274:, but nonetheless most of the damage was done by fire and not directly by the explosive blasts. 3,330 non-residential buildings were destroyed, 2,090 seriously damaged and 7,420 lightly damaged, making a total of 12,840 buildings of which 2,560 were industrial or commercial buildings. Among the buildings classed as totally destroyed were: 7 official administration buildings, 14 public buildings, 7 banks, 9 hospitals, 17 churches, 16 schools, 4 university buildings, 10 postal and railway buildings, 10 buildings of historic interest, 2 newspaper offices, 4 hotels, 2 cinemas and 6 department stores. The only military installation damaged was the flak barracks. The damage to civilian homes, most of them apartments in larger buildings, was considerable: 13,010 destroyed, 6,360 seriously damaged, 22,270 lightly damaged. The devastation was recorded by
235:), and how many would be lost through collisions. Minimising the former demanded a densely packed stream, as the controllers of a night fighter flying a defensive 'box' could only direct a maximum of six potential interceptions per hour, and the flak gunners could not concentrate on all the available targets at once. Earlier in the war four hours had been considered acceptable for a mission; for this raid all the bombers passed over Cologne and bombed in a window of 90 minutes, with the first having arrived at 00:47 of 31 May. It was anticipated that the concentration of bombing over such a short period would overwhelm the Cologne
255:
74:
499:
459:
207:
19:
63:
1790:" was made from a M34-2000lb bomb fixed to a 12-foot span glider unit and attached to a B-17 underwing shackle." Two could be carried per plane. "Essentially free fall, the bomb had a stabilizing device that allowed control of direction. The bomb proved to be unreliable on the only occasion it was used on Cologne in April 1944."
176:. Harris scrambled around and, by crewing 49 more aircraft with pupil pilots and instructors, 1,047 bombers eventually took part in the raid, two and a half times more than any previous raid by the RAF. 58 bombers were from Polish units. In addition to the bombers attacking Cologne, 113 other aircraft on "
1619:
Mission 681: 1,338 bombers and 811 fighters are dispatched on PFF attacks in the
Cologne, Germany area; 465 B-17s are dispatched to hit marshalling yards at Cologne/Eifeltor (216) and Cologne/Gremberg (34); the targets of opportunity were Cologne/Kalk marshalling yard (151), 453 B-17s are dispatched
230:
system, keeping the number of bombers shot down to an acceptable proportion. The recent introduction of GEE allowed the bombers to fly a given route at a given time and height. The
British night bombing campaign had been in operation for some months, and a statistical estimate could be made of the
222:" tactic was used and most of the tactics used in this raid remained the basis for standard Bomber Command operations for the next two years, with some elements remained in use until the end of the war. It was expected that such a large number of bombers flying in a bomber stream through the
588:
135 aircraft involved in the raid. The raid killed 62 and injured a further 84. 237 separate fires were started and the RAF estimated the raid to be five times more effective than average of recent raids on
Cologne. This is considered to be the first successful
1055:
tactic in single engined fighters for the first time. The German fighters, taking advantage of the illumination from searchlights, target indicator flares and fires claimed that they shot down 12 aircraft, but had to share their claims with the
820:, two Mosquitoes damaged 55 houses, killing 5 people and 22 injured. This showed that, using electronic aids, a few bombers were able to inflict as much damage as 100-bomber raids in poor weather in the previous years.
4988:
4993:
285:
The RAF lost 43 aircraft (German sources claimed 44) 3.9% of the 1,103 bombers sent on the raid; 22 aircraft were lost over or near
Cologne, 16 shot down by flak, four by night fighters, two in a collision, and two
53:
While air raid alarms had gone off in the winter/spring of 1940 as
British bombers passed overhead, the first bombing took place on 12 May 1940. The 30/31 May 1942 attack on Cologne was the first 1,000 bomber raid.
1762:
Although produced to a specification for a "medium bomber", the
Manchester used two powerful engines and was closer to a heavy bomber. The design was developed with four engines to replace the two and became the
270:. Two and a half thousand separate fires were started with 1,700 classed by the German fire brigades as "large". The action of fire fighters and the width of the streets stopped the fires combining into a
1652:
In the last RAF raid on
Cologne, 858 aircraft bomb in two waves. Only 15 of the 155 aircraft in the second wave dropped their bombs. A daylight raid in good weather, the bombing was "highly destructive".
116:'s concept of a Strategic Bombing Offensive. Bomber Command's poor performance in bombing accuracy during 1941 had led to calls for the force to be split up and diverted to other urgent theatres e.g. the
639:
97 aircraft (76 Wellingtons, 19 Stirlings, 2 Halifaxes). 6 Wellingtons and 1 Halifax lost. "Considerable number of bombs" landed outside city to east. "150 hectares of the
Tannenwald destroyed by fire"
4983:
1781:
Sending bombers to several different locations was intended to confuse the German defences and so helped to make it more difficult for the defenders to direct fighters onto the main attack.
1550:
6 Mosquitoes on a diversionary raid, part of a night when the RAF made four substantial attacks and a number of small raids like that on
Cologne. They attacked the synthetic oil plants at
611:
263 aircraft. 179 Wellingtons, 44 Hampdens, 29 Stirlings, and 11 Manchesters against
Humboldt works. 4 Wellingtons and 1 Hampden lost. Bombing photographs showed five miles from target.
4919:
3401:
1519:
34 Mosquitoes on diversions to Aachen, Cologne and Kassel, all returned to base, (but the main raid to Nuremberg resulted in the biggest Bomber Command loss of the war).
266:
In the raid, 868 aircraft bombed the main target with 15 aircraft bombing other targets. The total tonnage of bombs dropped was 1,455 tons with two-thirds of that being
4998:
2814:
128:
At this stage of the war Bomber Command only had a regular front line strength of around 400 aircraft, and were in the process of transitioning from the twin engined
5013:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
50:(RAF). A total of 34,711 long tons of bombs were dropped on the city by the RAF. 20,000 civilians died during the war in Cologne due to aerial bombardments.
4861:
2884:
3394:
5003:
3342:
149:
2102:
3796:
2951:
1330:
8 Mosquitoes attacked Cologne and Gelsenkirchen on nuisance raids. These were the only Bomber Command sorties of the night. No Mosquitoes were lost.
