Christian monasticism

1257: 53: 2940:, "Each monastery should be seen, as with most monasteries of the period, as an individual response to the monastic impulse by someone who had experienced monasticism and then went off to establish either a hermitage to which others later came or a cenobitic community." The monasteries were organized on a family basis. Next in importance to the abbot was the scribe, in charge of the scriptorium, the teaching function of the monastery, and the keeping of the annals. The role of scribe was often a path to the position of abbot. Hereditary right and relationship to the abbot were factors influencing appointment to monastic offices. 6811: 13038: 3023:

he also established a college and a hospital. His legend recounts that he daily fed a hundred clergy and a hundred soldiers, a hundred workmen, a hundred poor men, and the same number of widows. When thousands left the world and became monks, they very often did so as clansmen, dutifully following the example of their chief. Bishoprics, canonries, and parochial benefices passed from one to another member of the same family, and frequently from father to son. Their tribal character is a feature which Irish and Welsh monasteries had in common.

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and nuns living under ecclesiastical discipline, and ministering to the people of the surrounding area. Monastic spirituality came to Britain and then Ireland from Gaul, by way of Lérins, Tours, and Auxerre. Its spirituality was heavily influenced by the Desert Fathers, with a monastic enclosure surrounding a collection of individual monastic cells. The British church employed an episcopal structure corresponding closely to the model used elsewhere in the Christian world.

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have been reduced to a single convent or monastery composed of elderly men or women. In the last few decades of the 20th century, novices have for most communities been few and far between. Some orders and communities have already become extinct. There are, however, still thousands of Anglican religious working today in religious communities around the world. While vocations remain few in some areas, Anglican religious communities are experiencing exponential growth in

1427:. The latter has essentially some special work or aim, such as preaching, teaching, liberating captives, etc., which occupies a large place in their activities. While monks have undertaken labors of the most varied character, in every case this work is extrinsic to the essence of the monastic state. Monks and friars are two distinct roles. In the thirteenth century "...new orders of friars were founded to teach the Christian faith," because monasteries had declined. 18633: 18020: 15133: 6900: 2599: 1647:

not in the deserts but on the edge of inhabited places, still remaining in the world but practicing asceticism and striving for union with God. In ante-Nicene asceticism, a man would lead a single life, practice long and frequent fasts, abstain from meat and wine, and support himself, if he were able, by some small handicraft, keeping of what he earned only so much as was absolutely necessary for his own sustenance, and giving the rest to the poor.

18623: 6891:. A prospective monk first learned grammar, logic, and oratory. Later, he would take up mathematics, astronomy, and music. The students would use a stylus on wax. Later, when their handwriting improved, they would be given ink and parchment. Eventually, many of those schools became universities. Monks in scriptoria copied texts of Greece and Rome, as well as religious texts, and kept these manuscripts from being lost during the Middle Ages. 18009: 15122: 13050: 11775: 10374: 9821: 7032: 6097: 2502: 2303: 2003: 1626: 1524: 6311: 1932: 18643: 1807:

divided into houses according to the work they were employed in: thus there would be a house for carpenters, a house for agriculturists, and so forth. But other principles of division seem to have been employed, e.g., there was a house for the Greeks. On Saturdays and Sundays, all the monks assembled in the church for Mass; on other days the Office and other spiritual exercises were celebrated in the houses.

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focus of the tribe or kin group. Successive abbots and abbesses were members of the founder's family, a policy which kept the monastic lands under the jurisdiction of the family (and corresponded to Irish legal tradition, which only allowed the transfer of land within a family). In Ireland, the abbot was often called "coarb", a term designating the heir or successor of the founder.

7828: 2205:, etc.) which, while not "Rules" in the legalistic sense of later Western rules, provided firm indications of the importance of a single community of monks, living under the same roof, and under the guidance—and even discipline—of a strong abbot. His teachings set the model for Greek and Russian monasticism but had less influence in the Latin West. 3432:. Early Benedictine monasteries were relatively small and consisted of an oratory, refectory, dormitory, scriptorium, guest accommodation, and out-buildings, a group of often quite separate rooms more reminiscent of a decent-sized Roman villa than a large medieval abbey. A monastery of about a dozen monks would have been normal during this period. 3481:, who believed that existing Christian methods of serving the Church's ends in the war were inadequate and that a group of dedicated warrior monks, who achieved spiritual merit and served God through waging war, was necessary. In his view, advancing the cause of Christendom was an end that justified means that might fall outside the bounds of 2103:(the "father of monasticism") went out into the desert, there were Christians who devoted their lives to ascetic discipline and striving to lead an evangelical life (i.e., in accordance with the teachings of the Gospel). As monasticism spread in the East from the hermits living in the deserts of Egypt to Palestine, Syria, and on up into 2190:. Saint Basil visited colonies of hermits in Palestine and Egypt but was most strongly impressed by the organized communities developed under the guidance of Saint Pachomius. Saint Basil's ascetical writings set forth standards for well-disciplined community life and offered lessons in what became the ideal monastic virtue: humility. 1728:

enclosure. After this was completed, the anchoress would live alone in a room that typically had a window that opened into a church so they could receive communion and participate in church services. There were two other windows that allowed food to be passed in and people to come to seek advice. The most well-known anchoress was

3323:, an abbot from a Leinster noble family, traveled to Gaul in the late 6th century with twelve companions. Columbanus and his followers spread the Irish model of monastic institutions to the continent. A whole series of new monastic foundations under Irish influence sprang up, starting with Columbanus's foundations of 2885:. The monastery combined a community with isolated hermitages where older, spiritually-proven monks could live in isolation. Lérins became, in time, a center of monastic culture and learning, and many later monks and bishops would pass through Lérins in the early stages of their career. Honoratus was called to be 6883:

The capitulary of 789 reads: "Let every monastery and every abbey have its school, in which boys may be taught the Psalms, the system of musical notation, singing, arithmetic, and grammar". There can be no doubt that by boys are meant not only the candidates for the monastery and the wards (generally

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including Catholics, Anglicans, Eastern Orthodox, and a range of Protestant traditions. The Order understands its charism to include not only ecumenical efforts and the traditional emphases of the Franciscans in general, but also to help to develop relationships between the various Franciscan orders.

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The Community of the Sisterhood Emmanuel was founded in 1973 in Makak - in the Centre Province by Mother Marie, one of the first female Pastors of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon. In 1975 she moved the community to the present site- at Agyati in Bafut. It has 10 finally consecrated Sisters, four

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in observing the monastic life and offices of prayer. These men and others came and went over the years. The community has always remained small; at times the only member was Father Arthur. During the 35 years of its existence over 25 men tested their vocations to monastic life by living at the house

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The abbots of the principal monasteries— such as Clonard, Armagh, Clonmacnoise, Swords, etc.—were of the highest rank and held in the greatest esteem. They wielded great power and had vast influence. The abbot usually was only a presbyter, but in the large monasteries, there were one or more resident

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Ireland was a rural society of chieftains living in the countryside. As in Wales, if a clan chieftain accepted Christianity so did those he ruled. Commonly Irish monasteries were established by grants of land to an abbot or abbess who came from a local noble family. The monastery became the spiritual

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in the latter part of the fifth century. He received the religious habit from an Irish monk, St. Tathai, superior of a small community near Chepstow, in Monmouthshire. Returning to his native county, Cadoc built a church, and monastery, which was called Llancarfan, or the "Church of the Stags". There

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It seems that the first Celtic monasteries were merely settlements where the Christians lived together—priests and laity, men, women, and children alike—as a kind of religious clan. According to James F. Kenney, every important church was a monastic establishment, with a small walled village of monks

2867:, a few miles upstream from the city. His cell was a hut of wood, and round it his disciples, who soon numbered eighty, dwelt in caves and huts. His monastery was laid out as a colony of hermits rather than as a single integrated community. The type of life was simply the Antonian monachism of Egypt. 2815:

The introduction of monasticism into the West may be dated from about A.D. 340 when St. Athanasius visited Rome accompanied by the two Egyptian monks Ammon and Isidore, disciples of St. Anthony. The publication of the "Vita Antonii" some years later and its translation into Latin spread the knowledge

2668:, is the grade that most Russian monks remain all their lives. The title Stavrophore means "cross-bearer" because when Tonsured into this grade the monastic is given a cross to wear at all times. This cross is called a Paramand—a wooden cross attached by ribbons to a square cloth embroidered with the 1842:

In 370 Basil the Great, monastic founder in Cappadocia, became bishop of Caesarea and wrote principles of ascetic life. Eastern monastic teachings were brought to the western church by Saint John Cassian (c. 360 – c. 435). As a young adult, he and his friend Germanus entered a monastery in Palestine

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Guidelines for daily life were created, and separate monasteries were created for men and women. St Pachomius introduced a monastic Rule of cenobitic life, giving everyone the same food and attire. The monks of the monastery fulfilled the obediences assigned them for the common good of the monastery.

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is a religious order of men and women devoted to following the examples of Saint Francis of Assisi and Saint Clare of Assisi in their life and understanding of the Christian gospel: sharing a love for creation and those who have been marginalized. It includes members of many different denominations,

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If someone wants to become a Shaker, and the Shakers assent, the would-be member can move into the dwelling house. If the novices, as they are called, stay a week, they sign an articles of agreement, which protects the colony from being sued for lost wages. After a year, the Shakers will take a vote

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had hundreds of orders and communities, and thousands of religious. However, since the 1960s there has been a sharp falling off in the numbers of religious in many parts of the Anglican Communion, most notably in the United Kingdom and the United States. Many once large and international communities

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Some Anglican religious communities are contemplative, some active, but a distinguishing feature of the monastic life among Anglicans is that most practice the so-called "mixed life", a combination of a life of contemplative prayer with active service. Anglican religious life closely mirrors that of

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The efficiency of Benedict's cenobitic Rule in addition to the stability of the monasteries made them very productive. The monasteries were the central storehouses and producers of knowledge. Vikings started attacking Irish monasteries famous for learning in 793. One monk wrote about how he did not

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At the time of his conversion in Milan in the years 386–387, Augustine was aware of the life of Saint Anthony in the desert of Egypt. Upon his return to Africa as a Christian in the year 388, however, Augustine and a few Christian friends founded at Thagaste a lay community. They became cenobites in

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Early Christian ascetics have left no confirmed archaeological traces and only hints in the written record. Communities of virgins who had consecrated themselves to Christ are found at least as far back as the 2nd century. There were also individual ascetics, known as the "devout", who usually lived

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From a secular point of view, a monastery was an industrial community in which almost every kind of trade was practised. This, of course, involved much buying and selling, so the monks had ships of their own on the Nile, which conveyed their agricultural produce and manufactured goods to the market

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Medieval monastic life consisted of prayer, reading, and manual labor. Prayer was a monk's first priority. Apart from prayer, monks performed a variety of tasks, such as preparing medicine, lettering, reading, and others. Also, these monks would work in the gardens and on the land. They might also

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The Irish rule was rigorous. It was more or less a copy of the French rule, as the French was a copy of the Thebaid. The daily routine of monastic life was prayer, study, and manual labor. With regard to food, the rule was very strict. Only one meal a day, at 3 o'clock p.m., was allowed, except on

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Women's communities were normally much smaller and poorer. The nuns had to do everything themselves unless they had a couple of tenant-farmers to supply food, or pious who made donations. They spun and wove, kept their huts clean, milked their cows, and made their own meals, which could be meager.

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began his monastic career at a monastery in Palestine and Egypt around 385 to study monastic practice there. In Egypt, he had been attracted to the isolated life of hermits, which he considered the highest form of monasticism, yet the monasteries he founded were all organized monastic communities.

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worn by some Roman Catholic orders, but it is finely embroidered with the Cross and instruments of the Passion (see illustration, above). The Klobuk worn by a Schema monk is also embroidered with a red cross and other symbols. the Klobuk may be shaped differently, more rounded at the top, in which

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which helped scientists figure out how people in the Middle Ages treated certain diseases, such as scurvy; because of the vitamin C in watercress, patients would eat it to stop their teeth from falling out. The same archeological group discovered hemlock, a known pain killer, in the drains of the

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Irish monks needed to learn Latin, the language of the Church. Thus they read Latin texts, both spiritual and secular, with an enthusiasm that their contemporaries on the continent lacked. Subjects taught included Latin, Greek, Hebrew, grammar, rhetoric, poetry, arithmetic, chronology, the Holy

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was a collection of buildings surrounded by a wall. The monks were distributed in houses, each house containing about forty monks. There would be thirty to forty houses in a monastery. There was an abbot over each monastery and provosts with subordinate officials over each house. The monks were

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Irish monasticism maintained the model of a monastic community while, like John Cassian, marking the contemplative life of the hermit as the highest form of monasticism. Saints' lives frequently tell of monks (and abbots) departing some distance from the monastery to live in isolation from the

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Another option for becoming a solitary monastic was to become an anchoress/anchorite. This began because there were persons who wanted to live the solitary lifestyle but were not able to live alone in the wild. Thus, they would go to the bishop for permission who would then perform the rite of

6997:; in exchange the families donated to the monasteries. Few cities lacked both a St Giles house for lepers outside the walls and a Magdalene house for prostitutes and other women of notoriety within the walls, and some orders were favored by monarchs and rich families to keep and educate their 8275:

The monastery is mentioned for the first time in 1197. It belongs to the group of so-called Lüneklöstern (monasteries of Lüne), which became Lutheran convents following the Protestant Reformation. It is currently one of several Lutheran convents maintained by the Monastic Chamber of Hanover

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Buildings would generally have been of wood, wattle, and thatch. Monasteries tended to be cenobitical in that monks lived in separate cells but came together for common prayer, meals, and other functions. Celtic monasticism was characterized by a rigorous asceticism and a love for learning.

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for some time, from a few months to many years, but at Father Arthur's death in 1989 only one permanent resident remained. At the beginning of 2006, there are two permanent professed members and two long-term guests. Strong ties remain with this community and their brothers in Sweden (

1874:'s legalization of Christianity. The subsequent transformation of Christianity into the main Roman religion ended the position of Christians as a minority sect. In response, a new form of dedication was developed. The long-term "martyrdom" of the ascetic replaced the violent physical 1778:,) but worked, ate, and worshipped in shared space. The intention was to bring together individual ascetics who, although pious, did not, like Saint Anthony, have the physical ability or skills to live a solitary existence in the desert. This method of monastic organization is called 8103: 7953: 7858: 2415:

needed to be filled, they would look to nearby monasteries to find suitable candidates, being good sources of men who were spiritually mature and generally possessing the other qualities desired in a bishop. Eventually, among the Eastern Orthodox Churches, it became established by

6583:. It housed several schools for the destitute, a laundry, a printing press, and a soup kitchen. From the 1840s and throughout the following one hundred years, religious orders for both men and women proliferated in the UK and the United States, as well as in various countries of 6919:. Some of the works that the monks copied were by medical writers, and reading and copying these works helped create a store of medical knowledge. Monasteries had infirmaries to treat the monks, travelers, the poor, old, weak and sick. In 2005, archeologists uncovered waste at 1891: 1690:, which means desert. This name was given because of St. Anthony of Egypt, who left civilization behind to live on a solitary Egyptian mountain in the third century. Though he was probably not the first Christian hermit, he is recognized as such as he was the first known one. 3468:

evolved into military orders, initially for the purpose of defending pilgrims, although they later became larger military forces that played a key role in combating Muslim efforts at reconquest and propping up continued Christian rule in the region. These orders included the

2653:). A monk (or nun) may remain in this grade all the rest of his life, if he so chooses. But the Rite of Tonsure for the Rassophore refers to the grade as that of the "Beginner", so it is intended that the monk will advance on to the next level. The Rassophore is also given a 7169:

Corbishley, Mike. Monks lived a very strict and regulated life. Life in a monastery included prayer, manual work, and this promoted the idea of the dignity and labour. Cultural Atlas for Young People The Middle Ages Revised Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2004, page

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in simple vows and a handful of others in formation. The Sisters are trained in strong collaboration with the sister Institutes of the Catholic Church. They say that one of their charisms is ecumenism. The Sisterhood Emmanuel is the only Presbyterian Monastery in Cameroon.

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There are also three levels of monks: The Rassophore, the Stavrophore, and the Schema-Monk (or Schema-Nun). Each of the three degrees represents an increased level of asceticism. In the early days of monasticism, there was only one level—the Great Schema—and even Saint

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Saint Benedict (c. 480 – 547 AD) lived for many years as a hermit in a cave near Subiaco, Italy. He was asked to be head over several monks who wished to change to the monastic style of Pachomius by living in the community. Between the years 530 and 560, he wrote the

8132: 2692:), which is a long cape which completely covers the monk from neck to foot. Among the Russians, Stavrophores are also informally referred to as "mantle monks". At his Tonsure, a Stavrophore is given a wooden hand cross and a lit candle, as well as a prayer rope. 3163:

developed, where confession was made privately to a priest, under the seal of secrecy, and where penance was given privately and ordinarily performed privately as well. Penance was considered therapeutic rather than punitive. Certain handbooks were made, called

3168:", designed as a guide for confessors and as a means of regularising the penance given for each particular sin. According to Thomas Pollock Oakley, the penitential guides first developed in Wales, probably at St. David's, and spread by missions to Ireland. 2403:. However, if the monastery was isolated in the desert, as were many of the Egyptian examples, that inconvenience compelled monasteries either to take in priest members, to have their abbot or other members ordained. A priest-monk is sometimes called a 6874:

style of twelfth-century monasteries. Communal meals, dormitory residences, elaborate rituals and dress all borrow heavily from the monastic tradition. Today monasticism remains an important part of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Anglican faiths.

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might suggest. As more people took on the lives of monks, living alone in the wilderness, they started to come together and model themselves after the original monks nearby. Quickly, the monks formed communities to further their ability to observe an

6770:. Although he was partly inspired by the hope of reviving monasticism in the Protestant tradition, the brotherhood was interdenominational, accepting Roman Catholic brothers, and is thus an ecumenical rather than a specifically Protestant community. 3003:. Here he divided the monks into three groups. The unlettered was assigned to the duty of agriculture, the care of cattle, and the other necessary duties outside the monastery. He assigned 300 to duties within the cloister of the monastery, such as 1746:

While the earliest Desert Fathers lived as hermits, they were rarely completely isolated, but often lived in proximity to one another, and soon loose-knit communities began to form in such places as the Desert of Nitria and the Desert of Skete.

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who defended monastic and ascetic ideas. Jovinian was the most influential opponent of monasticism, he wrote a work in the year 390, which is now lost, which attacked monasticism and its ethical principles. Monasticism was also opposed by some

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spend time in the cloister, a covered colonnade around a courtyard, where they would pray or read. Some monasteries held a scriptorium where monks would write or copy books. When the monks wrote, they used very neat handwriting and would

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have the longest traditions as Lutheran monasteries. Since the 19th century, there has been a renewal in the monastic life among Protestants. There are many present-day Lutherans who practice the monastic teaching of the Catholic Church.

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was an apostle of the British Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late 6th century and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow. Due to anti-Christian sentiment, he re-located for a time to Wales, where he established a monastery at

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life. According to Christianity historian Robert Louis Wilken, "By creating an alternate social structure within the Church they laid the foundations for one of the most enduring Christian institutions..." Monastics generally dwell in a

3222:, and in the case of manuscript decoration had a profound influence on Western medieval art. The manuscripts were produced by and for monasteries, and evidence suggests that metalwork was produced in both monastic and royal workshops. 1600:

as they practiced tonsure, followed a certain diet as a form of fasting, lived consecrated lives and they followed a certain practice concerning hygiene. However, case of Nazirites is usually defined as a form of a historical Jewish

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or the "divine vision" that comes from the union of the soul with God. Such a union is not accomplished by any human activity. All an ascetic can do is prepare the ground; it is for God to cause the seed to grow and bear fruit.

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the children of nobles) committed to the care of the monks but also the children of the village or country district around the monastery, for whom there was usually an external school attached to groups of monastic buildings.

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or "communal". In Catholic theology, this community-based living is considered superior because of the obedience practiced and the accountability offered. The head of a monastery came to be known by the word for "Father"—in

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Sundays and Feast days. Wednesdays and Fridays were fast days, except the interval between Easter and Whit Sunday. The food allowed was barley bread, milk, fish, and eggs. Flesh meat was not allowed except on great feasts.

8276:(Klosterkammer Hannover), an institution of the former Kingdom of Hanover founded by its Prince-Regent, later King George IV of the United Kingdom, in 1818, in order to manage and preserve the estates of Lutheran convents. 7288:, describes Philos Therapeutae as the first Christian monks, identifying their renunciation of property, chastity, fasting, solitary lives with the cenobitic ideal of the Christian monks. Professor Constantine Scouteris, 9453: 3444:

mind the bad weather one evening because it kept the Vikings from coming: "Bitter is the wind tonight, it tosses the ocean's white hair, I need not fear—as on a night of calm sea—the fierce raiders from Lochlann."

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The community of Pachomius was so successful he was called upon to help organize others, and by one count by the time he died in 346 there were thought to be 3,000 such communities dotting Egypt, especially in the

1446:). Christian monastic life does not always involve communal living with like-minded Christians. Christian monasticism has varied greatly in its external forms, but, broadly speaking, it has two main types: (a) the 9028: 6278: 3417:), which was written somewhere south of Rome around 500, and defined the activities of the monastery, its officers, and their responsibilities. By the ninth century, largely under the inspiration of the Emperor 6714:, for example, live in intentional communities with their big houses having "ground floors for common work, meals and worship, the two-storey attics with small rooms, like monastic cells, for married couples". 3447:

In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the growing pressure of monarchies and the nation-states undermined the wealth and power of the orders. Monasticism continued to play a role in Catholicism, but after the

2167:, and other anonymous compilers were also responsible for setting down very influential accounts. Also of great importance are the writings surrounding the communities founded by Saint Pachomius, the father of 5995: 9656: 1596:, who both lived alone in the desert, and above all from the story of Jesus' time in solitary struggle with Satan in the desert, before his public ministry. Another monastic precedent in Bible would be 6726:, who are also known as the "Shaking Quakers", have been characterized as a "Protestant monastic order providing refuge and otherworldly compensation". They practice a celibate and communal lifestyle, 3056:

on a promontory on the western sea, well placed to be a centre of Insular Christianity. His establishment became known for its austerity and holiness, more than as a centre of learning, although when

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but then journeyed to Egypt to visit the eremitic groups in Nitria. Many years later, Cassian founded a monastery of monks and probably also one of nuns near Marseilles. He wrote two long works, the

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of Egyptian monachism widely and many were found in Italy to imitate the example thus set forth. The first Italian monks aimed at reproducing exactly what was done in Egypt and not a few—such as

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The earliest monastic settlements in Ireland emerged at the end of the fifth century. It was from Illtud and his colleagues that the Irish sought guidance on matters of ritual and discipline.

