2418:
25:
1152:). The group offered numerous performances all over Catalonia with a willingness of filling a lack in popular music in Catalan, often in precarious conditions, in which they followed the same system: everyone of the four or five members in the stage sung in turns, with his guitar, while the others were seated in the background on the stage.
1148:(The Sixteen Judges, in Catalan). Their first concert, although still not with this name, was on 19 December 1961, in Barcelona. Their first performance with the name of Els Setze Jutges was in Premià de Mar in 1962. In the following years, new singers joined the group, until the number of sixteen (
1235:
Apart from Raimon, other former members of Els Setze Jutges continued their careers successfully, including Lluís Llach, Maria del Mar Bonet, Guillermina Motta, Francesc Pi de la Serra, and Joan Manuel Serrat. Other significant figures appeared somewhat later, like the
Valencian
1177:
Despite the restrictions and administrative hurdles in television and radio broadcast, as well as in record industry, the Nova Cançó became increasingly popular, so many interpreters started to professionalize: first members of Els Setze Jutges sang as an
1064:, which required the government to improve its image abroad. In this new context, at the beginning of the 1960s, new cultural projects emerged in Catalonia. In 1961, the record label Edigsa and the cultural organization
1072:
was published. In April 1962, the publishing house
Edicions 62 released its first book. Little by little, the Catalan language, the public use of which had been expressly forbidden after the fall of Catalonia in the
1112:. They are now considered the first recordings of modern music in the Catalan language. These singers, as well as others such as Font Sellabona and Rudy Ventura, form a prelude to the Nova Cançó.
1056:
with its repressive policies against the
Catalan language and Catalan culture. The late 1950s were a period of economic and political change in Spain: Spain ended its policy of economic
1171:
1002:
1305:
2417:
1199:
1140:, who started composing Catalan songs. In 1959, after an article by Lluís Serrahima, titled "Ens calen cançons d’ara" ("We need songs for today"), was published in
1773:
1121:
304:
1044:, which emerged in the same period, also promoted a new form of popular music in Catalan, drawing inspiration from contemporary American and British music.
1218:
1195:
1125:
1129:
550:
1137:
995:
1155:
The first Nova Cançó records appeared in 1962, and many musical bands, vocal groups, singer-songwriters, and interpreters picked up the trend.
1753:
1211:
1104:
of our times." Espinàs had begun to translate some of
Brassens' songs into Catalan. In 1958, two EPs of songs in Catalan were released:
1513:
1391:
1225:, who received the Spanish Critics' Award in 1966, or other new members of Els Setze Jutges. Some of them were even well known abroad.
988:
1689:
1040:. The movement sought to normalize use of the Catalan language in popular music and denounced the injustices in Francoist Spain. The
2472:
2053:
1538:
1518:
1144:, more authors and singers were attracted to the movement. Miquel Porter, Josep Maria Espinàs and Remei Margarit founded the group
554:
1738:
1694:
1248:
2544:
2539:
1704:
1552:
1618:
376:
2869:
2554:
1967:
1548:
947:
942:
564:
137:
68:
46:
39:
1580:
1543:
1471:
937:
534:
922:
290:
117:
1232:
singers appeared and other ideological positions emerged, diverging from the initial ideas behind the movement.
