1325:
1490:
1362:
60:
75:
1453:
323:
1624:
1208:
1403:
806:
1526:
602:
1073:
1588:
2050:
746:, petitioned for self-rule and the establishment of a civil government based on the Moldavian traditional laws. In 1818, a special autonomous region was created, which had both Romanian and Russian as languages used in the local administration. Bănulescu-Bodoni also obtained permission for opening a seminary and a printing press, with the Bessarabian church being an
892:'s reign brought a policy of establishing schools in every parish: 400 rural schools were founded in the 1860s in Bessarabia, but the Orthodox Church insisted everything be taught in Russian, whereas neither priests (who were teachers in most villages) nor pupils were speaking it. Thus, by the 1880s only 23 schools remained.
885:
policy, Bessarabia was the most backward of the western provinces of the
Russian Empire. In 1897, literacy was just 15.4% for the whole Bessarabia, with only 6% of ethnically Moldavians being literate, the main reason behind this being that Russian was the only language of instruction. As of 1920, an
1693:
and brought clerics from Russia. Archbishop Pavel
Lebedev forced Moldavian churches and monasteries to use Russian during the religious service, making knowledge of Russian compulsory for becoming a priest, but despite his attempts, by the end of his rule (1882), there were still 417 churches which
938:
erupted in
October 1905. In the first wave of violence, which was associated with Easter, 49 Jews were killed, large numbers of Jewish women were raped and 1,500 homes were damaged. American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration. The incident focused worldwide
775:. The constitution no longer made the usage of Romanian compulsory for public announcements and in 1854, Russian was made the official language. Also around 1850, Romanian was no longer used in schools and the importation of books from Moldavia and Wallachia was banned.
955:("The Society for National Culture"), argued for the usage of Romanian as a language of instruction in schools, but against social reforms. In 1909, they were successful in passing a resolution in the zemstvo of the gubernia related to the usage of Romanian in schools.
1677:
All the archbishops after 1821 tried to bring the eparchy in conformity with the regulations of the
Russian Orthodox Church and because of that, all the high-ranked clerics were brought from Russia, because they were more familiar with the rules of the Russian church.
840:
In 1877, the
Russian Empire and Romania signed a treaty by the terms of which, Romania and Russia were allies against the Ottoman Empire, while Russia recognized Romania's independence and guaranteed its territorial integrity after the war. However, at the end of the
907:(1801–1860). In the second half of the 19th century, all links with Romanian literature were cut and no literary currents or schools of criticism developed in Bessarabia. In fact, in 1899, a visitor found no Romanian books in the Chişinău public library.
1080:
Initially, the purpose of the colonization policy was unrelated to the ethnic makeup, being to increase the population of the rather sparsely populated area, in order to better exploit its resources. It was part of the larger campaign of colonization of
1553:
between 1836 and 1856. Between 1830 and 1857 the city of Ismail was put under a separate administration that included the nearby villages owned by the state. In 1856 most of the county became part of
Moldavia, while the remaining part constituted the
861:
against Russia to try to influence the
Western governments, denouncing not only the annexation of Southern Bessarabia, but the 1812 annexation of Bessarabia as well. Despite this, none of the European powers wanted to risk a conflict with Russia.
790:, but most of the nobles of Bessarabia were foreigners: in 1911, there were 468 noble families in Bessarabia, of which only 138 were Moldavian. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Jewish population made up to 40% of Chisinau.
849:
justifying this as a "matter of national honour" for Russia and arguing that the territory was ceded in 1856 to
Moldavia, not to Romania and that the Russian guarantee of territorial integrity was directed against Turkish claims.
989:("Wake up, Romanian!"), a Romanian patriotic song, which made Kharuzin, the governor of Bessarabia, to order the closure of the newspaper only nine months after its first issue. Most of the contributors of the newspaper fled to
1190:
The urban population was quite low, amounting just 14.7% in 1912, most of the cities being just local administrative centres and having little industry. Also, few of the urban dwellers were
Moldavians, in 1912, 37.2% being
1215:
From 1812 to 1818, there were 12 counties, which were then merged into 6, afterwards split into 9 counties (ținuturi): Hotin, Soroca, Iași, Orhei, Bender, Hotărniceni, Greceni, Codru, Reni (Ismail). The original terms for
1049:), which also purportedly had a Romanian majority. The Russian rule resulted in important changes in the ethnic structure of Bessarabia, especially due to the Russian policy of immigration from neighbouring provinces and
785:
The
Moldavian boyars protested against the reforms, which decreased their own powers, but their protests were not well organized and they were mostly ignored. Some Moldavian boyar families were however integrated in the
1024:
his deputy. Similar procedures took place in all regions of the Empire: the chiefs of the Tsarist administrations passed their legal powers to the chiefs of the County and Governorate Zemstvos, which were then called
763:, crowned in 1825, began a campaign of reforms which had the goal of gaining more control over the western provinces. Autonomy of the region was retracted in 1829, with the new constitution written by the governor of
771:. In 1834, Romanian was banned in schools and government facilities, and soon, books, the press, and churches despite 80% of the population being Romanian. Those who fought the changes could be exiled to
873:
as a compensation for the loss of Southern Bessarabia. Despite being a larger territory, Romanians considered it an unfair exchange and accepted it reluctantly, because there was no other alternative.