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is a Lutheran Benedictine community for women. In 2011, an Augustinian religious order, the Priestly Society of St. Augustine (Societas Sacerdotalis Sancti Augustini) was established by the

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While the Celtic monasteries had a stronger connection to the semi-eremitical tradition of Egypt via Lérins and Tours, Benedict and his followers were more influenced by the cenobitism of St

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were pensioned off and retired or some were forced to either flee for the continent or to abandon their vocations. For around 300 years, there were no monastic communities within any of the

9566: 1755:, founded in 338. These monks were anchorites, following the monastic ideal of St. Anthony. They lived by themselves, gathering together for common worship on Saturdays and Sundays only. 6734:, which they institutionalized in their society in the 1780s. They are also known for their simple living, architecture, and furniture. Sincere newcomers are invited to become Shakers: 6607:. Like Roman Catholic religious, Anglican religious also take the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Religious communities live together under a common rule, reciting the 2696: 13809: 13646: 5096: 7319: 6743:

Currently, there are two remaining Shakers, Brother Arnold Hadd and Sister June Carpenter, though they hope that others will join them at the only remaining Shaker community, the

6206:, founded in 1244 and originally called Hermits of Saint Damiano, or Moronites (or Murronites). Became known as Celestines after their founder was elected Pope and took the name 1989:. They pray privately for most of the week, then come together on Sundays and Feast Days for communal prayer, thus combining aspects of both eremitic and coenobitic monasticism. 15905: 12826: 9708: 6739:

whether to allow the novice in, but it takes another four years to be granted full Shaker status in sharing in the colony’s finances and administrative and worship decisions.

1720:(252–356) lived as a hermit in the desert and gradually gained followers who lived as hermits nearby but not in actual community with him. This type of monasticism is called 3092:

Many early medieval settlements in the region were occupied by hermitage chapels which are often dedicated to St Michael as the conventional slayer of pagan demons, as at

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The basic idea of monasticism in all its varieties is seclusion or withdrawal from the world or society. Monastic life is distinct from the "religious orders" such as the

9465: 9255: 3281:. Appearing first in Ireland and subsequently in Scotland, attached to cathedral or collegiate churches, they lived in monastic fashion though not taking monastic vows. 3184:, which became one of the most important centers of learning and religious life in Ireland. Contrary to common practice, the title of abbot – which included the title " 6402: 5808: 3393:

is the most influential of Western monks and is called "the Father of Western Monasticism". He was educated in Rome but soon sought the life of a hermit in a cave at

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is called the "patriarch of Irish monasticism". A warrior prince of Oriel, upon the death of his betrothed he decided to study for the priesthood. He first joined

3007:, preparing food, and building workshops. The remaining monks, who were lettered, he appointed to the celebration of divine service in church by day and by night. 7292: 2739:), a garment shaped like a cross, covering the shoulders and coming down to the knees (or lower) in front and in back. This garment is roughly reminiscent of the 8882: 5507: 2900:, one for men, one for women. In time these attracted a total of 5,000 monks and nuns. Most significant for the future development of monasticism were Cassian's 1588:

followed lifestyles that could be seen as precursors to Christian monasticism. Early Christian monasticism drew its inspiration from the examples of the Prophet

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was established in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. In 2023, the Order of Lutheran Franciscans established its first motherhouse in Houston, Texas.

6261:: the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary, an order of women. Members of the order are also known as the Visitation Sisters. The Order was founded in 1610 by 5497: 18452: 17255: 14736: 9611: 5502: 3513:. Monastic communities in the West, broadly speaking, are organized into orders and congregations guided by a particular religious rule, most commonly the 2615:

argued against the establishment of intermediate grades, but nonetheless the consensus of the church has favored the development of three distinct levels.

18588: 13834: 9858: 9333: 8980: 3045:. Samson founded a monastery in an abandoned Roman fort near the river Severn and lived for a time the life of a hermit in a nearby cave before going to 6755:

Christian monasticism is experiencing renewal in the form of several new foundations with an 'inter-Christian' vision for their respective communities.

1770:, sometime around 323 AD, Pachomius decided to mold his disciples into a more organized community in which the monks lived in individual huts or rooms ( 12366: 11846: 9572: 8932: 6281:, who practice Carthusian spirituality and were founded in consequence of the influence on a small group of French pilgrims of the promulgation of the 1867: 15169: 14301: 12741: 9718: 7639:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311–600 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 7614:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311–600 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4681: 4633: 4530: 3636: 1684:

Eremitic monasticism, or solitary monasticism, is characterized by a complete withdrawal from society. The word 'eremitic' comes from the Greek word

2723:

is much more common among the Greeks than it is among the Russians, for whom it is normally reserved to hermits, or to very advanced monastics. The

1851:. In these books, he not only transmitted his Egyptian experience but also gave Christian monasticism a profound evangelical and theological basis. 1430:

Both ways of living out the Christian life are regulated by the respective church law of those Christian denominations that recognize it (e.g., the

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Among the various obediences was copying books. St Pachomius considered that an obedience fulfilled with zeal was greater than fasting or prayer.

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One may hear Orthodox monks referred to as "Basilian Monks", but this is really an inappropriate application of western categories to Orthodoxy.

7563: 3343:. One of Columbanus's followers founded the monastery of St. Gall on the shores of Lake Constance, while Columbanus continued onward across the 18101: 15915: 15662: 9476: 7594: 5706: 3335:. After Childebert's death Columbanus traveled east to Metz, where Theudebert II allowed him to establish a new monastery among the semi-pagan 3152:

bishops who conferred orders and discharged the other functions of a bishop. The abbot was superior of the house, and all were subject to him.

6441:, religious life for women had been established already in 1954, when Sister Marianne Nordström made her profession through contacts with The 3172:

community. Irish monastic rules specify a stern life of prayer and discipline in which prayer, poverty, and obedience are the central themes.

17723: 16846: 15474: 15014: 14801: 13804: 13141: 12126: 11853: 10429: 10348: 9191: 9179: 6544: 5039: 4460: 3371:. The rule of St. Columbanus, which was originally followed in most of these monasteries, was eventually superseded by that of St. Benedict. 1243: 8003:"Grattan-Flood, William. "St. Finnian of Moville." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 19 Jul. 2013" 18178: 16182: 13684: 11805: 8551: 8474: 8063: 6990: 6958:

The consequence of this centralisation of knowledge was that they initially controlled both public administration and education, where the

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and brought back what the monasteries required. From the spiritual point of view, the Pachomian monk was a religious living under a rule.

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When a candidate wishes to embrace the monastic life, he will enter the monastery of his choice as a guest and ask to be received by the

17: 17679: 16219: 15323: 15009: 14038: 13941: 12781: 12080: 10404: 9303: 5978: 5589: 3367:. From about 698 until the reign of Charlemagne in the 770s, the Hiberno-Scottish efforts in the Frankish Empire were continued by the 6395: 1256: 17230: 15525: 14974: 14836: 13754: 9745: 9703: 9010: 7749: 7051: 6478:

Preacher Order (the "Poor Priests") to promote his views, many of which resounded with those held by the later Protestant Reformers.

4080: 3538: 1508: 1093: 87: 2972:, Ireland, was a double monastery, with both men and women, supervised by an Abbess, a pattern found in other monastic foundations. 2566: 2367: 2067: 18692: 17182: 17134: 16691: 16641: 15948: 15561: 13349: 12534: 9795: 9772: 9760: 5526: 5521: 5255: 5250: 5235: 5020: 4995: 4959: 4278: 2467:, a great renaissance of monasticism has occurred, and many previously empty or destroyed monastic communities have been reopened. 6220:(born Giovanni Tolomei) along with two of his friends from the noble families of Siena, Patrizio Patrizi and Ambrogio Piccolomini. 2538: 2339: 2039: 15953: 14921: 14015: 11798: 9851: 9713: 7856:

Addleshaw, George William Outram. "The Pastoral Structure of the Celtic Church in Northern Britain", Borthwick Publications, 1973

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were also developed in monasteries. Even today many monasteries and convents are locally renowned for their cooking specialties.

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worn by Eastern Orthodox monastics is the same for both monks and nuns, except that the nuns wear an additional veil, called an

17112: 17102: 16866: 16798: 16666: 15910: 15818: 15549: 15469: 15417: 15215: 13249: 13244: 12228: 12170: 9693: 9661: 9578: 9508: 8868: 8500: 8316: 5078: 4244: 4054: 3590: 3160: 2519: 2320: 2020: 8196: 7919:"Thurston, Herbert. "Welsh Church." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 19 Nov. 2013" 7826:

McGonigle, Thomas C., McGonigle, Thomas D., and Quigley, James F., "A History of the Christian Tradition", Paulist Press, 1988

7220:"Huddleston, Gilbert. "Monasticism." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 31 May 2013" 2482:, Hesychasm, and the pursuit of the spiritual life are strongly encouraged not only among monastics but also among the laity. 1698: 18056: 17691: 15427: 15162: 14953: 14901: 13533: 10397: 9338: 9167: 8794: 8611: 8412: 7674: 7198: 5675: 5294: 4970: 4917: 4060: 2545: 2346: 2046: 1018: 329: 6801:, cloister, and has an international network of associated laypeople. It is not affiliated with any particular congregation. 3046: 17816: 16204: 14891: 14627: 13145: 13080: 12038: 11934: 9528: 9368: 9315: 9022: 6193: 3704: 2251:, an actual "monastic republic" wherein the entire country is devoted to bringing souls closer to God. In this milieu, the 1342: 247: 2669: 18512: 18487: 18427: 17854: 16399: 14931: 14761: 13669: 13416: 12900: 12798: 12685: 9481: 7418: 7223: 6249: 5015: 4940: 2247:

Empire, numerous great monasteries were established by the emperors, including the twenty "sovereign monasteries" on the

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and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to Christian worship. It began to develop early in the history of the

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Some more austere ascetics became hermits living in remote locations in what came to be called the "green martyrdom".

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The Desert a City: An Introduction to the Study of Egyptian and Palestinian Monasticism Under the Christian Empire

8154:"'The Work of Angels', Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork", (Susan Youngs, ed.) London: British Museum Press. 1989, 3188:

of Saint Ciarán" – at the community was not hereditary, which reflected the humble origins of its founder. In 557

2534: 2335: 2035: 18106: 17251: 17149: 17117: 16499: 16229: 15968: 15925: 15808: 15798: 15608: 15571: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15210: 15096: 14438: 14413: 14378: 14373: 14338: 14218: 13817: 13701: 13291: 13254: 13137: 13117: 13073: 12336: 12260: 11880: 11858: 11467: 10730: 10448: 10202: 9503: 9432: 9350: 9232: 9155: 9004: 8920: 8125: 7089:—the award-winning documentary of life within the Carthusian monsastery of La Grande Chartreuse by Philip Groning 6981:

The status of monks as apart from secular life (at least theoretically) also served a social function. Dethroned

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Christians "retained many elements of the monastic understanding of a 'holy life' that followed true faith". The

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in Scotland, where he was ordained. About 484 he established the first Irish monastery at Killeaney on Aran Mor.

2228:(c.600), a work of such importance that many Orthodox monasteries to this day read it publicly either during the 1008: 349: 887: 18682: 18667: 18472: 18412: 18384: 18143: 17943: 17192: 17107: 16813: 16781: 16608: 16527: 15958: 15728: 15644: 15535: 15034: 14746: 14433: 14403: 14383: 14323: 14113: 13829: 13367: 13359: 13271: 13132: 13112: 12575: 12194: 11841: 11833: 11821: 11392: 10443: 9426: 9403: 9143: 9079: 8292: 6744: 6482: 6427: 6376: 5988: 5210: 3781: 3774: 3506: 3453: 3176:

Places, hymns, sermons, natural science, history and especially the interpretation of Sacred Scripture. In 544

2523: 2324: 2209: 2024: 1534: 1482:, a book of monastic writings. Their manner of self-renunciation has three elements corresponding to the three 1143: 16910: 8661: 7440: 6152:, stresses manual labor in a self-sufficient monastery. They are an order of independent monastic communities. 3517:. Eastern Orthodoxy does not have a system of orders per se, though some of the Eastern Catholic Churches do. 2399:

Christian monasticism was and continued to be a lay condition—monks depended on a local parish church for the

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spent the first part of his religious life as a disciple of Cadoc at Llancarfan. He founded the monastery at

1949: 1898:

In the early church, there were also opponents of Monasticism, among the first opponents to Monasticism were

1354: 766: 97: 11508: 630: 17755: 16832: 15992: 14989: 14960: 14943: 14851: 14463: 14428: 14418: 13996: 13977: 13839: 13590: 13503: 12910: 12429: 12419: 11875: 10467: 10358: 9634: 9605: 9589: 9497: 9486: 9386: 9267: 5838: 5466: 4927: 4511: 4429: 2622:(Abbot). After a period of at least three days the Hegumen may at his discretion clothe the candidate as a 1954:

Orthodox monasticism does not have religious orders as in the West, so there are no formal Monastic Rules (

1229: 36: 10271: 6423: 3317:. Abbots of Iona were normally appointed from the founders kin, with an abbot often naming his successor. 18568: 17826: 17607: 17469: 16356: 16002: 15987: 15973: 15880: 15870: 15360: 14999: 13749: 13617: 13486: 12875: 12245: 12018: 11367: 10266: 10126: 10049: 9740: 9628: 9594: 9543: 8786:

Injustice Made Legal: Deuteronomic Law and the Plight of Widows, Strangers, and Orphans in Ancient Israel

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came to be recorded and circulated, first among their fellow monastics and then among the laity as well.

1298: 1113: 500: 8357: 8237:"The beginnings of the Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno" 18563: 18553: 18517: 18359: 18261: 17936: 17898: 17385: 16007: 15875: 15679: 14916: 14714: 14368: 14020: 13986: 13945: 12884: 11909: 11518: 11457: 10420: 9902: 9538: 9513: 9443: 9397: 9344: 9309: 9279: 9226: 8604:

Saints and Sinners in Early Christian Ireland: Moral Theology in the Lives of Saints Brigit and Columba

6139: 6017: 5893: 5537: 4893: 4858: 4786: 4046: 3918: 3799: 3529: 1173: 1123: 482: 11281: 11261: 6186:, the Order of Cîteaux, sometimes referred to as the Order of Saint Bernard, founded in 1098 by Saint 2673: 823: 18286: 18049: 17979: 17969: 17931: 17686: 17496: 17464: 17418: 17395: 16786: 16269: 15733: 15623: 15106: 15052: 14723: 14673: 14363: 14318: 13426: 12943: 12645: 11956: 9970: 9927: 9922: 9777: 9688: 9438: 9273: 9120: 8336: 7980: 7284: 7244:

Macdonald, Fiona. How would you survive in the Middle Ages?. New York: Franklin Watts, 1995, page 37.

6826:

In traditional Catholic societies, monastic communities often took charge of social services such as

6567:

founded the Anglican Sisters of Charity and became the first woman to take religious vows within the

6075: 5766: 4701: 4592: 4444: 3962: 1982: 1879: 1870:

attribute the rise of monasticism at this time to the immense changes in the church brought about by

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and sent to a monastery so that they could not claim the crown back. Monasteries became a place for

3177: 2847:, who after serving in the Roman legions converted to Christianity and established a hermitage near 1966:

and emulate their virtues. There is also no division between the "active" and "contemplative" life.

1609:

instead of being a direct precedent of monastic orders because of the historical context concerning

18537: 17959: 17864: 17859: 17674: 17639: 17565: 17521: 17516: 17313: 17139: 16984: 16881: 16876: 16808: 16776: 16671: 16351: 16164: 15657: 15593: 15136: 15072: 14994: 14965: 14585: 14580: 14458: 14358: 14343: 14328: 14170: 13991: 13881: 13799: 13623: 13600: 13551: 13224: 12776: 12351: 11868: 11432: 10625: 10517: 10460: 9944: 9672: 9554: 9549: 9471: 9321: 9250: 9051: 7812:

Hughes, Kathleen. "The Distribution of Irish Scriptoria and Centres of Learning from 730 to 1111",

6529: 6465: 6415: 5720: 5608: 4748: 4741: 4736: 4586: 4366: 3478: 2685: 2559: 2360: 2060: 897: 406: 401: 292: 233: 16192: 6942: 6810: 2840:)—actually went to live in Egypt or Palestine as being better suited to monastic life than Italy. 2808: 2626:. There is no formal ceremony for the clothing of a novice; he (or she) would simply be given the 1325:

that have forms of monastic living. Those living the monastic life are known by the generic terms

1188: 18241: 18211: 17644: 17378: 17283: 17172: 17122: 16979: 16896: 16871: 16079: 16019: 15895: 15777: 15576: 15178: 15057: 14689: 14650: 14617: 14063: 14043: 13911: 13789: 13739: 13518: 13319: 13259: 12394: 12250: 11977: 11543: 11487: 11407: 10803: 10237: 10116: 9533: 9285: 9016: 8926: 8217:

Rowling, Marjorie. Everyday Life in Medieval Times. London: Jarrold and Sons Ltd., 1968, page 114

7179:

Rowling, Marjorie. Everyday Life in Medieval Times. London: Jarrold and Sons Ltd, 1968, page 125.

6782: 6679: 6667: 6655: 6243: 5818: 5680: 5646: 5472: 4774: 4416: 3816: 3804: 3739: 3669: 3611: 3477:. In large part, the notion of military monasticism became so popular because of the advocacy of 3053: 2870: 2860: 2512: 2313: 2221: 2155: 2013: 1974: 1871: 1659: 1633: 1545: 1435: 1108: 1088: 1078: 902: 828: 195: 8547: 8055: 7564:""Venerable Pachomius the Great, Founder of Coenobitic Monasticism", Orthodox Church in America" 6858:) felt inspired by the common life of monks to apply it to the whole society (an example is the 4075: 3328: 2274:, an experienced Athonite monk, defended Eastern Orthodox spirituality against the critiques of 18598: 18354: 18128: 17964: 17555: 17413: 17355: 17246: 17225: 16990: 16739: 16626: 16244: 15865: 15786: 15762: 15194: 15126: 15067: 15062: 14696: 14502: 14423: 14348: 14228: 13906: 13794: 13734: 13411: 13299: 12865: 12751: 12464: 11628: 11593: 11427: 11046: 10547: 10338: 10221: 9958: 9640: 9391: 9203: 7698:

Both Mount Sinai and Mount Athos are referred to as "the Holy Mountain" in Orthodox literature,

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Monasticism continues to be very influential in the Eastern Orthodox Church. According to the

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In other Lutheran traditions "The Congregation of the Servants of Christ" was established at

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is the first Christian historically known to have been living as a monk. In the 3rd century,

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The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 11 February 2015

8087:, eds. John T. McNeil and Helena M. Gamer (New York, Columbia University Press, 1938), p. 28 5603: 1367:

Christian monks did not live in monasteries at first; rather, they began by living alone as

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or the Order of Our Lady of Mount Olivet, a branch of the Benedictines, founded in 1313 by

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which he wears in church and on formal occasions. In addition, Rassophores will be given a

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Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal

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Monasteries also aided in the development of agricultural techniques. The requirement of

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were confiscated and either retained by the King, sold to landowners, or given to loyal

3485:. These orders largely declined with the loss of Outremer in the 1200s - except for the 2772:. All ascetic practices and monastic humility is guided towards preparing the heart for 18687: 18626: 18462: 18437: 18339: 18216: 18168: 18163: 18153: 18091: 17888: 17834: 17745: 17735: 17526: 17441: 17390: 17000: 16696: 16446: 16376: 16293: 16281: 16258: 16054: 15828: 15669: 15613: 15603: 15405: 15189: 15044: 14861: 13719: 13711: 13454: 13155: 13122: 13054: 12831: 12600: 12524: 12492: 12311: 12280: 12117: 12105: 11966: 11904: 11779: 11719: 11331: 11271: 11241: 11156: 11151: 11020: 10916: 10813: 10793: 10753: 10695: 10660: 10655: 10499: 10378: 10317: 9917: 9887: 9825: 9651: 9103: 9033: 8826: 8478: 8192: 7085: 7069: 7020:, who was functionally as close to a monastic as his regal responsibilities permitted. 7017: 6982: 6843: 6623: 6568: 6560: 6380: 6364: 6326: 6286: 6101: 5726: 5323: 5270: 5054: 4903: 4898: 4651: 4455: 4355: 4319: 4136: 4022: 3829: 3604: 3410: 3397:, outside the city. He then attracted followers with whom he founded the monastery of 3390: 3137: 3125: 2984:, a Briton probably from the area south of the Firth of Clyde, dedicated his church at 1820: 1407:

Nun profession ceremony for a new nun, admitted to the cloister (behind the half door).

