:0-87745-202-4
3056:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3041:0-8130-3389-6
3037:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3021:0-444-51478-3
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3002:0-8130-3389-6
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2913:0-87745-202-4
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:(54): 93–99.
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2828:0-87745-202-4
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2677:
2670:
2654:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2562:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2305:
2299:Heusser, 2003
2296:
2292:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:South America
2209:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:Clovis people
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
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1736:
1733:
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1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
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1708:
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1702:
1699:
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1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1645:Area C and D
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:ground sloths
1605:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
929:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
875:Hafted knife
874:
873:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
686:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
657:
652:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
623:
619:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
584:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
531:
529:
525:
519:
517:
512:
510:
504:
502:
497:
493:
492:Younger Dryas
489:
484:
482:
479:, herbaceous
478:
474:
470:
455:
448:
447:
446:
444:
436:
435:
434:
427:
426:
425:
423:
415:
414:
413:
411:
407:
399:
398:
397:
390:
381:
374:
373:
372:
367:Sterile Layer
366:
365:
364:
358:
357:
356:
349:
348:
347:
340:
339:
338:
331:
330:
329:
323:
322:
321:
319:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
278:
276:
272:
268:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
221:
212:
209:
205:
200:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
168:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
73:
45:
35:
28:
23:
7115:Wargata Mina
7075:Murrawijinie
7010:Eagles Reach
7005:Devil's Lair
6909:Wilson Butte
6694:Cherry Creek
6684:Bull Thistle
6429:Chiribiquete
6402:
6387:Charlie Lake
6315:Barton Creek
6129:Melkhoutboom
6069:Sterkfontein
6059:Plovers Lake
5992:South Africa
5894:Jebel Irhoud
5879:Ifri N'Ammar
5614:Turkmenistan
5579:Hunugalagala
5363:Iraq ed-Dubb
5128:Jeriji Saléh
4789:High Pasture
4346:Shulgan-Tash
4269:Pedra Furada
4090:
3929:Lichtenstein
3919:Brillenhöhle
3848:Le Regourdou
3808:La Ferrassie
3803:Combe Grenal
3746:Trois Frères
3681:Fontéchevade
3634:La Madeleine
3288:Drachenhöhle
3195:
3191:
3151:
3147:
3133:(2): 72–74.
3130:
3126:
3107:
3090:
3073:
3069:
3050:
3031:
3011:
2992:
2967:
2963:
2930:
2926:
2903:
2878:
2874:
2841:
2837:
2818:
2777:
2773:
2766:Bibliography