1847:
2120:
3387:
4463:
1966:
1891:
3691:
625:
69 aircraft (64 Wellingtons and 5 Stirlings) on experimental raid. All aircraft were using Gee as blind-bombing aid. Two Wellingtons lost.
2835:
2777:
2755:
2644:
2592:
2561:
2539:
2506:
2469:
2426:
2393:
2366:
2350:
2323:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
1344:
8 Mosquitoes to Cologne and Gelsenkirchen on diversionary raids. The main raid was to Munich. No aircraft lost on the diversionary raids.
4914:
4147:
1949:
Mr Justice Singleton concluded that Germany would not be able to "stand 12 or 18 months' continued, intensified and increased bombing..."
97:
It was expected that the devastation from such raids might be enough to knock Germany out of the war or at least severely damage German
4046:
3901:
3706:
2946:
191:. Poor weather made Hamburg a poor choice; in addition, Harris was advised by Basil Dickins, a scientist who was section head of RAF's
3426:
4711:
4626:
3906:
2877:
3851:
3781:
3575:
3077:
2956:
1708:– German air raids on British cities in which at least 40,000 died, including 57 consecutive nights of air raids just over London
3676:
3641:
3626:
3916:
4681:
3831:
3746:
3741:
3410:
3017:
1997:
1926:
1064:
losses, anti-aircraft batteries restricted the height of their flak and the fighters operated above that pre-agreed ceiling.
35:
2298:
2274:
2222:
1772:
Nuisance raids forced the population into air raid shelters and activated other defence measures at little cost to the RAF.
4770:
4728:
4621:
4616:
4601:
4406:
4194:
3886:
3856:
3836:
3751:
3666:
3595:
3027:
3791:
1407:
Mission 163: 1 B-17 dropped two 2,000-pound (907 kF) general-purpose bombs and 1 Photoflash at 2020 hours; no casualties.
1390:
28 Mosquitoes to Berlin, Cologne, Brauweiler and Emden. 2 Mosquitoes were lost. The main raid of the night was to Leipzig
862:
6 Mosquitoes to the Ruhr in a diversionary raid (the main attack was against Nuremberg), 13 people were killed in Cologne
654:
868 aircraft bombed Cologne during the first 1000 bomber raid (1,047 aircraft), laden with over 3,000 tonnes of ordnance.
4706:
4686:
4445:
4411:
4001:
3961:
3811:
3616:
3570:
2870:
510:
470:
4909:
4828:
4666:
4521:
4112:
4086:
4066:
4036:
4031:
4006:
3976:
3956:
3786:
3736:
3726:
3696:
3681:
3497:
3353:
3032:
3012:
1722:
4636:
4661:
4596:
4481:
4475:
4433:
4173:
4021:
3941:
3826:
3771:
3646:
3631:
3022:
2826:
2024:
746:
4 Mosquitoes to Germany on nuisance raids, one of them to Cologne, three complete their mission and bomb. One lost.
4695:
4591:
4469:
4225:
4215:
4096:
4076:
4026:
4016:
3991:
3896:
3801:
3731:
3580:
3492:
3456:
2910:
1733:
259:
1805:
Dates such as 5/6 April indicate a night raid, the mission starting on the first date and ending the following day
4631:
4611:
4439:
4056:
4041:
3002:
2961:
690:
Two aircraft. Conditions were cloudy over Cologne so no bombing was undertaken. Both aircraft returned to base.
4840:
3891:
2614:
1505:
4 Mosquitoes on a diversionary nuisance raid, all returned to base (main raids Vaires, near Paris, and Lyons).
227:
788:
1 Mosquito on a nuisance raid, bomb through cloud and return to base, no record of the bombing on the ground.
124:
that given the investment in numbers and technology Bomber Command could make a vital contribution to victory.
4924:
4721:
3513:
3337:
3250:
4394:
4132:
2977:
2987:
1274:
5 Mosquitoes equipped with Oboe with another 5 to Duisburg, in a nuisance raids. No Mosquitoes were lost.
4765:
4152:
4142:
3518:
3146:
3037:
1717:
371:
168:
perceived the propaganda justifications too weak an argument against the real and pressing threat of the
1855:
4516:
4399:
3360:
3069:
1579:
1190:
8 Mosquitoes to Cologne and Duisburg, the only sorties over Germany that night. All 8 returned to base
3721:
1935:
4978:
3636:
2997:
1869:
1232:
4 Mosquitoes equipped with Oboe, with another 4 to Duisburg, in a nuisance raids. One Mosquito lost.
2862:
254:
4220:
3332:
1834:
4081:
3911:
1895:
1714:– Air raids on English cities of cultural/historical importance, rather than military significance
4846:
4051:
3966:
3528:
3255:
1057:
160:, Harris could easily make up the 1,000 aircraft. However, just before the raid took place, the
4938:
4812:
4807:
4544:
3431:
3162:
2982:
2915:
173:
117:
39:
3621:
262:
at Cologne old market photographed by Hermann Claasen (c. 1946–47); it has since been rebuilt
5008:
4953:
4451:
4230:
3841:
3126:
2014:
1421:
1 Mosquito on a diversionary nuisance raid and returned safely to base (main raid to Berlin)
669:
232:
177:
86:
3936:
3761:
3716:
1134:
Two Mosquitoes on a diversionary raid drop target indicators (the main raid was on Aachen).
4539:
4199:
4127:
3986:
3871:
3347:
3111:
3106:
2925:
673:
400:
363:
157:
141:
81:
is clearly visible. It survived the war, despite being hit dozens of times by Allied bombs.
4178:
3661:
3585:
1837:
at www.koelnarchitektur.de "Internet portal for the architecture of Cologne". (In German).
1176:
5 Mosquitoes Cologne and Duisburg through cloud, the only sorties of the night. No losses
8:
4676:
4570:
4137:
3821:
3701:
3053:
1727:
1573:
1404:
196:
153:
66:
3951:
3846:
3806:
3766:
3379:
2124:
4834:
4701:
4646:
4606:
4554:
4168:
3545:
3367:
3182:
3141:
3101:
3061:
2992:
1046:
327:
120:. A headline-grabbing heavy raid on Germany was a way for Harris to demonstrate to the
109:
4427:
3876:
3565:
1562:, railway junctions at Aulnoye and Revigny and a flying-bomb launching site at Acque.