1215: 1068: 805: 795: 785: 738: 703: 698: 651: 381: 72: 67: 15767: 12620: 11513: 11171: 11072: 6767: 6575:. In October 1850 the first building specifically built for the purpose of housing an 715: 18622: 18364: 18334: 18324: 18314: 18231: 18221: 18206: 18073: 17925: 17804: 17710: 17634: 17533: 17506: 17425: 17373: 17323: 17082: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17030: 17020: 16969: 16621: 16540: 16535: 16489: 16429: 16298: 16094: 15479: 15400: 15338: 15004: 14240: 13565: 13445: 13212: 13168: 13000: 12905: 12680: 12666: 12640: 12625: 12529: 12514: 12444: 12434: 12303: 12235: 12136: 12100: 11996: 11709: 11694: 11583: 11447: 11387: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11232: 11201: 11181: 11067: 11025: 11005: 10921: 10881: 10856: 10745: 10715: 10665: 10650: 10159: 9965: 9523: 9448: 9409: 9161: 8790: 8769: 8626: 8607: 8450: 8439: 8392: 8155: 8139: 8110: 8034: 7960: 7865: 7835: 7797: 7775: 7670: 7194: 7107: 7002: 6619: 6604: 6532: 6525: 6521: 6410: 6187: 6046: 5903: 5898: 5868: 5753: 5639: 5371: 5102: 5088: 4987: 4866: 4822: 4716: 4617: 4612: 4569: 4524: 4289: 4185: 4002: 3869: 3625: 3581: 3429: 3141: 3104: 2965: 2833: 2821: 2463:

remaining the spiritual center of monasticism for the Eastern Orthodox Church. Since

2432: 2408: 2179: 2175: 2100: 1911: 1748: 1729: 1469: 1455: 1302: 1073: 949: 835: 790: 720: 661: 644: 555: 529: 509: 391: 376: 266: 261: 92: 16484: 11528: 11437: 11266: 11256: 10333: 8742: 8313: 7772:

The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church

6834:. The legacy of monasteries outside remains an important current in modern society. 1286: 872: 18583: 18532: 18527: 18467: 18432: 18344: 18301: 18271: 18193: 18111: 18081: 17669: 17511: 17486: 17065: 17025: 16381: 16321: 15709: 15694: 15395: 15375: 15370: 15353: 15333: 14866: 14640: 14602: 14560: 14488: 14483: 14450: 14257: 14190: 14153: 14148: 14128: 14123: 14048: 13901: 13891: 13851: 13382: 13200: 13183: 12890: 12695: 12675: 12595: 12580: 12479: 12381: 12255: 12095: 12053: 12048: 12028: 12011: 11924: 11618: 11613: 11538: 11523: 11503: 11291: 11216: 11077: 10961: 10946: 10926: 10871: 10851: 10838: 10783: 10675: 10507: 10078: 10034: 10012: 9939: 9867: 9729: 9491: 9454:

Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

6947: 6798: 6675: 6406: 6217: 6177: 6052: 6032: 5983: 5956: 5940: 5873: 5299: 4607: 4579: 4238: 4231: 3957: 3811: 3648: 3597: 3574: 3294: 2677: 2259: 2244: 1717: 1693: 1593: 1495: 1310: 1290: 1208: 892: 840: 602: 524: 514: 344: 223: 138: 14106: 11734: 11623: 11362: 11161: 6887:

In the Middle Ages, monasteries conserved and copied ancient manuscripts in their

5461: 4404: 1158: 862: 710: 18593: 18507: 18477: 18201: 18118: 17878: 17784: 17575: 17273: 16754: 16656: 16594: 16336: 16287: 15833: 15488: 15101: 14984: 14841: 14806: 14612: 14607: 14532: 14527: 14468: 14393: 14143: 14073: 13605: 13546: 13096: 12948: 12915: 12859: 12853: 12710: 12615: 12519: 12331: 11825: 11790: 11744: 11633: 11568: 11558: 11482: 11377: 11372: 11276: 11251: 11082: 11062: 11035: 11030: 11000: 10941: 10685: 10512: 10151: 10007: 9871: 9723: 9291: 8992: 8763: 8534: 8364: 8320: 8136: 8107: 7957: 7890: 7862: 7832: 7719: 7598: 7551: 7296: 7102: 6971: 6786: 6608: 6513: 6372: 6350: 6322: 6082: 6059: 6037: 5930: 5920: 5433: 5428: 5115: 4871: 4271: 4121: 4033: 3789: 3494: 3470: 3196: 3030: 2886: 2856: 2844: 2792: 2752: 2700: 2478:

monastic saints are an important part of the liturgical tradition of the church.

2440: 2281: 2267: 2229: 2171:, and his disciple Saint Theodore, the founder of the skete form of monasticism. 2140: 1784: 1713: 1663: 1439: 1431: 1262: 1198: 1138: 932: 689: 616: 611: 411: 396: 133: 11176: 9029:

Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno

8860: 8574: 8441:

The Sacred in a Secular Age: Toward Revision in the Scientific Study of Religion

6528:), there was felt to be a need for a restoration of the monastic life. Anglican 2878: 1943: 954: 18497: 18442: 18396: 18349: 18329: 18173: 18096: 17874: 17774: 17570: 17459: 17405: 17338: 17318: 17077: 16918: 16758: 16744: 16719: 16714: 16505: 16479: 16409: 16224: 16126: 16121: 16104: 16044: 15938: 15885: 15714: 15634: 15483: 15019: 14948: 14796: 14731: 14517: 14507: 14493: 14478: 14158: 14053: 13937: 13916: 13450: 13329: 13304: 13276: 13207: 13011: 12836: 12630: 12605: 12569: 12509: 12502: 12497: 12487: 12341: 12326: 12265: 12141: 12131: 11887: 11573: 11548: 11477: 11417: 11191: 11186: 11166: 11121: 10956: 10951: 10896: 10818: 10798: 10735: 10611: 10472: 10389: 10257: 10029: 10002: 9989: 9951: 9934: 9813: 9466:

Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception

8914: 6384: 6338: 6252:, formally the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, founded in 1604 by Blessed 6239: 6027: 5996:

Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life

5968: 5747: 5599: 5346: 5286: 5230: 5225: 5066: 4439: 4434: 4143: 4085: 3932: 3881: 3822: 3662: 3486: 3394: 3383: 3237: 3219: 3133: 2183: 2120: 2116: 1667: 1650:

An early form of "proto-monasticism" appeared as well in the 3rd century among

1420: 1416: 986: 877: 371: 364: 12204: 11658: 8810: 8702: 7493: 7316:""Early Christian Monasticism", Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance" 6859: 6759: 3313:, which was founded by Aidan, an Irish monk from Iona, at the request of King 18661: 18256: 17799: 17730: 17580: 17288: 16928: 16923: 16661: 16598: 16587: 16474: 16361: 16264: 16252: 16116: 16089: 16029: 15508: 15328: 14911: 14871: 14756: 14678: 14663: 14512: 14473: 14279: 14163: 13960: 13629: 13344: 12895: 12821: 12787: 12771: 12731: 12414: 12389: 12165: 12075: 12060: 11982: 11754: 11724: 11653: 11346: 11301: 11040: 11010: 10911: 10891: 10876: 10768: 10758: 10645: 10558: 10353: 10295: 10063: 9374: 9045: 8722: 8682: 8640: 8527: 8002: 7918: 7883: 7712: 7519: 7467: 7411:"Bacchus, Francis Joseph. "Eastern Monasticism Before Chalcedon (A.D. 451)". 7410: 7372: 7361: 7349: 7219: 6994: 6952: 6471: 6342: 6170:, a branch of the Benedictines, founded c. 1038 by Saint Gualberto Visdomini. 6167: 6149: 5935: 5925: 5908: 5780: 5693: 5170: 5149: 5072: 4922: 4761: 3925: 3655: 3510: 3490: 3398: 3379: 3332: 3211: 3117: 3042: 3034: 2825: 2800: 2225: 1824: 1459: 1294: 1193: 1048: 1043: 976: 909: 560: 550: 545: 491: 176: 9657:

Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)

6766:, founded a small religious brotherhood in France which became known as the 6642:

Around 1964, Reuben Archer Torrey III, an Episcopal missionary, grandson of

18422: 18319: 18123: 17612: 17560: 17491: 17481: 17162: 17094: 16959: 16855: 16686: 16616: 16494: 16303: 16274: 16141: 15838: 15581: 15540: 14886: 14821: 14751: 14741: 14668: 14568: 14537: 14313: 14262: 14030: 13972: 13869: 13640: 13557: 13513: 13508: 13498: 13309: 13236: 13005: 12880: 12736: 12700: 12439: 12361: 12205: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11929: 11739: 11678: 11588: 11397: 11057: 10861: 10700: 10640: 9380: 9297: 9108: 9068: 8944: 8938: 8128:

English Penitential Discipline and Anglo-Saxon Law in Their Joint Influence

7254: 6920: 6904: 6863: 6360: 6334: 6314: 6294: 6258: 6229: 6223: 5878: 5787: 5397: 5160: 5122: 5060: 4796: 4696: 4396: 4171: 3711: 3302: 3181: 3121: 3113: 2892: 2843:

The earliest phases of monasticism in Western Europe involved figures like

2769: 2475: 2271: 1836: 1832: 1759: 1706: 991: 937: 421: 208: 15147: 11663: 11452: 9980: 7544: 1959: 1625: 1613:

and the importance of private rituals concerning vow making in historical

1403: 18573: 18276: 18183: 18065: 17914: 17664: 17627: 17476: 17328: 17303: 17200: 16326: 16187: 16158: 16099: 16074: 16069: 15933: 15848: 15742: 15723: 15432: 15082: 14938: 14811: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14766: 14068: 14003: 13859: 13784: 13762: 13610: 13372: 13334: 12806: 12635: 12610: 12585: 12558: 12545: 12454: 12356: 12043: 11673: 11643: 11608: 11603: 11578: 11563: 11533: 11131: 11126: 11103: 10995: 10990: 10971: 10936: 10846: 10635: 10312: 10098: 9809: 9616: 9362: 8998: 8968: 8962: 8854: 8226:

Christiansen, Eric. The Northern Crusades. London: Penguin Books. pg. 75.

7884:

Chandlery, Peter. "Welsh Monastic Foundations." The Catholic Encyclopedia

7097: 6888: 6855: 6207: 6183: 6173: 6161: 6145: 5741: 5418: 5408: 4883: 4466: 3910: 3897: 3418: 3356: 3340: 3310: 3278: 3203: 3165: 3057: 2995: 2922: 2874: 2855:

where a community gathered around his hermitage. He was called to become

2748:. The skufia worn by a Schema monk is also more intricately embroidered. 2658: 2460: 2248: 2213: 2160: 1907: 1585: 1451: 1443: 971: 966: 961: 519: 8236: 7150: 6164:, a branch of the Benedictines, founded c.1000 Saint Romuald of Ravenna. 2262:

between East and West grew, conflict arose over misunderstandings about

1468:'s amen to "be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect" ( 18148: 18034: 17762: 17501: 17298: 16954: 16886: 16706: 16456: 16404: 16209: 16039: 15684: 15513: 15457: 15452: 14776: 14771: 14595: 14522: 14138: 14058: 13689: 12590: 12175: 11759: 11136: 11052: 10720: 10580: 10024: 9173: 9132: 9114: 8956: 8950: 8815: 7046: 6963: 6916: 6851: 6831: 6707: 6703: 6536: 6203: 5963: 5579: 5456: 5413: 5391: 5339: 5332: 5044: 4976: 4876: 4410: 3888: 3320: 3306: 3215: 3129: 3019: 2897: 2829: 2804: 2757: 2641:

After a period of about three years, the Hegumen may at his discretion

2526: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2400: 2327: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2252: 2237: 2149: 2104: 2027: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1977:, there exist three types of monasticism: eremitic, cenobitic, and the 1610: 1478: 1368: 1282: 1203: 1118: 800: 621: 339: 279: 145: 6242:, formally the Order of the Immaculate Conception, founded in 1484 by 2598: 2174:

Among the first to set forth precepts for the monastic life was Saint

1293:, modeled upon scriptural examples and ideals, including those in the 18457: 18226: 17919: 17767: 17602: 17592: 17585: 17543: 17538: 17333: 17293: 16701: 16651: 16577: 16572: 16346: 16331: 16059: 16049: 15752: 15738: 15462: 14881: 14876: 14846: 14542: 14305: 14289: 14274: 14118: 14008: 13886: 13876: 13744: 13523: 11295: 10981: 10575: 10305: 10290: 10283: 10093: 10044: 9789: 9062: 8838: 8820: 7713:

Huddleston, Gilbert. "Western Monasticism." The Catholic Encyclopedia

7119: 7113: 6835: 6827: 6711: 6612: 6490: 6354: 6330: 6272: 6213: 5516: 5376: 4888: 4690: 4505: 4386: 4266: 4223: 4065: 3875: 3425: 3000: 2765: 2695: 2474:, all Bishops must be monks (not merely celibate), and feast days to 2456: 2417: 2404: 2263: 2233: 1967: 1899: 1875: 1384: 1318: 927: 588: 583: 239: 201: 150: 9567:

Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God

8288: 6781:

Additional expressions of ecumenical monasticism can be seen in the

2764:

The central and unifying feature of Eastern Orthodox monasticism is

2501: 2302: 2002: 1666:

as a founding monastic legislator, as well to as the example of the

1552:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 18492: 18369: 18246: 17308: 17177: 16545: 16424: 16064: 15843: 15757: 15503: 15493: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15121: 15029: 14856: 13955: 13324: 13049: 12404: 12158: 12146: 11774: 11195: 10773: 10725: 10630: 10620: 10590: 10570: 10534: 10373: 10225: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10068: 9820: 8909: 8816:

Directory of Contemplative Women's Monasteries in the United States

8387:

Redekop, Calvin Wall; Krahn, Victor A.; Steiner, Samuel J. (1994).

7905:

A History of the Welsh Church to the Dissolution of the Monasteries

6967: 6912: 6867: 6819: 6727: 6580: 6517: 6506: 6494: 6155: 6096: 5386: 5165: 4391: 4198: 3482: 3465: 3348: 3336: 3290: 3266: 3254: 2985: 2852: 2740: 2428: 2424: 2168: 1920: 1903: 1597: 1491: 1268: 448: 416: 228: 13065: 8843: 7893:

Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 18 December 2015

7722:

Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 18 December 2015

7545:"Monasticism", Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, Nassau, Bahamas 6978:

are examples of the practical application of quadrivium subjects.

6866:

have also attempted to emulate Christian monasticism. Even in the

5097:

Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law

3421:, Benedict's Rule became the basic guide for Western monasticism. 2672:

and the words, "I bear upon my body the marks of the Lord Jesus" (

18133: 18008: 17617: 17597: 17454: 17343: 16582: 16512: 16172: 16136: 14826: 13664: 13538: 13481: 12661: 12275: 11897: 11227: 11116: 10966: 10705: 10680: 10595: 10523: 10477: 10343: 10073: 9261: 8832: 8811:

Directory of Contemplative Men's Monasteries in the United States

8413:"Learning from the Bruderhof: An Intentional Christian Community" 7031: 6986: 6932: 6839: 6723: 6636: 6596: 6475: 6391: 6310: 6233: 6197: 5700: 5033: 4805: 4791: 4574: 4536: 4498: 4070: 3970: 3732: 3352: 3324: 3298: 3274: 3262: 3231: 3185: 3081: 2969: 2930: 2642: 2634: 2619: 2479: 2448: 2412: 2145: 1986: 1816: 1763: 1614: 1581: 1487: 1392: 1379: 1053: 256: 102: 8058:

Early Irish History and Antiquities and the History of West Cork

7415:. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 31 May 2013" 6970:. Christian monks cultivated the arts as a way of praising God. 6176:, also known as the Order of Saint Bruno, founded 1084 by Saint 16824: 15598: 15518: 15385: 14979: 14284: 14269: 14213: 14180: 12827:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

12270: 12180: 12085: 10808: 10690: 10585: 10300: 10278: 10216: 10141: 10088: 9892: 9709:

Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

7074: 7057: 6998: 6899: 6628: 6592: 6584: 6540: 6446: 6438: 6346: 6298: 5000: 3402: 3364: 3258: 3073: 3038: 3026: 2981: 2926: 2918: 2882: 2817: 2796: 2731:

wears the same habit as the Rassophore, but to it is added the

2654: 2623: 2603: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2187: 2164: 1963: 1931: 1915: 1894:

Jovinian was the most influential early opponent of monasticism

1752: 1679: 1589: 1447: 386: 334: 8848: 2768:, the practice of silence, and the concentrated saying of the 1981:. The skete is a very small community, often of two or three ( 1970:

monastic life embraces both active and contemplative aspects.

17550: 17010: 16949: 16906: 16146: 15077: 14245: 14209: 10247: 10212: 10058: 7238: 7013: 6647: 6552: 6394:

Lutheran pastor Walter Hümmer and his wife Hanna founded the

6180:. Open to both sexes; combines eremitical and cenobitic life. 3500: 3360: 3270: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3015: 2864: 2848: 2217: 2208:

Of great importance to the development of monasticism is the

1978: 1890: 1828: 1792: 1775: 1767: 1702: 1685: 1465: 1412: 1372: 1359: 1347: 7193:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 100. 3144:

and Mochae of Noendrum, before he too went to Candida Casa.

2649:

monk, giving him the outer garment called the Rassa (Greek:

2193:

Saint Basil wrote a series of guides for monastic life (the

14250: 13969: 10778: 10252: 10164: 9866: 8099:

The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300

6993:

to live in celibacy so that the family inheritance went to

6928: 6632: 6588: 6548: 6498: 6445:

and Mother Margaret Cope (1886–1961) at St Hilda's Priory,

4646: 3344: 2989: 2278:, and left numerous important works on the spiritual life. 1629: 1606: 1330: 1326: 8332: 7191:

The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity

6793:

In 1999 an independent Protestant order was founded named

6301:, soon after the event, and the Monastic Brothers in 1976. 6158:, a branch of the Benedictines, at its height c.950-c.1130 2676:). The Paramand is so-called because it is worn under the 12716:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

6556: 6547:. From then forward, there have been many communities of 6502: 6317:

has been a Lutheran monastery since the 16th century A.D.

2877:

aristocrat, who after a pilgrimage to Egypt, founded the

1602: 1297:. It has come to be regulated by religious rules (e. g., 7746:""Celtic Monasteries", Orthodox Christian Contact Wales" 7433: 1762:

established the first cenobitic Christian monastery. At

1751:

established individual groups of cells such as those at

7977:""Irish Monasticism", Early Christian Sites in Ireland" 5508:

List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church

3464:

In the twelfth century, traditional monastic orders in

3199:

were attracting students from England and from Europe.

3041:

the Wise was also a student at Llanilltyd Fawr, as was

2178:, a man from a professional family who was educated in 16764:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

6236:

community formally known as the Order of Saint Jerome.

5498:

List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church

12747:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

8765:

Private Religious Foundations in the Byzantine Empire

7386: 1819:. From there monasticism quickly spread out first to 9612:

Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

7027: 6481:

Monastic life in England came to an abrupt end with

5503:

List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church

9334:

Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

8981:

Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

8501:"The only two Shakers left live in Maine community" 8386: 7255:""Early Monasticism", Monastery of the Holy Spirit" 7008:The monasteries also provided refuge to those like 6646:, founded Jesus Abbey as a missionary community in 6279:

Monastic Brothers and Monastic Sisters of Bethlehem

2904:, which provided a guide for monastic life and his 11820: 9573:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 8438: 7511: 2881:in 410, on an island lying off the modern city of 9719:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 8890: 7131: 6789:movement arising from Protestant Evangelicalism. 6686:is a dispersed religious order within Methodism. 6287:Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven 4531:Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis 3637:Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis 3440:and decorate the first letter of each paragraph. 3363:and Milan, where he established the monastery of 3359:granted Columbanus land in the mountains between 18659: 12817:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 10419: 9736:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods 9623:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament 8380: 5194:Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church 3250: "Spouses of God") were members of ascetic 2782: 1926: 9584:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 8468: 8466: 6797:. The community maintains several monks in its 3505:Many distinct monastic orders developed within 2126:Among these earliest recorded accounts was the 9477:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception 6325:, some monasteries in Lutheran lands (such as 5707:Beatification and canonization process in 1914 2896:About 415 he established two monasteries near 1863:as a guideline for monks living in community. 18050: 17724:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 17423: 16840: 15163: 13081: 11806: 10405: 9852: 8876: 7795:, (William M. Johnston, ed.), Routledge, 2013 6545:Church of St Mary and St Nicholas, Littlemore 6226:, founded in 1344 by Saint Bridget of Sweden. 6119: 3301:and his followers established monasteries at 2933:were leading figures in 6th-century Britain. 1237: 8463: 8050: 8048: 8046: 7879: 7877: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7733:The Sources for the Early History of Ireland 7214: 7212: 7210: 6674:. It is a Methodist-Benedictine residential 6409:, in 1958 when some other men joined Father 4110:Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite 3386:by Herman Nieg, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria 3064:of St David's. Contemporary with David were 3060:sought a scholar for his court, he summoned 2859:in 372, where he established a monastery at 15177: 9699:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary 9600:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima 9216:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word 8625:(3rd ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education. 8430: 8391:. University Press of America. p. 15. 8030:The Gateway to the Middle Ages: Monasticism 7816:, (N. Chdwick et sl, eds.), Cambridge, 1958 7608: 7606: 7459: 5575:Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura 3309:, an island north-west of Scotland, and at 3305:, on the northeastern coast of Ireland, at 3284: 2459:, and elsewhere in the Orthodox world, the 1855:the countryside rather than in the desert. 1458:may be called the founder of the first and 18057: 18043: 16847: 16833: 15170: 15156: 15010:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 13088: 13074: 12832:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 12782:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 11813: 11799: 10412: 10398: 9859: 9845: 9304:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 8883: 8869: 8445:. University of California Press. p. 7708: 7706: 7704: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7110:—a French Protestant fraternity of Hermits 6717: 6126: 6112: 5979:Canonical erection of a house of religious 5590:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 3501:Western Christian orders in the modern era 3374: 3289:Irish monasticism spread widely, first to 1398: 1387:, whether they live there in a community ( 1244: 1230: 8833:Anglican religious orders and communities 8656:. ACW 10. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press. 8043: 7907:, Chapter III, Elliot Stock, London, 1895 7874: 7844: 7819: 7784: 7662: 7587: 7585: 7486: 7207: 7189:Wilken, Robert Louis (27 November 2012). 7116:—an early example of a monastic organizer 7052:Chronology of early Christian monasticism 6750: 4081:Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful 3409:, adapting in part the earlier anonymous 3195:By the end of the seventh century, Irish 2992:, Ninian evangelized the southern Picts. 2908:, a collection of spiritual reflections. 2586:Learn how and when to remove this message 2387:Learn how and when to remove this message 2148:Lausus, to whom it was addressed). Saint 2087:Learn how and when to remove this message 1992: 1568:Learn how and when to remove this message 1509:Chronology of early Christian monasticism 1094:A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation 18064: 9773:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls 9761:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart 9180:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux 8743:"Mendicant Orders in the Medieval World" 8620: 8472: 8389:Anabaptist/Mennonite Faith and Economics 8130:, p.28, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2003 7942: 7940: 7603: 6898: 6809: 6689: 6357:) adopted the Lutheran Christian faith. 6309: 5021:Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts 3378: 3103: 2791: 2694: 2597: 2461:Autonomous Monastic State of Mount Athos 2280: 1930: 1889: 1735: 1692: 1624: 1402: 1255: 16588:Fostering of early experimental science 9714:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 8782: 8572: 8528:Turner, William. "Carolingian Schools." 8436: 8021: 7995: 7701: 7398: 7392: 7247: 6931:for the Mass led to the development of 6396:Communität Christusbruderschaft Selbitz 6297:. The Monastic Sisters were founded in 4117:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 3128:is said to have studied under Cadoc at 3037:, a key figure in Cornish monasticism. 2707:The highest rank of monasticism is the 2492:Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism 2423:Monastic centers thrive to this day in 1673: 1184:Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii 14: 18660: 16692:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 13469: 11413:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 9662:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy 9629:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 9579:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart 9509:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 8823:– Christian Perspective on Monasticism 8761: 8639: 8601: 8199:from the original on 24 September 2010 8164: 8119: 7896: 7582: 7322:from the original on 29 September 2015 7310: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7188: 6383:. This movement is largely considered 6148:, founded in 529 by Saint Benedict at 6022: 4055:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 3591:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 3120:at Emly, before traveling to Ninian's 2950: 1938:worn by Eastern Orthodox Schema-Monks. 1636:, the founder of Christian monasticism 18038: 16828: 15151: 13069: 11794: 10393: 9840: 9168:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament 8864: 8651: 8575:"The medical world of medieval monks" 8498: 8333:"Priorat St. Wigberti: Unser Kloster" 8295:from the original on 3 September 2011 8243:from the original on 16 November 2022 8009:from the original on 22 December 2015 7969: 7937: 7925:from the original on 22 December 2015 7752:from the original on 22 December 2015 7538: 6661: 6459: 6275:, a Cistercian reform, begun c. 1664. 5676:Congregation for the Causes of Saints 4971:Delegata potestas non potest delegari 4918:Association of the Christian faithful 4061:Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII 3493:where it took up a major role in the 2988:to St. Martin of Tours. According to 2959: 2911: 1620: 1513: 9704:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception 9694:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana 9529:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb 9524:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary 9316:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales 9256:Marians of the Immaculate Conception 9139:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius 9023:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo 8768:. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. 8182:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 8032:, University of Michigan Press, 1988 6795:The Knights of Prayer Monastic Order 5834:Journals and Professional Societies 5566:(tribunals & ministers/parties) 3520: 3452:many monasteries in Northern Europe 3331:and, sponsored by the Frankish King 2524:adding citations to reliable sources 2495: 2325:adding citations to reliable sources 2296: 2025:adding citations to reliable sources 1996: 1517: 18642: 18087:Decline of the Western Roman Empire 13095: 12686:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 9482:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary 8835:Anglican information on monasticism 8720: 8654:St. Athanasius: The Life of Anthony 8499:Gibbs, Constance (4 January 2017). 8339:from the original on 27 August 2011 8265:. Medieval Histories. 8 August 2014 7814:Studies in the Early British Church 7556: 7517: 7301: 6935:, as shown in the discovery of the 6618:In the early 20th century when the 6543:in the 1840s while he was vicar of 2602:Orthodox monks farming potatoes in 1476:, can be seen, for example, in the 1472:5:48). This ideal, also called the 24: 18179:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire 12241:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 9756:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace 9381:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus 9078: 8680: 8554:from the original on 9 August 2009 7465: 7148: 7093:List of monastic houses in England 6535:established a community of men at 6305: 6232:, founded in Spain in 1364, by an 4658:Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures 3489:, which transferred itself to the 3459: 3159:In Ireland, a distinctive form of 25: 18704: 18609:Historiography in the Middle Ages 9784:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament 9460:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa 8804: 8747:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 8376:Priestly Society of St. Augustine 7524:The Catholic Encyclopaedia Vol. 8 7472:The Catholic Encyclopaedia Vol. 1 6672:Saint Brigid of Kildare Monastery 3246: 3192:founded a monastery at Clonfert. 2485: 1962:is encouraged to read all of the 1732:who was born in England in 1342. 1699:Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral 1580:First-century groups such as the 1154:The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima 1099:From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart 27:A Christian religious way of life 18641: 18632: 18631: 18621: 18019: 18018: 18007: 17135:State church of the Roman Empire 16854: 15132: 15131: 15120: 15088:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 14636:Criticism of the Catholic Church 13048: 13036: 12367:Fourth Council of Constantinople 12322:Second Council of Constantinople 11773: 10372: 9979: 9819: 9668:Sisters of the Cross and Passion 9647:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament 9328:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 9210:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal 8975:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion 8749:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art 8727:The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 8 8687:The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 1 8606:. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. 8170:D'Alton, Edward Alfred (1908). " 7663:Robertson, J. M. (15 May 2018). 7261:from the original on 5 July 2013 7030: 6870:, universities are built in the 6805: 6579:was consecrated at Abbeymere in 6489:. The property and lands of the 6375:and Mother Martyria founded the 6269:in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France. 6254:Maria Vittoria De Fornari Strata 6095: 5055:Resignation of the Roman Pontiff 4308:Approbation (Catholic canon law) 3761:Collectiones canonum Dionysianae 3528: 2500: 2420:that all bishops must be monks. 2301: 2001: 1944:Monk § Eastern Christianity 1914:. Most of them were attacked by 1642:Christian monasticism before 451 1522: 1169:On the Consolation of Philosophy 1149:Calls from the Message of Fatima 51: 18693:History of Catholic monasticism 18107:Christianity in the Middle Ages 18102:Decline of Hellenistic religion 17118:First seven ecumenical councils 13255:First seven ecumenical councils 12337:Third Council of Constantinople 12261:First Council of Constantinople 10731:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 9767:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres 9504:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus 9351:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales 9156:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini 9005:Institute of the Incarnate Word 8729:. Robert Appleton Company, 1910 8573:Elliott, Jane (6 August 2005). 8566: 8540: 8521: 8492: 8405: 8369: 8351: 8325: 8307: 8281: 8255: 8229: 8220: 8211: 8185: 8148: 8101:, Mercer University Press, 1995 8090: 8078: 8066:from the original on 6 May 2014 7911: 7806: 7764: 7738: 7725: 7692: 7683: 7666:A Short History of Christianity 7656: 7631: 7570:from the original on 1 May 2021 7421:from the original on 7 May 2021 7377: 7366: 7355: 7343: 7334: 7226:from the original on 6 May 2021 7016:in his late years, and his son 6775:Order of Ecumenical Franciscans 6682:. Besides monastic orders, the 5246:Incardination and excardination 4909:Types of membership of Opus Dei 4642:Supreme authority of the Church 4262:Impediment (Catholic canon law) 3768:Collectio canonum quadripartita 3438:draw illustrations in the books 2511:needs additional citations for 2312:needs additional citations for 2012:needs additional citations for 1835:and eventually the rest of the 18385:Crisis of the late Middle Ages 17985:Relations with other religions 17391:Church of the East (Nestorian) 17386:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 16551:Separation of church and state 16220:Formal and material principles 16205:Separation of church and state 13830:Separation of church and state 12576:Dissolution of the monasteries 11842:History of the Catholic Church 10444:History of the Catholic Church 9427:Adorers of the Blood of Christ 9404:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 8839:American Benedictine monastics 8473:Williams, Kevin (3 May 2015). 7273: 7182: 7173: 7163: 7142: 7132:Notes, references, and sources 6745:Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village 6483:Dissolution of the Monasteries 6428:Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church 6377:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary 5803:Legal practice and scholarship 5712:Election of the Roman Pontiff 5538:Lifetime of prayer and penance 4494:Canonical form (Latin Church) 3782:Collectio canonum Wigorniensis 3775:Collectio canonum Quesnelliana 1464:The monastic life is based on 1281:is a religious way of life of 224:Stages of Christian perfection 13: 1: 18559:Disability in the Middle Ages 18232:Rise of the Republic of Genoa 18164:Rise of the Venetian Republic 16215:Hymnody of continental Europe 15366:Apostles in the New Testament 12450:Fourth Council of the Lateran 12425:Second Council of the Lateran 12034:Apostles in the New Testament 11093:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 10490:History of Christian theology 9519:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters 9127:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy 8892:Catholic religious institutes 8851:– Benedictine lay monasticism 8827:Eastern Christian Monasticism 8668:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc 8085:Medieval Handbooks of Penance 7447:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc 7136: 7010:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 6698: 6650:. It has some links with the 6454:Order of Lutheran Franciscans 6267:Saint Jane Frances de Chantal 6002:Institute of consecrated life 3978:Apostolicae Sedis moderationi 3947: 3851: 3755:Collections of ancient canons 3717: 3401:around 520, between Rome and 2783:Western Christian monasticism 2159:set the pattern for monastic 1985:), under the direction of an 1950:Eastern Christian monasticism 1927:Eastern Christian monasticism 1885: 12564:Catholic Counter-Reformation 12430:Third Council of the Lateran 12420:First Council of the Lateran 11876:Catholic ecumenical councils 10421:History of Catholic theology 10359:List of religious institutes 9678:Sisters of the Good Shepherd 9635:Religious of the Virgin Mary 9606:Order of Our Lady of Charity 9590:Oblate Sisters of Providence 9487:Faithful Companions of Jesus 9268:Society of Mary (Marianists) 9083:Coat of arms of Vatican City 8437:Hammond, Phillip E. (1985). 7061:—the early Welsh monasteries 6878: 6516:began to advocate restoring 6321:After the foundation of the 6200:in 1225 by Blessed Eusebius. 5839:Canon Law Society of America 5732:Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI 5467:Censure (Catholic canon law) 5295:Associations of the faithful 5280:Juridic and physical persons 4928:Quinquennial visit ad limina 4284:Nullity of Sacred Ordination 2863:on the opposite bank of the 2787: 2744:case it is referred to as a 2465:the fall of the Iron Curtain 1686: 1373: 1360: 1348: 1317:) and, in modern times, the 7: 17692:Views on poverty and wealth 15663:Eastern Orthodox opposition 9741:Sisters of the Sacred Heart 9595:Oblates of Jesus the Priest 9544:Living the Gospel Community 8783:Bennett, Harold V. (2002). 8662:"Idiorrhythmic Monasticism" 8475:"A few good Shakers wanted" 7793:Encyclopedia of Monasticism 7156:Online Etymology Dictionary 7023: 6894: 6850:, to monastic orders. Many 6443:Order of the Holy Paraclete 5974:Manifestation of Conscience 5809:List of legal abbreviations 5189:Person (Catholic canon law) 4339:Internal and external forum 3817:Lay investiture controversy 3740:The Apostolic Constitutions 3087: 2975: 2210:Saint Catherine's Monastery 1548:the claims made and adding 1299:the Rule of Saint Augustine 1144:Fatima in Lucia's Own Words 1114:The Ladder of Divine Ascent 18:Monasticism in Christianity 10: 18709: 18360:Rise of the Ottoman Empire 17937:World Evangelical Alliance 17899:Traditionalist Catholicism 15680:Art patronage of Julius II 15127:Catholic Church portal 11910:History of the Roman Curia 11519:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 11509:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange 10794:Transubstantiation dispute 9539:Little Sisters of the Poor 9444:Basilian Chouerite Sisters 9398:Servants of Jesus and Mary 9345:Oblates of the Virgin Mary 9339:Oblates of Mary Immaculate 9310:Missionaries of La Salette 9280:Society of the Divine Word 9262:Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 9150:Christian Brothers (Irish) 8647:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 8595: 8548:"Historymedrend.about.com" 8028:Duckett, Eleanor Shipley. 7441:"Idiorrythmic Monasticism" 6846:, who sparked much of the 6838:compared the closeted and 6520:faith and practice to the 6463: 6387:or Lutheran in its roots. 6140:Religious order (Catholic) 6137: 5917:Modern & Contemporary 5580:Tribunal of the Roman Rota 5251:Laicization (dispensation) 5040:Obreption & subreption 4953:Canonically crowned images 4638:, and canonical structures 3800:Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals 3297:, then to Gaul and Italy. 3229: 3225: 3099: 3033:. One of his students was 2719:). Attaining the level of 2670:Instruments of the Passion 2489: 2292: 1947: 1941: 1739: 1677: 1639: 1506: 1502: 1353: 1341: 1174:The Mirror of Simple Souls 1124:Revelations of Divine Love 18617: 18546: 18405: 18300: 18287:Mongol invasion of Europe 18192: 18072: 18002: 17952: 17932:World Council of Churches 17907: 17825: 17709: 17700: 17655: 17440: 17424: 17419:Latter Day Saint movement 17404: 17364: 17264: 17245: 17191: 17148: 17093: 16999: 16978: 16937: 16905: 16862: 16772: 16607: 16526: 16455: 16390: 16312: 16243: 16183:Calvinist–Arminian debate 16157: 15924: 15807: 15643: 15534: 15416: 15314: 15203: 15185: 15115: 15053:Aid to the Church in Need 15043: 14900: 14713: 14674:Vatican Television Center 14649: 14559: 14449: 14319:Eastern Catholic Churches 14300: 14189: 14082: 14029: 13954: 13925: 13850: 13775: 13710: 13655: 13574: 13444: 13358: 13290: 13235: 13154: 13131: 13103: 13031: 12931: 12797: 12724: 12659: 12646:European wars of religion 12543: 12478: 12380: 12302: 12193: 12116: 11976: 11965: 11957:Eastern Catholic Churches 11832: 11768: 11687: 11496: 11355: 11225: 11101: 10980: 10837: 10744: 10604: 10498: 10436: 10427: 10367: 10326: 10188: 10150: 10107: 10043: 9988: 9977: 9971:Society of apostolic life 9878: 9804: 9778:Sisters of Social Service 9689:Sisters of the Holy Cross 9439:Basilian Aleppian Sisters 9419: 9274:Society of Mary (Marists) 9090: 9076: 8898: 8689:. Robert Appleton Company 8681:Butler, Edward Cuthbert. 8363:11 September 2011 at the 8358:Communität Casteller Ring 8289:"Saint Augustine's House" 7669:. BoD – Books on Demand. 7526:. Robert Appleton Company 7474:. Robert Appleton Company 7466:Butler, Edward Cuthbert. 7413:The Catholic Encyclopedia 6424:Communität Casteller Ring 6076:Society of apostolic life 5767:Romano Pontifici eligendo 5241:Clerics and public office 5138:Temporal goods (property) 4708:Local particular churches 4702:Eastern Catholic Churches 4593:Ratum sed non consummatum 3456:and their assets seized. 3218:, and metalwork like the 2703:wearing the Great Schema. 2107:and beyond, the sayings ( 1958:); rather, each monk and 1179:Sister Catherine Treatise 1020:Reflection on the New Age 459:Symeon the New Theologian 183:Invoking of Mystic Saints 17960:Anti-Christian sentiment 17140:Christian biblical canon 16672:Christian existentialism 14995:Communion and Liberation 14459:Eastern Catholic liturgy 13624:Mystici Corporis Christi 13552:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 12777:Mary of the Divine Heart 12400:Clash against the empire 12352:Second Council of Nicaea 12246:Old St. Peter's Basilica 11433:Matthias Joseph Scheeben 10626:Athanasius of Alexandria 10518:First Epistle of Clement 9746:Sisters of Saint Francis 9673:Sisters of the Destitute 9555:Marianites of Holy Cross 9550:Lovers of the Holy Cross 9472:Daughters of Divine Love 9322:Missionaries of the Poor 9251:Little Brothers of Jesus 9162:Immaculate Heart of Mary 9052:Society of the Atonement 8762:Thomas, John P. (1987). 8621:Lawrence, C. H. (2001). 8533:11 February 2015 at the 8135:11 December 2022 at the 8126:Oakley, Thomas Pollock. 