782:
in 1869. Although this system was meant to increase the participation of the locals in civic affairs, it was run by Russians and other non-Moldavian functionaries brought from across the Empire.
1701:, the church decided to allow the usage of Romanian by the village priests and the re-establishment of the eparchy printing press, which would publish religious literature and of a newspaper.
1041:, at the beginning of the 19th century the ethnic Romanians (Moldavians) proportion was approximately 95% (1810), not including the territories formerly under direct Turkish administration (
2986:
2999:
2975:
722:
of Bessarabia protested against the annexation, arguing that the Ottoman Empire had no right to cede a territory that was not theirs in the first place (Moldavia being only a
2380:
976:, which called for autonomy of Bessarabia and more rights to protect their language and culture, while making clear that they do not want secession from the Russian Empire.
2968:
204:). It consisted of an area of 45,632.42 square kilometres (17,618.78 sq mi) and a population of 1,935,412 inhabitants. The Bessarabia Governorate bordered the
2163:
1005:
2441:
548:
3462:
2858:
2450:
1171:
Most of the Moldavians of Bessarabia were free peasants, of which most being landless, leasing their land from landlords and monasteries, while 12% (in 1861) were
3452:
2320:
3600:
3457:
3437:
2555:
2517:
2735:
1085:, under which Russia appealed to everyone who wanted to work and live under its authority, no matter if they came from the Russian Empire or from elsewhere.
543:
3610:
3595:
2481:
1013:
753:
After the death of Bănulescu-Bodoni in 1821, Bessarabia lacked a strong leader and as the Russians feared nationalism, which triggered the anti-Ottoman
3447:
3092:
3517:
3276:
3192:
366:
2954:
1682:
948:
947:
There was no Moldavian political party or movement in Bessarabia until 1905, when two major groups were founded. The moderates, led by landowner
3015:
516:
962:), mostly students educated at Russian universities and influenced by socialist revolutionaries, wanted a real national awakening, as well as
2434:
1172:
59:
714:
Bessarabia had an area of 45,630 km², more than the rest of Moldavia and a population between 240,000 and 360,000, most of them being
711:, which may have ruled it in the 14th century. The Russians used the name "Bessarabia" for the whole region rather than the southern area.
630:
473:
3605:
2256:
2463:
1226:
895:
As a result, the literature and cultural life stagnated, only a few notable literary figures arising from Bessarabia, among them being
2647:
2640:
793:
Romania became independent in 1878, but millions of ethnic Romanians lived outside its borders and as such it had aspirations toward
2427:
2094:
1558:, split between neighbouring counties in 1858. The Ismail County re-emerged when the territory returned to Russian rule in 1878.
553:
3551:
700:(the Lower Lands, the plains which included this territory). Bessarabia was the southern part of this territory (now known as
2338:
74:
2167:
3108:
573:
3288:
3029:
1651:
536:
2605:
3037:
2948:
2373:
2359:
2196:
1872:
1864:
Moldova : a Romanian province under Russian rule : diplomatic history from the archives of the great powers
842:
332:
252:
1053:. The immigration was not uniform: in some districts in the northern and southern parts of Bessarabia (for instance
1715:
846:
623:
493:
418:
264:
20:
3590:
3333:
1268:
in 1878, these there were lumped together as one Ismail County, thus from 1878 till 1917, there were 8 counties.
19:
This article is about the governorate of the Russian Empire. For the governorate of the Kingdom of Romania, see
3063:
3005:
688:
Before the Russian annexation, the territory had no particular name, Moldavia being traditionally divided into
588:
2911:
2681:
768:
461:
260:
985:
3144:
3049:
3010:
2761:
2584:
1655:
322:
2784:
2675:
2408:
1180:
979:
Their movement had little success because in 1907, the extreme right won in the elections for the second
678:
616:
302:
24:
1324:
393:
3043:
2896:
2493:
754:
671:
448:
248:
2263:
1667:
735:
1812:
1791:
1698:
1489:
1361:
757:
in neighbouring Wallachia, the local authorities began a gradual retraction of many of the freedoms.
726:, not an Ottoman province), but this did not prevent the Sultan from signing the treaty in May 1812.
2056:
1922:- the 1818 imperial Statute on the creation of the Bessarabian Oblast (rewritten in modern Russian).
2562:
498:
3293:
3133:
2692:
2487:
2065:
1761:
1663:
866:
857:
accused Russia of deception and of treating an ally like a conquered province. He even started a
373:
3391:
3346:
3323:
3535:² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
3414:
3374:
3318:
3313:
3280:
3266:
3247:
2383:[The administrative-territorial organization of Bessarabia during the tsarist period].