1463:
8 Mosquitoes on a diversionary nuisance raid, all returned to base (main raid Amiens)
4791:
4716:
4656:
4651:
4575:
4549:
4457:
4368:
4283:
4248:
3981:
3476:
3441:
3311:
3207:
3177:
2822:
2085:
2058:
2020:
1993:
1974:
1922:
1359:
817:
278:
from 1942 until the end of the war, and presented in his exhibition and book of 1947
165:
78:
4091:
4071:
4011:
3971:
3861:
3590:
231:
number of bombers likely to be lost to enemy night fighters and anti-aircraft guns (
4786:
4691:
4671:
4353:
4343:
4278:
4117:
3996:
3946:
3866:
3711:
3651:
3471:
3421:
3316:
3301:
3260:
3235:
3219:
3192:
3172:
3136:
3096:
2726:
1614:
1583:
1533:
1302:
8 Mosquitoes to Cologne and Düsseldorf on nuisance raids. No Mosquitoes were lost.
590:
287:
200:
3881:
3671:
3555:
4641:
4363:
4333:
4303:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3265:
3197:
3121:
2843:
2785:
2763:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2672:
2652:
2600:
2569:
2547:
2514:
2477:
2434:
2401:
2331:
1680:
594:
394:
382:
357:
338:
321:
299:
275:
267:
47:
4122:
4061:
3776:
3686:
3656:
963:
Six Mosquitoes to Cologne, Duisburg and Düsseldorf (the main attack was against
4744:
4511:
4358:
4318:
4308:
4288:
4253:
3816:
3202:
3187:
3131:
3116:
3007:
1711:
388:
346:
291:
223:
214:
display from the 30/31 October 1944 Cologne attack with post-attack annotations
192:
145:
137:
3756:
89:
by the RAF was conducted on Cologne on the night of 30/31 May 1942. Codenamed
73:
4972:
4373:
4348:
4298:
4293:
4273:
3240:
3214:
2941:
2089:
1559:
1555:
1061:
295:
219:
181:
129:
113:
3611:
904:
164:
refused to allow the Coastal Command aircraft to take part in the raid. The
4313:
4263:
2803:
236:
133:
43:
27:
4989:
Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
2857:
4994:
Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United States
4496:
4328:
3523:
3245:
3167:
2905:
2041:
1814:
The VIII Bomber Command had been redesignated as the US Eighth Air Force.
1260:
8 Mosquitoes were sent to Cologne and Duisburg. No Mosquitoes were lost.
903:
One Mosquito as part of a diversionary raid (the main attack was against
121:
77:
Official British war art imagining a bombing raid on Cologne. The city's
1620:
to hit marshalling yards at Cologne/Gereon (295) and Cologne/Kalk (142)
1041:
653 aircraft attacked Cologne's industrial area on the east bank of the
774:
2 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid, bomb through cloud and return to base.
498:
458:
4323:
4268:
1591:
964:
290:
light bombers lost in attacks on night fighter airfields. A posthumous
161:
105:
2043:
Gesang im feuerofen : Köln; überreste einer alten deutschen stadt
982:
574:
39 aircraft encountered ice and cloud, poor bombing results reported.
206:
4338:
4258:
3446:
3436:
2920:
2892:
1705:
1635:
1551:
1376:
4 Mosquitoes to Cologne on a nuisance raid. No Mosquitoes were lost.
1316:
4 Mosquitoes to Cologne on a nuisance raid. No Mosquitoes were lost.
1051:
981:
Four Mosquitoes as a diversionary raid, (the main attack was against
271:
248:
244:
211:
2622:
1246:
8 Mosquitoes were sent to Cologne and Duisburg. No Mosquitoes lost.
2016:
The Science of Bombing: Operational Research in RAF Bomber Command
1967:"The Thousand Bomber raids, 30/31 May (Cologne) to 17 August 1942"
1148:
3 Mosquitoes on a diversionary raid (the main raid was on Essen).
2742:
The Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat Chronology, 1941-1945
188:
169:
62:
31:
1992:(in Polish). Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma-Press. p. 67.
4984:
Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving Germany
1587:
732:
Single Mosquito on a nuisance raid, bombs and returns to base.
240:
98:
949:
Two Mosquitoes bombed Cologne, one of several nuisance raids.
132:
of the pre-war years to the newer more effective four-engined
1042:
18:
2744:. Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center. p. 475.
1730:– German/Italian air raid that sparked international outrage
2069:– via German Propaganda Archive at Calvin University.
199:, to choose Cologne, which was within range for use of the
1288:
5 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid. No Mosquitoes were lost.
921:
2 Mosquitoes bombed Cologne one of several nuisance raid.
760:
1 Mosquito on a nuisance raid, bombs and returns to base.
3409:
1667:
A single B-17 bombed Cologne as a target of opportunity.
187:
Cologne was not Harris's first choice; he wanted to bomb
93:, the massive raid was launched for two primary reasons:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
1435:
2 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid, both returned to base.
280:
Singing in the furnace. Cologne – Remains of an old city
1449:
3 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid, all returned to base.
239:
and cause conflagrations similar to those inflicted on
2492:
2449:
2408:
2371:
2121:"Campaign Diary The Battle of France (May–June 1940)"
298:
who sacrificed himself so his crew could abandon the
1683:
fighters dropped leaflets in the Cologne-Bonn area.
1491:
27 Mosquitoes bombed Cologne, all returned to base.
1477:
28 Mosquitoes bombed Cologne, all returned to base.
1609:
2080:Facon, Patrick (May 2012), "Opération Millénium",
1961:
1959:
1957:
704:2 Mosquitoes in a nuisance and diversionary raid.
4999:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
2893:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War
1586:attacks were made on Cologne marshaling yards at
1162:5 Mosquitoes Cologne and Duisburg through cloud.
4970:
2840:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
1954:
1828:
2834:
2186:
1362:power-station near Cologne. No aircraft lost.