8106:11 December 2022 at the 7956:11 December 2022 at the 7861:11 December 2022 at the 7831:11 December 2022 at the 6854:thinkers (starting with 6466:Anglican religious order 6341:) and convents (such as 6289:on November 1, 1950, in 5721:Universi Dominici gregis 4737:Apostolic administration 4587:Matrimonial dispensation 4461:Fast days and abstinence 4367:Sacramentum Poenitentiae 4334:Seal of the Confessional 3479:St. Bernard of Clairvaux 3285:Hiberno-Scottish mission 3010: 1004:Contemporary papal views 898:Mary of the Divine Heart 18242:Investiture Controversy 18212:Second Bulgarian Empire 18014:Christianity portal 17173:Investiture Controversy 15179:History of Christianity 13810:Philosophy of canon law 13740:Mariology of the saints 13320:Investiture Controversy 13043:Vatican City portal 12395:Investiture Controversy 12251:First Council of Nicaea 11544:Dietrich von Hildebrand 11408:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi 11282:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 11262:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 10804:Paulinus II of Aquileia 10799:Predestination disputes 9751:Sisters of Saint Joseph 9534:Little Sisters of Jesus 9286:Society of Saint Edmund 9017:Missionaries of Charity 8707:The Middle Ages Website 8666:Encyclopædia Britannica 7597:12 October 2013 at the 7550:25 October 2013 at the 7498:The Middle Ages Website 7445:Encyclopædia Britannica 7295:25 January 2021 at the 6945:. Several liquors like 6785:and communities of the 6783:Bose Monastic Community 6718:Quakerism and Shakerism 6680:Collegeville, Minnesota 6668:United Methodist Church 6622:was at its height, the 6620:Anglo-Catholic movement 6559:established within the 6244:Saint Beatrice of Silva 5851:Faculties of canon law 5819:Licentiate of Canon Law 5681:Maiorem hac dilectionem 5647:Appeal as from an abuse 5473:De delictis gravioribus 4742:Apostolic administrator 4550:Impediments to Marriage 4417:Indulgentiarum doctrina 3905:Decretals of Gregory IX 3805:Donation of Constantine 3670:Orientalium ecclesiarum 3612:Indulgentiarum Doctrina 3375:Benedictine monasticism 3208:illuminated manuscripts 3180:founded a monastery at 3108:Clonmacnois Round Tower 3005:doing the ordinary work 2871:Honoratus of Marseilles 2535:"Christian monasticism" 2336:"Christian monasticism" 2222:Ladder of Divine Ascent 2156:Saint Anthony the Great 2036:"Christian monasticism" 1975:Eastern Orthodox Church 1634:Saint Anthony the Great 1436:Eastern Orthodox Church 1425:religious congregations 1399:Life for monks and nuns 1352:, 'monk'), itself from 1323:Christian denominations 1109:The Imitation of Christ 1089:Abbey of the Holy Ghost 1079:Book of the First Monks 830:Anne Catherine Emmerich 824:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 62:Theology and philosophy 18599:Post-classical history 18355:Fall of Constantinople 18262:Capet–Plantagenet feud 18129:First Bulgarian Empire 17965:Christian universalism 17356:Western Rite Orthodoxy 17201:Protestant Reformation 16740:Fourth Great Awakening 16627:Second Great Awakening 15866:Fall of Constantinople 15658:Development of primacy 15063:Catholic Charities USA 14697:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 14685:Vatican Polyglot Press 13735:Mariology of the popes 13373:Protestant Reformation 13055:Catholicism portal 12866:Second Vatican Council 12752:Our Lady of La Salette 12559:Protestant Reformation 12546:Protestant Reformation 12465:Second Council of Lyon 11854:Ecclesiastical history 11780:Catholicism portal 11629:Hans Urs von Balthasar 11428:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 11368:Félicité de La Mennais 11047:The Cloud of Unknowing 10548:The Shepherd of Hermas 10379:Catholicism portal 10349:Vocational discernment 10339:Foolishness for Christ 9826:Catholicism portal 9641:Servants of St. Joseph 9204:Discalced Augustinians 9186:Conventual Franciscans 9084: 8921:Augustinian Recollects 8319:13 August 2011 at the 7949:Christian Spirituality 7791:"Celtic Monasticism", 7285:Ecclesiastical History 7065:Consensoria Monachorum 6908: 6823: 6751:Ecumenical expressions 6741: 6666:In February 2001, the 6565:Priscilla Lydia Sellon 6418:) and in Germany the ( 6318: 6263:Saint Francis de Sales 6102:Catholicism portal 6067:Provida Mater Ecclesia 5774:Ingravescentem aetatem 5585:Apostolic Penitentiary 5485:Crimen sollicitationis 5367:Apostolic constitution 5317:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5236:Obligation of celibacy 4780:Moderator of the Curia 4712:Appointment of bishops 4519:Declaration of Nullity 4475:Holy day of obligation 4382:Eucharistic discipline 4351:Apostolic Penitentiary 4326:Paenitentiale Theodori 4303:Episcopal consecrators 4279:Obligation of celibacy 4225:Communicatio in sacris 4204:Holy day of obligation 4151:Scripturarum thesaurus 4130:Sacrosanctum Concilium 4105:General Roman Calendar 3747:Canons of the Apostles 3692:Precepts of the Church 3684:Sacrosanctum concilium 3643:Second Vatican Council 3450:Protestant reformation 3387: 3347:to the kingdom of the 3241: 3109: 2832:and the two Melanias ( 2812: 2704: 2607: 2289: 1993:Historical development 1939: 1895: 1861:Rule of Saint Benedict 1710: 1637: 1423:, and the more recent 1408: 1275: 1164:The Cloud of Unknowing 1064:Dark Night of the Soul 1059:Ascent of Mount Carmel 956:Sister Lúcia of Fátima 944:Alexandrina of Balazar 776:Margaret Mary Alacoque 657:Mechthild of Magdeburg 18683:Christian terminology 18668:Christian monasticism 17623:Anointing of the Sick 16735:Reformed epistemology 16677:Third Great Awakening 16647:Seventh-day Adventist 16568:First Great Awakening 16441:Book of Common Prayer 16235:Protestant work ethic 15778:Independent Catholics 15729:Monastery dissolution 14817:Good Shepherd Sisters 14659:Holy See Press Office 13897:Doctors of the Church 13730:Immaculate Conception 13685:Anointing of the Sick 13220:History of the papacy 12762:First Vatican Council 12460:First Council of Lyon 12224:Constantine the Great 11920:Christian monasticism 11554:Marie-Dominique Chenu 11473:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 11458:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 11342:Clement Mary Hofbauer 11337:Johann Michael Sailer 10764:Maximus the Confessor 10456:History of the papacy 9684:Sisters of Holy Cross 9387:Sacred Heart Brothers 9357:Order of Friars Minor 9245:Legionaries of Christ 9082: 8855:English Monastic Life 8652:Meyer, R. T. (1950). 8176:Catholic Encyclopedia 7592:"Monasticism", Augnet 7080:Intentional community 6902: 6848:Industrial Revolution 6813: 6764:Swiss Reformed Church 6736: 6732:equality of the sexes 6730:, and their model of 6690:Presbyterian Churches 6432:Rule of St. Augustine 6420:Priory of St. Wigbert 6403:St. Augustine's House 6313: 5760:Aeterni Patris Filius 5596:Ministers of Justice 5548:Ecclesiastical prison 5543:Canonical admonitions 5360:Protonotary apostolic 4837:Anglicanorum Coetibus 4670:Conference of bishops 4165:Quattuor abhinc annos 4158:Liturgiam authenticam 3863:Corpus Juris Canonici 3727:Ancient Church Orders 3677:Presbyterorum ordinis 3619:Praedicate evangelium 3405:. He established the 3382: 3351:in Italy. There King 3315:Oswald of Northumbria 3107: 3052:St David established 2809:Francisco de Zurbarán 2795: 2698: 2601: 2284: 2243:At the height of the 2224:was written by Saint 2152:of Alexandria (whose 2136:Bishop of Helenopolis 1934: 1893: 1742:Cenobitic monasticism 1736:Cenobitic monasticism 1696: 1628: 1456:St. Anthony the Abbot 1450:or secluded, (b) the 1432:Roman Catholic Church 1406: 1279:Christian monasticism 1259: 1189:The Vision of Adamnán 1009:Aspects of meditation 83:Catholic spirituality 18678:Christian radicalism 18579:Medieval reenactment 18375:Renaissance Humanism 18282:Medieval Warm Period 18252:Republic of Florence 18066:European Middle Ages 17944:Nondenominationalism 17817:Role in civilization 17284:Independent Catholic 17226:Relations with Islam 17206:Catholic Reformation 16558:Edicts of toleration 16367:Three Forms of Unity 16132:Bohemian Reformation 15705:Catholic Reformation 15562:Roman state religion 15381:Council of Jerusalem 14690:L'Osservatore Romano 14628:Role in civilisation 14354:Croatian and Serbian 14102:Episcopal conference 14064:St. Peter's Basilica 13422:Sexual abuse scandal 13378:Catholic Reformation 12939:Sexual abuse scandal 12848:Mit brennender Sorge 12691:Age of Enlightenment 12470:Bernard of Clairvaux 12347:Byzantine Iconoclasm 12286:Council of Chalcedon 12066:Council of Jerusalem 11935:Role in civilization 11915:Religious institutes 11847:By country or region 11730:Raniero Cantalamessa 11700:Alice von Hildebrand 11649:Edward Schillebeeckx 11327:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 11212:Lawrence of Brindisi 11142:Francisco de Vitoria 10932:Beatrice of Nazareth 10907:Hugh of Saint Victor 10887:Bernard of Clairvaux 10867:Anselm of Canterbury 10829:John Scotus Eriugena 10824:Paschasius Radbertus 10671:Gregory of Nazianzus 10565:Epistle to Diognetus 10122:Liturgy of the Hours 9998:Evangelical counsels 9198:De La Salle Brothers 8987:Discalced Carmelites 8821:"Catholic Hermitage" 8723:"Juliana of Norwich" 8623:Medieval Monasticism 8193:"Middle-ages.org.uk" 7889:8 March 2012 at the 7774:. Macmillan. (2006) 7718:4 March 2016 at the 7520:"Juliana of Norwich" 7280:Eusebius of Caesarea 6656:Evangelical doctrine 6611:and celebrating the 6485:during the reign of 5884:Raymond of Penyafort 5643:(matrimonial causes) 5619:Defender of the Bond 5479:Complicit absolution 5439:Ecclesiastical Latin 5079:Validity and liceity 4948:Canonical coronation 4831:Personal ordinariate 4818:Military ordinariate 4664:College of Cardinals 4545:Defender of the Bond 4361:Complicit absolution 4245:Validity and liceity 4193:Traditionis custodes 4029:Papal judge-delegate 3837:Plenitudo potestatis 3795:Symmachian forgeries 3329:Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil 3202:The achievements of 2613:Theodore the Studite 2520:improve this article 2321:improve this article 2132:Palladius of Galatia 2021:improve this article 1674:Eremitic Monasticism 1656:Sons of the covenant 1484:evangelical counsels 1391:), or in seclusion ( 1364:) meaning 'alone'. 1337:originated from the 1273:Dayton Art Institute 1038:Literature and media 883:Bernadette Soubirous 640:Beatrice of Nazareth 579:Beatrice of Nazareth 444:Bernard of Clairvaux 18292:Kingdom of Portugal 18159:Old Church Slavonic 18144:Anglo-Saxon England 17990:Unlimited atonement 17975:Cultural Christians 17414:Jehovah's Witnesses 17036:Sermon on the Mount 16965:Christian tradition 16892:Lists of Christians 16730:Liberation theology 16637:Jehovah's Witnesses 16470:Radical Reformation 16198:Resistance theories 16085:Christian mysticism 16080:Early Scholasticism 15792:Ecclesial community 15690:Counter-Reformation 15555:Constantinian shift 15025:Neocatechumenal Way 14990:Charismatic Renewal 14704:Annuario Pontificio 14302:Particular churches 13978:Ecumenical councils 13750:Perpetual virginity 13585:Communitas perfecta 13529:Sermon on the Mount 12767:Papal infallibility 12757:Our Lady of Lourdes 12706:Shimabara Rebellion 12550:Counter-Reformation 11705:Carlo Maria Martini 11669:Johann Baptist Metz 11639:Frederick Copleston 11463:Friedrich von Hügel 11423:Joseph Hergenröther 11403:Gaetano Sanseverino 11383:Ignaz von Döllinger 11307:Nicolas Malebranche 11147:Thomas of Villanova 11108:Counter-Reformation 11088:Girolamo Savonarola 10902:Hildegard of Bingen 10711:Cyril of Alexandria 10554:Aristides of Athens 10541:Epistle of Barnabas 10530:Ignatius of Antioch 10468:Ecumenical councils 9898:Religious institute 9040:Servants of Charity 8933:Basilian Chouerites 8602:Ritari, K. (2009). 8314:Östanbäck monastery 8060:, Chapter XI, 1916" 7951:, Orbis Books, 2015 7947:Woods, Richard J., 7125:Rule of St Benedict 7038:Christianity portal 6938:méthode champenoise 6915:stored and studied 6684:Order of Saint Luke 6577:Anglican Sisterhood 6416:Östanbäck Monastery 6008:Religious institute 5894:Johannes Teutonicus 5856:School of Canon Law 5829:Doctor of both laws 5824:Doctor of Canon Law 5661:Vos estis lux mundi 5532:ferendae sententiae 5522:Laicization (penal) 5310:Canonical documents 5266:Canonical provision 5256:Canonical faculties 4960:Computation of time 4769:In persona episcopi 4755:Aeque principaliter 4749:Diocese/Archdiocese 4725:Apostolic vicariate 4682:Particular churches 4632:Supreme authority, 4565:Impediment of crime 4298:Dimissorial letters 4179:Summorum Pontificum 3515:Rule of St Benedict 3407:Rule of St Benedict 3369:Anglo-Saxon mission 2951:Women's communities 2879:Monastery of Lérins 2851:, then moved on to 2715:; Church Slavonic: 2407:. In many cases in 2286:Konstantin Savitsky 2276:Barlaam of Calabria 2138:(also known as the 1804:Pachomian monastery 1474:state of perfection 1315:Rule of St Benedict 1134:Theologia Germanica 1129:The Story of a Soul 1104:The Glories of Mary 1084:The Interior Castle 982:Charles de Foucauld 594:John van Ruysbroeck 454:Hildegard of Bingen 313:(by era or century) 158:Spiritual direction 45:Christian mysticism 18473:In popular culture 18438:Crusading movement 18310:Hundred Years' War 18169:Civitas Schinesghe 18154:Carolingian Empire 18139:Kingdom of Croatia 18092:Barbarian kingdoms 17835:Crusading movement 17103:Ante-Nicene period 16804:Oriental Orthodoxy 16447:King James Version 16259:Ninety-five Theses 16055:Apostolic Brethren 15829:Church of the East 15824:Oriental Orthodoxy 15670:Crusading movement 15190:Early Christianity 14862:Premonstratensians 13245:Ante-Nicene period 13123:Lists of Catholics 12812:Our Lady of Fátima 12601:Ignatius of Loyola 12525:Catherine of Siena 12493:Pope Boniface VIII 12312:Benedict of Nursia 12281:Council of Ephesus 12118:Ante-Nicene period 12071:Split with Judaism 11905:Crusading movement 11720:Alasdair MacIntyre 11599:Nouvelle théologie 11488:Thérèse of Lisieux 11332:Alfonso Muzzarelli 11272:Jean-Jacques Olier 11242:Tommaso Campanella 11157:Francisco de Osuna 11152:Ignatius of Loyola 11021:Catherine of Siena 10917:Robert Grosseteste 10814:Benedict of Aniane 10754:Isidore of Seville 10696:Augustine of Hippo 10661:Cyril of Jerusalem 10656:Hilary of Poitiers 9888:Consecrated virgin 9652:Sisters of Charity 9233:Holy Ghost Fathers 9104:Albertine Brothers 9085: 9034:Premonstratensians 8927:Basilian Aleppians 8844:Community of Jesus 8097:Hinson, E. Glenn. 7770:Corning, Caitlin. 7086:Into Great Silence 7070:Coptic monasticism 7018:Philip II of Spain 6909: 6844:English Dissenters 6824: 6762:, a pastor of the 6662:Methodist Churches 6624:Anglican Communion 6569:Anglican Communion 6563:. In 1848, Mother 6561:Anglican Communion 6512:Shortly after the 6460:Anglican Communion 6430:. It follows the 6381:Darmstadt, Germany 6365:Amelungsborn Abbey 6327:Amelungsborn Abbey 6319: 6291:St. Peter's Square 5727:Papal renunciation 5634:(trial procedure) 5324:Acta Sanctae Sedis 5271:Canonical election 4904:Personal prelature 4899:Pontifical council 4652:College of Bishops 4356:Canon penitentiary 4320:Penitential canons 4137:Mysterii Paschalis 4023:Contractum trinius 3830:Libertas ecclesiae 3605:Ex corde Ecclesiae 3411:Rule of the Master 3391:Benedict of Nursia 3388: 3138:Finnian of Moville 3126:Finnian of Clonard 3110: 3094:St Michael's Mount 2960:Double monasteries 2912:Celtic monasticism 2813: 2735:(Church Slavonic: 2705: 2661:at their tonsure. 2608: 2290: 2099:Even before Saint 1940: 1896: 1724:or "hermit-like". 1711: 1638: 1621:Early Christianity 1615:Israelite religion 1533:possibly contains 1514:Biblical precedent 1409: 1333:(women). The word 1321:of the respective 1276: 1069:Spiritual Canticle 904:Thérèse of Lisieux 888:Conchita de Armida 806:John of St. Samson 796:Charles de Condren 786:Jean-Jacques Olier 739:Catherine of Genoa 705:Francisco de Osuna 699:Ignatius of Loyola 652:Catherine of Siena 382:Arsenius the Great 273:Passive asceticism 18655: 18654: 18564:Basic topics list 18365:Swiss mercenaries 18315:Wars of the Roses 18222:Kingdom of Poland 18207:Holy Roman Empire 18074:Early Middle Ages 18032: 18031: 17998: 17997: 17926:Charta Oecumenica 17436: 17435: 17426:Iglesia ni Cristo 17241: 17240: 17221:French Revolution 17211:Thirty Years' War 17083:Apostolic fathers 17051:Great Commandment 16822: 16821: 16799:Eastern Orthodoxy 16667:Finnish Awakening 16622:Holiness movement 16563:Congregationalism 16522: 16521: 16382:Metrical psalters 15819:Eastern Orthodoxy 15763:Neo-Scholasticism 15470:Canon development 15371:Jewish Christians 15145: 15144: 14555: 14554: 13948: 13771: 13770: 13463: 13440: 13439: 13432:COVID-19 pandemic 13402:French Revolution 13392:Thirty Years' War 13300:Islamic conquests 13213:Apostolic fathers 13148: 13063: 13062: 13023:COVID-19 pandemic 13001:Pope Benedict XVI 12906:Pope John Paul II 12681:Pope Benedict XIV 12667:French Revolution 12651:Thirty Years' War 12641:Robert Bellarmine 12626:John of the Cross 12530:Pope Alexander VI 12515:Council of Vienne 12445:Francis of Assisi 12435:Pope Innocent III 12304:Early Middle Ages 12298: 12297: 12294: 12293: 12236:Arian controversy 12189: 12188: 12137:Apostolic Fathers 11788: 11787: 11715:Gustavo Gutiérrez 11710:Pope Benedict XVI 11695:Pope John Paul II 11594:Josemaría Escrivá 11584:Henri Daniel-Rops 11468:Vladimir Solovyov 11448:Neo-scholasticism 11388:John Henry Newman 11322:Louis de Montfort 11317:Alphonsus Liguori 11312:Giambattista Vico 11247:Pierre de Bérulle 11233:French Revolution 11202:Robert Bellarmine 11182:John of the Cross 11068:Julian of Norwich 11026:Bridget of Sweden 11016:John of Ruusbroec 11006:William of Ockham 10922:Francis of Assisi 10912:Dominic de Guzmán 10882:Decretum Gratiani 10857:Berengar of Tours 10746:Early Middle Ages 10716:Peter Chrysologus 10666:Basil of Caesarea 10651:Ephrem the Syrian 10591:Antipope Novatian 10387: 10386: 10160:Clerical clothing 9966:Secular institute 9834: 9833: 9561:Maryknoll Sisters 9498:Filippini Sisters 9410:Xaverian Brothers 9069:Trinitarian Order 8796:978-0-8028-3909-1 8721:Gardner, Edmund. 8613:978-2-503-53315-5 8263:"Kloster Ebstorf" 8056:"O'Halloran, W., 7676:978-3-7326-7204-2 7518:Gardner, Edmund. 7200:978-0-300-11884-1 7149:Harper, Douglas. 7108:Order of Watchers 7003:arranged marriage 7001:daughters before 6842:societies of the 6605:Roman Catholicism 6533:John Henry Newman 6526:Anglo-Catholicism 6522:Church of England 6411:Arthur Kreinheder 6345:near the town of 6323:Lutheran Churches 6188:Robert of Molesme 6136: 6135: 6047:Secular institute 5904:Burchard of Worms 5899:Geoffrey of Trani 5814:Academic degrees 5754:Papal appointment 5687:Advocatus Diaboli 5640:Dignitas connubii 5089:Apostolic visitor 4988:Taxa Innocentiana 4867:Collegiate church 4618:Petrine privilege 4613:Pauline privilege 4600:Sanatio in radice 4570:Disparity of cult 4525:Dignitas connubii 4512:Banns of marriage 4290:Apostolicae curae 4186:Magnum principium 4011:Code of Canon Law 4003:Ecclesiae Sanctae 3996:Code of Canon Law 3870:Decretum Gratiani 3641:Documents of the 3626:Veritatis gaudium 3582:Magnum principium 3568:Code of Canon Law 3521:Roman Catholicism 3507:Roman Catholicism 3249: 3142:Colman of Dromore 2966:Brigit of Kildare 2964:The monastery of 2938:Thomas O'Loughlin 2596: 2595: 2588: 2570: 2409:Eastern Orthodoxy 2397: 2396: 2389: 2371: 2199:Greater Asketikon 2101:Anthony the Great 2097: 2096: 2089: 2071: 1912:Aerius of Sebaste 1866:Scholars such as 1758:In 346 in Egypt, 1730:Julian of Norwich 1664:Basil of Caesarea 1660:Eastern Orthodoxy 1652:Syriac Christians 1578: 1577: 1570: 1535:original research 1303:Anthony the Great 1254: 1253: 1074:Way of Perfection 1029: 1028: 950:Faustina Kowalska 868:Catherine Labouré 848: 847: 836:Veronica Giuliani 791:Louis de Montfort 781:Pierre de Bérulle 746: 745: 721:John of the Cross 669: 668: 662:Marguerite Porete 646:Bridget of Sweden 556:Julian of Norwich 530:Angela of Foligno 510:Francis of Assisi 492:Dominic de Guzmán 392:Macarius of Egypt 377:Anthony the Great 267:Religious ecstasy 262:Spiritual dryness 189:Active asceticism 93:Mystical theology 16:(Redirected from 18700: 18645: 18644: 18635: 18634: 18625: 18584:Medieval studies 18428:Church and State 18302:Late Middle Ages 18194:High Middle Ages 18112:Christianization 18082:Migration Period 18059: 18052: 18045: 18036: 18035: 18022: 18021: 18012: 18011: 17855:Environmentalism 17805:Church buildings 17707: 17706: 17522:Eastern Orthodox 17517:Eastern Catholic 17429: 17428: 17396:Eastern Catholic 17374:Eastern Orthodox 17262: 17261: 17183:Age of Discovery 17168:East–West Schism 17066:Great Commission 16997: 16996: 16849: 16842: 16835: 16826: 16825: 16241: 16240: 15628:Non-Chalcedonian 15609:Constantinople I 15401:General epistles 15396:Pauline epistles 15376:Paul the Apostle 15354:Great Commission 15172: 15165: 15158: 15149: 15148: 15135: 15134: 15125: 15124: 14867:Redemptoristines 14715:Religious orders 14641:Anti-Catholicism 14591:Church buildings 14451:Catholic liturgy 14191:Consecrated life 14049:Apostolic Palace 14016:Synod of Bishops 13952: 13951: 13928: 13534:Ten Commandments 13467: 13466: 13449: 13350:Age of Discovery 13184:Great Commission 13152: 13151: 13136: 13090: 13083: 13076: 13067: 13066: 13053: 13052: 13041: 13040: 13039: 13018:Patriarch Kirill 12891:Pope John Paul I 12696:Anti-clericalism 12676:Pope Innocent XI 12596:Society of Jesus 12581:Council of Trent 12535:Age of Discovery 12480:Late Middle Ages 12382:High Middle Ages 12372:East–West Schism 12256:Pope Sylvester I 12202: 12201: 12191: 12190: 12101:General epistles 12096:Pauline epistles 12029:John the Baptist 12012:Great Commission 11974: 11973: 11925:Catholic culture 11815: 11808: 11801: 11792: 11791: 11778: 11777: 11619:Emmanuel Mounier 11614:Bernard Lonergan 11539:Georges Bernanos 11524:Jacques Maritain 11504:G. K. Chesterton 11393:Henri Lacordaire 11292:Cornelius Jansen 11287:François Fénelon 11217:Francis de Sales 11207:Francisco Suárez 11078:Nicholas of Cusa 10962:Siger of Brabant 10947:Boetius of Dacia 10927:Anthony of Padua 10872:Joachim of Fiore 10852:Gregory of Narek 10839:High Middle Ages 10784:John of Damascus 10676:Gregory of Nyssa 10414: 10407: 10400: 10391: 10390: 10377: 10376: 10035:Vow of enclosure 9983: 9868:Consecrated life 9861: 9854: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9824: 9823: 9730:Sisters of Mercy 9433:Apostolic Carmel 8885: 8878: 8871: 8862: 8861: 8849:The Lay Monastic 8829:orthodoxinfo.com 8800: 8779: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8657: 8648: 8636: 8617: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8544: 8538: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8470: 8461: 8460: 8444: 8434: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8384: 8378: 8373: 8367: 8355: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8329: 8323: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8272: 8270: 8259: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8233: 8227: 8224: 8218: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8189: 8183: 8168: 8162: 8152: 8146: 8123: 8117: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8052: 8041: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7983:on 13 March 2014 7979:. Archived from 7973: 7967: 7944: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7915: 7909: 7900: 7894: 7881: 7872: 7853: 7842: 7823: 7817: 7810: 7804: 7788: 7782: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7742: 7736: 7735:, New York, 1929 7729: 7723: 7710: 7699: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7610: 7601: 7589: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7560: 7554: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7407: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7381: 7375: 7370: 7364: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7312: 7299: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7251: 7245: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7216: 7205: 7204: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7146: 7040: 7035: 7034: 6983:Visigothic kings 6962:led through the 6903:The hospital at 6802: 6799:Portland, Oregon 6676:double monastery 6652:Episcopal Church 6595:, India and the 6407:Oxford, Michigan 6218:Bernardo Tolomei 6178:Bruno of Cologne 6128: 6121: 6114: 6100: 6099: 6053:Cum Sanctissimus 6033:Mendicant orders 5984:Pontifical right 5957:consecrated life 5941:Edward N. Peters 5656:Penal procedure 5528:Latae sententiae 5300:Consecrated life 4859:Team of priests 4675:Synod of Bishops 4608:Natural marriage 4580:Public propriety 4239:Omnium in mentem 4232:Ex opere operato 3958:Council of Trent 3952: 3949: 3856: 3853: 3812:Gregorian Reform 3722: 3719: 3649:Christus Dominus 3598:Ad tuendam fidem 3575:Omnium in mentem 3547:Canon law of the 3532: 3525: 3524: 3295:Northern England 3248: 3245: 3197:monastic schools 3006: 2645:the novice as a 2591: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2528: 2504: 2496: 2392: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2329: 2305: 2297: 2195:Lesser Asketikon 2092: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2070: 2029: 2005: 1997: 1868:Lester K. Little 1718:Anthony of Egypt 1689: 1594:John the Baptist 1573: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1550:inline citations 1526: 1525: 1518: 1499: 1376: 1363: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1311:Rule of St Basil 1291:Christian Church 1271:(17th century), 1265:Fed by the Raven 1246: 1239: 1232: 1013:Orationis Formas 957: 945: 905: 893:Luisa Piccarreta 841:Francis de Sales 831: 816: 763: 762: 731: 706: 686: 685: 647: 525:Jacopone da Todi 515:Anthony of Padua 479: 478: 352: 351:Pseudo-Dionysius 345:Gregory of Nyssa 319: 318: 315: 314: 251: 242: 218: 211: 204: 55: 32: 31: 21: 18708: 18707: 18703: 18702: 18701: 18699: 18698: 18697: 18658: 18657: 18656: 18651: 18613: 18594:Neo-medievalism 18542: 18478:Itinerant court 18401: 18296: 18217:Georgian Empire 18202:Norman Conquest 18188: 18134:Frankish Empire 18068: 18063: 18033: 18028: 18006: 17994: 17948: 17903: 17821: 17702: 17696: 17651: 17576:One true church 17432: 17400: 17360: 17249: 17237: 17187: 17144: 17089: 17016:in Christianity 17002: 16988: 16982: 16974: 16933: 16909: 16901: 16858: 16853: 16823: 16818: 16768: 16755:Christian right 16657:Oxford Movement 16632:Restorationists 16603: 16518: 16451: 16386: 16337:Presbyterianism 16308: 16288:Book of Concord 16239: 16163: 16161: 16153: 15920: 15810: 15803: 15639: 15538: 15530: 15489:Clement of Rome 15419: 15412: 15316: 15310: 15199: 15181: 15176: 15146: 15141: 15119: 15111: 15090: 15073:Relief Services 15039: 14985:Catholic Action 14975:Military orders 14912:Confraternities 14904:of the faithful 14903: 14896: 14718: 14709: 14645: 14551: 14445: 14304: 14296: 14229:Prior, Prioress 14185: 14078: 14074:Vatican Museums 14025: 13958: 13944: 13940: 13936: 13932: 13927: 13921: 13846: 13800:Social teaching 13767: 13706: 13651: 13606:One true church 13570: 13547:Sixtine Vulgate 13543:Official Bible 13457: 13453: 13448: 13436: 13354: 13286: 13231: 13201:Petrine primacy 13144: 13140: 13135: 13127: 13099: 13097:Catholic Church 13094: 13064: 13059: 13047: 13037: 13035: 13027: 12949:World Youth Day 12927: 12916:World Youth Day 12860:Pacem in terris 12854:Pope John XXIII 12793: 12720: 12711:Edict of Nantes 12669: 12665: 12655: 12621:Teresa of Ávila 12616:Tridentine Mass 12552: 12548: 12539: 12520:Knights Templar 12474: 12376: 12332:Gregorian chant 12290: 12216: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12197: 12185: 12112: 11981: 11969: 11961: 11828: 11826:Catholic Church 11819: 11789: 11784: 11772: 11764: 11745:Jean-Luc Marion 11683: 11634:Marcel Lefebvre 11559:Romano Guardini 11514:Joseph Maréchal 11492: 11483:Maurice Blondel 11378:Antonio Rosmini 11373:Luigi Taparelli 11351: 11277:Louis Thomassin 11252:Pierre Gassendi 11235: 11231: 11221: 11172:Teresa of Ávila 11110: 11106: 11097: 11083:Marsilio Ficino 11073:Thomas à Kempis 11063:Devotio Moderna 11036:Johannes Tauler 11031:Meister Eckhart 11001:Dante Alighieri 10976: 10942:Albertus Magnus 10833: 10740: 10686:John Chrysostom 10614: 10610: 10600: 10513:Clement of Rome 10494: 10432: 10423: 10418: 10388: 10383: 10371: 10363: 10322: 10184: 10146: 10103: 10047: 10039: 9984: 9975: 9874: 9872:Catholic Church 9865: 9835: 9830: 9818: 9800: 9724:Sisters of Life 9415: 9369:Pauline Fathers 9292:Marist Brothers 9086: 9074: 9058:TOR Franciscans 8902: 8900: 8894: 8889: 8807: 8797: 8776: 8752: 8750: 8741: 8732: 8730: 8711: 8709: 8701: 8692: 8690: 8671: 8669: 8660: 8633: 8614: 8598: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8555: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8535:Wayback Machine 8526: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8497: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8435: 8431: 8421: 8419: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8399: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8370: 8365:Wayback Machine 8356: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8321:Wayback Machine 8312: 8308: 8298: 8296: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8244: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8225: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8169: 8165: 8153: 8149: 8137:Wayback Machine 8124: 8120: 8108:Wayback Machine 8095: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8054: 8053: 8044: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7958:Wayback Machine 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monastery in 6808: 6792: 6787:New Monasticism 6768:Taizé Community 6753: 6720: 6701: 6692: 6664: 6555:, sisters, and 6514:Oxford Movement 6487:King Henry VIII 6468: 6462: 6422:). In Germany, 6373:Basilea Schlink 6371:In 1947 Mother 6351:Bursfelde Abbey 6308: 6306:Lutheran Church 6142: 6132: 6094: 6089: 6088: 6083:Decretum laudis 6060:Primo Feliciter 6038:Clerics regular 5959: 5948: 5947: 5931:Pietro Gasparri 5921:Eugenio Corecco 5804: 5796: 5795: 5561: 5553: 5552: 5493:Excommunication 5452: 5444: 5443: 5434:Parish register 5333:Censor librorum 5311: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5278: 5184: 5176: 5175: 5139: 5131: 5130: 5116:Treatise on Law 4943: 4933: 4932: 4872:Parish register 4848:Juridic persons 4730:Apostolic vicar 4666: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4624: 4490: 4488:Matrimonial law 4480: 4479: 4272:Defect of birth 4219: 4217:Sacramental law 4209: 4208: 4122:Code of Rubrics 4099: 4091: 4090: 4049: 4039: 4038: 4034:Right of option 3989:(1918-present) 3964:Benedictus Deus 3950: 3854: 3790:Gelasian Decree 3720: 3707: 3697: 3696: 3561: 3549:Catholic Church 3548: 3523: 3503: 3495:Baltic Crusades 3471:Knights Templar 3462: 3460:Military orders 3430:Basil the Great 3415:Regula magistri 3377: 3339:in what is now 3287: 3261:communities of 3234: 3228: 3102: 3090: 3031:Llanilltyd Fawr 3013: 3004: 2978: 2962: 2953: 2914: 2887:Bishop of Arles 2857:Bishop of Tours 2845:Martin of Tours 2790: 2785: 2753:religious habit 2701:Anthony of Kiev 2686:Church Slavonic 2664:The next rank, 2592: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2529: 2527: 2517: 2505: 2494: 2488: 2441:North Macedonia 2393: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2330: 2328: 2318: 2306: 2295: 2268:Gregory Palamas 2230:Divine Services 2176:Basil the Great 2141:Lausiac History 2093: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2030: 2028: 2018: 2006: 1995: 1952: 1946: 1929: 1888: 1791:; in English, " 1744: 1738: 1714:Paul the Hermit 1682: 1676: 1644: 1623: 1574: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1539: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1463: 1462:of the second. 