Knowledge

Perinatal mortality

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or fetal death. It encompasses any death of a fetus after 20 weeks of gestation or 500 gm. In some definitions of the PNM early fetal mortality (week 20–27 gestation) is not included, and the PNM may only include late fetal death and neonatal death. Fetal death can also be divided into death prior to
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The PNMR refers to the number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births. It is usually reported on an annual basis. It is a major marker to assess the quality of health care delivery. Comparisons between different rates may be hampered by varying definitions, registration bias, and differences in
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Probiotic supplementation of preterm and low birthweight babies during their first month of life can reduce the risk of blood infections, bowel sickness and death in low- and middle-income settings. However, supplementing with Vitamin A does not reduce the risk of death and increases the risk of
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defines perinatal mortality as the "number of stillbirths and deaths in the first week of life per 1,000 total births, the perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation, and ends seven completed days after birth", but other definitions have been used.
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within the first seven days of life, while late neonatal mortality refers to death after 7 days until before 28 days. Some definitions of the PNM include only the early neonatal mortality. Neonatal mortality is affected by the quality of in-hospital care for the
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The UK figure is about 8 per 1,000 and varies markedly by social class with the highest rates seen in Asian women. Globally, an estimated 2.6 million neonates died in 2013 before the first month of age down from 4.5 million in 1990.
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Variations in the precise definition of the perinatal mortality exist, specifically concerning the issue of inclusion or exclusion of early fetal and late neonatal fatalities. The
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Richardus JH, Graafmans WC, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Mackenbach JP (January 1998). "The perinatal mortality rate as an indicator of quality of care in international comparisons".
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PNMRs vary widely and may be below 10 for certain developed countries and more than 10 times higher in developing countries. The WHO has not published contemporary data.
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Imdad, Aamer; Rehman, Faseeha; Davis, Evans; Ranjit, Deepika; Surin, Gamael S. S.; Attia, Suzanna L.; Lawler, Sarah; Smith, Abigail A.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (2021).
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Neonatal mortality refers to death of a live-born baby within the first 28 days of life. Early neonatal mortality refers to the death of a live-born
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Fanaroff and Martin (eds.) Neonatal-perinatal medicine: Diseases of the fetus and infant; 7th ed. (2002):1001–1011. St. Louis: Mosby.
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means "relating to the period starting a few weeks before birth and including the birth and a few weeks after birth."
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is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths.
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The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
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Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates: United States, 1940–2005
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and neonatal deaths on first day of birth (per 1,000 total births)
