161:
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25:
730:.) Kearny asserts, based on field testing, that air filtration is not normally needed in a nuclear shelter. He asserts that fallout is either large enough to fall to the ground, or so fine that it will not settle and thus has little bulk to emit radiation. However, if possible, shelters should have air-filtration to stop chemical, biological and nuclear impurities which may abound after an explosion.
546:). Dual-purpose blast shelters are existing structures with blast-protective properties that have been modified to accommodate people seeking protection from blasts. Potential blast shelters are existing structures or geological features exhibiting blast-protective properties that have potential to be used for protection from blasts.
710:
A bunker commonly has two doors, one of which is convenient, and in peacetime use, and the other is strong. Naturally, the shelter must always have a secondary exit which can be used if the primary door is blocked by debris. Door shafts may double as ventilation shafts to reduce the digging, although
694:
The doors must be at least as strong as the walls. The usual design is a trap-door, to minimize the size and expense. In dual-purpose shelters, which have a secondary peacetime use, the door may be normal. To reduce the weight, the door is normally constructed of steel, with a fitted steel lintel and
714:
A large ground shock can move the walls of a bunker several centimeters in a few milliseconds. Bunkers designed for large ground shocks must have sprung internal buildings, hammocks, or bean-bag chairs to protect inhabitants from the walls and floors. However, most civilian-built improvised shelters
667:
Only the most heavy bedrock-shelters would stand a chance of surviving. However, in the countryside or in a suburb, the likely distance to the explosion is much larger, as it is improbable that anyone would waste an expensive nuclear device on such targets. The most common purpose-built structure is
659:
The basic plan is to provide a structure that is very strong in compression. The actual strength specification must be done individually, based on the nature and probability of the threat. A typical specification for heavy civil defence shelter in Europe during the Cold war was an overhead explosion
765:
shells. Compressive protection may be provided by inexpensive earth arching. The overburden is designed to shield from radiation. To prevent the shelter from floating to the surface in high groundwater, some designs have a skirt held-down with the overburden. A properly designed, properly installed
718:
Earth is an excellent insulator. In bunkers inhabited for prolonged periods, large amounts of ventilation or air-conditioning must be provided to prevent heat prostration. In bunkers designed for war-time use, manually operated ventilators must be provided because supplies of electricity or gas are
757:
When a house is purpose-built with a blast shelter, the normal location is a reinforced below-grade bathroom with large cabinets. In apartment houses, the shelter may double as storage space, as long as it can be swiftly emptied for its primary use. A shelter can easily be added in a new basement
698:
If the door is on the surface and will be exposed to the blast wave, the edge of the door is normally counter-sunk in the frame so that the blast wave or a reflection cannot lift the edge. If possible, this should be avoided, and the door built so that it is sheltered from the blast wave by other
683:
Improvised purpose-built blast shelters normally use earthen arches or vaults. To form these, a narrow (1-2 metre-wide) flexible tent of thin wood is placed in a deep trench (usually the apex of the tent is below grade), and then covered with cloth or plastic, and then covered with 1–2 meters of
679:
Most expedient blast shelters are civil engineering structures that contain large buried tubes or pipes such as sewage or rapid transit tunnels. Even these, nonetheless, require several additions to serve properly: blast doors, air-filtration and ventilation equipment, secondary exits, and
748:
Bunkers must also protect the inhabitants from normal weather, including rain, summer heat and winter cold. A normal form of rainproofing is to place plastic film on the bunker's main structure before burying it. Thick (5-mil or 125 ÎĽm), inexpensive
684:
tamped earth. Shelters of this type are approved field expedient blast shelters of both the U.S. and China. Entrances are constructed from thick wooden frames. Blast valves are to be constructed from tire-treads laid on thick wooden grids.
753:
film serves quite well, because the overburden protects it from degradation by wind and sunlight. Naturally, a buried or basement-situated reinforced-concrete shelter usually has the normal appearance of a building.
