265:
961:
114:
333:
branch of the Uralic family; this view was however abandoned in the late 20th century. Instead, some
Uralicists now prefer a rapid expansion model, with Mordvinic as one out of nine primary branches of Uralic; others propose a close relation between Mordvinic with the
1092:
695:
Saarikivi, Janne (2022). "The divergence of Proto-Uralic and its offspring: A descendant reconstruction". In
Marianne Bakró-Nagy; Johanna Laakso; Elena Skribnik (eds.).
1318:
1304:
1083:
359:
750:
711:
605:Феоктистов А. П. Мордовские языки. основы финно-угорского языкознания. Прибалтийско-финские, саамский и мордовские языки. М., 1975
648:
the idea, once widely-held, that there was a common Mordva-Mari protolanguage (so-called 'proto-Volgaic') is now out of favour.
626:
571:
541:
467:
184:, Erzya and Moksha are not mutually intelligible. The two Mordvinic languages also have separate literary forms. The Erzya
172:
Previously considered a single "Mordvin language", it is now treated as a small language grouping. Due to differences in
531:
511:
210:
like many other Uralic languages, using in front-vocalic words and in back-vocalic words. Moksha has a simple
743:
803:
1479:
1474:
239:
232:
222:
218:
200:
196:
383:"Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic"
1484:
1129:
1313:
736:
1425:
1208:
1203:
897:
768:
367:
259:
1245:
1213:
914:
712:"Statistical Dating of Finno-Mordvinic Languages through Comparative Linguistics and Sound Laws"
660:
Nichols, Johanna (2021). "The Origin and
Dispersal of Uralic: Distributional Typological View".
264:
1338:
1333:
1231:
797:
1420:
991:
673:
616:
588:
503:
381:
Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08).
1451:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1157:
561:
482:
457:
1124:
394:
247:
8:
1262:
1152:
398:
1381:
1190:
1180:
1119:
785:
677:
417:
382:
104:
1388:
1345:
960:
942:
926:
909:
904:
791:
681:
622:
567:
537:
507:
496:
463:
422:
185:
969:
1328:
1198:
1139:
892:
885:
870:
865:
776:
759:
669:
412:
402:
339:
335:
229:
154:
142:
65:
1051:
1041:
818:
1356:
1350:
1220:
1172:
1162:
1101:
948:
848:
439:
Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021).
407:
162:
89:
60:
1445:
1374:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1225:
1078:
936:
919:
835:
823:
808:
158:
84:
1010:
997:
985:
1468:
1238:
1147:
1111:
931:
875:
855:
841:
828:
326:
207:
1015:
1088:
813:
426:
1046:
1036:
1004:
880:
444:
1056:
1020:
587:
Hamari, Arja; Ajanki, Rigina (2022). "Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)". In
236:
173:
98:
728:
268:
Dialects of Moksha and Erzya languages in the
Republic of Mordovia
166:
30:
563:
The Uralic languages: Description, history and foreign influences
181:
177:
43:
380:
211:
191:
Phonological differences between the two languages include:
113:
118:
Mordvin languages at the beginning of the 20th century
325:
Traditionally, Uralicists grouped the
Mordvinic and
217:Word-initially, Erzya has a postalveolar affricate
495:
1466:
195:Moksha retains a distinction between the vowels
646:. London & New York: Routledge. p. 4.
250:may have been Mordvinic or close to Mordvinic.
744:
441:Geographical database of the Uralic languages
364:Федеральная служба государственной статистики
188:was created in 1922 and the Mokshan in 1923.
595:. Oxford University Press. pp. 392–431.
586:
360:"Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года"
751:
737:
699:. Oxford University Press. pp. 28–58.
709:
694:
674:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030405
591:; Johanna Laakso; Elena Skribnik (eds.).
459:International Encyclopedia of Linguistics
416:
406:
697:The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages
641:
593:The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages
529:
263:
206:In unstressed syllables, Erzya features
1189:
659:
362:[Whole of Russia Census 2020].
1467:
614:
560:Raun, Alo (1988). Sinor, Denis (ed.).
455:
445:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
260:Uralic languages § Classification
732:
555:
553:
502:. Columbia University Press. p.
493:
758:
719:Fenno-Ugrica Suecana Nova Series. 15
559:
329:languages together in the so-called
199:while in Erzya, they have merged as
533:Language Policy in the Soviet Union
433:
374:
13:
1450:Languages between parentheses are
550:
16:Pair of Uralic languages of Russia
14:
1496:
253:
157:, comprising the closely related
959:
483:Mordvin languages @ google books
112:
703:
688:
653:
635:
608:
599:
1454:of the language on their left.