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Preterm birth § Specific risks for the preterm neonate
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Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
864: 1729: 549:"Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) — MEASURE Evaluation" 933: 485:
Effects of neonatal nutrition on neonatal mortality
238:with the highest perinatal mortality rates – 2012 1021: 762:Respiratory distress syndrome and its management. 4289: 165:Anatomical defects; Uterine, Cervical anomalies 737: 735: 3605: 2223: 1007: 162:Pelvic diseases; endometriosis, ovarian tumor 103:and is the basis to calculate the perinatal 810:"Million babies die a year – charity – IOL" 760:Rodriguez RJ, Martin RJ, and Fanaroff, AA. 732: 228: 3612: 3598: 2230: 2216: 2090:International Center for Research on Women 1014: 1000: 647: 599:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 148:cause about 21 percent of neonatal death. 61: 2252: 900: 882: 715: 524:Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day 478:the underlying risks of the populations. 462: 14: 4290: 3593: 2580:List of ways people dishonor the dead 2211: 1809: 995: 987:European Perinatal Health Report 2010 684: 633:"WHO – Maternal and perinatal health" 207: 3884:Infant respiratory distress syndrome 2178: 2072:Office of Research on Women's Health 468:" report for intrapartum stillbirths 142:Infant respiratory distress syndrome 2190: 2110:Society for Women's Health Research 2044:International Day of the Girl Child 24: 3889:Transient tachypnea of the newborn 2585:List of ways people honor the dead 2154:Birth control in the United States 702:(9963): 117–71. 17 December 2014. 190: 25: 4334: 3667:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome 2616:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality 2049:Commission on the Status of Women 1059:External female genitalia (vulva) 929: 852:"Centre for International Health" 4185:Vertically transmitted infection 3573: 3564: 3563: 2189: 2177: 2166: 2165: 1382:Assisted reproductive technology 1022: 670:10.1097/00005650-199801000-00007 446: 427: 406: 387: 374:Democratic Republic of the Congo 366: 347: 326: 307: 286: 267: 4323:Pregnancy with abortive outcome 4277:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder 4227:Group B streptococcal infection 3795:Intrauterine growth restriction 3574: 1348:Breastfeeding and mental health 858: 844: 830: 816: 802: 785: 742:March of Dimes / Neonatal Death 3620:Conditions originating in the 767: 754: 751:Retrieved on November 10, 2014 625: 611: 559: 541: 494:which may cause brain damage. 13: 1: 3969:Vitamin K deficiency bleeding 2636:Maternal mortality in fiction 1998:Social determinants of health 708:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 534: 153:causes of perinatal mortality 4128:Periventricular leukomalacia 3946:Persistent fetal circulation 3894:Meconium aspiration syndrome 2550:Expressions related to death 2503:Medical declaration of death 1993:Gender disparities in health 1331:Mother-to-child transmission 514:Neonatal intensive care unit 441: 422: 401: 382: 361: 342: 321: 302: 281: 262: 7: 4037:Intraventricular hemorrhage 2570:Preventable causes of death 1606:Pelvic inflammatory disease 1549:Hormone replacement therapy 1113:Reproductive system disease 871:Campbell Systematic Reviews 497: 10: 4339: 4042:Germinal matrix hemorrhage 4032:Velamentous cord insertion 3923:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 2100:Black Women's Health Study 1167:Complications of pregnancy 568:Concise medical dictionary 195:Fetal mortality refers to 130: 26: 4242: 4177: 4136: 4113: 4085: 4072:Necrotizing enterocolitis 4057: 3954: 3931: 3869: 3862: 3803: 3781:Large for gestational age 3777:Small for gestational age 3769: 3733: 3701: 3675: 3643: 3632: 3559: 3285: 3215: 3101: 3055: 2937:Consciousness after death 2917: 2860: 2805: 2747: 2696: 2685: 2678: 2593: 2530: 2424: 2245: 2237: 2161: 2118: 2077:Women's Health Initiative 2062: 2024: 2015: 1964: 1930:Major depressive disorder 1798: 1758:Intimate partner violence 1720: 1619:Female genital