1643:
1384:
1286:
2328:
2482:
2442:
1954:
1768:
1758:
1709:
1481:
899:
384:
2046:
1915:
1822:
1120:
The movement's beginnings were in the second half of the 1950s, with the formation of a group suggested by
912:
2864:
2452:
1748:
1633:
1595:
1590:
1417:
1252:
1359:
1982:
1052:
The Nova Cançó movement originated at the end of the 1950s, twenty years after the installation of the
510:
2714:
972:
2559:
2457:
1977:
1910:
1832:
1605:
1503:
1447:
1377:
598:
349:
147:
1674:
667:
540:
470:
33:
2654:
2368:
2039:
1987:
1900:
1842:
1743:
1684:
1679:
1528:
1508:
932:
603:
398:
2080:
1895:
1812:
1669:
1628:
1613:
1585:
1475:
1356:. Maria Salicrú-Maltas (Extracted from IIº Congreso Mondopop de L'IASPM, Madrid, November 2001)
795:
639:
560:
174:
50:
1093:
2639:
1937:
1837:
1807:
1657:
1437:
575:
544:
164:
127:
1324:
2467:
2343:
2011:
1890:
1885:
1860:
1852:
1817:
1699:
1575:
1523:
1491:
1409:
646:
392:
179:
122:
8:
2629:
2323:
1533:
1485:
1432:
1313:
1191:
1163:
1082:
571:
514:
485:
362:
312:
157:
132:
2659:
2503:
2462:
2432:
2383:
2278:
2020:
1932:
1905:
1183:
883:
789:
653:
524:
474:
333:
269:
264:
152:
107:
89:
2624:
1159:
1133:
1065:
766:
720:
2634:
2604:
2487:
1457:
1452:
1282:
1182:
activity, and they leave when younger members started a career as a singers, such as
1074:
957:
491:
284:
112:
2823:
2798:
2783:
2732:
2373:
2353:
2110:
1763:
1097:
1029:
1024:
530:
520:
433:
318:
297:
274:
246:
239:
234:
202:
169:
85:
802:
771:
756:
2793:
2788:
2752:
2722:
2513:
2477:
2437:
2403:
2238:
1467:
1442:
1244:
1202:. At the same time, other variations on the style, based on other genres such as
1037:
907:
850:
700:
325:
279:
222:
217:
207:
197:
142:
2216:
1944:
751:
681:
2778:
2737:
2649:
2348:
2268:
2062:
1992:
1802:
1733:
1563:
1462:
1237:
1061:
579:
336:
229:
2163:
1222:
1187:
857:
2858:
2757:
2747:
2727:
2704:
2594:
2549:
2518:
2308:
2293:
2283:
2095:
2085:
1622:
1053:
1033:
967:
864:
844:
706:
356:
342:
212:
1497:
809:
2843:
2523:
2508:
2447:
2298:
2223:
2143:
2133:
1972:
1778:
1243:
Inspired by the success of the Nova Cançó, parallel movements sprang up in
1207:
1041:
962:
761:
713:
2273:
2198:
2168:
2153:
1865:
1344:
823:
746:
2599:
2318:
2313:
2288:
2263:
2248:
2138:
2679:
2644:
2358:
2333:
2203:
2178:
2173:
1329:
1203:
1101:
1077:, began to regain a public presence. A notable example is the magazine
816:
660:
2253:
2828:
2742:
2589:
2584:
2393:
2338:
2193:
2183:
2158:
2090:
1400:
1369:
1229:
455:
427:
2128:
1638:
2838:
2833:
2609:
2378:
2233:
2211:
2115:
1880:
1827:
1427:
1422:
625:
2388:
2363:
2100:
2762:
2689:
2674:
2664:
2619:
2614:
2303:
2258:
2105:
2031:
1962:
1920:
1875:
1870:
1179:
1057:
917:
674:
618:
611:
480:
448:
443:
418:
1281:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana. pp. 52–55.
1108:("The Brothers Serrano Sing International Hits in Catalan") and
2699:
2684:
2669:
2579:
2398:
2188:
1167:
1068:
were founded, and the first edition of the children's magazine
727:
632:
464:
460:
423:
2818:
2120:
1106:
Hermanos
Serrano: Cantan en catalán los éxitos internationals
438:
1364:
2694:
1926:
1110:
José Guardiola: canta en catalán los éxitos internationales
1279:
Diccionari de la Cançó. D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català
1032:"The New Song") was an artistic movement that promoted
1217:
Other important participants in the movement included
2856:
1096:gave lectures on the French singer-songwriter
2047:
1385:
996:
1170:, were awarded the first prize of the Fifth
1085:, which in October 1952 became the magazine
2054:
2040:
1392:
1378:
1060:, and Francoist Spain was admitted to the
1003:
989:
551:General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1272:
1270:
1268:
1174:with the song "Se’n va anar" (" left").