2740:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2680:. Retrieved
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2581:
2572:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2438:
2314:. Retrieved
2312:. Unesco.org
2304:
2295:
2259:
2255:
2242:
2238:Paijan point
2234:
2225:
2210:
2199:
2174:
2171:
2145:
2068:
2052:
2034:
1845:
1756:
1653:
1616:
1612:
1601:
1521:Lance point
1438:
1301:
1062:
927:
688:
627:
589:Analysis of
588:
571:
556:
554:ground sloth
548:
537:
527:
523:
520:
513:
505:
485:
466:
452:
440:
431:
419:
403:
395:
378:
370:
362:
353:
344:
335:
327:
316:
313:Stratigraphy
307:conglomerate
298:
284:
271:arrow points
264:
234:
231:
227:
226:
7201:New Zealand
7025:Gwion Gwion
6894:Trail Creek
6819:Meadowcroft
6779:Last Supper
6709:Daugherty's
6571:Las Flechas
6356:Rei do Mato
6080:Other caves
6064:Rising Star
6039:Makapansgat
6004:Bolt's Farm
5821:Njoro River
5664:Teshik-Tash
5659:Obi-Rakhmat
5643:Yarımburgaz
5543:Lapuz Lapuz
5521:Philippines
5430:Nachcharini
5425:Ras El Kelb
5384:Tam Pa Ling
5379:Tham An Mah
5261:Nahal Hemar
5009:Zhoukoudian
4984:Guanyindong
4958:Laang Spean
4880:Darra-e Kur
4873:Afghanistan
4819:Portbraddon
4809:Marble Arch
4722:Wildkirchli
4710:Switzerland
4646:Other caves
4619:Ojo Guareña
4599:Maltravieso
4594:Los Casares
4569:Siega Verde
4534:Los Aviones
4529:Santimamiñe
4503:Las Monedas
4496:El Castillo
4403:Čertova pec
4351:Mezmaiskaya
4259:Lagar Velho
4191:Cocev Kamen
4070:Balzi Rossi
3910:Other caves
3899:Sirgenstein
3828:Le Moustier
3818:Fontbrégoua
3778:Bonne-Femme
3758:Other caves
3477:Aetokremnos
3420:Utroba Cave
3326:Claminforge
3323:Belle-Roche
2221:Monte Verde
1332:Unfinished
967:possibly 2
574:herbivorous
540:giant sloth
516:radiocarbon
318:Junius Bird
289:, near the
267:Junius Bird
213:; John Fell
211:Junius Bird
162: /
138:Coordinates
7328:Categories
7313:Speleology
7130:Wellington
7085:Naracoorte
7070:Mudgegonga
7055:Madjedbebe
7020:Gabarnmung
6960:Ballawinne
6950:Abrakurrie
6849:Pictograph
6627:Qillqatani
6622:Pikimachay
6617:Guitarrero
6612:Chivateros
6591:Oxtotitlán
6444:Tequendama
6154:Wonderwerk
6134:Nelson Bay
6114:Elands Bay
6074:Swartkrans
6019:Gladysvale
5966:Somaliland
5913:Mozambique
5853:Haua Fteah
5652:Uzbekistan
5317:Minatogawa
5312:Kosegasawa
5266:Nahal Oren
5210:Hazar Merd
5179:Qaleh Bozi
5164:Do-Ashkaft
5061:Satsurblia
5028:East Timor
4905:Azerbaijan
4794:Kendrick's
4759:Bontnewydd
4681:Don Gaspar
4634:Praileaitz
4589:Las Caldas
4507:La Pasiega
4434:Divje Babe
4356:Okladnikov
4341:Ignatievka
4264:Pala Pinta
4173:Għar Dalam
4150:Luxembourg
4125:St Brelade
4107:Villabruna
4018:Stravomyti
4008:Megalakkos
3993:Eileithyia
3978:Alepotrypa
3889:Hohle Fels
3775:Balauzière
3731:Pech Merle
3639:Rouffignac
3613:La Micoque
3595:Cro-Magnon
3554:Bara Bahau
3498:Býčí skála
3446:Vela Spila
3405:Devetashka
3400:Bacho Kiro
2419:Bird, 1988
2287:References
2069:Bone tools
674:Layer III
646:bone tools
552:) and the
496:Patagonian
428:Period III
406:bone tools
384:Chronology
228:Cueva Fell
202:Site notes
102:Río Chico
20:Cueva Fell
7279:Nanumanga
7263:Falemauga
7174:Makauwahi
6943:Australia
6899:Trinchera
6774:La Grange
6744:Gatecliff
6739:Franktown
6734:Fort Rock
6714:Dry Creek
6632:Toquepala
6596:Sac Actun
6586:Ox Bel Ha
6576:Frightful
6561:Coxcatlan
6540:Long Mile