mutilation 1614: 1563: 1472: 1414: 1360: 1306: 1219: 1132: 1121: 1047: 1034: 937: 235: 126: 116:World Health Organization 74: 69: 60: 52: 47: 4298:Medical aspects of death 3338:Personification of death 2560:People by cause of death 1666:Gynaecological disorders 1482:Culture and menstruation 1449:Contraceptive prevalence 1341:Compulsory sterilization 229:Perinatal mortality rate 27:Not to be confused with 4234:Neonatal conjunctivitis 3725:Single umbilical artery 3715:Umbilical cord prolapse 3662:Placental insufficiency 3635:complicating pregnancy, 3415:Death-positive movement 3260:Post-mortem photography 2540:Causes of death by rate 2468:Death by natural causes 1949:Urinary tract infection 1741:Abuse during childbirth 793:"Ending Newborn Deaths" 171:Blood incompatibilities 4210:ureaplasma urealyticum 3918:Wilson–Mikity syndrome 3842:Brachial plexus injury 3450:Fascination with death 3088:Reincarnation research 3083:Out-of-body experience 2545:Notable deaths by year 2386:Immunogenic cell death 2302:Temporal lobe necrosis 1866:Cardiovascular disease 1454:Contraceptive security 1387:In vitro fertilization 1298:Postpartum confinement 1172:Hyperemesis gravidarum 4158:Congenital hypertonia 4049:Anemia of prematurity 3757:Shoulder presentation 3255:Post-mortem chemistry 3068:Near-death experience 2964:Desecration of graves 2900:Postmortem caloricity 2865:Beating heart cadaver 2309:Programmed cell death 2277:Liquefactive necrosis 1988:Healthcare inequality 1790:Gender discrimination 1594:Human papilloma virus 1269:Vesicovaginal fistula 775:"NVSS – Fetal Deaths" 603:) CS1 maint: others ( 223:infant mortality rate 186:Advanced maternal age 177:Toxemias of pregnancy 131:Further information: 4163:Congenital hypotonia 4077:Meconium peritonitis 3879:Intrauterine hypoxia 3835:Subgaleal hemorrhage 3445:Festival of the Dead 3343:Dying-and-rising god 3298:Chinese burial money 3187:Prohibition of dying 3139:Death-qualified jury 2905:Post-mortem interval 2565:Premature obituaries 2272:Coagulative necrosis 2095:Nurses' Health Study 2003:Reproductive justice 1954:Urinary incontinence 1574:Sexually transmitted 1429:Intrauterine devices 1274:Rectovaginal fistula 1264:Obstetrical fistulae 1192:Gestational diabetes 1187:Obstetrical bleeding 1162:Adolescent pregnancy 1147:Gravidity and parity 1142:Unintended pregnancy 643:on December 3, 2013. 95:) is the death of a 4313:Medical terminology 4272:Neonatal withdrawal 4255:Perinatal mortality 4105:Sclerema neonatorum 3961:hematologic disease 3505:Philosophy of death 3370:Death from laughter 2670:Perinatal mortality 2411:Mitotic catastrophe 2391:Ischemic cell death 2334:Intrinsic apoptosis 2282:Gangrenous necrosis 2008:Women's empowerment 1876:Alzheimer's disease 1507:Cloth menstrual pad 1464:Fertility awareness 1434:Oral contraceptives 1316:Perinatal mortality 826:. 25 February 2014. 555:. 9 September 2020. 492:bulging fontanelle, 168:Endocrine imbalance 89:Perinatal mortality 48:Perinatal mortality 4205:mycoplasma hominis 4190:Neonatal infection 4146:Gray baby syndrome 4123:Perinatal asphyxia 4013:Hyperbilirubinemia 3790:Postterm pregnancy 3637:labour or delivery 3551:Thanatosensitivity 3455:Hierarchy of death 3395:Death notification 3303:Coins for the dead 3235:Forensic pathology 3119:Capital punishment 3073:Near-death studies 2665:Mortality salience 2297:Fibrinoid necrosis 2267:Avascular necrosis 2105:Cartwright Inquiry 2016:Politics, research 1834:Endometrial cancer 1688:Sexual intercourse 1459:Planned parenthood 1444:Male contraceptive 781:. 8 November 2017. 747:2014-10-24 at the 208:Neonatal mortality 183:Congenital defects 18:Neonatal mortality 4285: 4284: 4173: 4172: 4023:Neonatal jaundice 3941:Pneumopericardium 3911:Pneumomediastinum 3852:Klumpke paralysis 3830:Caput succedaneum 3765: 3764: 3633:Maternal factors 3587: 3586: 3323:Death anniversary 3318:Death and culture 3162:Dying declaration 3144:Death certificate 3051: 3050: 2913: 2912: 2765:Neuropreservation 2555:Natural disasters 2526: 2525: 2205: 2204: 2085: 2084: 1910: 1909: 1861: 1860: 1844:Papanicolaou test 1800:Non-communicable 1768:Sexual harassment 1746:Domestic violence 1716: 1715: 1559: 1558: 1356: 1355: 1259:Retained placenta 1177:Ectopic pregnancy 977: 976: 840:. 