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764:, in order to stop these attacks and demands for more and more money. The United States had signed treaties with all of the Barbary states after its independence was recognized between 1786 and 1794 to pay tribute in exchange for leaving American merchantmen alone, and by 1797, the United States had paid out $ 1.25 million or a fifth of the government's annual budget in tribute. These demands for tribute imposed a heavy financial drain and by 1799 the U.S. was in arrears of $ 140,000 to Algiers and some $ 150,000 to Tripoli. Many Americans resented these payments, arguing that the money would be better spent on a navy that would protect American ships from the attacks of the Barbary pirates, and in the
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617:. Originally starting out with the goal of capturing individuals for the domestic North African slave trade, the focus later shifted to kidnapping for ransom. By the 19th century, pirate activity had declined, but Barbary pirates continued to demand tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean. Refusal to pay would result in the capture of American ships and goods, and often the enslavement or ransoming of crew members.
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requisite by the
President" to protect the "commerce and seamen" of the United States on the "Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas." Congress also authorized the president to grant the U.S. Navy the ability to seize all vessels and goods belonging to Algiers. The legislation also authorized the president to commission
910:(April 30, 1789 – 1797), and after America failed to form an American-European alliance against the Maghreb countries, the U.S. announced its desire to establish friendly relations with Algiers in February 1792, and reported this to the Dey Hassan III Pasha, like how Great Britain bought peace and security for its ships.
1164:(1809-1815) confirming to him the bonds of friendship that united the two countries and declaring his country's readiness to defend Algiers against every aggressor as long as these ties remained. By that he intended to win over Algiers to Britain against America, or at least convince Algiers to adopt a position of
1216:
followed on April 12, 1815 informing him of
America's decision to enter into war against him and giving him the choice between peace and war after reminding him of the horrors of war and the advantages of peace and understanding. In the year 1816, Dey Omar answered this letter and offered America the
1176:
recommended that
Congress declare the "existence of a state of war between the United States and the Dey and Regency of Algiers." While Congress did not formally declare a state of war, they did pass legislation, enacted on March 3, 1815, that authorized the president to use the U.S. Navy, "as judged
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objected to it for fear of its high financial costs, and more
Algerian ships attacked American ships because of their lack of association with Algiers by any treaty in this period. Thus, in February 1, 1791, the US Congress was forced to allocate $ 40,000 to free American captives in Algiers. But two
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tried to refloat her by casting off all of her guns and other objects that weighed it down. The ship was eventually captured and the crew taken prisoners and enslaved. To prevent this powerful warship from being used by the
Barbary pirates, the ship was later destroyed by a raiding party of American
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administration to suppress the piracy. The
Federalist Party had adopted the slogan, "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute," but had failed to end the attacks on merchant ships. From 1796 to 1797 French raiders seized some 316 American merchant ships flying American colors. To counter
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When the
American government began negotiating with Algiers, the Dey asked for $ 2,435,000 as the price for the peace contract and the ransom of the prisoners, then reduced the amount to $ 642,500 and $ 21,000 in military equipment that is presented to Algiers every year. Reconciliation took place
724:
Since the 1600s, the
Barbary pirates had attacked British shipping along the northern coast of Africa, holding captives for ransom or enslaving them. Ransoms were generally raised by families and local church groups, including the Roman Catholic Church. The British became familiar with
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ARTICLE 2d It is distinctly understood between the
Contracting parties, that no tribute either as biennial presents, or under any other form or name whatever, shall ever be required by the Dey and Regency of Algiers from the United States of America on any pretext
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renewal of the previous treaty concluded during the reign of Hassan Pasha (1791-1798). Madison answered him on August 21 and asked him to resume negotiations. These were renewed and ended with a peace agreement in favor of
America. The
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concluded a peace treaty with Algiers in 1785, the Algerian corsair captains entered the waters of the Atlantic and attacked American ships, refusing to release them except for large sums of money. Two American ships, the
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and had no seagoing military force, its government agreed in 1786 to pay tribute to stop the attacks. On March 20, 1794, at the urging of President George Washington, Congress voted to authorize the building of
840:
I was very unwilling that we should acquiesce in the European humiliation of paying a tribute to those lawless pirates and endeavored to form an association of the powers subject to habitual depredations from
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The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitian War or the Barbary Coast War, was the first of two wars fought by the alliance of the United States and several European countries against the
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on North Africa. When this proposal was presented to the concerned countries, France refused, and Spain apologized for not accepting it, because of its recent treaty with Algiers. The proposal was favored by
1042:. This war began during Thomas Jefferson's term when he refused to pay an amount that greatly increased when he became president. A U.S. naval fleet was sent on May 13, 1801, under the command of Commodore
951:, to also sign this treaty, and peace would be achieved for America in the entire Mediterranean basin. On September 5, 1795, American negotiator Joseph Donaldson signed a peace treaty with the
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raiding the coasts of Ireland and western Britain, and going as far north as Iceland, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean. In addition to seizing ships, they engaged in
639:, with the encouragement of the United Kingdom, the Barbary corsairs resumed their attacks on American vessels. Following the conclusion of the War of 1812 and America's peace with Britain,
1168:. Thus, the countries of Europe and the United States of America failed to ally against the countries of the Islamic Maghreb and Algiers in particular, and the matter so remained until the
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declared that merchant ships of the new American nation would be under the protection of the sultanate and could thus enjoy safe passage into the Mediterranean and along the coast. The
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fleet to the Mediterranean to combat the Barbary pirates. The fleet bombarded numerous fortified cities in present-day Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria, ultimately extracting concessions of
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states known collectively as the Barbary states. These were Tripoli and Algiers, quasi-independent entities nominally belonging to the Ottoman Empire, and (briefly) the independent
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in part by noting that the United States was "subjected to the spoliations of foreign cruisers" and was humiliated by paying "an enormous tribute to the petty tyrant of Algiers".