1158:In 1963, a professional Catalan artist,
32:This article includes a list of general
16:Catalan artistic anti-francoist movement
2857:
1399:
1276:
2035:
1373:
1265:
1047:
1023:
2540:Benidorm International Song Festival
18:
2555:Festival Internacional de Santander
13:
2061:
531:Government of the Balearic Islands
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2881:
1330:Francesc Bellmunt movie about la
1306:Resources of Contemporary history
1299:
1251:(Euskal Kantagintza Berria), and
377:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
2416:
1115:
23:
2473:Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias
1206:, appeared, with bands such as
118:History of the Balearic Islands
1360:Lluis Llach - web site oficial
1:
1258:
900:National symbols of Catalonia
1365:Lluis Llach site francophone
7:
1549:Declaration of independence
1325:Photos of some interpreters
1172:Mediterranean Song Festival
385:Institut d'Estudis Catalans
10:
2886:
2870:Society of Francoist Spain
1544:Statute of Autonomy (2006)
1539:Statute of Autonomy (1979)
1519:Statute of Autonomy (1932)
511:General Council of Andorra
2811:
2771:
2713:
2575:
2568:
2532:
2496:
2425:
2414:
2232:
2076:
2069:
2005:
1953:
1851:
1798:
1791:
1729:
1722:
1665:
1656:
1619:Unique territorial entity
1604:
1571:
1562:
1448:Principality of Catalonia
1408:
839:Music and performing arts
148:Principality of Catalonia
541:Generalitat of Catalonia
305:Spelling-to-sound charts
2545:Eurovision Song Contest
1988:Pi de les Tres Branques
1705:International relations
1476:Northern Catalonia loss
1277:Pujadó, Miquel (2000).
1200:Francesc Pi de la Serra
561:Generalitat of Valencia
505:Government and politics
413:Geo-political divisions
53:more precise citations.
1514:Republican Generalitat
1100:, whom he called "the
1021:Catalan pronunciation:
275:Dialects and varieties
175:Treaty of the Pyrenees
1710:Independence movement
1228:As time passed, some
1122:Josep Benet i de Joan
1025:[ˈnɔβəkənˈso]
640:Fogueres de Sant Joan
576:Valencian nationalism
165:Catalan constitutions
128:History of Roussillon
2483:Navarre and La Rioja
1891:Gegants i capgrossos
1524:Catalan State (1934)
1472:Republic (1640–1641)
1345:Qué es o que fué la
1128:. This consisted of
1092:In 1957, the writer
973:Himne de l'Exposició
647:Gegants i capgrossos
399:Fundació Ramon Llull
180:Nueva Planta decrees
123:History of Catalonia
2569:Musical instruments
1486:War of the Catalans
1433:County of Barcelona
1192:Maria del Mar Bonet
1094:Josep Maria Espinàs
1083:Abbey of Montserrat
1081:, published by the
471:Pyrénées-Orientales
158:Kingdom of Valencia
138:History of Valencia
133:History of Sardinia
2865:Music of Catalonia
2504:Spanish folk music
2369:Soleá por Bulerías
2279:Cantes a palo seco
1184:Joan Manuel Serrat
1048:Historical context
884:Sport in Catalonia
668:Saint George's Day
475:Northern Catalonia
153:Kingdom of Majorca
108:History of Andorra
2852:
2851:
2807:
2806:
2635:Guitarra de canya
2605:Cross-strung harp
2412:
2411:
2242:
2029:
2028:
2001:
2000:
1787:
1786:
1718:
1717:
1695:Political parties
1652:
1651:
1644:Spanish provinces
1482:War of Succession
1458:Catholic Monarchs
1196:Guillermina Motta
1126:Maurici Serrahima
1075:Spanish Civil War
1013:
1012:
958:El Gran Carlemany
654:Moros i cristians
599:Myths and legends
492:Catalan Countries
365:
359:
352:
350:Personal pronouns
345:
328:
321:
307:
300:
293:
113:History of Aragon
79:
78:
71:
2877:
2573:
2572:
2458:Castile and Leon
2443:Balearic Islands
2420:
2236:
2074:
2073:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2014:
1796:
1795:
1739:Financial crisis
1727:
1726:
1663:
1662:
1569:
1568:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1355:
1341:
1321:
1310:
1293:
1292:
1274:
1146:Els Setze Jutges