23 August 2015. 578:978-0-19-187376-8 475: 474: 471: 466:Save the Children 236:Top ten countries 159:Maternal diseases 86: 85: 42:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 4330: 4308:Infant mortality 4265:Infant mortality 4100:Erythema toxicum 4092:thermoregulation 4059:Gastrointestinal 3867: 3866: 3863:Affected systems 3740: 3708: 3693:Chorioamnionitis 3686: 3657:Placenta praevia 3650: 3641: 3640: 3614: 3607: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3577: 3576: 3567: 3566: 3547: 3532:Assisted suicide 3430:Death trajectory 3245:Mortuary science 3240:Funeral director 3231: 3197:Suspicious death 2969:Eternal oblivion 2755:Cryopreservation 2694: 2693: 2683: 2682: 2621:Infant mortality 2611:Excess mortality 2513:Terminal illness 2498:Lazarus syndrome 2483:End-of-life care 2434:Accidental death 2287:Caseous necrosis 2250: 2249: 2232: 2225: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2193: 2192: 2181: 2180: 2169: 2168: 2022: 2021: 1807: 1806: 1727: 1726: 1721:Non-reproductive 1570: 1569: 1487:Feminine hygiene 1254:Cesarian section 1249:Obstructed labor 1130: 1129: 1045: 1044: 1026: 1016: 1009: 1002: 993: 992: 935: 934: 923: 922: 904: 886: 884:10.1002/cl2.1141 862: 856: 855: 848: 842: 841: 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2142:Family planning 2120: 2114: 2081: 2058: 2017: 2011: 1983:Gender equality 1966: 1960: 1906: 1857: 1839:Cervical cancer 1801: 1794: 1732: 1722: 1712: 1703:Sex differences 1661:Forced marriage 1610: 1575: 1565: 1555: 1497:Menstrual cycle 1468: 1421:Family planning 1419: 1410: 1363: 1352: 1311:Maternal deaths 1302: 1293:Postpartum care 1239:Multiple births 1215: 1124: 1117: 1050: 1041: 1038: 1030: 1020: 982:WHO 2005 report 978: 973: 972: 946: 932: 927: 926: 863: 859: 850: 849: 845: 836: 835: 831: 822: 821: 817: 808: 807: 803: 795: 791: 790: 786: 773: 772: 768: 759: 755: 749:Wayback Machine 740: 733: 690: 689: 685: 652: 648: 631: 630: 626: 617: 616: 612: 592: 591: 579: 565: 564: 560: 553:www.cpc.unc.edu 547: 546: 542: 537: 500: 487: 469: 447: 445: 428: 426: 407: 405: 388: 386: 367: 365: 348: 346: 327: 325: 308: 306: 287: 285: 268: 266: 237: 231: 210: 193: 191:Fetal mortality 135: 129: 56:Perinatal death 43: 40: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4336: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4252: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4219: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4200:herpes simplex 4197: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4160: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4115:Nervous system 4111: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4010: 4005: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3933:Cardiovascular 3929: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3809: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3711: 3709: 3705:umbilical cord 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3689: 3687: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3638: 3630: 3629: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3571: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3293:Apparent death 3289: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3124:Cause of death 3121: 3116: 3114:Administration 3111: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3013: 3008: 3007: 3006: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2934: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2885:Death erection 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2820:Natural burial 2811: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2691: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2653:Mortality rate 2650: 2645: 2638: 2633: 2631:Maternal death 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2575:Unusual deaths 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2508:Organ donation 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2456:Clinical