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643:, Jefferson's successor, directed military forces against the Barbary states in the Second Barbary War. Lasting only three days, the second conflict ended the need for further
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The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes] A Political, Social, and Military History
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1196:(1815-1817), American-Algerian relations worsened when the Dey began to demand an increase in the annual tribute. The Americans went to Algiers to fight under Commodore
2366:
Banham, Cynthia, and Brett Goodin. "Negotiating Liberty: The Use of Political Opportunities and Civil Society by Barbary State Captives and Guantánamo Bay Detainees."
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Schifalacqua, John F. "James Madison and America's First Encounter with Islam: Tracing James Madison's Engagement with Barbary Affairs Through the 1st Barbary War."
513:
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903:" on the need to establish a defensive naval fleet, but stipulated in one of its articles that the project be stopped if an agreement was reached with Algiers.
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stands as America's oldest unbroken friendship treaty with a foreign power. In 1787, Morocco became one of the first nations to recognize the United States.
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Page, Kate. "Those Pirates and Muslim Barbarians: The American Public View of the Barbary Nations and the United States Participation in the Barbary War."
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A treaty was reached on June 30, 1805, under which America paid Algiers $ 60,000 ransom for the prisoners, and agreed to continue sending gifts to the
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from the United States, granted the U.S. full shipping rights in the Mediterranean Sea, and significantly reduced incidents of piracy in the region.
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Colás, Alejandro. "Barbary Coast in the expansion of international society: Piracy, privateering, and corsairing as primary institutions."
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in 1800, "It is a maxim of the Barbary States, that 'The Christians who would be on good terms with them must fight well or pay well.'"
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Bow, C. B. "Waging War for the Righteous: William Eaton on Enlightenment, Empire, and Coup d'état in the First Barbary War, 1801–1805."
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1294:
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Vick, Brian. "Power, Humanitarianism and the Global Liberal Order: Abolition and the Barbary Corsairs in the Vienna Congress System."
2592:
Ribeiro, Jorge Martins. "Conflict and peace in the Mediterranean: barbary privateering in the late 18th and early 19th centuries." in
836:, who was elected to the presidency twice, was inclined to the idea of confronting Algiers with force. He wrote in his autobiography:
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who operated out of North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Tunis, Tripoli, and Algiers. This area was known in Europe as the
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101.348 (2016): 692–709. Argues that the First Barbary War was not a 'Holy War' nor the first American war on Islamic terrorism.
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were captured by Algerian pirates in July 1785 and the survivors forced into slavery, their ransom set at $ 60,000. A rumor that
499:
2476:
Fullmer, Jason. "Jeffersonian Nationalism vs. Enlightenment: Securing American Core Values amidst the Barbary Wars, 1801–1809."
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Commodore Decatur's Squadron capturing the Algerian pirate ship Mashuda, on 17 June 1815. Mashuda, flagship of the Algerian Navy
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lasting only three days, ending on 19 June 1815. The Barbary Wars were the first major American war fought entirely outside the
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The American Presidents, Washington to Tyler: What They Did, What They Said, What Was Said About Them, with Full Source Notes
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1963:
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The First Americans in North Africa: William Eaton's Struggle for a Vigorous Policy Against the Barbary Pirates, 1799–1805
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When the United States military efforts of the early 19th century were successful against the pirates, partisans of the
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1834:""Millions for Credit: Peace with Algiers and the Establishment of America's Commercial Reputation Overseas, 1795–96.""
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865:, provided that naval operations would be directed against Algerian vessels in particular, and then impose a maritime
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613:. Since the 16th century, North African pirates had captured ships and even raided European coastal areas across the
130:
2086:"Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications"
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716:, but in practice they were operating independently and the Ottoman government in Constantinople was not involved.
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contrasted their presidents' refusals to buy off the pirates by paying tribute with the failure of the preceding
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Rejeb, Lotfi Ben. "‘The general belief of the world’: Barbary as genre and discourse in Mediterranean history."
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1395:"Research Guides: Battle Studies, Country Studies, & Staff Rides: Barbary Wars & the Battle of Tripoli"
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1989:
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Gawalt, Gerard W. "America and the Barbary pirates: An international battle against an unconventional foe."
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Christian slaves, Muslim masters: white slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800
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royal court and family. America suffered another humiliation when it sent tribute carried by the large armed
891:
2531:
Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation
1447:"Avalon Project - The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816 - Treaty of Peace, Signed Algiers June 30 and July 3, 1815"
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2710::An online exhibit on the Barbary Wars with images and transcriptions of primary documents from the period.
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705:, Ireland, and as far away as Iceland. The main purpose of their attacks was to capture Europeans for the
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Turner, Robert F. "President Thomas Jefferson and the Barbary Pirates." In Bruce A Elleman, et al. eds.,
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850:
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17:
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Wolfe, Stephen. "Borders, Bodies, and Writing: American Barbary Coast Captivity Narratives, 1816-1819."
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Tripoli and the United States at War: A History of American Relations with the Barbary States, 1785-1805
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and replace its consul with another one, then withdrew its fleet from the Mediterranean in 1807.
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Starting in the 1780s, realizing that American vessels were no longer under the protection of the
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1538:"Milestones of American Diplomacy, Interesting Historical Notes, and Department of State History"
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was forced to pay $ 10,000 in compensation and to renounce all that America had been paying him.
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737:
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59:
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751:, the Barbary pirates seized American ships in the Mediterranean. As the U.S. had disbanded its
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Pirates of Barbary: Corsairs, Conquests and Captivity in the Seventeenth-Century Mediterranean
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Crane, Jacob. "Barbary (an) Invasions: The North African Figure in Republican Print Culture."
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about that time, had been captured by Barbary pirates, caused considerable upset in the U.S.
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Kilmeade, Brian and Yeager, Don. "Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates" (Sentinel, 2015)
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when she ran aground on an uncharted reef. Under fire from shore batteries and Tripolitan
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Sayre, Gordon M. "Renegades from Barbary: The Transnational Turn in Captivity Studies."