1751:
935:
889:
814:
413:
3427:
854:
3121:
2901:
2891:
2802:
2723:
2669:
2633:
2537:
2499:
1318:
1291:
1058:
968:
834:
428:
3368:
3402:
3385:
3242:
3223:
3163:
2874:
2869:
2852:
2797:
2778:
2702:
2687:
2622:
2531:
2505:
2458:
1720:
760:
693:
503:
47:
3396:
2250:
1452:
8:
3538:
3421:
3233:
3157:
3151:
3127:
3071:
2864:
2847:
2822:
2807:
2772:
2766:
2741:
2729:
2697:
2658:
2616:
2600:
2595:
2568:
2548:
2524:
1686:
1257:
997:
818:
578:
339:
209:
205:
3485:
3379:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3169:
3138:
2981:
2943:
2885:
2879:
2812:
2791:
2756:
2751:
2663:
2578:
2542:
2275:
1803:
1782:
1436:
1187:: just 12,000 most of which being brought from Russia for non-agricultural activities.
900:
311:
217:
2327:
The administrative organization of Bessarabia under the Tsarist occupation (1812-1917)
3491:
3408:
3253:
3081:
2842:
2827:
2746:
2712:
2707:
2653:
2627:
2610:
2573:
2419:
2388:
2369:
2355:
2334:
2192:
1878:
1868:
1773:
1310:
1221:
853:
The Romanian politicians and public were angered by this action: Romanian politician
468:
256:
229:
2278:[The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897].
1038:
3511:
3260:
3116:
3086:
3076:
2832:
2817:
2717:
2590:
2473:
2079:
Philip Ernest Schoenberg, "The American Reaction to the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903."
1742:
1571:
1231:
973:
896:
886:
estimated ten percent of men and one percent of women were able to read and write.
787:
708:
674:, by which the Ottoman Empire acknowledged the Russian annexation of the province.
904:
3498:
3186:
3175:
2938:
2925:
2919:
2837:
1710:
1509:
1473:
1394:
1386:
1021:
1009:
916:
833:
later split from the second) to Moldavia, which joined Wallachia in 1859 to form
583:
486:
221:
670:
rivers. This was followed by six years of warfare, which were concluded by the
3505:
3098:
2992:
2961:
2347:
2060:
1623:
1607:
1345:
1265:
963:
931:
655:
606:
244:
197:
88:
1919:
3584:
3566:
3553:
3533:
indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
3218:
3213:
2392:
2245:
2135:
2131:
1936:
1671:
1444:
1050:
927:
882:
778:
Integration within the Russian Empire continued with the introduction of the
739:
286:
201:
114:
1882:
1076:
Ethnic groups in the European part of the Russian Empire before World War I.
3337:
3208:
3203:
3181:
1245:
1207:
1046:
794:
682:
388:
348:
275:
233:
2152:. Chișinău: Editura Asociației Uniunea Culturală Bisericească. p. 20.
1402:
805:
3479:
3198:
1082:
920:
764:
523:
423:
270:
Around 65% of the territory of the former governorate now belongs to the
2381:"Organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Basarabiei în perioada țaristă"
2322:
Organizarea administrativă a Basarabiei sub ocupaţia ţaristă (1812-1917)
1065:
outnumbering Romanians, while the rural areas of the centre were mostly
2260:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 821.
2123:
1353:
1062:
858:
644:
175:
164:
1525:
1066:
1001:
715:
705:
353:
213:
192:
1862:
2409:"Governments or Provinces of the Former Russian Empire: Bessarabia"
1253:
1196:
667:
659:
406:
383:
378:
255:. The Governorate was disbanded in 1917, with the establishment of
240:
2249:
1659:
1261:
870:
830:
779:
772:
747:
566:
279:
271:
225:
1072:
990:
809:
Map of the border between Moldavia/Romania and Russia, 1856-1878
224:
to the northwest. It roughly corresponds to what is now most of
3059:
3025:
2276:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г."
1615:
1517:
1481:
1249:
1176:
1054:
1042:
826:
743:
723:
701:
1587:
1579:
1237:
822:
719:
344:
2366:
The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture
1690:
1274:
1192:
1184:
980:
923:
800:
663:
2354:(Oxford History of Modern Europe). 1994, Clarendon Press.
1941:. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. pp. 31–32.
1264:
was split out of Ismail County. When again annexed by the
1008:, stepped down on 13 March and passed his legal powers to
2226:
939:
negative attention on the persecution of Jews in Russia.
817:, Russia was forced to return a significant territory in
1018:
the Comissar of the Provisional Government in Bessarabia
930:, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the
2054:
1817:
1796:
1183:
had little effects in Bessarabia, where there were few
2449:
1938:
The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands
704:); it is believed that the region was named after the
2293:
2291:
2289:
1766:
2406:
2214:
1670:'s death, it became an agent in the state policy of
289:
in early 1918 and in 1922, Romania annexed Moldova.
2150:
Cultura românească în Basarabia sub stăpânirea rusă
685:, which also became part of the Bessarabia Oblast.
