261:, named Kaab and Assad, took the opportunity to travel to his camp, and persuaded him to lift the siege. The scholars also inspired in the King an interest in Judaism, and he converted in 390 CE, persuading his army to do likewise. Kaab and Assad later returned with Abu Karib to his kingdom, where they were tasked with converting the population. However, while some scholars say the population converted on a wholesale basis, others opine that only about half became converts, the rest maintaining their pagan beliefs and temples. Among those who converted to Judaism was Harith ibn 'Amr, a nephew of Abu Karib, who was then appointed as the Viceroy of the people of
238:, which was then known as "Yathrib". Not meeting any resistance, the Himyarites passed through the town, leaving one of the king’s sons behind as governor of the town. A few days later, however, the people of Yathrib killed their new governor, the king's son. Upon receiving the news, the king turned his troops back to avenge his son’s death, and destroy the town. He ordered that all
377:
Judaism and converted to the religion of Moses, which was described as the religion that which the rightly guided followed before the coming of Jesus. He brought the Rabbis back with him to Yemen, where they converted the population to
Judaism, but after the death of the Tubba' the people went astray and so God sent down his wrath on them.
216:
in 375 CE. After the death of
Malikikarib Yuha'min in 385 CE, only Abu Karib and his brother Dhara' Amar Ayman were left to rule. Around the year 400 CE, Dhara' Amar Ayman either retired or died, leaving Abu Karib as the sole ruler in power. His date of death is unknown, but Christian Robin places it
225:
While some sources agree that Abu Karib was the first of the
Himyarite kings to convert to Judaism, the circumstances of his conversion are immersed in myth and legend. Historically, the Himyarite kings had accepted Judaism during the reign of Malikikarib Yuha'min around the year 384 CE. There is an
376:
who intended to attack Medina, but was told off by two Jewish rabbis who warned him that Medina would be the final place of migration for an upcoming
Prophet. The Tubba' went to Makkah and almost proceeded to destroy the Kaaba, but he was warned against doing so as well. He then felt an interest in
281:
One dissenter from the view that Abu Karib Asad was a convert to
Judaism is author J. R. Porter. Writing in the 1980s, Porter argued that the legendary accounts of Abu Karib's conversion first appear much later in the historical record and are therefore unreliable. Porter nonetheless acknowledged
294:
Abu Karib As'ad was the son of
Malikikarib Yuha'min, and the brother of Dhara' Amar Ayman. His full lineage is given as Abu Karib As'ad ibn Hassan Malikikarib Yuha'min ibn Tharan Yuha'nim ibn Dhamar Ali Yuhabirr. Arabian folklore also cites Abu Karib as having a nephew named Harith ibn 'Amr.
226:
inscription from that year which mentions the rejection of polytheism by
Malikikarib Yuha'min, Abu Karib As'ad and Dhara' Amar Ayman, as well as another inscription which details Malikikarib Yuha'min and Abu Karib both authorizing the construction of a mikrab (Jewish prayer house) in Ma'rib.
633:
1139:
282:
that a move toward
Judaism on Abu Karib's part would be "entirely credible", given the presence of powerful Jewish tribes in Yathrib. Porter states that a later Himyarite ruler,
234:
According to the traditional account, Abu Karib undertook a military expedition to eliminate the growing influence of
Byzantium in his northern provinces. His forces reached
1007:
865:
The
Celebrities of the Jews: A glance at the historical circumstances of the Jewish people from the destruction of Jerusalem to the present day. Part I. 70-1290
213:
337:
and Ibn Kathir. However, Ibn al-Kalbi holds the view that Dhu Nuwas was the son of Hassan Yuha'min and hence the grandson of Abu Karib. Other scholars like
314:
claims that Abu Karib had two daughters as well, whose graves were found in the center of a city that was under construction during the time of the
1194:
1189:
915:
Post-Biblical History: a compendium of Jewish history from the close of the biblical records to the present day, for the home and Sabbath-school
658:
192:, although contemporary historians have ascribed this transition to his father. He was traditionally regarded as the first one to cover the
531:
1169:
834:
Robin, Christian Julien (2015). "Ḥimyar, Aksūm, and Arabia Deserta in Late Antiquity: The Epigraphic Evidence". In Fisher, Greg (ed.).
809:
Robin, Christian Julien (2015). "Ḥimyar, Aksūm, and Arabia Deserta in Late Antiquity: The Epigraphic Evidence". In Fisher, Greg (ed.).
716:
310:
gives a similar list, except the names of Marthad and Sharhabil Yafar are replaced with the names Juhaal and 'Amr Mawthaban instead.
