236:
247:
463:
339:
515:
550:
33:
154:
498:
429:
350:
443:
484:
532:
98:
310:, based on the prototype of the second Bismarck statue unveiled in 1879 in Cologne. The central squares of cities were usually decorated with these monuments. In addition, over thirty Bismarck fountains were built. Bismarck monuments were erected on all continents, mostly in the German colonies, but also in countries with German emigrants, such as USA and Brazil.
382:
that, on the top of all
Bismarck columns, braziers would be built so that, on certain days, they could be lit in honour of former Chancellor, forming a network of beacons across Germany. Firing facilities were installed on 167 Bismarck towers. Because a common day of lighting the towers could not be agreed (Bismarck's birthday was on 1 April during the
318:
Immediately after
Bismarck's dismissal in 1890 committees were founded in several places to plan the erection of commemorative monuments. The number of monument settings now increased gradually. Simultaneously new types of monument were conceived. A few monuments showed Bismarck as a private person
381:
in the shape of a massive pillar of fire. This won the award by the competition's initiators and was built 47 times until 1911, thus becoming a standard form. In many places, however, there are variations of this design. The feature of these solid structures was the idea from the
Student's Union
365:
After his death in 1898 Bismarck's already enormous popularity increased further and, with that, the number of monument projects. The year 1898 also represented a turning point in their design. On many examples the figure of
Bismarck was shown in a medieval-looking armour instead of the usual
262:
in 1871 Bismarck became a subject for monuments. Frequently
Bismarck was not honoured with a monument by himself, but was honoured together with other figures from the wars of 1866 and 1870–71 and those people involved in the unification of the Empire, such as
589:
Reinhard Alings, Monument und Nation. Das Bild vom
Nationalstaat im Medium Denkmal - zum Verhältnis von Nation und Staat im deutschen Kaiserreich 1871-1918. = B. Sösemann (Hg.), Beiträge zur Kommunikationsgeschichte, Bd. 4 Berlin /New York
462:
401:
which was to be inaugurated on the centenary on 1 April 1915. Planning started in 1907 and, in 1910, a general competition was conducted. The project was never executed, however, due to the outbreak of the
282:
The first public statues of
Bismarck were taken from 1877 onwards (such as the indirect portrayal on the Canossa Column at Bad Harzburg). The first monument that displayed a full-size Bismarck, was the
623:
Hans- Walter
Hedinger: Bismarck- Denkmäler und Bismarck- Verehrung, in: Ekkehard Mai/ Stephan Waetzoldt (Hg.), Kunstverwaltung, Bau- und Denkmal- Politik im Kaiserreich, Berlin 1981, S. 277–314.
386:), this idea did not take off. The Bismarck columns were mostly financed by donations (mainly from the middle class). As a building material, rock from the local area was used (for example,
645:, in: Andreas Leutzsch (Hrsg.): Nomaden, Interdisziplinäre Wanderungen' im Feld der Formulare und Mythen, Festschrift für Jürgen Frese, S. 64–88. transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2003,
223:
in
Silesia . Both monuments were the result of private initiatives. While the obelisk has since been destroyed, the Bismarck tower still exists, albeit in ruins. See
292:
179:
within the Empire. The size and cost of these symbols ranged from commemorative plaques to large monuments incorporating several groups of figures such as the
514:
656:
Michael C.Q. McGuire: Bismarck in
Walhalla. The cult of Bismarck and the politics of national identity in Imperial Germany 1890-1915, Ann Arbor 1993.
62:
183:
in Berlin. The flood of Bismarck monuments of all kinds constituted the third major wave of monument building in the German Empire after the
366:
contemporary costume. The design language of the monuments was often more archaic and considerably more architectural monuments were built.
549:
740:
235:
750:
330:
style instead of the conventional busts or statues. Unlike the latter, these were erected out in the countryside on high points.
306:. In most cases, they portrayed on a high plinth, an oversized cast statue of Bismarck as a military figure in the uniform of a
765:
650:
598:
442:
246:
755:
211:, monuments were built in honour of Bismarck. The first Bismarck Monument, a 12 metre high obelisk, was erected in 1868 in
417:
Today there are many places that preserve the remaining towers and Bismarck columns or raise funds for their renovation.