654:As the Russian Empire noticed the weakening of the
2415:, London: Russian Outlook – via Open Library
2286:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1004:in 1917, the governor of Bessarabia Governorate,
658:, it occupied the eastern half of the autonomous
3582:
2268:
2095:"The pogrom that transformed 20th century Jewry"
2333:. Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei „Carol I”.
2189:Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule
2092:
2055:Rosenthal, Herman; Rosenthal, Max (1901–1906).
1912:
1910:
734:After the annexation, the local boyars, led by
2207:
2205:
2110:
2108:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1975:
1639:merged into Iaşi in 1818, split again in 1836
1199:, 15.8% Ukrainian, with just 14.2% Moldavian.
200:, with its administrative centre in Kishinev (
3601:States and territories disestablished in 1917
2435:
1994:
1992:
1959:
1957:
624:
129:45,632.42 km (17,618.78 sq mi)
1907:
247:-ruled territories annexed by Russia by the
2202:
2105:
2019:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1202:
259:, a national assembly which proclaimed the
3611:1810s establishments in the Russian Empire
3596:States and territories established in 1812
2442:
2428:
2378:
2232:
1989:
1954:
631:
617:
2042:
1930:
1928:
983:. In March 1907, the newspaper published
729:
2244:
1889:
1860:
1847:
1845:
1206:
1071:
804:
801:Southern Bessarabia returned to Moldavia
2147:
3583:
2318:
2220:
1934:
1925:
1920:Устав образования Бессарабской Области
3539:Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship
2423:
2164:"Historical Population of Bessarabia"
2138:, Cartea Moldovenească, 1991, p. 279.
1842:
2081:American Jewish Historical Quarterly
972:(first issue on 24 May 1906) led by
239:It included the eastern part of the
2114:Hitchins, pp. 249–250; King, p. 29.
1694:used only Romanian in the liturgy.
1037:According to Bessarabian historian
953:Societatea pentru Cultură Naţională
910:
845:, Russia took southern Bessarabia,
274:(including the breakaway region of
13:
3606:Governorates of the Russian Empire
2451:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
2400:
2368:, 2000, Hoover Institution Press.
1622:
1586:
1524:
1488:
1451:
1401:
1360:
1323:
1256:in 1856. There they were known as
966:. They founded a newspaper called
692:(the Upper Lands, the area of the
14:
3622:
2093:Corydon Ireland (April 9, 2009).
1986:King, pp. 22–23; Hitchins, p. 41.
2069:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2048:
1716:Bessarabia Governorate (Romania)
813:In 1856, under the terms of the
750:of the Russian Orthodox Church.
600:
494:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
321:
73:
58:
21:Bessarabia Governorate (Romania)
2387:. III (2). Chișinău: 203–212.
2300:
2238:
2181:
2156:
2141:
2117:
2086:
2073:
2033:
2010:
2001:
1061:), the immigration resulted in
1032:
2297:Hitchins, p. 244; King, p. 25.
1966:
1945:
1854:
1733:
1260:with three counties because a
934:, on April 19 and 20, 1903. A
589:History of independent Moldova
474:Romanian military intervention
79:Location in the Russian Empire
1:
2407:William Henry Beable (1919),
1951:King, p. 24; Hitchins p. 239.
1831:
1685:(1844–1858) tried to promote
1656:orthodox church in Bessarabia
1027:County/Governorate Commissars
843:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
769:Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
681:, Turkey ceded to Russia the
649:
462:Moldavian Democratic Republic
263:in December 1917. The latter
261:Moldavian Democratic Republic
253:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
30:Governorate in Russian Empire
1836:
1564:, merged into Ismail in 1818
1423:, merged into Bender in 1818
1211:Bessarabia Governorate, 1883
7:
2413:Russian Gazetteer and Guide
2262:in the 1911 edition of the
1818:
1797:
1767:
1704:
1549:between 1830 and 1836, and
1429:, merged into Codru in 1816
1181:Emancipation reform of 1861
942:
243:along with the neighboring
25:Bessarabia (disambiguation)
10:
3627:
2312:
1340:split from Bender in 1818
876:
755:1821 Wallachian Revolution
677:In 1829, according to the
672:Treaty of Bucharest (1812)
642:
292:
137:430 m (1,410 ft)
18:
3527:
3471:
3436:
3332:
3275:
3232:
3107:
3058:
3024:
2910:
2457:
2379:Poștarencu, Dinu (2009).
1861:Mitrasca, Marcel (2002).
1807:
1786:
1756:
1746:
1645:
1633:(1,762.2 sq mi)
1597:(1,595.9 sq mi)
1535:(3,571.5 sq mi)
1499:(1,538.8 sq mi)
1468:split from Orhei in 1836
1412:(2,084.4 sq mi)
1371:(2,140.4 sq mi)
1296:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1273:
797:, as well as Bessarabia.
278:); around 35% belongs to
173:
162:
154:
146:
141:
133:
125:
120:
110:
102:
94:
84:
72:
54:
45:
35:
2148:Ciobanu, Ștefan (1923).