6294:Quadiriki
6271:Argentina
6109:Diepkloof
6094:Boomplaas
6049:Minnaar's
6034:Kromdraai
5983:Laas Geel
5978:Dhaymoole
5973:Dhambalin
5936:Apollo 11
5837:Liphofung
5763:Shum Laka
5726:Gueldaman
5680:Con Moong
5557:Sri Lanka
5504:Palestine
5478:Padah-Lin
5415:Ksar Akil
5347:Yamashita
5332:Pinza-Abu
5138:Pettakere
5133:Liang Bua
5116:Indonesia
5102:Pahargarh
5087:Bhimbetka
5045:Lene Hara
5035:Jerimalai
5014:Zengpiyan
5004:Yuchanyan
4804:Long Hole
4701:del Valle
4676:dels Bous
4629:la Pileta
4564:Atapuerca
4479:Covalanas
4377:Pešturina
4305:Muierilor
4295:Coliboaia
4207:Svarthola
4023:Theopetra
4013:Petralona
3998:Franchthi
3988:Asphendou
3944:Gibraltar
3914:Baumann's
3904:Vogelherd
3879:Bockstein
3858:Vallonnet
3853:Rochereil
3843:Raymonden
3833:Noisetier
3785:Bruniquel
3706:Marsoulas
3696:Lombrives
3691:La Marche
3617:La Mouthe
3583:Abri Audi
3561:Cap Blanc
3503:Koněprusy
3493:Amatérská
3461:Veternica
3410:Kozarnika
3384:Ledenjača
3308:Tischofer
3298:Lurgrotte
2955:162353211
2810:162317721
2794:0002-7316
2682:March 12,
2659:March 12,
2316:March 11,
2245:megafauna
1892:2 points
1742:Fishtail
1639:Category
1145:2 points
677:Layer IV
671:Layer II
662:Category
613:Artifacts
473:heathland
437:Period II
416:Period IV
350:Layer III
303:sandstone
295:Argentine
243:Patagonia
196:Neolithic
128:Patagonia
7120:Warratyi
7105:Tarragal
7095:Nunamira
7080:Murujuga
7045:Kutikina
7040:Koonalda
7035:Koongine
6995:Cliefden
6990:Cave Bay
6889:Tomaquag
6874:Sisyphus
6804:Mantle's
6794:Lovelock
6789:LoDaisKa
6769:Humboldt
6653:Werehpai
6646:Suriname
6556:Chan Hol
6475:Centella
6465:Ambrosio
6417:Colombia
6382:Bluefish
6226:Zimbabwe
6163:Tanzania
6149:Stadsaal
6054:Motsetsi
6024:Gondolin
6014:Drimolen
6009:Cooper's
5904:Taforalt
5874:Hercules
5800:Swimmers
5772:DR Congo
5756:Cameroon
5735:Botswana
5605:Tham Lod
5595:Pha Taem
5588:Thailand
5569:Belilena
5487:Pakistan
5455:Mongolia
5439:Malaysia
5400:Antelias
5342:Tobayama
5296:Zuttiyeh
5215:Shanidar
5077:Ambadevi
4994:Tianyuan
4974:Baishiya
4951:Cambodia
4691:El Mirón
4686:Guanches
4661:Armintxe
4579:Bacinete
4524:Altxerri
4513:El Pendo
4483:La Garma
4465:Altamira
4422:Slovenia
4413:Jasovská
4396:Slovakia
4382:Risovača
4336:Denisova
4300:Cuciulat
4254:Furninha
4249:Escoural
4237:Portugal
4228:Paradise
4223:Obłazowa
4157:Loschbur
4097:Paglicci
4080:Corbeddu
3962:Vanguard
3957:Gorham's
3838:La Quina
3781:Bouillon
3768:Aurignac
3572:Reverdit
3557:Bernifal
3436:Grapčeva
3393:Bulgaria
3353:Scladina
3340:Naulette
3303:Salzofen
3184:23205379
3176:17322060
3168:20039062
2984:38851483
2947:25800613
2895:25801146
2866:87160252
2271:Lago Ana
2265:See also
1846:Scrapers
1063:Scrapers
958:3-sided
680:Layer V
668:Layer I
638:scrapers
542:and the
449:Period I
400:Period V
359:Layer IV
341:Layer II
293:and the
185:Holocene
118:Gallegos
110:Location
7231:Chugai'
7213:Ruakuri
7148:Gadao's
7125:Warreen
7060:Mammoth
7030:Jenolan
6975:Blanche
6955:Acheron
6932:Oceania
6904:Ventana
6884:Tainter
6859:Russell
6844:Pendejo
6839:Paisley
6799:Mammoth
6719:Durango
6679:Bonfire
6533:Jamaica
6500:Curaçao
6439:Sáchica
6424:El Abra
6408:Milodón
6351:Peruaçu
6341:Maquiné
6233:Bambata
6212:Kalemba
6084:Blombos
6029:Haasgat
5950:Nigeria
5929:Namibia
5867:Morocco
5830:Lesotho
5742:Tsodilo
5719:Algeria