death 2453: 2452: 2451: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2258: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2119:Women's health 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2068: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2026:United Nations 2019: 2018:& advocacy 2013: 2012: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1965:Sociocultural 1962: 1961: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1922: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1855: 1853:Ovarian cancer 1850: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1836: 1829:Uterine cancer 1826: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1804: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1773:Sexual assault 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1651:Child marriage 1648: 1646:Breast ironing 1643: 1638: 1636:Breast binding 1633: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1624:Clitoridectomy 1615: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1502:Menstrual aids 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1478: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1368: 1366: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1286:Husband stitch 1278: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1164: 1159: 1157:Antenatal care 1154: 1149: 1144: 1138: 1136: 1127: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1103:Fallopian tube 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1055: 1053: 1049:Reproductive 1042: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028:Women's health 1019: 1018: 1011: 1004: 996: 990: 989: 984: 975: 974: 971: 970: 959: 947: 942: 941: 939: 938:Classification 931: 930:External links 928: 925: 924: 857: 843: 829: 815: 801: 784: 766: 753: 731: 683: 646: 624: 610: 577: 558: 539: 538: 536: 533: 532: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 504:Maternal death 499: 496: 486: 483: 473: 472: 460: 459: 456: 443: 440: 437: 424: 420: 419: 416: 403: 400: 397: 384: 380: 379: 376: 363: 360: 357: 344: 340: 339: 336: 323: 320: 317: 304: 300: 299: 296: 283: 280: 277: 264: 260: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 240: 239: 230: 227: 209: 206: 192: 189: 188: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 172: 169: 166: 163: 160: 128: 125: 105:mortality rate 84: 83: 78: 72: 71: 67: 66: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 41: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4335: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786:Preterm birth 3784: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3626:fetal disease 3623: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3580: 3572: 3570: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3328:Death anxiety 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3313:Darwin Awards 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3270:Biostratinomy 3268: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3182:Necropolitics 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3016:Reincarnation 3014: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2919:Other aspects 2916: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2870:Body donation 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2837:Dismemberment 2835: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2782:Mummification 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2739:Fossilization 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2729:Decomposition 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2704:Pallor mortis 2702: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2198: 2197: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2064:United States 2061: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1978:Disadvantaged 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1963: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939:Urinary tract 1937: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1915:Mental health 1913: 1912: 