863:
Superseded by 1987 Manual for Design and
Analysis of Hardened Structures, AFWL-TR-87-57 and Army Technical Manual TM 5-855-1 (Air Force Pamphlet AFPAM 32-1147, Navy Manual NAVFAC P-1080, DSWA Manual 1997).
2303:
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Nuclear bunkers must also cope with the underpressure that lasts for several seconds after the shock wave passes, and prompt radiation. The overburden and structure provide substantial
644:
Blast shelters deflect the blast wave from nearby explosions to prevent ear and internal injuries to people sheltering in the bunker. While frame buildings collapse from as little as 3
542:. There are above-ground, below-ground, dedicated, dual-purpose, and potential blast shelters. Dedicated blast shelters are built specifically for the purpose of blast protection (see
719:
unreliable. The simplest form of effective fan to cool a shelter is a wide, heavy frame with flaps that swings in the shelter's doorway and can be swung from hinges on the ceiling.
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836:, constructed 110 metres (360 ft) below ground in the 1960s and 1970s, are designed as nuclear blast shelters and each station entrance has thick steel blast doors.
850:
656:, blast shelters are regularly constructed to survive several hundred psi. This substantially decreases the likelihood that a bomb can harm the structure.
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379:
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Some vendors provide true blast shelters engineered to provide good protection to individual families at modest cost. One common design approach uses
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frame welded to the steel-reinforcement of the concrete. The shelter should be located so that there is no combustible material directly outside it.
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451:
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770:, which requires shelters for private apartment blocks and large private houses, the lightest shelters are constructed of stainless steel.
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is the main entrance to another blast door (background) beyond which the side tunnel branches into access tunnels to the main chambers.
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structures. The most useful construction is to build the door behind a 90°-turn in a corridor that has an exit for the overpressure.
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is closed by a shock wave, but otherwise remains open. If the bunker is in a built-up area, it may include water-cooling or an
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Protecting
Buildings from Bomb Damage: Transfer of Blast-Effects Mitigation, 1995, pp32-33 an overview of the literature.
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AFSWC-TDR-6Z-138 Air Force Design Manual, Principles and practices for design of hardened structures 1962.
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do not need these as their structure cannot stand a shock large enough to seriously damage the occupants.
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is a place where people can go to protect themselves from blasts and explosions, like those from
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527:, as a fallout shelter does. It is also possible for a shelter to protect from both blasts and
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Blast
Loading and Blast Effects on Structures – An Overview, 2007. Predicting blast pressures.
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of a 500 kiloton weapon at the height of 500 meters. Such a weapon would be used to attack
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60's Era ATT Equipment
Nuclear Bomb Shelter. Hi-res interior & exterior virtual tour
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construction by taking an existing corner and adding two poured walls and a ceiling.
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The flaps open in one direction and close in the other, pumping air. (This is a
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Place where people can go to protect themselves from blasts and explosions
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FEMA Bibliography of building design documents to prevent blast hazards.
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Ventilation openings in a bunker must be protected by blast valves. A
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691:, and the negative pressure is usually only 1/3 of the overpressure.
616:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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664:(factories, administrative centres, communications) in the area.
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817:. In the second half of the 20th century, metro stations in
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745:. In these cases, the secondary exit is also most useful.
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Pyongyang: the hidden history of the North Korean capital
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home shelter does not become a sinkhole in the lawn. In
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The door of a light civil defense shelter in
Finland
908:Robinson, Martin; Bartlett, Ray; Whyte Rob (2007).
534:Blast shelters are a vital form of protection from
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909:
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970:Australian Bunker And Military Museum - abmm.org
741:and breathing tubes to protect inhabitants from
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676:buried or located in the basement of a house.
512:, in that its main purpose is to protect from
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2018:
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825:were constructed to serve as blast shelters.