763:
1068:
949:
843:
818:
617:
512:
479:
447:
357:
provides Islamic traditions regarding Abu Karib Asad. He is described as being the mysterious Tubba' who is mentioned in the
991:
913:
863:
242:
trees around the town be cut down, because the trees were the main source of the town's inhabitants' income, and then laid
160:"Abū Karīb", sometimes rendered as As'ad Abū Karīb, full name: Abu Karib As'ad ibn Hassān Maliki Karib Yuha'min, was king (
569:
184:(r. 375–400) followed by becoming sole ruler in 400. As'ad is cited in some sources as the first of several kings of the
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391:
548:
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1154:
888:
212:. He first came to power as part of a co-regency with both his father Malikikarib Yuha'min and his brother
795:
748:
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554:
717:
https://web.archive.org/web/20240101171643/https://a.top4top.me/uploads/top4top_me52652c36d62c1.jpeg
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128:
889:"The Origins of Muslim Prayer: Sixth and Seventh Century Religious Influences on the Salat Ritual"
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https://web.archive.org/web/20230709052849/https://www14.0zz0.com/2023/07/09/02/890900909.jpeg
504:
1112:
859:
451:
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held the view that Dhu Nuwas was the son of an unspecified Sharhabil, theorised to have been
720:
681:
573:
659:"DASI: Digital Archive for the Study of pre-islamic arabian Inscriptions: Epigraph details"
608:
Robin, Christian Julien (2012). "Arabia and Ethiopia". In Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald (ed.).
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neighbors, trying to protect their town. During the siege, Abu Karib fell ill. Two local
8:
1033:
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209:
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116:
55:
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839:
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735:
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508:
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373:
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185:
180:). He ruled Yemen from 390 CE until 420 CE, beginning as a coregency with his father
173:
692:
441:
28:
King of Saba', Dhu Raydan, Hadramawt, Yamnat and their Arabs, on Tawdum and Tihamat
1140:
The Persian conquest of Jerusalem in 614CE compared with Islamic conquest of 638CE
298:
Abu Karib As'ad had five sons. Their names are attested to in the inscriptions as
1058:
437:
342:
303:
165:
149:
59:
612:. Oxford handbooks. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 265–266.
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Ibn Kathir mentions that the Tubba' Abu Karib was formerly a polytheist king of
386:
157:
1008:"إسلام ويب - البداية والنهاية - ذكر أخبار العرب - قصة تبع أبي كرب- الجزء رقم3"
634:"إسلام ويب - البداية والنهاية - ذكر أخبار العرب - قصة تبع أبي كرب- الجزء رقم3"
1148:
1084:
353:
While Abu Karib As'ad is not mentioned in Muslim sources, exegesis scholar
338:
307:
1034:"The Story of the Boy and the King (from Surah Burooj) : Ibn Kathir"
97:
941:
471:
History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period
354:
334:
311:
962:
596:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture
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813:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 133–134.
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838:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 136.
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Arabia and the Gulf: From Traditional Society to Modern States
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Understanding the Exodus and Other Mysteries of Jewish History
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76:
1085:"من هو تبع المذكور في القرآن الكريم ؟ - الإسلام سؤال وجواب"
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was the son of Abu Karib. Those who held the view include
682:
https://a.top4top.me/uploads/top4top_me239de9a450701.jpeg
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546:
963:"المحبر - البغدادي، محمد بن حبيب - مکتبة مدرسة الفقاهة"
533:
The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature
286:(517–530 CE) was "certainly" a convert to Judaism.
704:https://www12.0zz0.com/2023/10/07/11/709102346.jpg
496:
886:
693:https://www7.0zz0.com/2023/10/07/11/236195246.jpg
410:
277:Opposition to the claim of Abu Karib's conversion
1146:
413:"When We Were Kings; The Jews of Yemen, Part II"
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230:The legend of Abu Karib's conversion to Judaism
92:Abu Karib As'ad ibn Hassan Malikikarib Yuha'min
911:
626:
467:
1107:
1105:
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494:
930:
536:. Vol. 14. London. 1827. p. 544.
519:The Jewish Kingdoms of Arabia 7th century.
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
1060:The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar
1102:
253:of Yathrib fought alongside their pagan
220:
1195:5th-century monarchs in the Middle East
1190:4th-century monarchs in the Middle East
1113:"Al-Quran Ibn Kathir Tafsir | Alim.org"
858:
852:
540:
524:
419:
1147:
567:
985:
983:
833:
808:
610:The Oxford handbook of late antiquity
607:
568:Kharif, Badr Al (February 15, 2009).
488:
461:
448:Jewish Publication Society of America
411:Nehama C. Nahmoud (January 1, 1998).
348:
989:
550:Columbia University Oriental Studies
440:; Bella Löwy; Philipp Bloch (1902).