1726:
1252:County were returned to
1203:Administrative divisions
1006:Mihail Mihail Voronovici
660:Principality of Moldavia
499:Transnistria Governorate
407:Principality of Moldavia
394:Voivodeship of Maramureș
241:Principality of Moldavia
39:
16:1812–1917 unit of Russia
2319:Cornea, Sergiu (2019).
2264:Encyclopædia Britannica
2257:Encyclopædia Britannica
2066:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1935:Stoica, Vasile (1919).
1787:Бессара́бська губе́рнія
1768:Bessarábskaya gubérniya
1757:Бессара́бская губе́рнія
1699:1905 Russian Revolution
1664:Russian Orthodox Church
1462:(1,437 sq mi)
1334:(3,200 sq mi)
1097:Romanians (Moldavians)
1012:, the President of the
951:, organized around the
867:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
736:Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni
574:Independence of Moldova
554:Anti-fascist resistance
374:Origin of the Romanians
3591:Bessarabia Governorate
3541:was abolished in 1876.
3224:Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
2211:Hitchins, pp. 242–243.
2101:. The Harvard Gazette.
2063:; et al. (eds.).
2030:Hitchins, pp. 248–249.
1972:Hitchins, pp. 53, 202.
1963:Hitchins, pp. 240–241.
1798:Bessarábsʼka hubérniia
1777:
1752:pre-reform orthography
1652:Metropolis of Moldavia
1627:
1591:
1529:
1493:
1456:
1406:
1365:
1328:
1235:
1225:
1212:
1077:
810:
738:, the Metropolitan of
730:Oblast and governorate
442:Bessarabia Governorate
188:Bessarabia Governorate
158:42/km (110/sq mi)
134:Highest elevation
37:Bessarabia Governorate
23:. For other uses, see
3567:47.02444°N 28.83222°E
2083:63.3 (1974): 262–283.
2057:"Kishinef (Kishinev)"
1808:Бесара́бска губе́рния
1747:Бессарабская губерния
1626:
1590:
1528:
1492:
1455:
1405:
1364:
1327:
1210:
1075:
986:Deşteaptă-te, române!
808:
429:United Principalities
40:Бессарабская губерния
3440:Galicia and Bukovina
3109:Caucasus Viceroyalty
2648:Little Russia (1796)
2641:Little Russia (1764)
1998:Hitchins, pp. 47–48.
1819:Besarábska gubérniya
1721:Bessarabian question
881:As a consequence of
761:Nicholas I of Russia
694:Carpathian Mountains
679:Treaty of Adrianople
155: • Density
3563: /
3234:Baltic Governorates
1689:and loyalty to the
1687:Russian nationalism
1258:Southern Bessarabia
1244:Two of the latter,
998:February Revolution
926:that took place in
855:Mihail Kogălniceanu
847:Alexander Gorchakov
829:counties, with the
819:Southern Bessarabia
579:War of Transnistria
567:Republic of Moldova
549:Soviet deportations
449:Treaty of Bucharest
340:Chernyakhov culture
272:Republic of Moldova
265:united with Romania
249:Treaty of Bucharest
210:Kherson Governorate
206:Podolia Governorate
3572:47.02444; 28.83222
3486:Emirate of Bukhara
3117:Baku (Governorate)
2352:Rumania: 1866-1947
2251:"Bessarabia"
2134:, 1923, reprinted
2128:Istoria Basarabiei
1778:Gubernia Basarabia
1628:
1592:
1530:
1494:
1457:
1427:Hotărniceni County
1407:
1366:
1329:
1213:
1078:
1016:, which was named
960:national democrats
901:Constantin Stamati
821:(organised as the
811:
607:Moldova portal
228:and some parts of
208:to the north, the
147: • Total
126: • Total
3546:
3545:
3492:Khanate of Kokand
3082:Semirechye Oblast
2682:Novgorod-Seversky
2340:978-606-654-328-6
2306:Hitchins, p. 247.
2187:Marcel Mitrasca,
2039:Hitchins, p. 245.
1816:
1795:
1765:
1754:
1643:
1642:
1169:
1168:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1014:Gubernial Zemstvo
869:, Romania gained
865:According to the
641:
640:
544:Soviet occupation
367:Early Middle Ages
220:to the west, and
212:to the east, the
184:
183:
3618:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3512:Khanate of Khiva
3145:Georgia-Imeretia
3087:Syr-Darya Oblast
3044:Siberian Kirghiz
2969:Orenburg Kirghiz
2762:Saint Petersburg
2444:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2396:
2344:
2332:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2280:Demoscope Weekly
2272:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2200:
2191:, Algora, 2002,
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2166:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2017:
2016:Hitchins, p. 52.
2014:
2008:
2007:Hitchins, p. 49.
2005:
1999:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1904:King, pp. 21–22.