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92:introducing citations to additional sources
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558:Blast doors in a missile control bunker at
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1017:
1003:
488:
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245:
632:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
205:Learn how and when to remove this message
975:Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine
940:
777:
701:
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168:This article includes a list of general
82:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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2928:
998:
581:
154:
59:
18:
2409:Weapons Storage and Security System
726:, or KAP, named after the inventor
13:
3332:Naples underground geothermal zone
1024:
839:
174:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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963:
34:This article has multiple issues.
2908:
2907:
586:
576:Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker
159:
75:relies largely or entirely on a
64:
23:
42:or discuss these issues on the
3378:Forestiere Underground Gardens
3241:Underground mining (soft rock)
3236:Underground mining (hard rock)
3221:Subsurface utility engineering
934:
901:
1:
2304:British "hedgehog" road block
894:
574:The 25-ton blast door in the
3231:Underground mine ventilation
985:Pyramid-sphere bunker system
811:underground railway stations
668:a steel-reinforced concrete
7:
3388:Underground House Las Vegas
2714:Cities with defensive walls
2299:Defensive fighting position
2214:
2019:
1829:
1775:
1636:
1627:
1593:
1584:
1439:
945:. Entente Bt. p. 125.
867:
612:the claims made and adding
10:
3497:
3383:Underground House Colorado
3312:Underground City, Montreal
3307:Underground City (Beijing)
773:
3427:
3414:Hockerton Housing Project
3401:
3365:
3249:
3197:
3135:
2994:
2963:
2955:Man-made and man-related
2898:
2828:
2752:
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2630:
2516:
2421:
2344:Hardened aircraft shelter
2319:Entry control point (ECP)
2231:
2142:
1858:
1851:
1283:
1032:
916:. Lonely Planet. p.
549:
3428:Earth shelters Australia
3208:underground construction
2841:Continuity of government
941:Springer, Chris (2003).
809:by taking refuge in the
763:fiber-reinforced plastic
3481:Subterranea (geography)
3168:Missile launch facility
2663:Motte-and-bailey castle
2369:Missile launch facility
2364:Main line of resistance
1059:
805:survived German aerial
189:more precise citations.
3466:Fortifications by type
3393:Underground World Home
2739:Military installations
2603:
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2575:
2566:
2484:
2155:
2130:
2106:
2096:Scarp and Counterscarp
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990:Portable combat bunker
884:Emergency preparedness
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579:
567:
3471:Disaster preparedness
3282:Kőbánya cellar system
3277:Houston tunnel system
3216:Rock-cut architecture
2508:Floating water castle
2239:Admiralty scaffolding
1532:Fortified buildings (
889:Retreat (survivalism)
781:
711:this is inadvisable.
705:
573:
557:
3357:Subterranean fiction
3352:Subterranean warfare
2851:Subterranean warfare
1804:Viking ring fortress
560:Minot Air Force Base
538:and are employed in
370:Nuclear-armed states
88:improve this article
3347:Subterranean Toledo
3342:Subterranean London
3262:Caves of Maastricht
3226:Tunnel construction
3007:Burial vault (tomb)
2668:Quadrangular castle
2404:Weapon storage area
1760:Quadrangular castle
879:Autonomous building
689:radiation shielding
3302:Underground living
3184:Underground hangar
2399:Underground hangar
2184:Fire control tower
1981:Gunpowder magazine
1409:Butter-churn tower
815:London Underground
791:
782:A blast door of a
708:
597:possibly contains
580:
568:
3461:Air raid shelters
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3447:
3402:Earth shelters UK
3373:Bill Gates' house
3366:Earth shelters US
3136:Military features
3127:Ventilation shaft
2995:Civilian features
2922:
2921:
2846:Military urbanism
2780:Fortified gateway
2653:Concentric castle
2417:
2416:
2334:Fire support base
2174:Coastal artillery
2049:(Spanish America)
1643:
1485:Concentric castle
952:978-963-00-8104-7
927:978-1-74104-558-1
642:
641:
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599:original research
498:
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262:Nuclear explosion
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153:
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57:
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3409:Underhill, Holme
3317:Mine exploration
3179:Underground base
3174:Scallywag bunker
3143:Air raid shelter
3122:Smuggling tunnel
3087:Underground city
3027:Dugout (shelter)
2964:Natural features
2949:
2942:
2935:
2926:
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2911:
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2904:
2795:National redoubt