1098:Georges Brassens
1027:
1022:
1005:
998:
991:
938:Balearic Islands
913:Balearic Islands
521:Courts of Aragon
434:Balearic Islands
361:
355:
348:
341:
324:
317:
303:
296:
291:Phonetic history
289:
170:Furs of Valencia
95:
92:
81:
80:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2812:Music ensembles
2803:
2767:
2709:
2625:Gaita gastoreña
2564:
2533:Music festivals
2528:
2514:Spanish hip hop
2492:
2426:Music by region
2421:
2408:
2228:
2065:
2060:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2010:
1997:
1983:St George's Day
1949:
1916:Public holidays
1847:
1783:
1744:Property bubble
1714:
1648:
1600:
1558:
1553:2017 referendum
1509:Republic (1931)
1443:Crown of Aragon
1404:
1398:
1353:
1339:
1319:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1275:
1266:
1261:
1134:Lluís Serrahima
1118:
1066:Òmnium Cultural
1050:
1038:Francoist Spain
1020:
1009:
980:
979:
895:
887:
886:
881:
873:
872:
840:
832:
831:
785:
777:
776:
767:Joaquim Sorolla
742:
734:
733:
721:Pa amb tomàquet
701:Catalan cuisine
696:
688:
687:
594:
586:
585:
568:
506:
498:
497:
488:
414:
406:
405:
402:(IRL & FRL)
260:
252:
251:
193:
185:
184:
143:Crown of Aragon
103:
94:cultural domain
93:
84:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2497:Music by genre
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2453:Canary Islands
2450:
2448:Basque Country
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2404:Romani (Gypsy)
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:Music of Spain
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1993:Catalan donkey
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Catalan peseta
1730:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Municipalities
1631:
1626:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1596:Extreme points
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Roman Hispania
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403: articles
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1342:
1327:
1322:
1311:
1301:
1300:External links
1298:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1249:Basque Country
1238:Ovidi Montllor
1219:Guillem d'Efak
1130:Jaume Armengol
1117:
1114:
1062:United Nations
1049:
1046:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
952:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:Coats of Arms
927:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
902:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
882:
879:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
869:
868:
865:Rumba catalana
861:
854:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
830:
829:
828:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
732:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
607:
606:
601:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:Catalanophobia
558:
548:
538:
528:
518:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
483:
478:
468:
458:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
431:
421:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:
389:
381:
372:
371:
370:
369:
368:
367:
353:
346:
331:
330:
329:
322:
310:
309:
308:
301:
294:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
244:
243:
242:
232:
227:
226:
225:
220:
215:
205:
200:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
161:
160:
155:
150:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Sac de gemecs
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:Catalan shawm
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Benidorm Fest
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Spanish opera
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Flamenco jazz
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Campanilleros