1902:
1887:
1886:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1737:
1668:Bănulescu-Bodoni
1305:Name in Russian
1302:Name in Romanian
1271:
1270:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1088:
1087:
974:Constantin Stere
911:Kishinev pogroms
903:(1786–1869) and
897:Alexandru Hasdeu
788:Russian nobility
767:and Bessarabia,
709:house of Basarab
633:
626:
619:
605:
604:
603:
419:Early Modern Era
325:
315:
297:
296:
285:Then it becomes
190:was a province (
77:
62:
33:
32:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3581:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3523:
3518:Zeravshan Okrug
3499:Russian America
3467:
3439:
3438:Governorates of
3432:
3328:
3271:
3228:
3103:
3054:
3020:
2906:
2785:Sloboda Ukraine
2676:Nizhny Novgorod
2461:
2453:
2448:
2403:
2401:Further reading
2341:
2330:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2287:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2243:
2239:
2233:Poștarencu 2009
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2061:Singer, Isidore
2049:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1933:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1890:
1875:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1711:Comrat Republic
1707:
1650:Split from the
1648:
1632:
1631:4,564.2 km
1617:
1596:
1595:4,133.4 km
1581:
1543:Tomarovo County
1534:
1533:9,250.2 km
1519:
1498:
1497:3,985.4 km
1483:
1461:
1446:
1411:
1410:5,398.5 km
1396:
1370:
1369:5,543.5 km
1355:
1333:
1289:
1282:Arms of capital
1227:ținut and județ
1205:
1101:
1035:
1022:Vladimir Criste
1010:Constantin Mimi
945:
917:Kishinev pogrom
913:
879:
815:Treaty of Paris
803:
732:
652:
647:
637:
601:
599:
594:
593:
584:Gagauz Republic
569:
559:
558:
539:
529:
528:
519:
509:
508:
489:
487:Greater Romania
479:
478:
464:
454:
453:
444:
434:
433:
409:
399:
398:
369:
359:
358:
335:
313:
306:
295:
267:in April 1918.
80:
68:
67:
66:
65:
50:
41:
38:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3544:
3543:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3506:Uryankhay Krai
3502:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Abo-Byorneborg
3285:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3064:Turkestan Krai
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2897:Yekaterinoslav
2894:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2494:Archangelgorod
2490:
2485:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2376:
2364:Charles King,
2362:
2348:Keith Hitchins
2345:
2339:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2285:
2267:
2248:, ed. (1911).
2246:Chisholm, Hugh
2237:
2235:, p. 203.
2225:
2213:
2201:
2180:
2155:
2140:
2116:
2104:
2085:
2072:
2041:
2032:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1988:
1974:
1965:
1953:
1944:
1924:
1906:
1888:
1873:
1867:. Algora Pub.
1853:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1801:
1780:
1771:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1697:Following the
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:Greceni County
1539:
1536:
1531:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1266:Russian Empire
1262:Bolgrad County
1204:
1201:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1039:Ștefan Ciobanu
1034:
1031:
964:social justice
958:The radicals (
944:
941:
936:further pogrom
932:Russian Empire
912:
909:
878:
875:
802:
799:
731:
728:
662:, between the
656:Ottoman Empire
651:
648:
643:Main article:
639:
638:
636:
635:
628:
621:
613:
610:
609:
596:
595:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
570:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
551:
546:
540:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
520:
517:Moldavian ASSR
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
490:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
471:
465:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
410:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
370:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
342:
336:
331:
330:
327:
326:
318:
317:
308:
307:
300:
294:
291:
251:following the
216:to the south,
198:Russian Empire
182:
181:
178:
171:
170:
167:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
89:Russian Empire
86:
82:
81:
78:
70:
69:
63:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3623:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3050:Semipalatinsk
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2374:0-8179-9791-1
2371:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:0-19-822126-6
2357:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2282:(in Russian).
2281:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2223:, p. 40.
2222:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2197:1-892941-86-4
2194:
2190:
2184:
2170:on 2013-12-24
2169:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:0-87586-184-9
1870:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:Irinarh Popov
1679:
1675:
1673:
1672:Russification
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:Comrat County
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:3,723 km
1459:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:8,288 km
1331:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1229:
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1223:
1219:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:and Russians
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Russification
1048:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
988:
987:
982:
977:
975:
971:
970:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
949:Pavel Dicescu
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
922:
918:
908:
906:
905:Teodor Vârnav
902:
899:(1811–1872),
898:
893:
891:
887:
884:
883:Russification
874:
872:
868:
863:
860:
856:
851:
848:
844:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
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796:
791:
789:
783:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
727:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
646:
634:
629:
627:
622:
620:
615:
614:
612:
611:
608:
598:
597:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
563:
562:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:Moldavian SSR
533:
532:
525:
522:
521:
518:
513:
512:
505:
504:The Holocaust
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
488:
483:
482:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:
458:
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438:
437:
430:
427:
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412:
411:
408:
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395:
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371:
368:
363:
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355:
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337:
334:
329:
328:
324:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
304:
299:
298:
290:
288:
287:Moldavian SSR
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
234:Odesa Oblasts
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:
189:
179:
177:
174: •
172:
168:
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163: •
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
76:
71:
61:
53:
49:
44:
34:
26:
22:
3548:
3530:
3516:
3497:
3490:
3478:
3472:Dependencies
3420:
3413:
3401:
3384:
3367:
3345:
3334:Governorates
3314:Sankt-Mikhel
3277:Governorates
3259:
3252:
3191:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3143:
3126:
3091:
3072:Transcaspian
3042:
3030:Stepnoy Krai
2998:
2991:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2884:
2857:
2790:
2783:
2771:
2734:
2680:
2668:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2615:
2583:
2563:Ingermanland
2561:
2554:
2547:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2492:
2472:
2459:Governorates
2412:
2384:
2365:
2351:
2326:
2321:
2302:
2279:
2270:
2255:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2188:
2183:
2172:. Retrieved
2168:the original
2158:
2149:
2143:
2127:
2119:
2098:
2088:
2080:
2075:
2064:
2044:
2035:
2012:
2003:
1968:
1947:
1937:
1917:(in Russian)
1863:
1856:
1851:King, p. 19.