580:
523:
487:
476:
449:
352:
228:Next to voiceless consonants,
42:Southwestern and Southeastern
1:
621:. M.E. Sharpe. p. A137.
345:
221:corresponding to a fricative
710:Piispanen, Peter S. (2016).
662:Annual Review of Linguistics
408:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648
366:(in Russian). Archived from
7:
462:. Oxford University Press.
242:are devoiced in Moksha to .
10:
1501:
257:
55:275,000 (2021 census)
1436:
1398:
1366:
1261:
1171:
1138:
1110:
1069:
1029:
977:
968:
957:
775:
766:
642:Abondolo, Daniel (1988).
536:. Springer. p. A80.
530:Grenoble, Lenore (2003).
153:), are a subgroup of the
146:
111:
97:
78:
61:Linguistic classification
59:
49:
36:
26:
21:
898:Siberian Ingrian Finnish
769:List of Uralic languages
456:Bright, William (1992).
618:The Peoples of the USSR
615:Wixman, Ronald (1984).
498:Dictionary of Languages
566:. BRILL. p. A96.
494:Dalby, Andrew (1998).
322:
267:
258:Further information:
804:Northeastern coastal
644:The Uralic Languages
370:on 13 February 2023.
342:branches of Uralic.
306:Northwestern group *
248:Meshcherian language
139:Mordvinian languages
129:, also known as the
1480:Languages of Russia
1475:Mordvinic languages
589:Marianne Bakró-Nagy
399:2022PLoSO..1769648R
127:Mordvinic languages
786:Bjarmian languages
323:
151:mordovskiye yazyki
1485:Mordovian culture
1462:
1461:
1446:extinct languages
1257:
1256:
1130:Northwestern Mari
1065:
1064:
628:978-0-87332-506-6
573:978-90-04-07741-6
543:978-1-4020-1298-3
469:978-0-19-505196-4
443:(v1.0) . Zenodo.
186:literary language
165:, both spoken in
123:
122:
1492:
1322:
1308:
1187:
1186:
1096:
975:
974:
963:
886:Siberian Finnish
832:
760:Uralic languages
753:
746:
739:
730:
729:
723:
722:
716:
707:
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700:
692:
686:
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657:
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612:
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584:
578:
577:
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520:
501:
491:
485:
480:
474:
473:
453:
447:
437:
431:
430:
420:
410:
378:
372:
371:
356:
314:
310:Southeast group
291:
287:Southeast group
272:
241:
234:
224:
220:
202:
198:
155:Uralic languages
148:
147:мордовские языки
116:
107:
19:
18:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1432:
1426:Proto-Samoyedic
1394:
1362:
1316:
1302:
1253:
1209:Southern Khanty
1204:Northern Khanty
1185:
1167:
1134:
1106:
1086:
1084:Shoksha dialect
1061:
1025:
964:
955:
910:Karelian proper
826:
771:
762:
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727:
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714:
708:
704:
693:
689:
658:
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636:
629:
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477:
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454:
450:
438:
434:
393:(6): e0269648.
379:
375:
358:
357:
353:
348:
321:Shoksha dialect
316:
312:
302:Western group *
298:Central group *
293:
289:
283:Western group *
279:Central group *
274:
270:
262:
256:
214:in their place.