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America paid to Algiers during the presidency of George Washington and his successor,
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of Algiers, with 22 articles that included an upfront payment of $ 642,500 in specie (
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White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives
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Crane, Jacob. "Peter Parley in Tripoli: Barbary Slavery and Imaginary Citizenship."
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1001:(1797-1801), $ 1,000,000, or a fifth of the government's annual budget, in tribute.
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959:) for peace, the release of American captives, expenses, and various gifts for the
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The End of Barbary Terror, America's 1815 War Against the Pirates of North Africa
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1482:"BBC - History - British History in depth: British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"
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The Tripolitan war, 1801-1805; America meets the menace of the Barbary pirates
736:, the pirates attacked American ships. On December 20, 1777, Morocco's sultan
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675:. The corsairs predation covered the Mediterranean, and extended south along
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2321:الموجز في تاريخ الجزائر - الجزء الثاني (Brief history of Algeria - Part Two)
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Captives and Countrymen: Barbary Slavery and the American Public, 1785–1816
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Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present
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The Life and Services of Commodore William Bainbridge, United States Navy
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carrying tribute to the Ottoman sultan in 1800. As Lieutenant and consul
689:, raids on European coastal towns and villages, mainly in Italy, France,
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636:
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The wars in Barbary; Arab piracy and the birth of the United States Navy
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The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World, 1776-1815
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between America and Britain in 1812, the regent on the British throne,
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The American Spirit: The Story of Commodore William Phillip Bainbridge
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Life of Stephen Decatur: a commodore in the Navy of the United States
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Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, New York & Chicago. pp.
1953:(principally collected from his correspondence and other manuscripts)
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American Travelers on the Nile: Early US Visitors to Egypt, 1774-1839
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to hoist an Ottoman Algerian flag over his warship before sailing to
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Sacred Interests: The United States and the Islamic World, 1821–1921
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ESQ: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture
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The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power.
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930:, and his subjects: a scan of the original document handwritten in
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Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León
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2300:. Naval Institute Press, 2004, Annapolis, Maryland. p. 245.
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Marines and soldiers and allied sailors from the armed forces of
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To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines
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Thomas Barclay 1728–1793: Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary
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A 44-gun Algerian corsair appeared at Río de la Plata in 1720.
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315:
303:
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1970:(from The Oxford Companion to American Military History). 2000
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Painting depicting the bombardment of Tripoli on 3 August 1804
1090:
1016:, during the boarding of a Tripolitan gunboat on 3 August 1804
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Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies
1777:
The Papers of George Washington: September 1791-February 1792
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1492:
800:
Brigantine Polly of Newburyport Captured by Algerine Pirates
3312:
1629:
1408:
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/barbary-wars
679:'s Atlantic, even to the eastern coast of Brazil, into the
590:
since 1800 and was joined by the newly independent US. The
586:
in the early 19th century. Sweden had been at war with the
2126:"Treaty of Peace, Signed Algiers June 30 and July 3, 1815"
5190:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
2713:
1344:
Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror 1801–1805
913:
2084:
Elsea, Jennifer K.; Weed, Matthew C. (April 18, 2014).
1014:
Stephen Decatur's Conflict with the Algerine at Tripoli
30:
For the articles examining each war individually, see
5160:
History of the foreign relations of the United States
1699:
Emperor of Liberty: Thomas Jefferson's Foreign Policy
975:" to Algiers; Dey Mustapha Pasha forced US commodore
784:
2573:
The Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800-1820
1874:
Horrors of Slavery, Or, the American Tars in Tripoli
1370:"Presidential War Powers: The Constitutional Answer"
624:
became president of the US in March 1801, he sent a
594:
extended from 10 May 1801 to 10 June 1805, with the
2500:
Lords of the sea: a history of the Barbary corsairs
1512:
Captives: Britain, Empire, and the World, 1600–1850
857:A proposal was made to put up a coalition of naval
632:from the Barbary states and ending the first war.
85:
May 10, 1801 – June 10, 1805 & June 17–19, 1815
2266:
1898:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 50.
729:written by Barbary pirates' prisoners and slaves.
2648:(University of North Carolina Press, 2015) 457pp
1418:
5136:
2594:Borders and conflicts in the Mediterranean Basin
2357:Barbary Pirate: The Life and Crimes of John Ward
2324:(in Arabic). الجزائر: ديوان المطبوعات الجامعية.
1728:
1656:(Simon & Schuster Paperbacks), 2001, p. 352.
1412:
1004:
2208::Carey Lea & Blanchard, New York. pp.
1990:"War with the Barbary Pirates (Tripolitan War)"
1265:, were built to answer the call for security.
1231:Original six frigates of the United States Navy
1046:. Other notable officers in the fleet included
2188:
2112:
2066:
1761:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1523:Roberts, Priscilla H. and Richard S. Roberts,
1498:
1340:
712:The Barbary states were nominally part of the
2729:
2624:( Riverhead, 2010), about the earlier period.
2582:(Johns Hopkins University Press. 2009). 256pp
2467:Barbary General: the life of William H. Eaton
1982:
1780:. University Press of Virginia. p. 403.
1527:, Lehigh University Press, 2008, pp. 206–223.
507:
430:
4774:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
2524:American Light and Medium Frigates 1794–1836
2368:Australian Journal of Politics & History
2298:Stephen Decatur: a life most bold and daring
849:Map of Algiers during the Barbary wars, by
2736:
2722:
2606:22.2 (2010): 347–359 on converts to Islam.
1877:. Rutgers University Press. pp. xvi.
1794:
1773:
1224:
514:
500:
437:
423:
4405:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
2543:Murphy, Martin N. "The Barbary Pirates."
2083:
5032:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
2708:The Barbary Wars at the Clements Library
2697:(The University of Chicago Press, 1999).
2225:. Oxford University Press. p. 240.