1735:
1696:
1680:
1676:
1666:, and after
1649:
1561:
1555:
1551:Cahul County
1550:
1547:Leova County
1546:
1545:until 1816,
1542:
1426:
1421:Codru County
1420:
1378:
1315:Аккерманскій
1246:Cahul County
1243:
1217:
1214:
1189:
1170:
1079:
1036:
1033:Demographics
1026:
1017:
1000:happened in
995:
993:afterwards.
984:
978:
967:
959:
957:
952:
946:
914:
894:
890:Alexander II
888:
880:
864:
852:
839:
812:
795:Transylvania
792:
784:
777:
759:
752:
733:
713:
697:
689:
687:
683:Danube Delta
676:
653:
469:Sfatul Țării
441:
389:Golden Horde
349:Free Dacians
284:
276:Transnistria
269:
257:Sfatul Țării
238:
236:of Ukraine.
191:
187:
185:
64:Coat of arms
3570: /
3480:Bukey Horde
3134:Elizavetpol
2982:Primorskaya
2944:Transbaikal
2693:Novorossiya
2585:Kiev (1708)
2488:Arkhangelsk
2221:Cornea 2019
2099:harvard.edu
1681:Archbishop
1514:Измаильскій
1447:(Kishinyov)
1441:Кишиневскій
1381:until 1887
1379:Iaşi County
1292:1897 census
1100:Ukrainians
1094:Population
1083:Novorossiya
921:anti-Jewish
698:Ţara de Jos
690:Ţara de Sus
524:Moldovenism
424:Phanariotes
312:History of
95:Established
48:Governorate
3585:Categories
3558:28°49′56″E
3555:47°01′28″N
3463:Chernovtsy
3403:Podlyashye
2933:Bessarabia
2859:Voznesensk
2512:Bessarabia
2174:2013-01-27
2124:Ion Nistor
1832:References
1658:became an
1576:Оргѣевскій
1391:Бендерскій
1288:Population
1156:1,935,412
1063:Ukrainians
859:memorandum
765:New Russia
706:Wallachian
650:Annexation
645:Bessarabia
414:Foundation
230:Chernivtsi
142:Population
3453:Peremyshl
3319:Tavastgus
3122:Black Sea
3093:Turkestan
3077:Samarkand
3038:Akmolinsk
2949:Kamchatka
2902:Yeniseysk
2892:Yaroslavl
2803:Stavropol
2724:Petrograd
2670:Nikolayev
2634:Lithuania
2538:Chernigov
2500:Astrakhan
2393:1857-0240
2385:Tyragetia
1837:Citations
1813:romanized
1804:Bulgarian
1792:romanized
1783:Ukrainian
1762:romanized
1612:Сорокскій
1582:(Orgeyev)
1541:known as
1478:Хотинскій
1397:(Bendery)
1377:known as
1002:Petrograd
996:When the
969:Basarabia
716:Romanians
354:Bastarnae
333:Antiquity
214:Black Sea
196:) of the
193:guberniya
150:1,935,412
103:Abolished
98:1812/1873
3458:Tarnopol
3415:Sandomir
3392:Petrokov
3347:Avgustov
3324:Uleaborg
3243:Courland
3193:Imeretia
3187:Dagestan
3176:Armenian
3164:Shemakha
3000:Tarnopol
2987:Sakhalin
2962:Kwantung
2939:Don Host
2926:Belostok
2875:Voronezh
2870:Volhynia
2853:Vladimir
2798:Smolensk
2779:Simbirsk
2703:Orenburg
2688:Novgorod
2623:Kostroma
2556:Iziaslav
2532:Caucasus
2518:Bratslav
2506:Belgorod
2199:, p. 25.