404:
16:Himyarite King of Yemen (390–420 CE)
827:
802:
570:"Kiswah: The Covering of the Kaaba"
169:
153:
13:
980:
14:
1206:
1170:Converts to Judaism from paganism
1133:
1063:(in Arabic). Gorgias Press, LLC.
887:Justin Paul Heinz (August 2008).
601:
547:Nathanael Ibn Al-fayyumi (1907).
392:List of rulers of Saba and Himyar
321:Some scholars held the view that
1077:
1050:
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1000:
955:
905:
880:
755:
708:
697:
686:
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474:. Cornwall Books. p. 309.
269:, and headed the government of
208:Abu Karib As'ad was the son of
1057:Al-Munabbih, Wahb bin (2009).
1032:AbdurRahman.org (2014-01-31).
990:يحي،, بلاذري، احمد بن (1997).
836:Arabs and empires before Islam
811:Arabs and empires before Islam
588:
561:
1:
443:History of the Jews, Volume 3
397:
69:
936:Netton, Ian Richard (1986):
572:. Aawsat.com. Archived from
203:
7:
380:
10:
1211:
503:. Etz Haim Press. p.
302:, Ma'dikarib, Marthad and
996:(in Arabic). دار اليقظة،.
868:. Pawson & Brailsford
598:, p. 793. ABC-CLIO, 2008.
555:Columbia University Press
289:
122:
112:
103:
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91:
86:
82:
65:
51:
41:
33:
26:
21:
594:M. Avrum Ehrlich (ed.):
146:Abū Karib As’ad al-Kāmil
129:South Arabian polytheism
22:Abu Karib As'ad al-Kamil
1160:5th-century Arab people
1155:4th-century Arab people
912:Sigmund Hecht (1908).
860:Chaikin, Moses Avigdor
468:Simon Dubnov (1968) .
221:Conversion to Judaism
495:S.B. Segall (2003).
210:Malikikarib Yuha'min
349:Muslim-era sources
316:Rashidun Caliphate
182:Malkikarib Yuhamin
117:Malkikarib Yuhamin
46:Malkikarib Yuhamin
1070:978-1-59333-515-1
950:978-0-7099-1834-9
845:978-0-19-965452-9
820:978-0-19-965452-9
790:Missing or empty
743:Missing or empty
619:978-0-19-533693-1
514:978-0-9740461-0-5
481:978-0-8453-6659-2
327:Wahb ibn Munabbih
214:Dhara' Amar Ayman
186:Arabian Peninsula
174:Himyarite Kingdom
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1185:5th-century Jews
1180:4th-century Jews
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456:Abu Kariba Asad.
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387:People of Tubba'
343:Sharhabil Yakkuf
306:. The historian
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553:. Vol. 6.
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438:Heinrich Graetz
435:
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409:
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359:Surah Ad-Dukhan
351:
304:Sharhabil Yafar
300:Hassan Yuha'min
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60:Sharhabil Yafar
56:Hassan Yuha'min
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1120:. Retrieved
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772:. Retrieved
768:the original
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574:the original
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176:(modern day
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104:Tubba' As'ad
27:
1091:(in Arabic)
1014:(in Arabic)
969:(in Arabic)
663:dasi.cnr.it
640:(in Arabic)
450:. pp.
217:at 440 CE.
154:أسعد الكامل
98:Regnal name
42:Predecessor
1149:Categories
1122:2023-11-09
1095:2023-11-09
1043:2024-03-22
1018:2024-03-22
973:2024-03-22
942:Croom Helm
774:2024-03-22
727:2024-03-22
668:2024-03-22
644:2023-11-09
398:References
355:Ibn Kathir
335:Ibn Hisham
312:Ibn Kathir
131:(formerly)
73: 430
37:390–420 CE
331:Ibn Ishaq
323:Dhu Nuwas
284:Dhu Nuwas
204:Biography
196:with the
172:) of the
52:Successor
862:(1899).
783:cite web
736:cite web
381:See also
123:Religion
922:July 9,
918:. Bloch
897:July 9,
872:July 9,
580:July 9,
361:of the
267:Red Sea
265:on the
190:Judaism
135:Judaism
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948:
842:
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616:
511:
478:
374:Himyar
363:Qur'an
290:Family
259:Rabbis
236:Medina
198:kiswah
170:تُبَّع
166:Arabic
162:Tubba'
158:called
150:Arabic
113:Father
892:(PDF)
454:–64.
370:Saba'
271:Mecca
263:Ma'ad
244:siege
194:Kaaba
178:Yemen
87:Names
77:Yemen
34:Reign
1065:ISBN
946:ISBN
924:2010
899:2010
874:2010
840:ISBN
815:ISBN
796:help
749:help
614:ISBN
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