3395:
2878:
2739:
2534:
2532:
2361:
2359:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2056:
2846:on 6 July 2007 – via National Archives
2576:
2039:
1854:. 9 August 1945. p. 154. Archived from
1740:firebombing raid on Tokyo on 9/10 March 1945
1358:12 Mosquitoes equipped with Oboe bombed the
2666:
2664:
2662:
1937:The Bomber Command Offensive: Army, Part 11
226:would overwhelm the German night fighters'
3402:
3388:
3343:Air operations during the Battle of Europe
2885:
2871:
2554:
2529:
2356:
2338:
1933:
57:
5014:Germany–United Kingdom military relations
5004:World War II strategic bombing of Germany
4627:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2040:Claasen, Hermann; Hoyer, Franz A (1949),
816:This was the first raid on Cologne using
2659:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
1060:who also claimed the downings. To avoid
560:Six Wellingtons bomb the railway yards.
253:
205:
72:
61:
17:
4737:
2316:
2084:(in French), no. 510, p. 43,
2012:
4971:
2813:
2802:
2006:
1987:
1916:
3411:Strategic bombing during World War II
3383:
3338:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
2866:
2808:On the Natural History of Destruction
2740:Mueller, Robert; Carter, Kit (1975).
2131:
2079:
1590:, Gremberg, and Eifeltor; as well as
1536:Failed deployment of GB-1 Glide Bomb
1027:Three Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid.
999:Three Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid.
818:"Oboe" blind bombing radio navigation
315:
312:
310:
4504:
3333:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom
2670:
493:
453:
424:No. 92 (Operational Training) Group
411:No. 91 (Operational Training) Group
108:for the Allies and particularly for
4946:
2998:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)
2842:, RAF, 6 April 2005, archived from
1580:a round-the-clock bombing operation
449:
13:
3354:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command
2819:The Military Atlas of World War II
2349:RAF Bomber Command Campaign Diary
1921:. Atlantic Books Ltd. p. 24.
1917:Bishop, Patrick (1 October 2012).
1835:Stadtlandschaften versus Hochstadt
1723:Bombing of Dresden in World War II
1693:American troops captured Cologne.
218:This was the first time that the "
14:
5025:
2851:
1218:8 Mosquitoes in a nuisance raid.
1204:4 Mosquitoes in a nuisance raid.
1106:4 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid.
1092:4 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid.
1078:4 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid.
718:3 Mosquitoes in a nuisance raid.
2983:Area bombing of cities (1942–43)
2858:Pictures of bomb-damaged Cologne
2013:Wakelam, Randall Thomas (2009).
1919:Wings: The RAF at War, 1912–2012
1734:Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945)
497:
457:
148:. By using bombers and men from
2911:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945
2836:"Bomber Command Campaign Diary"
2782:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2770:
2760:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2748:
2733:
2719:
2673:"8th Air Force 1944 Chronicles"
2649:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2637:
2607:
2597:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2566:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2544:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2511:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2474:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2470:"Campaign Diary September 1943"
2431:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2398:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2328:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2113:
2107:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2095:
2073:
2061:[The Attack on Cologne]
2050:
1971:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
1808:
1799:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1756:
2756:"Campaign Diary February 1945"
2562:"Campaign Diary February 1944"
2507:"Campaign Diary: October 1943"
2109:– via National Archives.
2033:
2019:. U of Toronto P. p. 86.
1990:301 Dywizjon Bombowy 1940–1943
1981:
1910:
1884:
1862:
1840:
1681:9th Tactical US Army Air Force
294:was awarded to Flying Officer
228:ground-controlled interception
1:
2916:Area Bombing Directive (1942)
2796:
2540:"Campaign Diary January 1944"
2427:"Campaign Diary: August 1943"
1934:Terry Copp (September 1996),
2057:Winkelnkemper, Toni (1942).
1594:35 km outside Cologne.
7:
2926:Casablanca directive (1943)
2821:, Amber Books, p. 30,
2778:"Campaign Diary March 1945"
2593:"Campaign Diary March 1944"
2394:"Campaign Diary: July 1943"
1718:German bombing of Rotterdam
1699:
1604:The 486 BG bombed Cologne.
593:led raid. The RAF lost one
529:
372:Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
34:was bombed in 262 separate
10:
5030:
3003:Battle of Berlin (1943–44)
2947:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann
2645:"Campaign Diary July 1944"
2059:"Der Großangriff auf Köln"
1638:trials. No aircraft lost.
668:Photo reconnaissance by 5
489:
150:Operational Training Units
4937:
4902:
4871:
4860:
4821:
4800:
4779:
4758:
4584:
4563:
4532:
4495:
4420:
4384:
4239:
4208:
4187:
4161:
4105:
3929:
3604:
3544:
3537:
3506:
3485:
3464:
3455:
3417:
3325:
3274:
3228:
3155:
3089:
3046:
2993:Battle of the Ruhr (1943)
2970:
2934:
2898:
1892:"Kriegserinnerungen 1940"
1578:Mission 677: As part of
539:
313:No. and type of aircraft
3427:Aerial bombing of cities
3317:Light Night Strike Force
1870:"Cologne Museum: NS-DOK"
1744:
437:Flying Training Command
180:" raids harassed German
22:A ruined Cologne in 1945
2046:( ed.), L. Schwann
1058:anti-aircraft batteries
670:de Havilland Mosquitoes
260:Great St. Martin Church
158:Flying Training Command
58:First 1,000 bomber raid
3432:Area bombing directive
2957:Sir Archibald Sinclair
2942:Arthur "Bomber" Harris
2921:Dehousing paper (1942)
2400:. 2005. Archived from
2330:. 2005. Archived from
2123:. 2005. Archived from
1988:Hodyra, Piotr (2016).
1973:. 2005. Archived from
1738:Operation Meetinghouse
263:
215:
174:Battle of the Atlantic
118:Battle of the Atlantic
104:The raids were useful
82:
70:
23:
3102:Boston (Douglas DB-7)
2988:U-boat pens (1943–44)
2978:Oil targets (1940-45)
2082:Le Fana de l'Aviation
1324:26/27 September 1943
1310:26/27 September 1943
1296:24/25 September 1943
1282:18/19 September 1943
1268:13/14 September 1943
1045:. A new German unit,
257:
209:
201:GEE navigation system
76:
65:
21:
3797:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
3529:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
3348:Defence of the Reich
1628:12/13 February 1945
870:26/27 February 1943
856:25/26 February 1943
842:14/15 February 1943
674:No. 105 Squadron RAF
568:13/14 February 1942
401:Handley Page Hampden
364:Handley Page Halifax
306:Resources committed
142:Handley Page Halifax
91:Operation Millennium
4872:Mandatory Palestine
3251:Intruder operations
3065:("Dambusters" raid)
2187:Campaign Diary 2005
1858:on 10 January 2015.