1444:Lutheran Church 1440:Anglican Church 1401: 1263:Paul the Hermit 1250: 1221: 1220: 1139:Devotio Moderna 1039: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1017: 1010: 1005: 997: 996: 955: 943: 933:Therese Neumann 923: 915: 914: 903: 858: 850: 849: 829: 814: 760: 748: 747: 729: 716:Teresa of Ávila 704: 683: 671: 670: 645: 617:Johannes Tauler 612:Meister Eckhart 476: 464: 463: 439: 427: 426: 412:John Chrysostom 397:Moses the Black 367: 357: 356: 350: 330:Ancient African 325: 316: 312: 311: 303: 302: 287: 274: 245: 238: 214: 207: 200: 190: 165: 123: 118: 110: 109: 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18706: 18696: 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18653: 18652: 18650: 18649: 18639: 18629: 18618: 18615: 18614: 18612: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18596: 18591: 18589:Misconceptions 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18550: 18548: 18544: 18543: 18541: 18540: 18535: 18530: 18525: 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18415: 18409: 18407: 18403: 18402: 18400: 18399: 18397:Little Ice Age 18394: 18393: 18392: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18350:Western Schism 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18306: 18304: 18298: 18297: 18295: 18294: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18198: 18196: 18190: 18189: 18187: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18166: 18161: 18156: 18151: 18146: 18141: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18115: 18114: 18104: 18099: 18097:Late antiquity 18094: 18089: 18084: 18078: 18076: 18070: 18069: 18062: 18061: 18054: 18047: 18039: 18030: 18029: 18027: 18026: 18016: 18003: 18000: 17999: 17996: 17995: 17993: 17992: 17987: 17982: 17977: 17972: 17967: 17962: 17956: 17954: 17950: 17949: 17947: 17946: 17941: 17940: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17917: 17911: 17909: 17905: 17904: 17902: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17886: 17881: 17872: 17867: 17865:Fundamentalism 17862: 17860:Existentialism 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17831: 17829: 17823: 17822: 17820: 17819: 17814: 17813: 17812: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17771: 17770: 17760: 17759: 17758: 17753: 17751:God the Father 17748: 17743: 17738: 17728: 17727: 17726: 17715: 17713: 17704: 17698: 17697: 17695: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17683: 17682: 17672: 17667: 17661: 17659: 17653: 17652: 17650: 17649: 17648: 17647: 17637: 17632: 17631: 17630: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17590: 17589: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17571:Body of Christ 17568: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17547: 17546: 17536: 17531: 17530: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17473: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17446: 17444: 17438: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17430: 17421: 17416: 17410: 17408: 17406:Restorationist 17402: 17401: 17399: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17382: 17381: 17370: 17368: 17362: 17361: 17359: 17358: 17353: 17352: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17270: 17268: 17259: 17243: 17242: 17239: 17238: 17236: 17235: 17234: 17233: 17223: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17197: 17195: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17154: 17152: 17146: 17145: 17143: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17131: 17130: 17125: 17115: 17110: 17108:Late antiquity 17105: 17099: 17097: 17091: 17090: 17088: 17087: 17086: 17085: 17078:Church fathers 17075: 17070: 17069: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17007: 17005: 16994: 16976: 16975: 16973: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16941: 16939: 16935: 16934: 16932: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16915: 16913: 16903: 16902: 16900: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16863: 16860: 16859: 16852: 16851: 16844: 16837: 16829: 16820: 16819: 16817: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16790: 16789: 16784: 16773: 16770: 16769: 16767: 16766: 16761: 16752: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16720:Pentecostalism 16717: 16715:Jesus movement 16712: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16613: 16611: 16605: 16604: 16602: 16601: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16580: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16554: 16553: 16543: 16538: 16532: 16530: 16524: 16523: 16520: 16519: 16517: 16516: 16509: 16506:Martyrs Mirror 16502: 16497: 16492: 16490:Martyrs' Synod 16487: 16482: 16480:Swiss Brethren 16477: 16472: 16467: 16461: 16459: 16453: 16452: 16450: 16449: 16444: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16396: 16394: 16388: 16387: 16385: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16318: 16316: 16310: 16309: 16307: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16284: 16279: 16278: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16249: 16247: 16238: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16225:Law and Gospel 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16201: 16200: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16169: 16167: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16151: 16150: 16149: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16114: 16113: 16112: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16016: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15980: 15979: 15978: 15977: 15976: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15930: 15928: 15922: 15921: 15919: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15906:Ottoman Empire 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15857: 15856: 15851: 15841: 15836: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15815: 15813: 15805: 15804: 15802: 15801: 15796: 15795: 15794: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15720: 15719: 15718: 15717: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15666: 15665: 15660: 15649: 15647: 15641: 15640: 15638: 15637: 15635:Biblical canon 15632: 15631: 15630: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15590: 15589: 15584: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15558: 15557: 15546: 15544: 15536:Late antiquity 15532: 15531: 15529: 15528: 15523: 15522: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15484:Church Fathers 15477: 15472: 15467: 15466: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15424: 15422: 15414: 15413: 15411: 15410: 15409: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15357: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15326: 15320: 15318: 15312: 15311: 15309: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15207: 15205: 15201: 15200: 15198: 15197: 15192: 15186: 15183: 15182: 15175: 15174: 15167: 15160: 15152: 15143: 15142: 15140: 15139: 15129: 15116: 15113: 15112: 15110: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15091: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15049: 15047: 15041: 15040: 15038: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15020:Legion of Mary 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14971: 14970: 14969: 14968: 14958: 14957: 14956: 14949:Lay Carmelites 14946: 14936: 14935: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14908: 14906: 14898: 14897: 14895: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14797:Conceptionists 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14732:Assumptionists 14728: 14726: 14711: 14710: 14708: 14707: 14700: 14693: 14686: 14683: 14682: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14661: 14655: 14653: 14647: 14646: 14644: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14599: 14598: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14577: 14576: 14565: 14563: 14557: 14556: 14553: 14552: 14550: 14549: 14548: 14547: 14546: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14500: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14466: 14455: 14453: 14447: 14446: 14444: 14443: 14442: 14441: 14436: 14434:Syro-Malankara 14431: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14384:Italo-Albanian 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14326: 14316: 14310: 14308: 14298: 14297: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14272: 14267: 14266: 14265: 14255: 14254: 14253: 14248: 14238: 14233: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14202: 14195: 14193: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14167: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14111: 14110: 14109: 14104: 14093: 14091: 14080: 14079: 14077: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14054:Lateran Treaty 14051: 14046: 14041: 14035: 14033: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14012: 14011: 14001: 14000: 13999: 13994: 13980: 13975: 13966: 13964: 13949: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13873: 13872: 13867: 13856: 13854: 13848: 13847: 13845: 13844: 13843: 13842: 13837: 13827: 13826: 13825: 13815: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13790:Moral theology 13787: 13781: 13779: 13773: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13716: 13714: 13708: 13707: 13705: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13693: 13692: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13661: 13659: 13653: 13652: 13650: 13649: 13644: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13620: 13615: 13614: 13613: 13608: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13580: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13569: 13568: 13563: 13562: 13561: 13554: 13549: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13490: 13489: 13484: 13473: 13471: 13464: 13442: 13441: 13438: 13437: 13435: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13375: 13364: 13362: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13305:Pope Gregory I 13302: 13296: 13294: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13284: 13279: 13277:Biblical canon 13274: 13272:Late antiquity 13269: 13268: 13267: 13262: 13252: 13247: 13241: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13229: 13228: 13227: 13217: 13216: 13215: 13208:Church fathers 13205: 13204: 13203: 13198: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13160: 13158: 13149: 13142:Ecclesiastical 13129: 13128: 13126: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13093: 13092: 13085: 13078: 13070: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13057: 13045: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12997: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12946: 12941: 12935: 12933: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12925: 12924: 12923: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12856: 12851: 12844: 12839: 12837:Lateran Treaty 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12803: 12801: 12795: 12794: 12792: 12791: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12728: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12719: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12672: 12670: 12662:Baroque period 12660: 12657: 12656: 12654: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12631:Peter Canisius 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12606:Francis Xavier 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12570:Exsurge Domine 12566: 12561: 12555: 12553: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12510:Pope Clement V 12507: 12506: 12505: 12503:Avignon Papacy 12498:Western Schism 12495: 12490: 12488:Thomas Aquinas 12484: 12482: 12476: 12475: 12473: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12386: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12342:Saint Boniface 12339: 12334: 12329: 12327:Pope Gregory I 12324: 12319: 12314: 12308: 12306: 12300: 12299: 12296: 12295: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12266:Biblical canon 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12232: 12231: 12220: 12218: 12199: 12195:Late antiquity 12187: 12186: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12162: 12161: 12156: 12155: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12142:Pope Clement I 12132:Church Fathers 12129: 12123: 12121: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12057: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11988: 11986: 11971: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11932: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11901: 11900: 11895: 11893:Biblical canon 11888:Catholic Bible 11885: 11884: 11883: 11873: 11872: 11871: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11850: 11849: 11838: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11818: 11817: 11810: 11803: 11795: 11786: 11785: 11783: 11782: 11769: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11691: 11689: 11685: 11684: 11682: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11574:Henri de Lubac 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11549:Gabriel Marcel 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11529:Étienne Gilson 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11500: 11498: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11478:George Tyrrell 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11438:Émile Boutroux 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11418:Giuseppe Pecci 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11359: 11357: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11267:António Vieira 11264: 11259: 11257:René Descartes 11254: 11249: 11244: 11238: 11236: 11228:Baroque period 11226: 11223: 11222: 11220: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11192:Luis de Molina 11189: 11187:Peter Canisius 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11167:Francis Xavier 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11122:Thomas Cajetan 11119: 11113: 11111: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11053:Heinrich Seuse 11050: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10987: 10985: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10957:Thomas Aquinas 10954: 10952:Henry of Ghent 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10897:Anselm of Laon 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10843: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10819:Rabanus Maurus 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10750: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10736:Pope Gregory I 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10617: 10615: 10612:Pope Gregory I 10605: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10544: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10504: 10502: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10486: 10485: 10483:Biblical canon 10480: 10473:Catholic Bible 10470: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10440: 10438: 10434: 10433: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10417: 10416: 10409: 10402: 10394: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10381: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10330: 10328: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10309: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10288: 10287: 10286: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10250: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10219: 10210: 10205: 10194: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10156: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10113: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10055: 10053: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10037: 10032: 10030:Vow of silence 10027: 10022: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10005: 9994: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9956: 9955: 9954: 9952:Cleric regular 9949: 9948: 9947: 9937: 9935:Canons regular 9932: 9931: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9895: 9890: 9884: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9864: 9863: 9856: 9849: 9841: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9816: 9814:Catholic laity 9805: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9798: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9770: 9764: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9727: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9609: 9603: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9581: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9547: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9514:Hijas de Jesús 9511: 9506: 9501: 9495: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9430: 9423: 9421: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9384: 9378: 9372: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9336: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9224: 9219: 9213: 9207: 9201: 9195: 9189: 9183: 9177: 9171: 9165: 9159: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9136: 9130: 9124: 9118: 9112: 9106: 9101: 9098:Adorno Fathers 9094: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9072: 9066: 9060: 9055: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9008: 9002: 8996: 8990: 8984: 8978: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8930: 8924: 8918: 8915:Assumptionists 8912: 8906: 8904: 8896: 8895: 8888: 8887: 8880: 8873: 8865: 8859: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8813: 8806: 8805:External links 8803: 8802: 8801: 8795: 8780: 8774: 8759: 8739: 8718: 8699: 8678: 8658: 8649: 8637: 8631: 8618: 8612: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8565: 8539: 8520: 8491: 8462: 8455: 8429: 8404: 8397: 8379: 8368: 8350: 8324: 8306: 8280: 8254: 8228: 8219: 8210: 8184: 8163: 8147: 8118: 8089: 8077: 8042: 8020: 7994: 7968: 7936: 7910: 7903:Newell, E.J., 7895: 7873: 7843: 7818: 7805: 7783: 7763: 7737: 7731:Kenney, J.F., 7724: 7700: 7691: 7682: 7675: 7655: 7630: 7602: 7581: 7555: 7537: 7510: 7485: 7458: 7432: 7397: 7385: 7376: 7365: 7354: 7342: 7340:Numbers 6:5-18 7333: 7300: 7272: 7246: 7237: 7206: 7199: 7181: 7172: 7162: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7041: 7025: 7022: 6953:Trappist beers 6896: 6893: 6880: 6877: 6807: 6804: 6752: 6749: 6719: 6716: 6700: 6697: 6691: 6688: 6670:organized the 6663: 6660: 6474:organized the 6464:Main article: 6461: 6458: 6339:Rehburg-Loccum 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6276: 6270: 6256: 6247: 6240:Conceptionists 6237: 6227: 6221: 6211: 6201: 6191: 6181: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6138:Main article: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6028:Canons regular 6025: 6015: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5989:Diocesan right 5986: 5976: 5971: 5969:Exclaustration 5966: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5859: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5841: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5812: 5811: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5751: 5748:Jus exclusivae 5744: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5629: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5600:Judicial Vicar 5594: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5562: 5560:Procedural law 5559: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5500: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5481: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5347:Imprimi potest 5343: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5291: 5290: 5287:Jus patronatus 5276: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Regular clergy 5228: 5226:Secular clergy 5219: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5185: 5183:Law of persons 5182: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5081: 5076: 5069: 5064: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5016:Interpretation 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4979: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4944: 4939: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4877:Lay trusteeism 4874: 4869: 4864: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4828: 4820: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4811:Eparchal curia 4803: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4789: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4775:Diocesan Curia 4772: 4765: 4758: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4722: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4596: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4528: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4502: 4491: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4458: 4449: 4448: 4442: 4440:Minor basilica 4437: 4435:Major basilica 4432: 4425:Sacred places 4423: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4336: 4331: 4330: 4329: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4281: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4147: 4144:Musicam sacram 4140: 4133: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4100: 4098:Liturgical law 4097: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086:Protosyncellus 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4015: 4014: 4006: 3999: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3960: 3943:Jus novissimum 3939: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3933:Liber Septimus 3929: 3922: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3901: 3894: 3893: 3892: 3885: 3882:Canon Episcopi 3878: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3823:Dictatus papae 3819: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3663:Optatam totius 3659: 3652: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3578: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3543: 3542: 3534: 3533: 3522: 3519: 3502: 3499: 3487:Teutonic Order 3461: 3458: 3454:were shut down 3384:Saint Benedict 3376: 3373: 3286: 3283: 3230:Main article: 3227: 3224: 3220:Ardagh Chalice 3140:studied under 3134:Glamorganshire 3101: 3098: 3089: 3086: 3012: 3009: 2977: 2974: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2913: 2910: 2873:was a wealthy 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2674:Galatians 6:17 2594: 2593: 2508: 2506: 2499: 2490:Main article: 2487: 2486:Types of monks 2484: 2395: 2394: 2309: 2307: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2255:was compiled. 