163:Moksha language
119:
103:
52:
51:Native speakers
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1460:
1459:
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1438:
1437:
1434:
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1418:
1413:
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1400:
1396:
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1392:
1385:
1378:
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1361:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:Southern Mansi
1242:
1235:
1228:
1226:Northern Mansi
1218:
1217:
1216:
1214:Eastern Khanty
1211:
1206:
1195:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
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953:
952:
951:
946:
934:
929:
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923:
922:
917:
912:
902:
901:
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890:
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888:
883:
878:
873:
863:
862:
861:
860:
859:
852:
845:
838:
833:
821:
816:
809:South Estonian
806:
801:
789:
781:
779:
773:
772:
767:
764:
763:
756:
755:
748:
741:
733:
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687:
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598:
579:
572:
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486:
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432:
373:
350:
349:
347:
344:
311:
288:
269:
255:
254:Classification
252:
244:
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226:
215:
204:
159:Erzya language
121:
120:
117:
109:
108:
101:
95:
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87:
80:
76:
75:
74:
73:
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50:
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40:
34:
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28:
24:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1472:
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1403:
1401:
1399:Reconstructed
1397:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
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1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:Tundra Nenets
1337:
1335:
1334:Forest Nenets
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1296:
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1278:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1239:Eastern Mansi
1236:
1234:
1233:
1232:Western Mansi
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
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1201:
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1196:
1194:
1192:
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1123:
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1043:
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935:
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903:
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839:
837:
834:
830:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:
798:Laiuse Romani
795:
794:
793:
790:
788:
787:
783:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
765:
761:
754:
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747:
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735:
734:
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713:
706:
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691:
683:
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663:
656:
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624:
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619:
611:
602:
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590:
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575:
569:
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554:
545:
539:
535:
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526:
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515:
513:9780231115681
509:
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499:
490:
484:
479:
471:
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460:
452:
446:
442:
436:
428:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
369:
365:
361:
355:
351:
343:
341:
337:
332:
328:
320:
315: Shoksha
309:
305:
301:
297:
286:
282:
278:
266:
261:
251:
249:
246:The medieval
238:
231:
227:
216:
213:
209:
208:vowel harmony
205:
194:
193:
192:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
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168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
115:
110:
106:
102:
100:
96:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
81:
77:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
62:
58:
54:
48:
45:
41:
35:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1441:
1416:Proto-Finnic
1406:Proto-Uralic
1387:
1380:
1373:
1355:
1312:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1275:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1158:Komi-Permyak
1070:
1030:Western Sámi
1003:
996:
984:
978:Eastern Sámi
941:
854:
847:
840:
796:
784:
718:
705:
696:
690:
665:
661:
655:
647:
643:
637:
617:
610:
601:
592:
582:
562:
532:
525:
517:
497:
489:
478:
458:
451:
440:
435:
390:
386:
376:
368:the original
363:
354:
330:
324:
318:
307:
303:
299:
295:
284:
280:
276:
273: Moksha
245:
190:
171:
150:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
79:Subdivisions
70:
39:distribution
1382:Meshcherian
1317: [
1303: [
1125:Meadow Mari
1087: [
827: [
668:: 351–369.
292: Erzya
233:/r,rʲ,l,lʲ/
1469:Categories
1421:Proto-Sámi
1153:Komi-Yazva
346:References
225:in Moksha.
37:Geographic
1452:varieties
1444:indicate
1263:Samoyedic
1181:Hungarian
1120:Hill Mari
1071:Mordvinic
943:Krevinian
881:Meänkieli
871:Fingelska
682:234179048
237:semivowel
174:phonology
135:Mordovian
99:Glottolog
71:Mordvinic
27:Ethnicity
22:Mordvinic
1411:homeland
1389:Muromian
1346:Nganasan
1191:Ob-Ugric
1052:Southern
1042:Northern
927:Livonian
905:Karelian
792:Estonian
427:35675367
387:PLOS ONE
235:and the
167:Mordovia
105:mord1256
31:Mordvins
1442:Italics
1314:Karagas
949:Kukkuzi
893:Ingrian
866:Finnish
849:Kraasna
721:: 1–58.
418:9176854
395:Bibcode
331:Volgaic
230:liquids
182:grammar
178:lexicon
143:Russian
131:Mordvin
1367:Others
1357:Yurats
1351:Selkup
1329:Nenets
1284:Koibal
1199:Khanty
1163:Udmurt
1140:Permic
1102:Moksha
1011:Kildin
998:Kainuu
986:Akkala
777:Finnic
680:
625:
570:
540:
510:
466:
425:
415:
340:Saamic
336:Finnic
313:
290:
271:
180:, and
90:Moksha
66:Uralic
44:Russia
1375:Merya
1321:]
1307:]
1300:Taygi
1293:Mator
1277:Kamas
1271:Enets
1221:Mansi
1173:Ugric
1095:]
1079:Erzya
1016:Skolt
992:Inari
937:Votic
920:Ludic
915:Livvi
856:Leivu
842:Ludza
836:Tartu
831:]
824:Mulgi
715:(PDF)
678:S2CID
518:Erza.
304:E-III
285:M-III
212:schwa
197:/ɛ,e/
85:Erzya
1148:Komi
1112:Mari
1047:Pite
1037:Lule
1005:Kemi
970:Sámi
932:Veps
876:Kven
819:Võro
814:Seto
623:ISBN
568:ISBN
538:ISBN
508:ISBN
464:ISBN
423:PMID
338:and
327:Mari
308:E-IV
300:E-II
281:M-II
219:/tʃ/
161:and
125:The
1057:Ume
1021:Ter
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