1728:Bombing of Guernica
1574:VIII Bomber Command
1405:VIII Bomber Command
1384:20/21 October 1943
1370:13/14 October 1943
1254:4/5 September 1943
810:22/23 January 1943
796:15/16 October 1942
684:31 May/1 June 1942
536:
316:Number of aircraft
307:
197:Operations research
154:RAF Coastal Command
67:Innenstadt, Cologne
4148:Rotterdam (Allied)
3368:Target for Tonight
2952:Sir Charles Portal
2906:Butt Report (1941)
2625:on 6 February 2012
1898:on 3 December 2012
1443:2/3 February 1944
1226:29/20 August 1943
1212:11/12 August 1943
1047:Jagdgeschwader 300
828:2/3 February 1943
534:
509:. You can help by
469:. You can help by
328:Vickers Wellington
305:
264:
216:
110:RAF Bomber Command
83:
71:
24:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4933:
4932:
4862:Mediterranean and
4856:
4855:
4754:
4753:
4491:
4490:
4264:Barrow-in-Furness
4249:Battle of Britain
3925:
3924:
3702:Freiburg (Allies)
3442:Strategic bombing
3377:
3376:
3312:No. 100 Group RAF
3057:(Friedrichshafen)
2727:"Missions 51-100"
2103:"Avro Manchester"
1999:978-83-7020-664-2
1928:978-1-84887-892-1
1848:"Target Analysis"
1697:
1696:
1513:29/30 March 1944
1499:29/30 March 1944
1485:21/22 March 1944
1471:17/18 March 1944
1457:16/17 March 1944
1429:4/5 January 1944
1415:1/2 January 1944
1398:22 December 1943
1352:3/4 October 1943
1338:2/3 October 1943
1240:1 September 1943
782:7 September 1942
768:2 September 1942
754:2 September 1942
633:27/28 April 1942
619:22/23 April 1942
582:13/14 March 1942
527:
526:
487:
486:
447:
446:
152:(OTUs), 250 from
87:1,000 bomber raid
5021:
4979:1940s in Cologne
4944:
4943:
4869:
4868:
4766:Allied Singapore
4735:
4734:
4502:
4501:
4460:(Czechoslovakia)
4143:Rotterdam (Axis)
3542:
3541:
3462:
3461:
3457:European theatre
3422:Area bombardment
3404:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3302:No. 6 Group RCAF
3236:Area bombardment
3220:Target indicator
3193:Blockbuster bomb
3008:Transport (1944)
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2847:
2831:
2810:
2790:
2789:
2784:. Archived from
2774:
2768:
2767:
2762:, archived from
2752:
2746:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2671:McKillop, Jack.
2668:
2657:
2656:
2651:. Archived from
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2621:. Archived from
2611:
2605:
2604:
2599:, archived from
2589:
2574:
2573:
2568:, archived from
2558:
2552:
2551:
2546:, archived from
2536:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2513:. Archived from
2503:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2476:. Archived from
2466:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2433:. Archived from
2423:
2406:
2405:
2390:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2347:
2336:
2335:
2320:
2314:
2184:
2129:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1963:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1932:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1894:. Archived from
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1736:, the codenamed-
1674:
1660:
1645:
1634:3 Mosquitoes on
1627:
1611:
1570:14 October 1944
1569:
1544:18/19 July 1944
1543:
1534:303rd Bomb Group
1526:
1512:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1456:
1442:
1428:
1414:
1397:
1383:
1369:
1351:
1337:
1323:
1309:
1295:
1281:
1267:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1211:
1198:7/8 August 1943
1197:
1184:6/7 August 1943
1183:
1170:4/5 August 1943
1169:
1156:4/5 August 1943
1155:
1142:25/26 July 1943
1141:
1128:13/14 July 1943
1127:
1113:
1099:
1085:
1071:
1034:
1020:
1007:28/29 June 1943
1006:
993:23/24 June 1943
992:
975:22/23 June 1943
974:
957:19/20 June 1943
956:
943:17/18 June 1943
942:
929:16/17 June 1943
928:
915:13/14 June 1943
914:
897:11/12 June 1943
896:
883:
869:
855:
841:
827:
809:
795:
781:
767:
753:
739:
725:
711:
697:
683:
661:
647:
632:
618:
604:
581:
567:
553:
537:
533:
522:
519:
501:
494:
482:
479:
461:
454:
450:Subsequent raids
308:
304:
288:Bristol Blenheim
5029:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5018:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4958:
4929:
4898:
4863:
4852:
4817:
4796:
4775:
4750:
4733:
4580:
4559:
4528:
4487:
4416:
4380:
4241:
4235:
4204:
4183:
4157:
4101:
4047:Reggio Calabria
3921:
3902:Wiener Neustadt
3707:Friedrichshafen
3697:Freiburg (Axis)
3600:
3547:
3533:
3502:
3481:
3451:
3413:
3408:
3378:
3373:
3321:
3307:No. 8 Group RAF
3297:No. 5 Group RAF
3292:No. 4 Group RAF
3287:No. 3 Group RAF
3282:No. 1 Group RAF
3270:
3266:Shuttle bombing
3224:
3198:Earthquake bomb
3151:
3085:
3042:
2966:
2930:
2894:
2891:
2854:
2829:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2788:on 6 July 2007.
2776:
2775:
2771:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2701:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2675:. airwarweb.net
2669:
2660:
2655:on 6 July 2007.
2643:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2591:
2590:
2577:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2468:
2467:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2409:
2404:on 6 July 2007.
2392:
2391:
2372:
2365:Campaign Diary
2364:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2334:on 6 July 2007.
2322:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2285:
2237:
2189:
2185:
2132:
2127:on 6 July 2007.
2119:
2118:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1986:
1982:
1977:on 6 July 2007.