2184:Constantinople 2121:Desert Mothers 2117:Desert Fathers 2095: 2094: 2009: 2007: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1948:Main article: 1928: 1925: 1887: 1884: 1749:Saint Macarius 1740:Main article: 1737: 1734: 1678:Main article: 1675: 1672: 1668:Desert Fathers 1640:Main article: 1622: 1619: 1576: 1575: 1530: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1504: 1501: 1454:or city life. 1421:clerks regular 1417:canons regular 1400: 1397: 1371:, as the word 1252: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1234: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 994: 989: 987:Edvige Carboni 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 952: 947: 940: 935: 930: 924: 921: 920: 917: 916: 913: 912: 907: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 878:Maximin Giraud 875: 873:Mélanie Calvat 870: 865: 859: 856: 855: 852: 851: 846: 845: 844: 843: 838: 833: 826: 818: 817: 811: 810: 809: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 770: 769: 761: 754: 753: 750: 749: 744: 743: 742: 741: 733: 732: 726: 725: 724: 723: 718: 713: 708: 701: 693: 692: 684: 677: 676: 673: 672: 667: 666: 665: 664: 659: 654: 649: 642: 634: 633: 627: 626: 625: 624: 619: 614: 606: 605: 599: 598: 597: 596: 591: 586: 581: 573: 572: 566: 565: 564: 563: 558: 553: 548: 540: 539: 535: 534: 533: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 504: 503: 497: 496: 495: 494: 486: 485: 477: 470: 469: 466: 465: 462: 461: 456: 451: 446: 440: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 372:Paul of Thebes 368: 365:Desert Fathers 363: 362: 359: 358: 355: 354: 347: 342: 337: 332: 326: 323: 322: 317: 309: 308: 305: 304: 301: 300: 295: 289: 288: 283: 282: 276: 275: 270: 269: 264: 259: 254: 253: 252: 243: 231: 226: 221: 220: 219: 212: 205: 192: 191: 186: 185: 180: 173: 167: 166: 161: 160: 155: 154: 153: 143: 142: 141: 136: 125: 124: 119: 116: 115: 112: 111: 108: 107: 106: 105: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18705: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18665: 18663: 18648: 18640: 18638: 18630: 18628: 18624: 18620: 18619: 18616: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18551: 18549: 18545: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18410: 18408: 18404: 18398: 18395: 18391: 18388: 18387: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18303: 18299: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18257:Scholasticism 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18199: 18197: 18195: 18191: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18155: 18152: 18150: 18147: 18145: 18142: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18119:Rise of Islam 18117: 18113: 18110: 18109: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18079: 18077: 18075: 18071: 18067: 18060: 18055: 18053: 18048: 18046: 18041: 18040: 18037: 18025: 18017: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18004: 18001: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17983: 17981: 17978: 17976: 17973: 17971: 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17957: 17955: 17951: 17945: 17942: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17927: 17923: 17922: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17912: 17910: 17906: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17832: 17830: 17828: 17824: 17818: 17815: 17811: 17808: 17807: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17800:Popular piety 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17769: 17766: 17765: 17764: 17761: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17733: 17732: 17729: 17725: 17722: 17721: 17720: 17717: 17716: 17714: 17712: 17708: 17705: 17699: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17681: 17678: 17677: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17662: 17660: 17658: 17654: 17646: 17643: 17642: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17595: 17594: 17591: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17581:People of God 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17563: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17545: 17542: 17541: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17509: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17452: 17451: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17443: 17439: 17427: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17411: 17409: 17407: 17403: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17380: 17377: 17376: 17375: 17372: 17371: 17369: 17367: 17363: 17357: 17354: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17291: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17267: 17263: 17260: 17257: 17253: 17248: 17247:Denominations 17244: 17232: 17229: 17228: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17216:Enlightenment 17214: 17212: 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17198: 17196: 17194: 17190: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17155: 17153: 17151: 17147: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17120: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17100: 17098: 17096: 17092: 17084: 17081: 17080: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17013: 17012: 17009: 17008: 17006: 17004: 16998: 16995: 16992: 16986: 16981: 16977: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16942: 16940: 16936: 16930: 16929:New Testament 16927: 16925: 16924:Old Testament 16922: 16920: 16917: 16916: 16914: 16912: 16908: 16904: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16864: 16861: 16857: 16850: 16845: 16843: 16838: 16836: 16831: 16830: 16827: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16809:Protestantism 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16779: 16778: 16775: 16774: 16771: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16756: 16753: 16750: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16710: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16682:Azusa Revival 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16662:Laestadianism 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16615: 16614: 16612: 16610: 16606: 16600: 16599:Old Lutherans 16596: 16593: 16589: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16552: 16549: 16548: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16533: 16531: 16529: 16525: 16515: 16514: 16510: 16508: 16507: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16462: 16460: 16458: 16454: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16442: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16397: 16395: 16393: 16389: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16315: 16311: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16289: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16265:Diet of Worms 16263: 16261: 16260: 16256: 16255: 16254: 16251: 16250: 16248: 16246: 16242: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16199: 16196: 16195: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16170: 16168: 16166: 16165:Protestantism 16160: 16156: 16148: 16145: 16144: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16111: 16108: 16107: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15984: 15981: 15975: 15972: 15971: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15951: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15931: 15929: 15927: 15923: 15917: 15916:North America 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15846: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15816: 15814: 15812: 15806: 15800: 15797: 15793: 15790: 15789: 15788: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15716: 15713: 15712: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15692: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15655: 15654: 15651: 15650: 15648: 15646: 15642: 15636: 15633: 15629: 15625: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15579: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15556: 15553: 15552: 15551: 15548: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15537: 15533: 15527: 15526:Early African 15524: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15509:Justin Martyr 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15486: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15415: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15383: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15330: 15329:Life of Jesus 15327: 15325: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15317:Apostolic Age 15313: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15208: 15206: 15202: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15184: 15180: 15173: 15168: 15166: 15161: 15159: 15154: 15153: 15150: 15138: 15130: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15117: 15114: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15092: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15068:Home Missions 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15050: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14967: 14964: 14963: 14962: 14961:Saint Francis 14959: 14955: 14952: 14951: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14944:Saint Dominic 14942: 14941: 14940: 14937: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14914: 14913: 14910: 14909: 14907: 14905: 14899: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14757:Bethlehemites 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14729: 14727: 14725: 14721: 14716: 14712: 14706: 14705: 14701: 14699: 14698: 14694: 14692: 14691: 14687: 14684: 14680: 14679:Vatican Radio 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14666: 14665: 14664:Vatican Media 14662: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14652: 14648: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14597: 14594: 14593: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14575: 14572: 14571: 14570: 14567: 14566: 14564: 14562: 14558: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14525: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14504: 14501: 14495: 14492: 14491: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14460: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14452: 14448: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14321: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14311: 14309: 14307: 14303: 14299: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14264: 14261: 14260: 14259: 14256: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14206: 14203: 14200: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14192: 14188: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14116: 14115: 14112: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14098: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14085: 14081: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14032: 14028: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14010: 14007: 14006: 14005: 14002: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13989: 13988: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13961:List of popes 13957: 13953: 13950: 13947: 13943: 13939: 13935: 13931: 13924: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13849: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13832: 13831: 13828: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13778: 13774: 13764: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13745:Mother of God 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13713: 13709: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13691: 13688: 13687: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13658: 13654: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13642: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13630:People of God 13628: 13626: 13625: 13621: 13619: 13618:Infallibility 13616: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13603: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13586: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13577: 13573: 13567: 13564: 13560: 13559: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13544: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13494:Body and soul 13492: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13479: 13478: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13452: 13447: 13443: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13397:Enlightenment 13395: 13393: 13390: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13370: 13369: 13368:Protestantism 13366: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13357: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13345:Scholasticism 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13330:Schism (1378) 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13315:Schism (1054) 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13297: 13295: 13293: 13289: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13234: 13226: 13223: 13222: 13221: 13218: 13214: 13211: 13210: 13209: 13206: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13193: 13192: 13189: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13166: 13165: 13162: 13161: 13159: 13157: 13153: 13150: 13147: 13143: 13139: 13134: 13130: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13102: 13098: 13091: 13086: 13084: 13079: 13077: 13072: 13071: 13068: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13044: 13034: 13033: 13030: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13013: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12930: 12922: 12919: 12918: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12896:Mother Teresa 12894: 12892: 12889: 12886: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12861: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12822:Pope Pius XII 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12804: 12802: 12800: 12796: 12790: 12789: 12788:Rerum novarum 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12772:Pope Leo XIII 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12742:United States 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12732:Pope Pius VII 12730: 12729: 12727: 12723: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12571: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12547: 12542: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12481: 12477: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12415:Scholasticism 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12390:Pope Urban II 12388: 12387: 12385: 12383: 12379: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12301: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12230: 12227: 12226: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12215: 12207: 12203: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12166:Justin Martyr 12164: 12160: 12157: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12138: 12135: 12134: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12115: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12077: 12076:New Testament 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12039:Commissioning 12037: 12036: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11983:Apostolic Age 11979: 11975: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11927: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11889: 11886: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11877: 11874: 11870: 11869:Papal primacy 11867: 11866: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11816: 11811: 11809: 11804: 11802: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11770: 11767: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11755:Aidan Nichols 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11735:Michał Heller 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11725:Walter Kasper 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11686: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11654:Thomas Merton 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11624:Jean Daniélou 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11501: 11499: 11495: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11363:Joseph Görres 11361: 11360: 11358: 11354: 11348: 11347:Bruno Lanteri 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11302:Blaise Pascal 11300: 11297: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11197: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11162:John of Ávila 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11105: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11044: 11042: 11041:Walter Hilton 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11011:Richard Rolle 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10979: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10892:Peter Lombard 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10877:Peter Abelard 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10836: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10769:Monothelitism 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10759:John Climacus 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10646:Monophysitism 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10566: 10562: 10560: 10559:Justin Martyr 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10549: 10545: 10543: 10542: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10497: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10462: 10461:Papal primacy 10459: 10458: 10457: 10454: 10450: 10447: 10446: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10426: 10422: 10415: 10410: 10408: 10403: 10401: 10396: 10395: 10392: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10369: 10366: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10354:Monastic cell 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10325: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10292: 10289: 10285: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10277: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10268: 10265: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10153: 10149: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10117:Contemplation 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10106: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10064:Chapter house 10062: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10046: 10042: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9982: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9960: 9959:Congregations 9957: 9953: 9950: 9946: 9945:Second orders 9943: 9942: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9929: 9928:Idiorrhythmic 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9862: 9857: 9855: 9850: 9848: 9843: 9842: 9839: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9803: 9797: 9796:White Sisters 9794: 9791: 9788: 9785: 9782: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9768: 9765: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9731: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9627: 9624: 9621: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9607: 9604: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9574: 9571: 9568: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9499: 9496: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9382: 9379: 9376: 9375:Redemptorists 9373: 9370: 9367: 9364: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9329: 9326: 9323: 9320: 9317: 9314: 9311: 9308: 9305: 9302: 9299: 9296: 9293: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9281: 9278: 9275: 9272: 9269: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9246: 9243: 9240: 9237: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9217: 9214: 9211: 9208: 9205: 9202: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9190: 9187: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9169: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9151: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9122: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9089: 9081: 9070: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9046:Servite Order 9044: 9041: 9038: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9009: 9006: 9003: 9000: 8997: 8994: 8991: 8988: 8985: 8982: 8979: 8976: 8973: 8970: 8967: 8964: 8961: 8958: 8955: 8952: 8949: 8946: 8943: 8940: 8937: 8934: 8931: 8928: 8925: 8922: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8897: 8893: 8886: 8881: 8879: 8874: 8872: 8867: 8866: 8863: 8856: 8853: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8798: 8792: 8788: 8787: 8781: 8777: 8775:9780884021643 8771: 8767: 8766: 8760: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8728: 8724: 8719: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8688: 8684: 8683:"St. Anthony" 8679: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8641:Chitty, D. J. 8638: 8634: 8632:0-582-40427-4 8628: 8624: 8619: 8615: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8599: 8580: 8576: 8569: 8553: 8549: 8543: 8536: 8532: 8529: 8524: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8495: 8480: 8476: 8469: 8467: 8458: 8456:9780520053434 8452: 8448: 8443: 8442: 8433: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8400: 8398:9780819193506 8394: 8390: 8383: 8377: 8372: 8366: 8362: 8359: 8354: 8338: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8318: 8315: 8310: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8277: 8264: 8258: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8223: 8214: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8160:0-7141-0554-6 8157: 8151: 8145: 8144:9781584773023 8141: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8122: 8116: 8115:9780865544369 8112: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8081: 8065: 8061: 8059: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8040: 8039:9780472060511 8036: 8033: 8031: 8024: 8008: 8004: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7965:9781608334261 7962: 7959: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7943: 7941: 7924: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7880: 7878: 7871: 7870:9780900701375 7867: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7841: 7840:9780809129645 7837: 7834: 7830: 7827: 7822: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7802:9781136787164 7799: 7796: 7794: 7787: 7781: 7780:1-4039-7299-0 7777: 7773: 7767: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7734: 7728: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7695: 7686: 7678: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7659: 7644: 7640: 7634: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7588: 7586: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7549: 7546: 7541: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7499: 7495: 7489: 7473: 7469: 7468:"St. Anthony" 7462: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7395:, p. 83. 7394: 7389: 7383:Numbers 6:6-7 7380: 7374: 7369: 7363: 7358: 7351: 7350:Mishneh Torah 7346: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7202: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7176: 7166: 7158: 7157: 7152: 7145: 7141: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7028: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6995:the first son 6992: 6988: 6984: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6930: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6906: 6901: 6892: 6890: 6885: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6806:Contributions 6803: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6779: 6776: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6756: 6748: 6746: 6740: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6696: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6654:and holds an 6653: 6649: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6621: 6616: 6614: 6610: 6609:Divine Office 6606: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6472:John Wycliffe 6467: 6457: 6455: 6452:In 2011, the 6450: 6449:, Yorkshire. 