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Cantes libres
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Catalan rumba
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Constitutions
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1314:La Nova Cançó
1312:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:Miquel Porter
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:La Nova Cançó
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Spanish State
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Catalan music
1031:
1028:, meaning in
1026:
1018:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
987:
986:
984:
983:
974:
971:
969:
968:La Balanguera
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
928:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
898:
897:
891:
890:
885:
877:
876:
867:
866:
862:
860:
859:
855:
853:
852:
848:
847:
846:
843:
842:
836:
835:
826:
825:
821:
819:
818:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
798:
797:
793:
792:
791:
788:
787:
781:
780:
773:
772:Salvador Dalí
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:Antoni Tàpies
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
738:
737:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
704:
702:
699:
698:
692:
691:
684:
683:
679:
677:
676:
672:
670:
669:
665:
663:
662:
658:
656:
655:
651:
649:
648:
644:
642:
641:
637:
635:
634:
630:
628:
627:
623:
621:
620:
616:
614:
613:
609:
608:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
590:
589:
582:
581:
577:
573:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
549:
546:
542:
539:
536:
532:
529:
526:
522:
519:
516:
512:
509:
508:
502:
501:
494:
493:
487:
484:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
435:
432:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
410:
409:
401:
400:
395:
394:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
378:
374:
373:
364:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
340:
339:
338:
335:
332:
327:
323:
320:
316:
315:
314:
311:
306:
302:
299:
295:
292:
288:
287:
286:
285:Pronunciation
283:
282:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
256:
255:
248:
245:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
231:
228:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
99:
98:
91:
87:
83:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2560:OTI Festival
2524:Spanish rock
2509:Spanish jazz
2299:Cartageneras
2217:Género chico
2148:
2144:New flamenco
1978:National Day
1968:Coat of arms
1945:Tió de Nadal
1925:
1861:Architecture
1833:Prostitution
1808:Demographics
1769:Trade unions
1700:Police force
1606:Subdivisions
1504:Commonwealth
1496:
1492:Nueva Planta
1468:Reapers' War
1354:(in Spanish)
1350:
1346:
1340:(in English)
1335:
1331:
1320:(in Catalan)
1316:
1309:(in Catalan)
1278:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1216:
1208:Grup de Folk
1176:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1069:
1051:
1042:Grup de Folk
1016:
1014:
963:Els Segadors
863:
856:
849:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
752:Antoni Gaudí
726:
719:
712:
705:
682:Tió de Nadal
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
569:
489:
397:
391:
383:
375:
65:
56:
37:
2468:Extremadura
2274:Cante jondo
2199:Tono humano
2169:Rock urbano
2164:Rock català
1818:Health care
1675:Generalitat
1223:Núria Feliu
1188:Lluís Llach
1070:Cavall Fort
858:Rock català
824:Noucentisme
747:Catalan art
363:Conjugation
313:Orthography
59:August 2012
51:introducing
2859:Categories
2733:Cabreiresa
2680:Txalaparta
2655:Psalterium
2645:Kirikoketa
2359:Siguiriyas
2334:Martinetes
2329:Malagueñas
2208:Xiringüelu
2204:Villancico
2174:Seguidilla
2149:Nova Cançó
1901:Literature
1843:Traditions
1685:Government
1680:Parliament
1623:Val d'Aran