5673:Vietnam
5633:Belbaşı
5619:Dzhebel
5574:Fa Hien
5533:Kalanay
5494:Sanghao
5471:Myanmar
5410:Kaukaba
5393:Lebanon
5281:Raqefet
5251:Misliya
5236:HaYonim
5184:Warwasi
5159:Darband
5154:Bisitun
5123:Harimau
5097:Gudiyam
5092:Edakkal
5054:Georgia
4999:Xianren
4927:Damjili
4922:Buzeyir
4896:Areni-1
4889:Armenia
4814:Oldbury
4779:Gough's
4764:Cathole
4738:Verteba
4731:Ukraine
4288:Romania
4279:Salemas
4244:Aroeira
4075:Cavallo
4060:Addaura
4039:Baradla
4032:Hungary
3983:Apidima
3867:Germany
3823:Lazaret
3751:Villars
3671:Cosquer
3651:Chauvet
3629:Lascaux
3527:Finland
3451:Vindija
3441:Krapina
3429:Croatia
3349:Ramioul
3317:Belgium
3293:Gudenus
3281:Austria
3148:Science
2858:3631277
1990:Hafted
1817:3-edge
1761:Hafted
1642:Area D
1575:Totals
607:falcons
558:Mylodon
524:Festuca
488:stadial
467:In the
463:Climate
458:Ecology
410:guanaco
375:Layer V
332:Layer I
324:Surface
275:shelter
192:Periods
180:Founded
175:History
150:70°03′W
147:52°02′S
104:shelter
7272:Tuvalu
7208:Moncks
7192:Pindai
7167:Hawaii
7158:Talagi
7153:Mahlac
7015:Fossil
7000:Cloggs
6985:Burrup
6864:Sandia
6809:Marmes
6754:Hidden
6749:Graham
6704:Danger
6689:Burnet
6549:Mexico
6524:Pomier
6485:Patana
6470:Calero
6449:Tibitó
6375:Canada
6336:Gentio
6329:Brazil
6303:Belize
6217:Mumbwa
6205:Zambia
6189:Uganda
6170:Kondoa
6144:Sibudu
6089:Border
6044:Malapa
5920:Ngalue
5795:Beasts
5779:Matupi
5708:Africa
5638:Karain
5626:Turkey
5600:Spirit
5538:Minori
5528:Callao
5512:Shuqba
5356:Jordan
5327:Ōzakai
5322:Muroya
5271:Qafzeh
5241:Kebara
5224:Israel
5194:Yafteh
5189:Wezmeh
5019:Zhiren
4932:Tağlar
4834:Thor's
4769:Coygan
4717:Bichon
4671:Bedmar
4639:Sidrón
4475:Chufín
4408:Domica
4365:Serbia
4319:Russia
4216:Poland
4200:Norway
4134:Kosovo
4117:Jersey
4102:Romito
4044:Szelim
4003:Kleidi
3971:Greece
3676:Cussac
3666:Gargas
3621:Pataud
3543:France
3513:Mladeč
3470:Cyprus
3415:Magura
3379:Badanj
3372:Bosnia
3270:Europe
3194:. In:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3114:
3057:
3038:
3018:
2999:
2982:
2953:
2945:
2910:
2893:
2864:
2856:
2825:
2808:
2802:278152
2800:
2792:
2018:Blank
1757:Knives
1714:Spear
1654:Points
1648:Total
1636:Group
1619:points
928:Knives
683:Total
659:Group
634:knives
591:canine
494:, the
481:steppe
251:UNESCO
232:Fell's
183:Early
124:Region
7256:Samoa
7110:Ubirr
7100:ORS 7
6869:Shoup
6829:Mummy
6824:Modoc
6814:Martz
6764:Hogup
6674:Baker
6490:Pluma
6396:Chile
6361:Santo
6287:Aruba
6256:North
6196:Nyero
6180:Mumba
6104:Cango
5846:Libya
5809:Kenya
5788:Egypt
5685:Ngườm
5548:Tabon
5405:Jeita
5305:Japan
5291:Tabun
5286:Skhul
5276:Qesem
5246:Manot
5107:Tikla
5082:Belum
5070:India
5040:Laili
4989:Luobi
4979:Fuyan
4967:China
4942:Gazma
4917:Azykh
4912:Allar
4799:Kents
4666:Axlor
4656:Antón
4651:Ángel
4609:Nerja
4547:Araña
4453:Spain
4444:Potok
4439:Pekel
4429:Betal
4166:Malta
4091:Felci
4053:Italy
3934:Ofnet
3794:Cauna
3790:Calès
3763:Arago
3741:Renne
3721:Niaux
3518:Šipka
3508:Kůlna
3335:Goyet
3330:Engis
3180:S2CID
3164:JSTOR
2980:S2CID
2951:S2CID
2943:JSTOR
2891:JSTOR
2862:S2CID
2854:JSTOR
2806:S2CID
2798:JSTOR
2146:Total
2053:Bolas
2035:Cores
1623:cores
1547:Bead
1302:Bolas
642:bolas
603:hawks
563:llama
544:horse
528:Stipa
477:xeric
422:bolas
287:Chile
132:Chile
114:Chico
7299:Cave
7247:Kilu
7140:Guam