6448: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6369: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6343:Ebstorf Abbey 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196:, founded in 6195: 6192: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6168:Vallombrosans 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6150:Monte Cassino 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6129: 6124: 6122: 6117: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6092: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6003: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5936:Ladislas Orsy 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5926:John D. Faris 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5781:Ubi periculum 5778: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5694:Oblatio vitae 5691: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5632:Pars dynamica 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5557: 5556: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5462:Canon 1397 §2 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5201:Canonical age 5199: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5172: 5171:Temporalities 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5150:Cathedraticum 5147: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5073:Vacatio legis 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941:Jurisprudence 4937: 4936: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4923:Vicar general 4921: 4919: 4916: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4762:Cathedraticum 4759: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647:Roman Pontiff 4645: 4644: 4643: 4637: 4629: 4628: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4560:Clandestinity 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4451:Sacred times 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4101:Latin Church 4095: 4094: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4042: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3987: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3945: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3926:Extravagantes 3923: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3849: 3848: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3706: 3705:Legal history 3701: 3700: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3656:Lumen gentium 3653: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3560:(current law) 3559: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3511:Protestantism 3508: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3399:Monte Cassino 3396: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3355:and his wife 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333:Childebert II 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3243: 3239: 3236:The Culdees ( 3233: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3212:Book of Kells 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054:his monastery 3050: 3048: 3044: 3043:Samson of Dol 3040: 3036: 3035:Paul Aurelian 3032: 3028: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3008: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2939: 2936:According to 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2811:, 1638-1640). 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2713:Megaloschemos 2710: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2605: 2600: 2590: 2587: 2579: 2576:December 2023 2568: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2537: – 2536: 2532: 2531:Find sources: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2509:This section 2507: 2503: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2472:Sacred Canons 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2391: 2388: 2380: 2377:December 2023 2369: 2366: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2338: – 2337: 2333: 2332:Find sources: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2310:This section 2308: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2249:Holy Mountain 2246: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226:John Climacus 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:apophthegmata 2106: 2102: 2091: 2088: 2080: 2077:December 2023 2069: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2038: – 2037: 2033: 2032:Find sources: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2010:This section 2008: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1983:Matthew 18:20 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825:Judean Desert 1822: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1654:through the " 1653: 1648: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1572: 1569: 1561: 1558:December 2023 1551: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1531:This section 1529: 1520: 1519: 1510: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1460:St. Pachomius 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295:Old Testament 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1258: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1194:Divine Comedy 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1159:Sol de Fátima 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1049:Ordo Virtutum 1047: 1045: 1044:Lingua ignota 1042: 1041: 1035: 1034: 1023: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1001: 1000: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 977:Thomas Merton 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 953: 951: 948: 946: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 925: 919: 918: 911: 910:Gemma Galgani 908: 906: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 863:Dina Bélanger 861: 860: 854: 853: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 819: 813: 812: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 772: 771: 768: 765: 764: 758: 752: 751: 740: 737: 736: 735: 734: 728: 727: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 711:John of Ávila 709: 707: 702: 700: 697: 696: 695: 694: 691: 688: 687: 681: 675: 674: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 643: 641: 638: 637: 636: 635: 632: 629: 628: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 608: 607: 604: 601: 600: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 576: 575: 574: 571: 568: 567: 562: 561:Margery Kempe 559: 557: 554: 552: 551:Walter Hilton 549: 547: 546:Richard Rolle 544: 543: 542: 541: 537: 536: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 505: 502: 499: 498: 493: 490: 489: 488: 487: 484: 481: 480: 474: 468: 467: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 441: 437: 431: 430: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 366: 361: 360: 353: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 321: 320: 307: 306: 299: 296: 294: 291: 290: 285: 284: 281: 278: 277: 272: 271: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 250: 249: 244: 241: 237: 236: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 217: 213: 210: 206: 203: 199: 198: 197: 196:Contemplation 194: 193: 188: 187: 184: 181: 179: 178: 177:Lectio Divina 174: 172: 169: 168: 163: 162: 159: 156: 152: 149: 148: 147: 144: 140: 137: 135: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 121: 120: 114: 113: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 65: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 18418:Architecture 18390:Great Famine 18380:Universities 18320:Hussite Wars 18266: 18237:Great Schism 18124:Papal States 17924: 17719:Architecture 17613:Confirmation 17561:Ecclesiology 17492:Original sin 17482:Nicene Creed 17279:Old Catholic 17163:Papal States 17157: 17095:Great Church 17061:Resurrection 17003:Christianity 16960:New Covenant 16911:(Scriptures) 16856:Christianity 16725:Charismatics 16708: 16687:Gospel music 16617:Camp meeting 16609:1789–present 16541:Missionaries 16511: 16504: 16495:Menno Simons 16439: 16435:Church music 16286: 16257: 16142:Conciliarism 16127:Papal Schism 15969:Scandinavian 15861:Great Schism 15839:Nestorianism 15811:Christianity 15743:priest holes 15624:Chalcedonian 15587:Christianity 15566: 15541:Great Church 15349:Resurrection 15107:Universities 14939:Third orders 14902:Associations 14892:Visitandines 14887:Trinitarians 14837:Mercedarians 14822:Hieronymites 14767:Camaldoleses 14752:Benedictines 14742:Augustinians 14702: 14695: 14688: 14669:Vatican News 14623:Distinctions 14429:Syro-Malabar 14314:Latin Church 14236:Grand master 14134:Metropolitan 14031:Vatican City 13926:Organisation 13805:Philosophers 13670:Confirmation 13647:In canon law 13641:Subsistit in 13639: 13635:Three states 13622: 13583: 13576:Ecclesiology 13558:Nova Vulgata 13556: 13514:Original sin 13509:Nicene Creed 13499:Divine grace 13458: 13340:Universities 13310:Papal States 13281: 13237:Great Church 13179:Resurrection 13156:Early Church 13010: 13006:Pope Francis 12932:21st century 12881:Pope Paul VI 12858: 12846: 12799:20th century 12786: 12737:Pope Pius IX 12725:19th century 12701:Pope Pius VI 12568: 12440:Latin Empire 12410:Universities 12362:Pope Leo III 12316: 12229:Christianity 12214:state church 12206:Great Church 12007:Resurrection 11970:(30–325/476) 11967:Early Church 11952:Latin Church 11947:Papal States 11942:Vatican City 11919: 11740:Peter Kreeft 11688:21st century 11679:Henri Nouwen 11589:Jean Guitton 11569:Fulton Sheen 11497:20th century 11398:Jaime Balmes 11356:19th century 11177:Luis de León 11058:Geert Groote 11045: 10862:Peter Damian 10701:John Cassian 10641:Nestorianism 10563: 10546: 10539: 10522: 10500:Early Church 10233:Grand master 9907: 9810:Third orders 9298:Mechitarists 9109:Augustinians 9011:Mercedarians 8945:Bridgettines 8939:Benedictines 8789:. Eerdmans. 8785: 8764: 8751:. Retrieved 8746: 8731:. Retrieved 8726: 8710:. Retrieved 8706: 8691:. Retrieved 8686: 8670:. Retrieved 8665: 8653: 8644: 8622: 8603: 8582:. Retrieved 8578: 8568: 8556:. Retrieved 8542: 8523: 8511:. Retrieved 8504: 8494: 8482:. Retrieved 8440: 8432: 8420:. Retrieved 8416: 8407: 8388: 8382: 8371: 8353: 8341:. Retrieved 8327: 8309: 8297:. Retrieved 8283: 8274: 8267:. Retrieved 8257: 8245:. Retrieved 8231: 8222: 8213: 8201:. Retrieved 8187: 8179: 8175: 8166: 8150: 8127: 8121: 8098: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8068:. Retrieved 8057: 8029: 8023: 8011:. Retrieved 7997: 7985:. Retrieved 7981:the original 7971: 7948: 7927:. Retrieved 7913: 7904: 7898: 7821: 7813: 7808: 7792: 7786: 7771: 7766: 7754:. Retrieved 7740: 7732: 7727: 7694: 7685: 7665: 7658: 7646:. Retrieved 7642: 7633: 7621:. Retrieved 7617: 7572:. Retrieved 7558: 7540: 7528:. Retrieved 7523: 7513: 7501:. Retrieved 7497: 7488: 7476:. Retrieved 7471: 7461: 7449:. Retrieved 7444: 7435: 7423:. Retrieved 7412: 7393:Bennett 2002 7388: 7379: 7368: 7357: 7345: 7336: 7324:. Retrieved 7283: 7275: 7263:. Retrieved 7249: 7240: 7228:. Retrieved 7190: 7184: 7175: 7165: 7154: 7144: 7084: 7056: 7007: 6980: 6957: 6946: 6943:Dom Perignon 6936: 6933:wine culture 6926: 6921:Soutra Aisle 6910: 6905:Soutra Aisle 6886: 6882: 6864:universities 6825: 6791: 6780: 6772: 6760:Roger Schütz 6757: 6754: 6742: 6737: 6721: 6702: 6693: 6665: 6644:R. A. Torrey 6641: 6617: 6601: 6511: 6480: 6470:In England, 6469: 6451: 6437:In Lutheran 6436: 6400: 6389: 6370: 6361:Loccum Abbey 6359: 6335:Loccum Abbey 6320: 6315:Loccum Abbey 6295:Vatican City 6259:Visitandines 6230:Hieronymites 6224:Bridgettines 6146:Benedictines 6081: 6074: 6065: 6058: 6051: 6013:Congregation 6000: 5879:Jean Lemoine 5860: 5850: 5843: 5833: 5813: 5788:Quia propter 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5746: 5719: 5716:Current law 5711: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5670:Canonization 5668: 5659: 5638: 5631: 5630: 5564:Pars statica 5563: 5531: 5527: 5483: 5471: 5424:Positive law 5398:Motu proprio 5396: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5322: 5315: 5292: 5285: 5277: 5260: 5220: 5206:Emancipation 5161:Mass stipend 5156:Contract law 5148: 5123:Determinatio 5121: 5114: 5108:Ecclesiology 5095: 5071: 5061:Sede vacante 5059: 5050:Promulgation 5032: 5028:Jurisdiction 4986: 4982:Dispensation 4969: 4894:Congregation 4860: 4846: 4835: 4824: 4797:Vicar forane 4767: 4760: 4753: 4718: 4697:Latin Church 4689: 4680: 4679: 4657: 4656: 4641: 4598: 4591: 4535: 4523: 4504: 4497: 4465: 4450: 4424: 4415: 4405:Sacramentals 4403: 4397:Mass stipend 4365: 4324: 4288: 4249: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4172:Ecclesia Dei 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4053: 4021: 4016: 4010: 4001: 3995: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3931: 3924: 3919:Regulæ Juris 3917: 3903: 3896: 3887: 3880: 3868: 3861: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3835: 3828: 3821: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3712:Jus antiquum 3710: 3709: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3654: 3647: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3580: 3573: 3567: 3557: 3504: 3475:Hospitallers 3463: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3423: 3414: 3389: 3319: 3288: 3235: 3216:high crosses 3201: 3194: 3182:Clonmacnoise 3174: 3170: 3166:penitentials 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3122:Candida Casa 3114:Enda of Aran 3111: 3091: 3084:among them. 3051: 3025: 3014: 2994: 2980:Around 397, 2979: 2963: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2915: 2905: 2901: 2893:John Cassian 2891: 2869: 2842: 2818:Saint Jerome 2814: 2774: 2770:Jesus Prayer 2763: 2756: 2750: 2745: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2709:Great Schema 2708: 2706: 2689: 2681: 2665: 2663: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2617: 2609: 2582: 2573: 2563: 2556: 2549: 2542: 2530: 2518:Please help 2513:verification 2510: 2469: 2422: 2398: 2383: 2374: 2364: 2357: 2350: 2343: 2331: 2319:Please help 2314:verification 2311: 2272:Thessalonica 2270:, bishop of 2260:Great Schism 2257: 2242: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2173: 2169:cenobiticism 2153: 2144:, after the 2139: 2127: 2125: 2112: 2111:) and acts ( 2108: 2098: 2083: 2074: 2064: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2031: 2019:Please help 2014:verification 2011: 1972: 1964:Holy Fathers 1955: 1953: 1935: 1897: 1880:persecutions 1865: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1837:Roman Empire 1833:North Africa 1813: 1809: 1801: 1797: 1788: 1779: 1771: 1760:St Pachomius 1757: 1745: 1726: 1721: 1712: 1709:hermit monks 1683: 1658:" movement. 1649: 1645: 1579: 1564: 1555: 1532: 1477: 1429: 1410: 1366: 1334: 1307:St Pachomius 1278: 1277: 1260: 1019: 1012: 992:Elena Aiello 938:Marthe Robin 756: 679: 472: 435: 422:John Cassian 246: 234:Divinization 209:Jesus Prayer 175: 128: 29: 18647:WikiProject 18574:Medievalism 18413:Agriculture 18277:Manorialism 18272:Communalism 18267:Monasticism 18184:Reconquista 18174:Kievan Rus' 17980:Persecution 17915:Christendom 17908:Cooperation 17845:Charismatic 17756:Holy Spirit 17665:Natural law 17628:Holy orders 17477:Christology 17470:Holy Spirit 17339:Pentecostal 17319:Evangelical 17314:Charismatic 17158:Monasticism 17150:Middle Ages 17113:Constantine 17056:Crucifixion 16938:Foundations 16814:Catholicism 16751:Protestants 16745:Evangelical 16420:39 Articles 16415:Elizabethan 16392:Anglicanism 16372:Westminster 16282:Melanchthon 16245:Lutheranism 16210:Nicodemites 16188:Arminianism 16159:Reformation 16100:Bonaventure 16075:Inquisition 16070:Waldensians 16020:Investiture 15998:Kievan Rus' 15954:Anglo-Saxon 15934:Pelagianism 15926:Middle Ages 15849:Iconodulism 15724:Thomas More 15645:Catholicism 15567:Monasticism 15550:Constantine 15475:Persecution 15433:Adoptionism 15418:Ante-Nicene 15361:Holy Spirit 15344:Crucifixion 15315:Origins and 15216:2nd and 3rd 15097:Health care 15083:Pax Christi 15035:Schoenstatt 15000:Sant'Egidio 14832:Legionaries 14812:Franciscans 14787:Cistercians 14782:Carthusians 14737:Annonciades 14596:Altarpieces 14489:West Syriac 14484:East Syriac 14464:Alexandrian 14088:Holy orders 14069:Swiss Guard 14009:Dicasteries 14004:Roman Curia 13902:Evangelists 13860:Holy Family 13795:Personalism 13785:Natural law 13763:Josephology 13697:Holy orders 13335:Inquisition 13292:Middle Ages 13282:Monasticism 13250:Constantine 13174:Crucifixion 13012:Laudato si' 12807:Pope Pius X 12636:Philip Neri 12611:Pope Pius V 12586:Thomas More 12455:Inquisition 12357:Charlemagne 12317:Monasticism 12127:Persecution 12019:Holy Spirit 12002:Crucifixion 11881:First seven 11750:Tomáš Halík 11674:Jean Vanier 11659:René Girard 11644:Alfred Delp 11609:Yves Congar 11604:Karl Rahner 11579:Dorothy Day 11564:Edith Stein 11534:Ronald Knox 11132:John Fisher 11127:Thomas More 11104:Reformation 10996:Duns Scotus 10991:Ramon Llull 10984:and reforms 10972:Roger Bacon 10937:Bonaventure 10847:Roscellinus 10636:Pelagianism 10607:Constantine 10430:Key figures 10313:Lay brother 10099:Scriptorium 9617:Poor Clares 9363:Passionists 9222:Gabrielites 8999:Franciscans 8969:Cistercians 8963:Carthusians 8703:"Anchoress" 8558:18 February 8269:20 November 8247:16 November 8203:17 February 8013:20 December 7929:19 December 7756:19 December 7648:22 February 7623:22 February 7494:"Anchoress" 7373:Numbers 6:8 7362:Numbers 6:5 7098:Mount Athos 6991:second sons 6948:Bénédictine 6917:medicaments 6860:phalanstère 6856:Thomas More 6573:Reformation 6491:monasteries 6385:Evangelical 6208:Celestine V 6184:Cistercians 6174:Carthusians 6162:Camaldolese 6023:Monasticism 5742:Cum proxime 5738:Historical 5652:Presumption 5419:Penitential 5409:Papal brief 4884:Roman Curia 4467:Paenitemini 4257:Holy Orders 4047:Eastern law 3986:Jus codicis 3951: 1563 3911:Decretalist 3898:Jus commune 3855: 1140 3419:Charlemagne 3357:Theodolinda 3341:Switzerland 3311:Lindisfarne 3279:Middle Ages 3204:insular art 3058:King Alfred 3001:St. Asaph's 2906:Conferences 2875:Gallo-Roman 2725:Schema monk 2721:Schema monk 2666:Stavrophore 2659:prayer rope 2632:, belt and 2288:, monk 1897 2220:. Here the 2214:Mount Sinai 2161:hagiography 1973:Within the 1908:Vigilantius 1872:Constantine 1849:Conferences 1707:Hieronymite 1586:Therapeutae 1452:cenobitical 1269:Il Guercino 972:Alfred Delp 967:Simone Weil 962:Edgar Cayce 520:Bonaventure 293:Charismatic 129:Monasticism 122:Monasticism 98:Neoplatonic 88:Hellenistic 18673:Asceticism 18662:Categories 18569:Land terms 18523:Technology 18503:Philosophy 18483:Literature 18448:Demography 18149:Viking Age 17894:Prosperity 17870:Liberation 17810:Cathedrals 17795:Pilgrimage 17780:Literature 17657:Philosophy 17593:Sacraments 17566:Four marks 17527:Protestant 17502:Born again 17299:Anabaptist 17289:Protestant 17231:Influences 17193:Modern era 16897:By country 16536:Revivalism 16457:Anabaptism 16405:Henry VIII 16230:Literature 15854:Iconoclasm 15834:Chrysostom 15787:Vatican II 15753:Jansenists 15739:Mass rocks 15675:Lateran IV 15594:Athanasius 15514:Tertullian 15458:Marcionism 15453:Gnosticism 15406:Revelation 15324:Background 14852:Oratorians 14807:Dominicans 14777:Carmelites 14772:Camillians 14720:institutes 14533:Tridentine 14469:Antiochian 14389:Macedonian 14334:Belarusian 14224:Provincial 14139:Archbishop 14059:Roman Rota 14021:Properties 13946:By country 13942:Precedence 13907:Confessors 13887:Archangels 13877:Patriarchs 13777:Philosophy 13755:Veneration 13720:Assumption 13690:Last rites 13657:Sacraments 13601:Four marks 13412:Vatican II 13360:Modern era 13196:Succession 12885:coronation 12591:Pope Leo X 12176:Tertullian 12106:Revelation 12081:Background 11760:Scott Hahn 11137:Johann Eck 10789:Iconoclasm 10721:Pope Leo I 10581:Tertullian 10334:Asceticism 10208:Provincial 10132:Meditation 10025:Solemn vow 10020:Profession 9940:Mendicants 9808:See also: 9449:Brigidines 9239:Josephites 9227:Holy Cross 9188:(OFM Conv) 9174:Claretians 9133:Camillians 9115:Barnabites 8993:Dominicans 8957:Carmelites 8951:Canossians 8509:. New York 8506:Daily News 8479:Al Jazeera 8417:ChristLife 7137:References 7047:Asceticism 6976:miniatures 6964:quadrivium 6924:hospital. 6913:pharmacies 6889:scriptoria 6862:). Modern 6832:healthcare 6708:Hutterites 6704:Anabaptist 6699:Anabaptism 6571:since the 6537:Littlemore 6509:churches. 6234:eremitical 6204:Celestines 5964:Solemn vow 5874:Hostiensis 5861:Canonists 5845:The Jurist 5624:Procurator 5604:Officialis 5457:Canon 1324 5414:Papal bull 5392:Encyclical 5340:Imprimatur 5084:Visitation 5045:Obrogation 5006:Impediment 4977:Derogation 4861:in solidum 4634:particular 4456:Feast days 4411:Indulgence 4315:Confession 4251:Sacraments 3889:Margaritae 3558:Ius vigens 3321:Columbanus 3259:eremitical 3190:St Brendan 3130:Llancarfan 3020:Llancarfan 2902:Institutes 2898:Marseilles 2861:Marmoutier 2830:Eustochium 2805:Eustochium 2797:St. Jerome 2758:apostolnik 2746:koukoulion 2729:Schema nun 2647:Rassophore 2546:newspapers 2401:sacraments 2347:newspapers 2253:Philokalia 2245:East Roman 2238:Great Lent 2150:Athanasius 2105:Asia Minor 2047:newspapers 1942:See also: 1886:Opposition 1845:Institutes 1722:eremitical 1611:Israelites 1542:improve it 1507:See also: 1479:Philokalia 1448:eremitical 1369:solitaries 1329:(men) and 1283:Christians 1204:Purgatorio 1119:Philokalia 801:John Eudes 755:17th 678:15th 622:Henry Suso 501:Franciscan 471:13th 434:11th 407:Athanasius 402:Syncletica 340:Thomasines 280:Abstinence 171:Meditation 164:Meditation 146:Asceticism 78:Cataphatic 18688:Hesychasm 18554:Dark Ages 18463:Household 18458:Hastilude 18227:Feudalism 17970:Criticism 17920:Ecumenism 17884:Mysticism 17850:Democracy 17840:Anarchism 17827:Movements 17790:Mythology 17768:Catechism 17763:Education 17680:Evolution 17603:Eucharist 17586:Canon law 17544:Theotokos 17539:Mariology 17497:Salvation 17487:Tradition 17334:Methodist 17294:Adventist 17128:Chalcedon 16702:Ecumenism 16652:Adventism 16642:Mormonism 16578:Millerism 16573:Methodism 16528:1640–1789 16430:Civil War 16377:Orthodoxy 16332:Huguenots 16314:Calvinism 16299:Eucharist 16294:Orthodoxy 16178:Eucharist 16110:Five Ways 16060:Dulcinian 16013:Pomerania 15939:Gregory I 15783:Vatican I 15773:Modernism 15758:Molinists 15748:Guadalupe 15619:Chalcedon 15614:Ephesus I 15604:Augustine 15480:Apostolic 15463:Montanism 15428:Diversity 15204:Centuries 15093:See also: 15045:Charities 14954:Discalced 14882:Trappists 14877:Theatines 14847:Olivetans 14792:Clarisses 14762:Blue nuns 14747:Basilians 14724:societies 14632:See also: 14518:Mozarabic 14508:Ambrosian 14494:Malankara 14479:Byzantine 14439:Ukrainian 14414:Ruthenian 14379:Hungarian 14364:Ethiopian 14339:Bulgarian 14306:sui iuris 14290:Postulant 14199:Religious 14154:Auxiliary 14149:Coadjutor 14119:Patriarch 13987:Cardinals 13934:Canon law 13930:Hierarchy 13912:Disciples 13835:Relations 13823:Evolution 13814:See also: 13759:See also: 13712:Mariology 13702:Matrimony 13675:Eucharist 13596:Ecumenism 13524:Salvation 13460:Catechism 13455:Tradition 13417:Communism 13265:Chalcedon 12901:Communism 12871:Ecumenism 12217:(380–451) 12209:(180–451) 12198:(313–476) 12120:(100–325) 11664:Hans Küng 11453:Léon Bloy 11443:Modernism 11296:Jansenism 10982:Mysticism 10576:Montanism 10306:Postulant 10284:Anchorite 10137:Mysticism 10094:Refectory 10084:Hermitage 10045:Monastery 10013:Obedience 9913:Cenobitic 9790:Ursulines 9492:Felicians 9392:Salesians 9146:(OFM Cap) 9144:Capuchins 9121:Basilians 9063:Trappists 8753:9 October 8733:9 October 8712:9 October 8693:9 October 8672:9 October 8422:27 August 8343:29 August 8299:29 August 7530:9 October 7503:9 October 7478:9 October 7451:9 October 7282:, in his 7230:21 August 7114:Pachomius 6911:Monastic 6879:Education 6836:Max Weber 6828:education 6712:Bruderhof 6613:Eucharist 6355:Bursfelde 6331:Negenborn 6273:Trappists 6250:Turchines 6214:Olivetans 5865:Medieval 5570:Tribunals 5517:Interdict 5451:Penal law 5404:Ordinance 5377:Concordat 5211:Exemption 5166:Stole fee 4889:Dicastery 4825:sui juris 4691:sui juris 4688:Churches 4506:Ne Temere 4387:Canon 915 4377:Eucharist 4267:Abstemius 4076:Exarchate 4066:Nomocanon 3876:Decretist 3847:Jus novum 3721: 33 3426:Pachomius 3252:Christian 3210:like the 3178:St Ciarán 2996:Kentigern 2766:Hesychasm 2629:Podraznik 2606:, c. 1910 2476:Glorified 2457:Holy Land 2418:canon law 2413:bishopric 2411:, when a 2405:hieromonk 2264:Hesychasm 2163:), Saint 2128:Paradise, 2115:) of the 1900:Helvidius 1876:martyrdom 1821:Palestine 1780:cenobitic 1766:in Upper 1705:) of the 1662:looks to 1598:Nazirites 1546:verifying 1496:obedience 1442:, or the 1389:cenobites 1385:monastery 1319:Canon law 1285:who live 928:Padre Pio 589:Hadewijch 584:Lutgardis 483:Dominican 324:Antiquity 240:Catharsis 202:Hesychasm 151:Mendicant 117:Practices 73:Ascetical 68:Apophatic 18637:Category 18604:Timeline 18493:Minstrel 18488:Medicine 18370:Chivalry 18325:Burgundy 18247:Crusades 18024:Category 17889:Pacifism 17703:features 17687:Politics 17640:Ablution 17608:Marriage 17512:Catholic 17442:Theology 17349:Reformed 17329:Lutheran 17324:Holiness 17304:Anglican 17274:Catholic 17178:Crusades 17123:Nicaea I 17073:Apostles 17046:Miracles 17041:Parables 17031:Ministry 17021:Nativity 16985:timeline 16882:Prophets 16877:Glossary 16794:Theology 16782:Missions 16777:Timeline 16749:Mainline 16697:Pacifism 16546:Baptists 16465:Theology 16425:Puritans 16400:Timeline 16342:Scotland 16270:Theology 16117:Wycliffe 16065:Crusades 16040:Bogomils 15993:Bulgaria 15949:Germanic 15901:Ethiopia 15799:Timeline 15577:Nicaea I 15572:Councils 15504:Irenaeus 15499:Ignatius 15494:Polycarp 15448:Donatism 15443:Docetism 15438:Arianism 15339:Ministry 15137:Category 15030:Opus Dei 15015:Scouting 15005:Focolare 14872:Servites 14857:Piarists 14802:Crosiers 14538:Anglican 14474:Armenian 14404:Romanian 14394:Maronite 14369:Georgian 14359:Eritrean 14344:Chaldean 14329:Armenian 14324:Albanian 14205:Superior 14164:Emeritus 14144:Diocesan 13997:Advisers 13956:Holy See 13882:Prophets 13840:Politics 13611:Catholic 13591:Councils 13446:Theology 13325:Crusades 13260:Nicaea I 13191:Apostles 13169:Ministry 13138:Timeline 13118:Glossary 12911:HIV/AIDS 12405:Crusades 12159:Irenaeus 12152:Ignatius 12147:Polycarp 11997:Ministry 11985:(30–100) 11859:Timeline 11196:Molinism 10774:Ecthesis 10726:Boethius 10631:Arianism 10621:Eusebius 10571:Irenaeus 10535:Polycarp 10449:Timeline 10258:Basilian 10226:Prioress 10198:Superior 10180:Vestment 10175:Scapular 10170:Cornette 10069:Cloister 10008:Chastity 9923:Enclosed 9908:Monastic 9192:Crosiers 9036:(OPraem) 9013:(O de M) 8910:Alexians 8643:(1966). 8584:30 April 8579:BBC News 8552:Archived 8531:Archived 8361:Archived 8337:Archived 8317:Archived 8293:Archived 8241:Archived 8197:Archived 8133:Archived 8104:Archived 8064:Archived 8007:Archived 7954:Archived 7923:Archived 7887:Archived 7859:Archived 7829:Archived 7750:Archived 7716:Archived 7643:ccel.org 7618:ccel.org 7595:Archived 7568:Archived 7548:Archived 7419:Archived 7320:Archived 7293:Archived 7259:Archived 7224:Archived 7120:Pustynia 7024:See also 6987:tonsured 6968:theology 6951:and the 6895:Medicine 6868:Americas 6820:Slovakia 6758:In 1944 6728:pacifism 6581:Plymouth 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