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infected horses would have given rise to accidents, but none was reported. That alone is cause for suspicion among researchers of the cultures used. Indeed, in the treaties signed in the wake of World War I, no specific provisions were made for the prohibition of biological warfare; it is presumed officials either did not know about the German effort or did not consider it a serious threat.
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The United States was the only target of German biological sabotage to which Dilger traveled personally, but
Romania, Norway, Spain, and South America were all wartime targets of the program. Dilger was the only known individual with the required medical knowledge to have presided over the program in
408:(1781–1861), who was the Director of the Institute of Anatomy at Heidelberg University. Dilger was also the cousin of Generalmajor Hubert Lamey (1896-1981), the commander of the 118 Jager Division, as well as General der Kavallerie, Carl-Erik Koehler (1895–1958), the commander of the 20th Army Corps.
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The effects of the German effort to sabotage the neutral support of Allied countries is unknown. Since reports were made of disease outbreaks among livestock, it is not known whether the cultures used were pathogenic or even viable. Certainly, the amateurish method by which the U.S. stevedores
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Anton Dilger was the son of
Captain Hubert Dilger, a decorated artillerist in the Union Army during the American Civil War, awarded the Medal of Honor for his exploits during the Battle of Chancellorsville (1863). His grandfather was anatomist
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Germany even if he was not directly involved in each country. The methods of infecting livestock became more advanced as the war progressed and went from crude needles to capillary tubes of bacterial culture hidden inside
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The U.S. biological sabotage program is thought to have ended sometime in late 1916 after which Anton returned to
Germany. Upon his return to the U.S., Dilger found himself under suspicion of being a German agent by the
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with livestock, and the fact that Dilger had a U.S. passport from 1908 onwards made it easy for him to travel to and from the U.S. Along with his brother Carl, Dilger established a laboratory in the
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surgical clinic while he researched his doctoral dissertation. His dissertation involved growing animal cells in tissue culture at which he was unsuccessful. He received his doctorate
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Biologische Waffen – nicht in
Hitlers Arsenalen. Biologische und Toxin-Kampfmittel in Deutschland von 1915 bis 1945
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The Secret War on the United States in 1915: A Tale of
Sabotage, Labor Unrest and Border Troubles
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began, Dilger was in
Germany, but he returned to the United States in 1915 with cultures of
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His relative Jürgen Schöfer, Ph.D., now writes about biosafety in science magazines.
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The Fourth
Horseman: One Man's Secret Campaign to Fight the Great War in America
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United States Army
Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
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on behalf of the German government's biological sabotage officer,
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Council of Europe
Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism
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There are reports that Dilger served as a surgeon in the
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National
Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
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German-sponsored acts of terrorism during World War I
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573:An American waged germ warfare against U.S. in WWI
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1275:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
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723:May the Mindanao conflict be 'forever history'
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342:medical doctor and a main actor in the German
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996:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
981:India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
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423:, that he carried the rank of colonel in the
788:1915 Vanceboro international bridge bombing
338:(13 February 1884 – 17 October 1918) was a
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
936:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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798:German biological warfare sabotage program
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951:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
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600:"First shots fired in biological warfare"
427:, and that he directed hospitals for the
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
1374:Terrorism committed by the German Empire
431:. None of the reports is substantiated.
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366:, to which his parents had moved from
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598:Wheelis, Mark (17 September 1998).
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419:(1912–1913), that he served in the
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783:1915 Vancouver bridge arson attack
686:. Amissville: Henselstone Verlag.
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550:. 15 December 2006. Archived from
425:Imperial German Army Medical Corps
77:tone or style may not reflect the
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1379:People from Front Royal, Virginia
1359:American people of German descent
966:Global Health Security Initiative
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682:von Feilitzsch, Heribert (2015).
36:This article has multiple issues.
1344:American expatriates in Bulgaria
878:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
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87:guide to writing better articles
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956:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
659:Robert Koenig (November 2006).
500:Federal Bureau of Investigation
132:needs additional citations for
44:or discuss these issues on the
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382:and trained as a physician in
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883:1989 California medfly attack
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1168:Viral hemorrhagic fever
486:In the U.S., Baltimore
421:U.S. Army Medical Corps
1194:Psychochemical weapons
1044:Chlamydophila psittaci
713:Eurasischesmagazine.de
654:. Münster: Lit-Verlag.
451:with the intention of
1288:Wiktionary definition
1229:Entomological warfare
1108:Legionnaires' disease
893:Wood Green ricin plot
364:Front Royal, Virginia
358:Early life and career
273:Front Royal, Virginia
1058:Equine encephalitis
888:2001 anthrax attacks
813:Rochambeau bomb plot
336:Anton Casimir Dilger
141:improve this article
1133:Salmonella enterica
808:Kingsland explosion
803:Black Tom explosion
778:Pencil bomb attacks
708:Berliner-zeitung.de
618:1998Natur.395..213W
544:"Experts Q & A"
480:Burkholderia mallei
453:biological sabotage
406:Friedrich Tiedemann
362:Dilger was born in
253:Dilger, before 1918
1234:Infectious disease
971:Health Threat Unit
903:2013 ricin letters
898:2003 ricin letters
855:Biological warfare
773:Welland Canal Plot
602:. Correspondence.
474:Bacillus anthracis
467:district north of
372:American Civil War
344:biological warfare
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1293:Wikimedia Commons
1258:International law
1209:Biological hazard
1083:Foodborne illness
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587:Wheelis 1998
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556:. Retrieved
552:the original
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286:(1918-10-17)
241:Anton Dilger
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139:Please help
134:verification
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38:Please help
35:
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1324:1918 deaths
1319:1884 births
1103:Henipavirus
1034:Brucellosis
517:sugar cubes
465:Chevy Chase
441:World War I
435:World War I
417:Balkan Wars
415:during the
348:World War I
1313:Categories
1298:Wikisource
1098:Hantavirus
1076:Venezuelan
912:Prevention
530:References
488:stevedores
384:Heidelberg
265:1884-02-13
167:newspapers
41:improve it
1249:Terrorism
1158:Tularemia
400:in 1912.
376:Gymnasium
47:talk page
1199:Bacteria
1148:Smallpox
1093:Glanders
873:Unit 731
449:glanders
380:Bensheim
1069:Western
1062:Eastern
1019:Anthrax
766:Attacks
636:9751039
614:Bibcode
445:anthrax
324:Biology
181:scholar
1163:Typhus
1123:Plague
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605:Nature
576:SFGate
558:22 May
504:Mexico
388:Munich
320:Fields
292:Madrid
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1244:Toxin
1239:Virus
1128:Ricin
1088:Fungi
1054:Ebola
439:When
296:Spain
188:JSTOR
174:books
1118:Mold
857:and
688:ISBN
669:ISBN
632:PMID
560:2009
477:and
447:and
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368:Ohio
281:Died
259:Born
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