1903: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1824:Breast cancer 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1733:against women 1728: 1725: 1719: 1709: 1708:Sex education 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1641:Breast health 1639: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1562: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512:Menstrual cup 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1416:Contraception 1413: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1377:Childlessness 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1362:Reproductive 1359: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1336:Sterilization 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1234:Preterm birth 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1069:Clitoral hood 1067: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037:Reproductive 1033: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1003: 998: 997: 994: 988: 985: 983: 980: 979: 969: 965: 964: 960: 958: 954: 953: 949: 948: 945: 940: 936: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 898: 894: 890: 885: 880: 876: 872: 868: 861: 853: 847: 839: 833: 825: 819: 811: 805: 794: 788: 780: 776: 770: 763: 757: 750: 746: 743: 738: 736: 727: 723: 718: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 687: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 658: 650: 642: 638: 634: 628: 620: 614: 606: 602: 596: 588: 584: 580: 574: 570: 569: 562: 554: 550: 544: 540: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 495: 493: 482: 479: 467: 464:As per 2014 " 461: 457: 455: 444: 438: 436: 435:Guinea-Bissau 425: 421: 417: 415: 404: 398: 396: 385: 381: 377: 375: 364: 358: 356: 345: 341: 337: 335: 324: 318: 316: 305: 301: 297: 295: 284: 278: 276: 265: 261: 257: 254: 251: 248: 245: 242: 241: 234: 226: 224: 220: 215: 205: 203: 198: 185: 182: 179: 176: 173: 170: 167: 164: 161: 158: 157: 156: 154: 149: 147: 146:Birth defects 143: 139: 138:Preterm birth 134: 124: 120: 117: 112: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 82: 81:Public health 79: 77: 73: 68: 64: 59: 55: 51: 46: 38: 34: 30: 19: 4254: 4150: 3906:Pneumothorax 3898: 3812: 3805:Birth trauma 3747:Breech birth 3737:presentation 3735: 3703: 3677: 3645: 3425:Death threat 3308:Dark tourism 3250:Necrobiology 3192:Right to die 3150: 3109:Abortion law 3033:Resurrection 3021:Palingenesis 2918: 2880:Coffin birth 2787:Plastination 2748:Preservation 2724:Putrefaction 2719:Rigor mortis 2714:Algor mortis 2709:Livor mortis 2686: 2669: 2642:Memento mori 2640: 2493:Lazarus sign 2473:Death rattle 2416:Suicide gene 2401:Karyorrhexis 2292:Fat necrosis 2194: 2182: 2170: 1893:Hip fracture 1888:Osteoporosis 1629:Infibulation 1529:Dysmenorrhea 1522:Sanitary pad 1474:Menstruation 1315: 1202:Preeclampsia 1197:Hypertension 1081:Labia majora 1076:Labia minora 961: 950: 877:(1): e1141. 874: 870: 860: 846: 832: 818: 804: 787: 778: 769: 761: 756: 699: 695: 686: 664:(1): 54–66. 661: 657:Medical Care 655: 649: 641:the original 636: 627: 613: 567: 561: 552: 543: 491: 488: 480: 476: 355:Sierra Leone 211: 194: 174:Malnutrition 152: 150: 136: 121: 113: 108: 92: 88: 87: 4250:Miscarriage 4152:muscle tone 4018:Kernicterus 3871:Respiratory 3847:Erb's palsy 3752:Asynclitism 3720:Nuchal cord 3542: [ 3500:Necrophobia 3495:Necrophilia 3465:Immortality 3420:Death squad 3400:Death panel 3385:Death march 3380:Death knell 3360:Death drive 3333:Death deity 3277:Thanatology 3226: [ 3172:Legal death 3151:in absentia 3129:Civil death 2974:Examination 2959:Crematorium 2842:Excarnation 2679:After death 2478:Dysthanasia 2444:Brain death 2376:Autoschizis 2354:Phenoptosis 2349:Parthanatos 2339:Necroptosis 2246:In medicine 2196:WikiProject 1883:Bone health 1819:Lung cancer 1656:Dyspareunia 1599:HPV vaccine 1539:Amenorrhoea 1534:Menorrhagia 1372:Infertility 1321:Stillbirths 1182:Miscarriage 779:www.cdc.gov 637:www.who.int 519:Neonaticide 509:Miscarriage 294:Afghanistan 197:stillbirths 151:Some major 53:Other names 29:embryo loss 4303:Obstetrics 4292:Categories 4260:Stillbirth 4217:Omphalitis 4178:Infections 