2079:
2077:
2075:
1912:
1803:"Jefferson, American Minister in France"
1746:
1722:
1695:
1474:
1183:
1139:
1089:
1008:
917:
844:
794:
766:1800 United States presidential election
558:were a series of two wars fought by the
27:Wars in coastal North Africa, 1801, 1815
1944:The life of the late Gen. William Eaton
772:won against incumbent second President
14:
5137:
2678:Wright, Louis B. and Julia H Macleod.
2317:
2199:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2013:
1947:. E. Merriam & Co. 1813. pp.
1891:
1831:
1819:
1800:
1734:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1514:, New York: Anchor Books Edition, 2000
1367:
1295:Ottoman Empire–United States relations
742:Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship
521:
4191:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
2717:
2254:Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell (1846).
2072:
1702:. Yale University Press. p. 69.
1129:
934:, signed September 5, 1795 in Algiers
914:United States pays tribute to Algiers
495:
444:
418:
4933:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
2269:The United States Marines: A History
1341:Joseph Wheelan (21 September 2004).
1324:"Start Here! About the Barbary Wars"
1244:this ongoing advent three frigates,
609:The wars were largely a reaction to
2562:Fairmount Folio: Journal of History
2055:
1870:
1659:
1119:of Sicily, led by Stephen Decatur.
24:
5155:History of international relations
4000:
2687:
2533:. (John Wiley & Sons, 2005).
2341:
2273:. Naval Institute Press. pp.
2260:. C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1846.
894:. But the project failed when the
826:, who was en route from France to
785:United States Mediterranean policy
38:. For an earlier Barbary war, see
25:
5206:
4823:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
2701:
2172:Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs
1280:American-Algerian War (1785-1795)
939:between the two parties, and the
791:Algerian–American War (1785–1795)
5195:Anti-slavery military operations
5185:Wars involving the United States
5119:
5118:
5106:
4959:A General History of the Pyrates
4781:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
4302:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
2359:(The History Press, 2010) about
2189:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2006).
1669:Nowlan, Robert A. (2014-01-10).
1562:"Cohen Renews U.S.-Morocco Ties"
1347:. PublicAffairs. pp. 128–.
1069:'s squadron which also included
1065:which was attached to Commodore
390:
378:
366:
357:
349:
341:
331:
314:
302:
289:
276:
264:
252:
240:
228:
216:
204:
178:
166:
155:
139:
124:
112:
53:
2670:American Studies in Scandinavia
2424:Review of International Studies
2192:The Wars of the Barbary Pirates
2162:
2147:
2118:
2106:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1956:
1935:
1913:Williams, Thomas (2010-10-18).
1864:
1825:
1813:
1767:
1740:
1716:
1689:
1641:
1554:
1530:
1517:
1504:
1471:, Madrid, 1902, Vol. VI, p. 185
1300:Tunisia–United States relations
1290:Morocco–United States relations
1275:Algeria–United States relations
4317:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
4312:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
4065:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
2526:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012).
2253:
2093:Congressional Research Service
2037:
1801:Parton, James (October 1872).
1457:
1401:
1387:
1361:
1334:
1316:
1305:Turkey–United States relations
13:
1:
4173:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
2381:New York: Basic Books, 2002.
1892:Oliver, Andrew (2015-01-01).
1838:Journal of the Early Republic
1696:Cogliano, Francis D. (2014).
1310:
1285:Libya–United States relations
1005:First Barbary War (1801–1805)
861:from nations at war with the
650:
4746:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
3996:Pirate battles and incidents
2639:International History Review
2491:(Library of Congress, 2011)
2264:
2221:Leiner, Frederic C. (2007).
2169:Allen, Gardner Weld (1905).
1809:. Vol. 30. p. 413.
1204:and the death of the famous
1192:During the reign of the Dey
899:years later, it passed the "
693:, and Portugal, but also in
611:piracy by the Barbary states
7:
5180:Piracy in the Mediterranean
4145:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
3628:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
2682:(Princeton UP, 1945), 227pp
2295:
2220:
2200:Harris, Gardner W. (1837).
2025:
1919:. AuthorHouse. p. 91.
1774:Washington, George (2000).
1268:
10:
5211:
5170:1800s in the United States
5022:Pirate films and TV series
4462:African Slave Trade Patrol
4030:Action of 11 November 2008
2819:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
2743:
2658:. Bluejacket Books, 1991.
2587:European Review of History
2265:Simmons, Edwin H. (2003).
2168:
1675:. McFarland. p. 141.
1569:U.S. Department of Defense
1419:Spencer C. Tucker (2014).
1228:
1200:, which culminated in the
1144:Commodore Decatur and the
1133:
1050:, assigned to the frigate
1019:
788:
779:
734:American Revolutionary War
719:
29:
5175:1815 in the United States
5100:
5050:
5009:
5002:
4950:
4915:
4832:
4730:
4532:
4519:
4511:Trans-Saharan slave trade
4447:
4378:
4110:Battle off Minicoy Island
4085:Battle of Cape Fear River
4055:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
4025:Action of 28 October 2007
4020:Action of 9 November 1822
3995:
3893:
3801:
3165:
3158:
3084:
3048:
3005:
2958:
2951:
2796:
2751:
2604:American Literary History
2435:Early American Literature
1148:of Algiers Haji Ali Pasha
987:informed newly appointed
906:During the presidency of
533:
456:
194:
105:
77:
52:
47:
4506:Indian Ocean slave trade
4395:International piracy law
4332:Pirate attacks in Borneo
4204:Capture of the schooner
4196:Capture of the schooner
4130:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
3856:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2519:. (Hill and Wang, 2005).
2296:Tucker, Spencer (2004).
1542:U.S. Department of State
1425:. ABC-CLIO. p. 33.
67:Battle of Tripoli Harbor
4965:Captain Charles Johnson
4389:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
4100:Battle of Mandab Strait
4080:Battle of Boca Teacapan
4075:Balanguingui Expedition
4040:Action of 23 March 2010
2545:Mediterranean Quarterly
2502:(Reaktion Books, 2013).
2489:Thomas Jefferson Papers
1832:Farber, Hannah (2014).