1965:
1964:
1955:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1702:
1672:
1658:
1643:
1625:
1610:17 October 1944
1567:
1541:
1524:
1510:
1496:
1482:
1468:
1454:
1440:
1426:
1412:
1395:
1381:
1367:
1349:
1335:
1321:
1307:
1293:
1279:
1265:
1251:
1237:
1223:
1209:
1195:
1181:
1167:
1153:
1139:
1125:
1111:
1097:
1083:
1069:
1032:
1018:
1004:
990:
972:
954:
940:
926:
912:
894:
881:
867:
853:
839:
825:
807:
793:
779:
765:
751:
740:25 August 1942
737:
726:10 August 1942
723:
709:
695:
681:
659:
648:30/31 May 1942
645:
630:
616:
605:5/6 April 1942
602:
595:Avro Manchester
579:
565:
554:17/18 May 1940
551:
532:
523:
517:
514:
507:needs expansion
492:
483:
477:
474:
467:needs expansion
452:
428:
415:
403:medium bombers
398:
395:Avro Manchester
392:
383:No. 5 Group RAF
374:medium bombers
369:
367:
358:No. 4 Group RAF
344:
339:No. 3 Group RAF
330:medium bombers
322:No. 1 Group RAF
300:Avro Manchester
276:Hermann Claasen
85:The first ever
60:
48:Royal Air Force
12:
11:
5:
5027:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4866:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4771:Axis Singapore
4768:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4739:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4522:Allied Rangoon
4519:
4512:Burma campaign
4508:
4506:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4256:
4254:Baedeker Blitz
4251:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3762:Kaiserslautern
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3361:Into the Storm
3357:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3190:
3188:"Monica" radar
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2852:External links
2850:
2849:
2848:
2832:
2827:
2811:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2769:
2766:on 6 July 2007
2747:
2732:
2718:
2658:
2636:
2606:
2603:on 6 July 2007
2575:
2572:on 6 July 2007
2553:
2550:on 6 July 2007
2528:
2517:on 6 July 2007
2491:
2480:on 6 July 2007
2448:
2437:on 6 July 2007
2407:
2370:
2355:
2337:
2315:
2130:
2112:
2094:
2072:
2049:
2032:
2025:
2005:
1998:
1980:
1953:
1927:
1909:
1883:
1861:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1712:Baedeker Blitz
1709:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1120:288 aircraft.
1118:
1115:
1114:8/9 July 1943
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:7/8 July 1943
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:6/7 July 1943
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:5/6 July 1943
1066:
1065:
1039:
1036:
1035:3/4 July 1943
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:2/3 July 1943
1015:
1014:
1013:608 aircraft.
1011:
1008:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
987:
986:
979:
976:
969:
968:
961:
958:
951:
950:
947:
944:
937:
936:
935:212 aircraft.
933:
930:
923:
922:
919:
916:
909:
908:
901:
898:
891:
890:
888:
885:
878:
877:
876:427 aircraft.
874:
871:
864:
863:
860:
857:
850:
849:
848:243 aircraft.
846:
843:
836:
835:
834:161 aircraft.
832:
829:
822:
821:
814:
811:
804:
803:
802:289 aircraft.
800:
797:
790:
789:
786:
783:
776:
775:
772:
769:
762:
761:
758:
755:
748:
747:
744:
741:
734:
733:
730:
727:
720:
719:
716:
713:
706:
705:
702:
699:
692:
691:
688:
685:
678:
677:
666:
663:
656:
655:
652:
649:
642:
641:
637:
634:
627:
626:
623:
620:
613:
612:
609:
606:
599:
598:
586:
583:
576:
575:
572:
569:
562:
561:
558:
555:
548:
547:
544:
541:
531:
528:
525:
524:
504:
502:
491:
488:
485:
484:
464:
462:
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
438:
434:
433:
430:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:236 Wellington
412:
408:
407:
404:
397:medium bombers
389:Avro Lancaster
385:
379:
378:
375:
360:
354:
353:
350:
349:heavy bombers
347:Short Stirling
343:134 Wellington
341:
335:
334:
331:
324:
318:
317:
314:
311:
292:Victoria Cross
224:Kammhuber Line
193:Bomber Command
146:Avro Lancaster
138:Short Stirling
130:medium bombers
126:
125:
102:
59:
56:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5026:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4849:(Philippines)
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:United States
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4696:10 March 1945
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4466:(Switzerland)
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3907:Wilhelmshaven
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Gelsenkirchen
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Master Bomber
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Bomber stream
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Bouncing bomb
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2962:Arthur Tedder
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:1-904687-43-1
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:Bishop, Chris
2812:
2809:
2805:
2804:Sebald, W. G.