702:
687:
668:
635:
613:
284:
102:
84:
17:
55:
497:
272:
410:
and the subsequent political changes. They were smelted for ore, destroyed by bombing (in some cases, such as the
745:
428:
593:
Thomas Gräfe: Der Bismarck- Mythos in der politischen Kultur des Wilhelminischen Kaiserreichs, München 2002,
268:
397:
The highlight of all Bismarck monuments was meant to be the National Bismarck Memorial on the Elisenhöhe at
220:
720:
158:
21:
208:
531:
224:
483:
338:
264:
192:
45:
725:
49:
41:
259:
204:
188:
66:
126:
679:
617:
378:
175:
The Bismarck monuments were the most visible and permanent expression of the veneration of
8:
251:
212:
121:
698:
683:
664:
646:
631:
609:
594:
577:
449:
276:
180:
176:
131:
279:
in the large number of victory or Empire monuments built after 1871 in many places.
760:
453:
407:
299:
153:
403:
147:
394:). A total of 240 Bismarck towers were built as observation towers and beacons.
572:
240:
216:
398:
349:
734:
557:
540:
370:
288:
134:. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including
117:
106:
411:
606:
Der Bismarckturm. BĂĽrgerschaftliches Engagement und nationale Denkmalkultur
184:
473:
320:
521:
358:
307:
505:
391:
414:
tower, intentionally for strategic purposes) or removed after 1945.
327:
469:
387:
383:
303:
715:
296:
143:
139:
135:
97:
716:
Information portal on all Bismarck towers and Bismarck columns
295:). Initially the most frequently encountered monuments were
671:(Bild- und Textband zum Thema Bismarckdenkmale und -tĂĽrme).
333:
105:, the first Bismarck statue in Germany, erected in 1877 in
676:
Bismarck-Türme und Bismarck-Säulen. Eine Bestandsaufnahme
628:
Bismarckdenkmäler – ein bizarrer Aufbruch in die Moderne
161:(1906). Total height: 34.3 m. Height of statue: 14.8 m.
323:, which portrays him as a hunter with his dog, Tyras.
524:- Bismarck Monument im Kammerbusch landscape garden
472:: Ceremonial unveiling of the Bismarck Monument by
377:("Twilight of the Gods") for a competition by the
643:Bismarck? von dem haben wir Korn, und der ist gut
732:
726:Lexicon article on Bismarck monuments in Bavaria
369:In 1899 (i.e. one year after Bismarck's death),
54:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
406:. Many Bismarck monuments did not survive the
326:Increasingly, Bismarck towers were built in a
313:
230:
373:created a fundamental tower design, known as
659:Dirk Reinartz, Christian Graf von Krockow:
697:. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2005,
476:in 1903 (1946-1947 damaged and despoiled)
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
348:
337:
334:Monuments and Bismarck Towers after 1898
245:
234:
198:
152:
96:
120:in honour of the long-serving Prussian
733:
219:was opened as an observation tower in
26:
191:of 1864, 1866 and 1870–71, and the
13:
741:Monuments and memorials in Germany
661:Bismarck: Vom Verrat der Denkmäler
116:were erected in many parts of the
14:
777:
709:
285:Bismarck Monument (Bad Kissingen)
103:Bismarck Monument (Bad Kissingen)
18:Bismarck Monument (Bad Kissingen)
721:List of Bismarck tower societies
663:, Steidl-Verlag Göttingen 1998,
548:
530:
513:
496:
482:
461:
441:
427:
31:
674:Sieglinde Seele, GĂĽnter Kloss:
751:Monuments to Otto von Bismarck
695:Lexikon der Bismarck-Denkmäler
608:. Hain, Weimar und Jena 2003,
269:Crown Prince Frederick William
16:For particular monuments, see
1:
766:Outdoor sculptures in Germany
583:
250:Bismarck Monument in Pangani
239:Bismarck, Roon and Moltke in
185:warrior and victory monuments
170:
215:in Silesia. A year later, a
159:Bismarck Monument in Hamburg
7:
756:National symbols of Germany
566:
490:Bismarck Monument in Goslar
435:Bismarck Monument in Berlin
314:Monuments from 1890 to 1898
231:Monuments from 1871 to 1890
22:Bismarck Monument (Hamburg)
10:
782:
616:(ĂĽber den Bismarckturm in
420:
209:North German Confederation
165:
15:
321:Leipzig Bismarck Monument
193:Emperor William monuments
40:This article includes a
556:New Bismarck statue in
225:Bismarck Tower, JanĂłwek
69:more precise citations.
538:The Bismarck Statue in
362:
357:-type Bismarck tower (
346:
260:unification of Germany
255:
243:
205:unification of Germany
162:
146:as well as the former
109:
746:Sculptures in Germany
504:Bismarck Monument in
352:
341:
249:
238:
207:, in the days of the
199:Monuments before 1871
156:
150:on other continents.