1225:Effect in United States
1160:, sent a letter to Dey
461:Action of 1 August 1801
5165:19th century in Africa
5150:19th-century conflicts
4322:Operation Ocean Shield
4150:Battle of Tonkin River
4095:Battle of Doro Passage
4050:Action of 5 April 2010
4045:Action of 1 April 2010
4035:Action of 9 April 2009
4015:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
4005:
3841:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
3826:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
2973:British Virgin Islands
2508:Kitzen, Michael L. S.
2411:Chidsey, Donald Barr.
1465:Cesáreo Fernández Duro
1237:Democratic-Republicans
1189:
1181:for the same purpose.
1149:
1095:
1017:
935:
922:Hassan Pasha]] Dey of
854:
843:
803:
671:, in reference to the
471:Action of 22 June 1803
195:Commanders and leaders
4938:Pirates versus Ninjas
4365:Slave raid of Suðuroy
4327:Persian Gulf Campaign
4212:Capture of the sloop
4140:Battle of the Leotung
4125:Battle of New Orleans
4004:
3866:Richard Avery Hornsby
3618:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
3578:Moses Cohen Henriques
3548:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
3293:Christina Anna Skytte
2831:Brethren of the Coast
2814:Baltic Slavic pirates
2761:Ancient Mediterranean
2641:40.4 (2018): 939–960.
2448:65.3 (2019): 512-550
2437:50.2 (2015): 331-358
2426:42.5 (2016): 840-857
2370:62.2 (2016): 171-185
2318:بوعزيز, يحيى (2007).
1871:Ray, William (2008).
1850:10.1353/jer.2014.0028
1187:
1143:
1093:
1012:
943:pledged to work with
921:
848:
838:
798:
4860:skull and crossbones
4816:Mistress of the Seas
4498:Capture of the brig
4475:Atlantic slave trade
4236:Falklands Expedition
4090:Battle of Cape Lopez
4010:1582 Cagayan battles
3937:Queen Anne's Revenge
3488:José Joaquim Almeida
3473:John Newland Maffitt
3393:Hayreddin Barbarossa
3233:Bartolomeu Português
3223:Artemisia I of Caria
3218:Alexandre Exquemelin
3056:Baltic Slavic piracy
2809:Anglo-Turkish piracy
2620:Tinniswood, Adrian.
2578:Peskin, Lawrence A.
2547:24.4 (2013): 19–42.
1374:Libertyclassroom.com
1202:Battle off Cape Gata
727:captivity narratives
681:North Atlantic Ocean
4877:No purchase, no pay
4845:Davy Jones's locker
4788:The Angel's Command
4632:Guybrush Threepwood
4480:Barbary slave trade
4457:African slave trade
4254:Jiajing wokou raids
4155:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
3378:François l'Olonnais
3238:Bartholomew Roberts
3126:Republic of Pirates
2644:Walther, Karine V.
2611:Penn History Review
2589:19.1 (2012): 15-31.
2564:13 (2011) pp 21–34.
2130:avalon.law.yale.edu
2113:Fremont-Barnes 2006
2067:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1762:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1636:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1624:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1612:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1600:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1588:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1499:Fremont-Barnes 2006
1451:avalon.law.yale.edu
296:Stephen Decatur Jr.
5037:Timeline of piracy
4994:Piracy kidnappings
4647:Jacquotte Delahaye
4602:Charlotte de Berry
4592:Captain Sabertooth
4485:Blockade of Africa
4440:Piracy Law of 1820
4370:Turkish Abductions
4307:Operation Atalanta
4241:Great Lakes Patrol
4120:Battle of Nam Quan
4070:Attack on Veracruz
4006:
3588:Nicholas van Hoorn
3573:Michel de Grammont
3438:Jacquotte Delahaye
3423:Hippolyte Bouchard
3343:Elise Eskilsdotter
3283:Charlotte de Berry
3248:Benjamin Hornigold
2693:Baepler, Paul ed.
2672:43.2 (2011): 5-30
2654:Whipple, A. B. C.
2631:(2010): 157–172.
2529:London, Joshua E.
2512:(McFarland, 1993).
2498:Jamieson, Alan G.
2465:Edwards, Samuel.
2247:2012-10-19 at the
1212:. A letter to the
1190:
1150:
1136:Second Barbary War
1130:Second Barbary war
1112:William Bainbridge
1096:
1059:William Bainbridge
1018:
989:Secretary of State
977:William Bainbridge
936:
855:
804:
762:United States Navy
760:and establish the
758:six heavy frigates
596:Second Barbary War
562:, Sweden, and the
525:Second Barbary War
476:2nd Tripoli Harbor
466:1st Tripoli Harbor
373:Slimane of Morocco
36:Second Barbary War
5132:
5131:
5113:Piracy portal
5096:
5095:
5073:Fictional pirates
4972:Truce of Ratisbon
4946:
4945:
4907:Walking the plank
4767:On Stranger Tides
4707:Tony Tony Chopper
4597:Captain Stingaree
4534:Fictional pirates
4350:Sack of Baltimore
4345:Raid on Cartagena
4287:Moscow University
4166:Beluga Nomination
4135:Battle of Pianosa
4060:Antelope incident
3951:Marquis of Havana
3889:
3888:
3598:Olivier Levasseur
3538:Louis-Michel Aury
3503:Klaus Störtebeker
3453:Jeanne de Clisson
3373:François Le Clerc
3208:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
3154:
3153:
3071:South China Coast
3035:Strait of Malacca
2575:(E.J.Brill, 2002)
2571:Panzac, Thomas.
2553:Oren, Michael B.
2478:Crescast Scientia
2473:, popular history
2455:Davis, Robert C.
2419:, popular history
2363:in earlier times.
2348:Allison, Robert.
2331:978-9961-0-1045-7
2241:
2232:978-0-19-532540-9
2195:. London: Osprey.