2724:Fortified estate
2648:Circular rampart
2608:
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2249:Anti-tank trench
2244:Air raid shelter
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2179:Disappearing gun
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1685:Motte-and-bailey
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1113:Circular rampart
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874:Air raid shelter
828:Stations of the
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614:inline citations
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520:instead of from
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321:Target selection
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176:inline citations
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3440:Lightning Ridge
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3163:Fallout shelter
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2561:Imperial castle
2534:Coercion castle
2529:Coastal defence
2512:
2474:Promontory fort
2444:Hillside castle
2413:
2329:Fallout shelter
2294:Concertina wire
2274:Border security
2227:
2138:
1847:
1480:Coercion castle
1468:Cheval de frise
1450:Chemin de ronde
1298:Albarrana tower
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1224:Schwedenschanze
1201:Promontory fort
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840:Further reading
830:Pyongyang Metro
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724:Kearny Air Pump
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536:nuclear attacks
510:fallout shelter
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239:Nuclear weapons
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181:Please help to
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103:"Blast shelter"
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3416:
3411:
3405:
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3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Mines of Paris
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Trench warfare
3294:
3292:Tunnel network
3289:
3287:Tunnel warfare
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3250:Related topics
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3195:
3194:
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3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Secret passage
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
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3019:
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2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2878:Trench warfare
2875:
2873:Tunnel warfare
2870:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2729:Fortifications
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2541:
2539:Counter-castle
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Border barrier
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Lowland castle
2456:
2451:
2449:Hilltop castle
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
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2396:
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2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
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2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Electric fence
2321:
2316:
2314:Dragon's teeth
2311:
2309:Czech hedgehog
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2223:Wire obstacles
2220:
2211:
2209:Polygonal fort
2206:
2201:
2199:Martello tower
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Border outpost
2161:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2050:
2040:
2038:Polygonal fort
2035:
2030:
2025:
2016:
2007:
2002:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
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1862:
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1853:
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1604:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1530:
1528:Flanking tower
1525:
1516:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1495:Counter-castle
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
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1396:
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1382:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1285:Post-classical
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1275:Vitrified fort
1272:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1228:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1179:
1174:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Defensive wall
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:Fortifications
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
999:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
965:
964:External links
962:
959:
958:
951:
933:
926:
899:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
869:
866:
865:
864:
858:
853:
848:
841:
838:
819:eastern Europe
775:
772:
739:immersion tube
728:Cresson Kearny
680:air-proofing.