100:
680:Michael Imhof Verlag
618:Neustadt an der Orla
379:German Student Union
682:, Petersberg 1997,
287:erected in 1877 in
189:Wars of Unification
112:From 1868 onwards,
641:Andreas Leutzsch:
363:
347:
319:as e. g. the
258:Shortly after the
256:
252:German East Africa
244:
187:for the so-called
163:
122:minister-president
114:Bismarck monuments
110:
42:list of references
693:Sieglinde Seele:
651:978-3-89942-111-8
604:Werner Greiling:
599:978-3-11-014985-2
578:Bismarck Memorial
452:of Bismarck near
450:Equestrian statue
265:Emperor William I
181:Bismarck Memorial
132:Otto von Bismarck
124:and first German
95:
94:
87:
773:
630:, Hamburg 2002,
552:
534:
517:
500:
486:
465:
454:Bremen Cathedral
445:
431:
408:Second World War
203:Even before the
90:
83:
79:
76:
70:
65:this article by
56:inline citations
35:
34:
27:
781:
780:
776:
775:
774:
772:
771:
770:
731:
730:
712:
626:Kai Krauskopf:
586:
569:
562:
561:
553:
544:
543:
539:
535:
526:
525:
518:
509:
508:
501:
492:
491:
487:
478:
477:
466:
457:
456:
446:
437:
436:
432:
423:
404:First World War
375:Götterdämmerung
355:Götterdämmerung
353:Staircase in a
343:Götterdämmerung
336:
316:
233:
213:Gross-Peterwitz
201:
173:
168:
148:German colonies
91:
80:
74:
71:
60:
46:related reading
36:
32:
25:
12:
11:
5:
779:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
729:
728:
723:
718:
711:
710:External links
708:
707:
706:
691:
672:
657:
654:
639:
624:
621:
602:
591:
585:
582:
581:
580:
575:
573:Bismarck tower
568:
565:
564:
563:
555:
554:
547:
545:
537:
536:
529:
527:
520:
519:
512:
510:
503:
502:
495:
493:
489:
488:
481:
479:
468:
467:
460:
458:
448:
447:
440:
438:
434:
433:
426:
422:
419:
335:
332:
315:
312:
241:Hohenlockstedt
232:
229:
221:Ober-Johnsdorf
217:Bismarck tower
200:
197:
172:
169:
167:
164:
93:
92:
50:external links
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
778:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
736:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
704:
703:3-86568-019-4
700:
696:
692:
689:
688:3-932526-10-4
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:
669:3-88243-175-X
666:
662:
658:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:
636:3-935549-33-4
633:
629:
625:
622:
619:
615:
614:3-89807-045-X
611:
607:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
559:
558:Wilhelmshaven
551:
546:
542:
541:Bad Kissingen
533:
528:
523:
516:
511:
507:
499:
494:
485:
480:
475:
471:
464:
459:
455:
451:
444:
439:
430:
425:
424:
418:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
376:
372:
371:Wilhelm Kreis
367:
360:
356:
351:
344:
340:
331:
329:
324:
322:
311:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
289:Bad Kissingen
286:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
253:
248:
242:
237:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
160:
155:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
127:Reichskanzler
123:
119:
118:German Empire
115:
108:
107:Bad Kissingen
104:
99:
89:
86:
78:
68:
64:
58:
57:
51:
47:
43:
38:
29:
28:
23:
19:
694:
675:
660:
642:
627:
605:
416:
396:
374:
368:
364:
354:
342:
325:
317:
281:
257:
202:
174:
125:
113:
111:
81:
72:
61:Please help
53:
474:Robert Diez
399:BingerbrĂĽck
67:introducing
735:Categories
584:References
522:Langerwehe
412:Königsberg
359:Hildesheim
345:tower type
308:cuirassier
171:Importance
75:March 2017
506:Heilbronn
392:sandstone
130:, Prince
567:See also
384:holidays
328:medieval
177:Bismarck
761:Statues
470:Dresden
421:Gallery
388:granite
304:statues
166:History
63:improve
701:
686:
667:
649:
634:
612:
597:
560:(2015)
297:bronze
293:Hausen
273:Moltke
144:Russia
140:Poland
136:France
300:busts
48:, or
699:ISBN
684:ISBN
665:ISBN
647:ISBN
632:ISBN
610:ISBN
595:ISBN
590:1996
277:Roon
275:and
254:1906
157:The
142:and
101:The
20:and
390:or
302:or
737::
678:.
620:).
271:,
267:,
227:.
195:.
138:,
52:,
44:,
705:.
690:.
653:.
638:.
601:.
361:)
291:(
88:)
82:(
77:)
73:(
59:.
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