1994:veteranmuseum.org
1926:978-1-4520-7267-8
1905:978-1-61797-632-2
1884:978-0-8135-4413-7
1787:978-0-8139-1922-5
1709:978-0-300-17993-4
1682:978-1-4766-0118-2
1614:, pp. 36–37.
1590:, pp. 32–33.
1432:978-1-59884-157-2
1354:978-0-7867-4020-8
1029:Northwest African
1022:First Barbary War
971:George Washington
908:George Washington
901:Naval Act of 1794
824:Benjamin Franklin
709:in North Africa.
615:Mediterranean Sea
592:First Barbary War
582:) and Morocco of
564:Kingdom of Sicily
551:
550:
489:
488:
448:First Barbary War
413:
412:
346:Rais Mahomet Rous
321:Rudolf Cederström
189:
150:
135:
101:
100:
71:First Barbary War
40:Dutch–Barbary war
32:First Barbary War
16:(Redirected from
5202:
5122:
5121:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5007:
5006:
4809:Pirate Latitudes
4802:Long John Silver
4795:Voyage of Slaves
4662:Long John Silver
4557:Captain Birdseye
4530:
4529:
4400:Letter of marque
4360:Salvador Pirates
4355:Sack of Campeche
4178:Chepo Expedition
4160:Battle of Tysami
4115:Battle off Mukah
4105:Battle of Manila
3944:Quedagh Merchant
3902:Adventure Galley
3748:Victual Brothers
3733:Thomas Cavendish
3698:Sayyida al Hurra
3683:Samuel Hall Lord
3663:Roche Braziliano
3648:Robert Culliford
3583:Nathaniel Gordon
3553:Martin Frobisher
3513:Laurens de Graaf
3483:Jørgen Jørgensen
3418:Henry Strangways
3398:Hendrick Lucifer
3348:Eustace the Monk
3213:António de Faria
3163:
3162:
3131:Republic of Salé
3101:Île Sainte-Marie
2956:
2955:
2933:Victual Brothers
2841:Cilician pirates
2738:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2517:The Barbary Wars
2515:Lambert, Frank.
2335:
2311:
2288:
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2017:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1968:Encyclopedia.com
1964:"Tripolitan War"
1960:
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1952:
1939:
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1930:
1909:
1888:
1868:
1862:
1861:
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1807:Atlantic Monthly
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1104:Tripoli's harbor
834:Thomas Jefferson
770:Thomas Jefferson
753:Continental Navy
657:Barbary corsairs
622:Thomas Jefferson
528:
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516:
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5107:
5105:
5092:
5058:Barbary pirates
5046:
5042:Women in piracy
4998:
4942:
4911:
4840:Buried treasure
4828:
4760:Facing the Flag
4753:Treasure Island
4726:
4672:Vaas Montenegro
4667:Monkey D. Luffy
4637:Hector Barbossa
4622:Elizabeth Swann
4587:Captain Pugwash
4524:
4522:
4515:
4492:Veloz Passagera
4490:Capture of the
4443:
4374:
4183:Capture of the
3991:
3923:Flying Dutchman
3885:
3851:Miguel Enríquez
3803:
3797:
3763:William Dampier
3718:Simon Mascarino
3713:Shirahama Kenki
3693:Samuel Pallache
3658:Roberto Cofresí
3568:Mary Wolverston
3543:Mansel Alcantra
3518:Lawrence Prince
3198:Albert W. Hicks
3150:
3088:
3080:
3044:
3001:
2947:
2943:Women in piracy
2908:Sindhi corsairs
2861:French corsairs
2851:Cossack pirates
2804:Albanian piracy
2797:Types of pirate
2792:
2747:
2742:
2704:
2690:
2688:Primary sources
2685:
2480:(2016): 37–54.
2401:Castor, Henry.
2344:
2342:Further reading
2332:
2313:Book (par view)
2308:
2291:Book (par view)
2285:
2249:Wayback Machine
2233:
2207:
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2097:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2038:MacKenzie, 1846
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1906:
1885:
1869:
1865:
1830:
1826:
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1313:
1271:
1233:
1227:
1198:Stephen Decatur
1172:ended in 1815.
1170:Napoleonic Wars
1138:
1132:
1102:was blockading
1048:Stephen Decatur
1024:
1007:
916:
793:
787:
782:
722:
653:
552:
547:
529:
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520:
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391:
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379:
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365:
337:Yusuf Karamanli
325:
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309:Gustav IV Adolf
301:
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275:
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165:
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140:
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125:
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122:
113:
111:
97:
65:burning at the
58:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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5127:
5126:
5116:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5083:Piracy by year
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Female pirates
5065:
5063:By nationality
5060:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
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4657:Joshamee Gibbs
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4309:
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4299:
4291:
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4264:
4260:Maersk Alabama
4256:
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3871:Robert Maynard
3868:
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3755:
3753:Vincenzo Gambi
3750:
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3730:
3725:
3720:
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3700:
3695:
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3678:Samuel Bellamy
3675:
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3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Robert Surcouf
3650:
3645:
3643:Richard Glover
3640:
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3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3613:Pierre Lafitte
3610:
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3400:
3395:
3390:
3388:Grace O'Malley
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Edward England
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Cheung Po Tsai
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Benito de Soto
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:Abraham Samuel
3185:
3183:Adam Baldridge
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3136:Saint Augustin
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
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3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3013:Horn of Africa
3009:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2997:Gulf of Guinea
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2983:Lake Nicaragua
2975:
2964:
2962:
2960:Atlantic World
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
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2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Jewish pirates
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
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2816:
2811:
2806:
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2726:
2718:
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2711:
2703:
2702:External links
2700:
2699:
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2527:
2522:Lardas, Mark.
2520:
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2018:
2006:
1981:
1955:
1934:
1932:
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1844:(2): 187–217.