4087:Integument 3470:Last rites 3440:Extinction 3410:Death pose 3405:Death poem 3375:Death hoax 3355:Death camp 3348:Psychopomp 3223:Death tech 3078:Necromancy 3056:Paranormal 3038:Underworld 2890:Dissection 2852:Resomation 2847:Promession 2825:Sky burial 2792:Prosection 2777:Maceration 2488:Euthanasia 2406:Karyolysis 2364:Pyroptosis 2344:Paraptosis 2254:Cell death 2121:by country 1925:Depression 1576:infections 1281:Episiotomy 1221:Childbirth 1152:Obstetrics 963:DiseasesDB 619:"UpToDate" 587:1142355883 535:References 529:Stillbirth 334:Bangladesh 4318:Midwifery 3986:Anti-Kell 3624:period / 3622:perinatal 3515:Sacrifice 3510:Predation 3475:Longevity 3265:Taphonomy 3202:Trust law 3157:Death row 2942:Afterlife 2895:Gibbeting 2832:Cremation 2797:Taxidermy 2772:Embalming 2648:Micromort 2594:Mortality 2371:Autolysis 2329:Autophagy 2324:Apoptosis 1751:Pregnancy 1731:Violence 1671:Vaginitis 1544:Menopause 1404:Fostering 1394:Parenting 1364:life plan 1229:Midwifery 1207:Eclampsia 1134:Pregnancy 1123:Maternal 919:240864559 893:1891-1803 595:cite book 155:rate is: 109:Perinatal 76:Specialty 3956:Bleeding 3647:placenta 3569:Category 3539:Thanabot 3490:Necronym 3460:Homicide 3011:Obituary 2999:Mourning 2989:Internet 2932:Cemetery 2807:Disposal 2760:Cryonics 2429:Abortion 2396:Pyknosis 2262:Necrosis 2172:Category 2132:Ethiopia 2054:UN Women 1871:Dementia 1802:diseases 1785:Femicide 1763:Misogyny 1683:Polygamy 1584:Safe sex 1492:Menarche 1399:Adoption 1326:Abortion 1244:Oxytocin 1064:Clitoris 911:37133295 745:Archived 726:25530442 498:See also 275:Pakistan 33:abortion 4195:rubella 3825:Chignon 3679:chorion 3579:Outline 3527:Suicide 3167:Inquest 3134:Coroner 3026:Saáčƒsāra 2994:Midwife 2979:Funeral 2954:Customs 2927:Carrion 2626:Karoshi 2439:Autopsy 2319:Anoikis 2184:Commons 1973:Poverty 1967:factors 1944:Urethra 1920:Anxiety 1902:Anaemia 1698:Puberty 1678:Leblouh 1564:Sexual 1439:Condoms 957:D066087 902:8356300 717:4340604 678:9431331 414:Lesotho 395:Somalia 315:Nigeria 255:Country 246:Country 219:neonate 101:neonate 3770:Growth 3683:amnion 3480:Martyr 3216:Fields 3177:Murder 3093:SĂ©ance 3063:Ghosts 2947:Tukdam 2815:Burial 2697:Stages 2381:Eschar 2149:Russia 1811:Cancer 1723:health 1693:Orgasm 1566:health 1517:Tampon 1125:health 1098:Uterus 1093:Cervix 1088:Vagina 1039:health 917:  909:  899:  891:  724:  714:  696:Lancet 676:  585:  575:  454:Angola 451:  432:  411:  392:  371:  352:  331:  312:  291:  272:  127:Causes 4243:Other 4067:Ileus 3814:scalp 3546:] 3520:human 3286:Other 3230:] 3102:Legal 3043:Vigil 2984:Grief 2532:Lists 2239:Death 2137:India 2127:China 1418:& 1108:Ovary 1051:tract 968:24405 915:S2CID 796:(PDF) 458:27.4 418:27.5 378:28.3 338:28.9 298:29.0 258:PNMR 202:labor 97:fetus 35:, or 4001:Rh E 3996:Rh D 3991:Rh c 3207:Will 2688:Body 2658:RAMR 2314:AICD 1778:Rape 952:MeSH 907:PMID 889:ISSN 722:PMID 674:PMID 605:link 601:link 583:OCLC 573:ISBN 439:29.4 399:29.7 359:30.8 319:32.7 279:40.7 252:Rank 249:PNMR 243:Rank 214:baby 4089:and 3981:ABO 3976:HDN 3958:and 2461:DOA 1589:HIV 897:PMC 879:doi 712:PMC 704:doi 700:385 666:doi 180:APH 99:or 93:PNM 4294:: 3788:/ 3779:/ 3544:ca 3228:pt 966:: 955:: 913:. 905:. 895:. 887:. 875:17 873:. 869:. 777:. 734:^ 720:. 710:. 698:. 694:. 672:. 662:36 660:. 635:. 597:}} 593:{{ 581:. 551:. 442:10 225:. 107:. 31:, 3681:/ 3613:e 3606:t 3599:v 2231:e 2224:t 2217:v 1015:e 1008:t 1001:v 944:D 921:. 881:: 854:. 812:. 798:. 728:. 706:: 680:. 668:: 621:. 607:) 589:. 423:5 402:9 383:4 362:8 343:3 322:7 303:2 282:6 263:1 91:( 39:. 20:)

Index

Neonatal mortality
embryo loss
abortion
infant mortality

Specialty
Public health
fetus
neonate
mortality rate
World Health Organization
Preterm birth § Specific risks for the preterm neonate
Preterm birth
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Birth defects
stillbirths
labor
baby
neonate
infant mortality rate
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Sierra Leone
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Somalia
Lesotho
Guinea-Bissau
Angola

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