6980:Bone
6784:Levi
6724:Dust
6605:Peru
6508:Hato
6480:Cura
6458:Cuba
6403:Fell
6258:and
6175:Bahi
5446:Niah
5372:Laos
5231:Amud
5203:Iraq
5147:Iran
4862:Asia
4829:Sand
4614:Niño
4310:Oase
4085:Deer
3813:Fées
3534:Wolf
3172:PMID
3112:ISBN
3055:ISBN
3036:ISBN
3016:ISBN
2997:ISBN
2908:ISBN
2823:ISBN
2790:ISSN
2684:2017
2661:2017
2318:2017
2156:415
2153:285
2150:130
1962:End
1859:129
1856:103
1596:511
1584:153
1581:141
1223:End
1088:202
605:and
526:and
501:taxa
443:awls
235:Cave
5957:Rop
4937:Zar
3772:Azé
3358:Spy
3156:doi
3152:315
3135:doi
3095:doi
3078:doi
3074:102
2972:doi
2935:doi
2883:doi
2846:doi
2782:doi
2013:11
1999:55
1996:23
1993:32
1971:11
1957:12
1954:12
1929:78
1926:47
1923:31
1873:15
1870:13
1853:26
1737:16
1734:16
1709:16
1593:63
1590:40
1587:86
1578:28
1464:18
1449:12
1270:99
1258:51
1255:26
1252:13
1192:11
1140:22
1128:11
1114:10
1085:26
1082:25
1079:36
1076:59
1073:45
1070:11
896:19
881:12
870:15
867:15
818:24
809:20
740:18
725:11
714:15
699:13
230:or
7330::
3178:.
3170:.
3162:.
3150:.
3129:.
3072:.
2978:.
2966:.
2949:.
2941:.
2929:.
2925:.
2889:.
2879:53
2877:.
2860:.
2852:.
2842:53
2840:.
2804:.
2796:.
2788:.
2778:35
2776:.
2749:^
2692:^
2590:^
2560:^
2447:^
2424:^
2412:^
2382:^
2364:^
2350:^
2338:^
2326:^
2138:1
2135:1
2132:-
2124:3
2121:3
2118:-
2110:2
2107:1
2104:1
2096:3
2093:3
2090:-
2082:3
2079:1
2076:2
2063:4
2060:3
2057:1
2045:5
2042:4
2039:1
2027:9
2024:9
2021:-
2010:9
2007:2
1985:1
1982:-
1979:1
1968:8
1965:3
1951:-
1943:5
1940:5
1937:-
1915:5
1912:4
1909:1
1901:1
1898:-
1895:1
1887:2
1884:1
1881:1
1867:2
1840:3
1837:2
1834:1
1826:2
1823:2
1820:-
1812:5
1809:3
1806:2
1798:1
1795:1
1792:-
1784:2
1781:2
1778:-
1770:1
1767:-
1764:1
1751:1
1748:1
1745:-
1731:-
1723:2
1720:1
1717:1
1706:9
1703:7
1695:1
1692:-
1689:1
1681:1
1678:-
1675:1
1667:9
1664:-
1661:9
1568:1
1565:-
1562:-
1559:-
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1553:1
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1536:1
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1327:1
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1312:1
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1296:8
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1290:1
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1267:-
1264:-
1261:9
1244:6
1241:6
1238:-
1235:-
1232:-
1229:-
1226:-
1218:2
1215:1
1212:-
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1206:-
1203:1
1200:-
1189:6
1186:2
1183:2
1180:1
1177:-
1174:-
1166:2
1163:2
1160:-
1157:-
1154:-
1151:-
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1137:-
1134:6
1131:1
1125:4
1122:-
1111:1
1108:2
1105:-
1102:2
1099:2
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1028:3
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864:-
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826:-
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812:2
806:2
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800:-
792:1
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783:-
780:-
777:1
774:-
766:3
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757:1
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751:2
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187:,
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