1824:
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1510:Linda Colley,
1503:
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1267:
1226:
1223:
1162:Haji Ali Pasha
1134:Main article:
1131:
1128:
1117:King Ferdinand
1061:in command of
1020:Main article:
1006:
1003:
981:Constantinople
957:silver coinage
915:
912:
863:Barbary states
789:Main article:
786:
783:
781:
778:
721:
718:
714:Ottoman Empire
652:
649:
568:Barbary states
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283:William Shaler
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247:Richard Morris
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4975:
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4962:
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4955:
4953:
4951:Miscellaneous
4949:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:Miscellaneous
4914:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:Pirate utopia
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
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4778:
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4771:
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4755:
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4708:
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4703:
4700:
4698:
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4693:
4690:
4688:
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4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
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4655:
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4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:Elaine Marley
4615:
4613:
4612:Edward Kenway
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:Captain Flint
4570:
4568:
4567:Captain Crook
4565:
4563:
4562:Captain Blood
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
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4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4385:Acts of grace
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4281:
4279:
4278:Orkim Harmony
4274:
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4270:
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4261:
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4237:
4234:
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4226:
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4222:
4221:Carré d'As IV
4218:
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4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4199:
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4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:Ambrose Light
4181:
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4161:
4158:
4156:
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3994:
3988:
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3976:
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3969:
3967:
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3965:Royal Fortune
3962:
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3909:Ambrose Light
3906:
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3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3881:Woodes Rogers
3879:
3877:
3876:Thomas Warren
3874:
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3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
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3852:
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3847:
3844:
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3837:
3836:Julius Caesar
3834:
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3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Chaloner Ogle
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Zheng Zhilong
3786:
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3699:
3696:
3694:
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3689:
3686:
3684:
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3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:Sadie Farrell
3671:
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3649:
3646:
3644:
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3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Princess Sela
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Pedro Gilbert
3601:
3599:
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3368:Francis Drake
3366:
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3349:
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3329:
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3323:Dominique You
3321:
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3309:
3306:
3304:
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3281:
3279:
3278:Charles Gibbs
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3259:
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3184:
3181:
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3176:
3174:
3173:Abduwali Muse
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:Major figures
3157:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
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3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Barataria Bay
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:Pirate havens
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Barbary Coast
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
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2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Timber pirate
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
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2709:
2706:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:1-55750-966-2
2661:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:online review
2647:
2643:
2640:
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2556:
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2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:0-471-44415-4
2536:
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2387:0-465-00720-1
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2315:
2314:
2309:
2307:1-55750-999-9
2303:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2284:9781557508683
2280:
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2114:
2109:
2094:
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2080:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2016:pp.63–64, 251
2015:
2010:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
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1889:
1886:
1880:
1876:
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1867:
1859:
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1828:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1764:, p. 35.
1763:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1747:Cogliano 2014
1743:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1723:Cogliano 2014
1719:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1626:, p. 37.
1625:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1602:, p. 33.
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1501:, p. 20.
1500:
1495:
1487:
1486:www.bbc.co.uk
1483:
1477:
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1448:
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1283:
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1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:Constellation
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1248:United States
1242:
1238:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:James Madison
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:war broke out
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1088:
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1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
992:John Marshall
990:
986:
985:William Eaton
982:
978:
974:
972:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
933:
929:
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920:
911:
909:
904:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
864:
860:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:
831:
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821:
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814:
809:
801:
797:
792:
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771:
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763:
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745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
717:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Barbary Coast
666:
662:
658:
648:
646:
642:
641:James Madison
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
607:
605:
602:, and in the
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:United States
557:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
527:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
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369:
364:
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348:
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329:
327:
322:
317:
312:
310:
305:
300:
297:
292:
286:
284:
279:
274:
272:
271:Edward Preble
267:
262:
260:
259:William Eaton
255:
250:
248:
243:
238:
236:
231:
226:
224:
223:James Madison
219:
214:
212:
207:
202:
201:
199:
198:
193:
186:
173:
169:
163:
153:
147:
132:
121:
120:United States
110:
109:
104:
96:
95:Barbary Coast
92:
89:
88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5145:Barbary Wars
5104:
4977:Pirate Round
4957:
4928:Space pirate
4902:Treasure map
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4692:Roronoa Zoro
4642:Jack Sparrow
4582:Captain Nemo
4577:Captain Hook
4499:
4491:
4467:
4337:
4294:
4286:
4277:
4268:
4259:
4246:
4229:Dai Hong Dan
4228:
4220:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4184:
4165:
3984:
3979:Whydah Gally
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3930:Ganj-i-Sawai
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3894:Pirate ships
3846:Luis Fajardo
3831:James Brooke
3821:David Porter
3793:Zheng Yi Sao
3768:William Kidd
3723:Stede Bonnet
3708:Shap-ng-tsai
3688:Samuel Mason
3608:Peter Easton
3558:Mary Lindsey
3508:Lai Choi San
3498:Joseph Barss
3493:Joseph Baker
3463:John Hawkins
3458:Johanna Hård
3448:Jean Lafitte
3443:Jan Janszoon
3433:Israel Hands
3413:Henry Morgan
3403:Henri Caesar
3318:Dirk Chivers
3253:Black Caesar
3178:Abshir Boyah
3049:Other waters
3030:Persian Gulf
3018:Somali Coast
3006:Indian Ocean
2978:Spanish Main
2893:River pirate
2871:Moro pirates
2846:Child pirate
2771:21st century
2694:
2679:
2669:
2655:
2645:
2638:
2628:
2621:
2613:21.1 (2014)
2610:
2603:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2499:
2488:
2477:
2466:
2456:
2445:
2434:
2423:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2378:
2367:
2356:
2349:
2320:
2297:
2268:
2256:
2222:
2202:
2191:
2171:
2163:Bibliography
2154:Simons, 2003
2149:
2140:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2120:
2115:, p. 77
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2069:, p. 76
2052:, p. 61
2045:
2033:
2026:Tucker, 1937
2021:
2014:Harris, 1837
2009:
1999:February 11,
1997:. Retrieved
1993:
1984:
1974:February 11,
1972:. Retrieved
1958:
1943:
1937:
1915:
1894:
1873:
1866:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1822:, p. 60
1815:
1806:
1796:
1776:
1769:
1749:, p. 74
1742:
1737:, p. 59
1730:
1725:, p. 68
1718:
1698:
1691:
1671:
1651:
1643:
1638:, p. 7.