2801:
2800:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2312:
2311:December 1944
2308:
2307:November 1944
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2026:9781442693432
2022:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1690:
1688:6 March 1945
1687:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1675:5 March 1945
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:2 March 1945
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:2 March 1945
1642:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:friendly fire
1059:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
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1026:
1023:
1017:
1016:
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735:
731:
728:
722:
721:
717:
714:
712:26 July 1942
708:
707:
703:
700:
694:
693:
689:
686:
682:1942-05-31-02
680:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
660:1942-05-31-01
658:
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644:
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559:
556:
550:
549:
545:
543:Bomber force
542:
538:
521:
512:
508:
505:This section
503:
500:
496:
495:
481:
472:
468:
465:This section
463:
460:
456:
455:
442:
440:4 Wellington
439:
436:
435:
431:
427:63 Wellington
426:
423:
422:
418:
413:
410:
409:
405:
402:
396:
391:heavy bombers
390:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
366:heavy bombers
365:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
348:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
325:
323:
320:
319:
309:
303:
301:
297:
296:Leslie Manser
293:
289:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
256:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:fire brigades
234:
229:
225:
221:
220:bomber stream
213:
208:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
182:night-fighter
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:heavy bombers
131:
123:
119:
115:
114:Arthur Harris
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
95:
94:
92:
88:
80:
75:
68:
64:
55:
51:
49:
46:, all by the
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
20:
16:
5009:Firebombings
4939:North Africa
4841:Kuala Lumpur
4822:Other cities
4808:Pearl Harbor
4464:Schaffhausen
4421:Other cities
4209:Soviet Union
3642:Braunschweig
3622:Aschersleben
3605:Other cities
3560:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3081:(Peenemünde)
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
2844:the original
2839:
2818:
2807:
2786:the original
2781:
2772:
2764:the original
2759:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2721:
2702:
2686:
2677:. Retrieved
2653:the original
2648:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2623:the original
2618:
2609:
2601:the original
2596:
2570:the original
2565:
2556:
2548:the original
2543:
2519:. Retrieved
2515:the original
2510:
2482:. Retrieved
2478:the original
2473:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:the original
2430:
2402:the original
2397:
2332:the original
2327:
2324:"March 1942"
2318:
2286:
2238:
2190:
2125:the original
2115:
2106:
2097:
2081:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2035:
2015:
2008:
1989:
1983:
1975:the original
1970:
1948:
1941:, retrieved
1936:
1918:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1896:the original
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1864:
1856:the original
1851:
1842:
1830:
1810:
1801:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1758:
1737:
1050:
698:1 June 1942
662:31 May 1942
515:
511:adding to it
506:
475:
471:adding to it
466:
368:9 Wellington
284:
279:
268:incendiaries
265:
217:
186:
136:such as the
127:
90:
84:
52:
44:World War II
25:
15:
4903:Other areas
4864:Middle East
4837:(Sri Lanka)
4497:Pacific War
4369:Southampton
4284:Bournemouth
4106:Netherlands
3937:Alessandria
3877:Schweinfurt
3872:Saarbrücken
3717:Halberstadt
3677:Dietzenbach
3627:Baden-Baden
3261:Pathfinders
3246:Firebombing
2629:15 February
2619:303rdbg.com
2367:August 1942
1872:(in German)
1599:1944-10-15
1527:April 1944
1049:, used the
518:August 2024
478:August 2024
429:45 Hampden
416:21 Whitley
210:RAF bomber
184:airfields.
122:War Cabinet
4973:Categories
4843:(Malaysia)
4831:(Thailand)
4712:Utsunomiya
4472:(Bulgaria)
4440:Hammerfest
4385:Yugoslavia
4354:Nottingham
4344:Manchester
4279:Birmingham
4231:Stalingrad
4133:Middelburg
3852:Peenemünde
3832:Nordhausen
3782:Königsberg
3747:Hildesheim
3662:Crailsheim
3576:Düsseldorf
3208:Grand Slam
3156:Technology
3142:Wellington
3122:Manchester
3047:Operations
2797:References
2679:27 January
2351:April 1942
1943:9 November
1763:Lancaster.
1673:1945-03-02
1659:1945-03-02
1644:1945-03-02
1626:1945-02-12
1592:Euskirchen
1568:1944-10-14
1542:1944-07-18
1525:1945-03-02
1511:1944-03-29
1497:1944-03-29
1483:1944-03-21
1469:1944-03-17
1455:1944-03-16
1441:1944-02-02
1427:1944-01-04
1413:1944-01-01
1396:1943-12-22
1382:1943-10-20
1368:1943-10-13
1350:1943-10-03
1336:1943-10-02
1322:1943-09-26
1308:1943-09-26
1294:1943-09-24
1280:1943-09-19
1266:1943-09-13
1252:1943-09-04
1238:1943-09-01
1224:1943-08-29
1210:1943-08-11
1196:1943-08-07
1182:1943-08-06
1168:1943-08-04
1154:1943-08-04
1140:1943-07-25
1126:1943-07-13
1112:1943-07-08
1098:1943-07-07
1084:1943-07-06
1070:1943-07-05
1033:1943-07-03
1019:1943-07-02
1005:1943-06-28
991:1943-06-23
973:1943-06-22
965:Le Creusot
955:1943-06-19
941:1943-06-17
927:1943-06-16
913:1943-06-13
905:Düsseldorf
895:1943-06-11
882:1943-05-00
868:1943-02-26
854:1943-02-25
840:1943-02-14
826:1943-02-02
808:1943-01-22
794:1942-11-15
780:1942-09-07
766:1942-09-02
752:1942-09-02
738:1942-08-25
724:1942-08-10