640:
639:
594:
592:
585:
551:
548:
496:
495:
493:
492:
485:
478:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
439:
438:
433:
428:
419:
409:
408:
403:
398:
396:United Kingdom
393:
388:
373:
372:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
312:
311:
306:
301:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
256:
255:
251:
250:
242:
241:
231:
230:
213:
212:
167:
165:
158:
151:
150:
86:. Please help
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3493:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3441:
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3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Civil defense
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Blast shelter
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Semi-basement
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Utility vault
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Rock-cut tomb
3065:
3063:
3062:Rapid transit
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Earth shelter
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2915:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:Urban warfare
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Civil defense
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Bastion forts
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2688:Z-plan castle
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:L-plan castle
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Bridge castle
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Refuge castle
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Military base
2591:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Hunting lodge
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Moated castle
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Island castle
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:By topography
2420:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Submarine pen
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Hesco bastion
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Blast shelter
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Place-of-arms
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
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1683:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1666:Machicolation
1664:
1662:
1661:L-plan castle
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1620:
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1437:
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1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:Bridge castle
1392:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1357:Bent entrance
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Battery tower
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Advanced work
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1217:Refuge castle
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
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1136:
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1131:
1129:
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1119:
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1111:
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1080:
1075:
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1054:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
986:
983:
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978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
954:
948:
944:
937:
929:
923:
919:
914:
913:
904:
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890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
862:
859:
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854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
837:
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831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
789:
785:
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3257:Cave dweller
3152:
3117:Storm cellar
2906:
2861:Siege engine
2829:Other topics
2753:Related word
2719:Defense line
2683:Tower castle
2638:Bastion fort
2622:Urban castle
2550:Ganerbenburg
2548:
2503:Water castle
2479:Ridge castle
2464:Marsh castle
2279:Bomb shelter
2263:
2259:Belgian gate
2232:20th century
2143:19th century
2081:Retrenchment
2053:Punji sticks
1962:Entrenchment
1957:Device Forts
1924:Counterguard
1859:Early modern
1789:Tower castle
1725:Powder tower
1700:Outer bailey
1612:Inner bailey
1586:Gulyay-gorod
1554:Ganerbenburg
1552:
1548:Fujian tulou
1490:Corner tower
1429:Chamber gate
1399:Bridge tower
1247:Trou de loup
942:
936:
911:
903:
827:
813:, e.g., the
797:, people in
795:World War II
792:
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756:
751:polyethylene
747:
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662:soft targets
658:
654:overpressure
643:
628:
619:
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564:North Dakota
533:
518:overpressure
501:
499:
447:South Africa
442:
426:(undeclared)
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144:January 2008
141:
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36:Please help
33:
3435:Coober Pedy
3327:Mole people
3272:Coober Pedy
3189:Spider hole
3072:Root cellar
2957:subterranea
2760:Castle town
2617:Toll castle
2586:Lustschloss
2568:Kaiserpfalz
2498:Spur castle
2493:Rock castle
2434:Hill castle
2429:Cave castle
2389:Spider hole
2289:Bremer wall
2254:Barbed tape
2150:Barbed wire
1824:Witch tower
1794:Tower house
1784:Toll castle
1770:Shield wall
1690:Murder hole
1579:Guard tower
1196:Pincer gate
1143:Faussebraye
834:North Korea
786:shelter in
768:Switzerland
743:fire storms
735:blast valve
522:radioactive
514:shock waves
436:North Korea
346:Disarmament
187:introducing
3455:Categories
2785:Gatekeeper
2605:Ordensburg
2577:Landesburg
2384:Sentry gun
2339:Flak tower
2269:Blast wall
2189:Gun turret
2086:Sally port
1991:Kotta mara
1931:Couvreface
1895:Breastwork
1890:Blockhouse
1868:Abwurfdach
1819:Watchtower
1809:Wall tower
1765:Shell keep
1715:Portcullis
1710:Peel tower
1695:Neck ditch
1654:Landesburg
1602:Half tower
1560:Gate tower
1505:Drawbridge
1347:Battlement
1263:Wagon fort
1106:Chengqiang
895:References
622:March 2024
606:improve it
457:Kazakhstan
382:recognized
356:Opposition
254:Background
170:references
114:newspapers
39:improve it
3203:quarrying
3097:Wine cave
3017:Catacombs
2888:Guerrilla
2631:By design
2379:Revetment
2194:Land mine
2125:Star fort
1952:Crownwork
1947:Covertway
1880:Barricade
1521:Embrasure
1434:Chartaque
1364:Bergfried
1322:Arrowslit
1148:Gatehouse
1118:City gate
1079:Castellum
1045:Acropolis
788:Singapore
610:verifying
351:Terrorism
336:Espionage
331:Blackmail
326:Arms race
84:talk page
45:talk page
3158:Casemate
3112:Stepwell
3052:Hypogeum
3042:Erdstall
3032:Dry well
3012:Borehole
3002:Basement
2986:Sinkhole
2913:Category
2903:See also
2790:Loophole
2678:Ringwork
2673:Ringfort
2598:Obstacle
2439:Hillfort
2359:Loophole
2157:Barbette
2132:Tenaille
2115:Sea fort
2045:Presidio
2005:Magazine
1986:Hornwork
1919:Cavalier
1914:Casemate
1907:Caponier
1750:Ringwork
1638:Detinets
1607:Hoarding
1512:Enceinte
1387:Bretèche
1332:Bartizan
1327:Barbican
1303:Alcazaba
1231:Stockade
1211:Ringfort
1191:Palisade
1163:Landwehr
1158:Hillfort
868:See also
821:and the
452:Belarus
431:Pakistan
316:Arsenals
287:Delivery
3419:Malator
3337:Sapping
3057:Manhole
3022:Dungeon
2820:Vedette
2810:Schloss
2775:Festung
2770:Dungeon
2765:Château
2709:Castles
2517:By role
2374:Pillbox
2204:Outpost
2120:Station
2108:Schanze
2091:Sandbag
2076:Redoubt
2060:Ravelin
2028:Palanka
2012:Orillon
1998:Lunette
1940:Coupure
1885:Bastion
1875:Arsenal
1843:Zwinger
1755:Roundel
1745:Ricetto
1720:Postern
1705:Outwork
1629:Kremlin
1500:Curtain
1475:Citadel
1459:Chemise
1419:Caltrop
1337:Bastion
1310:Alcázar
1206:Rampart
1184:Oppidum
1177:Nuraghe
1123:Crannog
1097:Castros
1033:Ancient
807:bombing
793:During
774:Subways
604:Please
529:fallout
462:Ukraine
304:Workers
299:Effects
282:Testing
272:Warfare
267:History
183:improve
128:scholar
3199:Mining
3170:(silo)
3148:Bunker
3077:Tunnel
2981:Grotto
2976:Cenote
2815:Trench
2805:Picket
2216:Sangar
2169:Bunker
2101:Sconce
2021:Ostrog
1969:Flèche
1852:Modern
1831:Yagura
1799:Turret
1735:Reduit
1673:Merlon
1617:Kasbah
1595:Gusuku
1572:Glacis
1565:Gabion
1534:church
1441:Chashi
1424:Castle
1268:Laager
1256:Vallum
1213:(Rath)
1088:Castra
1070:Burgus
1040:Abatis
949:
924:
803:Moscow
799:London
784:subway
550:Design
544:bunker
443:Former
424:
422:Israel
413:Others
401:France
391:Russia
361:Winter
309:Ethics
277:Design
172:, but
130:
123:
116:
109:
101:
3205:, and
3047:Fogou
2856:Siege
2800:Palas
2744:Walls
2734:Forts
2697:Lists
2544:Fence
2486:Rocca
2354:Kabal
2069:Redan
1976:Gorge
1900:Canal
1777:Shiro
1740:Ribat
1730:Qalat
1542:Dzong
1538:house
1238:Sudis
1170:Limes
1128:Ditch
1061:Broch
1052:Agger
912:Korea
670:vault
652:) of
506:bombs
417:India
406:China
292:Yield
135:JSTOR
121:books
3092:Well
2971:Cave
2866:list
2284:Buoy
1838:Yett
1680:Moat
1647:Ksar
1622:Keep
1414:Caer
1404:Burh
1380:Boom
1373:Berm
1352:Bawn
1317:Amba
1153:Gord
947:ISBN
922:ISBN
823:USSR
801:and
674:arch
648:(20
516:and
107:news
1138:Dun
918:364
832:in
672:or
650:kPa
646:psi
608:by
380:NPT
90:by
3457::
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2905::
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531:.
500:A
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