1631:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1556:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1421:
1414:
1403:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:
1368:Woods, Tom.
1363:
1343:
1336:
1328:daddezio.com
1327:
1318:
1261:
1255:Constitution
1254:
1247:
1234:
1218:
1213:
1210:Raïs Hamidou
1191:
1151:
1145:
1123:
1121:
1100:Philadelphia
1099:
1097:
1083:
1077:
1072:Philadelphia
1071:
1067:Richard Dale
1062:
1053:
1044:Richard Dale
1025:
1013:
996:
970:
960:
956:
952:
940:
937:
905:
856:
839:
832:
828:Philadelphia
819:
815:
805:
799:
749:British navy
746:
738:Mohammed III
731:
723:
711:
707:slave market
684:
654:
634:
630:safe conduct
619:
608:
584:North Africa
566:against the
556:Barbary Wars
555:
553:
402:
397:Raïs Hamidou
235:Richard Dale
172:Tripolitania
106:Belligerents
62:Philadelphia
61:
48:Barbary Wars
4892:Pirate code
4867:Keelhauling
4855:Jolly Roger
4717:Will Turner
4652:José Gaspar
4552:Barbe Rouge
4449:Slave trade
3703:Sister Ping
3633:Rachel Wall
3428:Huang Bamei
3408:Henry Every
3363:Fūma Kotarō
3358:Flying Gang
3273:Calico Jack
3263:Bully Hayes
3066:Falcon Lake
3040:Nosy Boraha
2898:Sea Beggars
2886:Confederate
2856:Filibusters
2377:Boot, Max.
2355:Bak, Greg.
2135:February 4,
2050:بوعزيز 2007
1820:بوعزيز 2007
1735:بوعزيز 2007
896:US Congress
851:Samuel Dunn
732:During the
703:Netherlands
677:West Africa
637:War of 1812
635:During the
588:Tripolitans
570:(including
188:(1802–1804)
149:(1801–1805)
134:(1800–1802)
69:during the
18:Barbary War
5139:Categories
5051:Categories
5027:Privateers
4989:Matelotage
4923:Air pirate
4887:Pet parrot
4739:The Pirate
4687:Nico Robin
4607:Davy Jones
4547:Tom Ayrton
4521:Pirates in
4410:Piracy Act
4379:Piracy law
4295:North Star
3958:My Revenge
3811:Angelo Emo
3773:Zheng Jing
3738:Thomas Tew
3533:Lo Hon-cho
3353:Flora Burn
3333:Edward Low
3303:Dan Seavey
3298:Chui A-poo
3258:Blackbeard
3203:Anne Bonny
3141:Saint-Malo
3121:Port Royal
3106:Libertatia
2918:Ushkuyniks
2881:Privateers
2876:Narentines
2836:Buccaneers
2766:Golden Age
2040:pp.331–335
1653:John Adams
1574:2009-03-12
1547:2007-12-17
1311:References
1241:Federalist
1229:See also:
1194:Omar Pasha
1179:privateers
1166:neutrality
1110:, Captain
1084:Enterprise
999:John Adams
818:, and the
774:John Adams
665:privateers
651:Background
604:Arab World
543:Cape Palos
354:Hassan Bey
4872:Marooning
4500:Brillante
4289:hijacking
4280:hijacking
4271:hijacking
4262:hijacking
3563:Mary Read
3468:John Hoar
3338:Eli Boggs
3308:Diabolito
3089:and bases
3025:Indonesia
2990:Venezuela
2968:Caribbean
2361:Jack Ward
2142:whatever.
1858:154186346
1260:USS
1253:USS
1246:USS
1158:George IV
1152:When the
1098:The ship
1078:President
1052:USS
1036:Sultanate
626:U.S. Navy
600:New World
538:Cape Gata
385:Omar Agha
5124:Category
4850:Eyepatch
4722:Zanzibar
4697:Sandokan
4677:Mr. Smee
4542:Askeladd
4470:Incident
4340:incident
4249:incident
4231:incident
4223:incident
4168:incident
3783:Zheng Yi
3778:Zheng Qi
3758:Wang Zhi
3638:Redbeard
3528:Limahong
3478:John Pro
3383:Gan Ning
3268:Cai Qian
3076:Sulu Sea
2903:Sea Dogs
2596:(2016).
2245:Archived
2240:par view
2098:17 March
1269:See also
1208:captain
1108:gunboats
872:Portugal
867:blockade
859:warships
813:schooner
699:Scotland
90:Location
5088:Pirates
5017:Pirates
4525:culture
4523:popular
4468:Amistad
4269:Zafirah
3972:Saladin
3804:hunters
3593:Ng Akew
3193:Alfhild
3166:Pirates
3146:Tortuga
2928:Vikings
2824:Algiers
2753:Periods
2469:(1968)
2459:(2004)
2415:(1971)
2405:(1971)
2393:History
2156:, p. 20
1206:corsair
1040:Morocco
965:frigate
949:Tripoli
945:Tunisia
932:Osmanli
924:Algiers
888:Denmark
820:Dauphin
780:History
720:Attacks
695:England
686:razzias
673:Berbers
661:pirates
645:tribute
580:Tripoli
576:Algiers
403:†
185:Morocco
162:Algiers
73:in 1804
5078:Piracy
4984:Mutiny
4882:Pegleg
4833:Tropes
4731:Novels
4627:Franky
4297:affair
3861:Pompey
3802:Pirate
3743:Veborg
3228:Awilda
3116:Mamora
2923:Uskoks
2745:Piracy
2674:online
2662:
2633:online
2615:online
2598:online
2566:online
2557:(2007)
2549:online
2537:
2493:online
2482:online
2471:online
2461:online
2450:online
2439:online
2428:online
2417:online
2407:online
2397:online
2385:
2372:online
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