710:1942-07-26
696:1942-06-01
646:1942-05-30
631:1942-04-27
617:1942-04-22
603:1942-04-05
580:1942-03-13
566:1942-02-14
552:1940-05-18
302:aircraft.
162:Royal Navy
106:propaganda
4954:Fort Lamy
4920:Gibraltar
4780:Australia
4759:Singapore
4729:Yokkaichi
4722:June 1944
4702:Toyohashi
4622:Hiratsuka
4617:Hamamatsu
4564:Indonesia
4545:Hong Kong
4540:Chongqing
4484:(Croatia)
4478:(Austria)
4448:(Finland)
4436:(Ireland)
4430:(Hungary)
4407:Podgorica
4391:Belgrade
4364:Sheffield
4334:Liverpool
4304:Clydebank
4259:The Blitz
4221:Leningrad
4195:Bucharest
4153:The Hague
4128:Enkhuizen
4118:Eindhoven
4113:Amsterdam
3952:Benevento
3887:Stuttgart
3857:Pforzheim
3847:Paderborn
3842:Osnabrück
3837:Nuremberg
3807:Magdeburg
3767:Karlsruhe
3752:Innsbruck
3742:Heilbronn
3692:Frankfurt
3667:Darmstadt
3596:Wuppertal
3546:Battle of
3447:V-weapons
3437:Firestorm
3168:H2S radar
3117:Lancaster
3071:Hurricane
3055:Bellicose
3038:The Hague
3028:Pforzheim
3018:Heilbronn
2971:Campaigns
2899:Overviews
2806:(2003) ,
2299:September
2275:September
2223:September
2090:0757-4169
1822:Citations
1706:The Blitz
1636:H2S radar
1552:Wesseling
1052:Wilde Sau
884:May 1943
535:Timeline
272:firestorm
258:Ruins of
249:the Blitz
245:Luftwaffe
212:H2S radar
166:Admiralty
156:and from
79:cathedral
36:air raids
4894:Tel Aviv
4813:Unalaska
4747:(Taiwan)
4738:Colonies
4707:Toyokawa
4687:Shizuoka
4576:Surabaya
4571:Sukabumi
4555:Shanghai
4517:Mandalay
4454:(Norway)
4446:Helsinki
4442:(Norway)
4428:Budapest
4412:Sarajevo
4359:Plymouth
4319:Greenock
4309:Coventry
4289:Brighton
4200:Ploiești
4138:Nijmegen
4123:Enschede
4002:Grosseto
3987:Frascati
3962:Cagliari
3917:Würzburg
3812:Mannheim
3737:Hannover
3657:Chemnitz
3617:Augsburg
3571:Duisburg
3566:Dortmund
3548:the Ruhr
3519:Le Havre
3326:See also
3132:Stirling
3127:Mosquito
3097:Blenheim
3090:Aircraft
3063:Chastise
2817:(2005),
2711:February
2699:December
2695:November
2283:December
2247:February
2235:December
2231:November
2195:February
2065:20 March
1700:See also
1556:Scholven
1360:Knapsack
530:Timeline
178:intruder
30:city of
4910:Bahrain
4835:Colombo
4829:Bangkok
4745:Taihoku
4667:Okazaki
4647:Nagaoka
4607:Fukuoka
4550:Nanjing
4374:Swansea
4349:Norwich
4299:Cardiff
4294:Bristol
4274:Belfast
4242:Kingdom
4188:Romania
4169:Frampol
4092:Viterbo
4087:Vicenza
4072:Trieste
4067:Treviso
4037:Pescara
4032:Palermo
4012:Messina
4007:Livorno
3977:Ferrara
3972:Catania
3967:Cassino
3957:Bologna
3867:Rostock
3862:Potsdam
3822:Münster
3787:Leipzig
3727:Hamburg
3712:Giessen
3682:Dresden
3652:Breslau
3637:Bocholt
3591:Krefeld
3561:Cologne
3538:Germany
3498:Tallinn
3486:Estonia
3465:Denmark
3229:Tactics
3203:Tallboy
3147:Whitley
3137:Ventura
3112:Hampden
3107:Halifax
3033:Dresden
3013:Hamburg
2935:Leaders
2707:January
2691:October
2615:"Bombs"
2521:18 July
2484:18 July
2441:18 July
2303:October
2279:October
2243:January
2227:October
1876:16 June
983:Mülheim
490:Effects
247:during
243:by the
189:Hamburg
172:in the
170:U-boats
69:in 1945
42:during
38:by the
32:Cologne
4915:Cyprus
4847:Manila
4792:Darwin
4787:Broome
4717:Yawata
4682:Sendai
4677:Rabaul
4662:Numazu
4652:Nagoya
4597:Aomori
4482:Zagreb
4476:Vienna
4458:Prague
4452:Namsos
4434:Dublin
4339:London
4314:Exeter
4240:United
4179:Wieluń
4174:Warsaw
4162:Poland
4082:Verona
4052:Rimini
4022:Naples
3982:Foggia
3942:Ancona
3882:Siegen
3827:Munich
3792:Lübeck
3772:Kassel
3672:Dessau
3647:Bremen
3632:Berlin
3612:Aachen
3556:Bochum
3507:France
3178:"Oboe"
3073:(1944)
3023:Kassel
2825:
2271:August
2219:August
2088:
2023:
1996:
1925:
1852:Flight
1664:USAAF
1615:8th AF
1588:Gereon
1530:USAAF
1401:USAAF
546:Notes
241:London
233:"flak"
99:morale
40:Allies
28:German
4925:Malta
4889:Jaffa
4884:Haifa
4692:Tokyo
4672:Osaka
4602:Fukui
4592:Akita
4585:Japan
4533:China
4505:Burma
4470:Sofia
4329:Leeds
4226:Minsk
4216:Gorky
4097:Zadar
4077:Turin
4062:Terni
4027:Padua
4017:Milan
3997:Gorla
3992:Genoa
3930:Italy
3912:Worms
3897:Wesel
3817:Moers
3802:Mainz
3777:Kleve
3732:Hanau
3722:Halle
3687:Emden
3581:Essen
3524:Royan
3493:Narva
3477:Rønne
3275:Units
3183:Gee-H
3163:Chaff
3079:Hydra
2715:March
2291:April
2255:April
2251:March
2203:April
2199:March
1902:1 May
1750:Notes
1745:Notes
1043:Rhine
540:Date
112:head
4947:Chad
4879:Acre
4657:Naha
4642:Kure
4637:Kōfu
4632:Kobe
4612:Gifu
4400:1944
4395:1941
4324:Hull
4269:Bath
4057:Rome
4042:Pisa
3947:Bari
3757:Jena
3514:Caen
3472:Nexø
2823:ISBN
2703:1945
2687:1944
2681:2009
2631:2012
2523:2008
2486:2008
2443:2008
2295:July
2287:1944
2267:July
2263:June
2239:1943
2215:July
2211:June
2191:1942
2086:ISSN
2067:2009
2021:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1945:2016
1923:ISBN
1904:2009
1878:2023
1649:RAF
1631:RAF
1560:Buer
1554:and
1547:RAF
1516:RAF
1502:RAF
1488:RAF
1474:RAF
1460:RAF
1446:RAF
1432:RAF
1418:RAF
1387:RAF
1373:RAF
1355:RAF
1341:RAF
1327:RAF
1313:RAF
1299:RAF
1285:RAF
1271:RAF
1257:RAF
1243:RAF
1229:RAF
1215:RAF
1201:RAF
1187:RAF
1173:RAF
1159:RAF
1145:RAF
1131:RAF
1117:RAF
1103:RAF
1089:RAF
1075:RAF
1038:RAF
1024:RAF
1010:RAF
996:RAF
978:RAF
960:RAF
946:RAF
932:RAF
918:RAF
900:RAF
887:RAF
873:RAF
859:RAF
845:RAF
831:RAF
813:RAF
799:RAF
785:RAF
771:RAF
757:RAF
743:RAF
729:RAF
715:RAF
701:RAF
687:RAF
665:RAF
651:RAF
636:RAF
622:RAF
608:RAF
585:RAF
571:RAF
557:RAF
432:108
419:257
406:153
377:147
362:131
352:222
333:156
326:156
144:and
26:The
3892:Ulm
3173:Gee
2259:May
2207:May
1584:PFF
985:).
967:).
672:of
591:GEE
513:.
473:.
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2305:,
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2297:,
2293:,
2289::
2281:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