2136:Chişinău
2132:Cernăuţi
1883:50296800
1774:Romanian
1705:See also
1618:(Soroki)
1520:(Izmail)
1484:(Khotin)
1445:Chișinău
1437:Chișinău
1356:(Beltsy)
1350:Бѣлецкій
1319:Akkerman
1311:Akkerman
1254:Moldavia
1236:tsynut,
1222:Romanian
1195:, 24.4%
1179:"). The
1139:990,000
1113:482,630
1067:Romanian
1059:Akkerman
943:Politics
928:Kishinev
740:Chișinău
668:Dniester
384:Brodnici
379:Tivertsi
303:a series
301:Part of
202:Chișinău
115:Kishinev
3531:Italics
3428:Suvalki
3422:Sedlets
3386:Mazovia
3380:Lyublin
3309:Nyuland
3281:Finland
3267:Estonia
3248:Livonia
3219:Zakatal
3214:Sukhumi
3158:Kutaisi
3152:Georgia
3128:Derbent
3099:Fergana
3060:Oblasts
3026:Oblasts
2993:Taurida
2955:Caspian
2912:Oblasts
2865:Vologda
2848:Vitebsk
2823:Tobolsk
2808:Taurida
2773:Siberia
2767:Saratov
2742:Poltava
2736:Polotsk
2730:Podolia
2698:Olonets
2659:Mogilev
2617:Kolyvan
2601:Kherson
2596:Kharkov
2569:Irkutsk
2549:Finland
2525:Belarus
2313:Sources
1815::
1794::
1764::
1743:Russian
1662:of the
1660:eparchy
1636:218,861
1600:213,478
1538:244,274
1502:307,532
1465:279,657
1415:194,915
1374:211,448
1337:265,247
1279:Capital
1232:Russian
1197:Russian
1091:Census
1020:, with
919:was an
877:Culture
871:Dobruja
835:Romania
831:Bolgrad
780:zemstva
773:Siberia
748:eparchy
314:Moldova
293:History
280:Ukraine
245:Ottoman
226:Moldova
222:Austria
218:Romania
111:Capital
85:Country
3397:Plotsk
3375:Lomzha
3369:Krakov
3363:Keltsy
3358:Kalish
3353:Warsaw
3338:Poland
3304:Kuopio
3299:Vyborg
3170:Tiflis
3139:Erivan
3006:Turgay
2886:Vyborg
2880:Vyatka
2813:Tambov
2792:Slonim
2757:Samara
2752:Ryazan
2664:Moscow
2579:Kaluga
2543:Grodno
2391:
2372:
2358:
2337:
2329:]
2195:
2053:
1881:
1871:
1654:, the
1646:Church
1616:Soroca
1608:Soroca
1518:Ismail
1510:Ismail
1395:Bender
1387:Bender
1275:County
1250:Ismail
1218:county
1193:Jewish
1177:yeomen
1173:răzeşi
1165:11.7%
1162:18.9%
1130:(est.)
1124:(est.)
1118:(est.)
1047:Khotyn
1043:Budjak
827:Ismail
724:vassal
720:boyars
718:. The
702:Budjak
696:) and
305:on the
180:84.84%
169:15.16%
3409:Radom
3254:Reval
3209:Terek
3204:Kuban
3182:Batum
3016:Yakut
2843:Vilna
2828:Tomsk
2747:Pskov
2713:Penza
2708:Oryol
2654:Minsk
2628:Kursk
2611:Kovno
2606:Kholm
2574:Kazan
2482:Altai
2331:(PDF)
2325:[
2059:. In
1727:Notes
1580:Orhei
1572:Orhei
1482:Hotin
1474:Hotin
1354:Bălți
1346:Bălți
1297:Note
1238:uyezd
1220:were
1185:serfs
1153:1897
1136:1856
1128:4.2%
1122:6.5%
1110:1817
1105:Jews
1055:Hotin
823:Cahul
744:Hotin
345:Dacia
176:Rural
165:Urban
3448:Lvov
3294:Vaza
3261:Riga
3199:Kars
3011:Ural
2976:Omsk
2920:Amur
2833:Tula
2818:Tver
2718:Perm
2591:Kiev
2474:Azov
2464:List
2389:ISSN
2370:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2335:ISBN
2193:ISBN
1879:OCLC
1869:ISBN
1691:tsar
1285:Area
1248:and
1230:(in
1159:56%
1145:12%
1142:74%
1116:86%
1057:and
1045:and
991:Iaşi
981:Duma
924:riot
915:The
825:and
742:and
666:and
664:Prut
232:and
186:The
121:Area
106:1918
3336:of
3279:of
3062:of
3028:of
2838:Ufa
1241:).
1148:8%
3587::
3537:³
3529:¹
2411:,
2350:,
2288:^
2254:.
2204:^
2130:,
2126:,
2107:^
2097:.
2021:^
1991:^
1977:^
1956:^
1927:^
1909:^
1891:^
1877:.
1844:^
1810:,
1806::
1789:,
1785::
1776::
1759:,
1755::
1749:,
1745::
1674:.
1234::
1224::
1175:("
1069:.
1029:.
837:.
347:,
282:.
3508:²
3504:*
3236:³
2726:²
2722:*
2484:²
2480:+
2477:¹
2466:)
2462:(
2443:e
2436:t
2429:v
2395:.
2343:.
2177:.
1885:.
1294:)
1290:(
632:e
625:t
618:v
27:.
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