1529:Revolution
1498:Renaixença
1347:Nova Cançó
1332:Nova Cançó
1288:8441204675
1259:References
1142:Germinabit
1102:troubadour
1087:Serra d’Or
1079:Germinàbit
1017:Nova Cançó
851:Nova cançó
817:Modernisme
810:Renaixença
803:Decadència
796:Segle d'or
790:Literature
784:Literature
661:Muixeranga
604:Traditions
593:Traditions
270:Literature
247:Valencians
235:Sardinians
34:references
2829:Chirigota
2784:Classical
2753:Sanabresa
2743:Odrecillo
2590:Castanets
2585:Bandurria
2463:Catalonia
2433:Andalusia
2394:Verdiales
2339:Peteneras
2194:Tonadilla
2184:Tajaraste
2179:Sevillana
2159:Pasodoble
2154:Pasacalle
2091:Chirigota
1911:Mythology
1813:Education
1774:Transport
1690:President
1670:Elections
1614:Vegueries
1586:Mountains
1564:Geography
1534:Francoism
1453:Civil War
1401:Catalonia
1230:bilingual
1212:Esquirols
1164:Valencian
943:Catalonia
918:Catalonia
762:Joan Miró
714:Ensaïmada
456:Catalonia
428:La Franja
298:IPA guide
240:Alguerese
223:Minorcans
218:Majorcans
208:Balearics
203:Aragonese
198:Andorrans
90:Valencian
2839:Rondalla
2834:Comparsa
2824:Charanga
2789:Flamenco
2738:Galician
2723:Asturian
2705:Zambomba
2640:Guitarro
2610:Dulzaina
2600:Chácaras
2488:Valencia
2379:Tarantas
2324:Guajiras
2319:Granaína
2314:Garrotín
2289:Cantiñas
2264:Bulerías
2249:Alegrías
2234:Flamenco
2212:Zarzuela
2139:Muiñeira
2116:Fandango
2111:Ensalada
2021:Category
1938:Football
1896:Language
1881:Correfoc
1838:Religion
1759:Airports
1658:Politics
1629:Counties
1463:Habsburg
1423:Iberians
1418:Timeline
1162:, and a
954:Anthems
948:Valencia
923:Valencia
626:Correfoc
619:Castells
565:Politics
555:Politics
545:Politics
535:Politics
525:Politics
515:Politics
486:Valencia
481:L'Alguer
465:El Carxe
393:Institut
319:Alphabet
259:Language
230:Catalans
2799:Morisca
2779:Baroque
2763:Xeremia
2748:de saco
2728:de boto
2690:Vihuela
2675:Trikiti
2665:Tambori
2620:Flabiol
2615:Fiscorn
2384:Tientos
2304:Farruca
2259:Bambera
2254:Alboreá
2106:Endecha
2012:Outline
1955:Symbols
1921:Sardana
1886:Cuisine
1876:Castell
1871:Caganer
1853:Culture
1792:Society
1764:Tourism
1723:Economy
1639:Terçons
1581:Forests
1576:Climate
1410:History
1253:Castile
1245:Galicia
1180:amateur
1058:autarky
1030:English
933:Andorra
908:Andorra
894:Symbols
695:Cuisine
675:Sardana
612:Caganer
572:Catalan
449:Minorca
444:Majorca
419:Andorra
334:Morpho-
326:Braille
280:Grammar
265:History
213:Ibizans
102:History
86:Catalan
47:improve
2794:Latina
2772:Guitar
2700:Xirula
2685:Txistu
2670:Timple
2650:Palmas
2630:Gralla
2580:Alboka
2478:Murcia
2438:Aragon
2399:Zambra
2224:Romani
2189:Tiento
2129:Jácara
2081:Bolero
2070:Styles
1973:Anthem
1828:People
1591:Rivers
1285:
1168:Raimon
1160:Salomé
904:Flags
728:Paella
633:Falles
461:Murcia
424:Aragon
337:syntax
192:People
36:, but
2819:Cobla
2715:Gaita
2660:Rabel
2389:Tonás
2374:Tango
2364:Soleá
2354:Saeta
2349:Rumba
2269:Cante
2239:palos
2121:Folia
2101:Cuplé
2096:Copla
1933:Sport
1906:Music
1803:Crime
1754:Roads
1351:(RTF)
1317:(PDF)
1150:Setze
880:Sport
845:Music
439:Ibiza
388:(IEC)
380:(AVL)
357:Verbs
343:Nouns
2844:Tuna
2695:Viol
2344:Polo
2134:Jota
1963:Flag
1927:Seny
1779:Wine
1749:Rail
1336:IMDB
1283:ISBN
1221:and
1210:and
1204:folk
1136:and
1124:and
1015:The
707:Coca
574:and
570:See
490:See
396:and
2125:Isa
1866:Art
1823:Law
1198:or
1036:in
741:Art
2861::
1474:,
1334:a
1267:^
1255:.
1247:,
1240:.
1214:.
1194:,
1190:,
1186:,
1166:,
1132:,
1089:.
578:,
567:)
88:/
2241:)
2237:(
2055:e
2048:t
2041:v
1625:)
1621:(
1555:)
1551:(
1488:)
1484:(
1478:)
1470:(
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1291:.
1019:(
1004:e
997:t
990:v
563:(
557:)
553:(
547:)
543:(
537:)
533:(
527:)
523:(
517:)
513:(
477:)
473:(
467:)
463:(
430:)
426:(
366:)
360:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.